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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, Peter


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, Richard


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, Robert Dudley


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, Thomas (d.1624)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, Thomas (1734-1815)


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Page:Sons and Lovers, 1913, Lawrence.djvu/189

Rh “Why, how far is it?”

“A good way.”

“I don’t believe it,” she said.

But she scrambled in. There were eight crowded in one old seaside carriage.

“You see,” said Mrs. Morel, “it’s only threepence each, and if it were a tram-car——”

They, drove along. Each cottage they came to, Mrs. Morel cried:

“Is it this? Now, this is it!”

Everybody sat breathless. They drove past. There was a universal sigh.

“I’m thankful it wasn’t that brute,” said Mrs. Morel. “I was frightened.” They drove on and on.

At last they descended at a house that stood alone over the dyke by the highroad. There was wild excitement because they had to cross a little bridge to get into the front garden. But they loved the house that lay so solitary, with a sea-meadow on one side, and immense expanse of land patched in white barley, yellow oats, red wheat, and green root-crops, flat and stretching level to the sky.

Paul kept accounts. He and his mother ran the show. The total expenses—lodging, food, everything was—sixteen shillings a week per person. He and Leonard went bathing in the morning. Morel was wandering abroad quite early.

“You, Paul,” his mother called from the bedroom, “eat a piece of bread-and-butter.”

“All right,” he answered.

And when he got back he saw his mother presiding in state at the breakfast-table. The woman of the house was young. Her husband was blind, and she did laundry work. So Mrs. Morel always washed the pots in the kitchen and made the beds.

“But you said you’d have a real holiday,” said Paul, “and now you work.”

“Work!” she exclaimed. “What are you talking about!”

He loved to go with her across the fields to the village and the sea. She was afraid of the plank bridges, and he abused her for being a baby. On the whole he stuck to her as if he were her man.

Miriam did not get much of him, except, perhaps, when all the others went to the “Coons.” Coons were insufferably stupid to Miriam, so he thought they were to himself also, and he preached priggishly to Annie about the fatuity of listening 12


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, Tom


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Page:Railways Act 1921 (ukpga 19210055 en).pdf/36

[Ch. 55.] position between persons entitled to the charge and other persons as existing on the said fourth day of August shall not be prejudiced or improved.

Subsequent modification of standard charges.

35. Any amalgamated company or any railway company to which a schedule of standard charges has been. applied, or any representative body of traders or any person who may obtain a certificate from the Board of Trade that he is, in the opinion of the Board of Trade, a proper person for the purpose, shall be entitled at any time to apply to the rates tribunal to modify the standard charges or any of them, or any conditions relative thereto, and, if any, such company or body of traders or person, as the case may be, prove to the satisfaction of the rates tribunal that the standard charges or conditions or any of them ought to be modified, the tribunal shall make such modifications as they think fit, and shall fix the date as from which the modified standard charges or conditions shall be effective:

Provided that subsections (3), (4), (5), and (6) of section fifty-nine of this Act shall apply to any application for a general revision or variation of standard charges of an amalgamated company under this section as if such application were a review of standard charges and exceptional charges under that section:

Provided also that, where the schedule of standard charges of any amalgamated company has been. applied to any other company, the tribunal may modify the charges or any of them in the schedule as applied to the amalgamated company without modifying them in the schedule as applied to such other company, or modify them in the schedule as applied to such other company without modifying them in the schedule as applied to the amalgamated company.

Exceptional Charges.

Provision as to existing exceptional rates

36—(1) On and from the appointed day all exceptional rate in operation immediately before the appointed day on the railway of any amalgamated company or any company to which a schedule of standard charges has been applied shall cease to operate, with the exception of such exceptional rates as—

(a) are not less than five per cent. below the standard rates which would otherwise on and from the appointed day become chargeable; and 32


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178 to them. Yet he, too, knew all their songs, and sang them along the roads roisterously. And if he found himself listening, the stupidity pleased him very much. Yet to Annie he said:

“Such rot! there isn’t a grain of intelligence in it. Nobody with more gumption than a grasshopper could go and sit and listen.” And to Miriam he said, with much scorn of Annie and the others: “I suppose they’re at the ‘Coons.’ ”

It was queer to see Miriam singing coon songs. She had a straight chin that went in a perpendicular line from the lower lip to the turn. She always reminded Paul of some sad Botticelli angel when she sang, even when it was:

Only when he sketched, or at evening when the others were at the ‘Coons,’ she had him to herself. He talked to her endlessly about his love of horizontals: how they, the great levels of sky and land in Lincolnshire, meant to him the eternality of the will, just as the bowed Norman arches of the church, repeating themselves, meant the dogged leaping forward of the persistent human soul, on and on, nobody knows where; in contradiction to the perpendicular lines and to the Gothic arch, which, he said, leapt up at heaven and touched the ecstasy and lost itself in the divine. Himself, he said, was Norman, Miriam was Gothic. She bowed in consent even to that.

One evening he and she went up the great sweeping shore of sand towards Theddlethorpe. The long breakers plunged and ran in a hiss of foam along the coast. It was a warm evening. There was not a figure but themselves on the far reaches of sand, no noise but the sound of the sea. Paul loved to see it clanging at the land. He loved to feel himself between the noise of it and the silence of the sandy shore. Miriam was with him. Everything grew very intense. It was quite dark when they turned again. The way home was through a gap in the sand-hills, and then along a raised grass road between two dykes. The country was black and still. From behind the sandhills came the whisper of the sea. Paul and Miriam walked in silence. Suddenly he started. The whole of his blood seemed to burst into flame, and he could scarcely breathe. An enormous orange moon was staring at them from the rim of the sandhills. He stood still, looking at it.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, William (1659-1716)


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Page:Sons and Lovers, 1913, Lawrence.djvu/191

Rh “Ah!” cried Miriam, when she saw it.

He remained perfectly still, staring at the immense and ruddy moon, the only thing in the far-reaching darkness of the level. His heart beat heavily, the muscles of his arms contracted.

“What is it?” murmured Miriam, waiting for him.

He turned and looked at her. She stood beside him, for ever in shadow. Her face, covered with the darkness of her hat, was watching him unseen. But she was brooding. She was slightly afraid—deeply moved and religious. That was her best state. He was impotent against it. His blood was concentrated like a flame in his chest. But he could not get across to her. There were flashes in his blood. But somehow she ignored them. She was expecting some religious state in him. Still yearning, she was half aware of his passion, and gazed at him, troubled.

“What is it?” she murmured again.

“It’s the moon,” he answered, frowning.

“Yes,” she assented. “Isn’t it wonderful?” She was curious about him. The crisis was past.

He did not know himself what was the matter. He was naturally so young, and their intimacy was so abstract, he did not know he wanted to crush her on to his breast to ease the ache there. He was afraid of her. The fact that he might want her as a man wants a woman had in him been suppressed into a shame. When she shrank in her convulsed, coiled torture from the thought of such a thing, he had winced to the depths of his soul. And now this “purity” prevented even their first love-kiss. It was as if she could scarcely stand the shock of physical love, even a passionate kiss, and then he was too shrinking and sensitive to give it.

As they walked along the dark fen-meadow he watched the moon and did not speak. She plodded beside him. He hated her, for she seemed in some way to make him despise himself. Looking ahead he saw the one light in the darkness, the window of their lamp-lit cottage.

He loved to think of his mother, and the other jolly people.

“Well, everybody else has been in long ago!” said his mother as they entered.

“What does that matter!” he cried irritably. “I can go a walk if I like, can’t I?”

“And I should have thought you could get in to supper with the rest,” said Mrs. Morel.


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text:
Author talk:William Somerset Maugham

Fac-similes

 * Internet Archive

title: Author talk:William Somerset Maugham


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Page:Sons and Lovers, 1913, Lawrence.djvu/192

180 “I shall please myself,” he retorted. “It’s not late. I shall do as I like.”

“Very well,” said his mother cuttingly, “then do as you like.” And she took no further notice of him that evening. Which he pretended neither to notice nor to care about, but sat reading. Miriam read also, obliterating herself. Mrs. Morel hated her for making her son like this. She watched Paul growing irritable, priggish, and melancholic. For this she put the blame on Miriam. Annie and all her friends joined against the girl. Miriam had no friend of her own, only Paul. But she did not suffer so much, because she despised the triviality of these other people.

And Paul hated her because, somehow, she spoilt his ease and naturalness. And he writhed himself with a feeling of humiliation.


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, William (1804?-1853)


text:
Page:Railways Act 1921 (ukpga 19210055 en).pdf/37

[Ch. 55.] (b) have been continued by agreement in writing between the railway company and the trader concerned or, failing agreement, have been notified in writing to the secretary of the railway company by the trader with a request that they should be referred to the rates tribunal for determination by them, in which case the rates shall continue until determined by the rates tribunal, and the onus of proving that any such rates should be altered, or discontinued shall be upon the railway company;

so nevertheless that no rate which has not been applied to the, charging of merchandise actually forwarded within the two years preceding the first day of January, nineteen hundred and twenty-three, shall be continued unless the trader can prove to the satisfaction of the,railway company or, failing agreement with the railway company, to the satisfaction of the rates tribunal—

(i) that its non-application is solely due to abnormal conditions of trade; or

(ii) that a rate of equal amount to the same destination remains in operation at other stations or sidings in the same group or area

Provided that, if the trader and the railway company agree to continue any rate which will be more than forty per cent. below the standard rate chargeable as aforesaid, the rate shall, before the appointed day, be referred to the rates tribunal, and, if so referred, shall continue until the tribunal have determined the matter.

(2) Any such agreement or determination may provide for the continuance of any exceptional rate at the same or any higher figure or charge, not being, in the case of an agreement between a railway company and a trader, less than five per cent. nor more than forty per cent below the standard rate chargeable, and for a specified period of time.

New exceptional rates.

37.—(1) On and after the appointed day an amalgamated company or a railway company to which a exceptional schedule of standard charges has been applied shall be rates at liberty to grant new exceptional rates in respect of the carriage of any merchandise, which rates shall within fourteen days, or such longer period as the Minister may 33


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[Ch. 55.] allow, be reported to the Minister; so, however, that a new exceptional rate so granted shall not, without the consent of the rates tribunal, be less than five per cent. or more than forty per cent. below the standard rate chargeable.

(2) If the Minister is of opinion that any company is granting new exceptional rates in such manner as prejudicially to affect any class of users of the railway not benefited by such rates, or so as to jeopardise the realisation of the standard revenue of such company, he may refer the matter to the rates tribunal, who may, after giving all parties interested an opportunity of being heard, take either or both of the following courses:—

(a) revise the standard charges of that company or any of them:

(b) cancel or modify all or any of such exceptional rates.

(3) Any trader may, at any time, apply to the rates tribunal to fix a new exceptional rate.

Variation of exceptional rates.

38.—(1) An amalgamated company or a railway company to which a schedule of standard' charges has been applied shall not be entitled to increase or cancel any exceptional rate which has been fixed by the rates tribunal without first obtaining the sanction of that tribunal.

(2) Any such company may, at any time, reduce any exceptional rate, so,, however, that the rate shall not, without the consent of the rates tribunal, be reduced so as to be more than forty per cent. below the standard rate which would be, chargeable, but any. such reduction shall be reported to the Minister in like manner as if it were the grant of a new exceptional rate.

(3) Any such company may, at any time, increase any exceptional rate which has not been fixed by the rates tribunal on giving thirty days' notice in such manner as the rates tribunal may prescribe of the proposed increase, and on the expiration of such notice may, if no objection be raised by any trader interested, forthwith bring the increased-rate into force, provided that it is not less than five per cent. below the standard rate chargeable, but, if such an objection be raise', or if the rate when increased would be less than five per cent. below the standard rate chargeable, the increase shall not have effect unless and until the rates' tribunal, after giving the company an opportunity of being heard, so determine; 34


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[Ch. 55.] Provided that no trader shall be entitled to object to an increase of an exceptional rate reduced by a railway company since the appointed day unless the effect of the increase is to make the rate applicable to his traffic higher than the rate applicable thereto immediately before the reduction.

(4) Any such company may, at any time, cancel any exceptional rate which has not been fixed by the rates tribunal on giving thirty days' notice in such manner as the rates tribunal may prescribe of the proposed cancellation, and on the expiration of such notice may, if no objection be raised by any trader interested, forthwith cancel the rate as proposed, but, if any such objection be raised, the cancellation shall not have effect unless and until the rates tribunal, after giving the company an opportunity of being heard, so determine:

Provided that no trader shall be entitled to object to the cancellation of an exceptional rate granted by a railway company since the appointed day unless the effect of the cancellation is to make the rate applicable to his traffic higher than the rate applicable thereto at the date when the exceptional rate was granted.

(5) No such increase or cancellation shall take effect in the case of any exceptional rate referred to the rates tribunal under paragraph of section thirty-six of this Act pending the decision of the tribunal with reference thereto, and any exceptional rate agreed under the said section thirty-six shall not be increased or cancelled for a period-of twelve months after the appointed day except as part of a general increase under this Part of this Act or to abate an undue preference.

(6) Any trader or representative body of traders interested in the rate, or any such company, shall be entitled to apply to the rates tribunal at any time to cancel or vary any exceptional rate.

(7) Any such company may cancel any exceptional rate existing after the appointed day which for a period of two years shall not have been applied to the charging of merchandise actually forwarded by railway.

Review of competitive exceptional rates.

39. Review If and whenever representations are made to Review of the Minister by any body of persons who, in the opinion competitive of the Board of Trade, are properly representative of exceptional the interests of shipping or canals, that exceptional rates are being charged which are competitive with coastwise rates. 35


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[Ch. 55.] Any such company may, and upon being required to do so and upon payment of the proper charges shall, at any place where the company holds itself out to collect and deliver merchandise, perform the services of collection and delivery in respect of such merchandise as is for the time being ordinarily collected and delivered by the company at that place:

Provided that the company shall not be required to make delivery to any person who is unwilling to enter into an agreement terminable by him on reasonable notice for the delivery by the company at the charges included in the rate book of the whole of his traffic, or the whole of his perishable traffic, from the station at which those charges apply.

(3) Where any person does not so agree, the company shall not be required to deliver any of his merchandise, but, if such person fails to take delivery of any merchandise within a reasonable time, the company may deliver such merchandise and make such reasonable charges therefor as it thinks fit.

(4) Any dispute as to whether or not any charge for the services of collection and delivery is reasonable, or whether the length of notice for the termination of an agreement under this section is reasonable, shall be determined by the rates tribunal.

Dangerous Goods

50.—(1) Nothing contained in this Act shall impose any obligation on any railway company to accept dangerous goods for conveyance, or shall prejudice or derogate from the powers of His Majesty in Council, or of any Government department, under the or affect the validity or operation of any Order in Council, order, rule, or byelaw made under the powers contained in that Act.

(2) If on or after the appointed day any such company accepts dangerous goods for conveyance, the goods shall be conveyed subject to such byelaws, regulations and conditions as the company may think fit to make in regard to the conveyance or storage thereof, and the owner or consignor of such goods shall indemnify the company from and against all loss or damage which may result to the company or to which the company may be or become liable owing to non-compliance with the before-mentioned byelaws, regulations, and conditions as to such goods and will pay full compensation for all injury to the company's servants and damage to its property 43


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[Ch. 55.] so arising unless it be proved that the injury or damage is due to the wilful misconduct of the company's servants, but, subject as aforesaid, the provisions of this Part of this Act as to ordinary rates and owner's risk rates shall apply.

(3) Any question as to whether goods are dangerous goods shall be determined by the rates tribunal:

Provided that, where a railway company has declared any article to be dangerous, it shall lie on the person requiring the article to be carried to show that it is not dangerous.

Charges on jointly, owned lines.

51. Where a railway is owned jointly by two or more railway companies (being amalgamated companies or railway companies to, which a schedule of standard charges has been applied) then, for the purposes of this Part of this Act—

(a) if the route lies wholly on the railway of one of the owning companies and the jointly "owned railway, the charges shall be the charges which would have been chargeable if the whole route had been over the railway of that owning company; and

(b) in any other case, the charges in respect of the jointly owned railway shall be the charges appearing in the schedule of charges applied to,

Charges for competitive traffic

52.—(1) Where any two places are connected by routes belonging to or operated by two or more railway companies (being amalgamated companies or railway companies to which a schedule of standard charges has been applied) and the standard rate for the carriage of merchandise by one such route is less than the standard rate by another such route, the standard rate for the carriage of merchandise by, the first mentioned route may, subject to the provisions of this section as to circuitous routes, be charged as the standard rate for the carriage of merchandise by such other route.

(2) For the purposes of this section, a circuitous route means a route which is longer by thirty per cent or more than the shortest route, between the two places.

(3) Within six months after the date of amalgamation or such longer time as the Minister may allow every 44


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[Ch. 55.] amalgamated company and every company liable to have applied to it a schedule of standard charges shall submit to the Minister in such form as he may direct a schedule of the circuitous routes to which it is desired that this section shall be applied. The Minister shall refer to the rates tribunal the schedules so submitted to him, and the tribunal shall, after giving all parties whom they consider entitled to be heard before them an opportunity of being heard, consider whether the routes contained in the said schedules are, having regard to all the circumstances, including the public interest, desirable and adequate, and shall settle the schedules accordingly, and this section shall apply to the circuitous routes contained in the schedules as settled, but, save as hereinafter provided, to no other, circuitous routes.

After the settlement of such schedules any such company may apply this section to a new circuitous route not included in its schedule, but the company shall, within fourteen days, report the route to the Minister in such manner as he may direct, and, if the Minister considers that the proposal involves unreasonable competition or is not in the public interest, he may refer the matter to the rates tribunal who may, after giving all parties whom they consider entitled to be heard before them an opportunity of being heard, cancel the route: Provided that, if the proposed circuitous route exceeds by fifty per cent. or more the shortest route between the two places, this section shall not be applied thereto without the consent of the rates tribunal.

Fares on ships.

53. As from the appointed day, any amalgamated company or any railway company to which a schedule of standard charges has been applied whose powers of charging in respect of the conveyance of passengers and their luggage in steam or other vessels provided or used by any such company are limited by statute, may demand, take, and recover such reasonable fares as it shall think fit for and in respect of the conveyance of passengers and their luggage in such steam or other vessels, and any question as to the reasonableness of such fares shall be determined by the rates tribunal.

Publication of schedules of standard charges, &c.

54.—(1) The schedules of standard charges and the standard terms and conditions of carriage when settled in accordance with the provisions of this Part of this 45


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[Ch. 55.] Act, and any orders of the rates 'tribunal modifying standard charges or standard terms, and conditions shall be deemed to be statutory rules within the meaning of the Rules Publication Act, 1893, but nothing in this provision shall be construed as making any such schedules or orders statutory rules to which section one of that Act applies.

(2) Printed copies of the general classification of merchandise and schedule of standard charges for the time being in force shall be kept for sale by every railway company to which the same apply at such places and at such reasonable prices as the Minister may direct.

(3) On and after the appointed day, every railway company shall keep for public inspection at each station at which merchandise is received for conveyance, or, where merchandise is received for conveyance at some other place than a station, then, at the station nearest to such place, a copy of the general classification of merchandise carried on the railway of the company and a book or books stating:—

(i) the chargeable distance from that station or place of every place to which they book;

(ii) the scales of standard charges applicable to each class of merchandise conveyed on the railway;

(iii) all exceptional rates in operation from such station or place;

(iv) any charges in force for the collection and delivery of merchandise at such station or place.

The general classification of merchandise and every such book shall, during all reasonable hours, be open to the inspection of any person without the payment of any fee.

(4) On and after the appointed day, every railway company shall for a period of ten years keep open for inspection at its head office, the books, schedules, or other papers specifying the rates, charges, and conditions of transport in use on the fourteenth day of January, nineteen hundred and twenty, upon the several railways owned or worked by the company, and shall, upon demand and upon payment of a reasonable charge, supply copies of or extracts from such books, schedules, and papers.

(5) Where a railway company carries merchandise partly by land and partly by sea all the books, tables and 46


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Rh XII

——,

Your letter of yesterday raises two objections, which I will do my best to meet. First, if I regard Christ as God, I ought not, you think, to stumble at the miracles, but to welcome, and even to require, them; and secondly, you are not satisfied with my definition of worship. Let me deal first with your first objection, restating it in your own words.

"I admit," you say, "that Jesus, even without miracles, would be worthy of worship in your sense of the word; but that is not the same thing as regarding Him as the Eternal Son of God, the Creative Word. I agree with Plato that there is nothing more like God than the man who is as just as man may be; but you demand more of me than this; you wish me to regard Him not as being merely 'like God' but as 'being God,' 'very God of very God.' Surely you must therefore admit that Jesus was exceptional, and not 'in the course of nature;' and the introduction into the visible world of such an exceptional and supernatural Being surely makes it antecedently probable, if not necessary, that He would bring with Him some quite exceptional phenomena in the way of evidence. The Miraculous Conception and Resurrection of Christ's Body (if only they were true) would supply just the requisite evidence that Jesus was the Creative Word, Lord over the issues of life and death. If the creative


text:
Author:Franz Ernst Neumann

Works

 * "Ueber das Crystallsystem des Axinits." Poggen. Annal. IV., 1825, pp. 63-78
 * "De tactionibus atque intersetionbus circulorum et in plano et in sphæra sitorum, sphærarum atque conorum ex eodem vertice pergentium, commentatio geometrica." Oken. Isis 1826., col 349-369, 466-489.
 * "Photometrisches Verfahren, die Intensität der ordentlichen und ausserordentlichen Strahlen, so vie die des reflictirten Licths zu bestimmen; Bemerkungen zu Herrn Cauchy's Vervielfältigung des Lichts in der totalen Reflexion; Reproduction der Fresnel'schen Formeln über totale Reflexion, u. s. w." Poggend. Annal. XL., 1837 pp. 497-514
 * Translated as "Photometrical Method of estimating the Intensity of ordinary and extraordinary Rays, as also those of reflected light; with Remarks on M. Cauchy's increase in the Intensity of Light by total reflexion, and reproduction of Fresnel's formula for total reflexion, &c." Scientific Memoirs, IV., pp. 402-414
 * "Expériences sur la conductibilité calorifique des solides." Annal. de Chimie, LXVI., 1862, pp. 183-187
 * Translated as "Prof. Neumann on the Calorific Conductibility of Solids." Phil. Mag. XXV., 1863, pp. 63-65
 * Beitreige zur Theorie der Kugelfunctionen

title: Author:Franz Ernst Neumann


text: Author talk:Fenton John Anthony Hort

title: Author talk:Fenton John Anthony Hort


text:
Page:Railways Act 1921 (ukpga 19210055 en).pdf/51

[Ch. 55.] documents touching the rates of charge of the railway company, which are kept by the railway company at any port in Great Britain used by the vessels which carry the sea traffic of the railway company, shall, besides containing all the rates charged for the sea traffic, state what. proportion of any rate is appropriated to the conveyance by sea, distinguishing such proportion from that which is appropriated to the conveyance by land on either side of the sea.

(6) Any company failing to comply with the provisions of this section shall, for each offence and in the case of a continuing offence for every day during which the offence continues, be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding five pounds.

Miscellaneous provisions as to rates

55. The provisions contained in the to this Act (being provisions similar to those now contained in the various railway rates and charges orders) shall, as from the appointed day, apply to the amalgamated companies and the railway companies to which a schedule of standard charges has been applied.

Amendments of certain Acts.

56.—(1) As from the appointed day the Acts mentioned in the first column of the to this Act shall, in their application to railway companies, have effect subject to the amendments specified in the second column of that schedule.

Where any existing special Act relating to any railway company does not incorporate a section of any of the Railways Clauses Acts which is amended or repealed by the said schedule but contains provisions corresponding to such section, the like amendment or repeal shall be made of such corresponding provision as is made by the said schedule of the section of the Railways Clauses Act.

Interpretation of Part II

57. For the purposes of this Part of this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—

The expression " charges " includes rates, fares, tolls, dues and other charges.

The expression "rates " means rates and other charges in connexion with the carriage of merchandise.

The expression " fares " means fares and other charges in connexion with the conveyance of passengers and their luggage. 47


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6 My father, though outwardly calm, was, I felt assured, only able to repress his emotion by a great effort. When the ship began to weigh anchor, and it was necessary for all visitors to go ashore, he strained me to his breast, and said:—

"Farewell, my son, I know I can trust you to act up to those high principles I have always set before you. Religion and loyalty are the best foundation for a successful career in any condition, and I know my boy has both."

With these words, and with many a tender pressure of my hand, he quitted me, having first given me a volume on which he had been engaged for some time back, and the first copy of which he had that morning received from his publisher. It was entitled "Constitutional Sermons," and contained a collection of his own discourses, in which he endeavoured to show, with complete success I believe, the perfect agreement of the British Constitution with the doctrines of Christianity.

I watched the boat that conveyed my loved relations to shore with eyes dimmed with tears, and a heart almost bursting with emotion. However, the passage down the river soon gave me something else to occupy my thoughts, and I gradually became highly interested in the novelties surrounding me.

Our ship was a perfectly new vessel, built according to the design of a very ingenious gentleman, who, though not a professional shipbuilder, had, by his very original writings and researches, inspired a belief in many quarters that the ordinary modes of constructing ships were all wrong, that the system of shipbuilding he advocated was the only one based on sound principles, and that ships constructed on his

title: Page:Colymbia (1873).djvu/12


text:
Category:Recipients of the Copley Medal

Authors who won the from the  for "outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science, and alternates between the physical sciences and the biological sciences." Awarded since 1731

title: Category:Recipients of the Copley Medal


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Rh plan would excel vessels of the ordinary build both in speed and in safety. The owners of the line of Australian packets my father knew, struck with the originality and plausibility of the new system, had entrusted the inventor with the building of a ship on his plan, and the vessel I was now in, appropriately named the Precursor, was the result, and this was her first voyage.

Before we started, she was an object of much curiosity, and though certain old and experienced shipbuilders shook their heads, they did not venture to speak out their objections amid the general clamour of applause that proceeded from the self-constituted critics who understood all about shipbuilding by intuition and without the drudgery of learning. The passengers shared the enthusiasm of the inventor, and were confident we should make the swiftest and pleasantest voyage on record. I was surprised to find that the passengers were so few in number, considering the general chorus of admiration the construction of the vessel had elicited. While some vessels of the old construction, which started about the same time as ourselves for the same destination, were crammed full, we had ample room for three times as many as we had on board.

I noticed, also, that the crew consisted chiefly of young and inexperienced-looking hands, mingled with some old sailors of dissipated and disreputable appearance, who did not inspire me with much confidence in their nautical knowledge, their moral character or their physical powers.

I was informed by one of my fellow-passengers that the underwriters at Lloyd's had insisted on an unusually heavy premium of insurance, but he

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8 ascribed this to the intrigues of the shipbuilders, who set afloat reports derogatory to the safety of the vessel. In fact, he said, a great deal of prejudice had been excited against her by the underhand proceedings of those interested in her failure, whereby passengers and crew had been deterred from taking passage in her. Had it not been for the noble and generous way in which the editors of influential papers had taken up the new principle of shipbuilding, of the merits of which, in their editorial omniscience, they were fully qualified to judge, it is doubtful whether the inventor would ever have had an opportunity of constructing a ship on his principles in this country. In that case, he would, no doubt, have taken his invention to some other country, and the supremacy of the sea would have passed out of the hands of England, perhaps for ever. At least so thought my informant, who was an enthusiast for the new system of shipbuilding, but who, I regret to say, accompanied us no farther than Plymouth, off which port he quitted us in a pilot-smack.

Our captain was a young man, a relative of the inventor, and an implicit believer in the new principle, which he felt convinced was to revolutionise the whole shipbuilding trade, and render voyages by sailing vessels matters of as much certainty as by steamers.

Any doubts that the lack of passengers, the scratch appearance of the crew, the high rate of insurance, and the youth of the captain, might have inspired, were rapidly dispelled when our ship bore away down the Channel with a favourable wind, under a full spread of snowy canvas.

I soon got over the strangeness of shipboard, and

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Rh in a few days felt as much at home on the sea as though I had been a sailor all my life. We were favoured with the finest weather imaginable all the way to Cape Horn, which we doubled in gallant style, and then bore up in an almost northerly course, running parallel to the west coast of South America, at about one hundred miles distant from land.

Our captain, whose aim it was to make a voyage of unexampled rapidity to Queensland, thought that if he crossed to the north of the line and got into the region of the prevalent north-east trade-winds, which are so much stronger and more certain than the south-eastern trades, he might thus be enabled to reach his destination more quickly than by pursuing a more direct course.

We accordingly held to our northerly direction and every day approached nearer to the torrid zone. The change from the extreme cold of Cape Horn to the warmth of the tropics was pleasant enough at first, but, as we neared the equator, the heat became overpowering. The wind that had hitherto favoured us began to shift about from one quarter to another, and occasionally dropped completely, letting our sails hang idly from the yards.

We had been subject to these caprices of the wind for some days, when the weather became extremely sultry and a sudden fall of the barometer announced an approaching storm.

Our captain, who, to do him justice, was well up in nautical knowledge, and, though a theorist, was a careful and prudent sailor, saw reason to apprehend a storm of some violence. To provide for the worst he had the boats looked to, saw that they were ready for immediate use, and that the life-boat in especial lay

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10 free on the deck and was well supplied with oars, mast and sail, some cases of preserved meat, some bags of biscuit and kegs of water; for, though he spoke, and I believe felt, as confident of the safety of his ship as ever, he, like a prudent man, was resolved to provide against accidents, however remote they appeared to him.

We had not long to wait for the outbreak of the storm. The sky became covered with a thick pall of black cloud, and the wind came on with a roar, lashing the sea into white-crested billows, that every moment increased in size. We had been laid head to wind, with every stitch of canvas furled, and yet we were driven rapidly astern by the furious gale.

Every instant the wind increased in violence, the darkness became greater, and our condition more perilous. Suddenly the shrill voice of a boy, perched up somewhere among the shrouds, alarmed us with the cry of "Breakers astern!" Our captain ran up beside the boy, and presently descended with a face pale with emotion; but with consummate calmness he gave the necessary orders for avoiding the danger. A jib-sail was unfurled and the rudder put hard a-port. The force of the gale caused the vessel to swing suddenly round, and just as she presented her side to the full force of the wind, she turned right over and almost immediately disappeared beneath the waves. The whole thing happened so suddenly, so unexpectedly, that there was not an instant of time for making any preparations for the catastrophe. I was standing on the windward side of the vessel, clinging to the bulwarks, and, before I could realise what had happened, I found myself projected with considerable force into the boiling abyss of water. Now, although

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Rh I was almost as much at home in the water as on land, in such a sea and under such circumstances I had no chance for my life. But I had no time to make this reflection. Without knowing how it happened, I found myself overwhelmed by the world of seething waters. I came speedily to the surface, and then the whole gravity of my position forced itself upon me. The only part of the gallant ship still visible was a portion of the hull, keel uppermost, and that was heeling over and sinking rapidly. Had I had leisure to reflect, I would have suffered myself to go down along with the ship, for what chance had I alone in such a wilderness of water? But the instinct of self-preservation was the only faculty awake at that moment, and I struck out from the engulphing whirlpool caused by the sinking ship as vigorously as I could. With a feeling of agonised despair I saw the life-boat, which had been kept ready for other emergencies, floating away broadside on at the distance of half a wave from me, and so much farther to leeward. When I rose on the crest of the wave the boat was down in the hollow, and when I sank it rose. I thought I could reach it by a few strokes, but I found that the rate at which the wind drove it was fully equal to the way I could gain by the utmost exertion. After a few minutes of vigorous swimming, I saw, to my consternation, for I now fully realised my position, that the boat was as far from me as at first. The utmost exertion I could make did not diminish my distance an atom, and I was about to abandon the attempt in despair, when I perceived close beside me the trail of a rope in the water. I seized hold of it, and found it was a loose rope hanging over the stern of the life-boat. A thrill of joy shot

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12 through me as I clung on to it with both hands, but, oh, horror I as I pulled at the rope it began to pay itself out over the end of the boat, and my heart sank at the idea that it might be a loose coil of rope, without any attachment to the boat. I well remember the feeling that came over me as I observed yard after yard of the rope slide over the edge of the life-boat. It was not fear nor sadness, but a sort of apathetic indifference that took hold of me, the reaction possibly from the exquisite joy I had experienced a moment before. I made up my mind that the rope was unattached to the boat, and I seemed to be reckoning how long it would be ere I should see the end slip over and bury itself and all my hopes with it in the depths of the sea. I had twisted the end of the rope round my right wrist, and, while watching it glide out of the boat, had left off swimming. Suddenly I felt a jerk at my wrist, and at the same moment the rope left off paying out and became taut.

My hopes at once revived. I saw that the other end was fastened to the boat, and I forthwith commenced to haul myself to the boat, hand over hand. The strain on the rope turned the boat round, so that it now presented only its end in place of its side to the wind. In this position, there was no difficulty in getting up close to it. My hands were soon on the gunwale, and the rolling wave assisted me to tumble right into the boat, at the bottom of which I lay for a few minutes, exhausted by fatigue and excitement.

But I did not lie long. Anxiety about the fate of my companions of the ship made me start up, in order to see if there were other survivors of the wreck besides myself. I scanned every wave as it rose to view with eager eyes. Some hen-coops, cases, spars, and other

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Rh deck-lumber were visible, but I saw no one clinging to them, nor could I detect the head of any bold swimmer among those black and hideous waves. The time that had elapsed since the vessel went down (for it had taken me a long time to get to the boat after I had seized on the rope, as the rope was long, and, having stopped swimming while it was paying out, I was separated by its whole length from the boat) would have been sufficient to overwhelm any but a very powerful swimmer; and I knew that few of my companions could swim at all and none of them very well. Had there been any survivor of the wreck in the water at that moment, it would have been utterly impossible for me to reach him, for the wind still continued to impel my boat forward much too powerfully for me to have been able to stay its course, far less to row back to the struggling swimmer, had there been any such.

When I reflected on this, I felt almost relieved that nowhere could I espy a sign of a living being, for I knew that I should have only had to endure the agony of seeing him go down beneath the waves without the power to help him in the slightest degree.

After my fruitless search, I lay down once more exhausted and scarcely thankful that I alone should have been saved whilst all the passengers and crew had accompanied the fine vessel to the bottom of the sea.

How long I lay, worn out and stunned, sensible of nothing but my forlorn and lonely condition, while the boat was tossed up and down amid the vast solitude of the ocean, I know not. But gradually I felt that I must exert myself, if only to get a respite from the sombre thoughts that pursued me.

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14 I perceived that the violence of the storm was sensibly abating; the wind no longer swept over the sea in the same terrific gusts, and the crests of the waves were no longer blown into white foam. I crept forward to the middle of the boat, and, by great exertions, managed to fix the short mast into its socket, and to hoist the small, sail with which it was furnished, resolved to let the wind, which had now moderated to a stiff breeze, carry me as fast as possible away from the scene of death and desolation.

Almost my first idea was to endeavour to ascertain in what direction the boat was hurrying. I found the compass stowed away among the cases and kegs at the bottom of the boat, and I ascertained that I was sailing almost due north.

I ate some food and took a good draught of water, and, feeling refreshed and invigorated, sat down in the stern, with the tiller-lines in my hands, and kept the boat well before the wind.

After the lapse of a few hours, the sea became comparatively calm, the clouds broke, the sun began to shine forth, substituting dazzling brightness for the previous gloom.

For hours I watched my buoyant craft, as it ploughed its way through the blue waters, until the sun began to sink beneath the western horizon, the wind fell completely, and the sail flapped idly against the mast.

Ere night closed in a dead calm prevailed. I took down my useless sail and lay down to repose among its folds, while the clear stars shone above me, and I gradually sank into a deep and dreamless sleep.

I did not awake until the morning rays of the sun were shining in my face. I started up and for a moment was unable to recall where I was. But

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Rh suddenly the truth flashed upon me, and the awful catastrophe of the previous day rushed into my mind.

I was all alone on the wide still sea; not a breath of wind was there, not a ripple on the surface of the ocean, but only a long swell that rocked the boat lazily up and down—the remains of yesterday's storm.

As the sun rose the heat became intolerable, and I formed my sail into a sort of canopy to protect me from his scorching rays. The dreadful silence of the calm was more intolerable than the hissing and roaring of the tempest. The roar of the wind and the rush of the waters prevent one feeling absolutely solitary. The noise is a voice, though a rough one, and one cannot feel quite alone with such rude voices all around. But the silence of the calm is intolerably oppressive. I tried to dispel it by shouting, by striking the boat with one of the preserved meat tins, by whistling, by singing; but when I ceased the silence seemed to be worse than before.

I threw myself down in the stern of the boat, and for a while a feeling of apathy kept me still; but soon the thoughts of home, of my parents and friends, of the companions of my voyage, came over me, and I could remain quiet no longer.

I looked into the dark blue water and felt a longing to spring overboard; but better thoughts prevailed, and I made a firm resolve to do nothing to cut short the life which had been so wonderfully preserved.

I calculated how long my provisions would last me, and felt almost certain that before they were exhausted some ship would rescue me from my fearful situation.

Three days passed in this way. The dead calm was not constant. Now and then a light breeze would spring up, producing a slight ripple on the surface of

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Page:Railways Act 1921 (ukpga 19210055 en).pdf/52

[Ch. 55.] The expression " modifications " in relation to charges includes modifications whether by way of decrease or increase, and " modify " shall be construed accordingly.

The expression " merchandise " includes goods, minerals, live stock, and_ animals of all descriptions.

The expression " exceptional charges " means charges below the standard charges, including special charges continued subject to adjustment under the provisions of this Part of this Act, and the expressions " exceptional rates " and " exceptional fares " shall be construed accordingly.

The expression " conditions " includes regulations.

The expression " railway rates and charges orders " means the provisional orders fixing maximum rates and charges applicable to the several railway companies made and confirmed by Parliament in pursuance of section twenty-four of the Railway and Canal Traffic Act, 1888.

The expression " prescribed" means prescribed by the rates tribunal.

Adjustment of Charges to Revenue.

Adjustment of powers of charging to revenue.

58.—(1)The charges to be fixed in the first instance for each amalgamated company shall be such as will, together with the other sources of revenue, in the opinion of the rates tribunal, so far as practicable yield, with efficient and economical working and management, an annual net revenue (hereinafter referred to as the standard revenue) equivalent to the aggregate net revenues in the year nineteen hundred and thirteen of the constituent companies and the subsidiary companies absorbed by the amalgamated company, together with

(a) a sum equal to five per cent. on capital expenditure forming the basis on which interest was allowed at the end of the period during which the constituent companies and subsidiary companies were in the possession of the-Government; and

(b) such allowance as may be necessary to remunerate adequately any additional capital which may have been raised or provided in, respect of expenditure on capital account incurred since the first day of 48


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Author:Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Kohlrausch

Works

 * "Ueber einen selbstthätigen Regulator für den galvanischen Strom." Annal. Phys. Chem. CXXXII., 1867, pp. 266-279
 * "Ueer die von der Influenzmachine erzeugte Electricitätsmenge nach absolutem Maasse," Annal. Phys. Chem. CXXXV., 1868, pp. 120-125
 * Translated as "On the Quantity of Electricity produced by the Electrophorus Machine expressed in Absolute Measure," Phil. Mag. XXXVII., 1869, pp. 236-340
 * "Eine Bestimmung der specifischen Wärme der Luft bei constantem Volumen min dem Metallbarometer," Annal. Phys. Chem. CXXXVI., 1869, pp. 618-625
 * Translated as "Prof. F. Kohlrausch on the Determination of the Specific Heat of Air under constant Volume by means of the Metallic Barometer," Phil. Mag. XXXVIII., 1869, pp. 430-436
 * "Bestimmung der absoluten horizontalen Intensität des Erdmagnetismus durch Strommessung." Annal. Phys. Chem. CXXXVIII., 1869, pp. 1-10
 * Translated as "M. F. Kohlrausch's Determination of the Absolute Horizontal Intensity of the Earth's Magnetism by Measurement of a Current," Phil. Mag. XXXIX., 1870, pp. 114-122.
 * "Ueber einige hydro- und thermo-electromotische Kräfte, zurückgeführt auf Siemens'sches Wiederstandsmass und Weber'sches Strommaas," Annal Phys. Chem. CXLI., 1870, pp. 456-460
 * Translated as "On some Hydro- and Thermoelectric Forces, reducded to Siemens's Unit of Resistance and Weber's Unit of Current," Phil Mag. XLI., 1871, pp. 157-159.
 * "Beobachtungen in magnetischen Observatorium aus dem Jahr 1869, insbesondere Bestimmung der Siemens'schen Widerstandseinheit nach absolutem Maase. Göttingen, Nachrichten, 1870, pp. 513-524
 * Translated as "M. F. Kohlrausch on the Determination of the Absolute Value of the Siemens Mercury Unit of Electrical Resistance" Phil. Mag. XLVII., 1874, pp. 294-309, 342-354
 * "Das Weber'sche compensirte Magnetometer zur Bestimmung der ermagnetischen Intensität," Göttingen Nachrichten, 1871, pp. 50-56.
 * "Ueber die Elasticität des Eisen, Kupfers, und Messings, insbesonders ihre Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur." Annal. Phys. Chem. CXLI., 1870, pp. 481-503. With F. E. Loomis.
 * Translated as "Influence of Temperature on the modulus of Elasticity of certain Metals" Amer. Journ. Sci. L., pp. 350-366.
 * "Ueber die Gültigkeit der Ohm'schen Gesetze für Electrolyte une eine numerische Bestimmung des Leitungswiderstandes der verdünnten Schwefelsäure durch alternirende Ströme." Annal Phys. Chem. CXXXVIII., 1869, pp. 280-298, 370-399. With Nippoldt.
 * Translated as "On the Extension of Ohm's Laws to Electrolytes, and on the Numerical Determination of the Resistance of dilute Sulphuric Acid by means of Alternate Currents." Phil. Mag. XL., 1870, pp. 227-229.
 * "Ein Variationsbarometer." Annal. Phys. Chem. CL., 1873, pp. 423-426.
 * Translated as "M. F. Kohlrausch on a Variation-Barometer. (With a Plate.). Phil. Mag. XLVII., pp. 362-363.
 * "Das elektrische Leitungsvermögen der Cholr-Alkalien und alkalischen Erden, sowie der Salpetersäure in wässerigen Lösungen. Göttingen Nachrichten. 1874, pp. 405-418. With Otto Grotrian.
 * Translated as "MM. F. Kohlrausch and Otto Grotrian on the Electrical Conducting power of the Chlorides of the Alkalies, Alkaline Earths, and Nitric Acid in Aqueous Solutions." Phil. Mag. XLIX., 1875 pp. 417-425.
 * "Das elektrische Leitungsvermögen der Chlor-, Brom- und Jod Wassserstoffsäure, der Schwefel-, Phosphor, Oxal-, Wein-, und Essigsäure in wässerign Lösungen." Annal. Phys. Chem., CLIX, 233-275.
 * "Über das Leitungsvermögen der in Wasser gelösten Elektrolyte in Zussamenhang mit der Wanderung ihrer Bestandteile." Göttinger Berichte. 1876, pp. 213-214
 * "Das elektrische Leitungsvermögen der wässerigen Lössung von den Hydraten und Salzen der leichten Metalle, sowie von Kupfervitrol, Zinkvitrol und Silbersalpeter." Annal. Phys. Chem, 6, 1879, pp. 1-51, 145-210

 * Leitfaden der praktischen Physik (multiple editions, from 9th edition Lehrbuch der praktischen Physik)
 * Translated as An Introduction to Physical Measurements by Thomas Hutchinson Waller and Henry Richardson Proctor (multiple editions)


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The graphic on this page appears to have been inserted into the printed edition merely to fill the space up to the following full-page figure. It has no meaning and is therefore not appropriate to an e-edition.--Laverock ( Talk ) 13:31, 10 January 2013 (UTC)


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HE Japanese tell us that no matter how skilful one may be in flower arrangement, if one is ignorant of the secret of keeping the flowers fresh, his skill is of no avail.

The masters of flower arrangement have many secret formulas for preservatives revealed only to their pupils on graduation and some never revealed except on their deathbeds to their successors. The drugs for most of these would be impossible to obtain outside of Japan, and none of them are really as important as the main Japanese rule that the flowers "must be so prepared before arranging as to enable them to suck up enough water to keep them in a fresh condition for a long time." All their vases are [207]


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 made with this object in view. This is why they are wide mouthed and so different from ours of compressed necks; the only means we have of holding flowers in an upright position is by tightening our vases at the neck.

The Japanese have found that having the opening completely filled by the stems makes the water become foul and also allows no oxygen to enter the stems at their ends. The placing of the flowers one by one through the support, keeping the ends of the stems always an inch or two above the bottom of the vase, allows the flowers to suck up freely all the water they require, while the ends of our flowers are usually sealed by forcing the stems tightly against the bottom of the vase. The Japanese also remove all foliage below the surface of the water. This is not only to show the stems uniting at the base to form the parent stalk, but because it adds greatly to the life of flowers so arranged, since there are no leaves in the water to cause decomposition, which is so injurious to plant life. [208]


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 The system of preserving plants and flowers according to the season of the year in which they are gathered is also very helpful in making them retain freshness for a long time. This method is divided into three periods known as Shin, Giyo, and So. Shin covers the summer months, June, July, and August; Giyo the autumn and spring months, September, October, November, and March, April, and May; So covers the winter months of December, January, and February.

The season of Shin is a very hot period of the year; therefore it is necessary for all flowers and branches gathered during these months to be kept warm internally. The way to do this is to wrap the stems of the flowers or branches in matting or a husk of bamboo — tissue paper will do as well — leaving five or six inches uncovered at the ends when the flowers are long stemmed, and two or three inches when short. Tie the covering fast with string. Put into three pints of boiling water fifty-eight grains of [209]


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 Sansho (see formula at end of the chapter). When this boils hard, plunge into it the uncovered ends of the flower stems and hold them in the boiling mixture until the ends whiten, being careful not to steam the wrapped portions. Then plunge in very cold water, removing the wrappings in a place not too warm and sheltered from the wind. Straighten the stalks and keep thus for about seven hours before arranging.

When the weather is exceptionally hot, this is the best way for preserving flowers, but when the weather is normal at this season, just to boil the ends of the stems until white, and then plunge them in very cold water, will have the same effect. Drugs are required only in extreme heat. Flowers and foliage must always be carefully protected from the steam while being boiled, then the cold water into which they are then put should be in a deep receptacle.

The season of Giyo covers the months when it is neither very hot nor very cold, and it is therefore comparatively easy to keep flowers [210]


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 fresh. But it is well to know how they may be longest preserved. Wrap as in summer and then roast the ends of the stems in a charcoal or coal fire in which twenty-nine grains of Sansho have been put — it can also be done in a gas or candle flame without Sansho — until black and charred, holding the stems in a wet cloth while burning; then put in cold water for seven or eight hours.

In the So period — December, January, February, use very cold water to keep flowers in before arranging. Ice water, stream water, or that kept in a pail over night should be used. The Japanese say that well water is usually warm in winter, and therefore should not be used unless kept standing out of doors for a long time. Flowers do not require burning during these cold months; all that is necessary is to let them stand in very cold water as long as possible before arranging.

A camelia may be kept from turning brown by putting a few grains of salt in the center of each flower. To keep a magnolia, split [211]


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 the end so (see cut) by cutting and apply some dry Sansho in the openings made; then put the branch in water for two or three hours.

These simple and well-thought-out methods do more towards preserving cut flowers than the complicated drug mixtures which are so secretly held back by the masters; or, I should say, were held, for the teachers today give more liberally of this knowledge. In ancient times the rules for preserving flowers were completely withheld from the pupils. A master would sometimes reveal one rule or secret at a time to an advanced pupil, but it was impossible for any student to find out all the rules, unless in the case of the master's death, when to a favorite pupil [212]


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 would fall the honor of inheriting his name, his pupils, and his knowledge. To this fortunate follower, who had been chosen in the master's lifetime and instructed with the idea of becoming his successor, all knowledge would be given, but generally only by word of mouth.

Put all three together. Let boil for five minutes. When cold pour into stems. [213]


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 CHAPTER VIII

STRIFE IN LOVE

finished his apprenticeship, and got a job on the electrical plant at Minton Pit. He earned very little, but had a good chance of getting on. But he was wild and restless. He did not drink nor gamble. Yet he somehow contrived to get into endless scrapes, always through some hot-headed thoughtlessness. Either he went rabbiting in the woods, like a poacher, or he stayed in Nottingham all night instead of coming home, or he miscalculated his dive into the canal at Bestwood, and scored his chest into one mass of wounds on the raw stones and tins at the bottom.

He had not been at his work many months when again he did not come home one night.

“Do you know where Arthur is?” asked Paul at breakfast.

“I do not,” replied his mother.

“He is a fool,” said Paul. “And if he did anything I shouldn’t mind. But no, he simply can’t come away from a game of whist, or else he must see a girl home from the skating-rink—quite proprietously—and so can’t get home. He’s a fool.”

“I don’t know that it would make it any better if he did something to make us all ashamed,” said Mrs. Morel.

“Well, I should respect him more,” said Paul.

“I very much doubt it,” said his mother coldly.

They went on with breakfast.

“Are you fearfully fond of him?” Paul asked his mother.

“What do you ask that for?”

“Because they say a woman always likes the youngest best.”

“She may do—but I don’t. No, he wearies me.”

“And you’d actually rather he was good?”

“I’d rather he showed some of a man’s common sense.”

Paul was raw and irritable. He also wearied his mother very often. She saw the sunshine going out of him, and she resented it.


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182 As they were finishing breakfast came the postman with a letter from Derby. Mrs. Morel screwed up her eyes to look at the address.

“Give it here, blind eye!” exclaimed her son, snatching it away from her.

She started, and almost boxed his ears.

“It’s from your son Arthur,” he said.

“What now——!” cried Mrs. Morel.

“ Paul read, “ ‘I don’t know what made me such a fool. I want you to come and fetch me back from here. I came with Jack Bredon yesterday, instead of going to work, and enlisted. He said he was sick of wearing the seat of a stool out, and, like the idiot you know I am, I came away with him.

‘I have taken the King’s shilling, but perhaps if you came for me they would let me go back with you. I was a fool when I did it. I don’t want to be in the army. My dear mother, I am nothing but a trouble to you. But if you get me out of this, I promise I will have more sense and consideration. . . .’ ”

Mrs. Morel sat down in her rocking-chair.

“Well, now,” she cried, “let him stop!”

“Yes,” said Paul, “let him stop.”

There was silence. The mother sat with her hands folded in her apron, her face set, thinking.

“If I’m not sick!” she cried suddenly. “Sick!”

“Now,” said Paul, beginning to frown, “you’re not going to worry your soul out about this, do you hear.”

“I suppose I’m to take it as a blessing,” she flashed, turning on her son.

“You’re not going to mount it up to a tragedy, so there,” he retorted.

“The fool!—the young fool!” she cried.

“He’ll look well in uniform,” said Paul irritatingly.

His mother turned on him like a fury.

“Oh, will he!” she cried. “Not in my eyes!”

“He should get in a cavalry regiment; he’ll have the time of his life, and will look an awful swell.”

“Swell!—swell!—a mighty swell indeed!—a common soldier!”

“Well,” said Paul, “what am I but a common clerk?”

“A good deal, my boy!” cried his mother, stung.

“What?”

“At any rate, a man, and not a thing in a red coat.”

“I shouldn’t mind being in a red coat—or dark blue, that


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Rh would suit me better—if they didn’t boss me about too much.”

But his mother had ceased to listen.

“Just as he was getting on, or might have been getting on, at his job—a young nuisance—here he goes and ruins himself for life. What good will he be, do you think, after this?”

“It may lick him into shape beautifully,” said Paul.

“Lick him into shape!—lick what marrow there was out of his bones. A soldier!—a common soldier!—nothing but a body that makes movements when it hears a shout! It’s a fine thing!”

“I can’t understand why it upsets you,” said Paul.

“No, perhaps you can’t. But I understand;” and she sat back in her chair, her chin in one hand, holding her elbow with the other, brimmed up with wrath and chagrin.

“And shall you go to Derby?” asked Paul.

“Yes.”

“It’s no good.”

“I’ll see for myself.”

“And why on earth don’t you let him stop. It’s just what he wants.”

“Of course,” cried the mother, “you know what he wants!”

She got ready and went by the first train to Derby, where she saw her son and the sergeant. It was, however, no good.

When Morel was having his dinner in the evening, she said suddenly:

“I’ve had to go to Derby to-day.”

The miner turned up his eyes, showing the whites in his black face.

“Has ter, lass. What took thee there?”

“That Arthur!”

“Oh an’ what’s agate now?”

“He’s only enlisted.”

Morel put down his knife and leaned back in his chair.

“Nay,” he said, “that he niver ’as!”

“And is going down to Aldershot to-morrow.”

“Well!” exclaimed the miner. “That’s a winder.” He considered it a moment, said “H’m!” and proceeded with his dinner. Suddenly his face contracted with wrath. “I hope he may never set foot i’ my house again,” he said.

“The idea!” cried Mrs. Morel. “Saying such a thing!”

“I do,” repeated Morel. “A fool as runs away for a soldier, let ’im look after ’issen; I s’ll do no more for ’im.”

“A fat sight you have done as it is,” she said.


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184 And Morel was almost ashamed to go to his public-house that evening.

“Well, did you go?” said Paul to his mother when he came home.

“I did.”

“And could you see him?”

“Yes.”

“And what did he say?”

“He blubbered when I came away.”

“H’m!”

“And so did I, so you needn’t ‘h’m!’ ”

Mrs. Morel fretted after her son. She knew he would not like the army. He did not. The discipline was intolerable to him.

“But the doctor,” she said with some pride to Paul, “said he was perfectly proportioned—almost exactly; all his measurements were correct. He is good-looking, you know.”

“He’s awfully nice-looking. But he doesn’t fetch the girls like William, does he?”

“No; it’s a different character. He’s, a good deal like his father, irresponsible.”

To console his mother, Paul did not go much to Willey Farm at this time. And in the autumn exhibition of student’s work in the Castle he had two studies, a landscape in water-colour and a still life in oil, both of which had first-prize awards. He was highly excited.

“What do you think I’ve got for my pictures, mother?” he asked, coming home one evening. She saw by his eyes he was glad. Her face flushed.

“Now, how should I know, my boy!”

“A first prize for those glass jars——”

“H’m!”

“And a first prize for that sketch up at Willey Farm.”

“Both first?”

“Yes.”

“H’m!”

There was a rosy, bright look about her, though she said nothing.

“It’s nice,” he said, “isn’t it?”

“It is.”

“Why don’t you praise me up to the skies?”

She laughed.

“I should have the trouble of dragging you down again,” she said.


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16 the sea. I would then hoist my sail, and keep it up until the last breath of wind had again died away.

I took my meals at regular times, economising my store of provisions as much as was consistent with keeping up my strength, and most of the remainder of my time was spent in scanning the horizon in hopes of seeing a friendly sail.

On the morning of the fourth day I thought I discovered some sign of land far away in the north. It was but a speck, and might well be a cloud, but I was convinced that it must be land. Fortunately a gentle breeze rose, and as it continued to blow from the south, I hoisted my sail and steered straight towards the distant speck.

The breeze was so slight that I made but slow progress. However, by noon the speck had grown a little larger and had assumed a more distinct form. I felt assured it must be the tops of some lofty, though still distant, mountains, towards which I was steering, and I reckoned that, at my present rate of progress, I should be close upon them in another twenty-four hours.

Hope again took the place of despondency, but I experienced a sudden revulsion of feeling when I considered that the land before me might be one of those Pacific islands, inhabited by cannibals, who would probably give me, at my journey's end, a warmer welcome than would be agreeable. I soon dismissed this thought, when I remembered how many of these islands had been brought under the beneficent influences of Christianity and civilisation by the self-denying labours of our good missionaries.

From the position of the sun at noon I guessed that I must be close upon the equator, and indeed the

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Rh heat I had been exposed to ever since the cessation of the storm, was something not to be described. With no possibility of shelter in the open boat, I should have been thoroughly roasted, ready for eating in fact, by my friends the cannibals, by the time I reached their island. The only way in which I could keep myself at all cool was to empty a can of sea water over me every now and then.

The sail, which had served to shelter me a little when there was no prospect of a breeze, was now constantly hoisted in order to catch a chance breath of air. The water all around me looked deliciously inviting, and I would have had no hesitation in springing into it, and taking a long swim in its clear depths, but that sundry ominous pointed membranes, that occasionally showed themselves above the surface, told me that I was followed by one or more gigantic white sharks, which would have been only too happy to welcome me into the water. So I thought that, on the whole, it was safer to take my chance of cannibals on the land, than to trust myself to the tender mercies of the hungry fishes that attended me so closely.

Before the sun set I was able to make out that the land I was approaching so slowly consisted of an archipelago of islands apparently of a volcanic character; as a thin column of smoke ascended from one of the peaks into the clear air and spread out into a soft cloud at a great height in the blue sky. I could see that the lower parts of the land were dark with foliage, and I longed to reach its welcome shade, in which I might obtain shelter from the broiling heat that threatened to shrivel me up in my exposed situation. When the shades of night overtook me I could not sleep, such was my anxiety to hold my 5em

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18 frail vessel to the right course, and my dread of losing the chance of a passing breath of wind.

All night long I sat with the tiller-lines in my hands, straining my eyes into the gloom. An occasional glow from the burning crater served to cheer me and to keep my boat in the proper direction.

When at last the sun arose above the eastern horizon, I was gratified to observe that I had made some progress during the night, and I was enabled to perceive that I was gradually approaching a beautiful group of islands, with bold outlines of lofty hills and a luxuriant vegetation extending almost to their summits.

As no breath of air was stirring, I lowered my useless sail, and taking the oars in my hands, I began to row with all my might. Though a good oarsman, I could not keep up the exertion long, as the boat was large and the heat of the sun overpowering. However, with occasional spurts and long rests between, I managed to make some way, and every hour brought me perceptibly nearer to my destination. By noon I found myself so near the main island, that I could distinguish the shapes of the trees that fringed the water's edge.

I now also perceived that a reef of rocks, just peering above the water, ran round the island at some miles' distance from the shore; and as I approached this I found that it formed a complete barrier to my farther progress. I skirted it at some distance in order to find an opening through which I might gain access to the inner waters. There were at uncertain intervals on the reef small patches of higher rock on which clumps of palm trees grew, but I could

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Rh discover no gap in the rocky barrier. After spending some time in this search, I resolved to give it up and try to get my boat across a part of the barrier where it seemed lowest.

I was rather astonished that there was no sign of human life on the waters in the inland sea, not a mast of a ship, nor even a boat or canoe of any description. I could not detect any buildings on the land; but the dense forest that clothed it might well conceal larger buildings than any likely to be reared by savages. The absence of shipping and sailing craft of every kind gave me an idea that the land was uninhabited.

However, I resolved to penetrate if possible into the inner sea, if necessary by dragging my boat across the barrier, supposing the rising tide should not enable me to pass over it.

Half an hour more of steady rowing brought the bow of my boat on to the reef. No sooner did the keel grate against the sunken coral than I was startled by a loud barking. Hastily turning to see whence the noise proceeded, I was astonished to observe a large seal floundering along the reef towards me. The ferocious aspect of the brute alarmed me, and I was about to shove off again to avoid its attack, when I perceived that it was tethered to the rock by a chain which was attached to a metal collar round its neck, and that in spite of its frantic efforts it could not come within some yards of my boat.

It continued to bark violently, and I had scarcely time to wonder at the strange phenomenon of a tethered seal, when a new cause of astonishment presented itself.

From the still clear water of the enclosed sea a man's head suddenly emerged. The head was

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20 by a sort of helmet, made of some shining material, and he wore a pair of spectacles which gave a very droll appearance to his dripping face.

My surprise was no way lessened when this strange head hailed me with a sonorous "Hulloh!" I replied by repeating his salutation. "Hulloh!" I said.

"Who are you, and where do you come from?" said the head.

"I am the only survivor of a dreadful shipwreck," I replied, "and I beg you to help me to get my boat across this reef, that I may come to the land yonder."

"All right, stranger," he replied, and forthwith he clambered up on the reef, and presently stood by my side. His clothing was of the scantiest, consisting only of short trousers, fastened round the waist with a broad and heavy-looking belt, and descending half way down the thigh like the bathing-drawers worn in England.

With his assistance the boat was hauled up the reef and launched on the enclosed water. He refused my offer to get into the boat beside me, but plunged again into the water, and placing himself at the stern commenced to push the boat towards the land, whilst I assisted its progress with the oars. I thought to myself, if this is a fair specimen of the inhabitants of this country they must be uncommonly fond of the water.

I observed that the water over which we now moved was as clear as crystal and of a beautiful blue tint. Looking over the boat's side, I could see far down into the depths below, which seemed to be filled with the strangest and most beautiful growths of corals and marine plants of all shapes and hues.

As we progressed, my friend at the stern was joined by several companions, who came I know not whence,

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Rh but I supposed they must have been swimming about and I had not observed them; they all helped to push along the boat.

My astonishment at the strangeness of my position, pushed along in my boat by these tritons in bathing-drawers, helmets and spectacles, made me forget to use my oars, but the boat moved steadily onwards by their united efforts.

"Who, and what are you?" I exclaimed; but could get no satisfactory reply.

"Stop till you get ashore," one said; "you will then learn all about it." So I had to restrain my curiosity.

The few miles of sea were soon traversed, and my boat was pushed into a creek, the snow-white sand of which was overhung with a dense foliage of palms and other tropical trees, whose appearance was strange to me.

As soon as the boat stopped, I leaped out, right glad to touch terra firma once more. My attendants emerged from the water at the same time. They were six in number, and each, as he issued from the sea, plucked a broad palm-leaf and threw it over his shoulders. The one who had first assisted me, told me I must go along with them to the office of the Inspector.

A narrow path wound upwards from the beach through the dense forest composed of magnificent trees, many of which were laden with tempting fruit; among which I noticed plantains, oranges, pomegranates and bread-fruit. Among their branches, birds of exquisite plumage darted hither and thither, chattering to one another in discordant notes, uttering shrill cries, and now and then emitting sweet musical sounds.

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22 Shrubs laden with flowers of resplendent colours, of every shade of scarlet, crimson, yellow, blue and white, formed a thick undergrowth, while climbing plants threw their shoots and tendrils from trunk to trunk and branch to branch. The air teemed with insect life. Butterflies of gorgeous colours and flies of all sorts and sizes danced among the branches, and hovered in countless myriads about us as we walked. In fact, their attentions were extremely annoying, and I observed that each of my companions used a broad palm-leaf by way of flapper, to ward off their attacks.

The noise made by the feathered beauties, and the hum and buzz of the winged insects, rendered it utterly impossible for me to converse with my strange attendants; so we walked on without speaking until we arrived at the mouth of a cave or grotto, excavated, whether by nature or art I could not decide, in a precipitous rock that barred our further progress.

Entering this cave, which extended a considerable way into the hill, I was struck with its agreeable coolness compared with the broiling heat of the external air.

A portly personage, clad in a loose blue cotton robe, rose from a bed of green leaves at our entrance, and I was formally presented to him by my original captor, and given to understand that he was the Inspector we were in search of.

He seated himself at a table, strewed with large books and writing materials. He demanded my name, and questioned me as to whence I came, how I was wrecked, the name of the ship, of the captain, the number of passengers, the cargo, &c., &c., and cross-examined me minutely as to the circumstances

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Rh of my escape, and whether it was not possible that some of my fellow-passengers might also have been saved. He entered all the particulars in one of the large books, and when I, in return, questioned him as to the country I was now in, he said,—

"You will learn all about us and our country from the Instructor, to whom you will soon be introduced; but as you must now be hungry and tired, you shall have food and rest here till morning."

He dismissed my attendants, who speedily decamped and left me alone with the Inspector. He placed before me delicious fruits and some cooked meat of exquisite flavour and evidently most artistically prepared; but what animal it originally belonged to I was unable to say, nor did I care to ask my very laconic, not to say surly, entertainer. I fell to, and ate with great gusto. A few cocoa-nuts supplied me with a refreshing drink. I noticed that my host, after placing the food before me, retired to a distant part of the cave and did not once look at me while I was eating; in fact, he seemed rather to avoid seeing me eat. When I was completely satiated, I told him how well I had dined, to which he answered only by a sort of impatient grunt, and he conducted me to a bed of fresh leaves in a recess of the cave, and told me I might repose there as long as I chose.

I flung myself on the inviting couch, and wearied out with the exertions I had lately made and the excitement caused by all the strange events of this day of surprises, I soon fell into a profound sleep of which I stood greatly in need, as I had had but little rest since I had been so wonderfully rescued alone of all the crew and passengers of the ill-fated Precursor.

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T was bright day when I awoke next morning. I looked about me and found I was alone in the cavern, which I had now leisure to survey. Believing it to be the dwelling-place of the Inspector, I could not help noticing how scantily it was provided with the comforts we consider indispensable in a room. The table on which lay the writing materials and books, a few chairs, several couches of leaves similar to that I lay on, and a sort of cupboard whence my host had taken the food he set before me yesterday, were all I was able to discover. Two or three garments, similar to that he had worn, hung from pegs driven into the rock.

I had not been long risen when I saw approaching, by the path that led up from the beach, the Inspector, followed by a youth of about 17 or 18. Both were clad in the short trousers my conductors of the previous day wore, and a cloak of palm-leaves covered their shoulders. Their wet hair and skin showed me that they must have just emerged from the water, so I concluded that they had been enjoying a sea bath before breakfast, and I formed a high opinion of the decency of the inhabitants from the fact that all the

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Rh bathers I had met with wore drawers, a fashion that does not yet prevail universally in England.

The Inspector greeted me with a hearty "Good morning!" hoped I had slept well, and both immediately divested themselves of their leafy covering and proceeded to array themselves in the loose dressing-gown-like garments that hung from the pegs.

The Inspector directed his attendant to set on the table some food similar to what I had partaken of the day before, and desired me to take my breakfast. On my asking him if he would not sit down and join me, he replied by a very curt negative and a gesture of what I thought contempt. So I concluded either that he had breakfasted, that he was a vegetarian, or that he, had some religious objections to eat with a person who might not be of the same creed as himself.

While I was engaged in despatching, with infinite relish, the very succulent viands placed before me, commenting on their excellence in a manner which I thought would be pleasing to my entertainer, but which only seemed to excite his disgust; he, with his countenance averted, in order, as I supposed, to avoid looking at me eating, told me that his attendant would presently conduct me to the house of the Instructor, under whose care I should be placed. This person, he informed me, would give me all the information I desired respecting the manners and customs of the people I had come among, and endeavour to make me fit for mingling with the society of the country, which, he added, I was evidently far from being at present.

I was rather nettled at this at first, and felt disposed to tell him that I was accustomed to good society in my own country and had no fear but that I should be

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26 able to conduct myself with propriety in the very best society this country had to offer. But I thought it best to swallow my indignation in silence, as I felt convinced that this was some vulgar Jack-in-office whom it was not my interest to offend.

My repast finished, the boy, who answered to the name of Billy, led me by a winding path through the forest to the abode of the Instructor.

On emerging from the comparatively cool cavern, I was struck by the oppressive heat of the outside air, and as our way lay right through the tangled depths of the thick wood, I had leisure to admire the beautiful foliage of the trees and shrubs, the gorgeous colours of the flowers, the luscious profusion of the fruit, the gay plumage of the countless birds, and to feel the annoyance of the myriads of insects that buzzed and swarmed around us as we walked along, and whose attacks I could not entirely ward off, though I used a flapper like my companion.

On my remarking to Billy that I wondered to see how fresh and rosy he and all whom I had yet seen were, in spite of the terrible heat and the constant attacks of these venomous and irrepressible insects, he replied in what appeared to me at the time an enigmatical manner:—

"Bless your soul, no one stays here longer than he can help. I shall be off as soon as I have brought you to Mr Hamlet's."

"Off!" I said, "I suppose you mean you will go back to the cave."

"Oh, dear, no! not if I know it," replied Billy; "my business there is over for the day."

"Where on earth then will you go to avoid this stifling atmosphere?" I inquired.

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Rh "Nowhere on earth—yonder," pertly replied Billy, intimating by a movement of his head the direction of the sea.

I did not care to question him further, as he was so curt and saucy in his replies, but now walked on in silence, feeling assured that the mystery would soon be explained to me by the person to whom he was leading me. Besides, I felt too much overcome by the sultriness of the air and the annoyance of the flies to pursue my inquiries further at present.

After having sweltered on for about a mile and a half as well as I could, with parched mouth and perspiration dripping from every pore in my body, the forest abruptly terminated, and I found myself on the edge of a beautiful little bay, fringed with fine white coral sand and commanding an extensive view of the inland sea and of several of the other islands enclosed in it. The water was as clear and blue as sapphire. It lay within its enclosing reef as still and motionless as glass, though I could see there was a considerable swell on the ocean outside the reef, for every now and then a column of white foam was thrown up into the air, at different points of the reef, showing where the wave had broken on the encircling barrier.

Sea-birds of all kinds were wheeling in swift and mazy flight over the inland sea, but chiefly about the surrounding reef, where I could see clouds of them rising and falling, and swaying hither and thither, like midges on a summer evening at home.

The circumference of the bay was skirted all round by the same dense tangle of forest as that I had passed through, and the contrast of the dark trees, the white line of sand, and the blue water, with the cloudless

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28 canopy of heaven above, all formed a very charming picture.

About the centre of the curve of the bay stood the house of the Instructor, to which my guide now led me. It was entirely overgrown with creeping plants, so that it was unrecognisable as a human habitation from the outside.

Separating the depending branches of a beautiful broad-leaved creeper covered with large bell-shaped mauve-coloured flowers, we entered the house or grotto of the Instructor.

As there was no one within, I had time to look about me. The house consisted of a single room, built entirely of specimens of coral of the most beautiful shapes and delicate colours. The obscurity of the interior, when we entered from the dazzling glare outside, would have prevented me seeing anything, had not Billy touched a knob projecting from the wall, whereupon a light immediately appeared in the ceiling, which, from its brilliancy, I conjectured must be owing to electricity.

The purity of the light and its excessive brightness showed off the colours of the coral-built grotto in the greatest perfection. There were no windows, and the door by which we had entered was closed by nothing but the thick curtain formed by the hanging creeper. The furniture of the room consisted of two tables and some particularly comfortable easy chairs. A large bookcase, containing many volumes, occupied the entire of the far end of the room. I had the curiosity to look what kind of books formed the library of the important official I was about to see. I was surprised and pleased to observe that they consisted of some of our most recent English works

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