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Author:Agnes Repplier

Works

 * Philadelphia: The Place and the People (1898)
 * The Fireside Sphinx (1901)
 * In Our Convent Days (1905)
 * Germany and Democracy (1914; with J. William White)
 * To Think of Tea! (1932)
 * In Pursuit of Laughter (1936) a historical study of types of humor

Essay collections

 * Books and Men (1888)
 * Points of View (1891)
 * Essays in Miniature (1892)
 * Essays in Idleness (1893)
 * In the Dozy Hours and Other Papers (1894)
 * Varia (1897)
 * Compromises (1904)
 * A Happy Half-Century and Other Essays (1908)
 * Americans and Others (1912)
 * Counter-Currents (1916)
 * Points of Friction (1920)
 * Under Dispute (1924)
 * Times and Tendencies (1931)
 * Eight Decades: Essays and Episodes (1937)

Individual essays

 * "The Accursed Annual"
 * "Agrippina"
 * "The Album Amicorum"
 * "Allegra"
 * "Allies" (1924)
 * "The American Essay in War Time"
 * "The American Laughs" (1924)
 * "Americanism"
 * "Are Americans a Timid People?" (1924)
 * "At the Novelist's Table"
 * "Aut Cæsar"
 * "Battle of the Babies"
 * "The Battle-field of Education" (1924)
 * "The Beggar's Pouch"
 * "The Beloved Sinner"
 * "The Benefactor"
 * "Books that have Hindered Me"
 * "A By-Way in Fiction"
 * "Cakes and Ale"
 * "The Cavalier"
 * "The Charm of the Familiar"
 * "The Cheerful Clan"
 * "Children in Fiction"
 * "The Children's Age"
 * "The Children's Poets"
 * "Children"
 * "The Child"
 * "The Chill of Enthusiasm"
 * "Christianity and War"
 * "Comedy of the Custom House"
 * "The Condescension of Borrowers"
 * "Consecrated to Crime"
 * "Consolations of the Conservative"
 * "Conversation in Novels"
 * "The Correspondent" (1907)
 * "The Cost of Modern Sentiment"
 * "Cruelty and Humour"
 * "Curiosities of Criticism"
 * "A Curious Contention"
 * "The Customary Correspondent"
 * "Dead Authors"
 * "The Deathless Diary"
 * "The Decay of Sentiment"
 * "Dialogues"
 * " A Speculation"
 * "The Divineness of Discontent" (1924)
 * "An Easter Sermon"
 * "The Educator"
 * "English Love-Songs"
 * "English Railway Fiction"
 * "Ennui"
 * "Esoteric Economy"
 * "Essays in idleness/Words"
 * "The Estranging Sea"
 * "The Eternal Feminine"
 * "Fiction in the Pulpit"
 * "A Forgotten Poet"
 * "French Love-Songs"
 * "From the Reader's Standpoint"
 * "The Fête de Gayant"
 * "The Gayety of Life"
 * "Ghosts"
 * "Gifts"
 * "The Girl Graduate"
 * "Goodness and Gayety"
 * "The Greatest of These is Charity"
 * "The Grocer's Cat"
 * "Guests"
 * " A Protest"
 * "The Happiness of Writing an Autobiography" (1924)
 * "A Happy Half-Century"
 * "The Headsman"
 * "Humors of Gastronomy" (1891)
 * "The Idolatrous Dog" (1924)
 * "In Behalf of Parents"
 * "In the dozy hours"
 * "A Kitten"
 * "Lectures" (1894)
 * "Leisure"
 * "Letters"
 * "The Literary Lady"
 * "Literary Shibboleths"
 * "Little Pharisees in Fiction"
 * "Living in History"
 * "The Luxury of Conversation"
 * "Marriage in Fiction"
 * "The Masterful Puritan" (1924)
 * "The Mission of Humour"
 * "The Modest Immigrant"
 * "Money"
 * "Mr. Wilde's Intentions"
 * "The Nervous Strain"
 * "A Note on Mirrors"
 * "The Novel of Incident"
 * "The Novelist" (1908)
 * "Old Wine and New"
 * "Old World Pets"
 * "On the Benefits of Superstition"
 * "On the Slopes of Parnassus"
 * "Opinions"
 * "The Oppression of Notes"
 * "Our Accomplished Great-Grandmother"
 * "Our Belief in Books"
 * "Our Friends"
 * "Our Loss of Nerve"
 * "The Passing of the Essay"
 * " A Query"
 * "The Perils of Immortality"
 * "The Pietist" (1908)
 * "The Pilgrim's Staff"
 * "A Plea for Humor"
 * " a Heresy"
 * "The Point of View" (1902)
 * "Popular Education"
 * "The Praises of War"
 * "The Preacher at Large" (1924)
 * "The Promise of the Bell" (1924)
 * "A Quaker Diary" (1899)
 * "A Question of Politeness"
 * "The Repeal of Reticence"
 * "Reviewers and Reviewed"
 * "The Royal Road of Fiction"
 * "Saints or Spirits?" (1920)
 * "Scanderbeg"
 * "A Short Defence of Villains"
 * "Some Aspects of Pessimism"
 * "The Spinster"
 * "The Strayed Prohibitionist"
 * "Strayed Sympathies" (1924)
 * "Sympathy"
 * "The Temptation of Eve"
 * "They Had Their Day" (1924)
 * "Three Famous Old Maids"
 * "To Counsel the Doubtful" (1924)
 * "The Tourist"
 * "Travellers' Tales"
 * "Trials of a Publisher"
 * "The Virtuous Victorian"
 * "Waiting"
 * "War and the Child" (1917)
 * "What Children Read"
 * "When Lalla Rookh was Young"
 * "Wit and Humor"
 * "Woman Enthroned"
 * "Women and War"

Biographical studies

 * "Horace Howard Furness"
 * J. William White, M.D.: A Biography (1919)
 * Père Marquette: Priest, Pioneer and Adventurer (1929) (Jacques Marquette)
 * Mère Marie of the Ursulines: A Study in Adventure (1931) (Marie de l'Incarnation)
 * Junípero Serra:Pioneer Colonist of California (1933)
 * Agnes Irwin: A Biography (1934)

Poetry

 * "The Sphinx"
 * "St. Mona's Lambs"
 * "St. Winifred's Well"

Miscellaneous

 * "The Story of Molly Pitcher". The Red True Story Book, A. Lang ed.; H. J. Ford ill. 1895.
 * "Memoirs and Biographies" in Counsel upon the Reading of Books (1900)
 * "What is Patriotism?"
 * "The Russian Bogyman" in The Book of the Homeless (1916)
 * Note in A Book of Drawings by William Makepeace Thackeray: A series of metamorphoses made in Philadelphia, 1853, for the children of William B. Reed (The Pennell Club, 1925)

As editor

 * A Book of Famous Verse (1892)
 * For Remembrance: A little record of loyalty and fidelity made with much love by the Children of Eden (1901)
 * The Cat (1912)

Works about Repplier

 * "Agnes Repplier" by Harrison S. Morris (The Book Buyer, January 1894)
 * Agnes Repplier: Lady of Letters (1949) by George Stewart Stokes
 * Agnes Repplier: A Memoir (1957) by her niece Emma Repplier (Mrs. Lightner Witmer)

title: Author:Agnes Repplier


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88 ever waited on hungry little girls! I would have given a great deal could she have come back, cross-eyes and all, with her big basket of gingerbread to make me feel at home again, as I could not in the Visitors' dining-room where my goûter was set out on a neatly spread table, even though on one side of me was "Marie" of Our Convent Days, my friend who had been Prince of Denmark in our Booth-stricken period, and on the other Miss Repplier, the chronicler of our childish adventures. It was the first time we three had sat there together since more years than I am willing to count, and I think we were too conscious that youth now was no longer of the company not to feel the sadness as keenly as the pleasure of the reunion in our old home.

Goûter, with its associations, has sent me wandering far from the daily routine which ended, in the matter of meals, with a supper of meat and potatoes and I hardly know what, at half past six, when little Philadelphia girls were probably just finishing their cambric tea and bread-and-butter, and even the buns from Dexter's when these had been added as a special treat or reward. How could we, upon so much heavier fare, have seen things, how could we have looked upon life, just as those other little girls did?

V

We did not play, any more than we ate, like the child in Philadelphia or its suburbs. One memory of our playtime I have common to all Philadelphia children of my

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 {| 1
 * VOLUME
 * }

HUGO GERNSBACK, F.R.S., Editor

DR. T. O'CONOR SLOANE, M. A., Ph.D.; Associate Editor

Editorial and General Offices---53 Park Place, New York, N. Y.

By HUGO GERNSBACK, F.R.S.

HE first issue of AMAZING STORIES has been on the newsstands only about a week, as we go to press with this, the second issue of the magazine; yet, even during this short time, we have been deluged with an avalanche of letters of approval and constructive criticism from practically every section of the country, except the West—as we have not yet had time to hear from it.

We hereby take this medium to thank all our friends for their kind wishes and willingness to cooperate with us. We sincerely regret that we cannot answer each and every letter individually. There are simply too many letters—and we feel that our readers would rather we utilize our efforts in the improvement of the magazine.

After all, it is your paper, and we are striving hard to please you. Judging from the various comments, the first issue of AMAZING STORIES was just about right—the stories pleased and the length of the shorter stories and the division of the long ones seemed satisfactory.

And it was with a feeling of gratification that we noted the almost unanimous condemnation of the so-called "sex-appeal" type of story that seems so much in vogue in this country now. Most of our correspondents seemed to heave a great sigh of relief in at last finding a literature that appeals to the imagination, rather than carrying a sensational appeal to the emotions. It is that which justifies our new venture—our expenditure of time and money.

The letters, extracts from which are printed below, seem to best express the general trend of opinion.

Mr. George W. Anderson, of Fairmount, W. Va., in addition to giving us a good suggestion, says: "Print all scientific facts as related in the stories, in italics. This will serve to more forcefully drive home the idea upon which you have established your magazine. Personally, when I have some such system blazing forth before my eyes I am inclined to stop and consider what I have learned, for future reference."

A. Lee Gladwin, of Ames, Iowa, writes: "‥‥Amazing Stories is entertaining and has food for thought that no other fiction work could begin to compete with."

Raymond E. Dickens, Air Mail Radio Station, Iowa City, Iowa, says:

"I can read these stories over several times and each time get something new from them."

Michael H. Kay, Brooklyn, N, Y., says: "You will generally find that when one has read your magazine he will become so enthusiastic, so elated over his discovery, that he will deem it a pleasure to extol its virtues to his friends. Even now my wife is anxiously waiting for me to finish this first issue, so that she may read it herself."

Lack of space precludes adding to the list indefinitely.

As to the future: Some very valuable suggestions were made—upon which we have acted. There was quite a demand for "Dr. Hackensaw's Secrets." Acting upon this demand, we will, beginning with our next issue, print new and hitherto unpublished Dr. Hackensaw stories. We have a good many of these famous stories by Clement Fezandié. Again, a good many of our readers want some of the stories of Edgar Rice Burroughs. Accordingly, we have contracted for some, to be published in the future. Among the newer works of which we have acquired the publication rights are: "Die Macht der Drei" (The Might of the Three), one of the greatest—and perhaps the greatest—recent scientifiction story; and "Feuer am Nordpol" (The North Pole Fire). Both these works were published in Germany.

We also obtained the rights to an excellent radio story—one of the finest that has ever been written—"Station X", by G. MacLeod Winsor.

"The Messiah of the Cylinder", by Victor Rousseau is another tremendous story, and then, of course, there is H. G. Wells, with his "The War in the Air."

There is only one thing that troubles us now: we have more good stories to publish than we have space in which to publish them. And here is where you can help. During the next three or four months it is our intention to enlarge the magazine, but only an increased circulation can make this possible. You can do your share by making the magazine known among your friends. If you like AMAZING STORIES, your friends will probably like it too.

If each one of you who reads this could get one friend to buy the next issue of AMAZING STORIES, we would immediately be able to increase the size of the magazine fifty per cent, and thereby give you more material.

The success of AMAZING STORIES is entirely in your hands. We shall do our part—we pledge ourselves to do everything to merit your confidence.


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Rh generation: the memory of Signor Blitz, on a more than usually blissful Reverend Mother's Feast, taking rabbits out of our hats and bowls of gold-fish out of his sleeve, and holding a long conversation with the immortal Bobby, the most prodigious puppet that ever conversed with any professional ventriloquist. But this was a rare ecstasy never repeated.

What games the children in Rittenhouse Square and the Lanes of Germantown had, I cannot record, but of one thing I am sure: they did not go to the tune and the words of "Sur le pont d' Avignon," or "Qu' est-ce qui passe ici si tard," or "Il était un avocat." Nor, I fancy, were "Malbrough s'en va-t'en guerre" and "Au clair de la lune, mon ami Pierrot," the songs heard in the Philadelphia nursery. Nor is it likely that "C'est le mois de Marie," which we sang as lustily all through May as the devout in France sing it in every church and every cathedral from one end of their land to the other, was the canticle of pious little Catholic children celebrating the month of Mary at St. Joseph's or St. Patrick's. Nor outside the Convent could the Bishop on his pastoral rounds have been welcomed with the "Vive! Vive! Vive! Monseigneur au Sacré Coeur, Quel Bonheur!" which, the title appropriately changed, was our form of welcome to every distinguished visitor. And, singing these songs and canticles, how could the associations and memories we were laying up for ourselves be the same as those of Philadelphia children whose ears and voices were trained on "Juanita"


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92 and "Listen to the Mocking Bird," or, it may be, "Marching through Georgia" and "Way down upon the Swanee River"? These things may make subtle distinctions, but they are distinctions that can never be overcome or outgrown.

In study hours, as in playtime and at meals, we were seldom long out of this French atmosphere. French class was only shorter than English. If we were permitted to talk at breakfast, it was not at all that we might amuse ourselves, but that we might practise our French which did not amuse us in the least. Many of the nuns were French, often, it is true, French from Louisiana or Canada, but their English was not one bit more fluent on that account. Altogether, there was less of Philadelphia than of France in the discipline, the devotions, and the relaxations of the Convent.

VI

But, of all the differences, the most fundamental, I think, came from the fact that the Convent was a Convent and taught us to accept the conventual, the monastic interpretation of life. We were there in, not only a French, but a cloistered atmosphere—the atmosphere that Philadelphia least of all towns could understand. The Friends had attained to peace and unworldliness by staying in their own homes and fulfilling their duty as fathers and mothers of families, as men and women of business. But the nuns


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Rh


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Rh saw no way to achieve this end except by shutting themselves out of the world and avoiding its temptations. The Ladies of the Sacred Heart are cloistered. They leave the Convent grounds only to journey from one of their houses to another, for care is taken that they do not, by staying over long in one school, form too strong an attachment to place or person. Where would be the use of being a nun if you were not made to understand the value of sacrifice? Their pupils are, for the time, as strictly cloistered. Not for us were the walks abroad by which most girls at boarding school keep up with the times—or get ahead of them. We were as closely confined to the Convent grounds as the nuns, except during the holidays or when a friend or relation begged for us a special outing. It was not a confinement depending on high stone walls and big gates with clanging iron chains and bars. But the wood fences running with the board walk above the railroad and about the woods and the fields and the gardens made us no less prisoners—willing and happy prisoners as we might be, and were. This gave us, or gave me at any rate, a curious idea of the Convent as a place entirely apart, a place that had nothing to do with the near town or the suburb in which it stood—a blessed oasis in the sad wilderness of the world.

There is no question that, as a result, I felt myself in anticipation a stranger in the wilderness into which I knew I must one day go from the oasis, and in which I used


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Page:Scientific American - Series 1 - Volume 001 - Issue 01.pdf/2

Patrons and Friends:

Having the pleasure of again appearing before you, though under a new title, and in new dress, we may be expected to advance some remarks on things in general, and particularly on the subject of our motives, intentions and prospects. Since the discontinuance of the "American Mechanic"—the "Elevator" of Cincinnati, "American Protector" of Hartford, and "N. Y. State Mechanic" of Albany, having previously retired,—we have been frequently solicited by enterprising mechanics, and others, to engage in the publication of a new scientific paper, for the advancement of more extensive intelligence in Arts and Trades in general, but more particularly in the several new, curious and useful arts, which have but recently been discovered and introduced. We have, moreover, received communications from various sections of the country, and especially from the South and West, expressing the opinion that a paper of this description was wanted, and would be well received and extensively patronized, if once introduced. With this encouragement, we have made arrangements to furnish the intelligent and liberal workingmen, and those who delight in the development of those beauties of Nature, which consist in the laws of Mechanics, Chemistry, and other branches of Natural Philosophy—with a paper that will instruct while it diverts or amuses them, and will retain its excellence and value, when political and ordinary newspapers are thrown aside and forgotten.

In conducting this publication, we shall endeavour to avoid all expressions of sentiment, on any sectional, sectarian, or political party subject; but shall exercise a full share of independence, in the occasional exposure of ignorance and knavery, especially when we find them sheltered by arrogance and aristocracy. We shall present no gloomy catalogues of crime and depravity, believing that the cause of neither happiness nor morality will thereby be promoted;—our object being to please and enlighten. We shall advocate the pure Christian religion, without favouring any particular sect; and shall make it a point to adhere to reason and common sense, independently of the opinions of those, whose interests and popularity depend on their rigid adherence to traditional doctrines, and church creeds.

With these sentiments and intentions, respected Friends and 'Sovereign People', and with full confidence in your good-will and generous support—not in the least doubting, however, that you will consult your own interests quite as much as ours in the matter—we commend to your favour and patronage the ".".

We shall send copies of our first number to several of our most respected cotemporariescontemporaries [sic], and would solicit their aid in notifying the mechanics of their vicinities, of the existence of the S. American. Those who will give our advertisement (head of our first page,) an insertion in their columns, shall be entitled to two copies of our paper, by which they will each have one copy to preserve and another to clip, as occasion may require; or, if they prefer it, we will send a dollar in cash for the insertion. Those who may volunteer to act as agents for this paper, may retain of the money received, 25 cents as commission, for each subscriber obtained.

—Three dollars per volume is offered for the first volume of the "New York Mechanic," complete, and 25 cents per number, for several of the early numbers, by those who neglected to subscribe for the work in season to secure the first numbers. Thus it will be with the Scientific American; hundreds of people will wish for it in vain, when the first numbers are out. In anticipation of this circumstance, we shall print a few hundred more copies than are as yet ordered; but not more than will probably be taken up in two or three weeks.

—We have often observed in sectarian papers, a general request that all clergymen of the same denomination, should act as agents for the paper; and by such means some papers have attained to an immense circulation. Not having any similar available advantage, we would solicit the favour of every honest mechanic who may recieve this paper, to use his influence in our favour, and induce as many more as possible to subcribe for it. All favours of this kind will be duly appreciated.

who may receive this number, are requested to present it to some mechanic who will pay its postage, and shew the paper to others. Any Postmaster who may procure and forward the names of three subscribers, will be entitled to the volume free.

—Every person who looks at this paper, is particularly requested to examine our advertisement at the head of the first column, on the first page.

This mammoth of the ocean, which has recently arrived from liverpool, has created much excitement here as well as in Europe; being in fact the greatest maratime curiosity ever seen in our harbour. She was built by the Great Western Steam-Ship Company, at Bristol, England. Her Keel was laid in July, 1839, and she was launched in July, 1844, with her engines and machinery on board. She is composed entirely of iron, which renders her perfectly safe against accidnts by fier, and even an explosion of her steam-boilers could not sink her, as she is divided into five different compartments, each being thoroughly water-tight, so that in case of accident even one perfect division would float the vessel and cargo. The length of the keel is 290 feet; total length 322 feet; beams 51 feet; depth 32 feet 6 inches. She has four decks, the upper one being flush, and is 308 feet long; the second deck consists of tow promenade saloons, one of which is 110 feet long by 22 wide. The third deck consists of dining saloons, the first of which is 96 by 30 feet. The saloons are 8 feet 3 inches high and surrounded with berts, of which there are sufficint to accomodate 252 persons. Her burden is 3,600 tons, and her engines are cpable of working 1,000 horse powers. She has four engines united, which with the boilers, weigh 540 tons. The main shaft is 28 inches in diameter in the centre, and 24 inches in the bearings, and weighs nearly 16 tons. The power of the engines is applied to a single submerged propeller, on the screw principle, and 15 feet 6 inches in diameter. The engines and boilers occupy a space of 80 feet in the middle portion of the vessel; the boilers are heated by 24 fires, and will contain 2,00 tons of water. She has six masts, four of which are hinged for lowering when head winds set in; the masts are made of iron, having iron wire rigging, so that very little surface is presented to the resistance of the atmosphere; the quantity of canvass carried, is about 4,900 square yards. Upwards of 1,500 tons of iron have been used in her construction; her draught of water is about 16 feet, and the displacement of water equal to 3,200 tons.

The Great Britain was visited while at Leverpool by 33,000 persons, and probably bby an equal number at London. During the few days since her arrival at New York, she has been visited by about 12,000 people, who have paid 25 cents for the gratification. If there is any thing objectional in the construction or machinery of this noble ship, it is the mode of propelling her by the screw propeller; and we should not be surprised if it should be, ere long, superceded by paddle wheels at the sides; as there can be little doubt that such an improvement would increase her speed to 18 miles per hour, and render her the swiftest ship on the ocean.

The science of mechanics, in its most extensive sense embraces a large proportion of what is termed Natural Philosophy, or the system of laws which govern the various operations of Nature. t investigages the laws and effects of Inertia, force, motion, momenum, equilibrium, gravity, &c.

Inertia is that which constitutes in all bodies or substances, a tendency when at rest, to remain at rest; and when in motion to continue in motion independent of any force or power. But as every moving body is supposed to have been put in motion by some moving power, its inertia in this case becomes momentum.

Illustration.—If a round ball is placed on a table that is perfectly level, it will remain a rest, and will require the application of power or force to put it in motion; but when this ball is put in motion, it will require some resistance to stop its motion.

Gravity is that property which consists in all bodies a tendency to move towards each other, and especially, towards the centre of the earth; it is always in direct proportion to inertia. Gravity is generally considered to be merely the attraction of the earth; it consists of the force by which bodie descend towards the earth when suspended, or are let go from a height; and this force constitutes weight.

Illustration.—If a ball be suspended by a cord, it will uniformly hold the cord in a position at right angles with the surface of the earth. If the point from which the ball is suspended be fixed, and the ball be removed any distance from its natural position, it will, when liberated, return to its natural position directly under the point of suspension; but in this instance, it will not readily stop at the point of its natural position; but having received an impulse from the force of gravity, its momentum will force it some distance beyond the given point, until this momentum is again overcome by gavity: then gravity again impels it in a contrary direction, and i is again carried beyond by its inertia. Thus a vibratory motion is for some time continued, before the ball becomes stationary. Here are illustrated by one example, Gravity, Inertia, Motion and Momentum.

—Being practically acquainted with every branch of painting, from the plainest house and ship-work, to the finest miniature portraits, we propose to give in a series of numbers, complete instructions in every branch, including the mosaic and fresco landscape in oil, transparencies, carriage ornamenting, sign lettering, claro-obscuro, glass-staining, perspective, portrait, and miniature gilding, burnishing, varnishing, &c. We shall be particularly explicit with regard to the preparation of colors, and execution of plain work, that many of thos who have had no instruction, may be enabled to accomplish small jobs in this line occasionally, for their own amusement or convenience.

—Our subscribers who receive their papers by mail, will remit one dollar each by mail on the receipt of the second number of this paper. Those who reside in cities, will pay to such agents only as may produce written authority from the publisher, to collect the same. This rule, however, will not interfere with those voluntary agents who may procure a few subscribers amongst their associates and acquaintance, and remit the money by mail.

We propose to give, in a series of brief essays, such explanations and illustrations of the principles and peculiarities of the science of chemistry as may be the most immediately applicable to the arts and trades, the most seful to mechanics, and the most interesting to the curious, and readers in general.

Chemistry developes the composition and properties of bodies, and the combination of the various ingredients of which they are composed; also, the effects of one substance on another, and the art of decomposing, recomposing separating and combining them, in such a manner as to examine minutely the several ingredients of which bodies are composed, and by new combinations thereof, to form or produce other substances entirely different from the original. There is no art or science by which a man can accomplish a work of creation with so much verity, as by chemistry. Liquids are changed to solids, and dry substances to liquids, and then again to air or gasses. Metallic bodies are reduced to earths; thsnce to transparent crystals or glass; thence to transparent liquids, and next to thin air, whence they may be again precipitated and restored to their original brilliant metallic state. From a limpid fluid, licke water, a chemist will produce a marble statue; a silver urn; an iron bolt; or a glass decanter; also, paints of various brilliant and durable colors, such as vermillion, prussian blue, chrome yellow, french green, spanish brown, red lead, and white lead. The precious metals, gold and silver, are extracted from the lustreless rock, and appear in dazzling brilliancy; again, they are made to take the form of transparent fluid, or in the more invisible gaseous form, float off in the passing breeze. Such is chemistry; and we fel assured that this sublime and interesting science would not be long neglected by mechanics and working men, if they could first be made aware of the utility of a knowledge of its principles, and the beauties and wonders fo nature which are thereby brought to view.

This wonder of the age, which has for several months past been in operation between Washington and Baltimore, appears likely to come into general use through the length and breadth of our land. Arrangements are already made for extending the lines to Philadelphia, New York, Albany, Bulffalo, Springfield, Boston, and various other cities and sections. Hon. Amos Kendall, Ex-Post-master General, has taken the management of the invention,—whether as proprietor or agent we are not informed,—while the inventor is on a tour to Russia. We shall take an early opportunity to give our readers a full and minute description of this invention, with explanations and illustrations of its principles; but in consequence of the press and variety of matter which presses on this our first number, we are constrained to defer it. We will add the remark, however, that it is contemplated by the merchants of our Western states, to communicate their orders for goods, &c. by means of the telegraph, instead of abiding the slow and tedious progress of rail-road cars.

—The proposition in our first prospectus, relating to furnishing joint stock certificates, appears to have met with perfect indifference. We do not know of one subscriber who appears to regard it as of any consequence. We intend making the experiment, however, and shal furnish certificates as proposed.

—M. Martiner has stated to the French Academy of Science, that he has discovered the means of carrying on the Daguerreotype process on a gigantic scale, as compared whith what is now done. He can, he says, Daguerreotype an entire panorama, enbracing 150 degrees. His process consists in curving the metallic plate, and causing the lens which reflects the landscape to turn by clock-work. The lens, in turning, passes over on one side the whole space to be Daguerreotyped, and on the other side moves the refracted luminous cone to the plate, to which the objects are successively conveyed.

Mr. Joseph Hurd, of Shoreham, Vt. has secured Letters Patent, for an apparatus for separating or clarifying liquids by application of centrifugal force. It is a well-known fact that mucilage or sugar, as well as mineral and saline substances, have a greater specific gravity than water, though the particls thereof, will not readily separate from water by mere force of gravity: but when a mixed fluid, or turbid water is put into a violent rotary motion, in a cask or cylinder, the centrifugal force will drive the heavier particles to the side of the vessel, while the clear water remains in the centre.

, completed by Mr. PHilip Ault, of Natches is composed of a wire cylinder within a box, in which revolves a shaft with arms capped with rails; from the rails spikes or pins project, which separate the locks containing the seeds from each other, knock out the trash and dust, and pass the cleaned cotton over the cylinder down into the gin stand. The shaft is driven by the same power that drives the gin requiring but little force. It is a valuable assistant to the Planter.

.—There is no end to the many valuable objects to which India Rubber may be applied. A new one has been discovered, and that is the inner sheathing of ships, where sheathing paper is now used in small sheets and where this new rubber can be applied in wid strips extending the entire length of the vessel. The rubber being indestructibl and mpervious to water, renders it an additional means of preventing leaks, while sand spread over it puts an end to all ravages of insects that infest salt water.

.—A. M. Groat is about introducing a Gin for long staple Sea Island cotton. It is expected to clean at least, 100 pounds per day, whereas the gins now in use will clean only about 25 pounds. The seed is separated without breaking.

A new machine for breaking stone, has been lately constructed at Brooklyn. Its construction is on the principle of a large hammer or beater, operated by a moveable steam-engine. It is intended for the West Indies, to be used in McAdamizing roads.

☞We would invite our readers to look at the advertisement headed "Rare Project." There is real benevolence to men, in the plan proposed. As success must attend some of the inventions, and much gain may follow at little risk, it commends itself to all who desire human improvement. We gladly commend, not only the project, but also the company, as worthy the confidence of the public.

A correspondent of the St. Louis Republican having been bitten by a mad dog, was cured by drinking a decoction of the bark of the common black ash.

The paddle wheels of the U. S. Steam Frigate Mississippi, are so constructed that they can be diminished in diameter if necessary, by shortening the arms.

It is stated in one of the fashionable city papers that "there are 190 doctors is Boston, more than there are patients." It must be a healthy place.

The Mount Savage Railroad Iron Company, is turning out 100 tons of railroad bars per day, and is adding much larger facilities to its works.

The Mastadon Skeleton, lately discovered in New Jersey, and being exhibited in this city, is 23 feet in length and 11 feet high. It is diverse from the elephant, and appears to have been carnivorous.

An ancient Elm which still flourishes within three miles of Providence, R. I. measures 36 feet in circumference, 12 feet from the ground. The circumference of the top is over 300 feet.

The Pittsburg Age says that there are now in progress of erection, in and near that city, twenty six furnaces, which will turn off between seventy-five and one hundred tons of iron per day.

It is decided by the logical schools that Pussyism is derived from catechism, while puppyism comes from dogmatism;—that makes the difference.

A company has been formed at Portsmouth, N. H., who intend erecting a steam cotton factory to carry twenty thousand spindles, which is to be put under contract immediately.

The Picayune has a story of a rattlesnake that swallowed a mole; but the mole would not stay swallowed, but gnawed his way out, thus killing the snake, and was off.

There is much talk about introducing electro-magnetic light, as a substitute for oil or gas: when we learn more about it, we shall be free to communicate particulars.

The Royal Printing Office of France possesses fonts of type in upwards of one hundred different languages, and is still receiving extensive additions.

The egg trade of Cincinnati, the past year amounted to 24,191 barrels,—2,176,333 dozens, or 26,116,000 eggs:—sufficient to cover twenty-five acres of ground.

It is contemplated to establish a steamboat ferry immediately below the great falls of Niagora, which will give visitors a great advantage in viewing the cataract.

The shares in the stock of the New River Company of London, which were at first sold at £100, are now worth £15,000 each.

The Amoskeag (N. H.) Manufacturing Company have declared a semi-annual dividend of ten percent.; yet leaving a reserved fund of $600,000.

In the town of Eden, Me., there is owned a schr. called the 'Garden,' and which is commanded by Capt. Adam Wilkins. Thus Adam yet holds command over the Garden of Eden.

In the county of Cayuga, N. Y., resides ninety-three "old revolutioners," or soldiers of the revolution. These veterans were all invited to participate in the celebration of the 4th ult.

Several springs have been recently discovered in Genesee county, the waters of which are acidulated nearly to the degree of lemonade. The acid is the sulphuric.

One of Morris's engines, of 18 tons, has lately hauled over the Reading Railroad seven hundred and fifty tons, at one load. This engine should be called the Samson.

One of the factory girls of Lowell, has earned $3,750 in the mills of that place, of which she has saved $2000, besides applying $1,150 to the support of her parents.

There is to be several railroad tunnels made and extended under the city of London during the present season. So writes Willis.

Boston, according to the new census, contains nearly 129,000 inhabitants, showing an increase of 26,000 within the last five years.

It is estimated that there are now in progress of erection within the limits of Pennsylvania, at least one hundred new iron furnaces.

A slave in Charlestown, S. C., recently, at the imminent risk of his own life, plunged into the rapid current of the river, and saved the life of a small white boy, who had fallen in and was drowning.

No less than 282,599,000 tons of coal have been transported over one railroad, from the Schuylkill regions, this season, up to the 9th inst.

The town of New Bedford, Mass., contains wealth enough to divide $1,000 each to every man, woman and child within its limits.

Have the courage to pay a debt, while you have the money at command. Have the courage to wear your old coat till you can pay for a new one.


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94 to imagine I should be as much of an exile as the Children of Israel in the desert. Of course I was not quite that when the time came, but that for an interval I was convinced I must be explains how unlike in atmosphere the Convent was to Eleventh and Spruce.

In all sorts of little ways I was confirmed in this belief by life and its duties at the Convent. For all that concerned me nearly, for all that was essential to existence here below, Philadelphia seemed to me as remote as Timbuctoo. I got insensibly to think of myself first not as a Philadelphian, not as an American, but as a "Child of the Sacred Heart,"—the first question under all circumstances was what I should do, not as a Philadelphian, but as a Child of the Sacred Heart.

I cannot say how much the mere name of the thing represented—the honour and the privilege—and there was not a girl who had been for any time a pupil who did not prize it as I did. And we were not given the chance to forget or belittle it. We were impressed with the importance of showing our appreciation of the distinction Providence had reserved for us—of showing it not merely by our increased faith and devotion, but by our bearing and conduct. We might be slack about our lessons. That was all right at a period when slackness prevailed in girls' schools and it was unfeminine, if not unladylike, to be too learned. But we were not let off from the diligent cultivation of our manners. Our faith and devotion were attended to in a daily half hour of religious instruction.


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Rh But Sunday was not too holy a day for the Politeness Class that was held every week as surely as Sunday came round, in which we were taught all the mysteries of a Deportment that might have given tips to the great Turveydrop himself,—how to sit, how to walk, how to carry ourselves under all circumstances, how to pick up a handkerchief a passer-by might drop—an unspeakable martyrdom of a class when each unfortunate student, in turn, went through her paces with the eyes of all the school upon her and to the sound of the stifled giggles of the boldest. We never met one of our mistresses in the corridors that we did not drop a laboured curtsey—a shy, deplorably awkward curtsey when I met the Reverend Mother, Mother Boudreau, a large, portly, dignified nun from Louisiana and a model of deportment, who inspired me with a respectful fear I never have had for any other mortal. We could not answer a plain "Yes" or "No" to our mistresses, but the "Madam" must always politely follow. "Remember" was a frequent warning, "remember that wherever, or with whom, you may be, to behave like children of the Sacred Heart!" A Child of the Sacred Heart, we were often told, should be known by her manners. And so impressed were we with this precept that I remember a half-witted, but harmless, elderly woman whom the nuns, in their goodness, had kept on as a "parlour boarder" after her school days were over, telling us solemnly that when she was in New York and went out shopping with her sister, the young men behind the counter at Stewart's


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98 would all look at her with admiring eyes and whisper to each other, "Is it not easy to see that Miss C. is a Child of the Sacred Heart?"

Seriously, the training did give something that nothing else could, and an admirable training it was for which girls to-day might exchange more than one brain-bewildering course at College and be none the worse for it. In my own case, I admit, I should not mind having had more of the other training, as it has turned out that my work in life is of the sort where a quick intelligence counts for more than an elegant deportment. But I can find no fault with the Convent for neglect. Girls then were not educated to work. If you had asked any girl anywhere what was woman's mission, she would have answered promptly—had she been truthful—"to find a husband as soon as possible;" if she were a Convent girl,—a Child of the Sacred Heart—she would have added, "or else to become a nun." Her own struggles to fit herself for any other career the inconsiderate Fates might drive her into, so far from doing her any harm, were the healthiest and most bracing of tonics. Granted an average mind, she could teach herself through necessity just the important things school could not teach her through a routine she didn't see the use of. She emerged from the ordeal not only heroically but successfully, which was more to the point. A young graduate from Bryn Mawr said to me some few days ago that when she looked at her mother and the women


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Rh of her mother's generation and realized all they had accomplished without what is now called education, she wondered whether the girls of her generation, who had the benefit of all the excess of education going, would or could accomplish more, or as much. To tell the truth, I wonder myself. But then it may be said that I, belonging to that older generation, am naturally prejudiced.

VII

There are moments when, reflecting on all I lost as a Philadelphian, I am half tempted to regret my long years of seclusion, busy about my soul and my manners, at the Convent. A year or so would not have much mattered one way or the other. I led, however, no other life save the Convent life until I was seventeen. I knew no other standpoint save the Convent standpoint.

But the temptation to regret flies as quickly as it comes. I loved the life too well at the time, I love it too well in the retrospect, to have wanted then, or to want now, to do without it. It was a happy life to live, though I would not have been a school girl had I not, with the school girl's joy in the morbid, liked nothing better than to pose as the unhappiest of mortals—to be a school girl was to be misunderstood I would have vowed, had I, in my safe oasis, ever heard the expression or had the knowledge to guess at its meaning. I loved every stone in the house, brown and ugly as every stone might be, I loved every


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102 tree in the woods whether or no it dropped pleasant things to devour, I loved every hour of the day whatever might be its task. I had a quick memory, study was no great trouble to me, and I enjoyed every class and recitation. I enjoyed getting into mischief—I wore once only the Ribbon for Good Conduct—and I enjoyed being punished for it. In a word, I got a good deal out of my life, if it was not exactly what a girl was sent to school to get. And it is as happy a life to remember, with many picturesque graces and absurdities, joys and sorrows, that an uninterrupted existence at Eleventh and Spruce could not have given.

I have no desire to talk sentimental nonsense about my school days having been my happiest. That sort of talk is usually twaddle. It was not as school that I loved the Convent, though as school it had its unrivalled attractions; it was as home. When the time came to go from it I suffered that sharp pang felt by most girls on leaving home for school. I remember how I, who affected a sublime scorn for the cry-baby, blubbered like one myself when I was faced with the immediate prospect of life in Philadelphia. How well I recall my despair—how vividly I see the foolish scene I made in the empty Refectory, shadowy in the dusk of the June evening, where I was rehearsing the valedictory of the Graduating Class which I had been chosen to recite, and where, after the first few lines I broke down to my shame, and sniffled and gurgled and sobbed in the lap of the beloved mistress who was


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Rh doing her best to comfort me, and also to keep me from disgracing her, as I should have done by any such scene on the great day itself.

If the Convent stands for so much in my memory, it would be ungrateful to regret the years I spent in it. The sole reason would be my loss, not as a student, but as a Philadelphian, for this loss was the price I paid. But the older I grow, the better I realize that to the loss I owe an immeasurable gain. For as a child I never got so accustomed to Philadelphia as not to see it at all. The thing we know too well is often the thing we see least clearly, or we should not need the philosopher to remind us that that is best which nearest lieth. All through my childhood and early youth I saw Philadelphia chiefly from the outside, and so saw it with more awe and wonder and lasting delight than those Philadelphians who, in childhood and early youth, saw it only from the inside,—too near for it to come together into the picture that tells.


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title: Our Philadelphia/Chapter 4


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CHAP. X Charles's consent to retire to Monte Cassino. He was of the Lombard race, like another favourite of Charles, Paulinus of Aquileia. From Spain, apparently, came Theodulphus, by descent a Goth, and reputed the most elegant Latin versifier of his time. Charles made him Bishop of Orleans. A little later, Einhart the Frank appears, who was to be the emperor's secretary and biographer. Likewise came certain sons of Erin, among them such a problematic poet as he who styled himself "Hibernicus Exul"—not the first or last of his line!

These belonged to the generation about the emperor. Belonging to the next generation, and for the most part pupils of the older men, were Abbot Smaragdus, grammarian and didactic writer; the German, Rabanus Maurus, Abbot of Fulda and, against his will, Archbishop of Mainz, an encyclopaedic excerpter and educator, primus praeceptor Germaniae; his pupil was Walafrid Strabo, the cleverest putter-together of the excerpt commentary, and a pleasing poet. In Lorraine at the same time flourished the Irishman, Sedulius Scotus, and in the West that ardent classical scholar, Servatus Lupus, Abbot of Ferrières, and Agobard, Bishop of Lyons, a man practical and hard-headed, with whom one may couple Claudius, Bishop of Turin, the opponent of relic-worship. One might also mention those theological controversialists, Radbertus Paschasius and Ratramnus, Hincmar, the great Archbishop of Rheims, and Gottschalk, the unhappy monk, ever recalcitrant; at the end John Scotus Eriugena should stand, the somewhat too intellectual Neo-Platonic Irishman, translator of Pseudo-Dionysius, and announcer of various rationalizing propositions for which men were to look on him askance.

There will be occasion to speak more particularly of a number of these men. They were all scholars, and interested in the maintenance of elementary Latin education as well as in theology. They wished to write good Latin, and sometimes tried for a classical standard, as Einhart did in his Vita Caroli. Few of them refrained from verse, for they were addicted to metrical compositions made of borrowed classic phrase and often of reflected classic sentiment, sometimes prettily composed, but usually insipid, and in the

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User:CaptainHarlock

Wikipedian from India

title: User:CaptainHarlock


text:
Portal:The Bible

Translations of the Bible

 * Bible, list of translations of the Bible into English
 * Portal:Biblioþēce, works related to the translation of Biblical texts into Old English
 * The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth by Thomas Jefferson, an adapted version of the Bible with supernatural elements removed

Tanakh / Old Testament
These books form the Hebrew / Jewish biblical canon, and are also the uncontested books of the Christian Old Testament.

New Testament
These books are non-canonical to Judaism, but are part of the biblical canon of all mainstream Christian denominations, including Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox churches.

Deuterocanonicals / Apocrypha
These books are part of the biblical canon in some Christian denominations, but are rejected by other denominations. In particular these works are generally either accepted by Catholic and Orthodox churches but rejected by Protestants, or are canonical in the Ethiopian Orthodox church but rejected in all other mainstream denominations.

Some denominations, such as the Church of England, consider these books to be valuable religious writings despite not considering them to be part of biblical canon.

Pseudepigrapha
These books have been listed among the biblical canon in some historical writings, but are not considered canonical by any contemporary Christian denomination.

About the Bible

 * Biblical Libraries
 * Encyclopaedia Biblica
 * Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar
 * Observations upon the Prophecies of Daniel
 * Is the Bible Indictable?, c. 1877, by Annie Besant
 * Biblical Biology, 1884 by Annie Besant
 * Woman's Position According to the Bible, 1885 by Annie Besant
 * The Old Testament in the Jewish Church
 * Illustrated Bible Dictionary, 1893 by Matthew George Easton
 * Easton's Bible Dictionary, 1897 by Matthew George Easton (unsourced)
 * Some Mistakes of Moses, 1879 by Robert Green Ingersoll
 * Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible, 1700s by Matthew Henry
 * Woman and the Bible, by Josephine Kirby Henry, 1905
 * Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
 * A General Survey of the History of the Canon of the New Testament, 7th edition, 1896, by Brooke Foss Westcott
 * A General Survey of the History of the Canon of the New Testament, 7th edition, 1896, by Brooke Foss Westcott
 * A General Survey of the History of the Canon of the New Testament, 7th edition, 1896, by Brooke Foss Westcott

People in the Bible

 * Portal:Twelve Apostles

Wikisource

 * WikiProject Wiki Bible
 * Biblecontents

title: Portal:The Bible


text: The Hundred Best Poems (lyrical) in the English language - second series/Sir Galahad


text: The Hundred Best Poems (lyrical) in the English language - second series/On the Extinction of the Venetian Republic


text: The Hundred Best Poems (lyrical) in the English language - second series/London, 1802


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 orders to take station ahead, and at 6.20 he led the line, "bringing his squadron into action ahead in a most inspiring manner, worthy of his great naval ancestors." He was now only 8,000 yards from the enemy and under a desperate fire. His flagship, Invincible, was sunk, and with it perished an Admiral who in faithfulness and courage must rank with the heroic figures of British naval history. This was at the head of the British line. Meantime the 1st and 2nd Cruiser Squadrons accompanying the Battle Fleet had also come into action. Defence and Warrior had sunk an enemy light cruiser about 6 o'clock. Canterbury, which was in company with the 3rd Battle Cruiser Squadron, had engaged enemy light cruisers and destroyers which were attacking the destroyers Shark, Acasta and Christopher—an engagement in which Shark was sunk. A survivor of Shark has described the scene. "Right ahead of us and close at hand, we saw two columns of German destroyers. We were racing along at the time, and our skipper took us at full speed right towards the enemy lines. There was a column of their small craft on each side of us, Rh

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text: The Hundred Best Poems (lyrical) in the English language - second series/Most sweet it is


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 and as soon as we got abreast of them we attacked at close range, and managed to torpedo a couple of enemy destroyers, one on each beam. All the time we were getting it hot, guns were popping at us from all quarters, and we were firing back as hard as we could go, as well as using our torpedo tubes. Of course, a fight under these conditions could not last long for us. We had been engaged about ten minutes when two torpedoes hit fairly, one on each side of our ship and ripped three holes in her, so that she sank almost at once." At 6.16 the 1st Cruiser Squadron had got into a position between the German and British Battle Fleets, since owing to the mist Sir Robert Arbuthnot was not aware of the enemy's approach until he was in close proximity to them. Defence was sunk, Warrior passed to the rear disabled, and Black Prince received damage which led later to her destruction.

Meantime Beatty's lighter craft had also been hotly engaged. At 6.5 Onslow sighted an enemy light cruiser 6,000 yards off which was trying to attack Lion with torpedoes, and at once closed and engaged at a range from 4,000 Rh

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text: The Hundred Best Poems (lyrical) in the English language - second series/Lines Written in Early Spring


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 to 2,000 yards. She then closed the German Battle Cruisers, but after firing one torpedo she was struck amidships by a heavy shell. Undefeated, she fired her remaining three torpedoes at the enemy Battle Fleet. She was then taken in tow by Defender, who was herself damaged, and in spite of constant shelling the two gallant destroyers managed to retire in safety. "I consider the performances of these two destroyers," wrote Sir David Beatty, "to be gallant in the extreme, and I am recommending Lieut.-Commander J. C. Tovey of Onslow and Lieut.-Commander L. R. Palmer of Defender for special recognition." Again, the 3rd Light Cruiser Squadron under Rear-Admiral Napier, which was well ahead of the enemy on Beatty's starboard bow, attacked with torpedoes at 6.25, Falmouth and Yarmouth especially distinguishing themselves. One German battle cruiser was observed to be hit and to fall out of the line.

From a quarter to six to 6.50, while the two British Fleets were coming into line, the situation was highly delicate, and the fighting was necessarily intricate and confused. The Rh

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 position at 6.50 was shortly as follows. Beatty had turned the German van and his course from 6.50 onward was S.E., gradually moving towards S. The 1st and 2nd Battle Cruiser Squadrons led; then the 3rd Battle Cruiser Squadron; then followed the divisions of the Battle Fleet—first the 2nd Battle Squadron under Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Jerram, then the 4th, containing Sir John Jellicoe's flagship Iron Duke, and finally the 1st, under Vice-Admiral Sir Cecil Burney. In the weather conditions it was impossible to work the Fleet by independent divisions, so the formation adopted was a single line.

Evan-Thomas's 5th Battle Squadron, which had up to now been with Beatty, intended to form ahead of the Battle Fleet, but the nature of the deployment compelled it to form astern. Warspite had her steering-gear damaged and drifted towards the enemy's line, under a furious cannonade. For a little she involuntarily interposed herself between Warrior and the enemy's fire. Matters were presently put right, but it is a curious proof of the caprice of fortune in battle that while a single shot Rh

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 at the beginning of the action sunk Indefatigable, this intense bombardment did Warspite little harm. Only one gun turret was hit and her engines were uninjured.

At 6.50, then, the two British Fleets were united, the German line was headed off on the east, and Beatty and Jellicoe were working their way between the enemy and his home ports. "The grandest sight I have ever seen," wrote an eye-witness, "was the sight of our battle line—miles of it fading into mist—taking up their positions like clockwork and then belching forth great sheets of fire and clouds of smoke." The enemy was now greatly outnumbered and the skill of the British Admirals had won a complete strategic success. But the fog was deepening and the night was falling. It looked as if daylight might be wanting to give the British a chance of winning a decisive victory.

The third stage of the battle—roughly two hours long—was an intermittent duel Rh

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 between the main fleets. Admiral von Scheer had no wish to linger, and he moved southward at his best speed with the British line shepherding him on the east. We have seen the nature of the British dispositions at this moment. The whole fleet now formed one fighting unit, but it will be clearer if we take the work of the battle cruisers and the battleships separately.

Beatty had succeeded in crumpling up the head of the German line, and its battleships were now targets for the majority of his battle cruisers. The visibility was becoming greatly reduced. The mist no longer merely veiled the targets, but often shut them out altogether. This not only made gunnery extraordinarily difficult, but prevented the British from keeping proper contact with the enemy. At the same time such light as there was was more favourable to Beatty and Jellicoe than to von Scheer. The German ships showed up at intervals against the sunset, as did Cradock's cruisers off Coronel, and gave the British gunners their chance.

Of the effects of the gunnery an extract from an officer's letter gives some conception. Rh

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 "One of our 12-inch gun ships put her salvos into a German ship so accurately that the enemy vessel heeled right over under the heavy blows. Of course, the German went out of action. If the 12-inch gun could do this to a ship how much more destructive must be the well-directed fire from 15-inch or 13.5-inch guns.… It was the big calibre that told, and it was a gunner's battle. Our gunnery was better at all points than that of the enemy."

From 7 o'clock onward Beatty was steering south and gradually bearing round to southwest and west in order to get into touch with the enemy. At 7.14 he sighted them at a range of 15,000 yards—two battle cruisers and two battleships of the Koenig class. The sun had now fallen behind the western clouds, and at 7.17 Beatty increased speed to 22 knots and re-engaged. The enemy showed signs of great distress, one ship being on fire and one dropping astern. The destroyers at the head of the line emitted volumes of smoke which covered the ships behind with a pall and enabled them at 7.45 to turn away and pass out of Beatty's sight. Rh

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 * }


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 At 7.58 the 1st and 3rd Light Cruiser Squadrons were ordered to sweep westward and locate the head of the enemy's line, and at 8.20 Beatty altered course to west to support. He located three battle cruisers or battleships and engaged them at 10,000 yards range. Lion repeatedly hit the leading ship, which turned away in flames with a heavy list to port, while Princess Royal set fire to one battleship, and the third ship under the attack of New Zealand and Indomitable, hauled out of the line heeling over and on fire. Once more the mist descended and enveloped the enemy, which passed out of sight to the west. Then came a strange shock which sent a quiver through every British ship as if a mine or a shoal had been struck. Some great enemy vessel had blown up somewhere in the mist to the westward.

To turn to the Battle Fleet, which had become engaged at 6.17 p.m., during deployment, with battleships of the Kaiser class. It first took course south-east by east, but as it endeavoured to close it bore round to westward. The aim of von Scheer now was escape and Rh

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 nothing but escape, and every device was used to screen his ships from British sight. Owing partly to the smoke palls and the clouds emitted by the destroyers, but mainly to the mist, it was never possible to see more than four or five enemy ships at a time. The ranges were roughly from 9,000 to 12,000 yards and the action began with the British Battle Fleet on the enemy's bow. Under the British attack the enemy constantly turned away, and this had the effect of bringing Jellicoe to a position of less advantage on the enemy's quarter. At the same time it put the British fleet between von Scheer and his base.

In the short periods, however, during which the Germans were visible, they received a heavy fire and were constantly hit. Some were observed to haul out of line and at least one was seen to sink. The German return fire at this stage was feeble, and the damage caused to our battleships was trifling. Von Scheer relied for defence chiefly on torpedo attacks which were favoured by the weather and the British position. A following fleet can make small use of torpedoes, as the enemy is moving Rh

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 away from it; while the enemy, on the other hand, has the advantage in this weapon since his targets are moving towards him. Many German torpedoes were fired, but the only battleship hit was Marlborough, which was happily able to remain in line and continue the action.

The 1st Battle Squadron under Sir Cecil Burney came into action at 6.17 with the third German Battle Squadron at a range of 11,000 yards; but as the fight continued the range decreased to 9,000 yards. This Squadron received most of the enemy's return fire, but it administered severe punishment. Take the case of Marlborough (Captain George P. Ross). At 6.17 she began by firing seven salvos at a ship of the Kaiser class; she then engaged a cruiser and a battleship; at 6.54 she was hit by a torpedo; at 7.3 she re-opened the action; and at 7.12 fired fourteen salvos at a ship of the Koenig class, hitting her repeatedly till she turned out of line. Colossus of the same Squadron was hit, but only slightly damaged, and several other ships were frequently straddled by the enemy's fire. Rh

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 The 4th Battle Squadron in the centre was engaged with ships of the Koenig and the Kaiser class, as well as with battle cruisers and light cruisers. Sir John Jellicoe's flagship Iron Duke engaged one of the Koenig class at 6.30 at a range of 12,000 yards, quickly straddled it, and hit it repeatedly from the second salvo onwards till it turned away. The 2nd Battle Squadron in the van under Sir Thomas Jerram was in action with German battleships from 6.30 to 7.20 and engaged also a damaged battle cruiser.

In the van of the battle fleet, acting as a link between Jellicoe and Beatty, went Rear-Admiral Heath's 2nd Cruiser Squadron which had now received Duke of Edinburgh from the 1st Cruiser Squadron. There also was the 4th Light Cruiser Squadron under Commodore Le Mesurier, which attacked enemy destroyers at 7.20 p.m. and again at 8.18 in support of the 11th Destroyer Flotilla. In the second attack it came under the fire of the enemy battle fleet at between 6,500 and 8,000 yards. Calliope, the flagship, was several times hit, but without serious damage. The light Rh

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 cruisers attacked the enemy with torpedoes, and at 8.40 an explosion was observed on board a ship of the Kaiser class. In these actions four enemy destroyers were sunk by our gun fire.

By 9 o'clock the enemy had completely disappeared and darkness was falling fast. He had been veering round to a westerly course, and the whole British Fleet lay between him and his home ports. It was a strategic situation which, but for the fog and the coming of night, would have meant his complete destruction. Sir John Jellicoe had now to make a difficult decision. It was impossible for the British Fleet to close in the darkness in a sea swarming with torpedo craft and submarines, and accordingly he was compelled to make dispositions for the night, which would ensure the safety of his ships and provide for a renewal of the action at dawn. In his own words:—"I manœuvred to remain between the enemy and his base, placing our Flotillas in a position in which they would afford protection to the fleet from destroyer attack and at the same time be favourably situated for attacking the enemy's heavier ships." About the same Rh

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 time Sir David Beatty, to the south and westward, had made the same decision on his own account. He informed Sir John Jellicoe of his position and the bearing of the enemy and turned to the course of the Battle Fleet.

The night battle was waged on the British side entirely by the lighter craft. It will be remembered that Beatty had with him the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Light Cruiser Squadrons and the 1st, 9th, 10th and 13th Destroyer Flotillas. The 1st and 3rd Light Cruiser Squadrons were continuously in touch with the battle cruisers and usually ahead of them. There they protected the head of the British line from torpedo attack. The 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron was at the rear of the battle line, and at 9 p.m. it repelled a destroye.destroyer [sic] attack upon Evan-Thomas's battle ships. At 10.20 Southampton and Dublin were in action with five enemy cruisers, and lost many men during the fifteen minutes fight. At half-past eleven Birmingham sighted several heavy ships steering south. Rh

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 These were some of the enemy battle ships slipping past the British stern in the fog and darkness.

In the rear of the line were also Fearless and the 1st Destroyer Flotilla, which during the night observed a battleship of the Kaiser class utterly alone and steaming at full speed. This solitary ship seems to have been attacked by destroyers further astern, for presently from that direction came the noise of a heavy explosion. The 13th Flotilla under Captain James Farie in Champion was also astern of the Battle Fleet. At half-past twelve on the morning of 1st June, a large vessel crossed its rear, opening a heavy fire as she passed on Petard and Turbulent. At 3.30 Champion was engaged with four enemy destroyers, and an hour before Moresby had fired a torpedo with success at four ships of the Deutschland class.

Beatty's destroyers having been in action since 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the principal attacks were made by the 4th, 11th and 12th Flotillas which accompanied Jellicoe and which had had less continuous fighting. Castor Rh

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 (Commodore Hawkesley) in the 11th Flotilla, sank an enemy destroyer at point blank range. The 12th Flotilla (Captain Anselan J. B. Stirling) attacked a squadron of six large vessels including some of the Kaiser class. The third ship in the line was torpedoed and blew up, and twenty minutes later the fourth ship in the line was also hit. Onslaught, of this Flotilla was severely damaged, but Sub-Lieutenant Kemmis and Midshipman Arnot, the only officers not disabled, took the ship out of action and brought her safely home.

The heaviest fighting fell to the lot of the 4th Flotilla under Captain Wintour. Two torpedoes were observed to take effect, but Tipperary was sunk with the greater part of its crew. Captain Wintour was killed early in the action, when Lieutenant Kemp took command. Two rafts were got away from the sinking vessel and a number of survivors from them were afterwards picked up, but the young Lieutenant went down with his ship. The British destroyers, of all the vessels engaged in the battle, won perhaps the greatest glory. "They surpassed," wrote Sir John Jellicoe, Rh

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 "the very highest expectations that I had formed of them."

An officer on one of the flotillas has described that uneasy darkness. "We couldn't tell what was happening. Every now and then out of the silence would come bang, bang, boom, as hard as it could go for ten minutes on end. The flash of the guns lit up the whole sky for miles and miles, and the noise was far more penetrating than by day. Then you would see a great burst of flame from some poor devil, as the searchlight switched on and off, and then perfect silence once more." The searchlights at times made the sea as white as marble on which the destroyers moved "black," wrote an eye witness, "as cockroaches on a floor."

At earliest dawn on June 1st, the British Fleet, which was lying south and west of the Horn Reef, turned northward to collect its light craft and to search for the enemy. But the enemy was not to be found. Partly he had already slipped in single ships astern of our fleet during the night; partly he was then engaged Rh

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 in moving homewards like a flight of wild duck that has been scattered by shot. He was greatly helped by the weather, which at dawn on June 1st was thicker than the night before, the visibility being less than four miles. About 4 o'clock a Zeppelin passed over the British Fleet and no doubt by wireless signalled to any remaining German units where lay the safe passage. All morning till 11 o'clock Sir John Jellicoe waited on the battlefield, watching the lines of approach to German ports and attending the advent of the enemy. But no enemy came. "I was reluctantly compelled to the conclusion," wrote Sir John, "that the High Sea Fleet had returned into port." Till 1.15 p.m. the British fleet swept the seas, picking up survivors from some of the lost destroyers. After that hour waiting was useless, so the fleet sailed for its bases, which were reached next day, Friday, 2nd June. There it fueled and replenished with ammunition, and at 9.30 that evening was ready for further action. Rh

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The German Fleet, being close to its bases, was able to publish at once its own version of the battle. A resounding success was a political necessity for Germany, and it is likely that she would have claimed a victory if any remnant of her fleets had reached harbour. As it was she was over-joyed at having escaped annihilation, and the magnitude of her jubilation may be taken as the measure of her fears. It is of the nature of a naval action that it gives ample scope for fiction. There are no spectators. Victory and defeat are not followed, as in a land battle, by a gain or loss of ground. A well-disciplined country with a strict censorship can frame any tale it pleases, and stick to it for months without fear of detection at home. Therefore Germany claimed at once a decisive success. According to her press the death blow had been given to Britain's command of the sea. The Kaiser soared into the realms of poetry:—"The gigantic fleet of Albion, ruler of the seas, which since Trafalgar for a hundred years has imposed on the whole world a bond of Rh

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, and has surrounded itself with a nimbus of invincibleness, came into the field. That gigantic Armada approached, and our fleet engaged it. The British Fleet was beaten. The first great hammer blow was struck, and the nimbus of British world supremacy disappeared." Germany announced trivial losses—one old battle ship, Pommern, three small cruisers Wiesbaden, Elbing and Frauenlob, and five destroyers.

It is a striking tribute to the prestige of the British Navy that the German fairy tale was received with incredulity in all Allied and in most neutral countries. In a small mountain village in the Apennines, the inhabitants of which, owing to economic difficulties, had small enthusiasm for the war, the news arrived that the British Navy had been beaten. "That is a lie" was the unanimous decision of the village. "Nothing on earth can defeat the British Navy." But false news, once it has started, may be dangerous, and in some quarters in America, even among friends of the Allies, there was at first a disposition to accept the German version. The ordinary man is apt Rh

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 to judge of a battle, on land or sea, by the crude test of losses. The British Admiralty announced its losses at once with a candour which may have been undiplomatic, but which revealed a proud confidence in the invulnerability of the navy and the steadfastness of the British people. These losses were: one first class battle cruiser, Queen Mary; two lesser battle cruisers, Indefatigable and Invincible; three armoured cruisers, Defence, Black Prince and Warrior; and eight destroyers, Tipperary, Ardent, Fortune, Shark, Sparrowhawk, Nestor, Nomad and Turbulent. More vital than the ships, was the loss of many gallant men and officers, including some of the most distinguished of the younger Admirals and Captains.

Even if Germany's version of her losses had been true it is scarcely necessary to say that they were heavier than Britain's in proportion to her total strength at sea. But her version was not true; it was not half the truth. The port of Wilhelmshaven was closed to the world that no man might verify the actual casualties. It is probable that Pommern, whose loss was admitted, was not the old Pommern of that name Rh

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 which was believed to have been sunk by Commander Max Horton in the previous July, but a new first-class battle ship. It is not yet possible to estimate the total German losses, owing to the conditions of low visibility during the day battle, and the approach of darkness before the action was completed. Sir John Jellicoe, basing his calculation upon the results of careful enquiries, issued a list that in his opinion gave the minimum as to numbers. According to this list Germany lost two battle ships of the largest class, and one of the Deutschland type; one battle cruiser; five light cruisers, one of which may have been a battle ship; six destroyers and one submarine. These were certain and observed losses. In addition, one first-class battle ship, one battle cruiser and three destroyers were seen to be so severely hit that in all likelihood they went down before reaching harbour. It should further be remembered that many of the ships which escaped were so seriously damaged by gun fire and torpedo attack that they would not be available for many months. The German fleet returned to the Elbe bases, lacking some Rh

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 of its finest ships, and with most of the remainder out of action.

It is only the ignorant who imagine that the loss of a few ships could mean a weakening of British naval prestige. A fleet, if it is to be better than scrap iron, must be risked gallantly when occasion offers. The real test of success is the fulfilment of a strategic intention. What was Germany's aim? Her major purpose was to destroy the British command of the sea. In that she never came near succeeding. From the moment of von Scheer's return to port the British fleet held the sea and is still holding it. The blockade which Germany thought to break was drawn tighter than ever. Her secondary aim was so to weaken the British Fleet that it should be more nearly on an equality with her own. Again she completely failed, and the margin of British superiority was in no way impaired. Lastly she hoped to isolate and destroy a British division. That, too, failed. The British Battle Cruiser fleet is to-day a living and effective force while the German Battle Cruiser fleet is only a shadow. The result of the battle of May 31st was that Rh

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Rh The day of election drew near. They told him he must buy votes. He said he wouldn't buy a vote to be mayor of the New Jerusalem. They told him he must "mix" and "treat." He refused. Foreseeing he had no chance, they besought him to withdraw. He said he would not. They told him he wouldn't poll twenty votes. He replied that one would satisfy him, provided it was neither begged nor bought. When his defeat was announced, he accepted it as another evidence that he had no part in the present—no chance of redeeming his idleness.

A sense of this weighed heavily on him at times; but it is not likely that he realized how pitifully he was undergoing a moral shrinkage in consequence of mere disuse. Actually, extinction had set in with him long prior to dissolution, and he was dead years before his heart ceased beating. The very basic virtues on which had rested his once spacious and stately character were now but the mouldy corner-stones of a crumbling ruin.

It was a subtle evidence of deterioration in manliness that he had taken to dress. When he had lived in the country, he had never dressed up unless he came to town. When he had moved to town, he thought he must remain dressed up all the time; and this fact first fixed his attention on a matter which afterwards began to be loved for its own sake. Usually he wore a Derby hat, a black diagonal coat, gray trousers, and a white necktie. But the article of attire in which he took chief pleasure was hose; and the better to show the gay colors of these, he wore low-cut shoes of the finest calf skin, turned up at the toes. Thus his feet kept pace with the present, however far his head may have lagged in the past; and it may be that this stream of fresh fashions, flowing perennially over his lower extremities


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114 like water about the roots of a tree, kept him from drying up altogether.

Peter always polished his shoes with too much blacking, perhaps thinking that the more the blacking the greater the proof of love. He wore his clothes about a season and a half—having several suits—and then passed them on to Peter, who, foreseeing the joy of such an inheritance, bought no new ones. In the act of transferring them the colonel made no comment until he came to the hose, from which he seemed unable to part without a final tribute of esteem, as: "These are fine, Peter;" or, "Peter, these are nearly as good as new." Thus Peter, too, was dragged through the whims of fashion. To have seen the colonel walking about his grounds and garden followed by Peter, just a year and a half behind in dress and a yard and a half behind in space, one might well have taken the rear figure for the colonel's double, slightly the worse for wear, somewhat shrunken, and cast into a heavy shadow.

Time hung so heavily on his hands at night that with a happy inspiration he added a dress suit to his ward robe, and accepted the first invitation to an evening party.

He grew excited as the hour approached, and dressed in a great fidget for fear he should be too late.

"How do I look, Peter?" he inquired at length, surprised at his own appearance.

"Splendid, Marse Rom," replied Peter, bringing in the shoes with more blacking on them than ever before.

"I think," said the colonel, apologetically—"I think I'd look better if I'd put a little powder on. I don't know what makes me so red in the face."

But his heart began to sink before he reached his


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Rh hostess's, and he had a fearful sense of being the observed of all observers as he slipped through the hall and passed rapidly up to the gentlemen's room. He stayed there after the others had gone down, bewildered and lonely, dreading to go down himself. By-and-by the musicians struck up a waltz, and with a little cracked laugh at his own performance he cut a few shines of an unremembered pattern; but his ankles snapped audibly, and he suddenly stopped with the thought of what Peter would say if he should catch him at these antics. Then he boldly went down-stairs.

He had touched the new human life around him at various points: as he now stretched out his arms towards its society, for the first time he completely realized how far removed it was from him. Here he saw a younger generation—the flowers of the new social order—sprung from the very soil of fraternal battle fields, but blooming together as the emblems of oblivious peace. He saw fathers, who had fought madly on opposite sides, talking quietly in corners as they watched their children dancing, or heard them toasting their old generals and their campaigns over their champagne in the supper-room. He was glad of it; but it made him feel, at the same time, that, instead of treading the velvety floors, he ought to step up and take his place among the canvases of old-time portraits that looked down from the walls.

The dancing he had done had been not under the blinding glare of gaslight, but by the glimmer of tallow-dips and star-candles and the ruddy glow of cavernous firesides—not to the accompaniment of an orchestra of wind-instruments and strings, but to a chorus of girls sweet voices, as they trod simpler measures, or to the


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116 maddening sway of a gray-haired negro fiddler standing on a chair in the chimney-corner. Still, it is significant to note that his saddest thought, long after leaving, was that his shirt bosom had not lain down smooth, but stuck out like a huge cracked egg-shell; and that when, in imitation of the others, he had laid his white silk handkerchief across his bosom inside his vest, it had slipped out during the evening, and had been found by him, on confronting a mirror, flapping over his stomach like a little white masonic apron.

"Did you have a nice time, Marse Rom?" inquired Peter, as they drove home through the darkness.

"Splendid time, Peter, splendid time," replied the colonel, nervously.

"Did you dance any, Marse Rom?"

"I didn't dance. Oh, I could have danced if I'd wanted to; but I didn't."

Peter helped the colonel out of the carriage with pitying gentleness when they reached home. It was the first and only party.

Peter also had been finding out that his occupation was gone.

Soon after moving to town, he had tendered his pastoral services to one of the fashionable churches of the city—not because it was fashionable, but because it was made up of his brethren. In reply he was invited to preach a trial sermon, which he did with gracious unction.

It was a strange scene, as one calm Sunday morning he stood on the edge of the pulpit, dressed in a suit of the colonel's old clothes, with one hand in his trousers-pocket, and his lame leg set a little forward at an angle familiar to those who know the statues of Henry Clay.


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Rh How self-possessed he seemed, yet with what a rush of memories did he pass his eyes slowly over that vast assemblage of his emancipated people! With what feelings must he have contrasted those silk hats, and walking-canes, and broadcloths; those gloves and satins, laces and feathers, jewelry and fans—that whole many-colored panorama of life—with the weary, sad, and sullen audiences that had often heard him of old under the forest trees or by the banks of some turbulent stream!

In a voice husky, but heard beyond the flirtation of the uttermost pew, he took his text: "Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not, neither do they spin." From this he tried to preach a new sermon, suited to the newer day. But several times the thoughts of the past were too much for him, and he broke down with emotion.

The next day a grave committee waited on him and reported that the sense of the congregation was to call a colored gentleman from Louisville. Private objections to Peter were that he had a broken leg, wore Colonel Fields's second-hand clothes, which were too big for him, preached in the old-fashioned way, and lacked self-control and repose of manner.

Peter accepted his rebuff as sweetly as Socrates might have done. Humming the burden of an old hymn, he took his righteous coat from a nail in the wall and folded it away in a little brass-nailed deer-skin trunk, laying over it the spelling-book and the Pilgrim's Progress, which he had ceased to read. Thenceforth his relations to his people were never intimate, and even from the other servants of the colonel's household he stood apart. But the colonel took Peter's rejection


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118 greatly to heart, and the next morning gave him the new silk socks he had worn at the party. In paying his servants the colonel would sometimes say, "Peter, I reckon I'd better begin to pay you a salary; that's the style now." But Peter would turn off, saying he didn't "have no use fur no salary."

Thus both of them dropped more and more out of life, but as they did so drew more and more closely to each other. The colonel had bought a home on the edge of the town, with some ten acres of beautiful ground surrounding. A high osage-orange hedge shut it in, and forest trees, chiefly maples and elms, gave to the lawn and house abundant shade. Wild-grape vines, the Virginia-creeper, and the climbing-oak swung their long festoons from summit to summit, while honeysuckles, clematis, and the Mexican-vine clambered over arbors and trellises, or along the chipped stone of the low, old-fashioned house. Just outside the door of the colonel's bedroom slept an ancient, broken sundial.

The place seemed always in half-shadow, with hedge rows of box, clumps of dark holly, darker firs half a century old, and aged, crape-like cedars.

It was in the seclusion of this retreat, which looked almost like a wild bit of country set down on the edge of the town, that the colonel and Peter spent more of their time as they fell farther in the rear of onward events. There were no such flower-gardens in the city, and pretty much the whole town went thither for its flowers, preferring them to those that were to be had for a price at the nurseries.

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Rh for so many funerals; but, it is certain, almost weekly the two old gentlemen received this chastening admonition of their all-but-spent mortality. The colonel cultivated the rarest fruits also, and had under glass varieties that were not friendly to the climate; so that by means of the fruits and flowers there was established a pleasant social bond with many who otherwise would never have sought them out.

But others came for better reasons. To a few deep-seeing eyes the colonel and Peter were ruined landmarks on a fading historic landscape, and their devoted friendship was the last steady burning-down of that pure flame of love which can never again shine out in the future of the two races. Hence a softened charm in vested the drowsy quietude of that shadowy paradise in which the old master without a slave and the old slave without a master still kept up a brave pantomime of their obsolete relations. No one ever saw in their intercourse ought but the finest courtesy, the most delicate consideration. The very tones of their voices in addressing each other were as good as sermons on gentleness, their antiquated playfulness as melodious as the babble of distant water. To be near them was to be exorcised of evil passions.

The sun of their day had indeed long since set; but like twin clouds lifted high and motionless into some far quarter of the gray twilight skies, they were still radiant with the glow of the invisible orb.

Henceforth the colonel's appearances in public were few and regular. He went to church on Sundays, where he sat on the edge of the choir in the centre of the building, and sang an ancient bass of his own improvisation to the older hymns, and glanced furtively


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120 around to see whether any one noticed that he could not sing the new ones. At the Sunday-school picnics the committee of arrangements allowed him to carve the mutton, and after dinner to swing the smallest children gently beneath the trees. He was seen on Commencement Day at Morrison Chapel, where he always gave his bouquet to the valedictorian. It was the speech of that young gentleman that always touched him, consisting as it did of farewells.

In the autumn he might sometimes be noticed sitting high up in the amphitheatre at the fair, a little blue around the nose, and looking absently over into the ring where the judges were grouped around the music-stand. Once he had strutted around as a judge himself, with a blue ribbon in his button-hole, while the band played "Sweet Alice, Ben Bolt," and "Gentle Annie." The ring seemed full of young men now, and no one even thought of offering him the privileges of the grounds. In his day the great feature of the exhibition had been cattle; now everything was turned into a horse-show. He was always glad to get home again to Peter, his true yoke-fellow. For just as two old oxen—one white and one black—that have long toiled under the same yoke will, when turned out to graze at last in the widest pasture, come and put themselves horn to horn and flank to flank, so the colonel and Peter were never so happy as when ruminating side by side.

In their eventless life the slightest incident acquired the importance of a history. Thus, one day in June, Peter discovered a young couple love-making in the


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Rh shrubbery, and with the deepest agitation reported the fact to the colonel.

Never before, probably, had the fluttering of the dear god's wings brought more dismay than to these ancient involuntary guardsmen of his hiding-place. The colonel was at first for breaking up what he considered a piece of underhand proceedings, but Peter reasoned stoutly that if the pair were driven out they would simply go to some other retreat; and without getting the approval of his conscience to this view, the colonel contented himself with merely repeating that they ought to go straight and tell the girl's parents. Those parents lived just across the street outside his grounds. The young lady he knew very well himself, having a few years before given her the privilege of making herself at home among his flowers. It certainly looked hard to drive her out now, just when she was making the best possible use of his kindness and her opportunity. Moreover, Peter walked down street and ascertained that the young fellow was an energetic farmer living a few miles from town, and son of one of the colonel's former friends; on both of which accounts the latter's heart went out to him. So when, a few days later, the colonel, followed by Peter, crept up breathlessly and peeped through the bushes at the pair strolling along the shady perfumed walks, and so plainly happy in that happiness which comes but once in a lifetime, they not only abandoned the idea of betraying the secret, but afterwards kept away from that part of the grounds, lest they should be an interruption.

"Peter," stammered the colonel, who had been trying to get the words out for three days, "do you suppose he has already—asked her?"


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122 "Some's pow'ful quick on de trigger, en some's mighty slow," replied Peter, neutrally. "En some," he added, exhaustively, "don't use de trigger 't all!"

"I always thought there had to be asking done by somebody" remarked the colonel, a little vaguely.

"I nuver axed Phillis!" exclaimed Peter, with a certain air of triumph.

"Did Phillis ask you, Peter?" inquired the colonel, blushing and confidential.

"No, no, Marse Rom! I couldn't er stood dat from no 'oman!" replied Peter, laughing and shaking his head.

The colonel was sitting on the stone steps in front of the house, and Peter stood below, leaning against a Corinthian column, hat in hand, as he went on to tell his love-story.

"Hit all happ'n dis way, Marse Rom. We wuz gwine have pra'r-meetin', en I 'lowed to walk home wid Phillis en ax 'er on de road. I been 'lowin' to ax 'er heap o' times befo', but I ain' jes nuver done so. So I says to myse'f, says I, 'I jes mek my sermon to-night kiner lead up to whut I gwine tell Phillis on de road home.' So I tuk my tex' from de lef' tail o' my coat: 'De greates' o' dese is charity;' caze I knowed charity wuz same ez love. En all de time I wuz preachin' an' glorifyin' charity en identifyin' charity wid love, I couldn' he'p thinkin' 'bout what I gwine say to Phillis on de road home. Dat mek me feel better; en de better I feel, de better I preach, so hit boun' to mek my hcahchs feel better—likewise Phillis 'mong um. So Phillis she jes sot dah listenin' en listenin' en lookin' like we wuz a'ready on de road home, till I got so wuked up in my feelin's I jes knowed de time wuz come. By-en-by, I had n' mo'


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 Britain was more confirmed than ever in her mastery of the ocean. Its effect on the campaign at large was at once apparent. Russia was established in her control of the Eastern Baltic, and Germany's grandiose scheme for aiding her Eastern campaign by sea perished in the smoke of the Jutland battle.

One word must be said upon British tactics and strategy. From a technical point of view the battle appears as an example of a tactical division of a fleet, undertaken in order to coax a laggard enemy to battle. Such a plan has, of course, its own risks, but without risks no Admiral or General has ever won success. Criticism and discussion inevitably follow all naval actions, unless, as in the case of Nelson's three battles, they are so obviously conclusive that argument is futile. But if the Battle of Jutland had not the dramatic close of Trafalgar or the Nile, yet, in a true sense, it was decisive. It defeated, utterly defeated, the German plan. If it was not—as with two hours more daylight it would have been—a complete destruction of Germany's sea power, it was a complete demonstration of Britain's crushing Rh

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 superiority. Sir David Beatty faced great odds and great difficulties in the spirit of Hawke and Nelson.—"He once more showed," wrote the Commander-in-Chief, "his fine qualities of gallant leadership, firm determination, and correct strategical insight. He appreciated the situation at once on sighting his enemy's lighter forces, then his battle cruisers, and finally his battle fleet. I can fully sympathise with his feelings when the evening mist and failing light robbed the fleet of that complete victory for which he had manœuvred, and for which the vessels in company with him had striven so hard." It is a tradition of the British Admiralty that it praises sparingly and only praises when the merit of an achievement is beyond question. The well-chosen words in which it approved Sir John Jellicoe's leadership are more impressive than the rhetoric of the chiefs of parvenu navies. "The results of the action prove that the officers and men of the Grand Fleet have known both how to study the new problems with which they are confronted and how to turn their knowledge to account. The expectations of the country were high, they have been well fulfilled. My Rh

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