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 Brian MacConmidhe (d. 1583), poet, son of Donogh.

 McCONNELL, WILLIAM (1833–1867), illustrative artist, born in 1833, made his mark early in life as a draughtsman on wood of illustrations to books of a humorous nature. Among his earliest works were the illustrations to Oliver Oldfellow's 'Our School' (1857), G. F. Pardon's 'The Months' (1858), and G. A. Sala's 'Twice Round the Clock;' the last work attracted considerable attention. Subsequently, however, McConnell fell into ill-health, which impeded his progress in his profession, and after being generously supported in his last days by his brother artists, he died of consumption in London on 14 May 1867. A few weeks before his death he made a series of rough sketches, which he did not live to place on the wood, but which were publishesd after his death under the title of 'Upside Down, or Turnover Traits,' with illustrative verses by Thomas Hood the younger.

 MACCORMAC, HENRY, M.D. (1800–1868), physician, born at Fairlawn, co. Armagh, in 1800, was son of Cornelius MacCormac, an officer in H.M. navy. Having studied at Dublin, Paris, and Edinburgh, he graduated M.D. in the last university in 1824, and in the same year became a licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. He then determined to travel and journeyed to Africa. After visiting the Cape of Good Hope, he went to Sierra Leone by land, and nearly succumbed to an attack of jungle fever on the way. He subsequently made two voyages to the United States. Soon afterwards he commenced practice as a physician in Belfast, where his abilities were recognised, and he was appointed physician to the Royal Hospital, then known as the Belfast Fever Hospital. In 1832 Asiatic cholera prevailed in Belfast, and MacCormac was appointed to take charge of the cholera hospital, and received a handsome testimonial and the thanks of the citizens for his exertions. He was subsequently chosen visiting physician to the Belfast District Lunatic Asylum, an office which he held until his death. He soon brought about a marked change in the condition of the inmates by his insistence upon more generous dietary, and during another epidemic of cholera there was not a single death in the asylum, which was ascribed to careful sanitation and the prophylactic administration of diluted mineral acids to the patients. MacCormac was also for a time professor of the theory and practice of medicine in the Royal Belfast Institution. In 1857 he was a candidate for the chair of materia medica in the Queen's College, Belfast. For many years he enjoyed an extensive consultation practice, but he gradually became more devoted to literary and scientific study, and about 1866 he relinquished the active duties of his profession and devoted himself to writing books. He is said to have possessed a knowledge of at least twenty languages, and was specially devoted to the study of comparative philology. In his medical treatises the topics on which he most insisted were his method of prevention and treatment of consumption and the danger of inhaling pre-breathed air. He urged very strongly the necessity of maintaining the purity of the air. He was also an ardent advocate of active physical exercise in the preservation of health. MacCormac died on 26 May 1886 at Fisherwick Place, Belfast. By his wife Mary, daughter of William Newsam, he was the father of Sir William MacCormac, the eminent surgeon.

MacCormac's writings include: 'A Treatise on the Cause and Cure of Hesitation of Speech or Stammering,' 8vo, Lond. 1838. 'On the best means of improving the Condition of the Working Classes,' 8vo, Lond. 1830. 'An Exposition of the Nature, Treatment, and Prevention of Continued Fever,' 8vo, Lond. 1836. 'The Philosophy of Human Nature in its Physical, Intellectual, and Moral Relations.' 8vo, Lond. 1837. 'Methodus Medendi, or the Description and Treatment of the principal Diseases incident to the Human Frame,' 8vo, Lond. 1843. 'On the Connection of Atmospheric Impurity with Disease,' 8vo, 1852, contributed to the Belfast Social Inquiry Society. 'Moral Sanatory Economy,' 8vo, Belfast, 1853 (two editions). 'On the Nature, Treatment, and Prevention of Pulmonary Consumption,' 8vo, Lond. 1855; 2nd edit. 1860. Translations appeared in German and in Dutch. 'On Tubercle,' 8vo, Belfast, 18S6, read before the Edinburgh Medico-Chirurgical Society. 'Twenty Aphorisms in respect to Health,' 24mo, Lond. 1857. 'Aspirations from the Inner, the Spiritual Life,' 8vo, Lond. 1860. Metanoia, a Plea for the Insane,' 8vo, Lond. 1861. 'The Painless Extinction of Life in Animals designed for Human Food,' 8vo, Lond. 1864. 'On Synthesis as taking Precedence of Analysis in Education,' 8vo, Lond. 1867. 'Consumption the Air re-breathed … a Sequel to


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 Treatise on Consumption,' 8to, Load. 1872. In the same year he published a reply to the reviewers of this book.  'How to Preserve Health on the Gold Coast,' 8vo, Lond. 1874.  'The Conyersation of a Soul with God's Theodicy,' 8vo, Lond. 1877.  'Moral Second Education for the Irish People versus Ultramontanist Instilment,' 8vo, Lond. 1879.  'Etiology of Tubercle, with Comments on Dr. R. Koch's Bacilli,' 6vo. Lond. 1882.  'The Air-Cure of Tubercular Consumption as conducted at Davos and the Engadine,' 8vo, Lond. 1883. He also wrote on 'Cholera and its Arrest by Dilute Acids' (two treatises), and on 'The Open-Air Treatment of Fever.' From the Greek he translated the 'Meditations' of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, together with the 'Manual' of Epictetus, 12mo, 1844. He left extensive manuscript works on philology and insanity.

McCORMICK, CHARLES (1755?–1807), historian and biographer, born about 1755, was son of Charles McCormick of Rathkeal, near Limerick, gentleman. He kept his terms as a student of the Middle Temple, London. On 18 July 1783 he matriculated at Oxford as a member of St. Mary Hall, and on 18 June 1794 he graduated B.C.L. He abandoned law for literature, and died in London 20 July 1807, so poor that an appeal was made to the public on behalf of his widow.

His works are: He is said to have left collections in manuscript for a history of Ireland.
 * 1) 'The History of England, from the Death of George the Second to the Peace of 1783. Designed as by Continuation to Hume and Smollett,' 3 vols. Lond. n.d. 12mo.
 * 2) 'The Secret History of the Court and Reign of Charles the Second, by a Member of his Privy Council … with Notes and a Supplement by the Editor,' 2 vols. Lond. 1792, 8vo.
 * 3) 'Memoirs of …, Edmund Burke; or an impartial Review of his Private Life, his Public conduct, &c., interspersed with … Extracts from his Secret Correspondence with some of the most distinguished characters in Europe,' Lond. 1797, 2nd edit. 1798, 4to, 'a disgraceful piece of party virulence'.
 * 4) 'Light Reading at Leisure Hours' [anon.]. Lond. 1805, 12mo.
 * 5) A continuation of Rapin's History of England.

His portrait, has been engraved by Ridley from a painting by Corbould,

MACCORMICK, JOSEPH (1733–1799), Scottish divine, son of John Maccormick, a minister at St. Andrews, was born in that town 22 Jan. 1733. He graduated M.A. at St. Andrews University in 1750 and was granted a bursary in theology from the university exchequer in the same year. After serving for some years as tutor in the Hepburn family he entered in 1756 upon trials before the presbytery of Dalkeith; this body found itself unable to overlook Maccormick's attendance at a theatre, but it gave him a testimonial to the presbytery of Edinburgh, by which he was licensed 30 March 1757, and ordained minister of Kilmany 17 April 1758. He was presented by Robert Hepburn of Bands to the living of Temple in 1760, and while there had the degree of D.D. conferred upon him by his university of St. Andrews. Transferred to Prestonpans, through the favour of Janet, countess of Hyndford, in 1771, he edited there 'The State Papers and Letters addressed to [his grand-uncle] William Carstarea … to which is prefixed the Life of William Caratares,' 4to, Edinburgh, 1774, The valuable documents included in this collection had come into the bands of Charles Macky, professor of civil history in the university of Edinburgh, OS trustee to Mrs. Carstares,' by him they were entrusted to Maccormick, who also received from Macky some materials for the 'Life.' Prefixed to the 'Letters' are memoirs of the correspondents taken from the manuscript of 'The Characters of the Court of Great Britain,' in the Earl of Hyndford's library [see ]. In May 1782 Maccormick was elected moderator of the general assembly, and in the following July was presented by George III to the charge of St. Leonards in his native presbytery, in conjunction with the principality of the United College of St. Andrews, he was appointed one of the deans of the Chapel Royal on 19 July 1788, and died at Edinburgh on 17 June 1799. He married, on 7 May 1770, Mary (d. 1822), daughter of Joseph Simson, a Bristol merchant. The only son, Joseph, became an advocate, while of the three daughters, the youngest, Elizabeth, married the Rev. William Ferrie, professor at St. Andrews and author of a 'Life of Rev. Colin Carslaires.'

Maccormick's own 'Life' of his grand-uncle, which has been extensively used by Kippis and by subsequent biographers of the secre-

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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  of 1809 he went out to the West Indies, and in April took part in the capture of the Saintes islands. On his return to England he was moved into the Rhin, in which during 1812 and 1813 he was employed in co-operating with the patriots on the north coast of Spain. In 1813 he went out to the West Indies with convoy; in 1814 he was cruising on the coast of Brazil; and on 18 July 1815, having been joined by the Menelaus and Havannah frigates and the Fly and Ferret sloops, he landed a party of seamen and marines at Corrijou on the coast of Brittany, stormed the battery, and brought out of the harbour three small armed vessels and a convoy under their protection. The affair was of a type which had become customary, but is noteworthy as the last of the kind during that war.

In September 1817 he fitted out the Sibylle, as flag-captain to Sir [q. v.] in the West Indies, from which station he invalided in February 1819. From 1822 to 1827 he commanded one or other of the yachts, William and Mary and Royal Charlotte, in attendance on the Marquis Wellesley, lord-lieutenant of Ireland, by whom he was knighted. In November 1827 he was appointed superintendent of the Bombay marine, then reorganised and placed under new regulations, which required it to have a captain of the royal navy at its head. Malcolm arrived at Bombay in June 1828, and under his careful and kindly rule the marine received a new development. On 1 May 1830 its name was officially changed to ‘the Indian navy;’ and in addition to the rigorous discharge of its police duties, it became distinguished as a school of surveyors. Malcolm held the post for ten years, and on his being relieved was officially thanked by the governor in council for the able and zealous manner in which he had watched over and advanced the interests of the naval service. The introduction to and establishment of steam navigation in the Red Sea were also largely due to his exertions (, ii. 66). He was promoted to be rear-admiral on 10 Jan. 1837, and to be vice-admiral on 28 April 1847, but had no further service. During his later years he gave much attention to the organisation of charitable institutions. He also served continuously on the council of the Royal Geographical Society. He died at Brighton 4 June 1851, and was buried there.

Malcolm was twice married: first, in 1808, to his cousin Magdalene, daughter of Charles Pasley, his mother's brother; and secondly, in 1829, to Elmira Riddell, youngest daughter of Major-general Shaw. He had issue by both marriages.

MALCOLM, JAMES PELLER (1767–1815), topographer and engraver, son of a merchant in Philadelphia, was born there in August 1767. He was admitted into the quaker school in his native city, but as his family, to avoid the revolutionary war, fled soon afterwards to Potts-town, it was there that he received the greater part of his education, ‘at an enormous expense.’ He returned with his parents to Philadelphia in 1784, after the conclusion of peace. While at school he had devoted his leisure to drawing and painting; and acting on the advice of Mr. Bembridge, a relative and fellow-student of Benjamin West, he came to London, and pursued his artistic studies for two years in the Royal Academy; but finding that no sufficient encouragement was given to history and landscape-painting, he took to engraving and the compilation of books on topographical and historical subjects. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.

Many specimens of his skill as an engraver are to be found in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ from 1792 to 1814; but his more finished productions appeared in his ‘Excursions through Kent’ and in Nichols's ‘History of Leicestershire,’ on which he worked as a draughtsman and an engraver for nearly twenty years. He also engraved and published three views of Leathersellers' Hall, on the site of the monastery of St. Helen's, London, and two large plates of the inside of the Middle Temple Hall, and one external view, under the auspices of the society. He died in Gee Street, Clarendon Square, London, on 5 April 1815, leaving his mother and wife wholly unprovided for.

Malcolm's chief work was ‘Londinium Redivivum, or an Antient History and Modern Description of London, compiled from Parochial Records, Archives of various Foundations, the Harleian MSS. and other authentic Sources,’ 4 vols. Lond. 1802–7, 4to. This is by far the best parochial history of the metropolis, as it is compiled from original records, like vestry-books, churchwardens' accounts, and parochial registers. The dean and chapter of St. Paul's gave him free access to their archives. The work is accompanied by forty-seven plates. Malcolm's other publications are:
 * 1) Seventy-nine plates to illustrate Lysons's ‘Environs of London,’ 1797–1800.
 * 2) ‘Twenty Views within Twelve Miles of London,’ Lond. 1800,


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 :: vol. i. 4to.
 * 1) ‘Letters between the Rev. James Granger, M.A., and many of the most eminent Literary Men of his Time,’ Lond. 1805, 8vo.
 * 2) ‘First Impressions, or Sketches from Art and Nature, Animate and Inanimate,’ Lond. 1807, 8vo.
 * 3) ‘Excursions in the Counties of Kent, Gloucester, Hereford, Monmouth, and Somersetshire in 1802, 1803, and 1805; illustrated by Descriptive Sketches,’ Lond. 1807, 8vo; 2nd edit. Lond. 1814, 8vo, with twenty-four beautiful plates.
 * 4) ‘Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London during the Eighteenth Century; including the Charities, Depravities, Dresses, and Amusements of the City of London during that Period; with a Review of the State of Society in 1807. To which is added a Sketch of the Domestic and Ecclesiastical Architecture, and of the various Improvements in the Metropolis, illustrated by fifty Engravings,’ Lond. 1808, 4to; another edit. Lond. 1810, 8vo.
 * 5) ‘Anecdotes of the Manners and Customs of London, from the Roman Invasion to the Year 1700, illustrated by eighteen Engravings,’ Lond. 1811, 4to. This and the previous work were reprinted, 5 vols. Lond. 1811, 8vo.
 * 6) ‘Miscellaneous Anecdotes, illustrative of the Manners and History of Europe during the Reigns of Charles II, James II, William III, and Queen Anne,’ Lond. 1811, 8vo.
 * 7) ‘An Historical Sketch of the Art of Caricaturing, with graphic Illustrations,’ Lond. 1813, 4to.

MALCOLM, JOHN (1769–1833), Indian administrator and diplomatist, fourth son of George Malcolm of Burnfoot, in the parish of Westerkirk, Dumfriesshire, a member of a younger branch of the Malcolms of Lachore, Fifeshire, by his wife Margaret, daughter of James Pasley of Craig, Dumfriesshire, was born at Burnfoot on 2 May 1769. His brothers Charles and Pulteney are separately noticed. By tradition ‘the scapegrace and scapegoat of the family,’ a quick and daring boy, John left the Westerkirk parish school at the age of twelve. His father, ruined by untoward speculations, had already placed three sons in the public services. In July 1781 John Malcolm's maternal uncle, John Pasley, a prosperous London merchant, visited Eskdale and took the boy with him to London, hoping to place him in the East India Company's service. For a short time he put him to school under a Mr. Allen, and then procured him a nomination, and before the end of the year took him before the directors. The interview is famous. The directors were for refusing a commission in their army to a child not yet thirteen. ‘Why, my little man,’ said one, ‘what would you do if you met Hyder Ali?’ ‘Cut aff his heid,’ said the boy laconically. He was passed at once, and his commission made out and dated October 1781. He remained some months longer at school, and sailed for India in the Busbridge in the autumn of 1782.

He landed at Madras in April 1783, and was first appointed to do duty with a regiment at Vellore. His first service was as ensign in command of two companies of sepoys, who escorted to a place of safety the English prisoners surrendered by Tippoo Sahib under the treaty of 11 May 1784. The next six years were spent as a half-educated, high-spirited boy would be likely to spend them. ‘Boy Malcolm,’ as he long continued to be called, was a good horseman and a good shot. He got into debt and he got into scrapes, and, being proud and penniless, was often not far from starving. But he learnt his duty, and that so well, that at the age of nineteen, though still only an ensign, he was adjutant to the wing of his regiment, the 29th battalion of native infantry, stationed at Masulipatam, and by the end of the year had paid off his debts and forsworn gaming. In 1790, with the renewal of war, his career began.

His regiment, which was ordered to cooperate with the troops of the company's ally, the nizam of the Deccan, took part in the siege of Copoulee, and then joined the camp of the nizam's main army. There in 1791 Malcolm became intimate with the British diplomatic corps of Hyderabad, and was fired with the ambition of joining the diplomatic service. ‘A careless, good-humoured fellow, illiterate, but with pregnant ability,’ he threw himself with such zeal into the study of Persian that he speedily mastered the idiom. He looked out for, but narrowly failed to get, diplomatic employment. In the autumn he was compelled by shattered health to descend to the coast for two months, but in 1792, being now a lieutenant, he joined the camp of Lord Cornwallis before Seringapatam, and was appointed Persian interpreter to the nizam's troops. Thus, after an uninterrupted term of nine years' service, he closed his regimental employment, and he was never afterwards employed otherwise than on the staff or in command. His health, however, was far from re-established, the war was over, and in February 1794 he embarked for England on furlough.

The voyage restored him. He landed in


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 Indulphus [q. v.], the son of Constantine II, succeeded Malcolm, on whose death, or retirement to a monastery, as Skene conjectures, Duff [q. v.], the son of Malcolm, came to the throne.  MALCOLM II (d. 1034), king of Scotland, son of Kenneth II [q. v.], succeeded in 1005 to the throne by defeating and killing Kenneth III [q. v.], son of Duff, at Monzievaird, Perthshire. He commenced his reign by a raid on Northumbria and the siege of Durham, before whose gates he was repulsed with great slaughter by Uchtred, son of the Ealdorman Waltheof, in 1006. Uchtred was rewarded for this victory by receiving a grant of the two Northumberland earldoms, Bernicia and Deira, from Ethelred, king of Wessex, who gave him as his third wife his daughter Ælgifu (, Norman Conquest, i. 358). The whole south-eastern border of Scotland being thus united under this powerful earl, Malcolm turned his attention to the north of Scotland. He allied himself to Sigurd, jarl of Orkney, in 1008, by giving him his daughter in marriage, and the son of this marriage, Thorfinn, a boy of five, on the death of his father at Clontarf, 1014, was made Earl of Caithness and Sutherland, while his elder brother succeeded to the Orkney, Shetland, and other islands held by the Norse jarls. In 1018 Eadulf Cudel, the brother of Uchtred (slain by Canute), who retained the district north of the Tees, in spite of Canute's grant of the Northumbrian earldom to Eric, another Dane, was defeated at Carham on the Tweed, two miles above Coldstream, by the united forces of Malcolm and Eugenius, or Owen the Bald, king of the Strathclyde Britons. The great victory, which had been presaged by a comet, led to the cession of Lothian to the Scottish kingdom (, ‘Tract on the Northumbrian Earls,’ Decem Scriptores, x. 81), although John of Wallingford (p. 544) and Roger of Wendover (i. 416) assert there was an earlier grant by Eadgar, king of Wessex, to Kenneth circa 968, a view which Freeman, in his ‘Norman Conquest,’ adopts in a modified form, while admitting the effect of the victory of Carham, and acknowledging that Simeon of Durham is the best English authority on the point. His argument on ‘The Cession of Lothian’ (Norman Conquest, i. 610), against Mr. E. W. Robertson (Scotland under her Early Kings, ii. 386), is partial, and although he stated that the subject was suited ‘for a monograph, and if I do not find any opportunity for a single combat with Mr. Robertson,’ he never found the opportunity; and ‘his hope that some other champion of the rights of Edward and Athelstane may be forthcoming’ has not been realised, for more recent English writers have not supported his views (see History, i. 102; art. ).

The cession of Lothian, whatever its date, was made on the condition that the men of Lothian should retain their customs and laws, with the important result that the Scottish south-eastern lowlands became the centre from which Anglo-Saxon and Norman civilisation gradually permeated Scotland. About the same time, on the death of Owen, the king of Strathclyde, that district which consisted of Cumbria north of the Solway became an appanage of the Scottish kingdom under Duncan [q. v.], grandson of Malcolm, by the marriage of one of his daughters with Crinan, the lay abbot of Dunkeld, while modern Cumberland, south of the Solway, fell into the hands of the English kings. The southern boundary of future Scotland was for the first time indicated by these two acquisitions, and, in spite of attempts to restrict or extend it, the Tweed and the Solway were marked out as the limits between the kingdoms.

The reign of Malcolm is a blank for the next twelve years, but in 1031 Canute, who had conquered England, after a visit to Rome made a raid on Scotland, and, according to the ‘Saxon Chronicle,’ Malcolm ‘bowed to his power, and became his man, retaining his allegiance for a very short time.’ One of the poems of Sighvat, the Norse contemporary poet, perhaps refers to the same victory in the lines: The foremost princes, north of Fife, have bowed Their heads to Cnut, to buy peace from him. ''Corpus Poet. Boreale'', i. 133. Macbeth and Jehmarc, two sub-kings who submitted to Canute at the same time, are conjectured by Skene to have been Macbeth, son of Finlay, mormær of Moray, afterwards king of Scotland, and another mormær of uncertain name and district, perhaps of Argyll. On 25 Nov. 1034 Malcolm died, for the statement of Fordoun and Wyntoun that he was killed at Glamis is not supported by the earlier authorities. He is called by Marianus Scotus, the monk of Cologne, who was born during his reign, ‘Rex Scotiæ,’ the first instance of the territorial title of king of Scotland, and by Tighernac, the Irish annalist, ‘king of Alban, and head of the nobility of the west of Europe.’ A later chronicle (1165) mentions his benefactions


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 to the church; but the foundation of the see of Mortlach, afterwards transferred to Aberdeen, ascribed to him by Fordoun, can scarcely be historical, and probably belongs to the reign of Malcolm III. The laws attributed to him, by which all Scotland was transformed into a feudal monarchy at a council held at Scone, are apocryphal, for feudalism proper did not penetrate Scotland till the time of Malcolm Canmore and his sons. The year before his own death he had slain a possible competitor for the crown, who is described by the ‘Ulster Annals’ as ‘the son of Boete, the son of Kenneth, possibly his cousin or nephew’ (, p. 399), and he was succeeded by his grandson, Duncan I [q. v.], son of his daughter Bethoc by Crinan, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and father of Malcolm III [q. v.] With Malcolm ended the male line of Kenneth Macalpine.

 MALCOLM III, called (d. 1093), king of Scotland, succeeded to the kingdom of Duncan I, his father, by the defeat of Macbeth [q. v.] on 27 July 1054, by Earl Siward of Northumbria. This victory gave him possession of Cumbria, and his own victories at Lumphanan in Mar, where Macbeth was slain, and at Essy in Strathbogy, Aberdeenshire, on 3 April 1057, over Lulach, son of Gilcomgan, and nephew of Macbeth, secured his succession to the Scottish kingdom. On 25 April of the same year he was crowned at Scone.

Malcolm is the first king of Scotland who is more than a name. In 1061, taking advantage of the absence of Tostig, earl of Northumbria, at Rome, he broke the peace between him and that earl, his ‘sworn brother,’ and ravaged the territory of St. Cuthbert. After the death of Thorfin, Norwegian jarl of Orkney, which cannot be certainly dated, but is conjecturally placed in 1057 (, Celtic Scotland, i. 413), Malcolm married his widow, Ingibrorg. He took no part in the expedition of Harold Hardrada and Tostig against England, which ended by their deaths at Stamford Bridge in 1066. Soon afterwards, Edgar Atheling, son of Edward, the son of Eadmund Ironside [q. v.], came to Scotland along with his mother Agatha and his sisters Margaret and Christina. It appears most probable they arrived at Dunfermline in the autumn of 1067, and that in the following spring, his first wife being dead, he married Margaret as his second [see, d. 1093]. After his marriage Malcolm was almost incessantly engaged in wars, in the main successfully. He thus guaranteed the independence of his kingdom, and enabled those internal reforms to be carried out which his queen directed. In curious contrast to the culture of his wife. Malcolm could not read, although he is said to have spoken three languages, Latin, English, and Gaelic. In spring 1070 Malcolm came to the aid of Edgar, his brother-in-law, who was fighting William the Conqueror in Northumbria, and, advancing with a large force through Cumberland, ravaged Teesdale and Cleveland, and thence overran the district between the Tees and Tyne till he reached Wearmouth, where he burnt St. Peter's Church. Meantime Edgar had been deserted by his allies, the Danes under Sweyn, king of Denmark, and [q. v.], the exiled Saxon earl of Northumbria. The former went home; the latter was induced by a grant of the Northumbrian earldom to side with William. Malcolm, in revenge for this defection, laid waste Northumbria, carrying away many captives, so that, according to an English chronicler, ‘no village in southern Scotland was without English slaves.’ Availing himself of Malcolm's absence, Gospatric made a counter-raid on Cumbria, but after taking much spoil retreated to Bamborough.

In 1072 William the Conqueror invaded Scotland for the first time with his whole forces by land and sea. Malcolm came to Abernethy on the Tay and ‘made peace with him, and gave hostages, and became his man, and the king went home.’ This brief entry in the ‘Anglo-Saxon Chronicle’ describes a real conquest of Scotland, but its temporary character is shown by the flight of Gospatric, after his deprivation by William of the Northumbrian earldom, to Malcolm, who shortly after made him Earl of Dunbar. Next year Edgar Atheling returned to Malcolm's court, but though well received, his presence was felt to be hazardous under the new relations between the English and the Scottish king, and he was despatched to Flanders. Shipwrecked on his way he again sought shelter with his brother-in-law, but was again dismissed, and, repairing to the court of William in Normandy, submitted to him, as, according to the ‘Anglo-Saxon Chronicle,’ Malcolm had advised. Malcolm now turned his arms against a domestic enemy, and in 1077 defeated the forces of


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iv. 5-

4. Whatever stirs have I seized; eye, breath have I seized; all the limbs have I seized, in the depth (atiçarvará) of the nights.

5. Whoso sits, whoso goes about, and whoso standing looks out—of them we put together the eyes, just like this habitation (harmyá).

6. Let the mother sleep, the father sleep, the dog sleep, the housemaster (viçpáti) sleep; let the relatives (jñātí) of her sleep; let this folk round about sleep.

7. O sleep, with the imposition (abhikaraṇa) of sleep do thou put to. sleep all the folk; till sun-up make the others sleep, till dawning let me be awake, like Indra, uninjured, unexhausted.

Found (except vs. 1) in Pāipp. v. Used by Kāuç. (with, as the schol. and the comm. say, the next following hymn also) in a rite (28. 1 ff.) of healing for poison, with homage to Takṣaka, chief of the serpent gods; and the schol. (but not the comm.)

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153 declare it to be employed elsewhere (29. 1; 32. 20) in similar rites involving Takṣaka. There is no specific reference in the hymn to serpent poison, but distinctly to vegetable poison; and the comm. regards kanda or kandamūla ('tuber' and 'tuber-root') as the plant intended.

Translated: Ludwig, p. 512; Griffith, i. 136; Bloomfield, 25, 373; Weber, xviii. 23.—Cf. Bergaigne-Henry, Manuel, p. 145.

1. The Brahman was born first, with ten heads, with ten mouths; he first drank the soma; he made the poison sapless.

2. As great as [are] heaven-and-earth by their width, as much as the seven rivers spread out (vi-sthā), [so far] have I spoken out from here these words (vā́c), spoilers of poison.

3. The winged (garutmant) eagle consumed (av) thee first, O poison; thou hast not intoxicated (mad), thou hast not racked (rup) [him]; and thou becamest drink for him.

4. He of five fingers that hurled at thee from some crooked bow—from the tip (çalyá) of the apaskambhá have I exorcised (nir-vac) the poison.

Apaskambhá is very obscure; the Pet. Lex. suggests "perhaps the fastening of the arrow-head to the shaft"; Ludwig guesses "barb," but that we have in vs. 5—as we also have çalya, which seems therefore premature here; and, in fact, Ppp. reads instead of it bāhvos; and, as it has elsewhere apaskantasya bāhvos, we might conjecture apa skandhasya etc., 'from shoulder and arms': i.e. from wounds in them. Or, for apaskambha as a part of the body might be compared Suçruta i. 349. 20—unless apastambe

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 * }


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 APPENDIX 'A'

Medal of Honor Ceremony, November 24, 1969

Sergeant Webster Anderson and family

Staff Sergeant Nicky D. Bacon and family

Staff Sergeant Paul R. Lambers and family

Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird

Secretary of the Army Stanley Resor

General William Westmoreland

Colonel William Bagnall

Lt. Col. Frank Hart

Major Paul Miles

Senator Ernest F. Hollings

Senator Strom Thurmond

Senator Robert W. Packwood

Congressman Al Ullman

Congressman Edward Hutchison

Congressman L. Mendel Rivers

and other invited guests


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Page:Smith - The game of go.djvu/195

Rh

7. Q 6.

8. M 5. The following is also good. White playing at Q 8 in order to prevent Black from playing at R 5.

9. K 4.

10. K 6.

11. H 4.

12. G 4.

13. J 6.

14. K 7.

15. G 6.

16. R 11. Black cannot play at R 5 without seeing P 3 and 4 cut off.

17.  R9.

18.  Q14.

19. C 6.

20. C 4.

21. C 14.

22. G 17.

23. C 17.

24. C 16.

25. D 17.

26. E 16.

27. B 16.

28. B 15.

29. B 17.

30. C 15.

31. E 17.

32. F 17.

33. D 14.

34. F 15.

35. M 17.

36. C 8.

37. E 6.

38. D 11.

39. B 14. The ordinary answer to this is A 14, but this time Black cannot play in this way since White would follow at B 12 and thus threaten the black stones at C 8 and D 11.

40. E 8.

41. J 7.

42. K 8.

43. H 9.

44. G 11.

45. A 15. Black could not occupy A 14 on his 42d and 44th moves.

46. J 10.

47. H 3.

48. O 17.

49. J 17.

50. G 2. This move is necessary for the security of the Black position, and at the same time Black does not lose the "Sente" by this move.

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170

for the security of the Black position, and at the same time Black does not lose the "Sente" by this move.

Black has a handicap of three stones.

1. R 14.

2. R 5.

3. P 4.

4. Q 3.

5. P 3.

6. Q 2.

7. R 7. Formerly in this case White played at L 3 and Black replied at Q6.

8. R 6.

9. Q 7.

10. P 5.

11. O 17.

12. Q 14.

13. Q 13.

14. P 14.

15. R 15.

16. R 16.

17. P 13.

18. O 16.

19. N 16.

20. P 17.

21. O 18.

22. O 13.

23. O 12.

24. O 14.

25. K 17.

26. L 3.

27. C 14. At this move White abandons P 3 and 4. If he replied to Black L 3, then there would follow:

and Black has a decisive advantage.

28. L 5.

29. C 8.

30. C 6.

title: Page:Smith - The game of go.djvu/196


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172

31. E 14.

32. C 15.

33. B 14.

34. F 16.

35. E 2.

36. D 2.

37. D 3.

38. C 3.

39. E 3.

40. C 2.

41. J 3.

42. E 4.

43. G 3.

44. K 2. The importance of this move, when a territory merely has the protection of L 3–L 5, has been commented on before.

45. J 5.

46. P 6.

47. O 8.

48. N 12.

49. O 11.

50. H 17.

Black has a handicap of two stones.

1. R 4.

2. D 15.

3. D 17.

4. F 16.

5. C 15.

6. C 14.

7. C 16.

8. D 14.

9. C 8. F 17 is just as good. Then would follow:

10. E 18.

11. D 18.

12. P 3.

13. L 3.

14. P 6.

15. R 7.

16. J 3.

17. L 5.

18. J 5.

19. L 7.

20. R 3.

21. S 3.

22. Q 4. This move and 24-R 2 are necessary because of the white stones on line L.

title: Page:Smith - The game of go.djvu/198


text:
Page:Merry Muses of Caledonia.djvu/52

(　46　)

As honest Jacob on a night, With his beloved beauty, Was duly laid on wedlock's bed, And noddin' at his duty.

"How lang," she cried, "ye fumbling wretch, Will ye be f——ing at it? My auldest wean might die o' age, Before that ye could get it.

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(　47　) "Ye pegh and grane, and goazle there, And make an unco splutter, And I maun lie and thole you, though I'm fient a hair the better."

Then he in wrath put up his graith, "The devil's in the hizzie, I mow you as I mow the lave, And night and day I'm busy. "I've bairned the servant gipsies baith, Forbye your titty Leah, Ye barren jade, ye put me mad, What mair can I do wi' you? "There's ne'er a mow I've gien the lave, But ye hae got a dizzen. But d——d a ane ye'se get again, Although your c——t should gizzen." Then Rachel, calm as ony lamb, She claps him on the waulies; Quo' she, "Ne'er fash a woman's' clash, In troth ye mow me brawlies. "My dear 'tis true, for mony a mow, I am your gratefu' debtor, But ance again, I dinna ken, Will aiblins happen better." The honest man wi' little wark, He soon forgot his ire; The patriarch he coost the sark, And up and till't like fire.

title: Page:Merry Muses of Caledonia.djvu/53


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Rose, W. Kinnaird


text:
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242 ā-wyrdan, w. v., destroy, 1113.

title: Page:Beowulf (Wyatt).djvu/266


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 42.djvu/141

 an appointment as first secretary of legation in Japan. He arrived at Yeddo at the end of June 1861. On the evening of 5 July a night attack was made on the embassy. Oliphant rushed out with a hunting-whip, and was attacked by a Japanese with a heavy two-handed sword. A beam, invisible in the darkness, interfered with the blows, but Oliphant was severely wounded, and sent on board ship to recover. He had to return to England after a visit to the Corea, where he discovered a Russian force occupying a retired bay, and obtained their retirement.

Visits to Corfu with the Prince of Wales, then on his way to Palestine, and afterwards to the Herzegovina and the Abruzzi, were his only occupations in 1862. He was now compelled by 'family considerations' to retire from the diplomatic service. Early in 1863 he ran over to look at the insurrection in Poland, and later in the year made another attempt, but was turned back. He then travelled in Moldavia, and went northwards to see a little of the Schleswig-Holstein war. He was now disposed to settle down. He had already once or twice canvassed the Stirling Burghs, and made himself popular with the electors. In 1864 he joined Sir Algernon Borthwick and some other friends in starting a journal called 'The Owl,' of which Thomas Onwhyn [q. v.] was the publisher. It was suggested at a dinner-party in fun, and was intended to be partly a mystification, supported by an affected knowledge of profound political secrets. Sir Alffemon Borthwick undertook to print it, and it caused much amusement to the initiated. Oliphant contributed only to the first ten numbers, retiring when it was taken up more seriously. In the following year he published 'Piccadilly: a Fragment of Contemporary Biography,' in 'Blackwood's Magazine' (republished, with illustrations by K. Doyle, in 1870).

In 1865 Oliphant was returned at the general election for the Stirling Burghs. He did little in parliament, and was not much edified, it appears, by the manoeuvres which attended the passage of the Reform Bill of 1867. A singular change now took place in his life. His rambling and adventurous career had given him much experience, but had not made up for a desultory education. He loved excitement,was a universal favourite in society, and had had flirtations in every quarter of the globe. He was a clear-headed man of business, had seen the mysteries of official life, and was a brilliant journalist. From his earliest years, however, he had also strong religious impressions, and in his letters to his motnerspeculations upon his own state of mind and the various phenomena of religions of all varieties had alternated with sparkling descriptions of adventure and society. He had been interested successively in many of the books which reflect contemporary movements of thought. He had read Theodore Parker, W. Smith's 'Thomdale,' Maurice's writings, and Morell's 'History of Philosophy.' His want of intellectual ballast, however, left him at the mercy of any pretender to inspiration. His oflicial and social experience had dispersed many illusions, and his 'Piccadilly,' very brightly written, is not a novel proper, but a satire directed against the various hypocrisies and corruptions of society. He had come, he says, to think that the world at large was a ' lunatic asylum,' a common opinion among persons not themselves conspicuous for sanity. He mentions in it ' the greatest poet of the age, Thomas Lake Harris,' author of 'The Great Republic : a Poem of the Sun.' Harris is also typified in a mysterious prophet who meets the nero, and was, in fact, the head of a community in America. The creed appears to have been the usual mixture of scraps of misunderstood philosophy and science, with peculiar views about 'physical sensations' caused by the life of Christ m man, and a theory that marriage should be a Platonic relation. Oliphant had also some belief in 'spiritualism,' though he came to regard it as rather diabolical than divine. In 1867 he resided his seat in parliament, and joined Harris's community at Brocton, or 'Salem-on-Erie.' Harris was in the habit of casting out devils and forming magnetic circles among his disciples. Oliphant became his spiritual slave. He was set to work on the farm, was ordered to drive teams and 'cadge strawberries on the railway,' and, after walking all day, was sent out at night to draw water Hill his fingers were almost frost-bitten.' He made over all his money to the community. Oliphant's mother also joined the community in 1868, and, though living at the same place, was not allowed to hold any confidential communication with him. After going through this probation the disciples were to regenerate the world, and mother and son are said to have 'found perfect peace and contentment.' In 1870 Oliphant returned under Harris's orders, and was supported by a small allowance. He resumed his former occupation by becoming ' Times ' correspondent in the Franco-German war. He was with the French and afterwards with the German armies, and suddenly returned to America, in obedience, it is said, to a sign prescribed by Harris — namely, by a bullet grazing his hair. He soon came back, how-


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 42.djvu/143

 in the Bay of Acre, in the neighbourhood of various Jewish colonies. He wrote there his story 'Altiora Peto,' 1883, in the 'Piccadilly' style, the name being derived from a motto of his branch of the Oliphant family. At Haifa they collected a number of sympathisers, though they did not form exactly a community. Oliphant, it seems, was now regarded as a 'sort of head of affairs at Brocton,' which was no longer in connection with Harris. Visitors from Brocton, as well as natives and Jewish immigrants, gathered around them. They built a small house at Dalieh in the neighbourhood, and endeavoured to carry out their ideal of life. They gave expositions of their views to various inquirers, and were not converted to 'Esoteric Buddhism.' A strange book, called 'Sympneumata,' was written by them in concert and, as they thought, by a kind of common inspiration. Some who had sympathised, however, were alienated 'in fear' and others 'in disgust.' Others regarded it as harmless nonsense. Oliphant also wrote 'Massollam,' 1886, which gives his final judgment of Harris.

During a trip to the Lake of Tiberias, at the end of 1886, Mrs. Oliphant caught a fever, and died on 2 Jan. 1887. Oliphant believed that she soon came back to him in spirit, and sent messages through him to her friends. Her presence was shown by strange convulsive movements. lie ret umed to England to carry out a tour which they had Elanned to take together. He was much broken, though he could still often talk with his old brightness. He wrote a series of papers in 'Blackwood,' published in 1887 as 'Episodes in a Life of Adventure ; or Moss from a Rolling Stone,' which describe his early career with great spirit. He also published at Haifa a description of Palestine and 'Fashionable Philosophy,' 1887, a collection of various stories. In 1887 he returned to Haifa, and wrte a pamphlet called 'The Star in the East' for the benefit of Mahommedans. It is said to have made one Arab convert, who was 'not much credit to his leader.' He returned to England and finished his last book, 'Scientific Religion; or Evolutionary Forces now Active in Man,' 1888. It helped to bring about him a crowd of 'spiritualists' and people capable of mistaking twaddle about the masculine-feminine principle for philosophy. He visited America in 1888, and returned with Miss Rosamond Dale Owen, daughter of Robert Dale Owen [q. v], to whom he was married at Malvern on 16 Aug. A few days later he was seized with a dangerous illness at the house of his old friends, the Walkers, at Surbiton. Thence he was moved to York House, Twickenham, to be the guest of his friend Sir Mountstuart Grant Duff. The illness was hopeless from the first, though he was flattered by hopes of a miraculous cure. He was still cheerful and even witty to the last, and died peacefully on 23 Dec. 1888.

The charm of Oliphant's alert and versatile intellect and sympathetic character was recognised by a wide circle of friends. It was felt not least by those who most regretted the strange religious developments which led to the waste of his powers and his enslavement to such a propnet as Harris. He was beloved for his boyish simplicity and the warmth of heart which appeared through all his illusions. Suggestions of insanity were, of course, made, but apparently without definite reasons. Remarkable talents without thorough training have through many minds off their balance, and Oliphant's case is only exceptional for the singular combination of two apparently inconsistent careers. Till his last years, at any rate, his religious mysticism did not disqualify him for being also a shrewd financier, a charming man of the world, and a brilliant writer. His works have been mentioned above. He also contributed many articles to 'Blackwood's Magazine' and the 'Times.'

 OLIPHANT, THOMAS (1799–1873), writer and musical composer, was born 25 Dec. 1799, at Condie, Strathearn, Perthshire, in the house of his father, Ebenezer Oliphant; his mother was Mary, the third daughter of Sir William Stirling, bart., of Ardoch, Perthshire. After being educated at Winchester College and by private tutors, he became for a short time a member of the Stock Exchange, London, but soon relinquished commerce to devote himself to literature and music. In 1830 he was admitted a member of the Madrigal Society, of which he afterwards became honorary secretary, and, for the use of its members, he adapted English words to a considerable number of Italian madrigals, in some cases writing original verses, in others by merely trans-


text:
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Rh

þā sēlestan,snotere ceorlas, þēoden Hrōðgār,þæt ic þē sōhte, forþan hīe mægenes cræftmīn[n]e cūþon; selfe ofersāwon,ðā ic of searwum cwōm, fāh from fēondum,þǣr ic fīfe geband, ȳðde eotena cyn,ond on ȳðum slōg niceras nihtes,nearo-þearfe drēah, wræc *Wedera nīð(wēan āhsodon), forgrand gramum;ond nū wið Grendel sceal, wið þām āglǣcan,āna gehēgan ðing wið þyrse.Ic þē nū ðā, brego Beorht-Dena,biddan wille, eodor Scyldinga,ānre bēne, þæt ðū mē ne forwyrne,wīgendra hlēo, frēo-wine folca,nū ic þus feorran cōm, þæt ic mōte āna[ond] mīnra eorla gedryht, þes hearda hēap,Heorot fǣlsian. Hæbbe ic ēac geāhsod,þæt se ǣglǣca for his won-hȳdumwǣpna ne rēcceð; ic þæt þonne forhicge,swā mē Higelāc sīe, mīn mon-drihten,mōdes bliðe, þæt ic sweord bereoþðe sīdne scyld, geolo-rand tō gūþe;ac ic mid grāpe sceal fōn wið fēonde,ond ymb feorh sacan lāð wið lāþum;ðǣr gelȳfan sceal Dryhtnes dōmesē þe hine dēað nimeð. Wēn ic þæt hē wille,gif hē wealdan mōt, in þǣm. gūð-seleGēatena lēode }}

title: Page:Beowulf (Wyatt).djvu/43


text: Page:The Oxford book of Italian verse.djvu/36


text:
Page:The Oxford book of Italian verse.djvu/565

Rh critical studies of Italian literature. [Opere, Zanichelli, Bologna, 1903.]

336. Alla Vittoria: the bronze "Victory" of Brescia was discovered in 1826.

337. Le Due Torri: of Bologna. . Irnerius lectured on the Roman Pandects, discovered at Amalfi in the eleventh century. . Charles V was crowned at Bologna in 1530.

338. Per la Morte di Napoleone Eugenio. Died fighting for England in Zululand [Isandula, 12th July, 1879]. . Letizia: Letizia Romolino, mother of Napoleon I.

339. Miramar. The Emperor Maximilian of Mexico was shot by the republicans at Queretaro, June 9, 1867. 565


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 has lost knowledge, has forgotten, because the thing failing, he has lost indeed knowledge, yet has not forgotten removing: then that, in which the objection consists, we must assert the remainder, as if, the thing remaining, he has lost knowledge, (we must say) that he has forgotten. Likewise, also, against those who object that a greater evil is opposed to a greater good, for they advance this, that to health being a less good than good bodily habit, a greater evil is opposed, since disease is a greater evil than cachexy, therefore in this case also we must take away that in which the objection consists, for when it is removed, the person would more readily concede, as that a greater evil is opposed to a greater good, unless one thing co-introduces another, as a good bodily habit, does health. Still, not only must this be done when there is an objection, but also if without an objection there should be a denial, from foreseeing something of this kind, since when that is removed in which the objection lies, (the objector) will be obliged to concede from his not foreseeing in the remainder, as to what particular thing it is not so, but if he should not concede when he is asked for his objection, he will not be able to allege it. Propositions indeed of this kind are such as are partly false and partly true, for in these it is possible, when we have taken away, to leave the remainder true; nevertheless, if (when interrogating), he proposes in many things, (the other) does not adduce an objection, concession must be claimed, since the proposition is dialectic, against which thus subsisting in many things there is not an objection.

When we can syllogistically infer the same thing, both without and through the impossible, it signifies nothing to him, who demonstrates, and does not dispute, whether the syllogism be in this, or in that way, but a syllogism through the impossible must not be used by him, who disputes against another. For no doubt can exist, if he syllogizes without the impossible, but when the impossible is inferred, except the falsity be very evident, they say that it is not impossible, so that the interrogators do not obtain what they desire.


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NOTES against Cardinal Giulio de' Medici (afterwards Clement VII) and was exiled; lived in Provence. Returned to Florence in 1527 (the Medici being away on one of their enforced absences); went to Genoa on Florentine affairs, and when his city fell into the hands of the Pope and the Emperor he was again in Provence. Was employed on various missions by François Ier, and was major-domo to Catherine de Médicis. Died at Amboise. Wrote much verse; imitated the Georgics, and translated Sophocles' Antigone. [Versi e prose, 2 vols., P. Raffaelli, Firenze, Le Monnier, 1859; Un Exilé florentin à la Cour de France au XVIe Siècle, H. Hauvette, Paris, Hachette, 1903.]

 (page 239). Born at Lamporecchio. Lived in Florence, and then in Rome, where his patron was Cardinal Bibbiena. Remodelled Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato and wrote numerous Capitoli in the style which he invented (‘Bernesque’). Was in the service of various cardinals,—Ippolito d' Este, Giberti,—and was probably poisoned by one of the same tribe, Cibo, who was enraged at his refusal to offer a poisoned chalice to Cardinal Salviati. [Poesie e Lettere, ed. Gargiolli, Firenze, 1865.]

 (page 241). Born at Lucca; studied at Bologna, Padua, and Ferrara. Canon of Lucca cathedral; in service of Cardinal Farnese (afterwards Paul III) in Rome; was at the coronation of Charles V in Bologna, 1530. Governor of Rome, Bishop of Fossombrone, Papal Nuncio to Spain, Governor of the Romagna. An unusually honest ecclesiastic. Died at Macerata. [Opere, Firenze, Barbèra, 1857.]

 (page 243). Born at Florence; a druggist. Helped to found the Accademia degli Umidi in 1540; Lasca was the nickname he assumed there; also founded the A. della Crusca. Wrote Rime, Petrarchan and burlesque; Le Cene, a collection of novelle, comedies, and farces. [Rime burlesche, ed. Verzone, Firenze, 1882.] 553


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Atta-Culla-Culla


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Attucks, Crispus


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Oconostota


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Odenheimer, William Henry


text:
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Rh chamber. The problem involved with using such a field (besides the obvious requirement for immense quantities of energy) is that only charged particles will be channeled out the nozzle. Although the extreme temperatures will instantly ionize all of the atoms and molecules, any neutrons produced in the fusion reaction will not be affected by the magnetic field. Instead they will irradiate the drive and the entire spacecraft over the 100 year transit, and reduce the drive efficiency. Since this is a highly undesirable result, a reaction which produces few to no neutrons is required (see appendix). He3 + H2 yields no neutrons (although realistically some of the deuterium will react with itself producing a limited number of neutrons in each implosion). The problem is not solved, however, since there is not enough He3 on our planet to fuel the spacecraft! Three methods of gaining the necessary He3 have been compared: mining the planet Jupiter; creating He3 through the bombardment of Lithium in nuclear accelerators; and capturing He3 from the Solar Wind. Another possibility is for a further technological breakthrough to enable using higher threshold-energy fusion reactions (higher than H,He) which use more abundant elements in a no-neutron reaction. None of the options seem very reasonable, and each should be explored and further developed to determine the best method for collecting the necessary fusionable material.

The pellet size, in order to obtain the proper mass flow through the nozzle, depends upon the pulse


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Rh frequency. Smaller pellet size could potentially lower the coil mass as well as the igniter mass, although the higher frequency would complicate fuel injection in a system that must run for 100 years continuously, without repair. The appendix shows the spectrum available between the DEADALUS pellet size and frequency (since DEADALUS required a higher mass flow).

After the final upper stage separation, the nuclear reactor will be increased to full power in order to charge the interstellar drive capacitors for initial ignition. The Interstellar drive will then be used for both acceleration and deceleration. The system is to be turned off at the appropriate time (determined through an internal navigational calculation), rotated 180 degrees, and restarted, all while staying on course. The payload contains a 300 kw nuclear power reactor which must be also capable of starting and restarting. The nuclear reactor will have to be ignited, and rechanneled to repower the slowly draining capacitors of the interstellar Drive igniter system, after the spacecraft has fully rotated and stabilized in the proper alignment.

3.2.2.3 Feasibility
The entire Interstellar Drive is highly dependent upon enabling technology. Building an actual scale model that is capable of running continuously for 100 years will be a challenge by itself! Barring further significant technological breakthroughs, the collection of fuel will be the most difficult and time consuming


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Rh portion of the building. Never the less, within 20 years, these projects should be possible with the proper funding. Current technology is already capable of creating singular microexplosions in the laboratory.


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Rh

3.3.1 Instruments
The instruments to be carried on board the probe head are as follows:

 * IR Imagers
 * Visual Imagers
 * UV Telescopes
 * High-energy Particle Detectors
 * Astrometrical Telescopes
 * Wide-Band Spectrophotometers
 * Magnetometers
 * Solar Wind Plasma Analyzers
 * Communications Lasers

Three of each item will be carried on the spacecraft for triple redundancy.

The total weight of the instrumentation package (including everything listed, except the communications lasers) is estimated at not more than 3 metric tons. The estimated weight of the communications lasers is 2 metric tons. The peak power requirement of the instruments is estimated at 300 kW.

The justification for the visual imagers is obvious. Everyone will want to "see" what another star system looks like. In addition to providing important scientific information, a picture will be worth a thousand words or a thousand pages of numbers when it comes to obtaining funding for follow-up missions to other star systems.

IR Imagers and UV Telescopes will provide the first exact data on the characteristics of stars


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Rh other than our own. Also, one must not forget the possibility that the Alpha Centauri system contains planets. These instruments could also provide data on the radiation and thermal environment of any planets in the system.

The High-Energy Particle Detectors are one of the few types of instruments which will be active during the transit to the objective system. Hard data on the energy level and density of such particles could provide insight into the origin and eventual fate of the universe.

The Astrometrical Telescopes will be the backbone of the mission. By providing the data to accurately determine the distance to the further stars, these instruments will advance the study of stellar characteristics immeasurably. The only limit to this aspect of the mission will be the endurance of the spacecraft. (The section on the objective system contains an explanation of how this will be accomplished.)

The Wide-Band Spectro-photometers will determine the composition of the stars and any planet sized bodies which the system may contain.

The Magnetometers will also be in use during the entire life of the probe. These instruments will provide extensive data on what should prove to be the very interesting magnetic field of a trinary star system. Also, they will provide the first hard data on the galactic magnetic field and how it interacts with the magnetic field and how it interacts with the magnetic fields of our own solar system and the


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Rh and the Alpha Centauri system.

The Solar Wind Plasma Analyzers will also provide some scientific "firsts". While the composition of the Sun's solar wind is already known, these instruments will accurately determine how far the wind extends into inter-stellar space. This will also be done for the Centauri wind, as well as determining its composition. Also, the close binary pair of Alpha and Beta Centauri should exhibit a very interesting pattern where their solar winds interact.

The communications lasers, in addition to performing their obvious function, will at the same time provide data on extremely long-range laser communication and the extent of spreading losses caused by the interstellar medium.


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Rh

3.3.2 Instrumentation Configuration
Two possible configurations for the mounting of the instruments were considered. Both consisted of three booms attached to the probe body spaced at 120 degree intervals with each boom supporting a complete instrument package, but one was dynamic and the other static.

The dynamic boom configuration was designed with the intent of retaining the forward particle shield as a structural and operational part of the probe body after orbit is achieved in the target system. The particle shield was to be infused with pipes to provide additional radiating area for waste heat. The shield could also be used to house elements of the probe's central processing units. The major advantages of the dynamic boom configuration are its additional cooling capability and the additional shielding which would be provided in-system for the body of the probe. The major disadvantage is that the mobility of the booms would have to be maintained for the length of the mission. This configuration would require movable mounts at the base of each boom capable of handling the large torques caused by moving the boom. These torques would also pose an additional problem for the probe's attitude control system. Furthermore, the advantage of a larger cooling surface would be offset by the added thermal control


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The static boom configuration, (see Fig. 3.3a) was designed to discard the front particle shield upon approach to the target system. The instrument booms will be firmly attached to the probe body and the only movable parts will be the individual instrument mountings. The major advantages of the static boom configuration are the lower number of parts expected to move after the long interstellar transit, and the lower final mass of the probe in-system. The major disadvantage of this design is the need for pyrotechnics to eject the shield after transit. All things considered, the static boom design was adopted, mostly its the greater reliability.


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3.4 Communications System Design
The major challenges for the communications system of the interstellar probe both occur when the probe enters the target system at a range of 4.3 light-years, or 4.109 x 10^16 meters. This is the maximum transmission range; a fairly high data rate must be maintained, since all probe instrumentation is returning data. The only type of communications system capable of the necessary directivity and data rate is a high-power laser using pulse code modulation (PCM).

Low background noise from the target system is necessary for a low power level, so a laser wavelength of 0.532 microns was chosen. Radiation of this wavelength is almost totally absorbed by the outer atmospheres of K and G type stars, leaving a hole in the absorption spectrum (no transmitted radiation). Laser radiation of this wavelength can then be produced by a frequency-doubled diode-pumped YAg laser with an optical attachment to provide a large initial aperture.

The transmitter aperture is 2 meters in diameter with receiving mirrors of 24 meters diameter. The spreading angle is 1.22*lambda divided by the aperture diameter, or 3.25 x 10^-7 radians (0.067 arcseconds). At 4.34 light-years, the spreading results in a footprint radius of 13.4 million kilometers, 8.9% of an Astronomical Unit (AU). Both the pointing accuracy of the laser mount and the attitude determination capability of the probe must be within 0.067 arcseconds, so very low error laser mounts and star trackers will be used.


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Rh A total input power of 250 kilowatts is needed for each laser that is transmitting. With an assumption of a 20% lasing efficiency, the transmitted power is 50 kilowatts. If the power is distributed isotropically over an area of 5.64 x 10^20 square meters (the area subtended by the laser beam when it reaches Earth), the power density is 8.87 x 10^-17 watts per square meter, or 222 photons per square meter per second. For a 12 meter radius receiving mirror (area of 452.4 square meters), the received power level is 4.01 x 10^-14 watts, or 100,000 photons per second. Using the assumption that a digital pulse 'on' level is 100 photons, the receiver sees 1000 pulses per second. A data rate of 1000 bits per second is low. Note that this rate is the minimum because the transmitter would be at maximum range. If extremely reliable lasers are used, each transmitter can operate at a slightly different wavelength, so the data rate would be up to six times greater depending upon the number of lasers used.

The communications system would use six 250 kilowatt lasers. Three would be placed on the outside of the fuel tanks with the star trackers for communications during the acceleration phase. Three more lasers would be attached to the probe head for communications during the deceleration and in-system phases of the mission. The receiving mirrors would be in geosynchronous orbit about the earth in a constellation of several mirrors with a central node serving as a relay station to TDRSS and the ground.


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3.5 Data Processing
One of the significant "enabling technologies" required to perform the interstellar probe mission is that of advanced processing. When the spacecraft reaches its target, the probe will be 4.3 light-years away from command and control facilities on Earth, and will thus have to be completely autonomous and self-repairing. The processing system will ideally have low power consumption to reduce heat dissipation requirements. It will be multiply redundant with advanced shielding and survivability features, and also be able to control all facets of probe operations, including high level decision-making. As shown in the sectional appendix, the probe must evaluate given mission objectives to control the scientific instruments in order to explore the Alpha Centauri system most effectively. If the system can integrate high-accuracy attitude determination and scientific data instantaneously, the attitude control requirement can be relaxed to a level easily maintained by such a large structure. Finally, the data must be taken out of processor's memory and sent to earth via laser. The communications lasers must be pointed with an accuracy of 0.67 arcseconds, and a hard file of the position of the earth relative to Sol must be retained in memory to govern the pointing of the laser. Once the target system is reached, the processing unit must be able to


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3.6 Guidance
A system of star trackers will be used for both navigation and attitude determination. This system has been chosen for its high accuracy (4 arc sec) and adaptability, and for its low weight (7 kg) and power requirements (18 watts). Star scanners were not chosen since the spacecraft is not rotating, and they are less accurate. The trackers will be coupled to a computer system which will have a star catalogue of 200-300 stars' locations. "Adaptability" refers to this catalogue, because a "best guess" of star locations that the probe will "see" on the trip and in orbit in the Centauri system can be programmed into the computer before launch, thus increasing the accuracy of position/attitude determination. This best guess could even be updated enroute or in Centauri-orbit by the astrometry calculations that the computer will make.

Initially, during the transit between Earth and the point where the probe-head separates from the propulsion system, trackers located on the last fuel tanks will be used. These trackers will be oriented in different directions in order to gain a nearly complete field of view. 18 trackers will be used, 3 in each of the 6 axis directions to get the greatest field of view and triple redundancy. The power for these trackers will come from generators drawing energy from the propulsion system waste heat. In the final mission phase, 9 trackers


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Rh located on the instrument booms will be used, 3 on each boom instrument head. (This will require a very accurate position determination of the boom rotation angles.)

Three 3-axis rate-gyro assemblies will determine the rate of change of any two pointing angles and the spacecraft roll rate. This data will supplement the trackers' information and increase the attitude determination accuracy.

Star tracker parameters:

 * Solid state (vice photomultiplier tube)
 * 4 arcsecond accuracy (future improvement is expected)
 * Magnitude range −1 to +8
 * Field of view 6 × 6 degrees
 * 6 seconds to search field of view
 * 1.2 seconds to search field in 1 × 1 degree search mode
 * Has a track mode during which it follows a specific star
 * Total weight — 189 kg
 * Total power in transit — 324 watts
 * Total power after probe separation — 162 watts

A summary of the attitude control systems available to choose from are listed in Fig. 3.6a. The probe's attitude control will be accomplished using two sets of flywheels arranged on 4 axes (described in section 3.3 Power System), and an auxiliary system of hydrazine thrusters. These flywheels will serve as momentum wheels, controlled by the computer using the attitude/rate information, providing torque to maintain spacecraft stability. The 4-axis configuration will enable the reaction wheels to absorb external torques from any direction. The magnitude of this reaction torque is easily modulated by electronic control of the reaction wheel motor current. One disadvantage of this system is the need to control wheel speeds in order to limit vibrational effects. "Unloading" the energy of


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Rh the wheels is done by transferring momentum to the second set of wheels, discharging energy through the power system, and using the hydrazine thrusters. The hydrazine tanks are located within the main truss between the flywheels, encircled by the main fuel tanks (so they may be cooled by the same refrigeration units). The nozzles are located on the circumference of the spacecraft pointed in each axis direction. The flywheels will be used for attitude control in the star system phase of the mission, and in the Centauri system. The hydrazine system is primarily used as a backup.


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3.7 Thermal Control
There are two significant problems to consider in the thermal design:

 * There is a huge amount of waste heat from the propulsion system and the nuclear reactor (both fission and fusion reactions);
 * The fuel will be stored in large tanks at near-absolute temperatures, and must be shielded from the waste heat of the nuclear reactions.

The spacecraft will require highly efficient radiators to dissipate the thermal energy released by the interstellar drive, namely the inductors, particle beams, and fusion reaction. The radiation from this dissipation process will be reflected away from the rest of the spacecraft by a mirror specifically engineered to reflect infra-red energy. Additionally, conduction will be buffered by special ceramic materials between the power and propulsion units.

The nuclear reactor will dump its waste heat to the same radiators used by the propulsion unit. Ceramic buffers will also be located between the power unit and the fuel tanks.

The fuel tanks will contain pelletized helium and deuterium which must be shielded from conductive and radiative heat energy. During the initial phase of the mission the tanks will be shielded from the sun by a shroud which will be blown off at a sufficient distance from the sun where the solar radiation becomes negligible. The mirrors and ceramic buffers will keep the spacecraft's waste heat away from the tanks, while refrigeration units will keep the fuel vapor pressure


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Rh low enough to remain in pelletized form for the duration of the mission. The tanks will be painted black to emit as much radiation as possible in deep space.

The probe head will be protected from the radiation from Beta in the Centauri system by a thermal blanket. Heat from the computer, instruments, and lasers will be convected through heat pipes to the radiators at the rear of the spacecraft.


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4.0 SPACECRAFT DESIGN
The general structure of the probe consists of five main components. The probe head, fuel tanks, central truss, fission power reactor and fusion drive system.

The actual probe will house all of the necessary instruments and data processing equipment. There will also be a particle shield in front to protect the spacecraft during the interstellar flight phase. The particles may not be all that large, but the spacecraft will be traveling at velocities near 5 percent of the speed of light; therefore, they will have a tremendous amount of energy.

The fuel tanks were designed to be cylinders. This shape was picked for its ease in construction. The calculations on the sizing of the fuel tanks are in the appendix. The tanks are connected to a central framework using explosive bolts which will permit their jettisoning when empty. A detailed structural analysis on the sizing of the tanks may be found in the Appendix. The central truss will be a collapsible space frame and fulfill several functions. Its primary role is to connect the probe head with its power source while providing adequate separation for thermal and radiation protection. Additionally, it will house the attitude determination and control systems and support the fuel tanks during the interstellar transit phase of the mission.


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Rh The fission power reactor will be attached to the aft end of the main truss behind a thermal reflector. This shield will protect the cryogenic fuel from the heat generated by the drive as well as the reactor. The rear end of the reactor will incorporate a flange for mounting fusion drive. This connector will contain pyrotechnic elements to separate the drive system once the spacecraft reaches Alpha Centauri.

The fusion drive system was described in the Propulsion section. It will serve the additional function of providing attach points for the after particle shield and the chemical upper stages. The rear shield is needed during the deceleration phase of the flight when the spacecraft is flying backwards.

A weight table is included in the appendix as well a diagram of the structure.


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20

 etan unforhte,swa hē *oft dyde mægen Hrēð-manna.Nā þū mīnne þearft hafalan hȳclan,ac hē me habban wile d[r]ēore fāhne,gif mec dēað nimeð; byreð blōdig wæl,byrgean þenceð, eteð ān-gengaunmurnlīce, mearcað mōr-hopu;nō ðū ymb mīnes ne þearft līces feormeleng sorgian. Onsend Higelāce,gif mec hild nime, beadu-scrūda betst,þæt mīne brēost wereð, hrægla sēlest;þæt is Hrædlan lāf, Wēlandes geweorc.Gǣð ā wyrd swā hīo scel.”

Hrōðgār maþelode,helm Scyldinga: “F[or w]ere-fyhtum þū,wine mīn Bēowulf, ond for ār-stafumūsic sōhtest. Geslōh þin fæderfǣhðe mǣste, wearþ hē Heaþolāfetō hand-bonan mid Wilfingum;ðā hine Wedera cyn for here-brōganhabban ne mihte. Þanon hē gesōhteSūð-Dena folc ofer ȳða gewealc,Ār-*Scyldinga; ðā ic furþum wēoldfolce Deniga, ond on geogoðe hēoldgimme-rīce

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title: Beowulf (Wyatt)/Beowulf 06


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Assumptions:

 * space station orbit altitude = 300 km
 * space station orbit inclination = 28.5 deg
 * obliquity = 23.5 deg
 * 1 AU = 149.6 x 106 km
 * Earth radius = 6378 km
 * fearth = GMe = 398,601.2 km2/sec2
 * fsun = GMe = 1.3271544 x 1011 km2/sec2
 * fJupiter = GMe = 1.268 x 108 km2/sec2

 * (1) Velocity of probe about the earth:
 * Vp = (GMe/Rcircular).5 = (398,601.2/6678).5 = 7.7258 km/sec

 * (2) Amount of plane change:
 * i = 61x − (28.5x + 23.5x) = 9x

 * (3) Delta-V for 9x plane change:
 * Delta-Vpc = 2 x Vp x sin(i/2) = 1.2123 km/sec

 * (4) Earth escape velocity:
 * Ve−escape = (2GMe/R).5 = 10.9260 km/sec

 * (5) Delta-V to escape earth:
 * Delta-Ve−esc = Ve−esc - Vp = 3.2002 km/sec

 * (6) Velocity of probe around sun:
 * Vp−sun = (fsun/1 AU).5 = 29.7849 km/sec

 * (7) Solar system escape velocity:
 * Vsun−escape = (2fsun/1 AU).5 = 42.1221 km/sec

 * (8) Delta-V to escape the solar system:
 * Delta-Vsun−esc = Vsun−esc - Vp−sun = 12.4273 km/sec

 * (9) Total Delta-V required to escape solar system:
 * Delta-Vtotal = 16.8398 km/sec


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  to William III, is ably constructed. The writer, who was a stranger to the severity which many thought proper to his profession, left many good sayings, though [q. v.] says of him in his autobiography that he was 'rather a merry-andrew than a wit.'

McCORMICK, ROBERT (1800–1890), naval surgeon, explorer, and naturalist, born at. Runham, near Great Yarmouth, on 22 July 1800, was the son of Robert McCormick, surgeon in the navy, son of Robert McCormick of Ballyreagh, co. Tyrone, where the family had been settled for several generations. He studied medicine in 1821, under Sir Astley Cooper, at Guy's and St. Thomas's Hospitals, in 1822 obtained his diploma, and in 1823 entered the navy as an assistant surgeon. He was sent out to the West Indies, where he remained for two years, seeing most of the islands and the coast of the Spanish main. In the summer of 1825 be invalided, and after s year in a cutter in the North Sea, volunteered for Arctic service with Captain [q. v.] with whom he sailed in the Hecla, in the expedition to north of Spitzbergen in the summer of 1827. On his return he was promoted to be 27 Nov. 1827, and two years later again sent out to the West Indies, much against his will. Within three which he again succeeded in getting himself invalided. His next appointment was to a surveying brig on the coast of Brazil. That, he found uncomfortable, and got superseded after a few months. In 1828 he was appointed to a sloop employed for some time in the blockade of the coast of Holland. Early the next year he was sent out to the West Indies, and McCormack, with a rooted dislike to the station, and especially in a small craft, invalided for a third time. He won half-pay for upwards of four years, the intervals of study made many excursions on foot through England and Wales, travelling in all some 3,440 miles, and pursuing on his tours his favourite studies of geology and natural history. In 1839 he was appointed, as much in the capacity of naturalist as surgeon, to the Erebus, then going on a voyage to the Antarctic, under the command of Captain [q. v.]

When the expedition returned to England, in the autumn of 1843, McCormick was disappointed of promotion. In September 1845 he was appointed to the William and Mary yacht at Woolwich. He understood this appointment was for life, or till promotion, and was very angry at being, after two years, moved to the Fisgard, the flagship attached to Woolwich dockyard, from which he was superseded in December 1848. His next idea was to conduct a party in search of Sir John Franklin, and he laid before the board of admiralty a proposal to undertake such a search in an open boat. The admiralty scouted his plan as dangerous, but in 1853, while surgeon of the North Star, he was able to carry it out to some extent. He afterwards published 'Narrative of a Boat Expedition up the Wellington Channel in the year 1852',' 1854, 4to. He returned to England in the Phœnix in October 1853, He had never ceased to urge on the admiralty his claims for promotion, contending that his service with the Antarctic expedition was exceptional and ought to be exceptionally rewarded. The admiralty at last promoted him, on 20 May 1859, to be deputy-inspector of hospitals. He had, however, no employment, and in July 1865 he was put on the retired list, the admiralty refusing him the honorary rank of inspector of hospitals. His friends, as well as himself, thought that he was badly used. He was a man of considerable ability, but in his relations to the admiralty was sadly wanting in tact. He died 28 Oct. 1890. the accounts of his several voyages and expeditions, together with a very detailed autobiography and portraits at different ages, were published in 1884, in 2 vols. 8vo, under the title 'Voyages of Discovery in the Arctic and Antarctic Seas and round the World.'

McCRACKEN, HENRY JOY (1767–1798), United Irishman, was born in Belfast on 31 Aug. 1767, and brought up to the linen business. At the age of twenty-two he was placed at the head of a cotton factory. Adopting nationalist sentiments, he in 1791 joined with [q. v.] in the formation of the first society of United Irishmen in Belfast, and gave himself enthusiastically to the working of designs. In October 1796 he was along with his brother William, and imprisoned in Kilmainham gaol for thirteen months. Ultimately he was liberated on bail, and returning to Belfast threw himself with great ardour into plans for an insurrection. In the spring of 1798 he was appointed to the chief command of the rebels in co. Antrim, and on 6 June issued a manifesto calling the people to arms. On 7 June, along


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Rough calculations for Delta-V's for orbit changes to take the probe out to Jupiter (to take on fuel) are made using Hohmann transfer equations as an approximation (actual orbits would be patched-conics). The first six calculations are the same for this analysis:

 * (1) Energy of Hohmann transfer orbit:
 * Et = −fsun/6.2 AU = −143.0894 km2/sec2

 * (2) Perigee velocity of transfer orbit:
 * V1 = [2(fsun/1 AU + Et)].5 = 38.6171 km/sec

 * (3) Delta-V to enter transfer orbit:
 * Delta-V1 = V1 − Vp−sun = 8.8223 km/sec

 * (4) Apogee velocity of transfer orbit:
 * V2 = [2(fsun/5.2 AU + Et)] = 7.4157 km/sec

 * (5) Velocity required to orbit Jupiter at an altitude of 500,000 km:
 * V3 = (fJupiter/571370).5 = 14.8971 km/sec

 * (6) Delta-V to inject into orbit about Jupiter:
 * V3 − V2 = 7.4814 km/sec

 * (7) Jupiter escape velocity:
 * V3−escape = (2fJupiter/571370).5 = 21.0676 km/sec

 * (8) Delta-V to escape Jupiter:
 * Delta-V3−esc = VJ−esc − VJ = 6.1705 km/sec

 * (9) Velocity of probe about sun at Jupiter distance:
 * Vp−sun−J = (fsun/5.2 AU).5 = 13.0601 km/sec


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Rh :(10) Velocity to escape sun at Jupiter distance:
 * Vsun−esc−J = (2fsun/5.2 AU).5 = 18.4697 km/sec

 * (11) Delta-V to escape sun at Jupiter distance:
 * Vsun−esc−J - Vp−sun−J = 5.4087 km/sec

 * (12) Total Delta-V for Jupiter analysis Delta-V
 * Vtotal = 32.2954 km/sec

This is nearly twice the Delta-V required for the first case. This fact, along with the difficulties involved in mining the atmosphere of Jupiter, getting the fuel to a million kilometer orbit around the planet, etc., has made it obvious that obtaining fuel from Jupiter is not feasible.


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1. Accelerations. The accelerations for the mission were found using the equation F=ma. Since it is a constant thrust, the acceleration will increase at a constant rate. The acceleration was found by dividing the thrust by the mass left at the time. This gives the acceleration chart on page.

2. Velocity. Since the acceleration changed at such a small rate, it was assumed that an average value for the acceleration could be used for computing the velocity. The acceleration at the beginning of a phase and at the end of a phase were averaged. This acceleration was then multiplied by the time interval for which it pertained. This delta V was then added to the previous velocity. The turning point for the mission was found with the computer program on the next page. Different turning points were tried until one was found that gave a final velocity of about 32.935 km/s.


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 * }


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Rh {| style="margin:auto; border-collapse:collapse; text-align:right; width:30em;" Wt. Shuttle Size Wt.
 * Probe
 * No. SRB's
 * Delta V
 * S/C TOTAL
 * mt
 * km/s
 * mt
 * 1409.695||.1||.205||1469.3
 * 1409.695||.2||.401||1528.905
 * 1409.695||.3||.589||1588.51
 * 1409.695||.4||.768||1648.115
 * 1409.695||.5||.94||1707.72
 * 1409.695||.6||1.104||1767.325
 * 1409.695||.7||1.263||1826.93
 * 1409.695||.8||1.415||1886.535
 * 1409.695||.9||1.562||1946.14
 * 1409.695||1||1.703||2005.745
 * }
 * 1409.695||.5||.94||1707.72
 * 1409.695||.6||1.104||1767.325
 * 1409.695||.7||1.263||1826.93
 * 1409.695||.8||1.415||1886.535
 * 1409.695||.9||1.562||1946.14
 * 1409.695||1||1.703||2005.745
 * }
 * 1409.695||.9||1.562||1946.14
 * 1409.695||1||1.703||2005.745
 * }
 * 1409.695||1||1.703||2005.745
 * }


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 with a large body of men, he attacked the king's troops at Antrim, but, notwithstanding the great bravery which he displayed, were defeated after a smart action, in which [q, v.] and others were killed. Along with some others he fled to Slemish mountain, near Ballymena, where he lay concealed for several weeks. When about to sail for America be was arrested by some Carrickfergus yeomen, tried by court-martial in Belfast, and hanged, amid general regret, at the market-house there on 17 July 1798. His body was buried in the old churchyard at the foot of High Street, the graves in which have all since been levelled. A striking portrait of him is given in Madden's 'United Irishmen,' vol. iv. 'He was,' say Mt. Lecky, 'a man of singularly amiable private character, and is said to have formerly taken a part in establishing the first Sunday school in Belfast' (History, viii. 129).

 MACCREERY, JOHN (1768–1832), printer and poet, son of John MacCreery, who died in Fleet Street, London, on 9 Aug. 1811, aged 66 (Gent. Mag. 1811, ii. 197), was born in Ireland in 1768. He set up a press in Houghton Street, Liverpool, where he wrote, and printed in 4to, in 1803, 'The Press; a Poem, published as a Specimen of Typography.' It is dedicated to William Roscoe, his earliest patron, for whom he had in 1796 printed the 'Life of Lorenio de Medici,' in 2 vols. 4to. Though described by Timperley as characterised by 'a general chasteness of language, and a glowing love of freedom,' the poem, which commences with an address to the shade of 'Guttemberg,' and concludes by deploring the 'prostitution of the public journals' and the tyranny of Pitt and Napoleon, appears to the modern reader bombastic and absurd. This impression is not lessened by the 'Lines to an Infant Daughter, who requested some Verses on her Birthday,' and other short poems (including an ode to the memory of Robert Emmet) which fill up the volume. The work is, however, beautifully printed from Baskerville press type, contains some moderate woodcuts by Henry Hole, and a few well-written notes upon the origin and development of the art of printing.

MacCreery removed to London early in the century, made influential literary friends, and 'was considered one of the first practical printers of the metropolis.' There in 1809 he printed the 'Bibliomania' for Dibdin (eight hundred pages, printed almost entirely in non-pareil notes, at a cost, including L.P. copies, of 297l.), and, says the ingenuous author, 'partook of the general joy diffused around (MacCreeriana. in Lit. Reminisc. pp. 323-4). Dibdin highly commends the typographical beauty of his productions (including Ottley's 'Ancient Engraving' and Lord Berners's 'Translation of Froissart'); 'the page,' he says, 'is well set up, the ink black and glossy, the paper mellow-tinted, the press work unexceptionable, the embellishments interesting and appropriate.' From Took's Court, Chancery Lane, MacCreery published in 1827 a second part of 'The Press.' The two parts were reprinted in one volume, London, 8to, 1828, without the woodcuts.

He died at Paris on 18 April 1832, falling a victim to the cholera.

 McCRIE, THOMAS. D.D. (1772–1835), Scottish seceding divine and ecclesiastical historian, eldest son of Thomas McCrie, a substantial linen-weaver,by his first wife Mary (Hood), was born at Duns, Berwickshire, in November 1772. After passing through the parish school, he became an elementary teacher in neighbouring schools. In 1788 he entered at the Edinburgh University, but did not graduate. He became in May 1791 teacher of an 'anti-burgher' school at Brechin, Forfarshire. To qualify himself for the ministry, he studied divinity under Archibald Bruce [q.v.] of Whitburn, Linlithgowshire, professor of theology to the 'general associate synod' (anti-burgher). He was licensed in. September 1795 by the associate presbytery of Kelso, and ordained on 26 May 1796 as minister of the second associate congregation in Potterrow, Edinburgh. He early showed both literary and controversial ability.

Since 1747, when the 'general associate synod' seceded from the 'associate synod on the ground of the unlawfulness of the civic oath [see, and ], changes had come over the minds of the 'anti-burghers' on the question of the mutual relations of civil and ecclesiastical authority. From the position that the civil power is to exercise itself in church matters under the guidance of ecclesiastical criticism, they had advanced to a view of the complete independence of church and state, and consequent denial of any place for civil authority


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Laser-Pumped Light Sail

 * Assumptions:

 * 1) 100% of laser is focused onto the sail continuously for one year.
 * 2) the solar energy to pressure ratio holds true for the specific laser used.

 * At 1 A.U.:

 * 1353 watts/square meter from the sun
 * and
 * 4.6E-6 N/square meter from the sun

 * therefore,

 * 2.94E8 watts/N.

 * Payload Mass = 30,000 kg
 * Delta V required = 13500 km/sec
 * Time interval = 31,472,262 sec (1 year)

 * Therefore,

 * Required acceleration = .429 m/sec squared
 * and
 * The force required = 1268.8 N

 * So that with a laser operating at 100% efficiency
 * Required power = 3.78E12 watts


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 APPENDIX "A"

BI-PARTISAN CONGRESSIONAL BREAKFAST - November 25, 1969

President Nixon

Vice President Agnew

William P. Rogers

Melvin R. Laird

Thomas H. Moorer

Mike Mansfield

J. W. Fulbright

George D. Aiken

John Stennis

Margaret Chase Smith

Gerald R. Ford

E. Ross Adair

L. Mendel Rivers

Leslie C. Arends

Henry A. Kissinger

Bryce N. Harlow

Kenneth E. BeLieu

William E. Timmons


text:
Page:Project Longshot - Advanced Design Program Project Report.pdf/69

Rh

"Ideal" Rocket Nozzle: Perfect Gas
 * Steady Flow - no shock, friction or heat losses
 * One Dimensional Flow
 * Frozen Chemical Equilibrium

 * Ve (exit velocity) = L E
 * L = Limiting Gas Velocity
 * E = Pressure Expansion Ratio

 * $$E = \sqrt{ 1 - \frac{P_e}{P_t}^\frac{\gamma-1}{\gamma} } \quad\quad (P_e = 0)$$

 * $$L = \sqrt{ \frac{ 2 \gamma \overline{R} T_t}{(gamma-1)M} }$$

 * $$\gamma_{(monoatomic)} = 1.67$$
 * $$\overline{R} = 8.31441$$
 * $$M_{H_1} = 1.00794$$
 * $$T_{t_{critical\,deuterium\,fusion}} = 3.5x 10^8 \,\,\, K$$
 * $$L_{\mathrm{max}} = 379 \frac{km}{sec}$$
 * $$I_{sp} = \frac{V_e}{g} = 39000 \, \mathrm{sec}$$


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Page:Richard Nixon's presidential daily calendar - 1969.djvu/1824

 APPENDIX "B"

November 25, 1969

From 12:25 until 12:45 today the President met with members of the nominating committee who will propose to the President names of individuals to serve on the Board. of Directors of the National Center for Voluntary Action.

Meeting with the President were ;, who will serve as Chairman for the National Center for Voluntary Action; and the following members of the no:ninating committee:

First Service Insurande c Agency, Inc.

Richmond, Virginia

Executive Vice President

Council of Jewish Federations & Welfare Funds

New York, New York

Executive Vice President

U. S. Chamber of Commerce

Washington, D. C.

President, and Retired Chairman

Republic Pictures

Los Angeles, California

Interagency Committee on Mexican-American Affairs

Washington, D. C.

Graham, Reid, Ewing and Stapleton

Providence, Rhode Island

 * (President-elect of United Funds & Councils of America, Inc.)


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Page:Richard Nixon's presidential daily calendar - 1969.djvu/1825

, President

National Council of Negro Women

Washington, D. C.

Standard Life Building

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15222

Westminister Cornmunity Center

Bell Gardens, California

Attorney

Debevoise, Plimpton, Lyons and Gates

New York, New York

Dallas, Texas

,· President

Polish National Alliance of the US of NA

Northbrook, Illinois 60062

, President

International Executive Service Corps

New York, New York, 10022

Iowa State University

Ames, Iowa 50010

, Director

AFL-CIO Department of Community Services

Washington, D. C.

Executive Vice President

Hotel Corpora'cion of America

Boston, Massachusetts

This first meeting of the nominating committee is being held in the Executive Office Building.


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Page:Richard Nixon's presidential daily calendar - 1969.djvu/1826

 APPENDIX "C"

Meeting in the Treaty Room of the Residence, November 25, 1969.

Senators attending:

George Aiken Henry Bellmon Wallace Bennett Caleb Boggs Marlow Cook Carl Curtis Peter Dominick Paul Fannin Hiram Fong Ed Gurney Cliff Hansen George Murphy Jim Peterson Ralph Smith Strom Thurmond Milton Young