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Rh ment, either in the warp, or in the woof, or in any thing of skin; then the priest shall command that they wash the thing wherein the plague is, and he shall shut it up seven days more: and the priest shall look on the plague, after that it is washed: and, behold, if the plague have not changed his colour, and the plague be not spread; it is unclean; thou shalt burn it in the fire; it is fret inward, whether it be bare within or without. And if the priest look, and, behold, the plague be somewhat dark after the washing of it; then he shall rend it out of the garment, or out of the skin, or out of the warp, or out of the woof: and if it appear still in the garment, either in the warp, or in the woof, or in any thing of skin; it is a spreading plague: thou shalt burn that wherein the plague is with fire. And the garment, either warp, or woof, or whatsoever thing of skin it be, which thou shalt wash, if the plague be departed from them, then it shall be washed the second time, and shall be clean. This is the law of the plague of leprosy in a garment of woollen or linen, either in the warp, or woof, or any thing of skins, to pronounce it clean, or to pronounce it unclean.

the Lord spake unto Moses, saying. This shall be the law of the leper in the day of his cleansing: He shall be brought unto the priest: and the


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XIV] priest shall go forth out of the camp; and the priest shall look, and, behold, if the plague of leprosy be healed in the leper; then shall the priest command to take for him that is to be cleansed two birds alive and clean, and cedar wood, and scarlet, and hyssop: and the priest shall command that one of the birds be killed in an earthen vessel over running water: as for the living bird, he shall take it, and the cedar wood, and the scarlet, and the hyssop, and shall dip them and the living bird in the blood of the bird that was killed over the running water: and he shall sprinkle upon him that is to be cleansed from the leprosy seven times, and shall pronounce him clean, and shall let the living bird loose into the open field. And he that is to be cleansed shall wash his clothes, and shave off all his hair, and wash himself in water, that he may be clean: and after that he shall come into the camp, and shall tarry abroad out of his tent seven days. But it shall be on the seventh day, that he shall shave all his hair off his head and his beard and his eyebrows, even all his hair he shall shave off: and he shall wash his clothes, also he shall wash his flesh in water, and he shall be clean. And on the eighth day he shall take two he lambs without blemish, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish, and three tenth deals of fine flour for a meat offering,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Rh mingled with oil, and one log of oil. And the priest that maketh him clean shall present the man that is to be made clean, and those things, before the Lord, at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation: and the priest shall take one he lamb, and offer him for a trespass offering, and the log of oil, and wave them for a wave offering before the Lord: and he shall slay the lamb in the place where he shall kill the sin offering and the burnt offering, in the holy place: for as the sin offering is the priest's, so is the trespass offering: it is most holy: and the priest shall take some of the blood of the trespass offering, and the priest shall put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot: and the priest shall take some of the log of oil, and pour it into the palm of his own left hand: and the priest shall dip his right finger in the oil that is in his left hand, and shall sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times before the Lord: and of the rest of the oil that is in his hand shall the priest put upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the trespass offering: and the remnant of the oil that is in the priest's hand he shall pour upon the head of him that


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/North, Thomas (1830-1884)


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XIV] is to be cleansed: and the priest shall make an atonement for him before the Lord. And the priest shall offer the sin offering, and make an atonement for him that is to be cleansed from his uncleanness; and afterward he shall kill the burnt offering: and the priest shall offer the burnt offering and the meat offering upon the altar: and the priest shall make an atonement for him, and he shall be clean. And if he be poor, and cannot get so much; then he shall take one lamb for a trespass offering to be waved, to make an atonement for him, and one tenth deal of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat offering, and a log of oil; and two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, such as he is able to get; and the one shall be a sin offering, and the other a burnt offering. And he shall bring them on the eighth day for his cleansing unto the priest, unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, before the Lord. And the priest shall take the lamb of the trespass offering, and the log of oil, and the priest shall wave them for a wave offering before the Lord: and he shall kill the lamb of the trespass offering, and the priest shall take some of the blood of the trespass offering, and put it upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot: and the priest shall pour of the oil


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Rh into the palm of his own left hand: and the priest shall sprinkle with his right finger some of the oil that is in his left hand seven times before the Lord: and the priest shall put of the oil that is in his hand upon the tip of the right ear of him that is to be cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the great toe of his right foot, upon the place of the blood of the trespass offering: and the rest of the oil that is in the priest's hand he shall put upon the head of him that is to be cleansed, to make an atonement for him before the Lord. And he shall offer the one of the turtledoves, or of the young pigeons, such as he can get; even such as he is able to get, the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, with the meat offering: and the priest shall make an atonement for him that is to be cleansed before the Lord. This is the law of him in whom is the plague of leprosy, whose hand is not able to get that which pertaineth to his cleansing.

And the Lord spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying, When ye be come into the land of Canaan, which I give to you for a possession, and I put the plague of leprosy in a house of the land of your possession; and he that owneth the house shall come and tell the priest, saying, It seemeth to me there is as it were a plague in the house: then the priest shall


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XIV] command that they empty the house, before the priest go into it to see the plague, that all that is in the house be not made unclean: and afterward the priest shall go in to see the house: and he shall look on the plague, and, behold, if the plague be in the walls of the house with hollow strakes, greenish or reddish, which in sight are lower than the wall; then the priest shall go out of the house to the door of the house, and shut up the house seven days: and the priest shall come again the seventh day, and shall look: and, behold, if the plague be spread in the walls of the house; then the priest shall command that they take away the stones in which the plague is, and they shall cast them into an unclean place without the city: and he shall cause the house to be scraped within round about, and they shall pour out the dust that they scrape off without the city into an unclean place: and they shall take other stones, and put them in the place of those stones; and he shall take other morter, and shall plaister the house. And if the plague come again, and break out in the house, after that he hath taken away the stones, and after he hath scraped the house, and after it is plaistered; then the priest shall come and look, and, behold, if the plague be spread in the house, it is a fretting leprosy in the house: it is unclean. And he shall break down the


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Morwen, Robert


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Rh house, the stones of it, and the timber thereof, and all the morter of the house; and he shall carry them forth out of the city into an unclean place. Moreover he that goeth into the house all the while that it is shut up shall be unclean until the even. And he that lieth in the house shall wash his clothes; and he that eateth in the house shall wash his clothes. And if the priest shall come in, and look upon it, and, behold, the plague hath not spread in the house, after the house was plaistered: then the priest shall pronounce the house clean, because the plague is healed. And he shall take to cleanse the house two birds, and cedar wood, and scarlet, and hyssop: and he shall kill the one of the birds in an earthen vessel over running water: and he shall take the cedar wood, and the hyssop, and the scarlet, and the living bird, and dip them in the blood of the slain bird, and in the running water, and sprinkle the house seven times: and he shall cleanse the house with the blood of the bird, and with the running water, and with the living bird, and with the cedar wood, and with the hyssop, and with the scarlet: but he shall let go the Hving bird out of the city into the open fields, and make an atonement for the house: and it shall be clean.

This is the law for all manner of plague of leprosy, and scall, and for the leprosy of a garment, and of a


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XV] house, and for a rising, and for a scab, and for a bright spot: to teach when it is unclean, and when it is clean: this is the law of leprosy.

the Lord spake unto Moses and to Aaron, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them. When any man hath a running issue out of his flesh, because of his issue he is unclean. And this shall be his uncleanness in his issue: whether his flesh run with his issue, or his flesh be stopped from his issue, it is his uncleanness. Every bed, whereon he lieth that hath the issue, is unclean: and every thing, whereon he sitteth, shall be unclean. And whosoever toucheth his bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And he that sitteth on any thing whereon he sat that hath the issue shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And he that toucheth the flesh of him that hath the issue shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And if he that hath the issue spit upon him that is clean; then he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And what saddle soever he rideth on that hath the issue shall be unclean. And whosoever toucheth any thing that was under him shall be unclean until the even: and he that beareth any


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Rh of those things shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And whomsoever he toucheth that hath the issue, and hath not rinsed his hands in water, he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And the vessel of earth, that he toucheth which hath the issue, shall be broken: and every vessel of wood shall be rinsed in water. And when he that hath an issue is cleansed of his issue; then he shall number to himself seven days for his cleansing, and wash his clothes, and bathe his flesh in running water, and shall be clean. And on the eighth day he shall take to him two turtledoves, or two young pigeons, and come before the Lord unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and give them unto the priest: and the priest shall offer them, the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for him before the Lord for his issue. And if any man's seed of copulation go out from him, then he shall wash all his flesh in water, and be unclean until the even. And every garment, and every skin, whereon is the seed of copulation, shall be washed with water, and be unclean until the even. The woman also with whom man shall lie with seed of copulation, they shall both bathe themselves in water, and be unclean until the even.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brutton, Nicholas


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XV] And if a woman have an issue, and her issue in her flesh be blood, she shall be put apart seven days: and whosoever toucheth her shall be unclean until the even. And every thing that she lieth upon in her separation shall be unclean: every thing also that she sitteth upon shall he unclean. And whosoever toucheth her bed shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And whosoever toucheth any thing that she sat upon shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the even. And if it be on her bed, or on any thing whereon she sitteth, when he toucheth it, he shall be unclean until the even. And if any man lie with her at all, and her flowers be upon him, he shall be unclean seven days; and all the bed whereon he lieth shall be unclean. And if a woman have an issue of her blood many days out of the time of her separation, or if it run beyond the time of her separation; all the days of the issue of her uncleanness shall be as the days of her separation: she shall be unclean. Every bed whereon she lieth all the days of her issue shall be unto her as the bed of her separation: and whatsoever she sitteth upon shall be unclean, as the uncleanness of her separation. And whosoever toucheth those things shall be unclean, and shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in


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Rh water, and be unclean until the even. But if she be cleansed of her issue, then she shall number to herself seven days, and after that she shall be clean. And on the eighth day she shall take unto her two turtles, or two young pigeons, and bring them unto the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. And the priest shall offer the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering; and the priest shall make an atonement for her before the Lord for the issue of her uncleanness. Thus shall ye separate the children of Israel from their uncleanness; that they die not in their uncleanness, when they defile my tabernacle that is among them.

This is the law of him that hath an issue, and of him whose seed goeth from him, and is defiled therewith; and of her that is sick of her flowers, and of him that hath an issue, of the man, and of the woman, and of him that lieth with her that is unclean.

the Lord spake unto Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they offered before the Lord, and died; and the Lord said unto Moses, Speak unto Aaron thy brother, that he come not at all times into the holy place within the vail before the mercy seat, which is upon the ark; that he die not: for I will appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat. Thus shall Aaron come into the holy place: with a


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XVI] young bullock for a sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering. He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches upon his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen mitre shall he be attired: these are holy garments; therefore shall he wash his flesh in water, and so put them on. And he shall take of the congregation of the children of Israel two kids of the goats for a sin offering, and one ram for a burnt offering. And Aaron shall offer his bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and make an atonement for himself, and for his house. And he shall take the two goats, and present them before the Lord at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. And Aaron shall cast lots upon the two goats; one lot for the Lord, and the other lot for the scapegoat. And Aaron shall bring the goat upon which the Lord's lot fell, and offer him for a sin offering. But the goat, on which the lot fell to be the scapegoat, shall be presented alive before the Lord, to make an atonement with him, and to let him go for a scapegoat into the wilderness. And Aaron shall bring the bullock of the sin offering, which is for himself, and shall make an atonement for himself, and for his house, and shall kill the bullock of the sin offering which is for himself: and he shall take a censer full of burning coals of fire from off the altar


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Rh before the Lord, and his hands full of sweet incense beaten small, and bring it within the vail: and he shall put the incense upon the fire before the Lord, that the cloud of the incense may cover the mercy seat that is upon the testimony, that he die not: and he shall take of the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it with his finger upon the mercy seat eastward; and before the mercy seat shall he sprinkle of the blood with his finger seven times.

Then shall he kill the goat of the sin offering, that is for the people, and bring his blood within the vail, and do with that blood as he did with the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat, and before the mercy seat: and he shall make an atonement for the holy place, because of the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and because of their transgressions in all their sins: and so shall he do for the tabernacle of the congregation, that remaineth among them in the midst of their uncleanness. And there shall be no man in the tabernacle of the congregation when he goeth in to make an atonement in the holy place, until become out, and have made an atonement for himself, and for his household, and for all the congregation of Israel. And he shall go out unto the altar that is before the Lord, and make an atonement for it; and shall take of the blood of the bul-


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ERIL sharpens the intellect. Archie's mind as a rule worked in rather a languid and restful sort of way, but now it got going with a rush and a whir. He glared round the room. He had never seen a room so devoid of satisfactory cover. And then there came to him a scheme, a ruse. It offered a chance of escape. It was, indeed, a bit of all right.

Peter, the snake, loafing contentedly about the carpet, found himself seized by what the Encyclopædia calls the "distensible gullet" and looked up reproachfully. The next moment he was in his bag again; and Archie, bounding silently into the bathroom, was tearing the cord off his dressing-gown.

There came a banging at the door. A voice spoke sternly. A masculine voice this time.

"Say! Open this door!"

Archie rapidly attached the dressing-gown cord to the handle of the bag, leaped to the window, opened it, tied the cord to a projecting piece of iron on the sill, lowered Peter and the bag into the depths, and closed the window again. The whole affair took but a few seconds. Generals have received the thanks of their nations for displaying less resource on the field of battle.

He opened the door. Outside stood the bereaved

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68 woman, and beside her a bullet-headed gentleman with a bowler hat on the back of his head, in whom Archie recognised the hotel detective.

The hotel detective also recognised Archie, and the stern cast of his features relaxed. He even smiled a rusty but propitiatory smile. He imagined—erroneously—that Archie, being the son-in-law of the owner of the hotel, had a pull with that gentleman; and he resolved to proceed warily lest he jeopardise his job.

"Why, Mr. Moffam!" he said, apologetically. "I didn't know it was you I was disturbing."

"Always glad to have a chat," said Archie, cordially. "What seems to be the trouble?"

"My snake!" cried the queen of tragedy. "Where is my snake?"

Archie looked at the detective. The detective looked at Archie.

"This lady," said the detective, with a dry little cough, "thinks her snake is in your room, Mr. Moffam."

"Snake?"

"Snake's what the lady said."

"My snake! My Peter!" Mme. Brudowska's voice shook with emotion. "He is here—here in this room."

Archie shook his head.

"No snakes here! Absolutely not! I remember noticing when I came in."

"The snake is here—here in this room. This man had it in a bag! I saw him! He is a thief!"

"Easy, ma'am!" protested the detective. "Go easy! This gentleman is the boss's son-in-law."

"I care not who he is! He has my snake! Here—here in this room!"

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Rh "Mr. Moffam wouldn't go round stealing snakes."

"Rather not," said Archie. "Never stole a snake in my life. None of the Moffams have ever gone about stealing snakes. Regular family tradition! Though I once had an uncle who kept gold-fish."

"Here he is! Here! My Peter!"

Archie looked at the detective. The detective looked at Archie. "We must humour her!" their glances said.

"Of course," said Archie, "if you'd like to search the room, what? What I mean to say is, this is Liberty Hall. Everybody welcome! Bring the kiddies!"

"I will search the room!" said Mme. Brudowska.

The detective glanced apologetically at Archie.

"Don't blame me for this, Mr. Moffam," he urged.

"Rather not! Only too glad you've dropped in!"

He took up an easy attitude against the window, and watched the empress of the emotional drama explore. Presently she desisted, baffled. For an instant she paused, as though about to speak, then swept from the room. A moment later a door banged across the passage.

"How do they get that way?" queried the detective. "Well, g'bye, Mr. Moffam. Sorry to have butted in."

The door closed. Archie waited a few moments, then went to the window and hauled in the slack. Presently the bag appeared over the edge of the window-sill.

"Good God!" said Archie.

In the rush and swirl of recent events he must have omitted to see that the clasp that fastened the bag was properly closed; for the bag, as it jumped on to the window-sill, gaped at him like a yawning face. And inside it there was nothing.

Archie leaned as far out of the window as he could

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лошадиный horse. Это мотор в сто лошадиных сил. This is a hundred-horsepower motor.

лошадь (P -ди, лошадей, i лошадьми F) horse. К нам надо ехать со станции на лошадях. You'll have to take a horse-drawn carriage at the station to get to our house. □ беговая лошадь race horse. верховая лошадь saddle horse. Где тут можно получить верховую лошадь? Where can I hire a saddle horse? ломовая лошадь truck horse.

луг (P -а, -ов/на лугу/) meadow. Поблизости от колхоза обширные луга. There are very large meadows near the kolkhoz.

лужа puddle. После дождя на улице стоили глубокие лужи. There were big puddles in the street after the rain. — Дом в ужасном состоянии — крыша протекает, на полу лужи. The house is in terrible condition. The roof leaks and there are puddles on the floor. □ *Он пришёл не приготовившись, и сел в лужу. He was poorly prepared and failed miserably.

лук (/g -у/) onion. У нас сегодня пирог с луком. We have an onion pie today. — Хотите бифштекс с луком? Would you care for a steak with onions? □ зелёный лук scallion. Я люблю селёдку с зелёным луком. I like herring with scallions.

луна (P луны) moon.

лупа magnifying glass.

луч (-а) ray. Сюда не проникает ни единого луча солнца. Not a single ray of sunshine ever gets in here. • beam. Лётчик пошёл на посадку по радиолучу. The flier came in on the beam.

лучина kindling. Наколите лучины для самовара. Get some kindling ready to heat up the samovar.

лучше See хороший.

лучший (/cp of хороший/).

лыжа ski. Я сломал лыжу. I broke my ski. □ ходить на лыжах to ski. Они хорошо ходят на лыжах. They ski well. □ *Он решил навострить лыжи. He decided to skip out.

лыжник skier.

лысый (sh -са) bald. Нет, он не лысый, это у него голова выбрита наголо. He's not bald; it's just that his head is shaved. — Он лыс, как колено. He's as a bald as a billiard ball.

льва See лев.

львы See лев.

льготный at a reduced rate. Железные дороги дают льготные билеты своим рабочим и служащим. The railroads give all their employees transportation at reduced rates.

льда See лёд.

льдина ice floe. Он два дня продержался на льдине, пока не подоспела помощь. He held on to an ice floe for two days until he was rescued.

льды See лёд.

льна See лён.

льняной flaxen.

льстить to flatter. Ему льстит внимание художников. He feels flattered by the attention artists pay to him. — Он всем льстит. He flatters everybody.

льщу See льстить.

лью See лить.

любезность (F) politeness. Он ничего особенного для вас не сделал, это была простая любезность. He didn't do anything special for you; he just did it out of politeness. • favor. Окажите мне эту любезность. Do me this favor.

любезный kind. Он всегда очень любезен. He's always very kind. — Будьте любезны, прекратите этот шум! Will you be kind enough to stop that noise! • polite. Он всегда со всеми любезен. He's polite to everyone. □ любезно graciously. Профессор любезно согласился прочесть лекцию у нас в клубе. The professor graciously consented to lecture at our club. • kindly. Он любезно согласился взять для вас посылку. He kindly agreed to take the package for you.

любимец (-мца) favorite. Он был любимцем матери. He was his mother's favorite.

любимица favorite F. Эта артистка любимица публики. This actress is a favorite with the public.

любимый (/prpp of любить/) favorite. Он надел свой любимый галстук. He put on his favorite necktie. — Это моё любимое блюдо. This is my favorite dish. • darling. Мой любимый! Darling! □ любимая девушка sweetheart. Он получил письмо от любимой девушки. He received a letter from his sweetheart. любимое занятие hobby. Фотография — моё любимое занятие. Photography is my hobby.

любитель (M) fan. Я всегда был любителем спорта. I've always been a sports fan. • amateur. Эти любители играют не хуже иных профессионалов. These amateurs are as good as some professionals. □ Я не слишком большой любитель грибов. I'm not so crazy about mushrooms.

любить (люблю, любит) to love. Я вас люблю: хотите быть моей женой? I love you. Do you want to marry me? — Они безумно любили друг друга. They loved each other madly. • to like. Я люблю, чтобы в комнате было светло. I like a lot of light in a room. — Я очень люблю Чехова. I like Chekhov very much. — Он любит свою работу. He likes his work. • to be fond of. Я люблю сладкое. I'm fond of sweets.

—любовь (-бви, i любовью F) love. Наша любовь оказалась недолговечной. Our love proved short-lived. — Меня в нём подкупает его бескорыстная любовь к людям. What won me over to him was his unselfish love of people. — Эта девушка — моя первая любовь. This girl was my first love • devotion. Я только во время войны понял, что такое любовь к родине. Only in wartime did I understand the meaning of devotion to one's country. □ Он это сделал так — из любви к искусству. He did this just for the fun of it. • *Любовь зла, полюбишь и козла. Love is blind.

любой any. Приходите к нам в любое время. Come to see us any time you like. — Я этого добьюсь любой ценой. I'll get it done at any cost. • any kind. Любая работа мне подойдёт. Any kind of work will suit me. • any one Можете выбрать любую из этих книг. You may choose any one of these books.

любопытный curious. Ишь, какой любопытный, всюду свой нос суёт. He's so damned curious he sticks his nose in everywhere. • odd. Это любопытное совпадение. It's an odd coincidence. □ любопытно curious. Любопытно было бы узнать,


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70 manage without committing suicide. Far below him, the traffic took its usual course and the pedestrians moved to and fro upon the pavements. There was no crowding, no excitement. Yet only a few moments before a long green snake with three hundred ribs, a distensible gullet, and gastrocentrous vertebræ must have descended on that street like the gentle rain from Heaven upon the place beneath. And nobody seemed even interested. Not for the first time since he had arrived in America, Archie marvelled at the cynical detachment of the New Yorker, who permits himself to be surprised at nothing.

He shut the window and moved away with a heavy heart. He had not had the pleasure of an extended aquaintanceship with Peter, but he had seen enough of him to realise his sterling qualities. Somewhere beneath Peter's three hundred ribs there had lain a heart of gold, and Archie mourned for his loss.

Archie had a dinner and theatre engagement that night, and it was late when he returned to the hotel. He found his father-in-law prowling restlessly about the lobby. There seemed to be something on Mr. Brewster's mind. He came up to Archie with a brooding frown on his square face.

"Who's this man Seacliff?" he demanded, without preamble. "I hear he's a friend of yours."

"Oh, you've met him, what?" said Archie. "Had a nice little chat together, yes? Talked of this and that, no?"

"We have not said a word to each other."

"Really? Oh, well, dear old Squiffy is one of those strong, silent fellers you know. You mustn't mind if he's

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Rh a bit dumb. He never says much, but it's whispered round the clubs that he thinks a lot. It was rumoured in the spring of nineteen-thirteen that Squiffy was on the point of making a bright remark, but it never came to anything."

Mr. Brewster struggled with his feelings.

"Who is he? You seem to know him."

"Oh yes. Great pal of mine. Squiffy. We went through Eton, Oxford, and the Bankruptcy Court together. And here's a rummy coincidence. When they examined me, I had no assets. And, when they examined Squiffy, he had no assets! Rather extraordinary, what?"

Mr. Brewster seemed to be in no mood for discussing coincidences.

"I might have known he was a friend of yours!" he said, bitterly. "Well, if you want to see him, you'll have to do it outside my hotel."

"Why, I thought he was stopping here."

"He is—to-night. To-morrow he can look for some other hotel to break up."

"Great Scot! Has dear old Squiffy been breaking the place up?"

Mr. Brewster snorted.

"I am informed that this precious friend of yours entered my grill-room at eight o'clock. He must have been completely intoxicated, though the head waiter tells me he noticed nothing at the time."

Archie nodded approvingly.

"Dear old Squiffy was always like that It's a gift. However woozled he might be, it was impossible to detect it with the naked eye. I've seen the dear old chap many a time whiffled to the eyebrows, and looking as sober

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176 Extraordinary, See companions; See names.

Eye, Fox eats lost e, *135 B; May the other one come out!, 1696; Nightingale borrows blindwornis's e, 234; I eye, 2 eyes, 3 eyes, 511; remedy for ogre, 1135; Spitting in guard's e, 73.

Eyes bought back, 533, 711 *A; Casting e, 1006; Cock crows with closed e, 61; Toad trades mole tail for e, *287.

Facing, Marry suitor she is f in the morning, *572, 621, 850.

Fairies, Gifts of f, 410, 503; spin for lazy girl, 501 *A.

Faithful John, 516; wife, 888.

Faithful, See servant.

Faithless sister, 300, 315; wife, 1380.

Fall from Heaven, 804.

Falsehood and Truth, 613.

Farmer feeds serpent hot stone, 285 *A; hides fox from hunter, *161; wakened by falling nut kills snake, 285 *B.

Farseeing object, 653.

Fat cat, 2027; wolf cannot escape, 41.

Fate, 930—949.

Fated that parents shall humble themselves before son, 517; to become king's soninlaw, 461, 930; to be killed by lightning, *449; to hang, *936; to kill father and marry mother, 931.

Father and son quarrel, *980 B; divides property before he dies, *980 A; nursed by daughter, 927 *A; wishes to marry daughter, 510, 706.

Fear, Boy dies of f, 326 *B; of men learned, 157; of world coming to end, 20 C; Youth wishes to learn f, 326.

Fearless boy, 326*.

Feather reveals identity, 665.

Feathers, Bird in borrowed f, *244; House of f, 124; Raven in borrowed f, 244*; recall forgotten bride, 313.

February defied, *2415.

Felling trees, 1050.

Ferryman, King as f, 461.

Ferryman's wife has miscarriage, 1535 *A.

Fertility of land reward for hospitality, 750 B.

Fettered monster, 803.

Fiddevav, 593.

Fiddle, See violin.

Fidelity, 880—899; oft proved, 881.

Fight over magic objects, 518.

Figs dropped but eaten by sister, 327; eaten by pretending ghosts, *1532; eaten cause horns, 566; gathered by sacristan, 1840 *B; Peter says f are his favorite fruit, *792; Sleeping f, 408 *A, *970.

Figtree blest, *846.

Filling cask with gold, *773 B.

Finger as test of fatness, 327; caught in cleft, 1159;

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72 as a bishop. Soberer! When did it begin to dawn on the lads in the grill-room that the old egg had been pushing the boat out?"

"The head waiter," said Mr. Brewster, with cold fury, "tells me that he got a hint of the man's condition when he suddenly got up from his table and went the round of the room, pulling off all the table-cloths, and breaking everything that was on them. He then threw a number of rolls at the diners, and left. He seems to have gone straight to bed."

"Dashed sensible of him, what? Sound, practical chap. Squiffy. But where on earth did he get the—er—materials?"

"From his room. I made enquiries. He has six large cases in his room."

"Squiffy always was a chap of infinite resource! Well, I'm dashed sorry this should have happened, don't you know."

"If it hadn't been for you, the man would never have come here." Mr. Brewster brooded coldly. "I don't know why it is, but ever since you came to this hotel I've had nothing but trouble."

"Dashed sorry!" said Archie, sympathetically.

"Grrh!" said Mr. Brewster.

Archie made his way meditatively to the lift. The injustice of his father-in-law's attitude pained him. It was absolutely rotten and all that to be blamed for everything that went wrong in the Hotel Cosmopolis.

While this conversation was in progress. Lord Seacliff was enjoying a refreshing sleep in his room on the fourth floor. Two hours passed. The noise of the traffic in

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Rh the street below faded away. Only the rattle of an occasional belated cab broke the silence. In the hotel all was still. Mr. Brewster had gone to bed. Archie, in his room, smoked meditatively. Peace may have been said to reign.

At half-past two Lord Seacliff awoke. His hours of slumber were always irregular. He sat up in bed and switched the light on. He was a shock-headed young man with a red face and a hot brown eye. He yawned and stretched himself. His head was aching a little. The room seemed to him a trifle close. He got out of bed and threw open the window. Then, returning to bed, he picked up a book and began to read. He was conscious of feeling a little jumpy, and reading generally sent him to sleep.

Much has been written on the subject of bed-books. The general consensus of opinion is that a gentle, slow-moving story makes the best opiate. If this be so, dear old Squiffy's choice of literature had been rather injudicious. His book was The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, and the particular story which he selected for perusal was the one entitled, "The Speckled Band." He was not a great reader, but, when he read, he liked something with a bit of zip to it.

Squiffy became absorbed. He had read the story before, but a long time back, and its complications were fresh to him. The tale, it may be remembered, deals with the activities of an ingenious gentleman who kept a snake, and used to loose it into people's bedrooms as a preliminary to collecting on their insurance. It gave Squiffy pleasant thrills, for he had always had a particular horror of snakes. As a child, he had shrunk from

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FFC 90 off dragon slayer's f, 300; Disenchantment by cutting off f, 403; Ogre sucks girl's f, 327 *D; Recognition by missing f, 313.

Fire, Hedgehog tricks fox into carrying him from forest f, *69; Warner uses extraordinary names, 1940 *A; wet by dog, *453.

Firesteel, 562.

Firewood cut in wrong place, 1696.

First crop, 1185; to say good morning, 1735; to see sunrise, 120.

Fish, 250—274; Born of a f, 705; caught in boots, 1895; fetches ring, *515; for guest eaten by wife, 1741; Grateful f, 531; helper, 302 *A, 554; Hero carried by f, 302 *A; in net, 253; Man swims like f, 665; net on heath, 1220; Pregnant from eating f, 303; race, 250, 252; Theft of 1.

Fish's, Hiding in f belly, 329.

Fisher and his wife, 555; disappointed, 832; rescues children, 707.

Fisher's wife eats guest's fish, 1741.

Fishergirl's blunt answer to elegant paraphrase, 1940 *H.

Fishing through chimney, 328; with tail, 2.

Fitting peg in hole, *1705.

Flageolet, All must dance to f, *594; Priest jealous of f player, *1844.

Flask, See bottle.

Flattered fox sings, 6.

Flattery of raven with cheese in mouth, 57.

Flax, Swimming in f field, 1290.

Flea, Marriage of louse and f (Cumulative), *2020; powder sold by quack, *1550 A.

Fleas, Fox rids self of f, 63*.

Fleaskin riddle, *959.

Flesh, A pound of f, 890.

Flies, Bring swarm of f, 875; on Christ's heart, 772*.

Flight, Magic f, 313, 314, 327; of husband from his own house, 1360 A; of ogre, 1132; of princess to escape marriage, 888*; of youth from giant's house, 314**; of woman and paramour, 1360 B.

Flood, 1361.

Flour sent home alone, 1696.

Flower from stone table, 755; Girl as f, 407.

Flowers, Birds (children) carry f to Virgin, 471 *A.

Flute makes all dance, 592 *A.

Flute, See whistle and flageolet.

Fly, Crane teaches fox to f, 225.

Fly, Man in court for killing f, 1586.

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74 visiting the serpent house at the Zoo; and, later, when he had come to man's estate and had put off childish things, and settled down in real earnest to his self-appointed mission of drinking up all the alcoholic fluid in England, the distaste for Ophidia had lingered. To a dislike for real snakes had been added a maturer shrinking from those which existed only in his imagination. He could still recall his emotions on the occasion, scarcely three months before, when he had seen a long, green serpent which a majority of his contemporaries had assured him wasn't there.

Squiffy read on:—

"Suddenly another sound became audible—a very gentle, soothing sound, like that of a small jet of steam escaping continuously from a kettle."

Lord Seacliff looked up from his book with a start. Imagination was beginning to play him tricks. He could have sworn that he had actually heard that identical sound. It had seemed to come from the window. He listened again. No! All was still. He returned to his book and went on reading.

"It was a singular sight that met our eyes. Beside the table, on a wooden chair, sat Doctor Grimesby RylottRoylott [sic], clad in a long dressing-gown. His chin was cocked upward and his eyes were fixed in a dreadful, rigid stare at the corner of the ceiling. Round his brow he had a peculiar yellow band, with brownish speckles, which seemed to be bound tightly round his head.

"I took a step forward. In an instant his strange headgear began to move, and there reared itself from among his hair the squat, diamond-shaped head and puffed neck of a loathsome serpent. . . ."

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 зачем он, собственно, приехал. I'm curious to find out just why he came. □ Это любопытная книга, стоит прочесть. This book is so unusual that it's well worth reading.

любопытство curiosity. Запертая дверь возбудила её любопытство. The locked door aroused her curiosity.

люди (людей, людям, i людьми P/serves as P of человек; the g is in part replaced by народу; see народ/) people. Это звери, а не люди. They are more like beasts than people. — Что люди скажут? What will people say? — Я знаю, вы все люди энергичные. I know you all as energetic people. • men. Кого послать? У меня людей нет. Who'll I send? I have no men. □ свой люди friends. Мы тут все свой люди. We're all friends here. □ Тяжело быть всё время на людях. It's hard being without privacy all the time. • *На людях и смерть красна. Misery loves company.

люк trapdoor.

люлька cradle.

люстра (gp люстр) chandelier.

лягу See лечь.

М
мавзолей mausoleum. Вы видели мавзолей Ленина? Have you seen the mausoleum of Lenin?

магазин store. Это можно достать в универсальном магазине. You'll find it in a department store. — В этом книжном магазине есть все последние новинки. All the latest editions are in this book store. — В кустарном магазине можно купить хорошие игрушки. You can buy good toys in the kustar store. □ магазин Тэжэ "Tezhe" store (cosmetics store). В магазинах Тэжэ продаётся прекрасный одеколон. You can buy excellent cologne at the "Tezhe" stores. молочный магазин dairy store. москательный магазин paint shop. За красками и клеем придётся пойти в москательный магазин. You'll have to go to the paint shop for your paint and glue. мясной магазин butcher shop. овощной магазин vegetable store.

магистраль (F) main (railroad) line.

магнитный magnetic.

мажу See мазать.

мазать (мажу, -жет) to smear. Не мажьте открытой раны иодом. Don't smear iodine on an open wound. • to smudge. Он вечно мажет стенку грязными руками. He always smudges the wall with his dirty hands.

мазь (/на мази/F) ointment. Цинковая мазь вам поможет. Zinc ointment will help you. □ колёсная мазь axle grease. Я весь испачкался колёсной мазью. I've got axle grease smeared all over me. □ *Дело на мази! Things are shaping up.

май May. Я родился в мае. I was born in May. — Первое мая большой праздник в СССР. May Day is a big holiday in the USSR.

майка sport shirt.

мак poppy. Я купил букет красных маков. I bought a bunch of red poppies. • poppy seed. Дайте мне булочек с маком. Let me have some poppy-seed buns.

макароны (-рон P) macaroni.

макрель (F) mackerel.

маленький small. Её дети ещё совсем маленькие. Her children are still very small. — В этой маленькой комнате нам не поместиться. We won't be able to crowd into such a small room. • little. К нам подошла маленькая девочка. A little girl came up to us. — Со мной случилась маленькая неприятность. I had a little trouble. • petty. Он очень маленький человек. He is a very petty person. • baby. Я не маленький, сам понимаю. I'm no baby; I know that.

малина raspberry. Лягте в постель, выпейте горячей малины и всё пройдёт. Go to bed, drink some hot raspberry tea, and you'll be well in no time. □ *У нас тут теперь житьё — малина. We're in clover.

мало (/sh N of малина) few. У нас на заводе мало прогулов. We have few cases of absenteeism at our factory. — Мало кто знает его. Few people know him. • not much. Я их теперь мало вижу. I don't see much of them now. □ более или менее more or less. Я это более или менее понимаю. I understand it more or less. мало-мальски halfway. Всякий мало-мальски порядочный человек так поступит. Any halfway decent person would do the same thing. мало-помалу little by little. Публика стала мало-помалу расходиться. The crowd started to break up little by little. мало того not only. Мало того, что он плохо слышит, он ещё слеп на один глаз. Not only is he deaf but he's also blind in one eye. меньше less. У вас теперь будет уходить меньше времени на поездку. It'll take you less time to travel now. слишком мало not enough, too little. Он слишком мало ест. He doesn't eat enough. □ Мало ли где мы можем встретиться! Who knows where we might meet! • Мне стоило не мало труда уговорить его. It was a tough job to persuade him. • Мало ли что он говорит, я знаю сам, что делать. I don't care what he says, I know what to do. • Его исключили из школы, а ему и горя мало. He was expelled from school, and doesn't care at all. • Всё это мне мало нравится. I don't like this very much.

маловато too little. А не маловато будет? Isn't that too little?

малокровие anemia.

малолетний minor. Он малолетний и сам решать не может. He's still a minor and can't decide that matter for himself. • juvenile. Это колония для малолетних правонарушителей. This is a reformatory for juvenile delinquents.

малый1 (sh -ла/-о, -ы/; cp меньший; меньше, adv менее) small. Это сыграло не малую роль в его решении. This played no small part in his decision. — Эти туфли мне малы. These shoes are small for me. — Эта комната слишком мала.


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178 Food, Boy sleeps on foodchest, *1020; dropped and lover scorned, 900; Husband behind statue says good f will make him blind, 1380; in bag, 1088; sampled by dog, *453; Teaching horse to live without food, 1682.

Fool and long night, *1684; as fortuneteller, *1550 B; as murderer, 1600; buries corpses, 1536 B; buys billpaying cap, *1846; chokes mother to death with cornmeal, 1537 *A; eats candy, spills wine, brings needles in straw, sends pig home alone, drags jar, and measures tower, *1703; fails to recognize self after seeing another with patch like his, *1683 B; feeds wheat to frogs, *1693; finds purse, 1696 *A; gets into places where he does not belong, *1690; guards chickens, *1692; Hair of f is cut while asleep and fails to recognize self, *1683 A; He is a f who marries twice, *1410; misunderstands king, 1688 *A; publicly announces price of ass, *1550 C; sells honey to bees, 1586, 1642; sells oxen and gives money away, 1003 *A; sells to statue, 1643; sits on eggs, *1693; spoils shoemaker's work, 1695; steals hog, *1800 C; swats bee and kills mayor, 1586; swats fly and kills man, 1586; swats louse and kills baby, 1685.

Foolish and wise brother divide crops, 1537 *A; bridegroom, 1685; couple, 1430—1439; imitation, 1; man and his wife, 1405—1429; parson in trunk, 1725; wife and her husband, 1380—1404; wife gives ham to "Long May", 1541; wife throws cornbread out window, *1389; wife's pawn, 1385.

Foot, Fox calls his f a treeroot and bear lets loose, 5; Frostbitten f, 2031; Horse's f taken off to shoe it, 753.

Forbidden apple, 301; room, 311, 313, 314, 400 *B, 408 *A, 710, 900.

Forest, See wood.

Forge and smith's equipment, 330.

Forgetful man counts days, 2012.

Forgotten bride, 313; wind, 752 B.

Formula, 2000—2399; of witch misstated, *746.

Forsaken bride, 884.

Fortunatus, 566.

Fortune and Money test their powers, 945 *A; Journey to F, 460 B; Neighbors with good and bad F, *948; of rich and poor man, 735;

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Rh "Ugh!" said Squiffy.

He closed the book and put it down. His head was aching worse than ever. He wished now that he had read something else. No fellow could read himself to sleep with this sort of thing. People ought not to write this sort of thing.

His heart gave a bound. There it was again, that hissing sound. And this time he was sure it came from the window.

He looked at the window, and remained staring, frozen. Over the sill, with a graceful, leisurely movement, a green snake was crawling. As it crawled, it raised its head and peered from side to side, like a short-sighted man looking for his spectacles. It hesitated a moment on the edge of the sill, then wriggled to the floor and began to cross the room. Squiffy stared on.

It would have pained Peter deeply, for he was a snake of great sensibility, if he had known how much his entrance had disturbed the occupant of the room. He himself had no feeling but gratitude for the man who had opened the window and so enabled him to get in out of the rather nippy night air. Ever since the bag had swung open and shot him out onto the sill of the window below Archie's, he had been waiting patiently for something of the kind to happen. He was a snake who took things as they came, and was prepared to rough it a bit if necessary; but for the last hour or two he had been hoping that somebody would do something practical in the way of getting him in out of the cold. When at home, he had an eiderdown quilt to sleep on, and the stone of the window-sill was a little trying to a snake of regular habits. He crawled thankfully across the floor

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76 under Squiffy's bed. There was a pair of trousers there, for his host had undressed when not in a frame of mind to fold his clothes neatly and place them upon a chair. Peter looked the trousers over. They were not an eiderdown quilt, but they would serve. He curled up in them and went to sleep. He had had an exciting day, and was glad to turn in.

After about ten minutes, the tension of Squiffy's attitude relaxed. His heart, which had seemed to suspend its operations, began beating again. Reason re-asserted itself. He peeped cautiously under the bed. He could see nothing.

Squiffy was convinced. He told himself that he had never really believed in Peter as a living thing. It stood to reason that there couldn't really be a snake in his room. The window looked out on emptiness. His room was several stories above the ground. There was a stern, set expression on Squiffy's face as he climbed out of bed. It was the expression of a man who is turning over a new leaf, starting a new life. He looked about the room for some implement which would carry out the deed he had to do, and finally pulled out one of the curtain-rods. Using this as a lever, he broke open the topmost of the six cases which stood in the corner. The soft wood cracked and split. Squiffy drew out a straw-covered bottle. For a moment he stood looking at it, as a man might gaze at a friend on the point of death. Then, with a sudden determination, he went into the bathroom. There was a crash of glass and a gurgling sound.

Half an hour later the telephone in Archie's room rang.

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Rh "I say, Archie, old top," said the voice of Squiffy.

"Halloa, old bean! Is that you?"

"I say, could you pop down here for a second? I'm rather upset."

"Absolutely! Which room?"

"Four-forty-one."

"I'll be with you eftsoons or right speedily."

"Thanks, old man."

"What appears to be the difficulty?"

"Well, as a matter of fact, I thought I saw a snake!"

"A snake!"

"I'll tell you all about it when you come down."

Archie found Lord Seacliff seated on his bed. An arresting aroma of mixed drinks pervaded the atmosphere.

"I say! What?" said Archie, inhaling.

"That's all right. I've been pouring my stock away. Just finished the last bottle."

"But why?"

"I told you. I thought I saw a snake!"

"Green?"

Squiffy shivered slightly.

"Frightfully green!"

Archie hesitated. He perceived that there are moments when silence is the best policy. He had been worrying himself over the unfortunate case of his friend, and now that Fate seemed to have provided a solution, it would be rash to interfere merely to ease the old bean's mind. If Squiffy was going to reform because he thought he had seen an imaginary snake, better not to let him know that the snake was a real one.

"Dashed serious!" he said.

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FFC 90 telling crow, 1535; telling fool, *1550 B.

Forty thieves, 954.

Four skilful brothers, 653, 653*.

Fourth, Ride to f story, 530.

Fox and bird, 56—62; and crane invite each other, 60; assures cock of peace, 62; cannot reach grapes, *66 A; carried by crane and dropped, 225; carried by simpleton wolf, 4, *64: chased from chicken coop by dogs, *135; Clever f, 1—65; Cock escapes f, 61 *A; Crop division of f and toad, *278 A, or lark, *278 B; deceives bear or wolf, 1—65; disguises, 154; disputes over beehive, *80; divides booty for lion, 51; drowning consoles self, *66 B; eaten by all the animals, 50; eats fellow lodgers, 170; eats sardines, pears, cheese, rolls, 1; encounters violin or blindman, *135 A; fishes with basket on tail, 2; flattered to (Fox)sing, 6; Geese pray and escape fox, 227; Grateful dead as f, 551; helper, 554; hides under basket from hunter, *161; in saddlebag, 1; leads ass to lion's den, 50; leads bear to honey (wasp's nest), 49; loses eye in briars, *135 B; not clever, 66—69; paints wolf, 8; persuades cock to crow with closed eyes, 61; pleads bad cold, *52; pretends brains are knocked out, 3; promised reward but deceived, 154; Rabbit rides f acourting, 72; Race of f and toad, 275; rescued by bear, 32; says his tail is bush, 5; shams death, 1, 33, 56; shams sickness, 4; Suitors of female f, 65; sweats honey or water, 15; taught by goose to swim, 226; thanks her members for help in escaping *135 C, 154; ties basket to fisher wolf's tail, 2; ties wolf to cow's horns, 47 *C; tricked to carry hedgehog from forest fire, *69; tricked to open mouth and call, 57 *A; waits and loses prey, 122 A.

Fox's Widowed f suitors, 65.

Fraud and Honesty in partnership, *847.

Free ride of Galician for song, *1546.

Freedom, See liberty.

Friar elf in new habit, Misc *1.

Friars enticed by wife and killed by husband, 1730; feed serpent bread full of pins, 285 *A; Fool drowns f, 1536 B.

Friends in life and death, 470; unreliable, 893.

Fright of hawk at snipe's bill, 229*.

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78 "Bally dashed serious!" agreed Squiffy. "I'm going to cut it out!"

"Great scheme!"

"You don't think," asked Squiffy, with a touch of hopefulness, "that it could have been a real snake?"

"Never heard of the management supplying them."

"I thought it went under the bed."

"Well, take a look."

Squiffy shuddered.

"Not me! I say, old top, you know, I simply can't sleep in this room now. I was wondering if you could give me a doss somewhere in yours."

"Rather! I'm in five-forty-one. Just above. Trot along up. Here's the key. I'll tidy up a bit here, and join you in a minute."

Squiffy put on a dressing-gown and disappeared. Archie looked under the bed. From the trousers the head of Peter popped up with its usual expression of amiable enquiry. Archie nodded pleasantly, and sat down on the bed. The problem of his little friend's immediate future wanted thinking over.

He lit a cigarette and remained for a while in thought. Then he rose. An admirable solution had presented itself. He picked. Peter up and placed him in the pocket of his dressing-gown. Then, leaving the room, he mounted the stairs till he reached the seventh floor. Outside a room half-way down the corridor he paused.

From within, through the open transom, came the rhythmical snoring of a good man taking his rest after the labours of the day. Mr. Brewster was always a heavy sleeper.

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Rh "There's always a way," thought Archie, philosophically, "if a chappie only thinks of it."

His father-in-law's snoring took on a deeper note. Archie extracted Peter from his pocket and dropped him gently through the transom.

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text: Indiscretions of Archie/Chapter 8

title: Indiscretions of Archie/Chapter 8


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180 Frightened ogre, 1145—1154.

Frog announces birth of princess, 410; bride, 402; enticed from hole, 242; king; 440; Man turned into f, 836 *A.

Frog, See toad.

Frogs ask for king, 277*; Fool feeds wheat to f, *1693.

Frog's keen hearing, 238.

Frost and hare have contest, 71.

Frostbitten foot, 2031.

Fruit, Ability to pluck f given only to heroine, 511; Pregnancy from eating f, 301.

Fruits, Healing f, 610; Wonderful f, 566.

Future husband?, 737*.

Galician sings and rides free, *1546.

Gallows, Devil rescues three brothers from g, 360; Man from g, 366.

Gambler and Devil, 313, 408 *A.

Garden, Spears grow in g, 303.

Gardner magician and swanmaiden, 400 *A; rescues child, 707.

Garlic, Boy the size of g, 700; May one dry up and another not be born! (g), 1696.

Geese ask respite for prayer, 227, carry man, 1881; on line, 1876.

Gelding, See castrating.

George's dogs, 1150.

Ghost invited to dine, *835; Quieting g in torment, 760.

Ghosts, Pretending g are killed, 326, or cat figs, *1532.

Giant, 300—359; kidnaps girl, Misc *3, 327***.

Giant, See ogre.

Giantkiller and his dog, 312.

Giants beheaded one by one, 304; fight over magic objects, 518.

Giant's, Boy steals g treasure, 328; Brothers in bed with g daughters, 328 *A.

Gifts of dwarfs, 611; of little people, 503.

Gilding the beard, 1138.

Girl as damages, 1655; as flower, 407; Devil disguised as g, 922; disguised as doctor, *515, or as man, 425, *515, or as doctor and barber, *970; from orange, 408; Gluttonous g, *1374 B; in bag must sing, 311 *B; in form of wolf, 409; outwits thief, 956 B; Thrifty g, 1451; who ate so little, 1458; who could not keep silent, 886; with ugly name, 1461.

Girl, See maiden.

Girls and glutton, 333; in thieves' den, *970; who married animals, 552.

Glass, Climbing g mountain; 425, 451, 502, 530; coffin, 709; of all waters, *860, which provides liquor, 853 *A.

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 This room is too small. • little. Ты словно малый ребёнок You're acting like a little child. □ без малого just under. Он мне должен без малого сто рублей. He owes me just under a hundred rubles. малая скорость slow freight. Пошлите свой багаж малой скоростью. Send your baggage by slow freight. малое little. Она не умеет довольствоваться малым. She can't be satisfied with little. меньше smaller. Ваша комната гораздо меньше моей. Your room is very much smaller than mine. меньший smaller. Я возьму меньшую порцию. I'll take the smaller portion. • lesser. Придётся из двух зол выбирать меньшее. It'll be necessary to choose the lesser of two evils. от мала до велика big and small. В поле вышли все от мала до велика. Everybody, big and small, came out into the field. по меньшей мере at least. На эту работу уйдёт, по меньшей мере, неделя. This work will take at least a week. □ Он с малых лет любит читать. He's been fond of reading since early childhood. • У неё пятеро ребят, мал-мала меньше. She has five children, each one smaller than the next.

малый2 (/noun; fellow/AM) fellow. Он славный малый. He's a nice fellow.

мальчик boy. У нас в школе мальчики и девочки учатся отдельно. In our school the boys and girls study separately. • youngster. Он ещё совсем мальчик. He's still a youngster.

маляр (-а) house painter. Он не художник, а маляр. He's more of a house painter than an artist.

малярия malaria.

мама mama.

мандарин tangerine.

мандолина mandolin.

маневр (also манёвр) maneuver. В июле наш полк был на манёврах. Our regiment went on maneuvers in July. • move. Ловкими маневрами он добился своего. He gained his ends by shrewd moves.

манера manner. У него противные манеры. He has an unpleasant manner. • way. Мне нравится его манера спорить. I like the way he argues. • style. У неё своя манера в живописи. She has her own style of painting.

манжета cuff. Осторожнее, вы попадёте манжетой в подливку. Careful, you'll get your cuff in the gravy.

маникюр manicure.

мануфактура textiles.

мариновать (pct: за-) to pickle. Она хорошо умеет мариновать грибы. She knows how to pickle mushrooms. — Хотите маринованную селёдку на закуску? Would you like some pickled herring as hors d'oeuvres? □ Только, пожалуйста, не маринуйте этой заметки, пустите её сразу. Don't lay aside this bit of news; print it immediately.

марка stamp. Вы забыли наклеить марку на письмо. You forgot to put a stamp on your letter. • make. Какой марки ваш автомобиль? What make is your car? • brand. Это вино известной марки. This is a well-known brand of wine. □ почтовая марка postage stamp. Купите мне почтовых марок. Please get some postage stamps.

марксизм Marxism.

марксистский Marxian.

марля gauze.

мармелад candy made of fruit.

март March.

марш (M) march. Оркестр играл похоронный марш. The orchestra played a funeral march. □ Полк прошёл церемониальным маршем по городу. The regiment paraded through the city. • Марш отсюда! Get out!

маршировать to march. Мы сегодня маршировали два часа. We marched for two hours today.

маршрут route. Какой маршрут этого трамвая? What route does this trolley take? • itinerary. Маршрут нашей поездки уже разработан. The itinerary of our trip is already worked out.

маска mask. Возьмите с собой противогазовую маску. Take a gas mask with you. □ Наконец-то он сбросил маску. He finally showed his true colors.

масленица carnival.

маслёнка butter dish.

масло (P масла, масл or масел, маслам) butter. Дайте мне хлеба с маслом. Give me some bread and butter. • oil. Это зажарено на подсолнечном масле. This is fried with sunflower-seed oil. — Подлейте прованского масла в салат. Put some olive oil on the salad. — *Не подливайте масла в огонь. Don't pour oil on the fire. □ касторовое масло (See also касторка) castor oil. растительное масло vegetable oil. □ В вашей машине всё масло вышло. Your car needs oiling. • *У нас всё идёт, как по маслу. Things are running along as smooth as grease.

масса a great deal. У нас в последнее время была масса неприятностей. We've had a great deal of trouble recently. • plenty. У нас ещё масса времени. We still have plenty of time. • lots. У него масса работы. He has lots of work. • very many. У него масса учеников. He has very many pupils. • substance. Вместо каучука на это употребляют новую синтетическую массу. They're using a new synthetic substance in place of rubber. □ массы masses. Этот лозунг очень популярен в массах. This slogan is very popular with the masses.

массаж (M) massage.

мастер (P -а, -ов) foreman. Он мастер в нашем цехе. He's the foreman of our shop. □ старший мастер head foreman. Спросите у старшего мастера. Ask the head foreman. □ Он мастер своего дела. He knows his business. • *Он на все руки мастер. He's a jack-of-all-trades. • *Дело мастера боится. It takes an old hand to do a good job.

мастерица skilled worker, F. Она работает мастерицей в шляпной мастерской. She's a skilled worker in a hat factory. □ Она большая мастерица пироги печь. She's an expert at baking pies.

мастерская (AF) department. Сколько человек работает в ремонтной мастерской? How many people work in the repair department? • workshop. Он работает в маленькой кустарной мастерской. He works in a small handicraft (kustar) workshop. • studio. Это помещение не годится для мастерской художника. This place isn't suitable for an artist's studio. □ пошивочная мастерская tailor shop. сапожная починочная мастерская shoe-repair shop.


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FFC 90 Glove, needle, and squirrel, 90.

Glutton, 333.

Gluttonous woman, *1374.

Gnats and horse, 281*.

Goat, Black g, 831 *A; caught in garden, *128; devoured by wolf, *127; had kid (Repetition), *2226; Lying g, 212; makes fun of woman, 831 *B; persuades wolf to sing, 122 C; who would not go home, 2015; Wolf sings despite objections of g, 100.

Goatmilk, White urine for g, *166.

Goats eaten by monster, 333; killed by wolf, *166; put off wolf, 122 A; sold to statue, 1643; Stubborn g, 202*.

God and emperor of Rome, 775*; as shepherd buys girl, 471 *B; fixes social classes, *758; Journey to G, 460 A; One beggar trusts G the other the king, 841; pardons all but slander, 836 *G; protects girl from rape, 831 *A; repays and punishes, 750—779.

Godfather Death, 332; Theft by playing g, 15.

God's justice vindicated, 759.

Gold, Bear goes to monkey for g chain, 48*; drops from girl's mouth, 403; Hair turns to g as sign of guilt, 314; Horseskin bag filled with g(bones), 311 *A.

Golddropping ass, 1535.

Golden ram, 854; sons, 707.

Good bargain, 1642; Death of g and bad man, 808**.

Goose cumulative tale, 2018 *A; Sticking to g, 571; teaches fox to swim, 226.

Goosebride, 403.

Goosegirl, 870 A.

Giace before meat, 1841.

Grain harvesting, 1202; punished, 836 *E; Separating g, 313, 513, *515.

Granary roof as threshing flail, 1031.

Grandmother, Bathing g, 1013; Cooking g, *980 C; Devil and his g, 812.

Grapes are Peter's favorite fruit, *792; Fox cannot reach g, *66 A; Inexhaustible basket of g, *792.

Grass house, 124.

Grateful animals and ungrateful man, 160; dead, 505—508, 513, 551, 665, *835; lion, 156; siren, 302.

Grateful animal, See helper.

Grave, Unquiet g, 760.

Graveyard, Hare in g, *834.

Grayhound, Devil as g, *773 A; protects lark, *278 B.

Grazing cow on roof, 1210.

Great animal or object, 1960.

Greedy fisher, 832; woman, 751, 836 *C; Green, Not marry while branch stays g, 711 *A; twigs, 756.

Gregory on the stone, 933.

Grief, Stone of g, *445 B, 706 *B.

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182 Grindstone, Bringing the women's g, 1177*.

Griselda, 887.

Groom teaches horse to live without food, 1682.

Ground, Jumping into the g, 1086; measured by horse's skin, 2400.

Guard, Blindig the g, 73.

Guarding storeroom door, 1009.

Guitar makes all dance, 853 *A.

Gun always hits mark, 304; as tobacco pipe, 1157; loaded perpetually, 330; Ogre looks down g barrel, 1158.

Hair als ladder to tower, 310; gives knight power over Devil, 508 *A; grows from ground and sings crime, 780 *B; Hiding in princess' h, 329; in soup starts quarrel, 1365 *E; Must not cut h, *1516; of fool cut while asleep and he fails to recognize self, *1683 A; Straightening curly h, 1175; turns to gold as sign of guilt, 314.

Hairs from Devil's beard, 461; from magic horse's tail, 301 A.

Half chick, 715; friend, 893.

Ham, Foolish wife gives h to "Long May", 1541.

Hand, Eating black h, 311; Invisible h feeds girl, *445 B.

Handkerchief in tree, 554; reveals identity, 304.

Hands, Maiden without h, 706.

Hang, Choosing tree on which to h, *875; Fated to h, *936.

Hanging by teeth on horse's tail, 47 A; Treasure of h man, 910 D.

Hans my hedgehog, 441.

Haensel and Gretel, 327.

Happiness, Shirt of h, 844.

Happy friar, 754.

Hardhearted bride, 1455.

Hare, Contest of frost and h, 71; finds one more cowardly, 70; in graveyard, *834; Race of hedgehog and h, 275 *A.

Hares run into bag, 1893.

Hare's lip, 47 A, 70.

Harnessed wild animal, 1910.

Harp, Quest for living h, 465 B.

Harvesting grain, 1202.

Hat, horn, and knapsack, 569; of butter, 1880; Protecting h, 563, 566; Throwing h into Heaven, 330.

Hatchpenny, 745.

Hatchet, Attempted murder with h, 1115.

Haughtiness punished, 620, 757, 900, 940.

Hauling a tree, 1052.

Haunted castle, 1160.

Hawk frightened at snipe's bill, 229*.

Hazelnuts of ay, ay, ay! *860.

Head, Magic ass's h, 425; Pitch carried on h, 1696; stuck into hole of millstone, 1247.

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FFC 90 Headless man in bear's den, 1225.

Heads of dragon return when cut off, 300; of unsuccessful suitors on stakes, 329, 507 A.

Healing by burning, 785; fruits, 610, 653; the ogre, 1134.

Hearer, Extraordinary h, 513.

Hearing, Keen h of frog, 238.

Heart of bull for pretty girl, 889; of hanged man stolen, 366; of ogre in egg, 302; of serpent overcomes magician, 302 *A; Rod of virtue in ass's heart, 706 *A; Whoever eats bird's h will be king, 567; With his whole heart, 1186.

Heater of Hell's kettle, 475.

Heath, Fishnet on h, 1220.

Heathcock and bird of passage, 232.

Heaven admits men married once but not twice, *141o; Distance from H to Hell, 922; Faultfinding shoemaker expelled from H, 801; Hospitality, admits to H, 330; Man in H, 800—809; Man in H wishes to return to earth, *808; Man thinks he has been in H, 1531; Musicians in H, *807; Peasant in H, 802; Peter's mother falls from H, 804; Tailor in H, 800.

Heavy axe, 1049.

Hedge, Prince breaks through h, 410.

Hedgehog, Hans my h, 441; in hole in roof, 80*; Race of h and hare, 275 *A; tricks to cany him from forest fire, *69.

Hell, Distance from Heaven to H, 922; Journey to H, 756 B.

Hell's kettle, 475.

Heller thrown into other's money 1615.

Help of weak, 75.

Helper, Animal h, 160, 300, 301, 302, 303, 313, 314, 316, 327, 329, 400, 408, 480, 510, 513 A, *515, 530—559. 560, 590, 665, 670, 675, 706 *A; Wife as h on quests, 465.

Helpers, Supernatural h, 550—559; Three old women h, 501.

Hen and others gain possession of house, 210; Black h and greedy woman, 836 *C; Death of little h, 2022; with chicks promised to fox, 154.

Hens thrown to fox (bear punished), 3 B*.

Hermit, Selfrighteous h, 756 A; Three sins of h, 839.

Heroine marries prince, 870-879.

Hiding from Devil or princess, 329.

Hildebrand, 1360 C.

Hog, Children play at killing h, 2401; Fool steals h, *1800 C; in church, 1838; Stolen h in cradle, 1735 *B; tires of his daily food, 211*.

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184 Hog, See pig.

Hogs in mud, 1004; with curly tails, 1036.

Hog's house protects from monster, 124.

Holding, Disenchantment by h, 403; down hat, 1528; up rock, 1530.

Hole, Fitting peg in h, *1705; Frog enticed out of h, 242; Pushing h in tree, 1085; to lower world, 301.

Holy miller, *1720.

Home, Finding way h, 327; preferred to foreign lands, 232.

Homecoming husband, 974*, 1360 C, 1419.

Honesty and Fraud in partnership, *847.

Honey, Bear seeking h caught in wasp nest, 49; runs out of stabbed doll; sold by fool to bees, 1586, 1642; sweat by fox, 15.

Honor and sin, 755.

Hooks, Wolf hurls self against h, 124.

Horn of shepherd summons help, 958; provides soldiers, 566, 569.

Horns produced and removed by fruits, 566; Stag proud of h, 77; Wolf tied to cow's h, 47 *C.

Horse, Bird's wine and unborn h, 927 *B; Carrying h, 1082; Cleaning h, 1016; Clever h, 531; Cruel rich man as Devil's h, 761; Devil as h, 508 *A, *762; drawn across ice, 1212; eaten by wild animals on sleigh, 158; Flying h, 560 *A; Fox as rabbit's h, 72; frightens lion, 118; Helpful h, 532; Invulnerable h, 756 *B; kicks wolf, 47 B; King's favorite h dies, *925 A; Kissing h, 570; Magic h helps hero, 314, 516; Putting h in stable, 1415 *A; Speaking horsehead, 533; substituted for bride, 1440; Teaching h to live without food, 1682; Wearing horsehair next to skin, *1516.

Horseman, Devil as h, *817.

Horses called bearfood, 154; covered with sheets, 1725; Magic h, 301.

Horse's, Hairs from magic h tail, 301 A; Hanging by teeth to h tail, 47 A; sweat beautifies, 531.

Horseshoe scorned by Peter, 759.

Horseskin bag filled with gold (bones), 311 *A.

Hospitality rewarded, 330, *345, 750 B; to Death rewarded, 332.

Host, See innkeeper.

Hot porridge in ogre's throat, 1131; tin under ogre's horse 1142.

Hours of day used to tell life story, 2012 *B.

House, At thieves' h, 956 A; (body) goes to pieces, 332; in woods, 431; Monster dies on prongs of prey's house, 124; Mouse, bird,

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 масштаб ([-ašt-]) scale. Есть у вас карта крупного масштаба? Have you got a large-scale map? — У нас всё строится в большом масштабе. We build things on a large scale here.

математика mathematics.

матери See мать.

материал or матерьял material. Захватите с собой перевязочный матерьял. Take the first-aid material with you. — Он собирает материал для книги. He's collecting material for his book. — Это сделано из хорошего материала. This is made of good material. • cloth. Он мне прислал материал на пальто. He sent me some cloth for an overcoat.

материализм materialism. □ диалектический материализм dialectical materialism.

материалистический materialistic.

материальный or матерьяльный financial. В материальном отношении он устроился неплохо. He's fixed pretty well from a financial point of view. □ материальный склад warehouse. Он у нас заведует материальным складом. He takes care of our warehouses. материально financial. Я в этом деле материально не заинтересован. I have no financial interest in this business.

материк (-а) continent.

материя fabric. Эта материя шерстяная? Is this a woolen fabric? • matter. Мне надоело говорить о высоких материях. I'm tired of speaking about such lofty matters. • subject. Это ужасно скучная материя. This is a very dull subject.

матовый frosted. Дайте мне две матовых лампочки в пятьдесят свечей. I want two frosted fifty-watt bulbs. □ А нет ли у вас галстука того же цвета, только матового? Have you ties in the same color but somewhat duller?

матрац mattress.

матрос sailor.

матч (M) game. Вы пойдёте на футбольный матч? Will you come to the soccer game? • tournament. Я играл в заключительном теннисном матче. I played in the finals of the tennis tournament.

мать (матери, P матери, матерей F) mother. Вы часто пишете матери? Do you write to your mother often? □ крёстная мать godmother. Она его крёстная мать. She's his godmother. □ Мать честная, ну и дела тут делаются! My goodness! What's going on here? • Поторапливайся, мать, поезд отходит. Hurry, ma'am, the train's leaving.

махать (/машу, машет/pct: махнуть/) to wave. Кто это машет нам из окна? Who's that waving to us from the window? • to wag. Собака радостно машет хвостом. The dog is wagging its tail happily.

махнуть (pct of махать) to wave. Махните шофёру, и он остановит машину. Wave to the driver and he'll stop the car. □ (no dur) махнуть рукой (на кого-нибудь) to give up (on someone). *Мы уже давно махнули на него рукой — он неисправим. We gave up on him long ago. He's impossible. □ Давайте махнём на Кавказ. Let's pack up and go to the Caucasus.

махорка Makhorka (coarse tobacco). Он набил трубку махоркой и с удовольствием закурил. He filled his pipe with makhorka and lighted up with great satisfaction.

мачеха stepmother.

мачта mast.

машина machine. Он легко научился работать на новой машине. He easily learned how to run the new machine. — Дайте мне эти платки, я их обрублю на машине. Give me those handkerchiefs. I'll hem them by machine. • car. Мы заедем за вами на машине. We'll call for you by car. □ машины machinery. У нас на заводе все машины советского производства. All the machinery in our plant was made in the USSR. паровая машина steam engine. швейная машина sewing machine.

машинист engineer.

машинистка typist. Я ищу машинистку-стенографистку. I am looking for a typist-stenographer.

машинка typewriter. Где бы мне купить подержанную машинку? Where can I buy a second-hand typewriter? • clipper. Он меня стриг и ножницами и машинкой. He cut my hair with scissors and a clipper. • machine. А швейной машинки у вас нет? Don't you have a sewing machine?

машинный machine. □ машинное оборудование mechanical equipment. машинно-тракторная станция (See МТС, Appendix 9) machine-tractor station. машинные части machine parts.

машиностроение manufacturing of machines.

машу See махать.

маяк (-а) lighthouse.

мебель (F) furniture.

меблированный (ppp of меблировать) furnished. Где тут сдаются меблированные комнаты? Where can I find furnished rooms?

меблировать (both dur and pct) to furnish. Квартира у нас есть, но её ещё надо меблировать. We have an apartment, but we've still got to furnish it.

мёд (P меды/g -у, в меду, на меду/) honey. У нас есть мёд в сотах. We have honey in combs here. □ *Вашими бы устами да мёд пить. I hope to God you're right.

медаль (F) medal. Наши свиньи получили золотую медаль на выставке. Our hogs received a gold medal at the exposition. — Он окончил среднюю школу с золотой медалью. He received a gold medal when he graduated from high school. □ *Это оборотная стороне медали. This is the dark side of the picture.

медведь (M) bear. Есть у вас в лесу медведи? Are there any bears in these woods? • clumsy. *Ах, какой я медведь! Сломал вашу любимую чашку. Gosh, I'm clumsy; I broke your favorite cup. □ *Нечего делить шкуру неубитого медведя. Don't count your chickens before they're hatched.

медицина medicine.

медицинский medical. У нас медицинская помощь бесплатная. We receive free medical care. □ медицинская сестра See медсестра. □ Принесите медицинское свидетельство. Bring a doctor's certificate.

медленный slow. Это очень медленный процесс. It's a very slow process.


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FFC 90 and sausage keep h, 85; of feathers and stone, 124; Repairing h, 1010; that Jack built, 2035.

Housekeeper and priest exposed by cock, *1829.

Houses of branches and grass, straw, stone and iron, 124; of wood and ice, 43.

Human chain, 1250.

Humiliated bride, 900.

Hunchbacks, Three h, 1536 B.

Hunchback's hump transferred to another, 425 B, 503.

Hungry parson, 1775.

Hunter bends bow, 246; called "slayer of parents", 931 *A; Fox disguises as h 154; kills bear, 157; Skilful h, 304.

Hunting lies, 1890—1909.

Husband behind statue says good food will make him blind, 1380; behind statue urges wife to work, *1375; carries wife to lover, *1424; Conversation with dying h, *805; Good h for bad wife and bad h for good wife, 822; Homecoming h, 974*, 1360 C, 1419; locked out, 1377; Lover unknowingly confides in h, 1364 *A; Plank between h and wife, *1355; Praying for a h, 1476; Search for lost h, 425; Supernatural or enchanted h, 425—449; Who will be her future h, 737*.

Husband's blind eye covered, 1419 C.

I do not know, 532, 1700*; got 2 you got 1, 361.

Ice, Houses of wood and i, 43; mill, 1097; Tail lost in i, 2.

Idler does not provide for winter, Misc *2.

If God so wills, 830, 836 *A.

Image broken, 1643.

Imagination, Boy with active i 2411.

Imitation, Foolish i, 1.

Imitator of witch, *746.

Immortals, Journey to land of i, 313*.

Inappropriate or stupid use of church ritual, 1840—1844.

Indirect expressions, 1940, of news of death, *925 A; f sex of newborn child, *925 B.

Industrious girl and lazy boy, 822.

Industry puts laziness to shame, 249.

Ingratitude of serpent, 290—294.

Innkeeper beheads girl for her savings, 780 *A; Never sleep at inn of old i and young wife, 910 B; steals from Devil's servant, 475; steals magic objects, 563; strikes corpse, 1535.

Innkeeper's cape borrowed by student, 1642; wife tricked by students, *1848.

Innocence, 880—899.

Innocent slandered maiden, 883 A.

Insect, 275—289; and man, 290—299.

title: Page:FFC90.djvu/187


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Budd, George (1808-1882)


text:
Author talk:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Hegel sources

 * Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1770-1831 Works available from The Online Books Page


text:
Author:Arthur Linton Corbin

Works

 * Cases on the Law of Contracts American Casebook Series (1921) 1921 1921
 * "Legal Analysis and Terminology" in Yale Law Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Dec., 1919): pp. 163-173.

Editor

 * American editor of Sir William R. Anson's Principles of the Law of Contract (1879; 14th English ed./3rd American ed., 1919) 1919

title: Author:Arthur Linton Corbin


text:
Author:William Reynell Anson

Works

 * Principles of the Law of Contract (1879) 1st ed. 7th ed. 9th ed. 11th ed. 16th ed.
 * The law and custom of the constitution (1908)
 * Ballads en termes de la ley (originally written for the exclusive use of the Trinity lawyers) and other verses (1914)
 * Rights of Citizenship: A Survey of Safeguards for the People (1912, with William St. John Fremantle Brodrick, Albert Venn Dicey, Robert Bannatyne Finlay, Hugh Richard Heathcote Gascoyne-Cecil, William Waldegrave Palmer, Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, Frederick Edwin Smith, and Richard Greville Verney)
 * contributed to Men of the Time 12th ed.

title: Author:William Reynell Anson


text:
Author:Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld

Works

 * "Some Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning" (1913)
 * Fundamental Legal Conceptions as Applied in Judicial Reasoning and Other Legal Essays (1919)

Editor

 * Harvard Law Review

Works about Hohfeld

 * Corbin, Arthur L. "Legal Analysis and Terminology" in Yale Law Journal, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Dec., 1919): pp. 163-173.
 * Kocourek, Albert. "The Hohfeld System of Fundamental Legal Concepts" in Illinois Law Review, Vol. 15 No. 1 (May, 1920): 24-39.

title: Author:Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld


text: Template:Men of the Time link

title: Template:Men of the Time link


text:
Author:Albert Kocourek

Works

 * (With J. H. Wigmore) Evolution of Law: Selected Readings on the Origin and Development of Legal Institutions. 3 volumes. (1915-1918)
 * Volume 1: Sources of Ancient and Primitive Law (1915)
 * Volume 2: Primitive and Ancient Legal Institutions (1915)
 * Volume 3: Formative Influences of Legal Development (1918)
 * "The Hohfeld System of Fundamental Legal Concepts" in Illinois Law Review Vol. 15 No. 1 (May, 1920): 24-39.
 * Jural Relations (1927)

Editor

 * Illinois Law Review

Translations

 * Gareis, Karl. Introduction to the Science of Law. (1911)
 * Enzyklopädie und Methodologie der Rechtswissenschaft (Einleitung in die Rechtswissenschaft) (1887; 3rd ed., 1905)

title: Author:Albert Kocourek


text: Index:Hohfeld System of Fundamental Legal Concepts.djvu


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Page:Hohfeld System of Fundamental Legal Concepts.djvu/1

 THE HOHFELD SYSTEM OF FUNDAMENTAL LEGAL CONCEPTS By Albert Kocourek

Wesley Newcomb Hohfeld, late professor of law in Yale University, was widely known among his professional colleagues as a successful teacher and a keen analyst of legal problems. Such attributes in fair measure are a necessary part of the equipment of those who conduct the rigorous schedule of the present-day law school. But Professor Hohfeld achieved fame in a field other than that of teaching. He lived to realize the unique distinction of seeing his system of jural concepts accepted as a body of official classroom doctrine at the institution of learning, where later a wretched fate struck him down in the midst of his constructive proposals and while he was still in the flower of his mental vigor. Had he lived yet a while, he would have seen his jural analysis carried to, and established at, another famous seat of legal scholarship by a generous and competent associate. He would have seen an important revision of a well-known text-book based upon it. He would have found a recent case-book making tacit acknowledgment of the value of his system. Likewise, he would have been gratified, as well he might, to discover his analysis accepted by various law teachers, as shown by miscellaneous writings in American law reviews of recent months. Lastly, had he lived, he would have experienced the satisfaction of finding an interest in his ideas unequalled perhaps by any single contribution to legal science in America within the last twenty years.

In venturing to discuss the Hohfeld System, and at various points to urge serious objections to it, the present writer is tardily responding to a wish which Professor Hohfeld himself, about a year before his death, did him the honor to express, that he make a formal statement of his views. The writer need not say that these comments, the substance of which he had already, though crudely and ineffectually, attempted to convey to Professor Hohfeld, go with a sense of regret that they cannot in their present form meet


text: The Hohfeld System of Fundamental Legal Concepts


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 the eye of that acute thinker, who, notwithstanding sharp difference of opinion, would have been liberal enough not to misinterpret them as other than testimonials of professional and personal esteem. For the rest this discussion lies under no restraint, since the contribution attempted by Professor Hohfeld is important enough to be depersonalized. Furthermore, the inheritance has, as already observed, found ‘cretio’ in ‘heredes voluntarii’ who are well able to defend it.

First of all, Professor Hohfeld’s celebrated table of jural relations must be reproduced.

Among the merits of Professor Hohfeld’s System are the following:

1. It was the first attempt at a complete systematic arrangement of jural relations. A half-dozen or more Germans had already treated in a thorough way the active (power) side of jural relations. The most complete of these attempts was that of Bierling, but no writer in any country, prior to Hohfeld, had sought to give a systematic account, with suitable terminology, of the passive side of jural relations. Partial efforts to state the correlatives (the active and passive sides of jural relations) had been made by Terry and Salmond; but the table of opposites is altogether a novelty—whether useful or not we shall have occasion to examine.

2. It made manifest, as never before, the great complexity of jural threads found in concrete legal relationships. The usual method of legal operation and of legal thinking lies in the realm of


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Page:Hohfeld System of Fundamental Legal Concepts.djvu/3

 molar physics, where often qualitative analysis instead is demanded. Without trenching on the medieval debate of nominalism and realism, it is clear enough that where words are lacking, ideas are usually wanting. Confusion of all jural relations under one undifferentiated idea, ‘rights,’ cannot but result in inaccurate thinking, and, as likely as not, occasionally, in incorrect legal solutions. The chief attribute of scientific progress is greater clearness of distinction. In this the law has been the most backward of sciences, and it is really astonishing, when one stops to consider the fundamental importance of ultimate categories in legal reasoning, that the insufficiency of our technical apparatus, in a scientific sense, had not long before impressed itself.

3. It made conspicuous the uniqueness (singleness) of jural relations as existing only between two persons, and never more than two persons. The confusion which existed on this point was disastrous in cases of rights in personam involving correal or solidary obligations. Nothing in Hohfeld’s System points more clearly to the sharpness of insight of Professor Hohfeld and his colleagues than this important and necessary distinction.

4. It gave to the concept ‘liability’ a new and useful extension, which includes advantage as well as detriment. A certain “linguistic contamination” adheres to the term ‘liability’ which a layman might find it difficult to remove, but in legal science this may readily be ignored. The utility of a two-sided correlative to power as a juristic fact seems indispensable, and no substitute probably could be found without a Benthamic coinage which would require for its establishment two or three generations of insistent repetition.

We now pass to what we regard as the demerits of the system.

1. The table of jural ‘opposites’ (a) is in part inconsistent, and (b) it has little, if any, juristic utility.


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 (a) It is inconsistent. But what is an opposite? It is said “that when dealing with jural opposites we are looking at two different situations from the point of view of the same person.” So far, so good. But there is still a difficulty. In logic, opposites as distinguished from contradictories are the extreme terms of quantity. Thus $$+a$$ is the opposite of $$-a$$. In the case of legal relations to have a claim to payment of $100 would be the opposite of a duty in the same person to pay $100. Yet we find in Professor Hohfeld’s table that the ‘opposite’ of ‘right’ is not ‘duty,’ but ‘no-right.’ Now it is clear that ‘right’ and ‘no-right’ are not ‘opposites’—at least not in the sense of logic—but are rather ‘contradictories’ (negatives).

The next enumeration of ‘opposites’ in Professor Hohfeld’s table is ‘privilege’ and ‘duty.’ Here is a clear change of position, since on the basis of contradictories or negatives (i.e., the presence or absence of a quality) the negative of ‘privilege’ must be ‘no-privilege’ and not ‘duty.’ Professor Hohfeld’s illustration at this point will be useful—

“ whereas X has a right or claim that Y, the other man should stay off the land [of X], he himself [X] has the privilege of entering on the land; or, in equivalent words, X does not have a duty to stay off. The privilege of entering is the of a duty to stay off.”

The term ‘privilege’ is used here apparently in the sense of ‘liberty,’ a non-jural concept, as we think; but the true negative of ‘liberty’ is ‘no-liberty,’ just as the negative of ‘right’ is ‘no-right.’

(a) The field of ‘liberty,’ so far as it is connectible with anything of jural consequence, is limited to the enjoyment of the things for which rights and powers exist. Liberty cannot be predicated of rights and powers themselves since they denote another group of ideas. What ‘liberty’ can the holder have in a chose-in action? Yet there is a duty. It is clear that not every duty is the ‘opposite’ of a liberty, as any right in personam suffices to demonstrate. It may be possible to speak of a possessio iuris of rights in personam


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Rh “This was my thought, when my thanes and I bent to the ocean and entered our boat, that I would work the will of your people fully, or fighting fall in death, in fiend’s gripe fast. I am firm to do an earl’s brave deed, or end the days of this life of mine in the mead-hall here.” Well these words to the woman seemed, Beowulf’s battle-boast. — Bright with gold the stately dame by her spouse sat down. Again, as erst, began in hall warriors’ wassail and words of power, the proud-band’s revel, till presently the son of Healfdene hastened to seek rest for the night; he knew there waited fight for the fiend in that festal hall, when the sheen of the sun they saw no more, and dusk of night sank darkling nigh, and shadowy shapes came striding on, wan under welkin. The warriors rose. Man to man, he made harangue, Hrothgar to Beowulf, bade him hail, let him wield the wine hall: a word he added:— “Never to any man erst I trusted, since I could heave up hand and shield, this noble Dane-Hall, till now to thee.


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 which are susceptible of continuing exercise (e.g., the right of an annuitant), but even in this case it is an awkward locution to say that the right-holder has the ‘liberty of exercising his right.’ (b) Again, the liberty of the owner of land to go on his land might stand ‘opposite’ a contractual duty in the same person not to stay off the land, but to go on it. (c) Furthermore, the liberty of an owner of land to go on his land might stand ‘opposite’ his equal liberty to stay off his own land. Liberty to stay off the land is just as much an ‘opposite’ of liberty to go on the land as is the duty to stay off. These illustrations are put to show that ‘privilege’ (liberty) and ‘duty’ are neither true opposites nor negatives, and that this division is wanting in logical coherence. The real negatives are ‘privilege’ (liberty) and ‘no-privilege’ (no-liberty).

The next category (‘power’—‘disability’) seems unobjectionable from the standpoint, not of ‘opposites,’ but of ‘negatives,’ since ‘disability’ is simply another way of saying ‘no-power.’ Likewise, and for the same reason, the last category (‘immunity’—‘liability’) is formally consistent, since ‘liability’ is only a final statement of the effect of ‘no-immunity.’ If there is ‘no-immunity,’ necessarily there must be ‘liability.’

Since the table is inconsistent in one term regarded by Professor Hohfeld as fundamental, it might be supposed that the learned author was dealing neither with ‘opposites’ nor with ‘negatives’ (contradictories), in the application of logic, but with a third term, ‘contraries,’ in the sense that a wrongful act is the contrary of a duty, or in the sense of the ‘contrarius actus’ of Roman law; but without prolonging the discussion at this point, a cursory examination of the table will show that this possibility is not borne out. Moreover, the scope of ‘contraries’ as applied to jural concepts is very limited.

(b) It has little, if any, juristic utility. Since jural relations must be completely isolated and identified, it is of no profit to know that ‘no-right’ is the negative of a ‘right.’ (a) One may have ‘no-right’ and yet occupy an important jural position. For example, he may have a jural power (e.g., power of appointment). The thing of importance is to isolate and identify the power, in the example given, and not to determine that a jural power is a ‘no-right.’ (b) Again, one might have a ‘no-right’ because of subjection to duty.


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 Professor Schiller has aptly said of contradictories (“Formal Logic,” p. 30)—

“The slightest reference to actual thinking shows that the doctrine [of contradictories] carries the use of logical figments beyond the limits of the tolerable. We never actually use such contradictories. It is not profitable to talk about the universe at large and to contrast a single aspect of it with all that remains. We always know enough about anything we are discussing not to leave its position as vague as that, and hence language does not form pairs of words in the form of ‘A’ and ‘not-A.’”

Contrasting a definite legal concept “with all that remains” is only a step from contrasting a quality outside the field of reference with something in the field of reference by application of the ‘law of excluded middle.’ Thus we might say that particular legal concepts are either colloidal or not colloidal, isosceral or not isosceral, ponderable or not ponderable, etc., etc.

To have known Prof. Hohfeld is to understand the table of ‘opposites’ (contradictories). His type of mind was the thoroughgoing kind. If he met a fact, he did not stop to inquire if it had any exchangeable value. We do not quarrel with that mental attitude. On the contrary, we highly respect it, and we simply affirm that as to the table of ‘opposites’ (contradictories) we are unable to find any place where it may be usefully applied in concrete legal thinking. It is not improbable that Prof. Hohfeld in his reflection on the subject weighed the possibility of constructing still other tables, as, for example, a table of ‘opposites’ (logical sense), of ‘contraries,’ and perhaps even of ‘differentials,’ and since nothing of such additional tables was announced or suggested by him, it is very likely that he regarded the two tables published as a complete statement of fundamental jural ideas so far as concerns the problem of systematic arrangement.

If the fundamentum divisionis is ‘opposites,’ in the logical sense (i.e., extreme terms of quantity), so far as it is workable, we fare no better. That a right in this sense is the opposite of duty is a matter of accounting rather than of jurisprudence. If ‘contraries’ is taken as the basis of division, it will be found that its range of application is too limited for practicality in a systematic table.

Coming back, therefore, to the table considered as based on ‘negatives’ (contradictories), which is the only view which will avoid a complete breakdown), and not on ‘opposites’ or ‘contraries,’ we conclude that it has little, if any, importance, and that if it seems


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 desirable to retain it, its partial inconsistency should be adjusted upon a logical foundation. Other objections to the terms ‘privilege’ and ‘immunity,’ as applied by Professor Hohfeld, are reserved.

2. A number of other suggestions may be grouped.

Professor Hohfeld avoids definition as “always unsatisfactory, if not altogether useless.” His repugnance to definition was the lawyer’s instinct long ago expressed by Iavolenus: “Omnis definitio in iure civili periculosa est; parum est enim, ut non subverti posset.”

He did not have in mind, it is fair to assume, the objections to formal definition raised by non-Euclidian geometry and by non-Aristotelian logic. It is pretty certain that spherical triangles, parallel lines which meet, and four-dimensional space were not the restraining ideas of his refusal to provide a system of definitions; but it may be noted that the philosophers and logicians who argue for pluralistic definitions and relativity agree on the acceptance of provisional definitions as data without which the processes of judgment and inference cannot proceed. But if Professor Hohfeld has declined to define his terms, assuredly he has made it necessary for others to attempt it, if they would have any hope of understanding his proposal.

When we come to the table of ‘correlatives,’ we are as unenlightened as to what is meant as when the table of ‘opposites’ was encountered. Here we believe half of his table will be found logically consistent. The exceptions are ‘privilege’—‘no right’ and ‘immunity’—‘disability.’

The concept ‘correlative,’ as used by Professor Hohfeld, is clearly intended as that derived in formal logic from ‘absolute’ and ‘relative’ terms. Correlatives are those objects or ideas of objects which are necessarily connected with other objects or ideas of objects; thus, ‘father’ is a relative term and ‘son’ is the correlative. As to this distinction, Mr. Schiller has remarked that it is “wise of formal logic not to enter into such questions as why the ‘correlative’ of ‘son’ should not be ‘mother.’” In the light of this objection, ‘wrong’ would be as much a correlative of ‘right’ as is ‘duty.’ But it is allowable for each science to construct its own definitions, and a slight amendment of the definition of formal logic will avoid objections which have been raised in the newer functional logic to this category of terms. We may say, for the purpose