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740 for them the supply must be frequently repeated. The habits also of Wigwam life are entirely irregular. The Indian has no regular habits or hours. He eats and sleeps when and where he will or can, and no school attendance, which depends upon regular home habits of the parents or children, can be relied upon. It is also well nigh impossible to teach Indian children the English language when they spend twenty hours out of the twenty-four in the wigwam, using only their native tongue. The hoarding school, on the contrary, takes the youth under constant care, has him always at hand, and surrounds him by an English-speaking community, and above all, gives him instruction in the first lessons of civilization, which can be found only in a well-ordered home.

Any plan for civilization which does not provide for training the young, even though at a largely increased expenditure, is shortsighted and expensive. large expenditure for a few years in the proper direction will be more economical than a smaller expenditure perpetuated; and it is believed that at least one-half of the Indian children, now growing up in barbarism, could be put during the coming year in such processes of education in home schools, if the means were at hand for supporting such schools. Four or live years of this appliance of civilization cures one-half of the barbarism of the Indian tribe permanently. For these children thus trained, though many of them might lapse into nomadic ways, would never go back so far as to be dangerous-or troublesome to the citizens of the Government, and within that length of time it is reasonable to be expected that the other tribes, whose children could not at first be obtained for such schools, will be brought within the reach of the Government, and thus be ready to receive their turn at this training process. I most earnestly recommend that this appropriation for education he made on a scale commensurate with the urgent necessities of the case.

The arrangement by which, in accordance with the direction of the President, all agents are appointed on the nomination of some religious body is working with increasing satisfaction. In proportion as these religions societies gain assurance that this plan of co-operation with the Government is likely to be permanent, they are generally entering heartily into operations that contemplate earnest educational and religious work in the respective agencies allotted them. They are also learn ing from experience what are the essential qualifications of an Indian agent, and also the serious nature of the responsibility to the Government which they assume in these nominations. The result is a greater care in the selection of men, and increased watchfulness over their official actions. Out of the sixty-five agents thus nominated there have been several failures during the year from want of adaptation to the service, or from want of integrity. lint in nearly every case the religions society represented by these men has been the first to make the discovery of unfitness, and to ask for a change of agents.

There is a serious complaint on the art of these religious bodies that they are not able, at the salary of $l,500, to find competent men willing to accept the service, and that when such men have been secured it has often been found impossible to retain them. The service has lost


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Rh several of the most competent and reliable agents during the year from this cause. No man capable of managing the business of an agency ranging from $15,000 to $200,000 ought to be asked to give full service to the Government for $1,500 a year. I recommend that the salary of agents be increased to $2,000 per annum for the more eastern agencies, and $2,500 for those remote and inaccessible.

In estimating the actual progress attained, under the operation of what has been termed the peace policy, it is necessary to keep in mind the constant change in the position of the Indians toward the white settlers. Tribes which a few years ago were so far removed from all White settlements as to render any annoyance or conflict between the two races improbable and almost impossible, have now, by the tide of emigration, been brought in close proximity to, and almost daily contact with, settlers. Naturally the difficulties in the Indian problem are largely increased by such contact. The clashing interests of both parties produce irritation and make complaints more numerous.

But the peace policy is not to be charged with these increasing troubles, nor to be connnected with them except by the inquiry as to what would probably have been the difficulties, in the same circumstances, under any other policy.

The question of the civilization of Indians reduced to its last analysis is twofold. First, whether the Government is willing to make sufficient appropriation to teach barbarous men how to live in a civilized way; and, second, whether the expenditure of such an appropriation can be fairly made through the administration of persons fitted to become their teachers. Without suitable provision for the necessary expenditures the best efforts of the best men will be comparatively futile; and with the most abundant provision that the resources of the nation can make, nothing will be accomplished worthy of the effort unless there can be found persons ready and fitted to go to these Indians, in the spirit of kindness and Christian love, with a faith in God and a faith in man strong enough to sustain them amid the degradation and perversities of barbarism, and cheer them on in the full conviction that no being made in God's image is incapable of improvement. No effort for lifting the poor and degraded can succeed which is not guided by the enthusiasm which comes from this faith. The agent and his employes will not give full work without it, and the Indian will not throw off his suspicion and wake out of his indolence until he feels this touch of human sympathy.

For this reason the Government is specially to be congratulated on the response which the Christian people of the country have made to the proposition of the President that they should take a certain super-. vision of Government labor for the Indians, by nominating agents and furnishing employes suitable to represent the Government in its beneficent efforts with these tribes, as well as in sending missionaries and teachers for religious labor among them.

The affairs of this Territory will doubtless receive the serious consideration of Congress during the coming session. The practical absence of law as between the inhabitants of the Territory and the citizens of the United States; the general state of unthrift from lack

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742 of competition and every incitement to labor incident to ordinary life in this country ; the unwillingness of the Indians to take their lands in severalty; the persistent refusal of the Choctaws to give negroes their rights as citizens of the Territory, together with the strong pressure from parties interested in railroad enterprises and investments in lands, will be quite likely to induce legislation of some kind for this country.

If the inhabitants of the Territory would adopt the Okmulgee con- stitution with the amendments suggested by the President, upon this a, satisfactory government could be created for this country. Then if the Indians would have their lands surveyed and allotted to them in sever- alty, the first steps toward citizenship would be fairly taken. Every consideration of justice seems to require that the treaty obligation which the Government has assumed toward these nations shall be ob- served. No circumstances can be supposed to exist that will justify the nullification of these obligations, but if it is found, on careful ex- amination, that the highest interests of both' the United States and the Indian nations of this Territory require a. change in their relations which is not provided for by the different treaties, then the question is fairly raised whether the Government may not assume the responsi- bility of making the changes in such form as shall secure every right which these Indians can reasonably ask for themselves, and as will also commend itself to the moral sense of the country. The attempt to ad- minister justice for all the Territory through the United States courts at Fort Smith has been largely a failure, and sometimes worse. If the adoption of a territorial constitution by the Indians does not provide a remedy, then a United States court should be established, at some convenient point in the Territory, to take cognizance of all cases of complaint arising between the citizens of the United States and inhab- itants of the Territory, and between members of the different tribes and nations in the Territory.

Special attention is invited to the report of John G. Ames, who was appointed n special commissioner to inquire into the condition and ne- cessities of the Mission Indians in Southern California. These Indians under the Mexican government, enjoyed civil and property rights, at were abundantly able to take care of themselves from the products of the soil. But under our Government these rights were not considered as transferred, and they now find themselves liable to have the Lands which they have cultivated for generations taken from them by white settlers. It would seem that there is no alternative, in any just settle- ment with these Indians, but to secure for them, in the way proposed in the report of Agent Ames, the land to which they are entitled, or its equivalent, upon which they will be able to subsist themselves with- out help from the Government.

The effort during the year to instruct the Indian women among the Chippewas in Wisconsin and Minnesota in the art of weaving has al- ready succeeded so fer as to make it certain that, by the introduction of looms among all Indians where the herding of sheep is practicable, a new industry may be brought within the reach of the Indians, which will be of large service in the slow process of civilization.


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Rh

An attempt has been made to induce the Aricksrees, Mandans, and Gros Veutres, who occupy the reservation at Fort Berthold, to remove to the Indian Territory, but they have declined to send a delegation to prospect for the tribe, and seem averse to removal from their present grounds, where they are exposed to raids from the Sioux, and their crops are alternately cut off by the grasshopper and the drought. Their crops generally this year are reported as a failure, and it is not unlikely that, without help through a deficiency appropriation, they will suffer severely during the winter. The Indians on these agencies deserve more from the Government than any other tribes in Dakota, on account of their fidelity to the Government and the faithful service rendered by them as scouts in compelling other Indians to keep the peace.

The wandering bands of Chippewas in Minnesota require the attention of the Government. There are two permanent reservations in the State, at Leech Lake and White Earth, and the different bands remaining among the settlements of Pembina and Otter-Tail should be gathered upon the White Earth reservation. For these bands the Government has acquired, by purchase from the Mississippi Chippewas, the right to settle upon this reservation; but in order to establish them there a special appropriation will be The appropriation of $10,000, made by last Congress for the removal of the Pembinas, being too limited for the purpose, has not been used.

The Mille Lac band of Chippewas in Minnesota remains in its anomalous position. They have sold their reservation, retaining A right to occupy it during good behavior. With this title to the soil it is not deemed expedient to attempt permanent improvements at Mille Lac, unless a title to the reservation can be returned to them on condition that they surrender to Government all moneys acquired in consideration of their cession of the Mille Lac reservation. If this cannot be done, their Indians should he notified that they belong at White Earth, and be required to remove. In their present location, on its present tenure, nothing can be done looking toward their civilization;

In consideration of the condition of the scattered bands of different tribes of Utes in Nevada., Colorado, and Utah, it was deemed advisable to send a commission to inquire as to their numbers and the possibility of gathering them upon one or more reservations, where they would be more immediately under the care of the Government, and removed from the white settlers. Agent G. W. Ingalls and Major J. W. Powell were appointed on this commission. They seem to have adopted the exhaustive method, and the interesting report of their labors for the summer is herewith submitted, and attention invited to their recommendations, which are heartily endorsed by this office.

October 14, 1864 a treaty was concluded with the Klamath and Modoc tribes and Yahookin band of Snake Indians in Oregon, by the first article of which said Indians ceded to the United States all their


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744 right, title, and claim to all the country claimed by them, and accepted a reservation described in said article by natural boundaries, upon which they agreed and bound themselves to locate immediately after the ratification of the treaty.

The ratification of this treaty was advised and consented to by the Senate, July 2, 1866, and the same was proclaimed by the President February 17, 1870. At the date of proclamation the Modocs were found on their reservation, where they remained until April, 1870, and then left for their camp on Lost River.

There is evidence that Captain Jack and his band were prepared at this time to remain upon the reservation and settle down in the way of civilization, if there had been ordinary encouragement and assistance, and if the Klamaths, who largely outnumbered Captain Jack's band, and who were their hereditary enemies, had allowed them so to do. This band began to split rails for their farms, and in other ways to adopt civilized habits; but the Klamaths demanded tribute from them for the land they were occupying, which the Modocs were obliged to render. Captain Jack then removed to another part of the reservation, and began again to try to live by cultivating the ground. But he was followed by the same spirit oi' hostility by the Klamaths, from which he does not seem to have been protected by the agent. The issue of rations seems also to have been suspended for want of funds, and for these reasons Captain Jack and his band returned to their old home on Lost River, where they became a serious annoyance to the whites, who had in the meanwhile settled on their ceded lands.

This annoyance led to serious apprehensions on the part of the military authorities, and under date of the 19th of March, 1872, the honorable Secretary of War transmitted to this Department copies of correspondence between the military in regard to the matter. A copy of this correspondence was sent to Superintendent Odeneal by the Indian Office, April 12, 1872, with directions to have the Modocs removed, if practicable, to their reservation; and if removed, to see that they were properly protected from the Klamaths.

The superintendent was then instructed, in case they could not be removed, to report the practicability of locating them at some other point. The superintendent reported on the 17th June that their reservation was the best place for them to be located, but that he did not believe it practicable to remove them without using the military for that purpose, and that if they should resist, he doubted whether there was force enough in the country to compel them to go. In reply, the superintendent was directed, July 6, 1872, to remove them to the Klamath reservation. The attempt to execute this order resulted in a conflict between the Modocs and the troops and the white settlers. For the purpose of examining into the same, and, if possible, to procure a peaceable solution of the difficulties, a commission was appointed by the Secretary of the Interior in January last. This commission, as finally composed, consisted of A. B. Meacham, late superintendent Indian affairs for Oregon, L. S. Dyar, agent for the Klamath agency, and Rev. E. Thomas, and by direction of the Secretary of the Interior, under date of March 22, 1873, they were put under the direction of General Canby. While engaged in a conference with Captain Jack, chief of the Modocs, and other representative men of the tribe, on the 11th of April, General Canby and Dr. Thomas were brutally murdered by these Indians, and Mr. Meacham severely wounded.

Thus ended the negotiations with the Modocs, who, after seven months'


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Rh fighting, were subdued by the military, and Captain Jack and three of his principal men were tried by court-martial and executed. The remnant of this Modoc band has been transferred to the Indian Territory, and located for the present on the Quapaw Indian reservation, where they have gladly availed themselves of the privilege of putting their children in school, and have entered upon industrial life with such readiness and good will as to warrant the conclusion that if these Indians could have had this opportunity of gaining their support out of soil upon which an ordinary white man could get a living, and had received just treatment, there would have been no cause of trouble with them. The report of the commission, prepared by the surviving member, A. B. Meacham, is herewith submitted.

By a postscript to the treaty concluded with the Arapahoe and Cheyenne Indians February 18, 1861, these Indians gave to Robert Bent and Jack Smith 640 acres of land each, and requested the Government to confirm said gifts to said parties. No provision, however, for the issue of patents to these persons is contained in the treaty; and even the postscript cannot be considered as a grant in the absence of legislation. It is therefore recommended that the gifts be confirmed and the issue of patents authorized by act of Congress, in order that the wishes of the Indians may be carried out.

These lands having been appraised under the act of May 8, 1872, and a sale of those embraced in the "diminished reserve" having been attempted, but not enough having been sold to defray the expenses of the offering, the Department decided to set aside the appraisement and have a new one made. A commission having been appointed for this purpose, after reaching the lands the chairman reported that he did not deem the first appraisement too high. It was restored, and legislation by Congress is recommended as follows: That bona-fide settlers be allowed to purchase the same at the Topeka land-office, making payment of one-fourth of the appraised value at the date of settlement, and the remainder in three equal annual installments, giving security for the deferred payments.

An act of Congress approved March 3, 1873, authorized negotiations with the Crow Indians for the cession of their reservation, or a portion thereof, in Montana, and the establishment of a smaller reservation for them. The necessity for such negotiation was found in the fact that the recent discovery of gold on the reservation had drawn many white persons there, with whom there was likely to be trouble; also in the tact that the Northern Pacific Railroad would likely pass through a portion of the reservation; whereas the policy is to have the reservations located at a distance from the public lines of travel. An agreement was concluded with said Indians by Special Commissioner Felix R. Brunot, chairman Board of Indian Commissioners, James Wright and E.


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746 on the 16th of August last, by the terms of which the Crows cede their reservation and accept a reserve in Judith Basin. This agreement is made subject to the action of Congress, and its ratification is respectfully recommended.

The 11th article of the treaty concluded with the Choctaw and Chickasaw Indians April 28, 1866, sets forth that it is believed the holding of their lands in severalty will promote their general civilization, and tend to advance their permanent welfare; and it is therefore agreed that the lands be surveyed and allotted, should the Chickasaw and Choctaw people, through their respective legislative councils, agree to the same. The lands of the Chickasaws have been surveyed at their request, and their legislative council has, through their executive authorities, requested this Department to allot their lands; besides,the Chickasaw people in public assemblages have passed resolutions petitioning the Government to the same effect. The Choctaw council, however, refuse to join the Chickasaws in making the request for allotments as contemplated by the treaty. It is deemed proper, therefore, that Congress should afford the necessary legislation to enable this Department to comply with the request of the Chickasaws, independent of the action of the Choctaws, in order that the object of the treaty may be carried out, at least so far as the Chickasaws are concerned.

By the treaty concluded with the Pawnee Indians September 24,1857, a reservation was set apart for said Indians in extent 30 miles from east to west by 15 miles from north to south. Upon a re-survey of the eastern boundary-line of said reservation, it has been ascertained that the east and west lines are but 29½ miles apart in place of 30 miles, thus leaving a deficiency in the proper area of the reservation of 4,800 acres. The Pawnees insist upon indemnity for said deficiency, and it is deemed just that Congress should provide for the same, at the rate of one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, the minimum price of Government lands.

In 1867 an Executive order was issued setting apart a reservation for the Cœur d' Alenes, but, being dissatisfied with the location, they never located thereon, and continued to roam over the tract of country claimed by them. For the purpose of extinguishing their claim to all the tract of country claimed by them, and of locating them on a reservation suitable to their wants as an agricultural people, an agreement has been made with them by Hon. J. P. C. Shanks, Gov. Bennett, of Idaho, and Agent J. B. Montieth, subject to ratification by Congress, which is respectfully recommended. Pending such action by that body, 1 have deemed it prudent to have set apart by executive order the tract of country described in said agreement as a reservation for said Indians, in order that white persons may be prohibited from settling thereon and claiming compensation for improvements from the Government.

By the terms of a treaty concluded with the Coo-umpqua, Sinselano, Alsea, and other Indians embraced within the Siletz agency, in Oregon,


text: Metamorphoses (tr. Golding)

title: Metamorphoses (tr. Golding)


text:
Metamorphoses

 * Metamorphoses, verse translation by Arthur Golding (1567)
 * Metamorphoses (1626), by George Sandys
 * Metamorphoses, verse translation by Samuel Garth, John Dryden, et al. (1727)
 * The Metamorphoses of Ovid, translation by Henry Thomas Riley (1851)
 * The Metamorphoses of Publius Ovidius Naso, translated by Henry King (1871)
 * Metamorphoses, prose translation by Frank Justus Miller (1921)
 * Metamorphoses, prose translation by Wikisource (ongoing)

Las metamorfosis 3a ed Les Métamorphoses Le Metamorfosi Metamorphoses (Ovidius)

title: Metamorphoses


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748 at the close of the preceding fiscal year, 232,229, gives a grand total of 238,411 pensioners of the United States on the 30th of June, 1873, classified as follows:

Besides the increase to the annual amount of pension attendant upon the above addition of new pensioners to the rolls, the pensions of 20,946 Army invalids have been increased to the amount of $920,930.35 per annum; 239 Navy invalids to the amount of $11,066 per annum; 545 Army widows and minors to the amount of $20 106.07 per annum, and 81 Navy widows and minors to the amount of $1,500 per annum an aggregate of 21,761 pensions increased, and an increase in the annual amount of pension by this increase of rate of former pensioners of $953,605.02 per annum.

The greatest increase in rates has been in the invalid classes, under the act of June 8, 1872, whereby the pensions of those specifically or extremely disabled pensioners then receiving $15, $20, and $25 per month, were increased to $18, 824, and $31.25 per month respectively. Under the provisions of this act, 15,505 Army and 180 Navy pensions were increased to the aggregate amount of $598,254.25

The annual amount of the pensions of the Army invalid pensioners has increased since June 30 1872, from $8,611,854.91 to $9,§27,240.09, while the annual amount of the pensions of Army widows and dependent relatives has fallen from $14,530,778.39 to $13,962 764.39.

The annual amount of the pensions of Navy invalids has increased trom $136,545.30 to $150,537.75; of Navy widows and dependent relatives from $269,208 to $280 550; of survivors of the war of 1812, from $1,641,600 to $1,753,536; and of widows of soldiers of the war of 1812, from $290,592 to $484,656.

The great increase in the annual amount of the Army invalid pension, $1,015,385.18, is partially counterbalanced by the falling off in the annual amount of Army widows and dependent-relatives' pension of $568,014; but the stlll existing increase of $447,371.18 is raised by the increase in amount of Navy invalid pension, $13,992.45; of Navy widows, &c., $11,342; of survivors of the war of 1812, $111,936; of widows of soldiers of the war of 1812, $194,064, to an aggregate increase of $778,705.63 over the annual amount of J une 30, 1872, ($25,4-80,578.80,) making the total annual amount of all pensions June 30, 1873 $26,259,284.43. But, as will be seen in the proper statement, the total disbursements on account of pensions for the fiscal year was $29,185,289.62, including the salaries and commissions paid to agents, fees to examining surgeons, commutations for artificial limbs. and expenses of the agencies.

The Army invalid roll has increased from 95 405 June 30, 1872, to 99,804 June 30, 1873; the Navy widows and dependent relatives from


text: Metamorphoses (tr. Golding)/The Epistle

title: Metamorphoses (tr. Golding)/The Epistle


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136 some of the streams from the Taurus; but the larger rivers flow northward to the Black Sea. Beyond the break made by the Ægean Sea, we have the great basin of the Danube, also draining into the Black Sea; the head-streams of the Danube tributaries rise almost within sight of the Adriatic, but high on those Illyrian Uplands whose steep outer brink forms the mountain wall above the beautiful Dalmatian coast. That wall we name the Dinaric Alps.

Thus the Taurus and the Dinaric Alps present steep fronts to the Mediterranean and Adriatic, but send long rivers down to the Black Sea. But for the Ægean Sea, breaking through the uplands towards the Black Sea, and but for the Dardanelles, whose current races southward with the water of all the Black Sea rivers, these high, outward fronts of the Taurus and Dinaric Alps would be a single curving range, the edge of a continuous bar of land dividing the inner Black Sea from the outer Mediterranean and Adriatic. Were it not for the Dardanelles that edge would form the border of the Heartland, and the Black Sea and all its rivers would be added to the 'Continental' systems of drainage. When the Dardanelles are closed by land-power to the sea-power of the


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 Democratic Ideals and Reality, 1919 Fig 25 p 137.jpg. 25—Showing the boundary of the Heartland when Mediterranean sea-power enters the Black Sea + + + + +, and when land-power advances from the steppes to the Taurus and Dinaric Alps - - - - -.


text: Metamorphoses (tr. Golding)/Too the Reader


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Rh, as they have been in the Great War, that condition of things is in efEect realised so far as human movements are concerned.

The Roman Emperors put their Eastern capital at Constantinople, midway between the Danube and Euphrates frontiers, but Constantinople was to them more than the bridge-town from Eiurope into Asia. Rome, the Mediterranean Power, did not annex the northern shore of the Black Sea, and that sea, therefore, was itself a part of the frontier of the Empire. The steppes were left to the Scythians, as the Turks were then called, and at most a few trading stations were dotted by the seamen along the coast of the Crimea. Thus Constantinople was the point from which Mediterranean sea-power held the middle sea-frontier, as the land-power of the Legions held the western and eastern frontiers along the rivers. Under Rome, sea-power thus advanced into the Heartland, if that term be understood, in a large, a strategical sense, as including Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula.

Later history is no less transparent to the underlying facts of geography, but in the inverse direction. Some of the Turks from Central Asia turned aside from the way down into Arabia, and rode over the Median and


text: Metamorphoses (tr. Golding)/Book 1

title: Metamorphoses (tr. Golding)/Book 1


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Rh Armenian uplands into the open steppe of Asia Minor, and there made their home, just as the Magyar Turks only a century or two earlier rode round the north of the Black Sea into the Hungarian Steppe. Under great leaders of cavalry of the Ottoman dynasty, these Turks crossed the Dardanelles, and, following the 'Corridor' of the Maritza and Morava valleys through the Balkan Mountains, achieved the conquest of Magyar Hungary itself. From the moment that the city of Constantinople fell into Turkish hands in 1453, the Black Sea was closed to the Venetian and Genoese seamen. Under Rome, the realm of the seamen had been advanced to the northern shore of the Black Sea; under the Ottoman Turks the Heartland, the realm of the horsemen, was advanced to the Dinaric Alps and the Taurus. This essential fact has been masked by the extension of Turkish dominion into Arabia outside the Heartland; but it is evident again to-day when Britain has reconquered Arabia for the Arabs. Within the Heartland, the Black Sea has of late been the path of strategical design eastward for our German enemy.

We defined the Heartland originally in accordance with river drainage; but does not history, as thus recounted, show that for the


text:
User:Hex

Hello! I mainly contribute on the English Wikipedia, where I'm also an admin. Please see my user page there.

title: User:Hex


text:
Index talk:The Bible Against Slavery (Weld, 1838).djvu

"Page 2"
I don't think the "2" at the bottom of page 5 is a page number at all, it's just a printer's mark. Page 15 has a 3 at the bottom continuing the series. So I'll change the anomalous page number. Chris55 (talk) 17:28, 1 December 2012 (UTC)


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140 purposes of strategical thought it should be given a somewhat wider extension? Regarded from the point of view of human mobility, and of the different modes of mobility, it is evident that since land-power can to-day close the Black Sea, the whole basin of that sea must be regarded as of the Heartland. Only the Bavarian Danube, of very little value for navigation, may be treated as lying outside.

One more circumstance remains to be added, and we shall have before us the whole conception of the Heartland as it emerges from the facts of geography and history. The Baltic is a sea which can now be 'closed' by land-power. The fact that the German Fleet at Kiel was responsible for the mines and submarines which kept the Allied squadrons from entering the Baltic does not, of course, in any way vitiate the statement that the closing was by land-power; the Allied Armies in France were there by virtue of sea-power, and the German sea defences of the Baltic were there as a result of land-power. It is of prime importance in regard to any terms of peace which are to guarantee us against future war that we should recognise that under the conditions of to-day, as was admitted by responsible Ministers in the House of Commons, the


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Rh 1,730 to 1,770; the survivors of the war of 1812 from 17,100 to 1826; the widows of soldiers of the war of 1812 from 3,027 to 5,053, while the roll of Army widows and dependent relatives has decreased from 113,518 to 112,088, and the Navy invalids from 1,449 to 1,430. An annual diminution of the widows and dependent-relatives' roll may hereafter he expected by reason of the termination of minors' pensions (of which there were on the 30th of June last 34,850) on account of the children reaching the age of sixteen years.

A very careful and interesting analysis of this roll has been made since the close of the fiscal year, from which it is found that of the 112,088 pensioners upon it, 21 862 were widows without minor children; 29,696 were widows with children to the number of 54,451 under sixteen years of age; 34,850 were minors' pensions, with 57,807 children receiving the benefits therefrom; 21,852 were dependent mothers; 2,025 were dependent fathers, and 56 were pensions to brothers and sisters of deceased soldiers.

A tabular statement will be found in the appendix giving the results of this examination.

During the fiscal year the gains and losses to the rolls in numbers and in annual amount of pension were us follows:


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 Some of the above arguments are logical, it is chiefly clear however that the universal is more excellent, because when of two propositions we have that which is the prior, we also in a certain degree know and possess in capacity that which is posterior; thus if a man knows that every triangle has angles equal to two right, he also in a certain respect knows in capacity that an isosceles triangle has angles equal to two right, even if he does not know that the isosceles is a triangle, but he who has this proposition by no means knows the universal, neither in capacity nor in energy. The universal proposition also is intuitively intelligible, but the particular ends in sense.

Chapter 25
universal is better than particular demonstration, let so much be alleged, but that the affirmative is preferable to the negative, will be evident from this. Let that demonstration be better, cæteris paribus, which consists of fewer postulates, or hypotheses, or propositions. For if they are similarly known, quicker knowledge will be obtained through these, which is more eligible. The reason however of this proposition, that that which consists of fewer is better, universally is this; for if the media are similarly known, but things prior are more known, let the demonstration be through the media of B C D, that A is present with E, but through F G, that A is present with E. That A is present with D, and that A is present with E subsists similarly, but that A is with D, is prior and more known than that A is with E, for that is demonstrated


text: Index:The New National Health Service Leaflet 1948.pdf


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Your new National Health Service begins on 5th July. What is it? How do you get it?

It will provide you with all medical, dental, and nursing care. Everyone—rich or poor, man, woman or child—can use it or any part of it. There are no charges, except for a few special items. There are no insurance qualifications. But it is not a "charity". You are all paying for it, mainly as taxpayers, and it will relieve your money worries in time of illness.


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 out their demonstrations by this, as arithmetic, geometry, optics, and nearly, so to speak, whatsoever sciences investigate the "why," since either entirely or for the most part, and in most sciences, the syllogism of the why is through this figure. Wherefore also, on this account, it will be especially adapted to science, for it is the highest property of knowledge to contemplate the "why;" in the next place, it is possible through this figure alone to investigate the science of what a thing is; for in the middle figure, there is no affirmative syllogism, but the science of what a thing is belongs to affirmation, and in the last figure, there is an affirmative, but not an universal; but the what a thing is belongs to universals, for man is not a biped animal in a certain respect. Moreover this has no need of those, but they are condensed and enlarged through this, till we arrive at things immediate: it is evident, then, that the first figure is in the highest degree adapted to scientific knowledge.

Chapter 15
it happened that A was present with B individually, so also it may happen not to be present, and I mean by being present with, or not, individually, that there is no medium between them, for thus the being present with or not, will not be according to something else. When then either A or B is in a certain whole, or when both are, it is impossible that A should not be primarily present with B. For let A be in the whole of C, if then B is not in the whole of C, (for it is possible that A may be in a certain whole, but that B may not be in this,) there will be a syllogism that A is not present with B, for if C is present with every A, but with no B[,] A will be present with no B.  In like manner also, if B is in a certain whole, as for instance, in D, for D is with every B, but A with no D, so that A will be present with no B by a syllogism. In the same way it can be


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Page:The New National Health Service Leaflet 1948.pdf/2

You and everyone in your family will be entitled to all usual advice and treatment from a family doctor. Everyone aged 16 and over can choose his or her own doctor. A family need not all have the same doctor, but parents or guardians choose for children under 16.

Your dealings with your doctor will remain as they are now: personal and confidential. You will visit his surgery, or he will call on you, as may be necessary. The difference is that the doctor will be paid by the Government, out of funds provided by everybody.

Choose a doctor now—ask him to be your doctor under the new arrangements. Many will choose their present doctors. Any doctor can decline to accept a patient. If one doctor cannot accept you, ask another, or ask to be put in touch with one by the new "Executive Council" which has been set up in your area (you can get its address from the Post Office).

If you are already on a doctor's list under the old National Health Insurance Scheme, and if you do not want to change your doctor, do nothing. Your name will stay on his list under the new scheme.

But for your family, and for yourself if you are not already in the old National Health Insurance Scheme, now is the time to decide. Get an application form for each member of the family from the doctor you choose, or from any Post Office, Executive Council Office, or public library. Fill in the forms and give them to the doctor.

Later, your local Executive Council will send a "medical card" to everyone who has been accepted by a doctor. If you want to change your doctor, you can do so at any time without difficulty. If you need a doctor when away from your own district, you can go to any doctor who is taking part in the new arrangements. You will not have to pay.

Help to have the Scheme ready by 5th July by choosing your doctor at once.

For any further information about these arrangements, ask at the offices of the local Executive Council.

An expectant mother can have the services of a doctor who undertakes maternity work (whether he is her usual doctor or not), and of a midwife, as well as general care before and after confinement. If her usual doctor does not undertake maternity work, he, or the Welfare Centre, will put the expectant mother in touch with another doctor. It will be the doctor's responsibility, with a midwife, to give all proper care and (if he considers it necessary or is called in by the midwife) to be present at the confinement.


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Page:O. F. Owen's Organon of Aristotle Vol. 1 (1853).djvu/316

 present with that, so that there will be some principles that a thing is, but others that it is not. Still when it is required to demonstrate, that which is first predicated of B must be assumed; let this be C, and let A, in like manner, (be predicated) of this; by always proceeding thus, there is never a proposition externally, nor is that which is present with A assumed in the demonstration, but the middle is always condensed till they become indivisible and one. They are one indeed when the immediate is produced, and one proposition simply, an immediate one, and as in other things the principle is simple, but this is not the same every where, but in weight it is a minor, in melody a demi-semi-quaver, and something else in another thing, thus in syllogism, "the one" is an immediate proposition, but in demonstration and science it is intuition. In syllogisms then, which demonstrate the being inherent, nothing falls beyond (the middle), but in negatives here, nothing falls external of that which ought to be inherent, as if A is not present with B through C. For if C is present with every B, but A with no C, and if, again, it should be requisite to show that A is with no C, we must assume the medium of A and C, and thus we must always proceed. If


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Page:U.S. Department of the Interior Annual Report 1873.djvu/70

750

The following comparative statement will exhibit the number of pensioners with the annual amount of pension of each of the principal classes of pensioners, June 30, 1872, and June 30, 1873, together with the amount paid to each class during the fiscal year terminating on the above dates:

While the general rule of annual increase which has characterized the yearly disbursements of pensions during the past ten years has been maintained in the payments to certain classes of pensioners dining the past year, the marked feature of the expenditures for the year 1872-73 has been the large decrease in disbursements to the great class of widow and dependent-relative pensioners.

The amount paid to Army invalids was $410,680.02 greater than the year before; to Navy invalids, $11,529.13; to Navy Widows, $7,750.14; to survivors of the war of 1812, $101,191.14, and to widows of soldiers of the war of 1812, $353,310.06, but, to more than offset this, the payments to Army widows and dependent relatives fell off $1,877,511.87, by which the total disbursements for pensions for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1873, were reduced to $29,185,289,62, being $984,051.38 less than the preceding year, ($30,169,341.)

Of the unexpended balance of the appropriation for Army pensions there was in the hands of the pension agents on the 30th of June $14,511. (See table appendix.)

Of the unexpended balance of the appropriation for Navy pensions there was in the hands of the pension agents on the 30th of June $14,511.(See appendix.)

These balances have been covered into the Treasury under act of July 12, 1870.


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Page:O. F. Owen's Organon of Aristotle Vol. 1 (1853).djvu/298

 shown if both also are in a certain whole, but that it is possible that B may not be in the whole in which A is, or again A in which B is, is evident from those co-ordinations which do not interchange. For if none of those, which are in the class A C D, is predicated of any of those in B E F, but A is in the whole of H, which is co-arranged with it, it is evident that B will not be in H, for otherwise the co-ordinates would intermingle.

Likewise also if B is in a certain whole, but if neither is in any whole, and A is not present with B, it is necessary that it should not be present individually, for if there shall be a certain middle, one of them must necessarily be in a certain whole, for there will be a syllogism either in the first, or in the middle figure. If then it is in the first, B will be in a certain whole, (for it is necessary that the proposition in regard to this should be affirmative,) but if in the middle figure either of them may be (in the whole), for the negative being joined to both, there is a syllogism, but there will not be when both the propositions are negative.

It is manifestly possible then, that one thing may not be individually present with another, also when, and how this may happen, we have shown.

Chapter 16
ignorance which is denominated not according to negation, but according to disposition,


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Commons, John Rogers

COMMONS, John Rogers, American economist: b. Hollandsburg, Ohio, 13 Oct. 1862. He was graduated at Oberlin College with the degree of A.B. in 1888, and received the degree of LL.D. from the same institution in 1915. He studied at Johns Hopkins University 1888-90 and became professor of economics and sociology at Oberlin College 1891, at Indiana University 1892-95, Syracuse University 1895-99, and at the University of Wisconsin since 1904. He was director of the Bureau of Economic Research 1899-1901, and is director of the American Bureau of Industrial Research since 1904. He was investigator for the United States Industrial Commission 1901-02. In 1911 he was appointed a member of the Wisconsin Industrial Commission; and in 1913 he published a report of the work of the Milwaukee Bureau of Economy and Efficiency. He is the author of articles on wealth, labor, representation, etc., in scientific and other journals, and of ‘The Distribution of Wealth’ (1893); ‘Social Reform and the Church' (1894); ’Proportional Representation‘ (1895, rev. 1907); ’Trade Unionism and Labor Problems‘ (1905); ’Races and Immigrants in America‘ (1907); ’Labor and Administration‘ (1913); ’Labor Legislation‘ (with John B. Andrews, 1916). He edited ’Restriction of Output by Employers and Employees (the 7th special report of the United States Commissioner of Labor, 1904). He was also one of the editors of ‘A Documentary History of American Industrial Society’ (1910); ‘History of Labor in the United States’ (1917); and wrote ‘Principles of Labor Legislation’ (with John Andrews, 1917).


text:
Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals, and Railways, of Great Britain

1831 works


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Este, David Kirkpatrick


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Beaseley, Nathaniel


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Beatty, Charles


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Beatty, Erkuries


text: Historical Account of the Navigable Rivers, Canals, and Railways, of Great Britain/Index


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Page:U.S. Department of the Interior Annual Report 1873.djvu/71

Rh The appropriations for the present fiscal year are as follows:

These appropriations would have been amply sufficient had no additional expenditure been imposed by new legislation. The act of March 3, 1873, by extending the provision for $2 per month additional pension of act of July 25, 1866, to the children of officers and to single minors of privates, will increase very materially the amount paid to widow and minor pensioners, especially during the present fiscal year, as, upon the re-adjustment of the pension, arrears of increase from July 25, 1866, (or from commencement of original pension if subsequent to July 25, 1866,) are allowed. (The extent of this increase cannot be accurately estimated, but up to October 1, 1873, over eight thousand claims have been filed.)

By providing for the intermediate grades of $12, $13, $14, &c., for certain classes of invalid pensioners now receiving but $8, a further unexpected demand has been made upon the fund.

It is possible that the appropriation for "Army pensions" may be found sudicient, but the extremely small balance of the "Navy pension" appropriation remaining unexpended at the close of the past fiscal year indicates that with these new demands upon an appropriation of like amount for the present year it may be found insufficient.

Number of claims or pension arising from the war of the rebellion filed in the Pension-Office up to June 30, 1873, with the number allowed,rejected, and unadjudicated at that date.

A tabular statement was prepared for the last annual report from this office, showing the number of claims filed and allowed during each fiscal year since June 30, 1861 for wounds or injuries received, disease contracted in, or death resulting from, service in the war of the rebellion. The same statement is reproduced below, brought down to J une 30, 187 3.


text:
User:Roseohioresident

I speak and write English.

 * sandbox

title: User:Roseohioresident


text:
Page:Heidelberg catechism.pdf/12

 neighbor as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.

Love is the fulfilling of the law. Rom 13, 10.

Thou shalt not avenge, nor bear any grudge against the children of thy people, but thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. Lev. 19, 18.

Deut. 6, 5.

No: for I am by nature prone to hate God and my neighbor.

Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. Rom. 8, 7.

Rom. 3, 10—12.

No, but God created man good, and after His own image, that is, in righteousness and true holiness; that he might rightly know God his Creator, heartily love Him, and live with Him in eternal blessedness, to praise and glorify Him.

title: Page:Heidelberg catechism.pdf/12


text:
Page:U.S. Department of the Interior Annual Report 1873.djvu/72

752 The maximum number of invalid claims tiled during any one year was reached immediately after the close of the war, in 1866, during which year 35,799 were tiled. Since then the percentage of this maximum number, filed during each succeeding fiscal year, down to June 30, 1873, has been as follows:

It will be seen by this that applications for original pensions have settled down upon a basis of about 24 per cent. of the maximum year, or about three-tenths of one per cent. of the whole number of soldiers (2,6S8,523) who served in the late rebellion. This-percentage will probably continue, without much diminution, for a period of years. It is probable that, as those who served during the rebellion advance in life, disabilities will develop with many who left the service apparently sound, which they will regard as having originated in the service; but in a large proportion of such cases their claim will not be susceptible of proof.

The maximum number of claims of widows and dependent relatives tiled during apy one year was reached in 1865, during which year 44,464 were filed. he percentage of this maximum number, tiled during each succeeding fiscal year down to June 30, 1873, has been as follows:

Probably very few claims of widows and orphans of soldiers who died during the war remain to be presented. The claims growing out of the death of a soldier which are now being filed are principally those where death has occurred subsequent to the discharge of the soldier, (in a large proportion of cases the soldier having been in receipt of invalid pension,) and those of dependent relatives.

There is no reason to expect any considerable increase or diminution in the number of such claims which will annually be filed for some years to come.

The average pension to each of the following classes of pensioners was, on the 30th June last:

To Army invalids, $96.46 per annum—$8.04 per month.

To Army widows and dependent relatives, $124.56 per annum—$10.38 per month.

To Navy invalids, $105.27 per annum—88.77 per month.

To Navy Widows and dependent relatives, $158.00 per annum—$13.16 per month.

A careful and accurate examination of the entire invalid roll was made to determine the number of different rates paid to invalid


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Melville, James (1535-1617)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Melville, James (1556-1614)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Melville, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Melville, Robert (1527-1621)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Melville, Robert (1723-1809)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Melvin, James


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mendes, Fernando


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mendes, Moses


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mendham, Joseph


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mendoza, Daniel


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mendoza y Rios, Joseph de


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mends, Robert


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mennes, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Menken, Adah Isaacs


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Menteith, John de


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Menteith, Robert


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Menzies, Archibald


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Menzies, John (1624-1684)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Menzies, John (1756-1843)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Menzies, Michael


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Meopham, Simon


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Merbury, Charles


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mercer, Andrew


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mercer, Hugh


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mercer, James


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mercer, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mercer, William


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mercier, Philip


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Meredith, Edward