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{{rh|408|{{sc|Ch}} 47. {{gap}}Land Law {Ireland) Act, 1896.|59 & 60 Vicr. }}

(3.) Any jurisdiction vested by this Act in the High Court in relation to the purchase money under the Land Purchase Acts, or otherwise in relation to those Acts, shall, subject to rules of court, be exercised by a Land Judge.

49. Nothing in this Act contained shall prejudice or affect any right, benefit, or presumption, exercised or enjoyed under or by virtue of the Ulster tenant right custom, or any usage corresponding thereto.

50.—(1.) Part One of this Act shall, save as is by this Act expressly provided, apply to every proceeding pending at the commencement of this Act. (2.) An application to fix a fair rent for a holding shall not be refused on the ground of any previous decision with reference to the holding or any part thereof, whether between the same parties or otherwise, if such application can be sustained under this Act or any of the Land Law Acts as amended by this Act, and where a tenant would, if this Act had been in force at the passing of the Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1881, be now a present tenant, and either the landlord has not, since the passing of the said Act, or the thirty-first day of December one thousand eight hundred and eighty-two, as the case may be, resumed possession of the holding, or if he resumed the tenant has redeemed or been reinstated in his former tenancy, the tenant shall be deemed a present tenant for the purpose of any such application.

(3.) Parts One and Two of this Act shall be construed as one with the Land Law Acts,and together with those Acts may be cited as the Land Law Acts, and shall apply to all holdings to which the Land Law Acts, or any of them, as amended by this Act, apply, and section twenty-two of the Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1881, shall apply as if the said Acts and Parts of this Act were part of the foregoing provisions of the said Act of 1881, within the meaning of the said section.

(4.) Parts Two, Three, and Five of this Act shall be construed as one with the Land Purchase Acts as herein defined, and together with those Acts may be cited as the Land Purchase Acts.

(5.) The provisions of Part III. of this Act with respect to superior interests and a vesting order shall not, without the consent of the vendor and purchaser, apply to proceedings in respect of any agreement made before the commencement of this Act.

(6.) Part Four of this Act shall be construed as one with the Congested Districts Board (Ireland) Acts, as defined in the Congested Districts Board (Ireland) Act, 1894, and together with those Acts may be cited collectively as the Congested Districts Board (Ireland) Acts.

51. This Act may be cited as the Land Law (Ireland) Act, 1896.

52. The Acts specified in the Second Schedule to this Act are hereby repealed to the extent mentioned in the third column of that schedule.


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1896 SCHEDULES. FIRST SCHEDULE.

Particulars of Holding taken into consideration in fixing the Judicial Rent.

No. of Ordnance Sheet.

Date upon which holding inspected day of   189.

1 . Character of holding:— The land in a holding may be all of uniform charactor, or it may consist of two or more of the qualities of land indicated in the following Schedule, which should be carefully filled up according to the facts. The acreage of each class of land found in the holding should be set out in the column given for the purpose, and this area should be marked off with a blue coloured line on the Ordnance Surrey Map of the holdings and also marked with the letter or letters corresponding with same in the Schedule. These areas should be stated with as near an approach to accuracy as under the circumstances is possible. The record number of the holding should in each case be marked on the Map, and where more than one holding is marked on the Map a Schedule of holdings with the record numbers, and tenants' names is to be written on the right hand margin on the Map. The exterior boundaries of each holding must be carefully marked on the Map, with a red coloured line.

(1.) of classes of land.

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410 2. For what description of stock is the grass land best suited?

3. Carrying power in sums or collops of grass land stating the months during which the season usually continues, and how hay is provided?

4. How is the holding used?

5. The condition as to cultivation, deterioration or otherwise of the holding and the buildings thereon. Does the soil show traces of improvement or of deterioration, and to whom is the improvement or deterioration to be attributed?

6. Does the holding or any part of it require to be drained, and if so, how much of the holding? Mark part requiring drainage on map by thin parallel black lines.

7. : Proved in Court (excluding buildings) whether made by landlord or tenant, which are at present a bonâ fide benefit to the holding and are found to exist on inspection, to be stated in detail, together with the nature, character, and present capital value thereof, and the increased letting value due thereto, and the date, so near as can be ascertained, at which the same were made, and the deduction from rent made.

8. : If tenants state so, if landlords specify particulars of same, the date, so near as can be ascertained, at which they were made, state fair annual value, whether they have been kept in repair, and by whom, and any deduction from rent made on account thereof, and the extent (if any) to which the landlord has paid or compensated the tenant in respect thereof.

Improvements under this head shall be distinguished according as —

 * {a) they have been made wholly or partly by or at the cost of the tenant; and

 * (b) the landlord has paid or compensated the tenant in respect thereof.

9. : As to markets, railways, and county roads.

10. What percentage (if any) has been added for proximity, or what (if any) has been deducted in consequence of remote position?

11. Give particulars of any right of turbary, commonage, mountain grazing, or seaweed and state whether turbary is inside or outside holding, what amount has been added for any of those appurtenances.

12.

Average poor rate in 1l. county cess in 1l.

13. Special incidents of holding, such as aspect, elevation, and water supply, and general observations.

To be signed by Lay Assistant-Commissioners day of  189,


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1896 14. The foliowing improvements included in enumeration in paragraph No. 7 were made or acquired by the tenant or his predecessors in title, and are exempted from rent.

15 . For what rights (if any) referred to in answers to query No. 11 has an addition been made to the rent? .

16. Upon what assumption with regard to the respective liabilities of landlord and tenant as to rates and taxes mentioned in answers to query No. 12, has the judicial rent been fixed? To be signed by Legal and Lay Assistant-Commissioners.

17. The annual sum which should be the fair rent of the holding on the assumption that all improvements thereon were made or acquired by the landlord.

18. The fair rent of the holding.

19. If tenancy has been purchased since the Land Act, 1870, give date and amount of purchase money on each sale.

20. What changes of rent have been proved in evidence?

To be signed by Legal Assistant Commissioner alone.

SECOND SCHEDULE.


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412


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1896.

An Act to facilitate the Construction of Light Railways in Great Britain.[14th August 1896.]

E it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the sameas follows:

1.—(1.) For the purpose of facilitating the construction and working of light railways in Great Britain, there shall be established a commission, consisting of three commissioners, to be styled the Light Railway Commissioners, and to be appointed by the President of the Board of Trade.

(2.) It shall be the duty of the Light Railway Commissioners to carry this Act into effect, and to offer, so far as they are able, every facility for considering and maturing proposals to construct light railways.

(3.) If a vacancy occurs in the office of any of the light Railway Commissioners by reason of death, resignation, incapacity, or otherwise, the President of the Board of Trade may appoint some other person to fill the vacancy, and so from time to time as occasion may require.

(4.) There shall be paid to one of the Commissioners such salary, not exceeding one thousand pounds a year, as the Treasury may direct.

(5.) The Board of Trade may, with the consent of the Treasury as to number and remuneration, appoint and employ such number of officers and persons as they think necessary for the purpose of the execution of the duties of the Light Railway Commissioners under this Act, and may remove any officer or person so appointed or employed.

(6.) The said salary and remuneration, and all expenses of the Light Railway Commissioners incurred with the sanction of the Treasury in the execution of this Act shall, except so far as provision is made for their payment by or under this Act, be paid out of moneys provided by Parliament.

(7.) The Commissioners may act by any two of their number.

(8.) The powers of the Light Railway Commissioners shall, unless continued by Parliament, cease on the thirty-first day of December one thousand nine hundred and one.

2.An application for an order authorising a Light railway under Application this Act shall be made to the light Railway Commissioners, and or orders may be made:

(a) by the council of any county, borough, or district, through any part of which the proposed railway is to pass; or


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414 :(b) by any individual, corporation, or company; or
 * (c) jointly by any such councils, individuals, corporations, or companies.

3.—(1) The council of any county, borough, or district, may if authorised by an order under this Act
 * (a) undertake themselves to construct and work, or to contract for the construction or working of, the light railway authorised;
 * (b) advance to a light railway company, either- by way of loan or as part of the share capital of the company, or partly in-one way and partly in the other, any amount authorised by the order;
 * (c) join any other council or any person or body of personsin doing any of the things above mentioned; and
 * (d) do any such other act incidental to any of 'the things above mentioned as may be authorised by the order.

(2.) Provided that—
 * (a) an order authorising a council to undertake to construct and work or to contract for the construction or working of a Ligght railway, or to advance money to a light railway company, shall not be made except on an application by the council made in pursuance of a special resolution passed in manner directed by the First Schedule to this Act; and
 * (b) a council shall not construct or work or contract for the construction or working of any light railway wholly or partly outside their area, or advance any money for the purpose of any such railway, except jointly with the council of the outside area, or on proof to the satisfaction of the Board of Trade that such construction, working, or advance is expedient in the interests of the area of the first-mentioned council, and in the event of their being authorised so to do their expenditure shall be so limited by the order as not to exceed such amount as will, in the opinion of the Board of Trade, bear due proportion to the benefit which may be expected to accrue to their area from the construction or working of the railway.

4.—(1.) Where the council of any county, borough, or district, have advanced or agreed to advance any sum to a light railway company, the Treasury may also agree to make an advance to the company by lending them any sum not exceeding one quarter of the total amount required for the purpose of the light railway, and not exceeding the amount for the time being advanced by the council.

Provided that the Treasury shall not advance money to a light railway company under this section, unless at least one-half of the total amount required for the purpose of the light railway is provided by means of share capital, and at least one-half of that share capital has been subscribed and paid up by persons other than local authorities.

(2.) Any loan under this section shall bear interest at such rate not less than three pounds two shillings and sixpence per centum


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1896. per annum as the Treasury may from time to time authorise as being in their opinion sufficient to enable such loans to be made without loss to the Exchequer, and shall be advanced on such conditions as the Treasury determine.

(3.) Where the Treasury advance money to a light railway company under this section, and the advance by the council to the company is made in whole or part by means of a loan, the loan by the Treasury under this section shall rank pari passu with the loan by the Council.

5.—(1.) Where it is certified to the Treasury by the Board of Agriculture that the making of any light railway under this Act 5 would benefit agriculture in any district, or by the Board of Trade that by the making of any such railway a necessary means of communication would be established between a fishing harbour or fishing village and a market, or that such railway is necessary for the development of or maintenance of some definite industry, but that owing to the exceptional circumstances of the district the railway would not be constructed without special assistance from the State, and the Treasury are satisfied that a railway company existing at the time will construct and work the railway if an advance is made by the Treasury under this section, the Treasury may, subject to the limitation of this Act as to the amount to be expended for the purpose of special advances, agree that the railway be aided out of public money by a special advance under this section.

Provided that—
 * (a) the Treasury shall not make any such special advance unless they are satisfied that landowners, local authorities, and other persons locally interested have by the free grant of land or otherwise given all reasonable assistance and facilities in their power for the construction of the railway; and
 * (b) a special advance shall not in any case exceed such portion not exceeding one half of the total amount required for the construction of the railway as may be prescribed by rules to be made by the Treasury under this Act; and
 * (c) where the Treasury agree to make any such special advance as a free grants the order authorising the railway may make provision as regards any parish that, during a period not exceeding ten years to be fixed by the order, so much of the railway as is in that parish shall not be assessed to any local rate at a higher value than that at which the land occupied by the railway would have been assessed if it had remained in the condition in which it was immediately before it was acquired for the purpose of the railway, but before such provision is made in any order the local and rating authorities of every such parish shall be informed of the intention to insert such provision, and shall be entitled to be heard. The order may authorise the Board of Trade to extend any such period.


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416 (2.) A special advance under this section may be a free grant or a loan or partly a free grant and partly a loan.

(3.) Any free grant or loan for a special advance under this section shall be made on such conditions and at such rate of interest as the Treasury direct.

6.—(1) The total amount advanced by the Treasury under this Act shall not at any one time exceed one million pounds, of which provision of a sum not exceeding two hundred and fifty thousand pounds may y by expended for the purpose of special advances under this Act.

(2.) The National Debt Commissioners may lend to the Treasury, and Treasury may borrow from the National Debt Commissioners, such money as may be required for the purpose of advances by the Treasury under this Act, on such terms as to interest, sinking fund, and period of repayment (not exceeding thirty years from the date of the loan) as may be agreed on between the National Debt Commissioners and the Treasury.

(3.) The sums so lent by the National Debt Commissioners shall be repaid out of money provided by Parliament for the purpose,and if and so far as that money is insufficient shall be charged on, and payable out of, the Consolidated Fund, or the growing produce thereof.

7.—(1.) Where an application for authorising a light railway under this Act is made to the Light Railway Commissioners, those Commissioners shall, in the first instance, satisfy themselves that reasonable steps have been taken for consulting the local authorities, including road authorities, through whose areas the railway is intended to pass, and the owners and occupiers of the land it is proposed to take, and for giving public notice of the application, and shall also themselves by local inquiry and such other means as they think necessary possess themselves of all such information as they may consider material or useful for determining the expediency of granting the application.

(2.) The applicants shall satisfy the Commissioners that they have—

 * (a) published once at least in each of two consecutive weeks, in some newspaper circulating in the area or some part of the area through which the light railway is to pass, an advertisement describing shortly the land proposed to be taken and the purpose for which it is proposed to be taken, naming a place where a plan of the proposed works and the lands to be taken, and a book of reference to the plan, may be seen at all reasonable hours, and stating the quantity of land required; and

 * (b) served notice in the prescribed manner on every reputed owner, lessee, and occupier of any land intended to be taken, describing in each case the land intended to be taken, and inquiring whether the person so served assents to or dissents from the taking of his land, and requesting him to state any objections he may have to his land being taken.


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1896. The plan and book of reference shall be in the prescribed form, and for the purposes of this section the expression "prescribed" shall mean prescribed by rules made under this Act

(3.) The Commissioners shall before deciding on an application hve full opportunity for any objections to the application to be laid before them, and shall consider all such objections, whether made formally or informally.

(4) If after consideration the Commissioners think that the application should be granted, they shall settle any draft order submitted to them by theapplicants for authorising the railway, and see that all such matters (including provisions for the safety of the public and particulars of the land proposed to be taken) arr inserted therein, as they think necessary for the proper construction and working of the railway.

(5.) The order of the Light Railway Commissioners shall be provisional only, and shall have no effect until confirmed by the Board of Trade in manner provided by this Act.

(6.) Where an application for a light railway has been refused by the light Railway Commissioners, the applicants, if the council of any county, borough, or district, may appeal against such refusal to the Board of Trade, who may, at any time if they think fit, remit the application or any portion thereof to the said Commissioners for further consideration with or without special instructions

8,—(1.) The Commissioners shall submit any order made by Submission of them under this Act to the Board of Trade for confirmation, accompanied by such particulars and plans as may be required by confirmation, the Board, and shall also make and lay before the Board with the order a report stating the objections which have been made to the application, and the manner in which they have been dealt with, and any other matters in reference to the order which the Commissioners may think fit to insert in the report.

(2.) The Board of Trade shall give public notice of any order so submitted to them in such manner as they think best for giving information thereof to persons interested, and shall also state in the notice that any objections to the confirmation of the order must be lodged with the Board and the date by which those objections must be lodged.

9.—(1.) The Board of Trade shall consider any order submitted to them under this Act for confirmation with special reference to—
 * (a) the expediency of requiring the proposals to be submitted to Parliament; and
 * (b) the safety of the public; and
 * (c) any objection lodged with them in accordance with this Act.

(2.) The Light Railway Commissioners shall, so far as they are able, give to the Board of Trade any information or assistance which may be required by the Board for the purpose of considering any order submitted to them or any objection thereto.


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Page:Dictionary of National Biography, Second Supplement, volume 1.djvu/7

 VOL. I


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460 Company Limited and for other purposes. (Buenos Ayres and Ensenada Port Railway Company's.)

xxxii. An Act for empowering the Corporation of Birmingham to make certain deviations of the Aqueduct authorised by the Birmingham Corporation Water Act 1892 and to construct an additional short line of railway and to acquire additional lands and for other purposes. (Birmingham Corporation Water.)

xxxiii. An Act to extend the time for completing and opening the Brighton and Rottingdean Seashore Electric Tramway) and to raise additional Capital and for other purposes. (Brighton and Rottingdean Seashore Electric Tramroad.)

xxxiv. An Act to confer additional powers on the Trustees of the Harbour of Dundee and to amend the Acts relating to the Harbour and for other purposes. (Dundee Harbour (Additional Powers).)

xxxv. An Act to amend the Glasgow Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Repression Act 1878. (Glasgow Juvenile Delinquent Prevention and Repression Amendment.)

xxxvi. An Act for amending the Metropolitan Market Acts 1857 and 1865 and for other purposes. (Metropolitan Market.)

xxxvii. An Act to authorise the construction of Railways from and to Muirkirk Mauchline and Dalmellington and other places in the County of Ayr. {Muirkirk Mauchline and Dalmellingion Railways.)

xxxviii. An Act for empowering the British Gas Light Company Limited to extend their Works and to expend further Capital at Norwich. {British Gas Light Company Limited (Norwich).)

xxxix. An Act to amend the Great Northern London Cemetery Act 1876 in reference to the disposal of superfluous lands and for other purposes {Great Northern London Cemetery.)

xi. An Act for empowering the Corporation of the Royal Burgh of Irvine to construct a Weir or Dam across the River Irvine to construct a new Bridge over the said river with roads of access thereto to widen alter and improve streets and for other purposes (Irvine Burgh Improvement.)

xii. An Act for reconstituting the Company of Free Fishers and Dredgers of Whitstable in the county of Kent and for altering and enlarging their powers and for other purposes. (Whitstahle Oyster Fishery.)

xiii. An Act for vesting the undertaking of the South Leeds Junction Railway Company in the East and West Yorkshire Union Railways Company and for other purposes. (East and West Yorkshire Union Railways (South Leeds Junction Railway Transfer).)

xiiii. An Act to empower the National Life Assurance Society and the Mutual Life Assurance Society to amalgamate and for other purposes. (National Mutual Life Assurance Society's)


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457 TABLE III.

A TABLE of of the and passed during the

59 & 60 VICTORIA.— A.D. 1896.

The Titles to which the Letter P. is prefixed are Public Acts of a Local Character.

, 27th March 1896.

N Act to extend the time for the completion of the Acton Junction Railway of the Metropolitan District Railway Company. (Metropolitan District Railway (Extension of time).)

, 31st March 1896. P. ii. An Act to confirm a Provisional Order made by the Education Department under the Elementary Education Act 1870 to enable the School Board for Tottenham to put in force the Lands Clauses Acts. (Education Department Provisional Order Confirmation (Tottenham).)

P. iii. An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders made by the Board of Trade under the Electric Lighting Acts 1882 and 1888 relating to a portion of the Parish of Kensington St. Mary Abbotts and to the St. Clave and Strand Districts in the County of London. (Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (Notting Hill &c.).)

, 21st May 1896. P, iv. An Act to confirm a Provisional Order for forming a Compensation District and establishing a Compensation Board under the Brine Pumping (Compensation for Subsidence) Act 1891. (Brine Pumping {Compensation for Subsidence) Provisional Order Confirmation.)


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Knapp, Hermann

KNAPP, Hermann, German-American physician: b. Dauborn, 17 March 1832; d. 1911. He studied in Munich, Würzburg, Berlin, Leipzig, Zurich, Vienna, Paris, London and Utrecht, and was appointed private teacher (docent) at Heidelberg (1860), becoming professor of ophthalmology at the university (1865).

to America be founded (1869) the New York Ophthalmic and Aural Institute, and was made professor (1882) of the New York University Medical College. He was appointed professor of ophthalmology (1888) at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and (1902) emeritus professor. He did valuable service in optical surgery and wrote many valuable treatises on his special subjects, the eye and ear. Among his works are ‘Die Krümmung der Hornhaut des menschlichen Auges’ (Heidelberg 1860); ‘Die intraokularen geschwülste’ (Carlsruhe 1868); ‘Cocaine and its Use’ (New York 1885); ‘Investigations on Fermentation, Putrefaction and Suppuration’ (ib. 1886); ‘Cataract Extraction without Iridectomy’ (ib. 1887). In collaboration with Moos, he published Archives of Ophthalmology and Otology, from 1869, in English and German.


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458 P. v. An Act to confirm a Provisional Order under the Burgh Police (Scotland) Act 1892 relating to Cupar Water. (Cupar Water Order Confirmation.)

P. vi. An Act to confirm a Provisional Order made by the Secretary for Scotland under Part 1. of the Housing of the Working Classes Act 1890 relating to the City and Boyal Burgh of Aberdeen. (Aberdeen Improvement Scheme Provisional Order Confirmation.)

P. vii. An Act to confirm a Provisional Order under the Drainage and Improvement of Lands (Ireland) Act 1863 and the Acts amending the same relating to the Bunkey Drainage District in the Counties of Limerick and Tipperary. (Drainage and Improvement of Lands Supplemental (Ireland).)

viii. An Act to make provision with reference to the winding-up of the Kent and Surrey Permanent Benefit Building Society. (Kent and Surrey Permanent Benefit Building Society's.)

ix. An Act to extend the time for the sale of superfluous lands of the Millwall Dock Company. (Millwall Dock.)

x. An Act for incorporating the Uxbridge and Rickmansworth Railway Company and for other purposes. (Uxbridge and Rickmansworth Railway.)

xi. An Act to enable the Liverpool Warehousing Company Limited to issue transferable certificates and warrants for the delivery of goods and for other purposes. (Liverpool Warehousing Company Limited (Delivery Warrants).)

xii. An Act to authorise the transfer of the undertaking of the Liverpool Electric Supply Company Limited to the Corporation of Liverpool. (Liverpool Electric Supply (Transfer).)

xiii. An Act to confer further powers on the Cheltenham Gas Light and Coke Company and for other purposes. (Cheltenham Gas.)

xiv. An Act to incorporate the subscribers to the Customs Annuity and Benevolent Fund and for other purposes. (Customs Annuity and Benevolent Fund.)

xv. An Act to enable certain alterations to be made in the Plan of Arrangement of the affairs of the English Scottish and Australian Chartered Bank and for other purposes. (English Scottish and Australian Bank Limited.)

xvi. An Act to confer further powers on the Waterford and Central Ireland Railway Company for the construction of new Railways to form part of the Central Ireland Railway to Authorise that Company and the Kilkenny Junction Railway Company to amalgamate their undertakings and for other purposes. (Central Ireland Railway.)

xvii. An Act to revive and extend some of the powers of the Sutton Bridge Dock Company to make further provisions with respect to their unissued capital and for other purposes. (Sutton Bridge Dock)

xviii. An Act for incorporating the Bideford Westward Ho! and Appledore Railway Company and for other purposes. (Bideford Westward Ho ! and Appledore Railway.)


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A.D. 1896.] xix. An Act to provide for the transfer of Cavendish Bridge to the County Council of Leicestershire and for the transfer of Harrington and Willington Bridges to the County Council of Derbyshire and for winding up the trusts of the said Bridges and for other purposes. (Cavendish Harrington and Willington Bridges (Transfer).)

xx. An Act for empowering the Dewsbury and Heckmondwike Waterworks Board to construct additional Waterworks and for other purposes. (Dewsbury and Heckmondwike Water.)

xxi. An Act to incorporate and confer powers on the Liverpool Cattle Market Company and for other purposes, (Liverpool Cattle Market.)

xxii. An Act for appropriating the Leper Hospital of Saint Stephen in the City of Waterford and converting the same into a Public Infirmary for the County of Waterford and the County of the City of Waterford and to make provision for the establishment management and maintenance of the said Infirmary and for other purposes. (Waterford Infirmary.)

xxiii. An Act for the granting of further powers to the Guildford Gaslight and Coke Company. (Guildford Gas.)

xxiv. An Act to confer further powers upon the Great Eastern Railway Company and for other purposes. (Great Eastern Railway (General Powers).)

xxv. An Act for conferring further powers on the Ilfracombe Gas Company, (Ilfracormbe Gas.)

xxvi. An Act to make further provision respecting the Gas and Water Supply of the Corporation of Rotherham and for other purposes. (Rotherham Corporation.)

xxvii. An Act for the granting of further powers to the Fylde Waterworks Company and for other purposes. (Fylde Water.)

P. xxviii An Act to confirm a Provisional Order of the Local Government Board relating to the Parish of Saint Matthew Bethnal Green. (Local Government Board's Provisional Order Confirmation (Poor Law).)

P. xxix. An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders of the Local Government Board relating to Clitheroe Goole Halifax Llandudno Plymouth Stratford-upon-Avon Swansea and Wallasey. (''Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 4).'')

P. xxx. An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders of the Local Government Board relating to the Brighouse Fulstone-and-Hepworth Hanley-Stoke-and-Fenton Hertford-and-Ware Isle-of-Thanet Sittingboume-and-Milton Stone Stroud and Wallsend-and-Willington-Quay Joint Hospital Districts. (Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation {No. 5).)

, 2nd July 1896.

xxxi. An Act for the conversion of the existing Preference Stock of the Buenos Ayxes and Ensenada Port Railway


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418 (3.) If the Board of Trade on such consideration are of opinion that by reason of the magnitude of the proposed undertaking, or of the effect thereof on the undertaking of any railwwy company existing at the time, or for any other special reason relating to the undertaking, the proposals of the promoters Ought to be submitted to Parliament, they shall not confirm the order.

(4.) The Board of Trade shall modify the provisions of the order for ensuring the safety of the public in such manner as they consider requisite or expedient.

(5.) If any objection to the order is lodged with the Board of Trade and not withdrawn, the Board of Trade shall consider the objection and give to those by whom it is made an opportunity of being heard, and if after consideration they decide that the objection should be upheld, the Board shall not confirm the order, or shall modify the order so as to remove the objection.

(6.) The Board of Trade may, at any time, if they think fit, remit the order to the Light Railway Commissioners for further consideration, or may themselves hold or institute a local inquiry, and hear all parties interested.

10 . The Board of Trade may confirm the order with or without modifications as the case may require, and an order so confirmed shall have effect a& if enacted by Parliament, and shall be conclusive evidence that all the requirements of this Act in respect of proceedings required to be taken before the making of the order have been complied with.

11. An order under this Act may contain provisions consistent with this Act for all or any of the following purposes: —

 * (a) the incorporation, subject to such exceptions and variations as may be mentioned in the order, of all or any of the provisions of the Clauses Acts as defined by this Act. Provided that where it appears to the Board of Trade that variations of the Lands Clauses Acts are required by the special circumstances of the case, the Board of Trade shall make a special report to Parliament on the subject, and that nothing in this section shall authorise any variation of the provisions of the Lands Clauses Acts with respect to the purchase and taking of land otherwise than by agreement; and
 * (b) the application, if and so far as may be considered necessary, of any of the enactments mentioned in the Second Schedule to this Act (being enactments imposing obligations on railway companies with respect to the safety of the public and other matters); and
 * (c) giving the necessary powers for constructing and working the railway, including power to make agreements with railway and other companies for the purpose; and
 * (d) giving any railway company any power required for carrying the order into effect; and
 * (e) the constitution as a body corporate of a company for the purpose of carrying out the objects of the order; and


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32

1. The hinkâra is hair, the prastâva skin, the udgîtha flesh, the pratihâra bone, the nidhana marrow. That is the Yagñâyagñîya Sâman, as interwoven in the members of the body.

2. He who thus knows the Yagñâyagñîya, as interwoven in the members of the body, becomes possessed of strong limbs, he is not crippled in any limb, he reaches the full life, he lives long, becomes great with children and cattle, great by fame. His rule is, 'Do not eat marrow for a year,' or 'Do not eat marrow at all.'

1. The hinkâra is fire, the prastâva air, the udgîtha the sun, the pratihâra the stars, the nidhana the moon. That is the Râgana Sâman, as interwoven in the deities.

2. He who thus knows the Râgana, as interwoven in the deities, obtains the same world, the same happiness, the same company as the gods, he reaches the full life, he lives long, becomes great with children and cattle, great by fame. His rule is, 'Do not speak evil of the Brâhmanas.'

1. The hinkâra is the threefold knowledge, the prastâva these three worlds, the udgîtha Agni (fire), Vâyu (air), and Âditya (sun), the pratihâra the stars, the birds, and the rays, the nidhana the serpents, Gandharvas, and fathers. That is the Sâman, as interwoven in everything.

2. He who thus knows this Sâman, as interwoven in everything, he becomes everything.


text: Page:Dictionary of National Biography, Second Supplement, volume 1.djvu/8


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/439

1896 :(f) the representation on the managing body of the railway of any council who advance, or agree to advance, any money for the purpose of the railway; and
 * (g) authorising a council to advance or borrow money for the purposes of the railway and limiting the amount to be so advanced or borrowed, and regulating the terms on which any money is to be so advanced or borrowed; and
 * (h) the manner in which the profits are to be divided, where an advance is made by a council to a light railway company as part of the share capital of the company; and
 * (i) the proper audit of the accounts of the managing body of the railway where the managing body is not a local authority and the time within which the railway must be constrnucted; and
 * (j) fixing the maximum rates and charges for traffic; and
 * (k) in the case of a new company, requiring the company to make a deposit, and providing for the time of making and the application of the deposit; and
 * (l) empowering any local authority to acquire the railway; and
 * (m) any other matters, whether similar to the above or not, which may be considered ancillary to the objects of the order or expedient for carrying those objects into effect

12 .—(1.) The Clauses Acts, as defined by this Act, and the enactments mentioned in the Second Schedule to this Act, shall not apply to a light railway authorised under this Act except so far as they are incorporated or applied by the order authorising the railway.

(2.) Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Act and to any special provisions contained in the order authorising the railway, the general enactments relating to railways shall apply to a light railway under this Act in like manner as they apply to any other railway; and for the purposes of those enactments, and of the Clauses Acts so far as they are incorporated or applied by the order authorising the railway, the light railway company shall be deemed a railway company, and the order under this Act a special Act, and any provision thereof a special enactment. Provided that a light railway shall not be deemed to be a railway within the meaning of the Railway Passenger Duty Act, 1842, and that no duties shall hereafter be levied in respect of passengers conveyed on a light railway constructed under this Act in respect of the conveyance of such passengers upon such railway.

13 .—(1.) Where any order under this Act incorporates the Lands Clauses Acts, any matter which under those Acts may be determined by the verdict of a jury, by arbitration, or by two justices, shall for the purposes of the order be referred to and determined by a single arbitrator appointed by the parties, or if the parties do not concur in the appointment of a single arbitrator then by the Board of Trade, and the provisions of this Act shall apply with respect to the determination of any such matter in lieu of those of the Lands Clauses Acts relating thereto. Provided that in determining the amount of compensation, the arbitrator shall have regard to the extent to which the remaining and contiguous lands


text:
User talk:60.242.172.23

Welcome

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text:
Page:Sacred Books of the East - Volume 1.djvu/147

Rh 3. And thus it is said in the following verse: 'There are the fivefold three (the three kinds of sacrificial knowledge, the three worlds &c. in their fivefold form, i.e. as identified with the hinkâra, the prastâva, &c), and the other forms of the Sâman. Greater than these there is nothing else besides.'

4. He who knows this, knows everything. All regions offer him gifts. His rule is, 'Let him meditate (on the Sâman), knowing that he is everything,  .'

.

1. The udgîtha, of which a poet said, I choose the deep sounding note of the Sâman as good for cattle, belongs to Agni; the indefinite note belongs to Pragâpati, the definite note to Soma, the soft and smooth note to Vâyu, the smooth and strong note to Indra, the heron-like note to Brihaspati, the dull note to Varuna. Let a man cultivate all of these, avoiding, however, that of Varuna.

2. Let a man sing, wishing to obtain by his song immortality for the Devas. 'May I obtain by my song oblations (svadhâ) for the fathers, hope for men, fodder and water for animals, heaven for the sacrificer, food for myself,' thus reflecting on these in his mind, let a man (Udgâtri priest) sing praises, without making mistakes in pronunciation, &c.


text:
Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/440

420 and hereditaments belonging to the same proprietor may be benefited by the proposed light railway.

(2.) The Board of Trade may, with the concurrence of the Lord Chancellor, make rules fixing a scale of costs to be applicable on any such arbitration, and may, by such rules, limit the cases in which the costs of council are to be allowed.

(3.) The Arbitration Act, 1889, shall apply to any arbitration under this section.

14. Any order under this Act may, notwithstanding anything in the Lands Clauses Acts, authorise the payment to trustees of any purchase money or compensation not exceeding five hundred pounds.

15.—(1.) If the Board of Trade hold a local inquiry for the purposes of this Act, Part I. of the Board of Trade Arbitrations, &c. Act, 1874, shall apply to any inquiry so held as if—

 * (a) the inquiry was held on an application made in pursuance of a special Act; and
 * (b) the parties making the application for the order authorising the light railway, and in the case of an inquiry held with reference to an objection made to any such application the persons making the objection in addition, were parties to the application within the meaning of section three of the Act.

(2.) The Board of Trade may make such rules as they think necessary for regulating the procedure under this Act, whether before the Board of Trade or before the Light Railway Commissioners, and any other matters which they may think expedient to regulate by rule for the purpose of carrying this Act into effect.

(3.) There shall be charged in respect of proceedings under this Act before the Board of Trade or the Light Railway Commissioners such fees as may be fixed by the Treasuiy on the recommendation of the Board of Trade.

(4.) Any expenses of the Board of Trade under this Act shall except so far as provision is made for their payment by or under this Act, be defrayed out of moneys provided by Parliament.

(5.) The Board of Trade shall present to Parliament annually a report of their proceedings and of the proceedings of the Light Railway Commissioners under this Act.

16.—(1.) The council of any county, borough, or district may pay any expenses incurred by them and allowed by the Light Railway Commissioners with reference to any application for an order authorising a light railway under this Act, in the case of a county council as general expenses, in the case of a borough council out of the borough fund or rate, and in the case of a district council other than a borough council as general expenses under the Public Health Acts.

Provided that any expenses incurred by a county council under this Act may be declared by the order authorising the railway or, in the event of an unsuccessful application for such an order, by the Light Railway Commissioners, to be exclusively chargeable on certain parishes only in the county, and those expenses shall be


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Page:Sacred Books of the East - Volume 1.djvu/152

38

.

1. The sun is indeed the honey of the Devas. The heaven is the cross-beam (from which) the sky (hangs as) a hive, and the bright vapours are the eggs of the bees.

2. The eastern rays of the sun are the honey-cells in front. The Rik verses are the bees, the Rig-veda (sacrifice) is the flower, the water (of the sacrificial libations) is the nectar (of the flower).

3. Those very Rik verses then (as bees) brooded over the Rig-veda sacrifice (the flower); and from it, thus brooded on, sprang as its (nectar) essence, fame, glory of countenance, vigour, strength, and health.

4. That (essence) flowed forth and went towards the sun. And that forms what we call the red (rohita) light of the rising sun.


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/441

1896. levied accordingly as expenses for a special county purpose under the Local Government Act, 1888.

(2.) Where the council of any county, borough, or district are authorised to expend any money by an order authorising a light railway under this Act, they may raise the money required, —
 * (a) if the expenditure is capital expenditure, by borrowing in manner authorised by the order; and
 * (b) if the expenditure is not capital expenditure, as if it was on account of the expenses of an application under this Act.

(3.) The Board of Trade may from time to time on the application of any council extend, subject to the limitations of this Act, the limit of the amount which the council are authorised by an order under this Act to borrow, or to advance to a light railway company, and the limit so extended shall be substituted for the limit fixed by the order.

(4.) Where an order under this Act authorises any council to borrow for the purposes of a light railway, suitable provision shall be made in the order for requiring the replacement of the money borrowed within a fixed period not exceeding sixty years, either by means of a sinking fund or otherwise.

(5.) Any profits made by a council in respect of a light railway shall be applied in aid of the rate out of which the expenses of the council in respect of the light railway are payable.

(6.) Where a rate is levied for meeting any expenditure under this Act, the demand note for the rate shall state, in a form prescribed by the Local Government Board, the proportion of the rate levied for that expenditure.

17.—(1.) The councils of any county, borough, or district, may appoint a joint committee for the purpose of any application for an order authorising a light railway under this Act, or for the joint construction or working of a light railway, or for any other purpose in connexion with such a railway for which it is convenient that those councils should combine.

(2.) The provisions of the Local Government Act, 1888 or of the Local Government Act, 1894, as the case may be, with respect to joint committees, shall apply to any joint committee appointed for the purpose of this Act by any councils who could appoint a joint committee under those Act, but where the councils have no power under those Acts to appoint a joint committee the provisions in the Third Schedule to this Act shall apply.

18. Where a company have power to construct or work a railway, they may be authorised by an order under this Act to construct and work or to work the railway or any part of it as a light railway under this Act.

19.—(1.) Where any person has power, either by statute or Power of otherwise, to sell and convey any land for the purpose of any owners to grant works of a light railway, he may, with the sanction of the Board of Agriculture given under this section, convey the land for that for a light purpose either without payment of any purchase money or compensation or at a price less than the real value, and may so convey it free from all incumbrances thereon.


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/442

422 (2.) Whenever any person who is a landowner within the meaning of the Improvement of Land Act, 1864, contributes any money for the purpose of any works of a light railway, the amount so contributed may, with the sanction of the Board of Agriculture given under this section, be charged on the land of the landowner improved by the works in the same manner and with the like effect as in the case of a charge under that Act.

(3.) The Board of Agriculture shall not give their sanction under this section unless they are satisfiedthat the works for which the land is conveyed or the money is contributed will effect a permanent increase in the value of the land held by the same title or of other land of the same landowner exceeding, in the case of a conveyance of land, that which is, in the opinion of the Board of Agriculture, the real value of the land conveyed or the difference between that value and the price, as the case may be, and in the case of a contribution of money the amount contributed: Provided also, that if the land proposed to be conveyed is subject to incumbrances, the Board of Agriculture, before giving their sanction under this section shall cause notice to be given to the incumbrancers, and shall consider the objections, if any, raised by them.

20. The Commissioners of Woods shall, on behalf of Her Majesty, have the like powers to convey Crown lands as are by this Act conferred upon persons having power, either by statute or otherwise, to sell and convey lands, except that in the case of Crown lands the sanction of the Treasury shall be substituted for the sanction of the Board of Agriculture.

21.—(1.) No land being part of any common, and no easement over or affecting any common, shall be purchased, taken, or acquired under this Act without the consent of the Board of Agriculture, and the Board shall not give their consent unless they are satisfied that, regard being had to all the circumstances of the case, such purchase, taking, or acquisition is necessary, that the exercise of the powers conferred by the order authorising the railway will not cause any greater injury to the common than is necessary, and that all proper steps have been taken in the interest of the commoners and of the public to add other land to the common (where this can be done) in lieu of the land taken, and where a common is divided to secure convenient access from one part of the common to the other.

(2.) The expression "common" in this section shall include any land subject to be enclosed under the Inclosure Acts, 1845 to 1882, any metropolitan common within the meaning of the Metropolitan Commons Acts, 1866 to 1878, and any town or village green.

22. If any objection to any application for authorising a light railway is made to the light Railway Commissioner, or if any objection to any draft order is made to the Board of Trade on the ground that the proposed undertaking will destroy or injure any building or other object of historical interest, or will injuriously affect any natural scenery, the Commissioners and the Board of Trade respectively shall consider any such objection, and give to


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Page:The European Concert in the Eastern Question.djvu/97

 attributions de ces Tribunaux religieux Musulmans et des Démogéronties.

12. II sera institué au centre du Gouvernement Général un Conseil Général élu par la population et dans lequel chaque Kaza sera représenté par deux Délégués; chaque Kaza exclusivement Musulman enverra au Conseil Général des Délégués Musulmans; il en sera de même des Kazas exclusivement Chrétiens; enfin chaque Kaza Mixte sera représenté par un Délégué Musulman.

Le mode d'élection de ces Délégués sera fixé par un règlement spécial.

Ce Conseil, qui se réunira une fois par an, aura pour mission d'étudier les questions relatives aux travaux d'utilité publique, telles que le développement des voies de la communication, la formation de caisses de crédit, et tout ce qui peut servir à favoriser l'agriculture, le commerce et l'industrie, enfin aux moyens de répandre l'instruction publique en ce qui est d'une application générale. Le Gouvernement Impérial allouera, sur les revenus de l'île, des fonds qui seront destinés aux améliorations étudiées et proposées par le Conseil Général et approuvées et decretées par la Sublime Porte. L'emploi de ces fonds sera placé sous le contrôle du Conseil Général.

13. Les habitants de la Crète ayant été exempts de tout temps de l'impót direct que toutes les autres Provinces de l'Empire payent à l'Etat, il ne sera perçu dans l'ile que la dîme, le droit d'exemption du service militaire, le droit sur les boissons, les droits de douane, et les droits sur le sel et sur le tabac, créés en compensation du dégrèvement des droits de douane, et certains autres droits qui sont payés par les habitants de l'île, comme dans les autres parties de l'Empire, et dont la modification est actuellement à l'étude.

II ne sera imposé dans l'île aucune autre contribution.

L'examen des moyens propres à assurer la perception intégrale des revenus de l'Etat et à fournir à la population de l'île des facilités et des avantages dans le payement des dîmes et de l'impôt militaire sera dévolu au Conseil Général. Le Gouvernement Impérial avisera à l'application de ces améliorations suivant les vœux qui seront exprimés à ce sujet par le Conseil Général.


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/443

1896. those by whom it is made a proper opportunity of being heard in support of it.

23. Any junction of a light railway authorised under this Act Junctions with any existing railway shall so far as is in the opinion of the Board of Trade reasonably practicable avoid interference with lines of rails used for passenger traffic.

24. An order authorising a light railway under this Act may be Amendment of altered or added to by an amending order made in like manner and subject to the like provisions as the original order.

Provided that—
 * (a) the amending order may be made on the application of any authority or person; and
 * (b) the Board of Trade, in considering the expediency of requiring the proposals for amending the order to be submitted to Parliament, shall have regard to the scope and provisions of the original order; and
 * (c) the amending order shall not confer any power to acquire the railway except with the consent of the owners of the railway.

25. The definition of "Act of Parliament" in the Telegraph Act, 1878, shall include an order authorising a light railway under this Act.

26. This Act shall apply to Scotland with the following modifications:—

(1.) In section five of this Act the expression "Secretary for Scotland" shall be substituted for the expressions "Board of Agriculture" and " Board of Trade " respectively, occurring in that section;

(2.) References to the council of any county, borough, or district, shall be construed as references to the county council of any county, or the town council, or where there is no town council the police commissioners, of any burgh, or the commissioners of any police burgh, or the district committee of any district under the Local Government (Scotland) Act, 1889 ; or in any county where there is no district committee any two or more parish councils may combine;

(3.) "Arbiter" shall be substituted for "arbitrator," and that arbiter shall be deemed to be a single arbiter within the meaning of the Lands Clauses Acts, and in lieu of the provisions of the Arbitration Act, 1889, the provisions of the Lands Clauses Acts with respect to an arbitration shall apply, except the provisions of the said Acts as to the expenses of the arbitration, in lieu of which the following provision shall have effect, namely, the expenses of the arbitration and incident thereto shall be in the discretion of the arbiter, who may direct to and by whom and in what manner those expenses, or any part thereof, shall be paid, and may tax or settle the amount of expenses to be so paid, or any part thereof, and may award expenses to be paid as between agent and client;


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/444

424 (4.) The Lord President of the Court of Session shall be substituted for the Lord Chancellor;

(5.) The money necessary to defray expenditure, not being capital expenditure incurred hy a county council in pursuance of this Act, shall be raised by a rate imposed along with but as a separate rate from the rate for maintenance of roads(herein-after referred to as "the road rate") leviable under the Eoads and Bridges (Scotland) Act, 1878, upon lands and heritages within the county, or the district, or the parish, as the case may be. The money necessary to defray expenditure similarly incurred by a town council, or police commissioners, or burgh commissioners shall br raised by a rate imposed along with but as, a separate rate from the police assessment or burgh general assessment, as the case may be. If the expenditure incurred is capital expenditure it shall be raised by borrowing in the manner authorised by the order, the rate chargeable for repayment of capital, including interest and expenses, being the same rate as is liable for maintenance as aforesaid;

(6.) The provisions relating to district councils shall apply to district committees or combinations of parish councils, subject to the following modifications:—

 * (a.) A district committee shall not be entitled to make an application under section two hereof except with the consent of the county council given at a special or statutory meeting of the council, of which one month's special notice, setting forth the purpose of the meeting, shall have been sent to each councillor:

 * (b.) A resolution to give such consent shall not be passed by the council unless two-thirds of the councillors present and voting at the special or statutory meeting concur the resolution:—

 * (c.) Nothing in this Act shall authorise a district committee to raise money by rate or loan, but any money necessary to defray expenditure, not being capital expenditure incurred by it in pursuance of this Act, shall be raised by the county council by a rate imposed along with but as a separate rate from the road rate; and any money necessary to defray capital expenditure shall be raised by the county council by borrowing in the manner authorised by the order, as in section sixteen hereof mentioned:

(7.) The expression "Clauses Acts" shall mean the Lands Clauses Acts, the Railway Clauses Consolidation (Scotland) Act, 1845, the Companies Clauses Consolidation (Scotland) Act, 1845, the Companies Clauses Act, 1863, the Railways Clauses Act, 1863, and the Companies Clauses Act, 1869;

(8.) References to the Local Government Act, 1888, and the Local Government Act, 1894, shall be construed as references to the Local Government (Scotland) Act, 1889, and the Local Government (Scotland) Act, 1894 ;


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography, Second Supplement, volume 1.djvu/9

present Supplement has been undertaken by Mrs. George M. Smith, now the proprietor of the Dictionary of National Biography, and has been edited by Sir Sidney Lee. It furnishes biographies of noteworthy persons who died between 22 Jan. 1901 and 31 Dec. 1911. The former date was the day of Queen Victoria's death, and the First Supplement, which was published in the autumn of 1901, brought the record of national biography down to that limit. The bounds are now extended by nearly eleven years. The new volumes treat exclusively of those whom death has qualified for admission within the prescribed period.

When the present Supplement was planned the death of King Edward VII was not anticipated. Among the great names which the present volume includes, that of the late King is bound to attract chief attention. His memoir, like that of Queen Victoria in the First Supplement, is from the pen of the Editor. It is an attempt made it is believed for the first time to co-ordinate the manifold activities of the sovereign in a just historic and biographic spirit. To the information which is already scattered through numerous published sketches and books of reminiscence at home and abroad much has been added, through the courtesy of those associated with the late King, from unpublished and unwritten sources. It is hoped that the result will be to remove some widely disseminated misapprehensions and to furnish some new and authentic elucidations. Although the article is shorter than that on Queen Victoria, it is on a larger scale than is habitual to the Dictionary. But the prominent place which the late King filled for half a century in the nation's public life, both before and after his accession, seemed, in the absence of a full record elsewhere, to compel a treatment which should be as exhaustive and authoritative as the writer's knowledge allowed, with due regard to the recent dates of the events.

The late King had a personal relation with the Dictionary which,


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Knapp, Martin Augustine

KNAPP, Martin Augustine, American judge: b. Spafford, N. Y., 6 Nov. 1843. Ha. was graduated at Wesleyan University, Connecticut (1868), received the degree of LL.D., and was admitted to the bar (1869), being appointed corporation counsel (1877-83) in Syracuse. In 1891 he was appointed interstate commerce commissioner by President Harrison, reappointed (1897) by President Cleveland, and again reappointed (1902) by President Roosevelt, becoming chairman of the commission from 1898. Under the Erdman Act as ex officio mediator, he assisted in the work of settlement of numerous labor disputes. He was appointed by President Taft additional circuit judge and assigned for five years to the United States Commercial Court as presiding judge, entering office 31 Dec. 1910, but immediately resigning. He was appointed a mediator for two years from 4 March 1911, becoming member of the Board of Mediation and Conciliation under the Newlands Act (1913), by appointment of President Wilson. On the dissolution of the Commerce Court (13 Dec. 1913) he was assigned by the chief justice to the Circuit Court of Appeals, 4th Judicial Circuit. He is member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the American Economic Association, American Political Science Association, National Geographical Society, etc.


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Page:Face to Face With the Mexicans.djvu/93

Rh Insatiable curiosity is the birthright of the poor of Mexico, and on this remarkable day they gathered about the windows until not another one could find room—talking to Pancho, who looked as if already under sentence for an infraction of the criminal code. They made strange motions with their fingers, exclaiming at the same time: "Es una verguenza del mozo hacer tales cosas!" ("It is a shame for a mozo to do such things!") Others replied by saying: "Es un insulto!" ("It is an insult!"), while others took up the argument of the case by saying: " Por supuesto que si" ("Why, of course it is"). But all this did not cause Pancho to give me a rude look or an impertinent word.

The floor now looked red and shiny, the windows were clear and glistening, and the six hair-cloth chairs stood grimly along the wall, in deference to the custom. My little friend took her departure, and Pancho moved lamely about, as if stiffened by his arduous labor.

In all my housekeeping experiences nothing ever occurred which for novelty was comparable to the events of that morning. I felt sure that when Mother Noah descended from Mount Ararat, and assumed the responsibilities of housekeeping—or more properly tent-keeping—on the damp plain, however embarrassing the limitation of her equipments may have been, she was at least spared the provocation of a scornful and wondering audience, greeting her efforts on every side with that now unendurable remark, "No es costumbre."

I afterward learned the cause of the commotion, when it transpired that such services as floor-cleaning are performed, not by the mozo, but by a servant hired for the occasion, outside the household.

In a few moments my lavandera —washerwoman—entered, accompanied by her two pretty, shy little girls. Having complimented the fresh appearance of the house,—Pancho now and then explaining what he had done,—she informed me that the following day would be the dia de santo—saint's day—of one of her bright-eyed chiquitas, and "hay costumbre" ("there is a custom") of receiving tokens on these days from interested friends. Acting upon this hint, I went to my bedroom, followed by Juana and the niñas, who displayed great surprise at every step. My red and yellow covered beds they tapped


text:
User talk:101.215.246.213

Welcome

Hello, and welcome to Wikisource! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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You are welcome to continue editing articles without logging in, but you may wish to  [ create an account] . Doing so is free, requires no personal information, and provides several benefits. Creating an account on Wikisource has many of the same benefits as creating an account on Wikipedia. For one thing, if you continue to edit without a username, your IP address is used to publicly identify you.

In any case, I hope you enjoy donating your time to grow the Wikisource library that is free for everyone to use! In discussions, please sign your comments using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question here (click  [ edit] ) and place  before your question. Again, welcome! — billinghurst  sDrewth  14:38, 9 September 2012 (UTC)

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text:
Page:Face to Face With the Mexicans.djvu/94

 and talked to as if they had been animate things, calling them, "camas bonitas, coloradas y amarillas!" ("pretty beds, red and yellow!")

I turned the bright blankets over, that they might see the springs, and the sight utterly overcame them. Their astonishment at the revelation of such mysterious and luxurious appendages made them regard me with mingled awe, astonishment, and suspicion. The mother struck the springs with her fists, and as the sound rang out and vibrated, the children retreated hastily, shaking with alarm.

Wishing to conform to the customs, and remembering Juana's hint, I unlocked my "Saratoga." The chiquitas stood aside, fearing, I suppose, that from the trunk some frightful apparition might spring forth. When the lid went back they exclaimed: "Valgame Dios!" ("Help me, God"), and crossed themselves hastily, as if to be prepared for the worst. I invited them to come near, at the same time opening a compartment filled with bright flowers and ribbons.

This was a magnet they could not resist, and overcoming their fears, they came and stood close to the trunk, now and then touching the pretty things I exhibited to their wondering eyes. I gave each of them a gay ribbon, and while they were talking delightedly and caressing the pretty trifles, by some mischance the fastening of the upper tray lost its hold. Down it came with a crash—being still heavily packed—and away went the children, screaming and crying, one taking one direction, the other another.

We went in pursuit of them, and when found, one was crouching down in the court-yard under a rose-bush, while the other stood in terror behind the heavy parlor door. Both were shaking, their teeth chattering, while they muttered something about "el diablo! el diablo!"

By this time I understood the line which people of this class in Mexico unflinchingly draw between their own humble station and mine, yet I felt moved to treat the frightened children with the same hospitality which in my own land would have proved soothing under similar circumstances. Acting upon this inspiration, I went quickly and brought a basin of water to wash their tear-stained faces.


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Page:Face to Face With the Mexicans.djvu/95

 To my utter surprise, they exclaimed in the same breath: "No lo permito!" ("We cannot permit it!") "No es costumbre."

The mother approached me with an expression of deep concern and seriousness in her eyes, and with her forefinger raised in gentle admonition. Looking me earnestly in the face, she began moving her finger slowly from side to side directly before my eyes, saying: "Oiga, Señorita, sepa V. que en esta tierra, cuando nosotros los Mexicanos "(referring of course to her own class)" tenemos el catarro" (emphasizing the last word on G sharp), "nunca nos lavamos las caras" ("Listen to me, my good lady, in this country, when we have the catarrh (meaning a bad cold), we never put water on our faces").

"Why not?" I asked.

"Porque no estamos acostumbradas, y por el clima, sale mas mala la enfermedad" ("Because we are not accustomed to it, and on account of the climate, the sickness is made worse ").

Thus ended the dialogue. But the children did not hold me responsible for their fright, and bade me a kindly adios, promising to return again, a promise fulfilled every week, but on no account would they ever venture near that trunk again.

Pancho was determined to give to us and our belongings, as far as possible, the exterior appearance of the "costumbres." On entering my room after a little absence, one day, I found him straining every nerve and panting for breath. He had made a low bench, and was trying to place my Saratoga on it, but his strength was not equal to the task. The explanation came voluntarily that, on account of the


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1896. (9.) In order to carry out in Scotland the provisions contained in sub-section (1)(c) of section five of this Act, it shall be the duty of the assessor of railways and canals, as regards any parish to which the said sub-section (1) (c) applies, to enter on his valuation roll either the annual value of the light railway within such parish ascertained in terms of the Valuation of Lands (Scotland) Acts, or the annual value at which the land occupied by or for the purposes of the light railway would have been assessed if it had remained in the condition in which it was immediately before it was acquired for the purposes of the railway, whichever is less;

(10.) Where a light railway constructed under the powers of this Act is owned or leased by an existing railway company, such light railway shall not be valued by the said assessor as part of the general undertaking of the railway company, but shall be valued as a separate undertaking.

27. This Act shall not extend to Ireland.

28. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—

The expression "light railway company" includes any person or body of persons, whether incorporated or not, who are authorised to construct, or are owners or lessees of, any light railway authorised by this Act, or who are working the same under any working agreement:

The expression "Clauses Acts" means the Lands Clauses Acts, the Railways Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, and the Railways Clauses Act, 1863, and the Companies Clauses Acts, 1846 to.1889:

The expression "share capital" includes any capital, whether consisting of shares or of stock, which is not raised by means of borrowing.

29. This Act may be cited as the Light Railways Act, 1896.

SCHEDULES. FIRST SCHEDULE.

1. The resolution approving of the intention to make the application must be passed at a meeting of the council.

2. The resolution shall not be passed unless a month's previous notice of the resolution has been given in manner in which notices of meetings of the council are usually given.

3. The resolution shall not be passed unless two-thirds of the members of the council present and voting concur in the resolution.


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90 animalitos, it was customary for families to keep trunks on benches or tables. I soon found the animalitos had reference to the various bugs and scorpions which infest the houses, and all trunks were really kept as Pancho said.

As time passed, Pancho constituted himself our instructor and guide in every matter possible, including both diet and health. He warned us against the evil effects of walking out in the sun after ten o'clock in the morning, and especially enjoined upon us not to drink water or wash our faces on returning, as catarrh and headache would be sure to follow. Supposing this only the superstition of an ignorant servant, I took a special delight in taking just such walks, and violating these rules, but every time I paid the forfeit in a cold and headache, according to prediction. I was now satisfied that Pancho was not only wise as a serpent and harmless as a dove, blest with a keen eye of discrimination, but also a first-class health officer, and in the movement of his forefinger lay tomes of reason and good sense. But I had soon to discover that he would have no infringement of his privileges; and, come what would, he was determined to have his pilon in the market.

The servants who came and went often warned me that under no consideration must I go to market, but this was one of my home customs, and I could see no reason for its discontinuance. The system of giving the pilon (fee) to the servants, by merchants and market-people, as I already knew, would be a stumbling-block in my way. I had discussed in Pancho's presence my determination to go regularly, when I fancied I saw a strange light come into his eyes, which soon explained itself. He came humbly before me, in a short time, hat in hand, his face bearing the sorrowful, woe-begone look of one in the depths of an overwhelming calamity, saying, that a cart had run over his grandmother, and he would have to leave. He had been so kind and considerate in every way—never tiring of any task he had to perform—and so faithful, that I would prove my sympathy and good will to him by an extra sum—outside his wages—which might be a blessing, and aid in restoring his aged grandmother. He


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426 SECOND SCHEDULE.

THIRD SCHEDULE.

 * (a.) Any council taking part in the appoiutment of a joint committee may delegate to the committee any power which the council may exercise for the purpose for which the committee is appointed.
 * (b.) A council shall not be authorised to delegate to a joint committee any power of making a rate or borrowing money.
 * (c.) Subject to the terms of the delegation the joint committee shall have the same power in all respects with respect to any matter delegated to them, as the councils appointing it or any of them.
 * (d.) The members of the joint committee may be appointed at such times and in such manner, and shall hold office for such period, as may be fixed by the councils appointing them:

Provided that a member shall not hold office beyond the expiration of fourteen days after the day for the ordinary election of councillors of the council by which he was appointed or in Scotland after the day for the


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1896. ordinary election of councillors of the council of the county in which the district is situated.
 * (e.) The costs of a joint committee shall be defrayed by the councils by whom the committee is appointed, in such proportions as they may agree upon, and in the event of their differing in opinion, as may be determined by the Board of Trade on an application by either council.
 * (f.) When any of the councils joining in the appointment of a joint committee is a county or district council other than a borough council, the accounts of the joint committee shall be audited in like. manner and with the like power to the officer auditing the accounts, and with the like incidents and consequences as the accounts of a county council.
 * (g.) The chairman at any meeting of the committee shall have a second or casting vote.
 * (h.) The quorum, proceed logs, and place of meeting of a committee, whether within or without the area within which the committee to exercise their authority, shall be such as may be determined by regulations jointly made by the councils appointing the committee, and in the event of their differing in opinion as may be determined by the Board of Trade on an application by either council.
 * (i.) Subject to those regulations the quorum, proceedings, and place of meeting, whether within or without the area within which the committee are to exercise their jurisdiction, shall be such as the committee direct.

An Act to amend the Law relating to Law Agents and Notaries Public practising in Scotland.[14th August 1896.]

E it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. The following words and expressions, when used in this Act, shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them respectively; (that is to say,)

"The court" means the court of session:

"Law agent" means any person entitled to practise as an agent in the courts of law in Scotland:

"Enrolled law agent" means any law agent enrolled pursuant to the provisions of the Law Agents (Scotland) Act, 1873, and any Act or Acts explaining or amending the same:

"Notary public" means any notary public duly admitted in Scotland.

2. Except during the first twelve months after the passing of this Act, no person shall be admitted as a notary public in Scotland admission until he shall have been admitted and enrolled as a law agent.

3. After the passing of this Act any notary public may at any Admission time present a petition to the court praying to be admitted as of notaries a law agent under the Law Agents (Scotland) Act, 1873, and any Act or Acts explaining or amending the same, and on the presentation of such petition the court shall dispense with the rules


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428 as to examinations, indenture, and service, required by the said Acts, and remit the petitioner for examination in forms of process to the examiners appointed in virtue of said Acts, and on his producing a certificate by said examiners that he has passed the said examination and without making the affidavit of apprenticeship prescribed by the said Act, the court may admit such notary public as a law agent, and authorise his name to be enrolled as a law agent under the said Act, and any Act or Acts explaining or amending the same. The court may in its discretion dispense with the examination in the case of any notary public who has regularly taken out the licence certificate required by law, and has been in practice as a notary public for not less than seven years immediately preceding the date of the passing of this Act.

4. From and after the passing of this Act notaries public, although they are not enrolled law agents, may be admitted as members of the Incorporated Society of Law Agents in Scotland,

5. Upon the occurrence of a vacancy in the office of clerk to the admission of notaries public in Scotland all liability of the Treasury in respect of the salary and expenses of the said office shall cease, but the clerk shall be remunerated by fees which the court of session shall fix by Act of Sederunt.

6. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Law Agents (Scotland) Act, 1873, it shall be competent for the court of session, and they are hereby authorised and reqtiired by Act of Sederunt, to fix from time to time such fees as they may think reasonable to be payable to the registrar of law agents in Scotland for and in respect of his statutory duties as such registrar.

7. This Act may be cited as the Law Agents (Scotland) Act Amendment Act, 1896.

E it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. This Act may be cited as the Poor Law Officers' Superannuation Act, 1896, and shall come into operation from and immediately after the twenty-ninth day of September one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six.

Superannuation. 2. Subject to the provisions of this Act, every officer and servant in service or employment of the guardians of a union or parish


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 walked off, as if distressed beyond measure, at the same time assuring me that he would send his comadrita (little godmother of his children) and her husband, who would serve me well.

They came, but it was unfortunate for Pancho. The woman was an inveterate talker, and soon informed me that she was not the comadrita of his children; nor had a cart run over his grandmother; in fact, he had none, as she had died before Pancho was born. This was a new phase of the subject, but I was not long in solving the enigma. He had been goaded long enough by my American methods; he had become the butt of ridicule from his friends, and now he would assert himself.

However well he was treated in our house, to be called upon to surrender the most precious boon of all his costumbres''"—the market fees—never! But to wound my feelings in leaving was far from his wishes, so he shrewdly planned and carried out the tragic story of the mishap to his grandmother.

The comadrita introduced herself with chastened dignity as Jesusita Lopez; but with head loftily erect, and an air of much consequence, informed me that the name of her marido—(husband)—was Don Juan Bautista (John the Baptist), servidores de V. —("your obedient servants").

She smiled at every word, a way she had of assuring me of her delight in being allowed to serve me, but at the same time, glanced ominously at the cooking-stove. The smile lengthened into a broad grin when Don Juan Bautista came in sight; in her eyes he was "kingdoms, principalities, and powers." Together they examined the stove—talking in undertone—stooping low and scrutinizing every compartment. At last Don Juan Bautista arose, and turning to me said, "Jesusita cannot cook on this máquina Americana" (American machine).

"Why?" I asked. He straightened himself up to the highest point, half on tip toe, at the same time nodding his head, and pointing his forefinger at Jesusita, emphatically replied:

"Because it will give her disease of the liver—como siempre—as always, with the servants here."


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 apart from other considerations, calls in its pages for the tribute of an adequate memoir. On 25 May 1900, on the eve of the publication of the sixty-third and last volume of the substantive work, the late King, then Prince of Wales, honoured with his presence a private dinnerparty given to congratulate the late Mr. George M. Smith, the public spirited projector, proprietor, and publisher of the undertaking, on its completion. He then spoke with his customary grace and charm of his interest in the Dictionary, and he afterwards expressed in a letter to the Editor the satisfaction which the meeting gave him. On 25 October 1901, the day of the publication of the last volume of the First Supplement, the King furthermore sent a letter of congratulation 'on the final completion of this great work.' Finality is no attribute of a record of national biography, but in the late King's lifetime the Dictionary came to a close with its First Supplement. It will now stand completed with its Second Supplement.

In February 1902 his late Majesty was pleased to accept from Mrs. George M. Smith a complete set of the volumes, which he placed in his private library at Sandringham. In acknowledging the gift the King's secretary wrote that His Majesty, who regarded the work as 'one of the highest interest and utility,' would ' always value Mrs. Smith's kind present as a memento' of the late George Smith, 'who did so much for literature, and whose acquaintance it was a satisfaction to His Majesty to remember to have made.'

The number of names in the present Supplement reaches a total of 1660, of which 500 appear in this volume and the remainder fill two succeeding volumes. The contributors to this volume number 166.

The principles of selection and treatment are those with which students of the Dictionary are already familiar. Special care has been taken to make the genealogical data uniform and precise, and to give full particulars of memorial foundations, and of portraits whether painted or in sculpture.


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 On going to the kitchen a little later, I was surprised to see the gentle Jesusita seated in the middle of the floor, by a charcoal fire, with all my pottery vessels in a heap beside her. Meats, vegetables, and water were all at hand, and she was busily engaged in preparations for dinner. I told her to come and see how well she could cook on that American machine, but she only answered, "No es costumbre;" besides, "Don Juan Bautista said it would give her the enfermedad, or sickness, before mentioned—and no man knew more than he"—which meant I should use my own machine.

I called upon Don Juan Bautista to go with me to market, when he at once entered into a lengthy discourse about ladies going to such places; that the jente decente  (people of pedigree) never did such things; that "the people in the streets and markets would talk much and say many things." But of this I had already had a foretaste.

I was about to lead the way through the big door, when Jesusita came forward and laid her soft hand upon me, saying: "Señora, do not go; Juan knows better than you about such business. In this country ladies like you send the mozo." But I was proof against her persuasive eloquence. To surrender my entire nationality and individuality was not possible for a good American.

The pair talked aside in low undertone, which I watched with feigned indifference and half-closed eyes. Jesusita glanced commiseratively at me, as if she had used her best efforts to no purpose;


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1896. who shall become incapable of discharging the duties of his office with efficiency, by reason of permanent infirmity of mind or body, or of old age, or who shall have attained the age of sixty years and have completed an aggregate service of forty years, or who shall have attained the full age of sixty-five years, shall be entitled on resigning or otherwise ceasing to hold his office or employment, to receive during life out of the common fund of the union, a superannuation allowance according to the scale laid down in this Act.

An officer or servant shall not be entitled to an allowance on the ground of old age unless he has completed the full age of sixty years.

Where an officer or servant has attained the age of sixty-five years and the guardians are of opinion that it would be expedient in the interests of the public service that he should cease to hold his office or employment, it shall be competent for them to require him to retire upon payment to him of the superannuation allowance to which he may be entitled under this Act.

3 . The scale for superannuation allowances under this Act shall be as follows, that is to say:—

An officer or servant who has served for ten years but less than eleven years shall be entitled to an annual allowance equal to ten-sixtieths of the average amount of his salary or wages and emoluments during the five years ending on the quarter day which immediately precedes the day on which he ceases to hold his office or employment.

With an addition of one-sixtieth of such average amount for every additional completed year of service until the completion of a period of service of forty years, when a maximum allowance of forty-sixtieths shall be granted.

4. All service by an officer or servant under any authority or authorities to whom this Act applies shall be aggregated and reckoned for the purposes of this Act, whether the service has been continuous or not, and whether his whole time has been devoted to the service or not.

5. The guardians in computing the amount of superannuation allowance to any officer or servant may, in consideration of peculiar professional qualifications, or of special circumctances, caes and with the consent of the Local Government Board, add a number of years not exceeding ten to the number of years which the officer or servant has actually served in the aggregate.

6. Where a person in receipt of a superannuation allowance under this Act is appointed to any office or employment by any authority to whom this Act applies, such allowance shall cease to be paid so long as he continues to hold such office or employment, if the salary or wages and emolument's thereof are equal to, or in excess of the amount of such allowance; if they are not, then only so much of such allowance shall be paid so long as he holds such office or employment as will make up the deficiency.


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34 3. All vowels (svara) belong to Indra, all sibilants (ûshman) to Pragâpati, all consonants (sparsa) to Mrityu (death). If somebody should reprove him for his vowels, let him say, 'I went to Indra as my refuge (when pronouncing my vowels): he will answer thee.'

4. And if somebody should reprove him for his sibilants, let him say, 'I went to Pragâpati as my refuge: he will smash thee.' And if somebody should reprove him for his consonants, let him say, 'I went to Mrityu as my refuge: he will reduce thee to ashes.'

5. All vowels are to be pronounced with voice (ghosha) and strength (bala), so that the Udgâtri may give strength to Indra. All sibilants are to be pronounced, neither as if swallowed (agrasta), nor as if thrown out (nirasta) , but well opened (vivrita), so that the Udgâtri may give himself to Pragâpati. All consonants are to be pronounced slowly, and without crowding them together, so that the Udgâtri may withdraw himself from Mrityu.


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 The sources of biographical knowledge in the case of these whose careers have very recently closed differ from the sources in the case of those who belonged to more or less remote generations. In the interests of accuracy and completeness it has been necessary here to test and supplement previous notices—often inaccurate and incomplete—in the press or elsewhere, by application to living representatives and associates. The thanks of the Editor and contributors are due to the many hundred persons who have corrected current errors from private knowledge or have supplied information which has not hitherto been published. The readiness with which such co-operation has been given calls for very warm acknowledgment. The service has invariably been rendered without any conditions which might tend to impair the essential independence of the Dictionary. Officials of public institutions of every kind have also been most generous in their assistance, and have offered welcome proof of their anxiety to make the Dictionary authentic at all points.

In agreement with the principle of the Dictionary the memoirs embrace comprehensively all branches of the nation's and the empire's activity. In any endeavour to classify the vocations of the persons commemorated, allowance must be made for the circumstance that in a certain proportion of cases the same person has gained distinction in more fields than one. If the chief single claim to notice be alone admitted in each instance, the callings of those whose careers are described in this volume may be broadly catalogued under ten general headings thus:

The names of twenty-five women appear in this volume, on account of services rendered in art, literature, science, and social or educational reform.


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 of convicts, the authority of the surgeon should be more defined, and that to him should also be given the property in their services and the safe custody of their persons."

Bigge thought that such a course would have been a dangerous one, for the master who was responsible for the safe navigation of his ship should have power to interpose whenever he considered it endangered by any concessions or laxity of discipline amongst the prisoners. He thought the only remedy lay in the fearless exercise by the surgeon of the right to enter in his journal any refusal of the master to do what the surgeon considered necessary for the health and fair treatment of the convicts. If the master and surgeon agreed in treating them badly there was no remedy.

From 1810 to 1820 the average length of the voyage was four months. No description can include all the variety of good and evil conditions which existed on different ships. The character of master and officers affected the convicts no less than that of the surgeon-superintendent. But in general outline life on one transport differed little from that on another. The convicts slept in long prisons below deck, in bunks and hammocks. In these prisons they worked and ate their food and spent the greater part of the day. They were allowed on deck in small parties, well guarded and for but a few hours at a time. When they first came on board they wore double irons, but these were usually struck off as soon as the voyage commenced. They were occasionally replaced as punishment for insubordination or disobedience, and corporal punishment was often inflicted. The surgeon was bound, however, to make an entry in his journal of all punishments. The hospital which was fitted up on each transport was a favourite resort, for there discipline was relaxed and more liberal rations given. But the surgeon had stringent instructions only to admit those who were suffering from severe or contagious diseases.

The voyage must have been intolerably tedious. The men


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Knapp, Samuel Lorenzo

KNAPP, Samuel Lorenzo, American lawyer and author: b. Newburyport, Mass., 19 June 1774; d. Hopkinton, Mass., 8 July 1838. He was educated at Phillips Academy and graduated at Dartmouth College (1804). He studied law under Chief Justice Theophilus Parsons, at Newburyport and quickly achieved a reputation as an eminent counsellor and as active member in the State legislature. In the War of 1812 he commanded a regiment of State militia on the coast; became editor of the Boston Monthly Magazine and established (1826) the National Republican, but went to New York after two years to practise his profession. He was given the degree of LL.D. from the Paris College. He wrote ‘The Bachelor and other Tales’ (1836); ‘American Biography’ (1833); ‘Travels in North America, by Ali Bey’ (1818); ‘Life of Aaron Burr’ (1835); ‘Life of Andrew Jackson’ (1835); ‘Memoirs of General Lafayette’ (1824).


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Rh

1. There are three branches of the law. Sacrifice, study, and charity are the first ,

2. Austerity the second, and to dwell as a Brahmakârin in the house of a tutor, always mortifying the body in the house of a tutor, is the third. All these obtain the worlds of the blessed; but the Brahmasamstha alone (he who is firmly grounded in Brahman) obtains immortality.

3. Pragâpati brooded on the worlds. From them, thus brooded on, the threefold knowledge (sacrifice) issued forth. He brooded on it, and from it, thus brooded on, issued the three syllables, Bhûh, Bhuvah, Svah.

4. He brooded on them, and from them, thus brooded on, issued the Om. As all leaves are attached to a stalk, so is all speech (all words) attached to the Om (Brahman). Om is all this,.

1. The teachers of Brahman (Veda) declare, as the Prâtah-savana (morning-oblation) belongs to the Vasus, the Mâdhyandina-savana (noon-libation) to


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Author:James Davidson Davis

Works

 * Bibliography of New Zealand (Lyon & Blair, Wellington, N.Z.)
 * Social Life in England in the Sixteenth Century (brochure)

title: Author:James Davidson Davis


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Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Blimbing

BLIMBING, the Indian name of the fruit of averrhoa bilimbi, a small tree, family oxalidaceæ, called also cucumber tree, the fruit being acid and resembling a small cucumber. The carambola belongs to the same genus.


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Author talk:James Davidson Davis

Death
1886/176	Davis	James Davidson	30Y
 * https://bdmhistoricalrecords.dia.govt.nz/search/

Birth
Name: 	James Davidson Davis Date of Registration: 	Sep Quarter 1856 Registration district: 	Hastings Volume: 	2b Page: 	27

title: Author talk:James Davidson Davis


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Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Blind, Karl

BLIND, KARL (blint), a German author and revolutionist, born at Mannheim, Sept. 4, 1826; studied law at Heidelberg. For his share in the risings in south Germany in 1848 he was sentenced to eight years' imprisonment, but while being taken to Mainz was liberated by the populace. After the reaction had again triumphed over the Continent, Blind found an asylum first in Belgium, and afterward in England, where he took an active part in Democratic propaganda. An enthusiastic advocate of German freedom and unity, he promoted the Schleswig-Holstein movement. As an author he has written on politics, history, and mythology, including lives of Ledru-Rollin, Deák, Freiligrath. He died May 31, 1907.