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Harvey and violently (, Autobiography of a Seaman, i. 357–9), that Gambier was obliged to bring him to a court-martial held at Portsmouth on 22–3 May. By this Harvey was dismissed the service; and though in the following year, 21 March 1810, he was reinstated in his rank and seniority by order in council, ‘in consideration of his long and meritorious services,’ he was never employed again. On 31 Jan. 1810 he was advanced to be vice-admiral of the blue. In January 1815 he was nominated a K.C.B.; became admiral on 12 Aug. 1819; in 1820 and again in 1826 was re-elected M.P. for Essex; and in February 1825 received the grand cross of the Bath. He died on 20 Feb. 1830, leaving issue six daughters. Of his two sons, the elder, a captain in the army, was killed at the siege of Burgos in 1812; the younger died in 1823.

 HARVEY, GABRIEL (1550?–1631), poet, was born at Saffron Walden, the eldest son of six children. His father, John Harvey, was a master ropemaker by trade, and various circumstances indicate that he was a prosperous man. He was able to send three sons to Cambridge [see (d. 1592), and ], and Gabriel himself speaks of him as one that ‘bore the chiefest office in Walden with good credite’ (Works, ed. Grosart, i. 160), and also as one ‘whose honesty no neighbour can empeach’ (ib. 250).

Gabriel, born about 1550, entered Christ's College; he matriculated 28 June 1566 (B.A. in 1569–70), and 3 Nov. 1570 was elected a fellow of Pembroke Hall. At Pembroke he formed the acquaintance of Spenser, the poet, who was admitted as a sizar the year before Harvey obtained his fellowship, and their acquaintance ripened into an intimacy which was terminated only by Spenser's death. Harvey, by virtue of his seniority, superior position, and real scholarship, exercised over his friend's youthful genius an influence from which the latter with difficulty shook himself free. Strongly attached to classical models, the pedantic college-fellow associated himself with a literary movement which aimed at imposing on the native poetic literature a servile imitation of the Latin. Harvey himself seems to have claimed to be the father of the English hexameter, and Spenser for a time was induced altogether to abandon rhyme. The latter tried hard to admire his friend's verse, and has immortalised him in his ‘Shepheards Calendar’ under the name of Hobbinol.

For college life, involving as it did frequent and close intercourse with men of diverse views and temper, Harvey was by nature ill adapted. He was a man of arrogant and censorious spirit, far too conscious of his own considerable abilities, while but little disposed to recognise the merits and claims of others. Thomas Neville, afterwards the eminent master of Trinity College, who held a fellowship at Pembroke at the same time as Harvey, declared of him that he ‘could hardly find it in his heart to commend of any man.’ With the majority of the fellows he would appear to have been continually at war, and the ill-feeling ran so high that when the time came for him to proceed M.A. they agreed to refuse him the necessary ‘grace’ from the college. It was not until after a delay of three months that he eventually in 1573 obtained his degree, and although he was shortly after appointed college tutor his relations with the society seem to have become permanently embittered.

For a short time Harvey read rhetoric in the public schools of the university (Letter Book, p. 164), and he was at one time a candidate for the readership in that branch of study. It was probably with the view of further recommending himself for the appointment that he composed his ‘Rhetor’ and ‘Ciceronianus,’ both published in 1577. He also besought Sir Thomas Smith (d. 12 Aug. 1577), to whom he appears to have been related (Works, i. 184), to use his exertions in his behalf. He seeks the office, he affirms, not in order that he may teach rhetoric, but that he may study it himself (Letter Book, p. 179). On the other hand we learn from his preface to the ‘Rhetor’ that his addresses, delivered in earlier years, were attended by overflowing audiences. In August 1578, when his fellowship at Pembroke was on the point of lapsing, the Earl of Leicester addressed an ‘earnest request’ to the master and fellows that his friend might be allowed to continue in it one year longer. The earl's intervention appears not to have been successful, and Harvey was compelled to look about elsewhere. He would seem at this time to have been hesitating as to his choice of a profession, and he first of all sought election to a fellowship at Christ's, with a view to the ministry. Disappointed in this quarter he turned to Trinity Hall. Here he claimed relationship with the master, Henry Harvey [q. v.], who probably advocated his claims, and Harvey, having declared his readiness to embrace the profession of a civilian, was elected a fellow of that society (18 Dec. 1578). Although


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H now pledged to the study of the law, he found time for the occasional exercise of his poetical talent, and in 1579 we find him accusing his friend Spenser of publishing some of his attempts at English verse (which he designates his ‘Verlayes’) quite contrary to his own wishes. His enemy, Thomas Nashe [q. v.], declares that Harvey sent them to press himself: ‘I durst on my credit,’ he says, ‘undertake Spenser was no way privie to the committing of them to print.’ However this may have been, it is certain that their publication involved Harvey in serious trouble. Both Sir James Croft and the Earl of Oxford were much displeased at satirical allusions, which seemed to glance at persons high in office at court, and, worst of all, Harvey was supposed by the latter to have aimed at him in his ludicrous description of the ‘Italianated Englishman’ embodied in the ‘Mirror of Tuscanismo’ (Works, ed. Grosart, i. 84). Harvey volunteered an explanation, which was apparently accepted (ib. p. 183), and his friends, Mr. Secretary Wilson and Sir Walter Mildmay, succeeded in averting any serious consequences. It was not until some time afterwards that his enemy, Nashe, asserted that Harvey had actually been sent to the Fleet for writing the verses. Harvey admits that he was mildly remonstrated with by his friend, Dr. Perne; but this, he asserts, was ‘all the Fleeting I ever got.’ That his satire was in any way aimed at the Earl of Oxford he indignantly denies, averring that he had always been conscious of his ‘many bounden duties’ to one who had been his patron ever since ‘in the prime of his gallantest youth he bestowed angels upon me in Christes Colledge in Cambridge.’

His attainments and great ability seem by this time to have been generally recognised. In 1578, on the occasion of Queen Elizabeth's visit to the Duke of Norfolk at Audley End, he composed his ‘Gratulationes Waldenses’ in her honour, and presented them to her majesty in person. At the Cambridge commencement of 1579 he was appointed one of the disputants in philosophy. Subsequently, early in 1581, he was a candidate for the office of public orator, but was defeated by Wingfield of Trinity (March 1580–1). Of the event he says: ‘Mine owne modest petition, my friendes diligent labour, our high chauncellors [i.e. Burghley's] most honourable and extraordinary commendation, were all peltingly defeated by a slye practise of the olde Foxe’ (Foure Letters, ed. Grosart, p. 179).

From May to October 1583 (not in 1582 as Brydges says) he filled the office of junior proctor, having been appointed in order to supply the vacancy created by the retirement of Leonard Chambers, who took his B.D. degree in May. There is no grace for the appointment, as Trinity Hall was allowed a first claim on the occurrence of such vacancies, in compensation for its inferior position in relation to the proctorial cycle. On the death of his relative, the master of Trinity Hall, in 1585, Harvey was elected to succeed him, and it was as master of the society that on 2 July 1585 he sought to be incorporated D.C.L. of Oxford, and was licensed to that degree on the 13th of the same month (Oxf. Univ. Reg., Oxf. Hist. Soc., i. 349). According to his own account, his election to the mastership was set aside by royal mandate, although Preston, who was appointed in his place, ‘could,’ he affirms, ‘no way have requested or purchased one voice’ (Works, ed. Grosart, iii. xxvi). In 1598, on Preston's death, he was again a candidate (although no longer a fellow), and in a letter to Sir Robert Cecil entreated his mediation in order that the royal influence might now be exerted in his behalf, but his application was not successful.

An overweening estimate of his own attainments and abilities, conjoined with disappointed ambition, seems to have rendered Harvey singularly sensitive and quarrelsome; and to his contemporaries he was best known by the scurrilous paper warfare in which he became involved with the writers Nashe and Greene. Greene had been exasperated by contemptuous references made to himself and his friends in the writings of Gabriel's brother Richard [see ], and he retaliated in his ‘Quippe for an upstart Courtier,’ by calling attention to the Harveys' humble parentage, and by offensive references to their father's trade as a ropemaker. The most galling of these allusions is lost to us, for it was expunged in all the extant editions of Greene's pasquinade (see Works, ed. Grosart, xi. 206). Harvey was incensed beyond measure, and in his ‘Foure Letters’ (1592) assailed Greene, whose character was sufficiently open to attack, with unsparing acrimony and vituperation. Harvey appended some English verses, including Spenser's noble sonnet addressed to himself. Even after Greene's early and pitiable end in September 1592, he did not desist from endeavouring to blacken his memory, and then it was that Nashe entered the lists against Harvey in defence of his late friend, displaying a power of sarcasm and invective, in the presence of which the haughty scholar found himself completely overmatched. In his ‘Strange News’ (1593) he addresses Harvey as ‘a filthy vain foole;’ proclaims ‘open warres’ upon both him and his brother Richard; ridicules his claim to be

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H the first inventor of the English hexameter; and declares that he saw his name ‘cut with a knife in a wall of the Fleet’ when he went to visit a friend there. Harvey replied in his ‘Pierce's Supererogation,’ taking Nashe's criticisms on the ‘Foure Letters’ seriatim, and vindicating himself from the latter's charges. Nashe, who at this stage appears to have been becoming heartily ashamed and weary of the controversy, now sought to bring it to an end by making a formal and graceful apology in an epistle prefixed to his ‘Christes Teares over Jerusalem’ (1593), and frankly admitting Harvey's ‘aboundant schollarship, courteous well gouerned behauiour, and ripe experienst judgement.’ Even this, however, failed to appease his antagonist, and Harvey returned to the attack in his ‘New Letter of Notable Contents.’ To this Nashe rejoined in a new epistle prefixed to a new edition of ‘Christes Teares,’ in which he withdrew his former apology, and retorted on Harvey in the severest terms. In 1596, hearing that Harvey was boasting of having silenced him, he published his famous satire, ‘Have with you to Saffron Walden,’ which he dedicated by way of farce to ‘Richard Lichfield, barber of Trinity College, Cambridge;’ and to this Harvey once more rejoined in his ‘Trimming of Thomas Nashe’ (1597). The scandal had, however, now reached a climax, and in 1599 it was ordered by authority ‘that all Nashes bookes and Dr. Harvey's bookes be taken wheresoever they may be found, and that none of the same bookes be ever printed hereafter’ (, Athenæ Cant. ii. 306).

During the latter years of his life Harvey appears to have lived in retirement in his native town. The parish register gives the date of his death as 11 Feb. 1630–1. Baker says: ‘I have seen an elegy on him, composed by W. Pearson, dated Ao 1630 [–1] … By that it should seem he practised physic, and was a pretender to astrology, and so was his brother, R. H.’ (see Baker MS. in Cambr. Univ. Library, xxxvi. 98–107).

The following is a list of Harvey's principal Latin writings: 1. ‘Rhetor, sive 2. Dierum Oratio de Natura, Arte et Exercitatione Rhetorica,’ 1577. 2. ‘Ciceronianus, sive Oratio post reditum habita Cantabrigiæ ad suos auditores,’ 1577. 3. ‘Smithus, vel Musarum Lachrymæ pro Obitu honoratiss. Viri … Thomæ Smith, Esq. aur., Majestatisque Regiæ Secretarii,’ 1578. 4. ‘Χαῖρη vel Gratulationum Valdensium Libri quatuour [sic],’ 1578. His English works, as edited by Dr. Grosart in three volumes, comprise the following: 1. ‘The Story of Mercy Harvey,’ 1574–5. 2. ‘Letters to and from Edmund Spenser,’ 1579–80. 3. ‘Foure Letters and certaine Sonnets,’ 1592. 4. ‘A Letter of Notable Contents,’ &c., 1593. 5. ‘Precursor of Pierce's Supererogation [1593], and Pierce's Supererogation, or a new Prayse of the Olde Asse,’ 1593. 6. ‘The Trimming of Thomas Nashe,’ 1597. His ‘Letter Book’ (Sloane MS. 93 in Brit. Mus.), comprising letters dated 1573–80, was edited by Mr. E. J. L. Scott for the Camden Society.

HARVEY, GEORGE (1806–1876), painter, was born at St. Ninians, Stirlingshire, in February 1806. Shortly after his birth his father, a watchmaker, settled in the town of Stirling, and here the boy was apprenticed to a bookseller. At the age of eighteen his devotion to art brought him to Edinburgh, where he studied for about two years in the Trustees' Academy. In 1826 he exhibited his first picture of a ‘Village School’ in the Edinburgh Institution, and in the same year he became one of the original associates of the Scottish Academy, to whose first exhibition in 1827 he contributed seven works. He now devoted himself to figure pictures, of which the subjects were derived from the history and the daily life of the Scottish nation. Among these may be named ‘Covenanters Preaching,’ 1829–1830; ‘Covenanters' Baptism,’ 1830–31; ‘The Curlers,’ 1834–5; ‘A Schule Skailin',’ 1846; and ‘Quitting the Manse,’ 1847–8; works, characterised by homely truth and excellent insight into Scottish character, which have become widely popular through engravings. His other important figure-pictures include ‘Shakespeare before Sir Thomas Lucy,’ 1836–7; ‘A Castaway,’ 1839; ‘First Reading of the Bible in the Crypt of St. Paul's,’ 1839–40; and ‘Dawn revealing the New World to Columbus,’ 1852. He produced a few portraits, such as those of Professor John Wilson, 1851, and the Rev. Dr. John Brown, 1856. Though most widely known by his figure-pictures, he ranks even higher as a landscape-painter. In this department of art his execution is singularly spontaneous and unlaboured, and in the expression of the very spirit of border landscape, of the quiet sublimity of great stretches of rounded grassy hills, he proves himself, in works like ‘The Enterkin,’ 1846, without a rival among Scottish painters. His land-


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4 there might be grounds for such a notion; but in the main points, I should hope, none whatever.

It is almost superfluous to mention that the appellation "Childe," as "Childe Waters," "Childe Childers," etc., is used as more consonant with the old structure of versification which I have adopted. The "Good Night" in the beginning of the first Canto, was suggested by Lord Maxwell's "Good Night" in the Border Minstrelsy, edited by Mr. Scott.

With the different poems which have been published on Spanish subjects, there maybe found some slight coincidence in the first part, which treats of the Peninsula, but it can only be casual; as, with the exception of a few concluding stanzas, the whole of the poem was written in the Levant.

The stanza of Spenser, according to one of our most


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H scapes were, for the most part, the work of his later life. Among the finest of them are ‘Ferragon,’ 1857; ‘We Twa hae paidled in the Burn,’ 1858; ‘Sheap-shearing,’ 1859; ‘Glen Dhu, Arran,’ 1861; and ‘Inverarnan, Loch Lomond,’ 1870. In 1829 Harvey became a full member of the Scottish Academy, to whose interests, in its early days of struggle, he devoted himself unweariedly. In 1864 he succeeded Sir John Watson Gordon [q. v.] as president, and received the honour of knighthood, and six years later he published his ‘Notes on the Early History of the Royal Scottish Academy’ (London, 1870, 8vo), giving curious particulars regarding its foundation and progress, a volume which attained a second edition in 1873. In 1867 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, to which he contributed, 21 Dec. 1868, a paper ‘On the Colour of Aërial Blue.’ He died at Edinburgh on 22 Jan. 1876. Three of his works are in the National Gallery of Scotland; his portrait by Robert Herdman, R.S.A., and his bust by John Hutchison, R.S.A., are in the possession of the Royal Scottish Academy.

HARVEY, GIDEON (1640?–1700?), physician, born in Holland probably between 1630 and 1640, was son of John and Elizabeth Harvey, as appears by his petition for denization in 1660 (Cal. State Papers, Dom. Series, 1660–1). According to his own account (in ‘Casus Medico-Chirurgicus’) he learned Greek and Latin in the Low Countries, and on 31 May 1655 matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford, then under the rule of the energetic Dr. Conant, where he studied philosophy. On 4 Jan. 1657 he was entered at Leyden, where he studied medicine, anatomy, and botany, attending also the hospital practice of Professor van Linden. At the same time, he says, he learned chemistry from a German, and received instruction from a surgeon and an apothecary in their respective arts. Apparently in the same year he passed to Paris, where he studied and attended the hospitals. He took his degrees of M.B. and M.D. while making ‘le petit tour,’ probably at a small French university. He was probably very young, but his subsequent boast that he took his final degree in his seventeenth year is an obvious exaggeration. After completing his studies in Paris he returned to Holland, and was made a fellow of the College of Physicians at the Hague. There seems to be no authority for Wood's statement that he was physician to Charles II when in exile. Harvey was in London during the interregnum, and on 6 July 1659 was appointed by the committee of safety, on the motion of Desborow, to go as physician to Dunkirk (ib. 1659–60, p. 9). Whether he actually went there is not clear, but after the Restoration he appears as physician, or doctor-general, to the king's army in Flanders. Wearying of this employment he resigned, travelled through Germany and Italy, and afterwards settled as a physician in London. He never belonged to the College of Physicians, but at first was on good terms with that body, and spoke of it in an anonymous pamphlet published in 1670 with great respect (see The Accomplisht Physician, &c.) About 1675 he was made physician to Charles II. In 1678 he was called, in consultation with other physicians, to attend a nobleman (Charles, lord Mohun, father of the more notorious duellist), who had received a wound in a duel, of which he ultimately died. Harvey, pleading that he was commanded by the king to write an account of the case, made it the occasion of virulent personal attacks, under feigned names, on the other physicians concerned (Casus Medico-Chirurgicus). He was already in bad odour with the profession for some rather discreditable publications on venereal diseases, and for a book of popular medicine (‘The Family Physician,’ &c.), which was displeasing to the apothecaries, because it revealed secrets of their trade. Five years later (1683) Harvey published a scurrilous attack on the College of Physicians, under the title of ‘The Conclave of Physicians.’ The scene is supposed to be laid in Paris, but eminent London physicians were abused under scarcely veiled disguises. Charles II, who had a strong leaning towards irregular doctors, seems to have in some way countenanced, and perhaps enjoyed, this attack on the institution of which he was the official patron; but from a contemporary pamphlet (‘Gideon's Fleece,’ a poem, 4to, 1684, attributed to Dr. Thomas Guidott [q. v.], p. 9) it appears that he was believed to have interfered in order to soften the asperity of an attack on the illustrious Willis. The pamphlet called forth an anonymous reply (‘A Dialogue between Philiater and Momus,’ 1686) besides the very poor poem ‘Gideon's Fleece.’ Harvey nevertheless prospered in practice, and, though he held no court appointment under James II, was made in the first year of William and Mary ‘their majesties' physician of the Tower,’ a lucrative sinecure, which he enjoyed till his death, probably about 1700–2, and in which he was


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H cessive change as it occurred. He was archdeacon of Middlesex from 9 April 1551 till 28 April 1554, when he was made precentor of St. Paul's by Bonner. He had previously received (12 March 1553–4) the sinecure rectory of Littlebury, Essex, from Bishop Goodrich of Ely. As vicar-general of the province of Canterbury he took part in the proceedings against the married clergy at the beginning of Queen Mary's reign, but was removed from his office by Cardinal Pole in 1555. He became a leading figure in the university of Cambridge, and in 1556 he was appointed one of the commissioners for the detection of heretical books and the suppression of heresy within the county and town. When the university was officially visited in 1556–7 by Cardinal Pole's delegates, Harvey took a very conspicuous part in the proceedings. On the opening of the visitation in King's College chapel on 11 Jan. 1556–7 he exhibited their letters of authority in the cardinal's name to the commissioners with a short Latin speech, and on the 15th he produced a new commission ‘de hæreticis puniendis.’ On the 23rd he was ordered to bring to the visitors the copy of the university statutes which he had been previously commissioned by the senate to revise, together with the composition for the election of proctors. He was one of the four doctors who carried the canopy over the sacrament in the great procession of 8 Feb. On 18 May he began to lecture on canon law in the presence of the visitors. His services were rewarded by the prebend of Oxton prima pars in Southwell minster on 7 Sept. 1558, and that of Torleton in Salisbury Cathedral, to which he was appointed by Queen Mary sede vacante, but he did not enter upon it till 23 Oct. 1559. From 26 May 1559 till the January following he held the stall of Curborough in Lichfield Cathedral.

The accession of Elizabeth found Harvey equally compliant. He became master of Trinity Hall on the deprivation of Dr. Mowse (, Cranmer, p. 575). In June 1559 he was one of the commissioners for visiting the cathedrals and dioceses of the northern province, then a stronghold of the old faith. He was deputed also to visit the cathedral of Ely, and was appointed vicar-general of that diocese. In 1560 he served as vice-chancellor of his university, on 25 June 1567 was appointed to a canonry at Ely, and in 1568 became a master in chancery. In 1570 he again took a leading part with Whitgift, Perne, and others in the reformation of the statutes of the university, in the opposite sense to the former review. In the same year, when the puritan dissensions in the university were at their height, he joined the heads of colleges in appealing to Cecil, as chancellor of the university, against the encouragement of ‘authors of strange opinions,’ and took part subsequently in the proceedings instituted against Cartwright, their leader (, Annals, ii. 378, Whitgift, iii. 18). For this he and his associates were denounced by Edward Dering [q. v.], in a letter to Cecil, as ‘either enemies of God's gospel or faint professors,’ Harvey especially being charged with having ‘scarce chosen one protestant to be fellow these twelve years’ (, Parker, ii. 175, iii. 221). When, in 1572, Whitgift, wearied out by the religious controversies at the university, was contemplating quitting Cambridge, Harvey was one of the heads who urged Cecil to use his influence to induce him to remain (, Whitgift, i. 51). In 1575 he was one of those appointed by the visitor, Bishop Cox, to frame new statutes and to settle religious disputes in St. John's College (, Annals, i. 558, Whitgift, i. 142). The previous year, on 27 Nov. 1574, he was named by the privy council a commissioner to examine into the points at issue between the town and the university. He died 20 Feb. 1584–5.

Harvey was a generous benefactor both to the College of Advocates in Doctors' Commons and to Trinity Hall, where he founded two scholarships. His will (proved 14 May 1585) contains interesting details of his benefactions. During his lifetime he was at the cost of constructing a causeway from Cambridge to the village of Quy, for the maintenance of which he left a bequest.

HARVEY, HENRY (1737–1810), admiral, second son of Richard Harvey of Eastry in Kent, representative of a family long settled in that neighbourhood, and connected by marriage with Sir Peircy Brett [q. v.], was born in July 1737, and having received his early education in l'École Royale de la Marine at Calais, entered the navy in May 1751 with Captain Cosby on board the Centaur. In her, and afterwards in the Nightingale, the greater part of his junior time was served on the North American station. In 1757 he was promoted to be lieutenant of the Hampshire, also on the North American and West Indian stations; and from her was moved to the Hussar, which was wrecked off Cape François 23 May 1762 [see ]. Being released on parole he returned to England in the Dragon, on board


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Rh "Foolish man, those were cabbages." "On the fourth flight, I saw fishes in a pan, which were hissing and baking themselves." When he had said that, the fishes came and served themselves up. "And when I got to the fifth flight, I peeped through the keyhole of a door, and there, godfather, I saw you, and you had long, long horns." "Oh, that is a lie!" The man became alarmed, and ran out, and if he had not, who knows what the godfather would have done to him.

was once a little girl who was obstinate and inquisitive, and when her parents told her to do anything, she did not obey them, so how could she fare well? One day she said to her parents, "I have heard so much of Frau Trude, I will go to her some day. People say that everything about her does look so strange, and that there are such odd things in her house, that I have become quite curious!" Her parents absolutely forbade her, and said, "Frau Trude is a bad woman, who does wicked things, and if thou goest to her, thou art no longer our child." But the maiden did not let herself be turned aside by her parent's prohibition, and still went to Frau Trude. And when she got to her, Frau Trude said, "Why art thou so pale?" "Ah," she replied, and her whole body trembled, "I have been so terrified at what I have seen." "What hast thou seen?" "I saw a black man on your steps." "That was a collier." "Then I saw a green man." "That was a huntsman." "After that I saw a blood-red man." "That was a butcher." "Ah, Frau Trude, I was terrified; I looked through the window and saw not you, but, as I verily believe, the devil himself with a head of fire." "Oho!" said she, "then thou hast seen the witch in her proper costume. I have been waiting for thee, and wanting thee a long time already; thou shalt give me some light." Then she changed the girl into a block of wood, and threw it into the fire. And when it was in full blaze she sat down close to it, and warmed herself by it, and said, "That shines bright for once in a way."


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H was promoted to be lieutenant on 3 Nov. 1790; on 5 Sept. 1794 to command the Actif sloop in the West Indies; and on 16 Dec. of the same year to be post-captain, as a tribute to the memory of his father. In January 1795 he was chosen by his uncle as his flag-captain in the Prince of Wales, in which capacity he was present in the action off Lorient, in the operations on the coast of Bretagne in the following winter, and in the West Indies, including the reduction of Trinidad, when he was sent home with despatches. He afterwards commanded the Southampton and the Amphitrite in the West Indies and off Cadiz; the Agamemnon in Sir Robert Calder's action off Cape Finisterre; the Canada in the West Indies; and the Leviathan and Royal Sovereign in the Mediterranean. He became a rear-admiral on 4 Dec. 1813; from 1816 to 1819 was commander-in-chief in the West Indies; vice-admiral 27 May 1825; K.C.B. 6 June 1833, and admiral 10 Jan. 1837. He died at Deal on 17 Feb. 1837. He married in 1797 his first cousin, daughter of William Wyborn Bradley of Sandwich, and had issue one daughter.

 HARVEY, MARGARET (1768–1858), poetess, daughter of John Harvey, surgeon, of Sunderland, was born in 1768. The early years of her life were passed at Newcastle-on-Tyne, where she published by subscription ‘The Lay of the Minstrel's Daughter; a poem in six cantos,’ 1814, 8vo. Her ‘Monody on the Princess Charlotte’ was published in 1818. About this time she removed to Bishop Wearmouth, Durham, where she assisted in keeping a ladies' school, and published ‘Raymond de Percy, or the Tenant of the Tomb, a romantic melodrama’ (Bishop Wearmouth, 1822). In the preface she invokes the spirit of Garrick. The piece was performed at Sunderland in April 1822. She wrote some other minor poems. She died at Bishop Wearmouth on 18 June 1858 (Gent. Mag. 1858, ii. 202). Miss Harvey's sister Jane was a painter of miniatures on ivory; Andrew Morton, the portrait-painter (1802–1845), was her pupil.

 HARVEY, RICHARD (d. 1623?), astrologer, was baptised 15 April 1560 at Saffron Walden, where his father, John Harvey, was a ropemaker, and was a brother of Gabriel Harvey [q. v.] and of John Harvey (d. 1592) [q. v.] He entered as a pensioner at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, on 15 June 1575; proceeded B.A. 1577–8; commenced M.A. 1581, and was elected fellow of his college. His brother Gabriel says that he read a philosophical lecture at Cambridge with applause. His first book made some stir. It was called ‘An Astrological Discourse upon the great and notable Conjunction of two Superiour Planets, Saturne and Jupiter, which shall happen on the 28 day of April 1583 … with a briefe Declaration of the Effectes which the late Eclipse of the Sunne 1582 is yet hereafter to woorke: written newly by R. H. London, 1583’ (two editions), dedicated to John (Aylmer), bishop of London. Harvey here defends judicial astrology in reply to his brother Gabriel, and foretells that on Sunday, 28 April 1583, ‘about high noone there shall happen a conjunction of two superior planets, which conjunction shall be manifested to the ignorant sort by many fierce and boysterous winds then sodenly breaking out,’ and ‘will cause great abundance of waters and much cold weather, much unwonted mischiefes and sorow.’ With this work Harvey printed ‘A Compendious Table of Phlebotomie or Bloudletting,’ of eight pages, containing an ‘auncient commendation of Phlebotomie.’ The prediction failed, and Harvey was much ridiculed. He was mocked in the tripos verses at Cambridge. ‘The whole universitie hyst at him,’ writes his own and his brother Gabriel's enemy, Nashe (Pierce Penniless, 1592), ‘Tarleton at the Theater made jests of him,’ and Elderton denounced him in ‘hundreds of ballets.’ Thomas Heath [q. v.] wrote a reply.

In 1590 Harvey published, with a dedication to the Earl of Essex, ‘A Theologicall Discovrse of the Lamb of God and his enemies.’ The work comprised the substance of sermons which, according to Nashe, had been preached three years earlier. Harvey announced that he ‘newly published’ the volume to explain his attitude to the Martin Mar-Prelate controversy. Having denounced ‘Martinisme’ and ‘Cartwrightisme,’ he seemed disposed to take a middle line between the bishops and their opponents, and to reserve his severest language for the ‘poets and writers’ who had taken part in the dispute. He is charged by Nashe with ‘misterming’ the poets ‘piperly makeplaies and make-bates.’ Harvey plunged more boldly into the ‘Marprelate’ strife with an anonymous tract entitled ‘Plaine Percevall, the Peacemaker of England, sweetly indevoring with his blunt persuasions to botch up a reconciliation betwixt Mart-on and Mart-other,’ 1590? Here he veered to the puritan side of the controversy, and made specially


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Rh successful poets, admits of every variety. Dr. Beattie makes the following observation:—

"Not long ago I began a poem in the style and stanza of Spenser, in which I propose to give full scope to my inclination, and be either droll or pathetic, descriptive or sentimental, tender or satirical, as the humour strikes me; for, if I mistake not, the measure which I have adopted admits equally of all these kinds of composition." Strengthened in my opinion by such authority, and by the example of some in the highest order of Italian poets, I shall make no apology for attempts at similar variations in the following composition; satisfied that, if they are unsuccessful, their failure must be in the execution, rather than in the design sanctioned by the practice of Ariosto, Thomson, and Beattie.

London, February, 1812.

ADDITION TO THE PREFACE.

I have now waited till almost all our periodical journals have distributed their usual portion of criticism. To the justice of the generality of their criticisms I have nothing to object; it would ill become me to quarrel with their very slight degree of censure, when, perhaps, if they had been less kind they had been more candid. Returning, therefore, to all and each my best thanks for their liberality, on one point alone I shall venture an observation. Amongst the many objections justly urged to the very indifferent character of the "vagrant Childe" (whom, notwithstanding many hints to the contrary, I still maintain to be a fictitious personage), it has been stated, that, besides the anachronism, he is very unknightly, as the times of the Knights were times of Love, Honour, and so forth. Now it so happens that the good old


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H contemptuous mention of the tract entitled ‘The Pappe with a Hatchet,’ ascribed to John Lyly. Harvey's abuse of the men of letters excited Greene to pen the libellous attack on Harvey and his brothers Gabriel and John, which appeared in the original edition (now lost) of ‘A Quippe for an Upstart Courtier’ (1592). In the literary quarrel which followed between Gabriel Harvey and Nashe, Greene's champion, Nashe satirised Richard Harvey as unsparingly as Gabriel. He parodied Richard's ‘Astrological Discourse’ of 1583 in ‘A Wonderfull, strange, and miraculous Astrologicall Prognostication,’ 1592. In his ‘Strange Newes of the Intercepting of certain Letters,’ 1592, Nashe spoke of Richard as ‘a notable ruffian with his pen, having first took upon him in the blundering Persivall to play the Iacke of both sides 'twixt Martin and us’ (, Works, ed. Grosart, ii. 196), and he savagely ridiculed Harvey's ‘Theologicall Discourse of the Lamb of God.’ In his ‘Haue with you to Saffron Walden’ (1596), Nashe charged Richard with all manner of offences, and reported Kit Marlowe's opinion of him that he was ‘an asse good for nothing but to preach of the Iron age’ (ib. iii. 125). According to Nashe, Harvey was at one time rector of Chislehurst, but lost his benefice through incompetency. Hasted (Kent, i. 104) mentions one ‘Harvie’ as rector of Chislehurst until 1623. Nashe reports (Works, iii. 119) that he eloped with and married a daughter of Thomas Mead the judge, and pacified Mead by dedicating to him an almanack. Harvey's ‘Leap Yeare. A compendious Prognostication for 1584,’ London [1583], 16mo, is dedicated to his ‘good and curtuous frende’ Mr. Thomas Meade. Richard Harvey also published: 1. ‘Mercurius sive lachrymæ in obitum D. Thomæ Smith’ (which is printed at the end of Gabriel Harvey's ‘Smithus,’ 1578). 2. ‘Ephemeron sive Pæana: in gratiam propurgatæ reformatæque dialecticæ,’ London, 1583, 8vo, dedicated to Robert, earl of Essex. 3. ‘Philadelphus, or a Defence of Brutes and the Brutans History,’ London (by Iohn Wolfe), 1593, 8vo, dedicated to the Earl of Essex, in which George Buchanan is addressed as ‘the trumpet of Scotland’ and ‘the noble scholler.’

 HARVEY, THOMAS (1775–1841), vice-admiral, fourth son of Admiral Sir Henry Harvey [q. v.], entered the navy in 1787, served as master's mate of the Ramillies, then commanded by his father, in the action of 1 June 1794, and was promoted to be lieutenant in the following October. As lieutenant of the Prince of Wales, with his father and cousin [see, 1772–1837], he was present in the action off Lorient, 23 June 1795. He was promoted to be commander in July 1796; commanded the Pelican sloop at the reduction of Trinidad in February 1797, and was advanced to post rank 27 March 1797. He afterwards commanded the Lapwing and Unité frigates in the Mediterranean and West Indies; and in the latter, returning to England, joined the squadron in the Thames under Nelson, who for a short time hoisted his flag on board the Unité Towards the end of 1805 Harvey was appointed to the Standard of 64 guns, which joined Lord Collingwood's flag in the Mediterranean, and which, in February 1807, was one of the squadron under Sir John Thomas Duckworth [q. v.] in the Dardanelles, and was specially engaged in the destruction of the Turkish squadron in the entrance of the Straits. In the return passage she was struck by one of the huge stone shot, upwards of six feet in circumference, and weighing eight hundred pounds, which broke in on to the lower deck, caused an explosion of cartridges which wounded several men, and set the ship on fire. Returning to England in the autumn of 1808, Harvey was appointed early in the following year to the Majestic, attached to the fleet in the Baltic; he afterwards commanded the Sceptre in the North Sea. In June 1815 he was nominated a C.B., and from 1819 to 1821 had command of the Northumberland guardship at Sheerness, from which he was superseded on attaining his flag on 19 July. In April 1833 he was made a K.C.B., became vice-admiral on 10 Jan. 1837, and in March 1839 was appointed to the command-in-chief in the West Indies, a post previously held by his father and his cousin John. He died at Bermuda, during his tenure of office, 28 May 1841. Harvey married, in March 1805, his first cousin, Sarah, daughter of Captain John Harvey (1740–1794) [q. v.], and by her had three sons, of whom Thomas, born in 1810, died a rear-admiral in 1868, and Henry, born in 1812, died an admiral in 1887; the third, William, was in holy orders.

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H the Friends' school at Ackworth, Yorkshire, where he remained for about three years. Shortly after leaving school he was apprenticed to W. and T. Southall, chemists and druggists of Birmingham, and during his apprenticeship made the acquaintance of Joseph Sturge [q. v.] He subsequently commenced business as a chemist in Leeds. From his youth Harvey took great interest in philanthropic movements, and in 1836 he accompanied Sturge to the West Indies to make inquiries into the condition of the negroes in the English colonies, visiting Antigua, Montserrat, Dominica, St. Lucia, Barbadoes, and Jamaica. He returned in the following year, and in 1838 published, together with Sturge, a lengthy report. He gave much time to promoting measures for the relief of the recently emancipated slaves, then in a deplorable condition. In the autumn of 1856 Harvey accompanied Sturge to Finland. While the British fleet was stationed on the Baltic, much damage had been done to the property of the unarmed inhabitants, in spite of the disapproval of the admirals. Sturge published a report of this visit in the same year, and with Harvey formed a committee, which raised, chiefly from members of the Society of Friends, a sum of 9,000l. for the natives. Harvey and Sturge were thanked by the czar. In 1866 Harvey again visited Jamaica, accompanied by Thomas Brewin, to inquire into the ‘Gordon’ riots of 1865, and to distribute among the sufferers funds subscribed by the British Friends. In 1867 Harvey published a narrative of his tour, and, accompanied by Isaac Robson (d. 1885), made a journey to the colonies of Mennonites in Southern Russia, who suffered for their religious scruples against bearing arms. Harvey superintended the removal of a great part of the Mennonites to Canada, where the Friends found means for their settlement. In 1867 Harvey retired from business, and devoted himself to philanthropic and charitable work in Leeds and elsewhere. For many years he acted as honorary secretary of the institution for blind and deaf mutes. In May 1884 the London yearly meeting of the Society of Friends appointed Harvey with two colleagues as a deputation to their co-religionists in Canada, among whom there existed doctrinal differences. The mission was successful, but the labour injured his already feeble health. He died on 25 Dec. at his residence at Headingley, near Leeds. He was buried four days later in the Friends' burial-ground at Adel, near Leeds. He left a widow and one son.

Harvey was a man of considerable scientific acquirements, a good classical and Hebrew scholar, and a conscientious student even in his old age. He was as remarkable for severe integrity in business as for his gentleness and refinement in private life. He was a member of the Leeds school board during its earlier years, and was always a zealous promoter of education. A clear and simple speaker and efficient preacher, he was also a frequent contributor to the organs of the sect to which he belonged. Besides the works before mentioned he wrote: 1. ‘The Hebrew Dispensation a Light to the Gentle World,’ in 2 pts., n.d. 2. ‘On the Book of Job; its Place in the General Plan of Holy Scripture,’ n.d.

 HARVEY or HERVEY, WILLIAM (d. 1567), Clarenceux king-of-arms, first became a member of the College of Arms as Hampnes pursuivant-extraordinary, and was appointed Bluemantle pursuivant-in-ordinary 18 June 1536. In the latter capacity he accompanied his patron, William (afterwards Lord) Paget, on his embassy to France. Subsequently he was created Somerset herald, and while holding that office attended the funeral of Catherine, the queen-dowager of Henry VIII, being the only officer of arms who is mentioned in the descriptions of the ceremony. He was sent on official business to the king of Denmark, to the Emperor Charles V, and, with Dr. Wotton, to the Duke of Saxony. By patent, dated 4 Feb. 1549–50, Edward VI created him Norroy king-of-arms. In that capacity he paid seven official visits to Germany. Queen Mary deputed him to go to France to declare war (7 June 1557), Garter and Norroy kings-of-arms proclaiming the war in London. He was created Clarenceux king-of-arms 21 Nov. 1557. He injured his reputation by a disgraceful quarrel at Turvey, Bedfordshire, while at the funeral of Lord Mordaunt, and the earl marshal temporarily prohibited him from visiting his province. Harvey died at Thame, Oxfordshire, on 27 Feb. 1566–7. His portrait has been engraved by C. Hall. There are also engraved portraits of him, from illuminated grants of arms, in Dallaway's ‘Science of Heraldry’ (plate 12), and in Daniell's Supplement to Thane's ‘British Autography,’ 1854.

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H the ‘Funerall Monuments.’ Of the numerous heraldic visitations made by Harvey the following have been printed: 1. ‘Essex’ (1558), Harl. Soc. vol. xiii., London (1878), edited by Walter C. Metcalfe, F.S.A. 2. ‘Suffolk’ (1561), edited by Joseph Jackson Howard, LL.D., F.S.A., 2 vols., Lowestoft, 1866, 8vo; and again by Walter C. Metcalfe, Exeter, 1882, 4to. 3. ‘Norfolk’ (1563), edited by the Rev. G. H. Dashwood, F.S.A., for the Norfolk and Norwich Archæological Society, Norwich, 1878, 8vo. 4. ‘Dorsetshire’ (1565), edited by Walter C. Metcalfe from the Harleian MSS. 888 and 1092, and printed at Exeter (one hundred copies only) in 1887. 5. ‘Oxfordshire’ (1566), Harl. Soc. vol. v., London, 1871, 8vo, edited by W. H. Turner. 6. ‘Bedfordshire’ (1566), edited by Frederic Augustus Blaydes, Harl. Soc. vol. xix., London, 1884, 8vo.

 HARVEY, WILLIAM, M.D. (1578–1657), physician and discoverer of the circulation of the blood, was born at Folkestone, Kent, 1 April 1578, in a house which was in later times the posthouse of the town and which still belongs to Caius College, Cambridge, to which Harvey bequeathed it. His father was Thomas Harvey, a Kentish yeoman, and in May 1600 jurat of Folkestone. His mother, Joane, daughter of Thomas Halke of Hastingleigh, Kent, was the second wife of Thomas Harvey, and William was the second child and eldest son of the family. His father died 12 Jan. 1623, his mother 8 Nov. 1605, and they had six other sons. In 1588 William was sent to the King's School, Canterbury. Thence he went to Cambridge, where he was admitted a pensioner in Gonville and Caius College, 31 May 1593, George Estey, fellow, being his surety (Caius Admission Book, manuscript). He graduated B.A. 1597, and, determining to study medicine, travelled through France and Germany to Padua, the most famous school of physic of that time. Here, in the curious anatomical theatre, lined with carved oak, which is still standing, he attended the candle-light lectures of the great anatomist Fabricius of Aquapendente, and pursued the other medical studies of the place. He graduated M.D. 25 April 1602, and the diploma expresses the warm satisfaction of the university of Padua at his graduation (original in the College of Physicians of London). He returned to England, graduated M.D. at Cambridge 1602, and soon after took a house in the parish of St. Martin-extra-Ludgate in London. In November 1604 he married, at the church of the neighbouring parish of St. Sepulchre, Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. Lancelot Browne [q. v.], formerly physician to Queen Elizabeth. On 5 Oct. in the same year Harvey was admitted a candidate of the College of Physicians and was elected a fellow 5 June 1607. On Saturday 28 Feb. 1609, at a court of the governors of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Sir John Spencer [q. v.] in the chair, he applied for the reversion of the office of physician, and brought a recommendation from the king and testimonials of professional competence from Dr. Atkins, president of the College of Physicians, and from several of the senior doctors of the college. Harvey was elected to the reversion, a condition comparable to that of an assistant physician at the present day. Dr. Wilkinson, also a Cambridge man, gave his assistant the benefit of his professional experience and friendship. Wilkinson died in the summer, and his assistant discharged the duties of the physiciancy till his formal election as physician at a meeting of the president, Sir John Spencer, and the governors on Saturday, 14 Oct. 1609. He was then solemnly charged to attend at the hospital ‘one day in the weeke at the leaste thorough the yeare, or oftner, as neede shall requyer;’ to give the poor the full benefit of his knowledge; to prescribe only such medicines as should ‘doe the poore good,’ without regard to the pecuniary interests of the apothecary; to take no reward from the patients, and to render account for any negligence on his part. The hall of the hospital in which he sat once a week to see patients was a spacious room, pulled down about 1728, with a great fireplace, to the fire of which Henry III had granted a supply of wood from the forest of Windsor. Harvey sat at a table and the patients brought to him sat upon a settle beside it, the apothecary, the steward, and the matron standing by. The surgeons discharged their duties in the wards, and the physician only went into them to see such patients as could not walk. His prescriptions were written in a book which was kept locked up. On 28 July 1614, at a court of governors under the presidency of Sir Thomas Lowe, it was resolved that Harvey should have an official residence


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H formed of two houses and a garden in West Smithfield, adjoining the hospital. The premises were then on a lease, and the tenure was to begin at its expiration. This did not take place till 1626, when Harvey, after consideration, decided not to accept the residence, and on 7 July 1626 his stipend was in consequence increased from 25l. to 33l. 6s. 8d.

On 4 Aug. 1615 he was elected Lumleian lecturer at the College of Physicians (note under the year 1617 in the manuscript Annales of the College of Physicians, placed there by order of the president, who had been present in 1615), and in the following April, on the 16th, 17th, and 18th, he delivered at the college in Knightrider Street, near St. Paul's Cathedral, the lectures in which he made the first public statement of his thoughts on the circulation of the blood. The notes from which he delivered these lectures exist in their original manuscript and binding at the British Museum. The pages measure six inches in length by three and three quarters in breadth, and are closely written over, the notes being generally arranged in a tabular form. Here and there they are underlined with red ink, and opposite the statement which the author thought especially his own are the initials ‘W. H.’ written somewhat obliquely but in right lines. This habit of initial signature also occurs in another manuscript of Harvey (Sloane 486) and in his notes on the copy of Gulston's ‘Opuscula Varia Galeni’ (British Museum Library), and thus he probably signed his prescriptions. The notes of the lectures have a carefully written title-page; at the top is the line ‘Stat Jove principium, Musæ, Jovis omnia plena,’ and then the words ‘Prelectiones Anatomiæ universalis per me Gulielmum Harveium, medicum Londinensem Anatomie et Chirurgie Professorem Anno Domini 1616, anno ætatis 37 prelectæ, Aprili 16, 17, 18,’ and at foot is a quotation from Aristotle's ‘Historia Animalium,’ lib. i. c. 16, in Latin, which advises the study of comparative anatomy for the elucidation of the difficulties of human anatomy. The notes cover ninety-six pages, some of them containing more than forty lines of close writing. There are divisions which indicate where the lectures ended. The book does not complete the treatment of the subject. Some further notes are contained in another manuscript (Sloane 486), although these do not directly continue the first collection of notes. The lectures are three in number, and begin by a statement of the general arrangement of the subject, followed by eleven rules, which the lecturer lays down for his own guidance. They direct demonstration of what is before the audience, the illustration of human anatomy by that of animals, the avoidance of controversy, of minute details, and of telling what may as well be learnt at home. The first lecture treats of the outside of the body, then of the skin, fat, and superficial muscles, and then of the abdomen and all its contents. Each organ is described, often with homely illustrations, as of the names of the various parts of the alimentary canal (f. 20), ‘from Powles to Ledenhale, one way but many names, as Cheape, Powtry, &c.,’ or of the stomach, ‘Figura like a horne, a bagpipe, rotunda quo capacior, less and less quo cibaria cocta minorem locum.’ The notes are in Latin, with many intercalated English words or sentences. The second lecture deals with the chest and its contents. Nine pages (ff. 72–80) refer to the heart, and show that the lecturer had already completed his discovery of the circulation of the blood. The first describes the structure of the heart and of the great vessels, explains the contraction of the several cavities of the heart, the form and use of its valves and of the valves in the veins, and he concludes by clearly stating that he has thus demonstrated that the perpetual motion of the blood in a circle is produced by the beat of the heart. The third lecture is on the head, including the brain and nerves, and ends with the remark that Galen was not the first to whom had occurred the notion that nerves went from the brain to the organs of sense, since Cicero had twice suggested it, once in the Tusculan disputations and once in the ‘De Natura Deorum.’ The lectures show their author to have been widely read. He had studied Aristotle and Galen evidently in Latin editions, and had a profound veneration for Aristotle and a professional respect without much personal admiration for Galen. He quotes Aristotle oftener than any other author, and after Aristotle Galen. He was familiar with all the anatomists from Vesalius to his own times, and had Columbus, Fallopius, Fernelius, Laurentius, Nicholaus Massa, and Bauhin at his fingers' ends. Of the Latin poets he cared most for Virgil, and knew Plautus and Horace, and of the prose writers Cæsar, Cicero, and Vitruvius. He had read St. Augustine, and was well versed in the Bible. He does not mention the works of Shakespeare nor any of the literature of his time, though he often quotes verbal remarks of his contemporaries, chiefly, however, of physicians. He had already attained considerable practice, and must have laboured incessantly, for he showed that he had thoroughly dissected more than eighty species of animals. The lectures lasted more than an hour each day, as it was necessary to


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H complete the course before the body which lay on the table became putrid, and the preservative fluids at present in use in dissecting rooms were then unknown. It was Harvey's custom to settle beforehand the exact time he would give to each part, and not to exceed it.

In 1618 (Pharmacopeia Londinensis, 1618) Harvey was physician extraordinary to James I, and on 3 Feb. 1623 he received a promise to be made physician in ordinary on the next vacancy. On 1 Feb. 1620, with Dr. Mayerne and Dr. Clement, he was appointed by the College of Physicians to watch the proceedings of the surgeons who were moving parliament in their own interest. On 17 Feb. he was sent to a conference on the same subject at Gray's Inn, and afterwards to Cambridge, where the university declined to join the College of Physicians (Coll. of Physicians MS. Liber Annalium). On 16 July 1623 he proved, as executor, his father's will in London. A certificate stating that the health of Sir William Sandis, a country gentleman, required his stay in London in the winter of 1624, and signed by Harvey, is preserved in the Public Record Office (Dom. Ser. Charles I, xlvii. No. 9). In the same year he was concerned in the proceedings against one Savery, a quack, and Harvey related to the College of Physicians what the king's majesty told him about Savery pretending to cure epilepsy only. In each year he gave the Lumleian lectures at the College of Physicians, and the notes of those of 1627 (, An Unpublished Manuscript of Harvey), are in the British Museum (Sloane 486) in a volume somewhat smaller than that containing his first course. It has 121 leaves, of which the first sixty-eight are devoted to the anatomy of the muscles, and most of the remainder to their functions and diseases, of which last he shows a considerable clinical knowledge. In these lectures he quotes Aristotle often and Riolanus once, but in the rarity of his allusions to authors they present a marked contrast to the first course of lectures. In 1628, twelve years after his first statement of it in his lectures, he published at Frankfurt, through William Fitzer, his discovery of the circulation of the blood. The book is small quarto, entitled ‘Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus,’ and contains seventy-two pages and two plates of diagrams. The printers evidently had difficulty in reading the author's handwriting, and there are many misprints. There is a dedication to Charles I, in which the king in his kingdom is compared to the heart in the body, and this is followed by a modest address to Dr. Argent, the president, and to the fellows of the College of Physicians of London. An introduction then states the existing opinions on the structure of the heart and great vessels, on the blood and its movement, for that it moved had of course been observed from the earliest times. Seventeen chapters follow, in which the whole subject is made clear from the beginning and incontestably demonstrated. He begins by modestly stating how the difficulties of the subject had gradually become clear to him, and by expressing, with a quotation from the ‘Andria’ of Terence, the hope that his discovery might help others to still further knowledge. He then describes the motions of arteries, of the ventricles of the heart, and of its auricles, as seen in living animals, and the use of these movements. He shows that the blood coming into the right auricle from the vena cava, and passing then to the right ventricle, is pumped out to the lungs through the pulmonary artery, passes through the parenchyma of the lungs, and comes thence by the pulmonary veins to the left ventricle. This same blood, he shows, is then pumped out to the body. It is carried out by arteries and comes back by veins, performing a complete circulation. He shows that, in a live snake, when the great veins are tied some way from the heart, the piece of vein between the ligature and the heart is empty, and further, that blood coming from the heart is checked in an artery by a ligature, so that there is blood between the heart and the ligature and no blood beyond the ligature. He then shows how the blood comes back to the heart by the veins, and demonstrates their valves. These had before been described by Hieronymus Fabricius of Aquapendente, but before Harvey no exact explanation of their function had been given. He gives diagrams showing the results of obstructing veins, and that these valves may thus be seen to prevent the flow of blood in the veins in any direction except towards the heart. After a summary of a few lines in the fourteenth chapter he further illustrates the perpetual circuit of the blood, and points out how morbid materials are carried from the heart all over the body. The last chapter gives a masterly account of the structure of the heart in men and animals, and points out that the right ventricle is thinner than the left because it has only to send the blood a short way into the lungs, while the left ventricle has to pump it all over the body.

This great and original book at once attracted attention and excited discussion. In the College of Physicians of London, where Harvey had mentioned the discovery in his lectures every year since 1616, the Exercitatio


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96.
 * 43 Geo. 3. c. 107.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words "An Act for effectuating," and ends with the words " Powers of the said Governors."
 * 43 Geo. 3. c. 108.
 * An Act to promote the building, repairing, or otherwise providing of Churches and Chapels, and of Houses for the Residence of Ministers, and the providing of Church Yards and Glebes.
 * 43 Geo. 3. c. 139.
 * An Act for preventing the forging and counterfeiting of Foreign Bills of Exchange, and of Foreign Promissory Notes and Orders for the Payment of Money ; and for preventing the counterfeiting of Foreign Copper Money.
 * 43 Geo. 3. c. 140.
 * An Act to enable the Judges of His Majesty's Courts of Record at Westminster to award Writs of Habeas Corpus for bringing Persons detained in Gaol before Courts-Martial and the several Commissioners therein mentioned.
 * 43 Geo. 3. c. 141.
 * An Act to render Justices of the Peace more safe in the Execution of their Duty.
 * 43 Geo. 3. c. 143.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words " An Act for the rendering," and ends with the words " Deputy Governors respectively."
 * 43 Geo. 3. c. 161.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words "An Act for repealing the several Duties," and ends with the words " Carriages by Auction or on Commission."
 * 44 Geo. 3. c. 43.
 * An Act to enforce the due Observance of the Canons and Rubrick respecting the Ages of Persons to be admitted into the Sacred Orders of Deacon and Priest.
 * 44 Geo. 3. c. 54.
 * An Act to consolidate and amend the Provisions of the several Acts relating to Corps of Yeomanry and Volunteers in Great Britain; and to make further Regulations relating thereto.
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 * 43 Geo. 3. c. 143.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words " An Act for the rendering," and ends with the words " Deputy Governors respectively."
 * 43 Geo. 3. c. 161.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words "An Act for repealing the several Duties," and ends with the words " Carriages by Auction or on Commission."
 * 44 Geo. 3. c. 43.
 * An Act to enforce the due Observance of the Canons and Rubrick respecting the Ages of Persons to be admitted into the Sacred Orders of Deacon and Priest.
 * 44 Geo. 3. c. 54.
 * An Act to consolidate and amend the Provisions of the several Acts relating to Corps of Yeomanry and Volunteers in Great Britain; and to make further Regulations relating thereto.
 * }
 * 44 Geo. 3. c. 43.
 * An Act to enforce the due Observance of the Canons and Rubrick respecting the Ages of Persons to be admitted into the Sacred Orders of Deacon and Priest.
 * 44 Geo. 3. c. 54.
 * An Act to consolidate and amend the Provisions of the several Acts relating to Corps of Yeomanry and Volunteers in Great Britain; and to make further Regulations relating thereto.
 * }
 * 44 Geo. 3. c. 54.
 * An Act to consolidate and amend the Provisions of the several Acts relating to Corps of Yeomanry and Volunteers in Great Britain; and to make further Regulations relating thereto.
 * }
 * }


text: The New Student's Reference Work/Wilson, James H.


text: The New Student's Reference Work/Wilson, John


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/40

6 times, when "l'amour du bon vieux terns, l'amour antique," flourished, were the most profligate of all possible centuries. Those who have any doubts on this subject may consult Sainte-Palaye, passim, and more particularly vol. ii. p. 69. The vows of chivalry were no better kept than any other vows whatsoever; and the songs of the Troubadours were not more decent, and certainly were much less refined, than those of Ovid. The "Cours d'Amour, parlemens d'amour, ou de courtoisie et de gentilesse" had much more of love than of courtesy or gentleness. See Rolland on the same subject with Sainte-Palaye.

Whatever other objection may be urged to that most unamiable personage Childe Harold, he was so far perfectly knightly in his attributes—"No waiter, but a knight templar."


text: The New Student's Reference Work/Wilson, William Lyne


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/41

Rh By the by, I fear that Sir Tristrem and Sir Lancelot were no better than they should be, although very poetical personages and true knights, "sans peur," though not "sans réproche." If the story of the institution of the "Garter" be not a fable, the knights of that order have for several centuries borne the badge of a Countess of Salisbury, of indifferent memory. So much for chivalry. Burke need not have regretted that its days are over, though Marie-Antoinette was quite as chaste as most of those in whose honour lances were shivered, and knights unhorsed.

Before the days of Bayard, and down to those of Sir Joseph Banks (the most chaste and celebrated of ancient and modern times) few exceptions will be found to this statement; and I fear a little investigation will teach us not to regret these monstrous mummeries of the middle ages.

I now leave "Childe Harold" to live his day such as he is; it had been more agreeable, and certainly more easy, to have drawn an amiable character. It had been easy to varnish over his faults, to make him do more and express less, but he never was intended as an example, further than to show, that early perversion of mind and morals leads to satiety of


text:
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8 past pleasures and disappointment in new ones, and that even the beauties of nature and the stimulus of travel (except ambition, the most powerful of all excitements) are lost on a soul so constituted, or rather misdirected. Had I proceeded with the Poem, this character would have deepened as he drew to the close; for the outline which I once meant to fill up for him was, with some exceptions, the sketch of a modern Timon, perhaps a poetical Zeluco.


text: The New Student's Reference Work/Winchell, Alexander


text:
User talk:24.7.128.193

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title: User talk:24.7.128.193


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/46

12 To such as see thee not my words were weak;

To those who gaze on thee what language could they speak?

Ah! may'st thou ever be what now thou art,

Nor unbeseem the promise of thy Spring—

As fair in form, as warm yet pure in heart,

Love's image upon earth without his wing,

And guileless beyond Hope's imagining!

And surely she who now so fondly rears

Thy youth, in thee, thus hourly brightening,

Beholds the Rainbow of her future years,

Before whose heavenly hues all Sorrow disappears.

Young Peri of the West!—'tis well for me

My years already doubly number thine;

My loveless eye unmoved may gaze on thee,

And safely view thy ripening beauties shine;

Happy, I ne'er shall see them in decline;

Happier, that, while all younger hearts shall bleed,

Mine shall escape the doom thine eyes assign

To those whose admiration shall succeed,

But mixed with pangs to Love's even loveliest hours decreed.


text:
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Rh

 * -


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Rh Oh! let that eye, which, wild as the Gazelle's,

Now brightly bold or beautifully shy,

Wins as it wanders, dazzles where it dwells,

Glance o'er this page, nor to my verse deny

That smile for which my breast might vainly sigh

Could I to thee be ever more than friend:

This much, dear Maid, accord; nor question why

To one so young my strain I would commend,

But bid me with my wreath one matchless Lily blend.

Such is thy name with this my verse entwined;

And long as kinder eyes a look shall cast

On Harold's page, Ianthe's here enshrined

Shall thus be first beheld, forgotten last:

My days once numbered—should this homage past

Attract thy fairy fingers near the Lyre


text:
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14 Of him who hailed thee loveliest, as thou wast—

Such is the most my Memory may desire;

Though more than Hope can claim, could Friendship less require?


text: The New Student's Reference Work/Winchester, Ky.


text: The New Student's Reference Work/Winchester, Mass.


text:
Page:Ruffhead - The Statutes at Large - vol 9.djvu/709

Rh XVIII. Provided always, and be it further Enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That if such Person or Persons, so Voluntarily surrendring him, her or themselves, shall afterwards Neglect, or Omit to Discover and Deliver his, her or their Estates and Effects, and in every thing act and do as in this Act is Directed, every such Person or Persons mall be taken and adjudged to be a Fraudulent Bankrupt within the true intent and meaning of this Act, and thereof being Lawfully Convicted, shall suffer as a Felon without the Benefit of Clergy.

XIX. Provided also, and be it further Enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That no Discovery upon Oath to be made by any Bankrupt of his or her Estate and Effects pursuant to this Act, shall Entitle such Bankrupt to the Benefits allowed by this Act, unless the Commissioners of Bankrupts, or the greater part of them that shall be named in the Commission Issued, or to be Issued against him or her, shall in Writing under their Hands and Seals, Certifie to the Lord Chancellor of England, Lord Keeper, or Commissioners for the Custody of the Great Seal of England for the time being, that such Bankrupt hath made Discovery of his Estate and Effects, and in all things Conformed himself according to the Directions of this Act, and that there doth not appear to them any reason to doubt of the Truth of such Discovery, or that the fame is not a full Discovery of all such Bankrupts Estate and Effects ; and unless such Certificate shall be Allowed and Confirmed by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Keeper, or Commissioners for the Custody of the Great Seal of England for the time being, or by such Two of the Judges of the Courts of Queens Bench, Common Pleas, and Court of Exchequer at Westminster, to whom the Consideration of such Certificate shall be referred by the Lord Chancellor, Lord Keeper, or Commissioners for the Custody of the Great Seal of England for the time being, and the Creditors of such Bankrupts are to be allowed to be heard, if they shall think fit, before the respective Persons aforesaid, against the making such Certificate, and against the Confirmation thereof.

XX. And whereas Commissions of Bankrupts have been often Executed with great Expence in Eating and Drinking, at the Meetings of the Commissioners, or some of them therein Named, to the great Prejudice of the Bankrupts and their Creditors ; Be it further Enacted by the Authority aforesaid, that there shall not be paid or allowed by the Creditors, or out of the Estate of the Bankrupts, any Monies whatsoever for Expences in Eating or Drinking of the Commissioners, or of any other Persons at the times of the Meetings of the said Commissioners, or of any of the Creditors, or others, in Order to execute or prepare Matters for the Execution of such Commssions ; And if any Person or Persons named, or to be made, as a Commissioner or Commissioners in any such Commission, shall Order any such Expence to be made, or Eat or Drink at any such Meeting at the Charge of the Creditors, or out of the Estate of such Bankrupt, every such Commissioner so offending, shall be Disabled for ever after to Act as a Commissioner in such, or any other Commission founded on the Statutes made against Bankrupts.

At the Parliament Summoned to be Held at Westminster, the Fourteenth Day of June, Anno Dom. 1705. In the Fourth Year of the Reign of our Sovereign Lady, by the Grace of God, of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, &c. And from thence Continued by several Prorogations to the Five and twentieth Day of October, 1705. And then Begun and Holden, being the Firist Session of this present Parliament. And from thence Continued by several Prorogations to the Third Day of December, 1706. Being the Second Session of this present Parliament.

HEREAS an Act made in the First Session of this present Parliament, held in the Fourth and Fifth Years of Her Majesties Reign, Intituled, An Act for Preventing Frauds frequently Committed by Bankrupts, hath not Answered the good Intent thereof ; but on the contrary, many notorious Frauds and Abuses have been Committed, notwithstanding the Provisions and Penalties in the said Act : For Prevention whereof for the future, and for Explaining and Amending the said late Act, Be it Enacted by the Queens most Excellent Majesty, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in this present Parliament Assembled, and by the Authority of the same, That if any Person or Persons, who shall become Bankrupt within the several Statutes made against Bankrupts, or any of them, or any other Person or Persons, by or with his, her or their Order, Consent or Privity, shall from and after the Five and twentieth Day of April, in the Year of our Lord, One thousand seven hundred and seven, Remove, Carry away, Conceal, Destroy or Imbezel any of the Goods, Wares, Merchandizes, Monies, or Effects, whereof he, she or they, or any Person or Persons in Trust for him, her or them, is or are Possessed or Entitled unto, to  the


text: The New Student's Reference Work/Winchester, Va.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/103

H received all the honour it deserved. On the continent of Europe it was received with less favour, but neither in England nor abroad did any one suggest that the discovery was to be found in other writers. The ‘Exercitationes et animadversiones in librum Gulielmi Harvei de Motu Cordis et Circulatione Sanguinis’ of Dr. James Primrose appeared in 1630, and the ‘Lapis Lydius de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis’ of Æmylius Parisanus at Venice in 1635; both are mere controversial writings of no scientific interest. Hoffman of Nuremberg and others followed in opposition, in letters, lectures, and treatises, but before his death the great discovery of Harvey was accepted throughout the medical world. The modern controversy (, Harveian Oration, 1882;, William Harvey, a History of the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood, 1878) as to whether the discovery was taken from some previous author is sufficiently refuted by the opinion of the opponents of his views in his own time, who agreed in denouncing the doctrine as new; by the laborious method of gradual demonstration obvious in his book and lectures; and, lastly, by the complete absence of lucid demonstration of the action of the heart and course of the blood in Cæsalpinus, Servetus, and all others who have been suggested as possible originals of the discovery. It remains to this day the greatest of the discoveries of physiology, and its whole honour belongs to Harvey. He was a regular attendant at the comitia of the College of Physicians, and took an active part in the proceedings. On 9 Dec. 1629, at the president's house, he examined Dr. James Primrose [q. v.] for admission as a candidate, and passed him. On 22 Dec. 1630 he subscribed 20l. to the fund for purchasing a site, and on 26 March 1632 drew up new rules for the college library.

On 21 Jan. 1630 he applied to the governors of St. Bartholomew's Hospital for leave of absence, in accordance with the king's command, to travel with the Duke of Lennox, and in July he started on the journey. On 23 Sept. he was in Paris (, Memorials of Harvey), but was in London 8 Oct. and 22 Dec. 1630. He afterwards visited Blois, Saumur, and Bordeaux. In February 1632 he was in Spain, and probably visited Venice before his return to England. In a letter to Lord Dorchester, preserved in the Bodleian Library (Clarendon Papers, 2076), he asks that none be put into his place of physician to the household during his absence, and describes how the countries were so wretched ‘that by the way we could scarcely see a dogg, crow, kite, raven, or any bird or anything to anatomise, only sum few miserable people, the reliques of the war and the plague, where famine had made anatomies before I came.’ In May 1633 he obtained leave from the governors of St. Bartholomew's (MS. Minute Book of St. Bartholomew's Hospital) to go to Scotland with the king. While there in June he visited the Bass Rock, and an account by him of its gannets is extant (, British Physicians, p. 42). On 5 Oct. 1633 he applied to Sir Robert Ducie, then president of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, to summon a meeting of the governors, the surgeons, and the apothecary, so that he might lay before them ‘some particulars concerning the good of the poore of this howse, and reformacon of some orders conceaved to be in this howse.’

On 15 Oct. the meeting took place, and Dr. Andrewes was appointed a full physician, so as to give Harvey more liberty. Sixteen regulations drawn up by Harvey were then discussed, and were all agreed to except one requiring the surgeons to declare their treatment whenever the physician desired. Their general purport is that absolutely incurable cases are not to be admitted, and that the surgeons, apothecary, and matron are to discharge all their duties decently and in person. In 1634 four Lancashire women had been accused of witchcraft (, Memorials of Harvey), and were sent to London. Harvey was desired by the Earl of Manchester (29 June 1634) to arrange with Baker and William Clowes (1582–1648) [q. v.], the king's surgeons, for their examination. On 2 July he superintended their physical examination by ten midwives and seven surgeons, and found that there was nothing unnatural in their bodies, and so they were pardoned. On 4 July 1634 he gave a tanned human skin to the College of Physicians ‘for a monument to be reserved in the college.’ On the same day, by the president's direction, he made a speech to the apothecaries persuading them to conformity to the college orders (MS. Annales). In 1635, on 17 Nov., an impudent barber-surgeon named William Tellett, on being called to account (, Records of the Barber-Surgeons) for not recording the death of a maidservant whom he was attending, declared that her death was due to Dr. Harvey's physic. On 16 Nov., Queen Henrietta Maria's birthday, he examined post mortem the body of Thomas Parr, a Shropshire labourer, stated to have lived 152 years and nine months. His report of the post-mortem was published in 1669 by Dr. Bett (De Ortu et Natura Sanguinis). On 7 April 1636 he left England again, in attendance on Thomas Howard, earl


text:
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H of Arundel, who was sent as ambassador to the emperor (, Notæ Harveianæ). In May he was in Nuremberg, and dined at the English College in Rome on 5 Oct. 1636, Dr. George Ent [q. v.] also being a guest (, Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus, vi. 614). While at Nuremberg he visited his opponent Hoffman, but did not convince him.

Harvey remained in London till the outbreak of the great rebellion. A certificate signed by him on 2 Dec. 1637 as to the health of Sir Thomas Thynne is in the State Paper Office (, Memorials of Harvey). The ‘Galeni Opuscula Varia’ of Dr. Theodore Goulston [q. v.] was published by Gataker in 1640. He had been a friend of Harvey, and his copy in the British Museum has many marginal notes in Harvey's hand, and some signed with his initials. He read the Latin, and not the Greek text (Harvey's copy of ‘Galen’). The album of Philip de Glargis in the British Museum (Addit. MS. 23105) has an entry written for the owner by Harvey, ‘Dii laboribus omnia vendunt,’ 8 May 1641. In 1642 he left London in attendance on the king. He cared little for politics (letter to John Nardi, Sydenham Society's edition of Harvey, p. 611), and while the king's army was assembling he visited his friend Percival Willughby at Derby, and talked with him of uterine diseases (, p. 22). He was present at the battle of Edgehill, and, according to Aubrey, all whose remarks about him are to be received with suspicion, had charge of the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York while the fight was in progress, and read a book he had in his pocket. He went to Oxford with the king, and was incorporated M.D. on 7 Dec. 1642. On 17 Oct. 1643 he wrote a report at Milton on the health of Prince Maurice, who was suffering from the typhus fever, which was then epidemic in the royal army. Harvey worked at anatomy, making dissections at Oxford (, preface to Anatomy), and in 1645 was made by royal mandate warden of Merton College, in the place made vacant by the departure of Sir Nathaniel Brent [q. v.] In 1643 he had received his payment as physician to St. Bartholomew's Hospital for the last time. In 1646, after the surrender of Oxford, he returned to London and resided in the houses of his brothers, who were wealthy merchants. In 1649 he published at Cambridge, at the press of Roger Daniels, ‘Exercitatio Anatomica de Circulatione Sanguinis, ad Joannem Riolanem filium Parisiensem,’ in which he discusses the arguments against his doctrines set forth in a book, ‘Encheiridium Anatomicum,’ Leyden, 1648, written by Riolanus, and presented by him to Harvey. Riolanus's shallow remarks are considered courteously. At the end Harvey mentions that he had intended to write a morbid anatomy of diseases based upon the notes of the numerous post-mortem examinations he had made. At Christmas 1650 Dr. George Ent visited Harvey at his brother's house, and after a conversation, which is recorded by Ent, brought away the manuscript of a treatise entitled ‘Exercitationes de Generatione Animalium, quibus accedunt quædam de Partu, de Membranis ac Tumoribus Uteri et de Conceptione.’ This was published in 1651 by Pulleyn, in St. Paul's Churchyard, London. The parts of the hen's egg, and the growth of the chick within it, are fully described, and all the points of growth and development discussed in relation to it. It shows vast labour and careful observation; but the discovery of the microscope was wanting to make clear much of what Harvey could only see in part. This was his last published work, except a few letters printed at the end of his Works (Sydenham Society, 1846–7). On 4 July 1651 he offered to the College of Physicians, through its president, Dr. Prujean, to build a library. This was done anonymously, but became known, and on 22 Dec. 1652 the college voted the erection of Harvey's statue. On 2 Feb. 1654 the library was complete, and the donor handed it over to the college. On 30 Sept. 1654 he was elected president of the college, but declined the honour on the ground of age. He served on the council in 1655 and 1656. In 1656 he resigned his Lumleian lectureship; gave the college his estate at Burmarsh, Romney Marsh, Essex, and took leave of the fellows. He had had many attacks of gout, and used to check it by putting his feet in cold water. The attacks became more frequent, and he died on 3 June 1657. The fellows of the College of Physicians followed his body on its way to Hempstead in Essex, where it was deposited, wrapped in lead, in a vault of the family. Here it remained till St. Luke's day (18 Oct.) 1883, when it was translated, in the presence of the president (Sir William Jenner) and several fellows of the college, to a white marble sarcophagus provided by the college in the Harvey chapel erected in Hempstead Church; with the leaden coffin, bearing the inscription, ‘Doctor William Harvey. Decesed the 3 of June 1657. Aged 79 years,’ there were deposited in the sarcophagus a copy of the large edition of Harvey's works and a roll recounting the incidents of the translation, a duplicate of which hangs in the library of the College of Physicians.


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 Harvey's will is in his own handwriting. He gave his books and papers to the college, his gown to Sir [q. v.], his coffee-pot to his brother Eliab, a benefaction to Christ's Hospital, and many bequests to his relations. He was of short stature, and in youth had black hair. His portrait, by Cornelius Jansen, hangs in the library of the College of Physicians, and there is a characteristic bust, attributed to Scheemakers, in the Harvey chapel at Hempstead in Essex. Another portrait by an unknown painter is in the National Portrait Gallery; a contemporary engraving of this picture, usually attributed to Hollar, is more probably by Gaywood.

The best collected edition of his works is that published by the College of Physicians, edited by Dr. Lawrence, in 1766. A complete translation of his works into English was published in London by the Sydenham Society in 1847. An edition of the ‘De Circulatione Sanguinis,’ with the attacks of Parisianus and Primrose, was published at Leyden in quarto in 1639, and a duodecimo edition in London in 1648, the first published in England. Another was published in London by Daniels in 1660, and editions appeared at Rotterdam in 1648, 1654, 1661, and 1671. A small quarto edition of his whole works was published at Leyden in 1737. The first edition of the ‘De Circulatione’ in English was published at the White Lion in Duck Lane, London, in 1653, and a further edition in 1673, both by R. Lowndes. In 1653 the ‘De Generatione Animalium’ was published in English, with a preface by Sir George Ent and a portrait of Harvey by W. Faithorne. The college contributed to the publication of his ‘Prelectiones Anatomiæ Generalis’ in 1886, and on St. Luke's day an oration in praise of him and of the other benefactors of the college is every year delivered.

 HARVEY, WILLIAM (1796–1866), wood engraver and designer, was born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne on 13 July 1796, his father being keeper of the baths at the Westgate. At fourteen years of age he was apprenticed to [q. v.], with whom he became a great favourite. He worked with Temple, another pupil, upon Bewick's ‘Fables of Æsop,’ 1818, transferring to the block many of the designs of a third pupil, Robert Johnson. He removed to London in September 1817, studying drawing under Haydon, and anatomy under Sir Charles Bell. Lance, Eastlake, and Landseer were his fellow-pupils with Haydon, for whom he engraved on wood, in imitation of copper-plate, the large block of the ‘Assassination of Dentatus.’ This, at the time of its production, was probably the most ambitious block which had been cut in England. After the death in 1822 of John Thurston, the chief designer on wood in London, Harvey abandoned engraving for design, becoming speedily as popular as he was facile, although he grew with time unpleasantly mannered. One of his earliest works was his illustrations to Henderson's ‘History of Ancient and Modern Wines,’ 1824. Among his other efforts may be mentioned ‘The Tower Menagerie,’ 1828; ‘Zoological Gardens,’ 1830–1; ‘Children in the Wood,’ 1831; ‘Blind Beggar of Bethnal Green,’ 1832; ‘Story without an End,’ ‘Pictorial Prayer Book,’ ‘Bible,’ ‘Pilgrim's Progress,’ ‘Shakespeare,’ and many other of the innumerable issues of Charles Knight's untiring press. ‘The history of wood engraving,’ says a writer in the ‘Art Union’ for 1839, ‘for some years past, is almost a record of the works of his [Harvey's] pencil.’ His masterpieces are his illustrations to ‘Northcote's Fables,’ 1828–33, and to Lane's ‘Thousand and One Nights,’ 1838–40, in the latter of which he worked under the eye of the translator himself (who assisted him with indications of costume and accessories), and his somewhat florid style was not unsuited to


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Aaron


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Andro


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Andrew Searle


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Anthony


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, George Vaughan


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Henry (fl.1549)


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 and the spiritual, and we must lose the one before we can participate in the other.

In their extreme forms, of pure naturalism and pure salvationism, the two types are violently contrasted; though here as in most other current classifications, the radical extremes are somewhat ideal abstractions, and the concrete human beings whom we oftenest meet are intermediate varieties and mixtures. Practically, however, you all recognize the difference: you understand, for example, the disdain of the methodist convert for the mere sky-blue healthy-minded moralist; and you likewise enter into the aversion of the latter to what seems to him the diseased subjectivism of the Methodist, dying to live, as he calls it, and making of paradox and the inversion of natural appearances the essence of God's truth.

The psychological basis of the twice-born character seems to be a certain discordancy or heterogeneity in the native temperament of the subject, an incompletely unified moral and intellectual constitution.

"Homo duplex, homo duplex!" writes Alphonse Daudet. "The first time that I perceived that I was two was at the death of my brother Henri, when my father cried out so dramatically, 'He is dead, he is dead!' While my first self wept, my second self thought, 'How truly given was that cry, how fine it would be at the theatre.' I was then fourteen years old

"This horrible duality has often given me matter for reflection. Oh, this terrible second me, always seated whilst the other is on foot, acting, living, suffering, bestirring itself. This


text: Bankrupts Act 1706

title: Bankrupts Act 1706


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Henry George


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, James (fl.1633)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, James (1663-1729)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, John (d.1574)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, John (d.1586)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Joseph (1712?-1768)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Joseph Binns


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Philip


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Solomon Alexander


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hartog, Numa Edward


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hartopp, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hartry, Malachy


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harty, William


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvard, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Beauchamp Bagenal


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Christopher


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Daniel Whittle


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Edmond


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Edmund George


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Edward


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Eliab


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Gabriel


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, George


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 second me that I have never been able to intoxicate, to make shed tears, or put to sleep. And how it sees into things, and how it mocks!"

Recent works on the psychology of character have had much to say upon this point. Some persons are born with an inner constitution which is harmonious and well balanced from the outset. Their impulses are consistent with one another, their will follows without trouble the guidance of their intellect, their passions are not excessive, and their lives are little haunted by regrets. Others are oppositely constituted; and are so in degrees which may vary from something so slight as to result in a merely odd or whimsical inconsistency, to a discordancy of which the consequences may be inconvenient in the extreme. Of the more innocent kinds of heterogeneity I find a good example in Mrs. Annie Besant's autobiography.

"I have ever been the queerest mixture of weakness and strength, and have paid heavily for the weakness. As a child I used to suffer tortures of shyness, and if my shoe-lace was untied would feel shamefacedly that every eye was fixed on the unlucky string; as a girl I would shrink away from strangers and think myself unwanted and unliked, so that I was full of eager gratitude to any one who noticed me kindly; as the young mistress of a house I was afraid of my servants, and would let careless work pass rather than bear the pain of reproving the ill-doer; when I have been lecturing and debating with no lack of spirit on the platform, I have preferred to go without what I wanted at the hotel rather than to ring and make the waiter fetch it. Combative on the platform in defense of any cause I cared for, I shrink from quarrel or disapproval in the house, and am a coward at heart in private while a good


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Gideon


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Henry (d.1585)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Henry (1737-1810)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, John (1563?-1592)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, John (1740-1794)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, John (1772-1837)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Margaret


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Richard


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Thomas (1775-1811)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, Thomas (1812-1884)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, William (d.1567)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harvey, William (1578-1657)


text:
Page:The varieties of religious experience, a study in human nature.djvu/185

 fighter in public. How often have I passed unhappy quarters of an hour screwing up my courage to find fault with some subordinate whom my duty compelled me to reprove, and how often have I jeered at myself for a fraud as the doughty platform combatant, when shrinking from blaming some lad or lass for doing their work badly. An unkind look or word has availed to make me shrink into myself as a snail into its shell, while, on the platform, opposition makes me speak my best."

This amount of inconsistency will only count as amiable weakness; but a stronger degree of heterogeneity may make havoc of the subject's life. There are persons whose existence is little more than a series of zigzags, as now one tendency and now another gets the upper hand. Their spirit wars with their flesh, they wish for incompatibles, wayward impulses interrupt their most deliberate plans, and their lives are one long drama of repentance and of effort to repair misdemeanors and mistakes.

Heterogeneous personality has been explained as the result of inheritance—the traits of character of incompatible and antagonistic ancestors are supposed to be preserved alongside of each other. This explanation may pass for what it is worth—it certainly needs corroboration. But whatever the cause of heterogeneous personality may be, we find the extreme examples of it in the psychopathic temperament, of which I spoke in my first lecture. All writers about that temperament make the inner heterogeneity prominent in their descriptions. Frequently, indeed, it is only this trait that leads us to ascribe that temperament to a man at all. A 'dégénéré supérieur' is simply a man of sensibility in many directions, who finds more difficulty than is common in