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Rh power along the sea frontage of the Indies was based on the man-power of the distant islands in West Europe, and was made available in the East by the mobility of British ships. Obviously there were two critical points in the alternative voyages round from West to East; those points we know to-day as the 'Cape' and the 'Canal.' The Cape lay far removed from all overland threat throughout the nineteenth century; practically South Africa was an island. The Canal was not opened until 1869, but its construction was an event which cast its shadow before. It was the Frenchman, Napoleon, who gave to Egypt, and therefore also to Palestine, its modern importance, just as it was the Frenchman Dupleix, who, in the eighteenth century, showed that it was possible to build an empire in India from the coast inward, on the ruins of the Mogul Empire which had been built from Delhi outward. Both ideas, that of Napoleon and that of Dupleix, were essentially ideas of sea-power, and sprang not unnaturally from France in the Peninsula of West Europe. By his expedition to Egypt Napoleon drew the British Fleet to the battle of the Nile in the Mediterranean, and also drew the British Army from India, for the first time, overseas


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174 to the Nile Valley. When, therefore, Russian power in the Heartland increased, the eyes both of Britain and France were necessarily directed towards Suez, those of Britain for obvious practical reasons, and those of France partly for the sentimental reason of the great Napoleonic tradition, but also because the freedom of the Mediterranean was essential to her comfort in the Western Peninsula.

But Russian land-power did not reach, in the eyes of people of that time, as far as to threaten Arabia. The natural European exit from the Heartland was by the sea-way through the Straits of Constantinople. We have seen how Rome drew her frontier through the Black Sea, and made Constantinople a local base of her Mediterranean sea-power against the Scythians of the steppes. Russia, under Czar Nicholas, sought to invert this policy, and, by commanding the Black Sea and its southward exit, aimed at extending her land-power to the Dardanelles. The effect was inevitably to unite West Europe against her. So it happened that when Russian intrigue had involved Britain in the First Afghan War in 1839, Britain could not view with equanimity the encampment of a Russian Army on the Bosporus in order to defend the Sultan from the attack, through

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376

of granted, and of the sums which may be applied as appropriations in aid in addition thereto, to defray the charges of the several Civil Services herein particularly mentioned, which will come in course of payment during the year ending on the 3lst day of March 1897; vis.:—


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Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 7.djvu/66

34 And Satan had taken it much amiss,

They should fasten such a piece on a friend of his—

Though he knew that his works were somewhat sad,

He never had found them quite so bad:

For this was "the book" which, of yore, Job, sorely smitten,

Said, "Oh that mine enemy, mine enemy had written"!

27.

Then he found sixty scribblers in separate cells,

And marvelled what they were doing,

For they looked like little fiends in their own little hells,

Damnation for others brewing—

Though their paper seemed to shrink, from the heat of their ink,

They were only coolly reviewing!

And as one of them wrote down the pronoun "We,"

"That Plural"—says Satan—"means him and me,

With the Editor added to make up the three

Of an Athanasian Trinity,

And render the believers in our 'Articles' sensible,

How many must combine to form one Incomprehensible"! December 9, 1813.

[Stanzas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, first published, Letters and Journals, 1830, i. 471-474: stanzas 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19-27, now published for the first time from an autograph MS. in the possession of the Earl of Ilchester.]


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30 But there now was a "call" and accomplished debaters

Appeared in the glory of hats, boots and gaiters—

Some paid rather more—but all worse dressed than Waiters!

20.

There was Canning for War, and Whitbread for peace,

And others as suited their fancies;

But all were agreed that our debts should increase

Excepting the Demagogue Francis.

That rogue! how could Westminster chuse him again

To leaven the virtue of these honest men!

But the Devil remained till the Break of Day

Blushed upon Sleep and Lord Castlereagh:

Then up half the house got, and Satan got up

With the drowsy to snore—or the hungry to sup:—

But so torpid the power of some speakers, 't is said,

That they sent even him to his brimstone bed.

21.

He had seen George Rose—but George was grown dumb,

And only lied in thought!

And the Devil has all the pleasure to come

Of hearing him talk as he ought.


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Rh With the falsest of tongues, the sincerest of men—

His veracity were but deceit—

And Nature must first have unmade him again,

Ere his breast or his face, or his tongue, or his pen,

Conceived—uttered—looked—or wrote down letters ten,

Which Truth would acknowledge complete.

22.

Satan next took the army list in hand,

Where he found a new "Field Marshal;"

And when he saw this high command

Conferred on his Highness of Cumberland,

"Oh! were I prone to cavil—or were I not the Devil,

I should say this was somewhat partial;

Since the only wounds that this Warrior gat,

Were from God knows whom—and the Devil knows what!"

23.

He then popped his head in a royal Ball,

And saw all the Haram so hoary;


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32 And who there besides but Corinna de Staël!

Turned Methodist and Tory!

"Aye—Aye"—quoth he—"'t is the way with them all,

When Wits grow tired of Glory:

But thanks to the weakness, that thus could pervert her,

Since the dearest of prizes to me 's a deserter:

Mem—whenever a sudden conversion I want,

To send to the school of Philosopher Kant;

And whenever I need a critic who can gloss over

All faults—to send for Mackintosh to write up the Philosopher."

24.

The Devil waxed faint at the sight of this Saint,

And he thought himself of eating;

And began to cram from a plate of ham

Wherewith a Page was retreating—

Having nothing else to do (for "the friends" each so near

Had sold all their souls long before),


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Rh As he swallowed down the bacon he wished himself a Jew

For the sake of another crime more:

For Sinning itself is but half a recreation,

Unless it ensures most infallible Damnation.

25.

But he turned him about, for he heard a sound

Which even his ear found faults in;

For whirling above—underneath—and around—

Were his fairest Disciples Waltzing!

And quoth he—"though this be—the premier pas to me,

Against it I would warn all—

Should I introduce these revels among my younger devils,

They would all turn perfectly carnal:

And though fond of the flesh—yet I never could bear it

Should quite in my kingdom get the upper hand of Spirit."

26.

The Devil (but 't was over) had been vastly glad

To see the new Drury Lane,

And yet he might have been rather mad

To see it rebuilt in vain;

And had he beheld their "Nourjahad,"

Would never have gone again:


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1896.

of granted and of the sums which may be applied as appropriations in aid in addition thereto, to defray the charges of the several herein particularly mentioned, which will come in course of payment duiing the year ending on the Slst day of March 1897 ; viz.:—


text: The New International Encyclopædia/Scott, Austin


text:
Letters of Julian/Letter 11

11. To Leontius
[361 From Naissa or Constantinople] The Thurian historian said that men's ears are less to be trusted than their eyes. But in your case I hold the opposite opinion from this, since here my ears are more trustworthy than my eyes. For not if I had seen you ten times would I have trusted my eyes as I now trust my ears, instructed as I have been by a man who is in no wise capable of speaking falsely, that, while in all respects you show yourself a man, you surpass yourself in your achievements "with hand and foot," as Homer says. I therefore entrust you with the employment of arms, and have despatched to you a complete suit of armour such as is adapted for the infantry. Moreover I have enrolled you in my household corps.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 11


text:
Letters of Julian/Letter 12

12. To the philosopher Maximus
[End of 361 or early in 362. From Constantinople] There is a tradition that Alexander of Macedon used to sleep with Homer's poems under his pillow, in order that by night as well as by day he might busy himself with his martial writings. But I sleep with your letters as though they were healing drugs of some sort, and I do not cease to read them constantly as though they w ere newly written and had only just come into my hands. Therefore if you are willing to furnish me with intercourse by means of letters, as a semblance of your own society, write, and do not cease to do so continually. Or rather come, with heaven's help, and consider that while you are away I cannot be said to be alive, except in so far as I am able to read what you have written.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 12


text:
Letters of Julian/Letter 13

13. To Hermogenes, formerly Prefect of Egypt
[361, Dec.? Constantinople] Suffer me to say, in the language of the poetical rhetoricians, O how little hope had I of safety! O how little hope had I of hearing that you had escaped the three-headed hydra! Zeus be my witness that I do not mean my brother Constantius — nay, he was what he was — but the wild beasts who surrounded him and cast their baleful eyes on all men; for they made him even harsher than he was by nature, though on his own account he was by no means of a mild disposition, although he seemed so to many. But since he is now one of the blessed dead, may the earth lie lightly on him, as the saying is! Nor should I wish, Zeus be my witness, that these others should be punished unjustly; but since many accusers are rising up against them, I have appointed a court to judge them. Do you, my friend, come hither, and hasten, even if it task your strength. For, by the gods, I have long desired to see you, and, now that I have learned to my great joy that you are safe and sound, I bid you come.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 13


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Letters of Julian/Letter 14

==14. To Prohaeresius == [End of 361 or early in 362. Constantinople] Why should I not address the excellent Prohaeresius, a man who has poured forth his eloquence on the young as rivers pour their floods over the plain; who rivals Pericles in his discourses, except that he does not agitate and embroil Greece? But you must not be surprised that I have imitated Spartan brevity in writing to you. For though it becomes sages like you to compose very long and impressive discourses, from me to you even a few words are enough. Moreover you must know that from all quarters at once I am inundated by affairs. As for the causes of my return, if you are going to write an historical account I will make a very precise report for you, and will hand over to you the letters, as written evidence. But if you have resolved to devote your energies to the last, till old age, to your rhetorical studies and exercises, you will perhaps not reproach me for my silence.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 14


text:
Letters of Julian/Letter 15

15. To Bishop Aetius
[362 Jan Constantinople] I have remitted their sentence of exile for all in common who were banished in whatever fashion by Constantius of blessed memory, on account of the folly of the Galilaeans. But in your case, I not only remit your exile, but also, since I am mindful of our old acquaintance and intercourse, I invite you to come to me. You will use a public conveyance as far as my headquarters, and one extra horse.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 15