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Letters of Julian/Letter 58

==58. To Libanius, Sophist and Quaestor == [363, Mar. 10, from Hierapolis] I travelled as far as Litarbae, — it is a village of Chalcis, — and came on a road that still had the remains of a winter camp of Antioch. The road, I may say, was partly swamp, partly hill, but the whole of it was rough, and in the swamp lay stones which looked as though they had been thrown there purposely, as they lay together without any art, after the fashion followed also by those who build public highways in cities and instead of cement make a deep layer of soil and then lay the stones close together as though they were making a boundary-wall. When I had passed over this with some difficulty and arrived at my first halting-place it was about the ninth hour, and then I received at my headquarters the greater part of your senate. You have perhaps learned already what we said to one another, and, if it be the will of heaven, you shall know it from my own lips.

From Litarbae I proceeded to Beroea, and there Zeus by showing a manifest sign from heaven declared all things to be auspicious. I stayed there for a day and saw the Acropolis and sacrificed to Zeus in imperial fashion a white bull. Also I conversed briefly with the senate about the worship of the gods. But though they all applauded my arguments very few were converted by them, and these few were men who even before I spoke seemed to me to hold sound views. But they were cautious and would not strip off and lay aside their modest reserve, as though afraid of too frank speech. For it is the prevailing habit of mankind, O ye gods, to blush for their noble qualities, manliness of soul and piety, and to plume themselves, as it were, on what is most depraved, sacrilege and weakness of mind and body.

Next, Batnae entertained me, a place like nothing that I have ever seen in your country, except Daphne; but that is now very like Batnae, though not long ago, while the temple and statue were still unharmed, I should not have hesitated to compare Daphne with Ossa and Pelion or the peaks of Olympus, or Thessalian Tempe, or even to have preferred it to all of them put together. But you have composed an Oration on Daphne such as no other man "of such sort as mortals now are" could achieve, even though he used his utmost energies on the task, yes, and I think not very many of the ancient writers either. Why then should I try to write about it now, when so brilliant a monody has been composed in its honour? Would that none had been needed! However, to return to Batnae. Its name is barbarous but the place is Hellenic; I say so because through all the country round about the fumes of frankincense arose on all sides, and I saw everywhere victims ready for sacrifice. But though this gave me very great pleasure, nevertheless it looked to me like overheated zeal, and alien to proper reverence for the gods. For things that are sacred to the gods and holy ought to be away from the beaten track and performed in peace and quiet, so that men may resort thither to that end alone and not on the way to some other business. But this matter will perhaps before long receive the attention that is appropriate.

Batnae I saw to be a thickly wooded plain containing groves of young cypresses; and among these there was no old or decaying trunk, but all alike were in vigorous leafage. The imperial lodging was by no means sumptuous, for it was made only of clay and logs and had no decOrations; but its garden, though inferior to that of Alcinous, was comparable to the garden of Laertes. In it was a quite small grove full of cypresses and along the wall many trees of this sort have been planted in a row one after the other. Then in the middle were beds, and in these, vegetables and trees bearing fruits of all sorts. What did I do there, you ask? I sacrificed in the evening and again at early dawn, as I am in the habit of doing practically every day. And since the omens were favourable, we kept on to Hierapolis where the inhabitants came to meet us. Here I am being entertained by a friend who, though I have only lately met him for the first time has long been dear to me. I know that you yourself are well aware of the reason, but for all that it gives me pleasure to tell you. For it is like nectar to me to hear and to speak of these things continually. Sopater, the pupil of the god-like Iamblichus, was a relative by marriage of this Sopater. Not to love even as myself all that belonged to those men is in my opinion equivalent to the lowest baseness. But there is another more powerful reason than this. Though he often entertained my cousin and my half-brother and was often urged by them, naturally enough, to abandon his piety towards the gods, and though this is hard to withstand, he was not infected with this disease.

Thus much, then, I was able to write to you from Hierapolis about my own affairs. But as regards the military or political arrangements, you ought, I think, to have been present to observe and pay attention to them yourself. For, as you well know, the matter is too long for a letter, in fact so vast that if one considered it in detail it would not be easy to confine it to a letter even three times as long as this. But I will tell you of these matters also, summarily, and in a very few words. I sent an embassy to the Saracens and suggested that they could come if they wished. That is one affair of the sort I have mentioned. For another, I despatched men as wide-awake as I could obtain that they might guard against anyone's leaving here secretly to go to the enemy and inform them that we are on the move. After that I held a court martial and, I am convinced, showed in my decision the utmost clemency and justice. I have procured excellent horses and mules and have mustered all my forces together. The boats to be used on the river are laden with corn, or rather with baked bread and sour wine. You can understand at what length I should have to write in order to describe how every detail of this business was worked out and what discussions arose over every one of them. As for the number of letters I have signed, and papers, — for these too follow me everywhere like my shadow, — why should I take the trouble to enumerate them now?

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 58


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Letters of Julian/Letter 59

==59. To Maximus the Philosopher == We are told in the myth that the eagle, when he would test which of his brood are genuine, carries them still unfledged into the upper air and exposes them to the rays of the sun, to the end that he may become, by the testimony of the god, the sire of a true nursling and disown any spurious offspring. Even so I submit my speeches to you as though to Hermes the god of eloquence; and, if they can bear the test of being heard by you, it rests with you to decide concerning them whether they are fit to take flight to other men also. But if they are not, then fling them away as though disowned by the Muses, or plunge them in a river as bastards. Certainly the Rhine does not mislead the Celts, for it sinks deep in its eddies their bastard infants, like a fitting avenger of an adulterous bed; but all those that it recognises to be of pure descent it supports on the surface of the water and gives them back to the arms of the trembling mother, thus rewarding her with the safety of her child as incorruptible evidence that her marriage is pure and without reproach.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 59


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User talk:Simon Burchell

Welcome
Welcome

Hello, Simon Burchell, and welcome to Wikisource! Thank you for. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
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Again, welcome! Mpaa (talk) 23:42, 7 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the welcome... Simon Burchell (talk) 23:43, 7 December 2012 (UTC)

Index:History of the Spanish Conquest of Yucatan and of the Itzas.pdf
Hi. It is generally better to fix the missing text layer in the source file before starting to work. You can generate the text layer using an online OCR converter and re-uploading the file to Commons. Bye--Mpaa (talk) 23:45, 7 December 2012 (UTC)

The mysterious Header toggle button
When proofreading in the Page: namespace and you have your toolbar turned on in "my preferences" (Show edit toolbar (requires JavaScript)), then you will see the button in your toolbar, and clicking it toggles the header/footer on and off. In this space we put the relevant components for top and bottoms of pages, usually by use of the template RunningHeader, so for example produces Personally, I have my header/footer set to open in the Page: namespace and I achieved this by activating that option in my preferences (Show header and footer fields when editing in the Page namespace.) — billinghurst  sDrewth  00:38, 16 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that, very helpful and ends up looking a lot better than what I was doing... Simon Burchell (talk) 12:04, 16 December 2012 (UTC)

Index:Guatimala or the United Provinces of Central America in 1827-8.pdf
Hi. Might be wrong but I think this file is flawed. It looks like page 3-9 are missing. Page:Guatimala or the United Provinces of Central America in 1827-8.pdf/14 is page 2, while Page:Guatimala or the United Provinces of Central America in 1827-8.pdf/15 is page 10. My advice is to stop proofreading it until this is sorted out. It will create more work than benefit.--Mpaa (talk) 23:09, 25 December 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I've checked it against an independent non-Google scan at archive.org and it appears that no pages are missing. I'm not sure what that "2" is at the beginning of the chapter - but the page 10 onwards actually continues the numbering sequence from the earlier pages numbered with Roman numerals - so the Preface is vii, second page preface is viii, Part I Chapter I has the "2" for some reason, then numbering continues with 10, 11 etc. It's also worth noting that page 17 has a number "3" at the foot of the page - I think they must be printers' marks. BTW thanks for formatting the contents of the Spanish Conquest of Yucatan and of the Itzas - it's looking much better now. Simon Burchell (talk) 23:25, 25 December 2012 (UTC)

 * @@@@@@@@ to catch any administrator's attention so that he will know to add a text layer. —Maury (talk) 08:03, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

Ooops - sorry, I just saw @@@@@@@@@@@@ suddenly appearing on all the OCR pages I was creating... Simon Burchell (talk) 08:04, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

 * That was a goof-up I did placing some of the @@@ inside the Index page but I thought that book was abandoned because of no text layers.

Image and Text Size

 * Anyhow, about image size and text size. The 1st below is what you had and the second one is what I changed it to. Please look at the code on both. —Maury (talk) 08:46, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

PLATE III. LAKE PETEN AND FLORES

 * Thanks - I just couldn't find any recommended image size over at the MOS; and at Wikipedia, where I live, you tend to get jumped on for forcing image sizes... Simon Burchell (talk) 09:03, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

 * One of the several wonderful administrators here, calls himself Beeswaxcandle. It was he who told me to make the images the "same size." However, over time when I was validating other people's works, I saw larger images which naturally show more details. I therefore started making some images larger. Using what I did it is easy to adjust the image size to what you prefer. Beeswaxcandle is unfortunately in the hospital (I think) at this time. I do know he is ill. He is very kind and helpful to everyone. He lives in New Zealand. —Maury (talk) 18:18, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

Simon Says........
Simon, after reading your user page I wish to introduce you to a friend of mine who has the same likes as you do including archaeology. He speaks English, Spanish, and a few other languages. He was born near and lives in Mexico. He has completed several fine works on Mexico including one that was a "Featured Text of the Month." His name is Raul. Don't be shy and tell him, Simon says "Hi". He is easy to make friends with and is very intelligent. Take a look at his pages: http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/User:Gumr51

Kindest regards, —Maury (talk) 19:21, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

 * Hmmm, sounds familiar, it may be that our paths have crossed on Wikipedia in the past, though certainly not recently. Simon Burchell (talk) 19:47, 27 December 2012 (UTC)

Moved roman numeral chapters to arabic numerals
Hi. Several years ago the community moved to an agreed opinion that we would utilise arabic numbers for chapter/appendix/... on newly added works unless there was a strong reason to keep a particular work on the style used in the work. It was seen that this would better future proof the wiki and allow us to put in (deeper) links for works that may come into the future. For your recent work I have moved the pages and updated the links. To also note that we don't manually add links to the page: namespace in tables of content. The page numbers should either be left bare, or if you really want to link them then you can use a template like DjVu page link which has limited namespace linking. — billinghurst  sDrewth  05:06, 13 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks, duly noted. All the best, Simon Burchell (talk) 08:22, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Simon Burchell


text:
Letters of Julian/Letter 60

==60. To Eugenius the Philosopher== We are told that Daedalus dared to do violence to nature by his art, and moulded wings of wax for Icarus. But for my part, though I applaud him for his art, I cannot admire his judgement. For he is the only man who ever had the courage to entrust the safety of his son to soluble wax. But if it were granted me, in the words of the famous lyric poet of Teos, to change my nature to a bird's, I should certainly not "fly to Olympus for Love," — no, not even to lodge a complaint against him — but I should fly to the very foothills of your mountains to embrace "thee, my darling," as Sappho says. But since nature has confined me in the prison of a human body and refuses to lighten and raise me aloft, I approach you with such wings as I possess, the wings of words, and I write to you, and am with you in such fashion as I can. Surely for this reason and this only Homer calls words "winged," that they are able to go to and fro in every direction, darting where they will, like the swiftest of birds. But do you for your part write to me too, my friend! For you possess an equal if not a larger share of the plumage of words, with which you are able to travel to your friends and from wherever you may be, just as though you were present, to cheer them.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 60


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Letters of Julian/Letter 61

==61. To Sopater == It is an occasion to rejoice the more when one has the chance to address friends through an intimate friend. For then it is not only by what you write that you unite the image of your own soul with your readers. And this is what I myself am doing. For when I despatched the custodian of my children, Antiochus, to you, I could not bear to leave you without a word of greeting. So that if you want to have news of me, you can have from him information of a more intimate sort. And if you care at all for your admirers, as I believe you do care, you will prove it by never missing an opportunity while you are able to write.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 61


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Letters of Julian/Letter 62

==62. To Eucleides the Philosopher == Nay, when did you ever leave me, so that I need to write, or when do I not behold you with the eyes of the soul as though you were here with me? For not only do I seem to be with you continually and to converse with you, but I pay attention to my duties now just as zealously as when you were here to guide me. But if you do wish me to write to you, just as though you were not here, then take care that you do not yourself create the impression of not being with me all the more by your very wish that I should write. However, if you do really find pleasure in it I am willing to obey you in this also. At any rate, by your request, you will, as the proverb says, lead a galloping horse into the plain. Come then, see that you return like for like, and in answer to my counter-summons do not grow weary of the unbroken series of letters exchanged between us. And yet I have no wish to hinder the zeal that you display on behalf of the public welfare, nevertheless, in proportion as I keep you free for the pursuit of noble studies, I shall be thought, far from injuring it, to benefit the whole body of Hellenes at once, that is to say, if I leave you like a young and well-bred dog without interference, free to give all your time to tracking down, with a mind wholly free from all else, the art of writing discourses; but if you possess such swiftness that you need neither neglect your friends nor slacken in those other pursuits, come, take both courses and run at full speed!

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 62


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Marcou, Jules

MARCOU,, Jules, American geologist: b. Salins, France, 20 April 1824; d. Cambridge, Mass., 17 April 1898. He studied at Besançon and the Collége de Saint Louis in Paris; devoted himself to geology after several journeys through Switzerland, in which he made the acquaintance of Jules Thurmann, to whom he owed an introduction to Louis Agassiz. In 1846, after taking part in the geological survey of the Jura Mountains, he was appointed assistant mineralogist in the Sorbonne; in 1848 having been appointed traveling geologist to the Jardin des Plantes came to America, explored the Lake Superior Country together with Agassiz and made wide and important geological studies in Virginia, Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and after several trips back to Europe settled in Cambridge, where he assisted Agassiz in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, From 1853 to 1855 he was in government employ, and from 1875 till shortly before his death was again in the service. Marcou made a section map of the 35th parallel from the Mississippi to the Pacific, and published ‘Geological Map of the United States and British Provinces of North America’ (1853); ‘A Catalogue of Geological Maps of America’ (1884); ‘Geology of North America’ (1858); ‘Life, Letters and Works of Louis Agassiz’ (1896).


text:
Letters of Julian/Letter 63

63. To Hecebolius
Pindar thinks that the Muses are "silvery," and it is as though he likened the clearness and splendour of their art to the substance that shines most brilliantly. And the wise Homer calls silver "shining," and gives to water the epithet "silvery" because it gleams with the very brightness of the reflected image of the sun, as though under its direct rays. And Sappho the fair says that the moon is "silvery," and that because of this it dims the radiance of the other stars. Similarly one might imagine silver to be more appropriate to the gods than gold; but that to man, at any rate, silver is more precious than gold and more familiar to them because it is not, like gold, hidden under the earth and does not avoid their eyes, but is both beautiful to the eye and more serviceable in daily life, — this, I say, is not my own theory but was held by men of old. If, therefore, in return for the gold coin sent by you I give you a piece of silver of equal value, think not that the favour is less and do not imagine that, as with Glaucus, the exchange is to your disadvantage; for perhaps not even Diomede would have exchanged silver armour for golden, seeing that the former is far more serviceable than the latter, and like lead well fitted to turn the points of spears. All this I am saying in jest, and I take the cue for my freedom of speech to you from what you write yourself. But if you really wish to send me gifts more precious than gold, write, and keep on writing regularly. For even a short letter from you I hold to be more precious than any other blessing that one could name.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 63


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Letters of Julian/Letter 64

==64. To Lucian the Sophist == Not only do I write to you but I demand to receive payment in kind. And if I treat you ill by writing continually, then I beg you to ill-treat me in return and make me suffer in the same way.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 64


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Letters of Julian/Letter 65

==65. To Elpidius, a Philosopher == Even a short letter gives more pleasure when the writer's affection can be measured by the greatness of his soul rather than by the meagre proportions of what he writes. So that if I now address you briefly, do not even so conclude that the accompanying affection is equally slight, but since you know the full extent of my love for you, forgive the brevity of my letter and do not hesitate to answer me in one equally short. For whatever you send me, however trifling, keeps alive in my mind a remembrance of all that is good.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 65


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Letters of Julian/Letter 66

==66. To George, a Revenue Official == Well, let us grant that Echo is a goddess, as you say she is, and a chatterbox, and, if you like, the wife of Pan also; for I shall not object. And even though nature would fain inform me that Echo is only the sound of the voice answering back when the air is struck, and bent back upon that which is opposite the ear that hears it, nevertheless, since I put my faith in the account given by men both ancient and modern, and in your own account no less, I am abashed into admitting that Echo is a goddess. What, in any case, would that matter to me, if only, in my expressions of friendship towards you, I excel Echo in a considerable degree? For she does not reply to all the sounds that she hears, but rather to the last syllables uttered by the voice, like a grudging sweetheart who returns her lover's kisses with the merest touch of her lips. I, on the other hand, in my correspondence with you, lead off sweetly, and then again, in reply to your challenge, I return you like for like as though I threw back a ball. Therefore you cannot be too quick in recognising that your letters put you in default, and that it is yourself, since you receive more and give back very little, whom you consign to the similitude of the figure, and not me, since I am eager to score off you in both ways. However, whether you give in just the same degree as you receive, or not, whatever I am permitted to receive from you is a boon, and is credited as sufficient to balance the whole.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 66


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Letters of Julian/Letter 67

67. To George, a Revenue Official
"Thou hast come, Telemachus!" as the verse says, but in your letters I have already seen you and the image of your noble soul, and have received the impression thereof as of an imposing device on a small seal. For it is possible for much to be revealed in little. Nay even Pheidias the wise artist not only became famous for his statue at Olympia or at Athens, but he knew also how to confine a work of great art within the limits of a small piece of sculpture; for instance, they say that his grasshopper and bee, and, if you please, his fly also, were of this sort; for every one of these, though naturally composed of bronze, through his artistic skill became a living thing. In those works, however, the very smallness of the living models perhaps contributed the appearance of reality to his skilful art; and do you, please, look at his Alexander hunting on horseback, for its whole measurement is no larger than a fingernail. Yet the marvellous skill of the workmanship is so lavished on every detail that Alexander at one and the same time strikes his quarry and intimidates the spectator, scaring him by his whole bearing, while the horse, reared on the very tips of his hoofs, is about to take a step and leave the pedestal, and by creating the illusion of vigorous action is endowed with movement by the artist's skill. This is exactly the effect that you have on me, my excellent friend. For after having been crowned often, already, as victor over the whole course, so to speak, in the lists of Hermes, the God of Eloquence, you now display the highest pitch of excellence in a few written words. And in very truth you imitate Homer's Odysseus, who, by merely saying who he was, was able to dazzle the Phaeacians. But if even from me you require some of what you call "friendly smoke," I shall not begrudge it. Surely the mouse who saved the lion in the fable is proof enough that something useful may come even from one's inferiors.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 67


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Page:The varieties of religious experience, a study in human nature.djvu/140

 immediate and great exhaustion. I had been under the care of doctors of the highest standing both in Europe and America, men in whose power to help me I had had great faith, with no or ill result. Then, at a time when I seemed to be rather rapidly losing ground, I heard some things that gave me interest enough in mental healing to make me try it; I had no great hope of getting any good from it—it was a chance I tried, partly because my thought was interested by the new possibility it seemed to open, partly because it was the only chance I then could see. I went to X. in Boston, from whom some friends of mine had got, or thought that they had got, great help; the treatment was a silent one; little was said, and that little carried no conviction to my mind; whatever influence was exerted was that of another person's thought or feeling silently projected on to my unconscious mind, into my nervous system as it were, as we sat still together. I believed from the start in the possibility of such action, for I knew the power of the mind to shape, helping or hindering, the body's nerve-activities, and I thought telepathy probable, although unproved, but I had no belief in it as more than a possibility, and no strong conviction nor any mystic or religious faith connected with my thought of it that might have brought imagination strongly into play.

I sat quietly with the healer for half an hour each day, at first with no result; then, after ten days or so, I became quite suddenly and swiftly conscious of a tide of new energy rising within me, a sense of power to pass beyond old halting-places, of power to break the bounds that, though often tried before, had long been veritable walls about my life, too high to climb. I began to read and walk as I had not done for years, and the change was sudden, marked, and unmistakable. This tide seemed to mount for some weeks, three or four perhaps, when, summer having come, I came away, taking the treatment up again a few months later. The lift I got proved permanent, and left me slowly gaining ground instead of losing it, but with this lift the influence seemed in a way to have spent itself, and, though my confidence in the reality of the power had gained immensely from this first experience, and should have helped me to make further gain in health and strength if my belief in


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Letters of Julian/Letter 68

68. To Dositheus
I am almost in tears — and yet the very utterance of your name ought to have been an auspicious sound, — for I recall to mind our noble and wholly admirable father. If you make it your aim to imitate him, not only will you yourself be happy but also you will give to human life, as he did, an example of which it will be proud. But if you are indolent you will grieve me, and you will blame yourself when blaming will not avail.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 68


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Marcou, Jules


text:
Letters of Julian/Letter 69

69. To Himerius
I could not read without tears the letter which you wrote after your wife's death, in which you told me of your surpassing grief. For not only does the event in itself call for sorrow, when a young and virtuous wife, the joy of her husband's heart, and moreover the mother of precious children, is prematurely snatched away like a torch that has been kindled and shines brightly, and in a little while its flame dies down, but over and above this, the fact that it is you to whom this sorrow has come seems to me to make it still more grievous. For least of all men did our good Himerius deserve to experience any affliction, excellent orator that he is, and of all my friends the best beloved. Moreover, if it were any other man to whom I had to write about this, I should certainly have had to use more words in dealing with it; for instance, I should have said that such an event is the common lot, that we must needs submit, that nothing is gained by excessive grief, and I should have uttered all the other commonplaces considered appropriate for the alleviation of suffering, that is if I were exhorting one who did not know them. But since I think it unbecoming to offer to a man who well knows how to instruct others the sort of argument by which one must school those who are too ignorant for self-control, see now, I will forbear all such phrases; but I will relate to you a fable, or it may be a true story, of a certain wise man, which perhaps is not new to you, though it is probably unfamiliar to most people; and if you will use this and this alone, as though it were a drug to relieve pain, you will find release from your sorrow, as surely as from that cup which the Spartan woman is believed to have offered to Telemachus when his need was as great as your own. Now the story is that when Darius was in great grief for the death of a beautiful wife, Democritus of Abdera could not by any argument succeed in consoling him; and so he promised him that he would bring back the departed to life, if Darius were willing to undertake to supply him with everything necessary for the purpose. Darius bade him spare no expense but take whatever he needed and make good his promise. After waiting a little, Democritus said that he was provided with everything else for carrying out his task, but still needed one thing only, which he himself did not know how to obtain; Darius, however, as King of all Asia, would perhaps find it without difficulty. And when the King asked him what it might be, this great thing which it was possible for only a king to know of, they say that Democritus in reply declared that if he would inscribe on his wife's tomb the names of three persons who had never mourned for anyone, she would straightway come to life again, since she could not disobey the authority of this mystic rite. Then Darius was in a dilemma, and could not find any man who had not had to bear some great sorrow, whereupon Democritus burst out laughing, as was his wont, and said: "Why, then, O most absurd of men, do you mourn without ceasing, as though you were the only man who had ever been involved in so great a grief, you who cannot discover a single person of all who have ever lived who was without his share of personal sorrow?" But though it was necessary to say these things to Darius, a barbarian and a man of no education, the slave both of pleasure and of grief, you, on the other hand, are a Greek, and honour true learning, and you must find your remedy from within; for surely it would be a disgrace to the reasoning faculty if it had not the same potency as time.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 69


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Letters of Julian/Letter 70

==70. To Diogenes == Your son Diogenes, whom I saw after you went away, told me that you had been much irritated with him for some reason that would naturally make a father feel vexed with his child, and he implored me to act as mediator in a reconciliation between him and yourself. Now, if he has committed some error of a mild and not intolerable kind, do you yield to nature, recognise that you are a father, and again turn your thoughts to your child. But if his offence is too serious to admit of immediate forgiveness, it is right for you yourself rather than for me to decide whether you ought to bear even that with a generous spirit and overcome your son's purpose by wiser thoughts, or to entrust the offender's probation to a longer period of discipline.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 70


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/522

502 —continued. § 21. Allowance of succession duty, &c. paid oat of capital before commencement of 57 & 58 Vict. c. 30. 22. Appeal from county court under 57 & 58 Vict. c. 30. s. 10. 23. Amendment of 57 & 58 Vict. c. 30. 88. 18, 23, as to certain heirs of entail in Scotland. 24. Commencement and construction of Part of Act.

25. Rate of income tax for 1896-7. 26. Application of Income Tax Acts. 27. Annual value for the purpose of exemption or abatement from income tax under Schedule B. 28. Appeal by owner of land from assessment to income tax under Schedule A. 29. Assessment of income tax under Schedules A. and B.; and of the inhabited house duty for the year 1896-7. 30. Inspectors or surveyors of taxes to be assessors for income tax under Schedules A. and B. and for inhabited house duty in certain cases.

31. Remission of land tax in excess of one shilling in the pound. 32. Redemption of land tax. 33. Amendment of Land Tax Acts as to facilities for raising redemption money. 34. Forms. 35. Definitions and construction. 36. Application of part of Act to Scotland.

37. Increase of annuity and reduction of rate of interest for the Indian Army Pension Deficiency Fund. 38. As to authorised officer conducting legal proceedings in county court. 39–41. Construction of Act; repeal; short title.

To amend the Fisheries Acts relating to Norfolk and Suffolk. Ch. 18.

To consolidate the Law relating to Friendly and other Societies. Ch. 25. U.K.

§ 1. The registry office. 2. Functions of the central office. 3. Functions of assistant registrars generally. 4. Functions of assistant registrars for Scotland and Ireland. 5. Salaries and expenses. 6. Report of the chief registrar. 7. Deposit of documents.

8, 9. Societies which may be registered ; conditions of registration. 10. Name of society. 11. Acknowledgment of registry. 12. Appeals from refusal to register. 13. Registry of amendments of rules. 14. societies carrying on business in more than one part of the United Kingdom. 15. dividing societies. 16. societies assuring annuities.


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Letters of Julian/Letter 71

==71. To Commander Gregory == Even a short letter from you is enough to provide me with grounds for feeling greatly pleased. Accordingly, since I was exceedingly pleased with what you wrote to me, I in turn send you a letter of the same length, because in my judgement the friendly greetings of comrades ought to be rewarded not by length of letter so much as by magnitude of goodwill.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 71


text:
Letters of Julian/Letter 72

72. To Plutarch
In all respects my bodily health is fairly good, and indeed my state of mind is no less satisfactory. I fancy there can be no better prelude than this to a letter sent from one friend to another. And to what is this the prelude? To a request, of course! And what is the request? It is for letters in return, and in their sentiments may they harmonise with my own letters and bring me similar news from you, and equally auspicious.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 72


text:
Letters of Julian/Letter 73

73. To Maximinus
I have given orders that there shall be ships at Cenchreae. The number of these you will learn from the governor of the Hellenes, but as to how you are to discharge your commission you may now hear from me. It must be without bribery and without delay. I will myself, with the help of the gods, see that you do not repent of having done your duty as I have indicated.

title: Letters of Julian/Letter 73


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 it had been the potent factor there, I never after this got any result at all as striking or as clearly marked as this which came when I made trial of it first, with little faith and doubtful expectation. It is difficult to put all the evidence in such a matter into words, to gather up into a distinct statement all that one bases one's conclusions on, but I have always felt that I had abundant evidence to justify (to myself, at least) the conclusion that I came to then, and since have held to, that the physical change which came at that time was, first, the result of a change wrought within me by a change of mental state; and, secondly, that that change of mental state was not, save in a very secondary way, brought about through the influence of an excited imagination, or a consciously received suggestion of an hypnotic sort. Lastly, I believe that this change was the result of my receiving telepathically, and upon a mental stratum quite below the level of immediate consciousness, a healthier and more energetic attitude, receiving it from another person whose thought was directed upon me with the intention of impressing the idea of this attitude upon me. In my case the disease was distinctly what would be classed as nervous, not organic; but from such opportunities as I have had of observing, I have come to the conclusion that the dividing line that has been drawn is an arbitrary one, the nerves controlling the internal activities and the nutrition of the body throughout; and I believe that the central nervous system, by starting and inhibiting local centres, can exercise a vast influence upon disease of any kind, if it can be brought to bear. In my judgment the question is simply how to bring it to bear, and I think that the uncertainty and remarkable differences in the results obtained through mental healing do but show how ignorant we are as yet of the forces at work and of the means we should take to make them effective. That these results are not due to chance coincidences my observation of myself and others makes me sure; that the conscious mind, the imagination, enters into them as a factor in many cases is doubtless true, but in many others, and sometimes very extraordinary ones, it hardly seems to enter in at all. On the whole I am inclined to think that as the healing action, like the morbid one, springs from the plane


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The New International Encyclopædia/Marcou, Jules

MARCOU,, (1824–98). A French geologist, born in Salins, in the Department of Jura. He was educated in Paris, and, after completing his course at the Collège Saint Louis, made geological excursions through the Alps. In 1846 he was attached to the mineralogical department of the Sorbonne, and conducted geological investigations in various parts of Europe, and from 1848 to 1850 in the United States. For some time he was employed by the United States Government in surveying the Rocky Mountains, but he returned in 1855 to Europe to accept the chair of paleontological geology in the Polytechnic School of Zurich. In 1860 he again visited the United States and was engaged with Prof. Louis Agnssiz in paleontological researches, and afterwards entered the Government service. Profosor Marcou is best known, perhaps, for his works. Recherches géologique sur le Jura salinois (1848), and The Taconic System and Its Position in Stratigraphic Geology (1885). He published many scientific

papers besides the following more important works: Geology of North America (1858); Geological Map of the World (1861); De la science en France (1869); Origin of the Name America (1875); First Discoveries of California, and the Origin of Its Name (1878).


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 of the normally unconscious mind, so the strongest and most effective impressions are those which it receives, in some as yet unknown, subtle way, directly from a healthier mind whose state, through a hidden law of sympathy, it reproduces.

.—At the urgent request of friends, and with no faith and hardly any hope (possibly owing to a previous unsuccessful experience with a Christian Scientist), our little daughter was placed under the care of a healer, and cured of a trouble about which the physician had been very discouraging in his diagnosis. This interested me, and I began studying earnestly the method and philosophy of this method of healing. Gradually an inner peace and tranquillity came to me in so positive a way that my manner changed greatly. My children and friends noticed the change and commented upon it. All feelings of irritability disappeared. Even the expression of my face changed noticeably.

I had been bigoted, aggressive, and intolerant in discussion, both in public and private. I grew broadly tolerant and receptive toward the views of others. I had been nervous and irritable, coming home two or three times a week with a sick headache induced, as I then supposed, by dyspepsia and catarrh. I grew serene and gentle, and the physical troubles entirely disappeared. I had been in the habit of approaching every business interview with an almost morbid dread. I now meet every one with confidence and inner calm.

I may say that the growth has all been toward the elimination of selfishness. I do not mean simply the grosser, more sensual forms, but those subtler and generally unrecognized kinds, such as express themselves in sorrow, grief, regret, envy, etc. It has been in the direction of a practical, working realization of the immanence of God and the Divinity of man's true, inner self.


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/523

A.D. 1896.] —continued. § 17. Registry of societies with branches. 18. Establishment of new branches. 19. Application of previous provisions to branches. 20. Requisites for registry of branches as societies. 21. Name of seceding or expelled branch. 22. Contributions from one society to another. 23. Subscriptions not recoverable at law. 24. Registered office. 25. Appointment of trustees. 26. Audit. 27,28 Annual returns ; quinquennial valuation. 29. Copy of last balance sheet. 30. Public auditors and valuers. 31. Registered cattle insurance and other societies. 32. Exception of societies from corresponding Societies Acts, &c. 33. Exemptions from stamp duty. 34. Transfer of stock standing in name of trustee. 35. Priority on death, bankruptcy, &c. of officer. 36. Membership of minors. 37. Subscriptions to hospitals. 38, 39. Right to supply of copies of rules, and annual return. 40. Inspection of books by members. 41. Limitation of benefits. 42. Accumulation of surplus of contributions. 43. Militiamen and volunteers. 44. Investment of funds. 45. Loans to assured members. 46. " out of separate loan fund. 47. Holding of land. 48. Copyholds. 49. Vesting of property. 50. Devolution on death. 51. Description in legal proceedings. 52. Investments with the National Debt Commissioners. 53. Discharge of mortgages by receipt endorsed. 54,55. Security by, and accounts of, officers. 56. Power of member to dispose of sums payable on his death by nomination. 57. Proceedings on death of a nominator. 58. Intestacy. 59. Estate duty to be paid when the whole estate exceeds one hundred pounds. 60. Validity of payments. 61. Certificates of death. 62. Limitation of amount payable. 63. Person to whom payment may be made. 64. Particulars of certificates. 65. Cases in which certificates may be given. 66. Inquiries by societies. 67. Saving as to insurable interests &c.


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128 categorically condemns repentance. When men make mistakes, he says,—

Within the Christian body, for which repentance of sins has from the beginning been the critical religious act, healthy-mindedness has always come forward with its milder interpretation. Repentance according to such healthy-minded Christians means getting away from the sin, not groaning and writhing over its commission. The Catholic practice of confession and absolution is in one of its aspects little more than a systematic method of keeping healthy-mindedness on top. By it a man's accounts with evil are periodically squared and audited, so that he may start the clean page with no old debts inscribed. Any Catholic will tell us how clean and fresh and free he feels after the purging operation. Martin Luther by no means belonged to the healthy-minded type in the radical sense in which we have discussed it, and he repudiated priestly absolution for sin. Yet in this matter of repentance he had some very healthy-minded


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Rh ideas, due in the main to the largeness of his conception of God.

"When I was a monk," he says, "I thought that I was utterly cast away, if at any time I felt the lust of the flesh: that is to say, if I felt any evil motion, fleshly lust, wrath, hatred, or envy against any brother. I assayed many ways to help to quiet my conscience, but it would not be; for the concupiscence and lust of my flesh did always return, so that I could not rest, but was continually vexed with these thoughts: This or that sin thou hast committed: thou art infected with envy, with impatiency, and such other sins: therefore thou art entered into this holy order in vain, and all thy good works are unprofitable. But if then I had rightly understood these sentences of Paul: 'The flesh lusteth contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit contrary to the flesh; and these two are one against another, so that ye cannot do the things that ye would do,' I should not have so miserably tormented myself, but should have thought and said to myself, as now commonly I do, 'Martin, thou shalt not utterly be without sin, for thou hast flesh; thou shalt therefore feel the battle thereof.' I remember that Staupitz was wont to say, 'I have vowed unto God above a thousand times that I would become a better man: but I never performed that which I vowed. Hereafter I will make no such vow: for I have now learned by experience that I am not able to perform it. Unless, therefore, God be favorable and merciful unto me for Christ's sake, I shall not be able, with all my vows and all my good deeds, to stand before him.' This (of Staupitz's) was not only a true, but also a godly and a holy desperation; and this must they all confess, both with mouth and heart, who will be saved. For the godly trust not to their own righteousness. They look unto Christ their reconciler, who gave his life for their sins. Moreover, they know that the remnant of sin which is in their flesh is not laid to their charge, but freely pardoned. Notwithstanding, in the mean while they fight in spirit against the flesh, lest they should fulfill the lusts thereof; and although they feel the flesh to rage and rebel, and themselves also do fall sometimes into sin through infirmity, yet are they not discouraged, nor think


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130 that their state and kind of life, and the works which are done according to their calling, displease God; but they raise up themselves by faith."

One of the heresies for which the Jesuits got that spiritual genius, Molinos, the founder of Quietism, so abominably condemned was his healthy-minded opinion of repentance:—

Now in contrast with such healthy-minded views as these, if we treat them as a way of deliberately minimizing evil, stands a radically opposite view, a way of


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/524

504 —continued.

§ 68. Decision of disputes.

69. Power to change name. 70. Amalgamation and transfer of engagements. 71. Conversion of society into company. 72. Saving for right of creditors. 73. Conversion of society into branch. 74. Meaning of special resolution. 75. Registration of special resolutions.

76. Inspectors and special meetings. 77. Cancelling and suspension of registry. 78. Dissolution of societies. 79. Instrument of dissolution. 80. Dissolution by award. 81. Advertisement of notices. 82. Dissolution of societies having branches. 83. Notice of proceedings or order to set aside dissolution.

84. Offences. 85. Offences by societies to be also offences by officers, &c. 86. Continuing offences. 87. Punishment of fraud, false declarations, and misappropriations. 88, 89. Fine for falsification, and for ordinary offences. 90. Special offences in the case of friendly societies. 91. Recovery of fines. 92-94. Jurisdiction of court of summary jurisdiction; appeals; legal proceedings.

95. Remuneration of county court officers. 96, 97. Fees. 98, 99. Forms; regulations for carrying out Act. 100. Evidence of documents.

101. Application to existing societies. 102-104. Application to Scotland, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands. 105. Payment to representatives in Channel Islands and Isle of Man.

107. Definitions. 108. Repeal. 109. Commencement and extent of Act; short title.

See also (c. 26).

See Table 11., c. xcv.

See also (c. cxii.).

See Table II., c. xcviii.

See (c. 24).


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/525

A.D. 1896.]

To redescribe the Parliamentary Divisions of the City of Glasgow. Ch. 17. S.

Power to County Councils to remove difficulties at elections &c of. See (c. 1).

, Eligibility of women as. See (c. 5).

See (c. 27).

See

See (c. 37); (c. 58).

See (c 36).

See (c. 17).

To amend the Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890. Ch. 31. S.

To remove certain Doubts with respect to the Housing of the Working Classes Act, 1890, so far as it applies to Ireland. Ch. 11. I.

Provisional Orders under. See Table II., c. vi. (Aberdeen); c. ccxxxviii. (Birkenhead and Leeds).

See Table II., c. clxxiv. (Darwen).

See (c. 28, Part V.).

To extend the time for the Repayment of Loans granted by Queen Anne's Bounty to Incumbents of Benefices. Ch. 13. E.

Increase of annuity and reduction of rate of interest for. See (c. 28 s. 37).

Consolidation of Enactments relating to. See (c 26).

See (c. 19); (c. 64); (c.20).

See (c. 28).

See—


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 mouldings of the whole entablature, viz. architrave, frieze and cornice. At a still earlier date in Syria the same had been done in the Propylaea of the temple at Damascus ( 151) and other examples are found in North Africa.

Now when Constantine transferred the capital to Byzantium, he is said to have imported immense quantities of monolith columns from Rome, and also workmen to carry out the embellishments of the new capital; for his work there was not confined to churches, but included amphitheatres, palaces, thermae and other public buildings. Owing to the haste with which these were built, and in some cases probably to the ephemeral materials employed, for the roofs of the churches were only in timber, all these early works have been swept away; but there remain two structures at least, which are said to date from Constantine’s time, viz. the Binbirderek or cistern of a thousand columns, and the Yeri-Batan-Serai, both in Constantinople. As one of the first tasks a Roman emperor set himself to perform was the provision of an ample supply of water, of which Byzantium was much in need, there is every reason to suppose that they are correctly attributed to Constantine’s time. If so, as the construction of their vaults is quite different from that employed by the Romans, it suggests that there already existed in the East a traditional method of building vaults of which the emperor availed himself; and, although it is not possible to trace all the earlier developments, the traditional art of the East, found throughout Syria and Asia Minor, must from the first have wrought great changes in the architectural style, and in some measure this would account for the comparatively short period of two centuries which elapsed between the foundation of the new empire and the culminating period of the style under Justinian in 532–558.

Constantine is said to have built three churches in Palestine, but these have either disappeared or have been reconstructed since; an early basilican church is that of St John Studius (the Baptist) in Constantinople, dating from 463, and though it shows but little deviation from classic examples, in the design and vigorous execution of the carving in the capitals and the entablature we find the germ of the new style. The next typical example is that found in the church of St Demetrius at Salonica, a basilican church with atrium in front, a narthex, nave and double aisles, with capacious galleries on the first floor for women, and an apsidal termination to the nave. Instead of the classic entablature, the monolithic columns of the nave carry arches both on the ground and upper storeys; above the capitals, however, we find a new feature known as the dosseret, already employed in the two cisterns referred to, a cubical block projecting beyond the capital on each side and enabling it to carry a thicker wall above. In later examples, when the aisles were vaulted, the dosseret served a still more important purpose, in carrying the springing of the vaults. The nave and aisles of this church of St Demetrius were covered with timber roofs, as the architects had neither the knowledge, the skill, nor perhaps the materials to build vaults, so as to render the whole church indestructible by fire. One of the first attempts at this (though the early date given is disputed) would seem to have been made at Hierapolis, on the borders of Phrygia in Asia Minor, where there are two churches covered with barrel vaults carried on transverse ribs across the nave, the thrust of which was met by carrying up solid walls on each side, these walls being pierced with openings so as to form aisles on the ground floor and galleries above. The same system was carried out a century earlier in central Syria, where, in consequence of the absence of timber, the buildings had to be roofed with slabs of stone carried on arches across the nave. It is probable that in course of time other examples will be found in Asia Minor, giving a more definite clue to the next development, which we find in the work of Justinian, who would seem to have recognized that the employment of timber or combustible materials was fatal to the long duration of such buildings. Accordingly in the first church which he built (fig. 27), that of SS. Sergius and Bacchus ( 527), the whole building is vaulted; the church is about 100 ft. square, with a narthex on one side. The central portion of the church is octagonal (52 ft. wide), and is covered by a dome, carried on arches across the eight sides, which are filled in with columns on two storeys. These are recessed on the diagonal lines, forming apses. The vault is divided into thirty-two zones, the zones being alternately flat and concave.

We now pass to Justinian’s greatest work, the church of St Sophia (fig. 28), begun in 532 and dedicated in 537, which marks the highest development of the Byzantine style and became the model on which all Greek churches, and even the mosques built by the Mahommedans in Constantinople, from the 15th century onwards, were based. The architects employed were Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus, and the problem they had to solve was that of carrying a dome 107 ft. in diameter on four arches. The four arches formed a square on plan, and between them were built spherical pendentives, which, overhanging the angles, reduced the centre to a circle on which the dome was built. This dome fell down in 555, and when rebuilt was raised higher and pierced round its lower part with forty circular-headed windows, which give an extraordinary lightness to the structure. At the east and west ends are immense apses, the full width of the dome, which are again subdivided into three smaller apses. The north and south arches are filled with lofty columns carrying arches opening into the aisle on the ground storey and a gallery on the upper storey, the walls above being pierced with windows of immense size. The church was built in brick, and internally the walls were encased with thin slabs of precious marble up to a great height (fig. 29). The walls and vault above were covered with mosaics on a gold ground, which, as they represented Christian subjects, were all covered over with stucco by the Turks after the taking of Constantinople. During the restoration in the middle of the 19th century, when it became necessary to strip off the stucco, these mosaics were all drawn and published by Salzenburg, and they were covered again with plaster to prevent their destruction by the Turks. The columns of the whole church on the ground floor are of porphyry, and on the upper storey of verd antique. The length of the church from entrance door to eastern apse is 260 ft.; in width, including the aisles, it measures 238 ft., and it measures 175 ft. to the apex of the dome. The columns and arches give scale to the small apses, the small apses to the larger ones, and the latter to the dome, so that its immense size is grasped from the first. The lighting is admirably distributed, and the rich decoration of the marble slabs, the monolith columns, the elaborate carving of the capitals, the beautiful marble inlays of the spandrils above the arches, and the glimpse here and there of some of the mosaic, which shows through the stucco, give to this church an effect which is unparalleled by any other interior in the world. The narthex or entrance vestibule forms a magnificent hall 240 ft. in length, equally richly decorated. Externally the building has little pretensions to architectural beauty, but its dimensions and varied outline, with the groups of smaller and larger apses and domes, make it an impressive structure, to which the Turkish minarets, though ungainly, add picturesqueness.

In 536 a second important church was begun by Theodora, the church of the Holy Apostles, which was destroyed in 1454 by order of Mahommed II. to build his mosque. The design of this church is known only from the clear description given by Procopius,

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 02.djvu/407


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Rh like jackets with half sleeves, and all from top to bottom woven at intervals with stripes of various designs and incorporated in the same woof,—very lovely to look at. And with all these elegantly ornamented clothes, they always paint themselves red and black. All this vanity and effeminate care to decorate themselves so much is a sign of what many believe, that it is [due to] the wicked vice which is common among them; for the women do not go about well clothed nor do the men pay much attention to them; for the women wear only some skirts of cotton from their waist down, but from the waist up they go bare and uncovered, with their hair rolled up without as much care as the men. The latter always go with little stools under their arms to sit on wherever they go; and at night they muffle themselves up with sheets woven of various stripes and designs of different colors, like cloaks; their drink is always posole or saca, which is a drink made of cooked maize, and they always drink it lukewarm, but they never like to drink clear or cold water ....”


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THE FIRST SPANISH ENTRADAS INTO YUCATAN

HE First Spaniards in Yucatan. Although Fernando Cortes was the first Spaniard to penetrate the region occupied by the Itzas, he was not, of course, the first of his race to become acquainted with Yucatan and its inhabitants. It will be remembered that Columbus received a hint of the existence of Yucatan from some Indian traders at the Isla de Guanajo (Isla de Piños) in the year 1502. (Cogolludo, lib. i, cap I.) Although he failed to find it, we may say that from July, 1502, Yucatan was known to the Spaniards. The first Spaniards who actually coasted the shore of Yucatan were Juan Diaz de Solis and Vicente Yañez Pinzon, in the year 1506.

In 1511 or 1512 Vasco Nuñez de Balboa, whose expedition was in Darien, found it necessary to send to Hispaniola for supplies. He chose a certain Valdivia for the errand, intrusted him with a caravel, and sent him off. Valdivia was shipwrecked on Las Viboras, a reef near Jamaica, and only about twenty of his men escaped. (Molina, p. 11 ff.; Montesinos, vol. ii, p. 28 ff.; Landa, p. 15.) They were all captured by some Indians from Yucatan, who sacrificed all except Jerónimo de Aguilar and Gonzalo Guerrero. The latter of these learned the language and went to Chectemal, where he married an Indian woman and became a member of the tribe. (Landa, pp. 14-16. Chectemal = Salamanca = Bacalar = Bakhalal.)

Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba, 1517. All the Spaniards


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Rh mentioned thus far are connected only very remotely with our subject. In 1517, however, under the auspices of Diego Velazquez, Governor of Cuba, an expedition was fitted out under the command of Don Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba (Bernal Diaz, vol. i, p. 11; Landa, p. 16 ff.) As this and one other expedition immediately preceded the entrada of Cortes, and as they both came in contact with members of the Maya race, it is well that a short account of the expeditions of Cordoba and of Grijalva should be given.

Cordoba, with three ships provided by himself, Lope Ochoa de Caicedo, and Cristoval Morante, left Cuba on February 8, 1517. The avowed purpose of the expedition was to capture slaves for the Cuban market, and although it was directly against the royal will, Velazquez himself was interested in the project. After a sail of twenty-one days the three ships sighted a large town some two leagues from shore. This spot was named Cape Catoche by the Spaniards. A brisk fight took place there between the natives and the white men, in which the latter were the victors. Many Indian towns and settlements were seen as the Spaniards went along the shore toward the west. Everywhere the Indians crowded out of their houses, temples, and idol houses to see the newcomers. At length the town of Champoton was reached. There, it will be remembered, the Itzas had lived for many years. However demoralized the Maya race may have become elsewhere, here at least it was vigorous enough, for the Indians of Champoton or Potonchan inflicted a great defeat on the Spaniards. (Bernal Diaz, vol. i, p. 24; Landa, p. 20.) The party went back to Cuba very shortly, and Cordoba reported to Velazquez as to what had been found.

Juan de Grijalva and Others, 1518. In the spring of 1518 Velazquez caused another expedition to be fitted out. Juan de Grijalva was to be the commodore, and Alonso de Avila, Francisco de Montejo, and Pedro de Albarado were each to have command of a ship. From our point of view the most important thing this expedition did was to visit the island of Cozumel. The female idols there impressed the Spaniards to such a degree that they named the island las Mugeres. This


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26 party also touched at Champoton and even went as far as San Juan de Ulloa and the Rio Panuco.

Cortes in Mexico, 1519. The next year, 1519, witnessed the setting out of Fernando or Hernando or Hernan Cortes. His achievements in Mexico in the years 1519-1524 in nowise concern us. In the latter year, however, he inaugurated the bold project of reaching Honduras by land from Mexico. As an inevitable result of this plan he entered the territory of the Itzas. Villagutieirre's account (lib. i, caps. 7, 8) of this expedition is so complete that it is best for us to quote it in full. The reader is urged to study Plate VI in order to learn the routes followed by Cortes and others.

Villagutierre's Account of the Entrada of Cortes, 1524-1525. "The Itzalana nation, having reached its place of retirement, was now fortified in those Islands and Lakes which they occupied in the midst of many other barbarous forest nations, for none of the rest was as powerful as they....After much fighting, Don Fernando Cortes had, by force of arms and with many brilliant deeds, captured the Great City of Mexico, Capital of the Northern American Empire. Also he had subjugated many other regions, nearly all of New Spain, by 1521.

"In I524, being desirous of settling Hibueras or Honduras, which is a very good land, albeit far from Mexico, he [Cortes] had armed five ships and a brigantine, all well provided with every sort of equipment. In these he sent off four hundred Spaniards and thirty horses under the charge of Christoval de Olid, who had orders to take on at Havana as many more troops as were ready to go. Afterwards they were all to go and settle on the coast of Honduras, which was the purpose of the voyage. But Christoval de Olid rose in rebellion with the ships and soldiers. At length he arrived in Honduras, having


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/526

506 —continued. *

See (c. 26); (c. 25).

To provide for the Appointment of Judicial Trustees and otherwise to Amend the Law respecting the Administration of Trusts and the Liability of Trustees. Ch, 85. E.

See

See Table II., c. xcix.

See (Table II, c. cxv.).

To amend the Labourers (Ireland) Acts, 1888 to 1892. Ch. 53. I.

See—


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Rh taken prisoner Gil Gonzalez de Avila. When all this was learned by Don Fernando Cortes he sent Francisco de las Casas with two ships and some soldiers against the rebel. Him also did Christoval de Olid take prisoner. Afterwards occurred the great revolts, quarrels and murders which the historians relate, but which I will not repeat.

Cortes Starts for Honduras. “Don Fernando Cortes was greatly enraged that Christoval de Olid, his old friend, should thus have risen up against him, causing so much ruin. So he determined to go in person to punish Olid. Nor did the thought of the great loss his absence would be to Mexico suffice to dissuade him....

“No arguments in the least changed his decision. He assembled all the Spaniards he could; there were more than four hundred infantry and cavalry, besides much artillery and baggage. In addition, there were between three and four thousand Indian warriors from Mexico, among whom were King Quatemoz, the successor of the great Motezuma,... and the Lords of Tacuba and Tezcuco, cities on the Lake of Mexico, and other Mexican Lords. With these, Cortes took his march by land, and through regions so rough and impenetrable that they had never been pressed by human feet. They forced their way through the forests, opening paths and building very large bridges of wood so disproportionately thick that some of them are still standing today and are called 'Bridges of Cortes.' Cortes and his followers suffered hunger, bruises, illnesses, hard roads, worse lodgings, and other insupportable trials, so that to tell them all entire books would be needed.

Cortes Arrives at Izancanac. “Don Fernando Cortes and those who were with him arrived at the city of Izancanac in the Province of Acalan. There was discovered the plot which King Quatemoz, the Lord of Tacuba, and other Mexican chiefs had made between themselves to attack the Spaniards while they


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28 were crossing some river or marsh. When all the Spaniards were killed, the Mexicans planned to recover their dominions, breaking forth from their captivity. Having held a trial (although some say he did not do so) Cortes gave orders that Quatemoz should be hanged, together with the Lord of Tacuba, his cousin, and other principal Mexicans. Eight, it is said, were hung....

Description of a Large Town. “When these events had been completed, and while the army was marching forward over bad roads, they came upon a pueblo very large and new, in which the houses had been but recently completed. The place was surrounded with very thick stockades of logs and of very sturdy planks. Before the entrance were deep trenches. This wall encircled the town in two rings, both very high. One was like a barbican, having towers and loopholes for the archers. In another place, but near the town, on some lofty rocks, were their watch-towers of stone, worked by hand and provided with adequate railings. On another side was a deep marsh, and all these things served to make the pueblo a great fortress.

“The Spaniards entered the town without hindrance and found it deserted and lonely. The Indians, its inhabitants, receiving news that the Spaniards were coming, had withdrawn to some large marshes some distance from the pueblo. On inspecting the town and entering the houses our men found in all and each one of them a great quantity of turkeys all prepared and dressed for eating by those Indians. Besides these things they also found much corn-bread and other supplies such as drinks, and a dish made of meat mixed with corn-bread called by those Indians tamales. They were all amazed at seeing such a novelty, and they were, at the same time, delighted to see so much good food, as they had suffered so much from hunger and lack of nourishment.

The Spaniards Suspect Treachery. “All this set them to thinking, because it was such a new state of affairs, and they were puzzled to know the plans of the Indians of that town, as much because of the novelty of the situation as because they found in the middle of the village a house full of lances, bows, arrows, macanas, and other arms used by those Indians in their wars. And going out to see if any troops were to be found


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Rh outside of the village, they found no one, nor was there, in the milpas or farms, a single grain of maize or any other vegetable; so that the Spaniards were all the more confounded, and they marveled, asking one another what it could mean.

“While the Spaniards were in this suspense, fifteen Indians came from outside the town who, as it was learned afterward, were very important men; and when they arrived they went into the presence of Don Fernando Cortes. Placing their hands upon the ground, and kissing the earth with great humility, and half weeping, they begged Cortes to favor them by not burning their village, for they had come there but recently to fortify themselves against some other Indians called Lacandones, who were their enemies. These had been making a cruel war upon them, killing many men and leveling and burning their villages, which they had formerly had on the plains, as the Spaniards would see for themselves....

“Don Fernando Cortes assured them by means of the Indian, Doña Marina (whom he had had with him ever since he entered Tabasco), that no harm should be done them, nor would he permit any of his men to misuse anything which was theirs. Thereupon the Indians recovered their upright position, and then Don Fernando Cortes asked, with great curiosity, why so many turkeys and fowls and all sorts of food had been prepared for his coming.

The Indians Explain why their Town was Deserted. “The Indians replied promptly that it was because they had been expecting their mortal enemies, the Lacandones, who were coming to attack them. If the Lacandones won in battle, they knew that all their property and fowls would be taken away. If the outcome was of that sort, they did not want their enemies to enjoy and avail themselves of their goods, so they had intended to eat them themselves. For if they should conquer the Lacandones in battle, they would go to their villages and take away all that they had, so that they would feel no lack of what they had already eaten in their own houses.

Cortes Takes Leave of them in a Friendly Spirit. “Don Fernando Cortes said to them that he was much grieved by


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30 their wars and quarrels, and that, because he was forced to continue his journey, he could not stop, nor could he aid them and defend them against those enemies of theirs. But, he added, had the situation been otherwise, he would have done so, and they would see, what they could not well imagine, how he would leave the Lacandones well punished and these Indians in peace and security in their houses.

“With these affectionate speeches, and seeing that no harm was done to them, those Indians were greatly contented. They gave thanks, after their fashion, to Cortes and his men, and at the same time, they gave him guides so that he might proceed with his army, which he did. Other large pueblos were encountered which, like this one from which they started out, they called the Mazotecas. This is the same as Villages of Deer, and the name was given because of the large numbers there are in that level country whence they set out.

The Deer Hunt. “The deer ran away so little and were so free from fright at the men that our soldiers on horseback were able to come up with them and kill them as they wished. In this way the men killed many of them and ate them for some days after. The Indian guides, who were showing the Spaniards everything and all those villages of their people which had been burned and razed, on being asked why it was that having so many deer at hand, they permitted them to be so tame. The Indians replied that in their villages they held the deer to be gods, for their greatest idol had appeared to them in that form and commanded them not to kill the deer, nor frighten them. They had executed this command, and as a result the deer were not easily scared, nor did they flee from the soldiers, and they were very numerous....

“Cortes and his men set forth from these villages of the Mazotecas and from the province of Acalan (which in after years, during the conquest of the Kingdom of Yucatan, was subjected by Captain Francisco de Tamayo Pacheco, who had come out in quest of it from the City of Merida)....

The Army of Cortes Proceeds on its Way. “Once more the army of Cortes went forward through rough and broken country. As always, he sent camp-scouts ahead on horseback


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Rh and single soldiers afoot; these encountered two Indians from another village further on, who were out hunting and were carrying a large lion [puma, jaguar?] as well as a great quantity of iguanas, which are a kind of small serpent and very good to eat. These Indians led them [the army] to their village, and from there the army took its road towards the mountains, asking all whom they met whether they had seen bearded men like them, for they were seeking them. Some of the Indians who were questioned replied, saying: That those of whom they spoke were ahead, and were journeying in the same direction....

The Lake. “When the army left the place where it had spent the night, and while it was mounting the slope of the mountains, but a short time had elapsed when those in the vanguard began to catch glimpses of great Laguna, in the middle of which was an island with a large town, which, as was afterwards learned, was the chief place of that whole Province of Itza. [These were the people who had withdrawn one hundred years before from Yucatan, as has been said.] And it was possible to enter this town only by means of boats.

They Capture an Indian. “The camp-scouts had by now reached the shore of the Lake itself, and they brought to Cortes an Indian whom one Pedro de Ayuda, one of the explorers, had taken from a canoe. Then Cortes asked this captured Indian (as he did to all the rest) whether or not the Spaniards or Bearded Men, like him and his men, had been through that region or were still in it, as he had been given to understand was the case.

“The Indian replied that in that town nothing was known of such men as they. He added, that if they wished to go to the town, there were some cultivated fields near the largest arm of the Lake where they could take many boats from the laborers who were tilling their fields, and he offered to lead them thither if it pleased them that he should do so.

“Don Fernando Cortes, with twelve crossbowmen, followed this Indian on foot by a very bad path which, after passing for a long distance through swamps with mud up to the knee, at length led to the water. And because the party had delayed a


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Page:Heidelberg catechism.pdf/28

 And He shall reign over the house of Jacob forever; and of His kingdom there shall be no end. Luk. 1, 33.

Luk. 7, 16. Acts 10, 38. Hebr. 10, 14. 1 John 2, 1.

Because by faith I am a member of Christ, and thus a partaker of His anointing; in order that I also may confess His name; may present myself a living sacrifice of thankfulness to Him; and may with free conscience fight against sin and the Devil in this life, and hereafter, in eternity, reign with Him over all creatures.

But ye have an unction from the Holy One, and ye know all things. But the anointing which ye have received of Him abideth in you. 1 John 2, 20. 27.

Whosoever therefore shall confess me before men, him will I confess also before my Father which is in heaven. Matth. 10, 32.

If we suffer we shall also reign with Him. 2 Tim. 2, 12.

Rom, 12, 1. Eph. 6, 12. 1 Cor. 16. 10. 2 Cor. 1, 21. 22. 1 Tim. 1, 18. 19. Acts 11, 26.

Because Christ alone is the eternal Son

title: Page:Heidelberg catechism.pdf/28


text:
Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/527

A.D. 1890.] —continued. *

See Table II., c. vii. (Bunkey) ; c. xciii. (Langley, &c).

To further amend the Law relating to the Occupation and Ownership of Land in Ireland, and for other purposes relating thereto. Ch, 47. I.

§1. Amendment as to improvements. 2. Limitation of enactments prohibiting resumption of holding during statutory term. 3. Statutory term and beginning of judicial rent. 4. Judicial term in cases of agreements. 5. Exclusion of certain holdings. 6. Town parks. 7. Exclusion by subletting of holding. 8. Judicial rent may be fixed where contract provides for resumption of holding by the landlord. 9. Turbary and other profits, easements, and privileges. 10. Lettings by persons not absolute owners. 11. Tenancy not invalidated by reason of subletting by landlord. 12. Determination of estate of immediate landlord. 13. Tenure in severalty. 14. Amendment of 54 & 55 Vict. c. 57. as to long leases and fee farm grants. 15. Amendment of 50 & 51 Vict. c. S3, s. 1. 16. Ejectments for nonpayment of rent in case of holdings under Land Law Acts. 17. Provision for agreements by landlords and tenants in certain cases. 18. Tenancy to be present tenancy where landlord has so consented. 19. Amendment as to mortgage or settlement of holdings. 20. Repeal of 44 & 45 Vict. c. 49. s. 8 (5).

21. Amendments of procedure as to limited representation of deceased person. 22. Ground of appeal to be stated.

23. Regulations as to interchange of duties of Land Judge and Judicial Commissioner of the Irish Land Commission. 24. Power to nominate judge to act as additional Land Judge for purposes of 28 & 29 Vict. c. 88. 25. Alteration of mode of calculating purchase annuity. 26. Application of part of Act to annuities under 82 & 33 Vict. c. 42. 27. Abolition of county per-centage. 28. Abolition of purchaser's insurance money. 29. As to guarantee deposit. 30. Amendment of 51 & 52 Vict. c. 49. s. 2. 31. Extinguishment of superior interests.


text:
Page:First Voyage Round the World.djvu/352

 soros navios da capitania de magalhaēes sam cinqo ·s. hūu de cx toneladas os dous de lxxx cada hūu e os dous de lx cada hū pouco mais ho menos, sam muy velhos e Remēdados por que os vy em monte corregeer, ha onze messes que se correjeram e estā na agoa agora calafetam asy nagoa eu entrey neles algūas vezes e çertefico a vosa alteza que ᵱa canaria navegaria de maa vontade neles, por q’ seus liames sam de sebe. hartelharia que todos çinq’o levā sam lxxx tiros muy pequenos somte no maior em q’ ha de hyr fernam de magalhaēs estam quato verços de ferro nō bōos ᵱ toda a jente que levā em todos çinq’o sam iioxxx homēs todo los mais tem ja Reçebido o soldo somte os portugeses que nō querē Reçebr̃ a mill Rs̄, agrdan que venha o correo por que lhes disse magalhaēes que ele lhes farya acrecētar o soldo e levā matymtos ᵱa dous anos. capitam da prma nāao fernā de magalhaēes e de segunda Ruy faleyo da 3ra Jo de cartagena q’ he feitor moor darmada da 4ª quesada criado do arçobpo de sevilha a 5ª vay sem capitam sabido vay nella por piloto carvalho portugues, nesta se diz que ha de meteer por capitā desque forē de foz ē fora ha alvo da mizqita d estremoz que caa estaa os portugeses que ca vejo ᵱa hirem

§ o carvalho piloto § estevā gomez piloto § o sserrāao piloto § vco preto galego piloto ha dias q’ caa vive § alvo da myzqita d est̄moz

§ martȳ da myzqita d estremoz


text:
Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/528

508 —continued. § 32. Framing of and dispensing with vesting order and registration of title on purchase. 33. As to redemption or apportionment of annuities, rentcharges, &c., under 50 & 51 Vict. c. 33. ss. 15, 10. 34. As to easements. &c., when vesting order is made. 35. Liability for arrears of rent, and interest on purchase money after agreement to purchase. 36. Advances for purchase of holding subject to a rentcharge. 37. Terms of redemption of tithe rentcharge in case of sale. 38. Sale of holding by Land Commission. 39. Amendment of 54 & 55 Vict. c. 48. s. 5 (2) (6) as to money for labourers cottages. 40. Sales under the Landed Estates Court Act. 41. Appeals under Land Purchase Act 42. Powers of mortgagee. 43. Purchase and sale by Congested Districts Board under the Land Purchase Acts. 44. Sales by Congested Districts Board of small holdings otherwise than under Land Purchase Acts. 45. Rules for Part of Act. 46. Re-enactment with modifications of 54 & 55 Vict. c. 48. s. 13. 47. Application to Land Commission for reinstatement of tenant or for purchase of holding.

48. Definitions. 49. Saving of Ulster tenant right custom. 50. Application and construction of Parts of Act. 51,52. Short title; repeal.

Partial remission of, &c. See (c. 28, Part VI.).

To amend the Law with respect to the Jurisdiction excrciscable in Cases relating to the Receipt or Possession of Stolen Property. Ch. 52. E. & I.

To amend the Law relating to Law Agents and Notaries Public practising in Scotland. Ch. 19. S.

To enable Life Assurance Companies to pay money into Court in certain cases. Ch. 8. E. & I.

To facilitate the Construction of Light Railways in Great Britain. Ch.48. E.& S.

§1. Establishment of Light Railway Commission. 2. Application for orders authorising light railways. 3. Powers of local authorities under order. 4, 5. Loans and special advances by Treasury. 6. Limitation on amount of advance and provision of money by National Debt Commissioners. 7. Consideration of application by Light Railway Commissioners. 8. Submission of order to Board of Trade for confirmation. 9, 10. Consideration and confirmation of order by Board of Trade.


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/529

A,D. 1896.] —continued. § 11. Provisions which may be made by the order. 12. Application of general Railway Acts. Mode of settling purchase money and compensation for taking of land. 14. Payment of purchase money or compensation. 15. Provisions as to Board of Trade. 16. Expenses of local authorities. 17. Joint committees. 18. Working of ordinary railway as light railway. 19. Power of owners to grant land or advance money for a light railway. 20. Power to grant Crown lands. 21. Provision as to commons. 22. Preservation of scenery and objects of historical interest. 23. Junctions with existing railways. 24. Amendment of order. 25. Provision as to telegraphs. 26. Application to Scotland. 27-29. Extent of Act ; definitions ; short title.

See also (c. 34).

To amend the Procedure of the Liverpool Court of Passage. Ch. 21. E.

Notice of derelict vessels to be given to, and information to be published by. See (c. 12).

See (c. 13);  (c. 42).

See—

To amend certain Provisions of the Local Government Act, 1888, with respect to the Determination of Differences by the Local Government Board. Ch. 9. E.

To continue temporarily certain Powers for the Removal of Difficulties at Elections under the Local Government Act, 1894. Ch. 1. E.


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/May 1901/The Carnegie Museum


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/May 1901/The Aurora Australis, as Observed from the Belgica


text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. A. 4.djvu/15

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 13 082450 VIETNAMESE TROOPS WERE REPORTED TO BE SLOWLY RELIEVING FRENCH TROOPS.

082840 THE VIETNAM ARMY'S 2ND ANNIVERSARY WAS OBSERVED IN ANNAM. THE LACK OF OFFICERS AND NON-COMS, THE PRESENCE OF FACTIONS AND HIGH COSTS HINDER THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VIETNAMESE ARMY.

091450 THE 4TH SESSION TRIPARTITE MEETINGS DISCLOSED 77,000 IN ARMIES OF THE ASSOCIATED STATES, 44,000 NATIONALS IN FEC.

092450 THE FRENCH PROMISED THAN VAN HUU AID TO INCREASE THE VIETNAM ARMY.

1050 MDAP MONTHLY REPORT FROM SAIGON DISCLOSED POOR RELATIONS BETWEEN FRENCH AND MAAG. (GULLION TO SEC.STATE)

100450 BRIG. GEN. BRINK BECAME HEAD OF THE U.S. MILITARY AID GROUP IN VIETNAM.

101050 U.S. ESTABLISHED A MILITARY MISSION IN SAIGON.

101350 THE FRENCH PLANNED TO ENLARGE THE VIETNAM ARMY. GENERAL DE LA TOUR DU MOULIN WAS APPOINTED ITS MILITARY ADVISOR.

102450 DIFFICULTIES WITH RESPECT TO ESTABLISHMENT OF VIET FORCE WERE IN RECRUITMENT, ORGANIZATION OF CADRES, FINANCING, CONSCRIPTION. /SAIGON MSG STATE 1ST NOTES

110550 AN INTER-SERVICE TRAINING COLLEGE WAS OPENED AT DALAT. /LANCASTER.

110750 FRENCH AND VIETNAM LEADERS AGREED ON A RAPID BUILDUP OF THE VIETNAM ARMY.

110850 VIETNAM WAS EXPECTED TO SPEND 35–40 PERCENT OF ITS 1951 BUDGET ON ITS THREE-DIVISION ARMY.

112250 MINISTER LETOURNEAU TOLD THE FRENCH ASSEMBLY THAT BOTH FRENCH AND NATIONAL FORCES IN INDOCHINA WERE TO BE STRENGTHENED.

1250 WITH THE CREATION OF THE MINISTRY FOR THE ASSOCIATED STATES, NINE SEPARATE MINISTRIES WERE DIRECTLY CONCERNED WITH AND RESPONSIBLE FOR SOME ASPECT OF FRENCH ACTIVITIES IN INDOCHINA. /NAVARRE.

120450 IT WAS ANNOUNCED THAT GENERAL DE LATTRE DE TASSIGNY WOULD REPLACE GENERAL CARPENTIER AND HIGH COMMISSIONER PIGNON AS THE SUPERIOR MILITARY AND CIVILIAN COMMANDER. HE TOOK OFFICE TWO DAYS LATER.

120850 AND 122350 COMPLEMENTARY AGREEMENTS TO THE 1949 ELYSEE AGREEMENT PROVIDED FOR THE FORMATION OF FOUR DIVISIONS BY THE END OF 1951. /LANCASTER.

120850 A NATIONAL VIETNAM ARMY WAS FORMALLY SET UP WITH NATIONAL STATUS FOR TROOPS BY ORDER OF BAO DAI. C


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/May 1901/Progress and Tendency of Mechanical Engineering in the Nineteenth Century I


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/May 1901/Primitive Color Vision


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/May 1901/A Study of British Genius IV


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/May 1901/The Frog as Parent


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/May 1901/Recent Physiology


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/May 1901/The Blood of the Nation I


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/May 1901/Scientific Literature


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/May 1901/The Progress of Science


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/May 1901/Obituary of William Jay Youmans


text: Category:National parks

title: Category:National parks


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/June 1901/Our Forest Reservations


text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. A. 4.djvu/16

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 14 121550 GENERAL ERSKINE FINISHED HIS MISSION.

122350 THE U.S. SIGNED A MUTUAL DEFENSE ASSISTANCE PENTALATERAL AGREEMENT WITH FRANCE, VIETNAM, CAMBODIA, AND LAOS FOR INDIRECT U.S. MILITARY AID TO FRENCH UNION FORCES IN INDOCHINA. THE AGREEMENT ON DEFENSE AND MUTUAL ASSISTANCE LAID DOWN THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH U.S. AID WOULD BE APPORTIONED AND ESTABLISHED THE PRINCIPLE THAT ALL MATERIALS PROVIDED WOULD BE HANDED OVER TO THE FRENCH COMMAND, WHILE DIRECT RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ASSOCIATED 'STATES AND MAAG WERE TO BE EXPRESSLY PRECLUDED. /LANCASTER.

122350 MAAG INDOCHINA WAS AUTHORIZED. /217155.

1951 HO CHI MINH'S ARMY WAS THOUGHT TO CONTAIN 70,000 LIGHTLY ARMED MEN. 2 PERCENT COMMUNISTS AND THE REST WERE STRONG NATIONALISTS. /NYT

1951 THE ARMED FORCES ON THE FRENCH SIDE = 150,000. ABOUT HALF WERE NATIVES OF UNCERTAIN LOYALTY AND EFFECTIVENESS. FLEM-CWO.

JAN–MAR 51 DE LATTRE SUCCEEDED IN HALTING COMMUNIST ADVANCES. THE VIETMINH WAS FORCED TO RETURN TO GUERRILLAGUERILLA [sic] TACTICS. THE TROOPS AT THE DISPOSAL OF THE FRENCH NOW NUMBERED 391,000.

0151 THE FRENCH AND VIETMINH BOTH REORGANIZED THEIR FORCES INTO DIVISIONS, SINCE THE TYPE OF COMBAT HAD ESCALATED FROM GUERRILLA WARFARE.

010851 MAAG INDOCHINA WAS OFFICIALLY ESTABLISHED WITH A STRENGTH OF 128. /217154–5.

011051 GENERAL DE LATTRE'S LEADERSHIP INCREASED THE MORALE OF BOTH THE FRENCH AND THE VIETNAMESE FORCES.

0351 DE LATTRE LEFT FOR PARIS TO ASK FOR REINFORCEMENTS IN OFFICERS, N.C.O'S AND TECHNICIANS WHOSE SERVICES WOULD BE REQUIRED TO TRAIN THE NATIONAL ARMIES.

042551 THE FRENCH TESTED THE ABILITY OF THE VIETNAMESE POLICE TO MAINTAIN ORDER AND TO CHECK THE VIETMINH INFILTRATION IN THE VINHBAO AREA SOUTH OF HAIPHONG.

0551 THE ADVENT OF THE MONSOON GAVE DE LATTRE THE OPPORTUNITY TO DEVOTE MORE OF HIS TIME AND ATTENTION TO THE FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL ARMIES AND HIS RESPONSIBILITIES AS HIGH COMMISSIONER.

050151 VIETNAMESE ARMY HAD 38,500 MEN.

052651 GENERAL COLLINS STATED THAT $54-MILLION WORTH OF SUPPLIES HAD BEEN SHIPPED SINCE JUNE 1949.

061451 THE CAO DAI SECT MILITARY CHIEF COLONEL TRINH MINH TAY DEFECTED FROM FRENCH–VIETNAMESE FORCES AND LED 2,500 MEN INTO CAMBODIA. D


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/June 1901/The Blood of the Nation II


text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. A. 4.djvu/17

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 15 071551 BAO DAI ORDERED TOTAL VIETNAM MOBILIZATION TO MEET A POSSIBLE THREAT BY CHINA IF A KOREA TRUCE WERE REACHED.

0851 THE FRENCH COMMISSIONER FOR SOUTH VIETNAM, GENERAL CHANSON, WAS ASSASSINATED. /LANCASTER..

080751 PROGRESS IN THE FORMATION OF A NATIONAL VIETNAMESE ARMY WAS REPORTED. VIETNAMESE UNITS HAD PERFORMED ADEQUATELY IN ENGAGEMENTS. LACK OF LEADERSHIP, FRENCH–VIETNAMESE QUARRELS, LACK OF EQUIPMENT AND AN APATHETIC POPULACE PLAGUED THE EFFORT. /NIE 35 REPORT.

0951 DE LATTRE WENT TO WASHINGTON TO ALLAY AMERICAN SUSPICIONS CONCERNING FRENCH INTENTIONS IN INDOCHINA AND TO ASK FOR INCREASED MILITARY SUPPLIES FOR THE NATIONAL ARMIES. HE RETURNED TO SAIGON OCT. 19. /LANCASTER.

090251 BRIG. GEN. BRINK REPORTED THAT THE FRENCH–VIETNAMESE FORCES WERE GAINING.

090751 U.S. SIGNED AND AGREEMENT WITH VIETNAM FOR DIRECT ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE. /J.B.

092051 DE LATTRE WENT TO WASHINGTON TO PLEAD FOR MORE AMERICAN AID, IN PARTICULAR FOR NEW PLANES AND OTHER MODERN EQUIPMENT, OF WHICH MORE AND MORE BEGAN TO ARRIVE IN VIETNAM.

092351 THE U.S. PROMISED TO ACCELERATE MILITARY AND ECONOMIC AID TO INDOCHINA.

1051 CAO DAI COLONEL TRINH MINH TAY BUILT A REBEL REGIME. HE DENOUNCED BOTH FRENCH AND VIETMINH.

100151 A SHIPMENT OF RIFLES ENOUGH FOR 4 DIVISIONS ARRIVED IN VIETNAM FROM THE U.S.

101651 60,000 VIETNAM DRAFTEES REPORTED FOR MILITARY TRAINING AS PART OF MOBILIZATION ORDER OF BAO DAI.

110651 PROGRESS REPORT ON NSC 561 (OCB) CLAIMED THAT PERSONNEL STRENGTH OF CIVIL POLICE BOARD WAS REDUCED BY 20 PERCENT BECAUSE OF MODERNIZATION EQUIPMENT, COMMUNICATIONS, AND TRANSPORTATION. /159–1.

1251 A SPEECH BY THE RADICAL SOCIALIST DEPUTY DALADIER REVEALED A GROWING FRENCH OPPOSITION TO THE INDOCHINA WAR. DALADIER DEMANDED THAT FRANCE SEEK PEACE THROUGH THE UNITED NATIONS.

121851 THE U.S. PROPOSED AN AGREEMENT BE MADE BETWEEN FRANCE AND THE U.S. TO INSURE THE CONTINUATION OF THE ELIGIBILITY OF THE STATE OF VIETNAM AND THE PROGRAMS OF MILITARY AND ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE NOW BEING EXTENDED. AN AGREEMENT WAS RATIFIED IN JANUARY 3, 1952. E


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/June 1901/Progress and Tendency of Mechanical Engineering in the Nineteenth Century II


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/June 1901/The Periodic Law


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/June 1901/A Plea for Pure Science


text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. A. 4.djvu/18

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 16 1951 PROFITING FROM THE CHANGED CHARACTER OF THE WAR, DE LATTRE WAS ABLE DURING HIS BRIEF PROCONSULATE TO GIVE DECISIVE IMPETUS TO THE TARDY FORMATION OF A VIETNAMESE ARMY, FIRST BY PERSUADING THE VIETNAMESE ACCEPT THE PRINCIPLE OF NATIONAL CONSCRIPTION, AND SECONDLY BY SUCCESSFULLY NEGOTIATING IN WASHINGTON FOR MILITARY AID TO EQUIP THE NATIONAL DIVISIONS THAT IT WAS NOW PROPOSING TO RAISE AND TRAIN. /LANCASTER.

EARLY 1952 A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR AIR FORCE PERSONNEL WAS OPENED AT NHA TRAN

010752 GENERAL DE LATTRE WAS ILL, GENERAL SALAN COMMANDED THE FRENCH FORCES IN HIS ABSENCE.

011152 DE LATTRE DIED. THE COMMUNISTS STARTED A NEW OFFENSIVE. WITH CHINESE EQUIPMENT, INCLUDING ARTILLERY, THEY WERE NOW ABLE TO REDUCE DE LATTRE'S GAINS AND TO ELIMINATE MANY SMALLER POSITIONS BETWEEN THE CITIES HELD BY THE FRENCH.

011152 VIETNAMESE ARMY STRENGTH WAS AT 65,000.

011152 TRIPARTITE CHIEFS OF STAFF CONFERENCE IN WASHINGTON.

012852 BAO DAI PLEDGED TO ESTABLISH A 120,000-MAN VIETNAM ARMY.

020452 MINISTER LETOURNEAU CONFERRED WITH BAO DAI ON THE BUILDUP OF, AND U.S. FOR THE NATIONAL ARMY. LACK OF TOP OFFICERS SLOWED TRAINING. AGREEMENT WAS REACHED ON APPOINTING A VIETNAMESE CHIEF OF STAFF AND FULLTIME DEFENSE MINISTER.

021152 VIETNAMESE PARATROOPERS WERE USED IN AN ATTACK ON THE TONGKIN AREA.

022252 DISSIDENT CAODAIST FORCES CLASHED WITH THE FRENCH. THEIR LEADER, COLONEL TRINH MINH TAY, WAS DENOUNCED AS A TRAITOR.

022352 FRENCH ASKED FOR MORE U.S. AID IN ARMING THE NEW DIVISIONS.

022452 GENERAL SALAN EVACUATED FRENCH AND VIETNAMESE TROOPS FROM HOA BINH AND THE WESTERN END OF THE HOA BINH-HANOI ROAD IN ORDER TO PROVIDE MORE TROOPS FOR THE TONGKIN DELTA OPERATIONS.

030852 BAO DAI APPOINTED GENERAL NGUYEN VAN HINH AS CHIEF OF STAFF.

031852 ACHESON TOLD A SENATE COMMITTEE THAT THE INDOCHINA SITUATION WAS VERY SERIOUS. HE STRESSED THE NEED FOR A LARGE AND EFFECTIVE NATIVE FORCE. LETOURNEAU FELT ACHESON'S ALARM WAS UNJUSTIFIED.

04 THRU END OF 1952 NATIVE FORCES WERE INCREASINGLY USED IN THE FIGHTING.

040152 MINISTER LETOURNEAU WAS NAMED HIGH COMMISSIONER, AND REMAINED IN THE FRENCH CABINET AS THE ASSOCIATED STATES' MINISTER. GENERAL SALAN REMAINED AS THE MILITARY COMMANDER. F


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/June 1901/The Malaria-Germ and Allied Forms of Sporozoa


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/June 1901/The Wild Bird at Arm's Length: A New Method of Bird Study


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/June 1901/A Study of British Genius V


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/June 1901/The Progress of Science


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/July 1901/The Transmission of Yellow Fever by Mosquitoes


text:
Author:Iain Lom MacDonald

Works

 * La Inbhir Lochaidh. (condensed and translated as The Day of Inverlochy. by Mark Napier in Memorials of Montrose (1848)

title: Author:Iain Lom MacDonald


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/July 1901/Climate and Carbonic Acid


text:
Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/530

510

To prevent certain Disqualifications for Elections to Parish Councils of 1896. Ch. 4. E. & S.

See Table II., c. xxviii. (Poor Law); c. xxix. (No. 4); c. xxx. (No. 5); c. lxxiv. (No. 1); c. lxxv. (No. 3); c. lxxvi.;(Poor Law) (No. 2); c. c. (Ports); c. ci. (No. 6); c. cii. (No. 7); c. ciii. (No. 8); c. civ. (No. 9); c. cv. (No. 10); c. cvi. (No. 11); c. cvii. (No. 12); c. cviii. (No. 14); c. cix. (No. 17); c. cx, (No. 18); c. cxi. (No. 19); c. cxii. (Gas); c. cxiii. (Warrington); c. clxvii. (No. 2); c. clxviii. (No. 16); c. clxix. (No. 20); c. clxx. (No. 21); c. clxxi. (No. 22); c. clxxii. (No. 24); c. ccxxxvi. (No. 13); c. ccxxxvii. (No. 15); c. ccxxxviii. (Housing of Working Classes).

See Table II., c. lxxxv. (No. 3); c. lxxxvi. (No. 4); c. lxxxvii. (No. 5); c. lxxxviii. (No. 6); c. lxxxix. (No. 7); c. xc. (No. 8); c. xci. (No. 10); c. xcii. (No. 12); c. cxvl (No. 9); c. clxii. (No. 2); c. clxiii. (No. 11); c. ccxxxv. (No. 1).

See (c. 42).

See (c. 16);  (c. 37);  (c. 41).

For paying to the Local Taxation (Ireland) Account a share of the Estate Duty. Ch. 41, I.

To amend the Law with respect to the Use of Locomotives on Highways. Ch. 36. U.K.

See— indent=1|

To amend the Law relating to Cabs in London. Ch. 7. E.


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/July 1901/The Peopling of the Philippines I


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/July 1901/A Study of British Genius VI


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/July 1901/The Intelligence of Monkeys


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/July 1901/Cocaine Analgesia of the Spinal Cord


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/July 1901/The Evidence of Snails on Changes of Land and Sea


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 59/July 1901/The Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory