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Page:EB1911 - Volume 12.djvu/610

 fails to obtain admirers. “La Jeune Fille à l’agneau” fetched, indeed, at the Pourtalès sale in 1865, no less than 1,000,200 francs. One of Greuze’s pupils, Madame Le Doux, imitated with success the manner of her master; his daughter and granddaughter, Madame de Valory, also inherited some traditions of his talent. Madame de Valory published in 1813 a comédie-vaudeville, Greuze, ou l’accordée de village, to which she prefixed a notice of her grandfather’s life and works, and the Salons of Diderot also contain, besides many other particulars, the story at full length of Greuze’s quarrel with the Academy. Four of the most distinguished engravers of that date, Massard père, Flipart, Gaillard and Levasseur, were specially entrusted by Greuze with the reproduction of his subjects, but there are also excellent prints by other engravers, notably by Cars and Le Bas.

See also Normand, J. B. Greuze (1892).

 GREVILLE, CHARLES CAVENDISH FULKE (1794–1865), English diarist, a great-grandson by his father of the 5th earl of Warwick, and son of Lady Charlotte Bentinck, daughter of the duke of Portland, formerly a leader of the Whig party, and first minister of the crown, was born on the 2nd of April 1794. Much of his childhood was spent at his grandfather’s house at Bulstrode. He was one of the pages of George III., and was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; but he left the university early, having been appointed private secretary to Earl Bathurst before he was twenty. The interest of the duke of Portland had secured for him the secretaryship of the island of Jamaica, which was a sinecure office, the duties being performed by a deputy, and the reversion of the clerkship of the council. Greville entered upon the discharge of the duties of clerk of the council in ordinary in 1821, and continued to perform them for nearly forty years. He therefore served under three successive sovereigns,—George IV., William IV. and Victoria,—and although no political or confidential functions are attached to that office, it is one which brings a man into habitual intercourse with the chiefs of all the parties in the state. Well-born, well-bred, handsome and accomplished, Greville led the easy life of a man of fashion, taking an occasional part in the transactions of his day and much consulted in the affairs of private life. Until 1855 when he sold his stud he was an active member of the turf, and he trained successively with Lord George Bentinck, and with the duke of Portland. But the celebrity which now attaches to his name is entirely due to the posthumous publication of a portion of a Journal or Diary which it was his practice to keep during the greater part of his life. These papers were given by him to his friend Mr Henry Reeve a short time before his death (which took place on the 18th of January 1865), with an injunction that they should be published, as far as was feasible, at not too remote a period after the writer’s death. The journals of the reigns of George IV. and William IV. (extending from 1820 to 1837) were accordingly so published in obedience to his directions about ten years after that event. Few publications have been received with greater interest by the public; five large editions were sold in little more than a year, and the demand in America was as great as in England. These journals were regarded as a faithful record of the impressions made on the mind of a competent observer, at the time, by the events he witnessed and the persons with whom he associated. Greville did not stoop to collect or record private scandal. His object appears to have been to leave behind him some of the materials of history, by which the men and actions of his own time would be judged. He records not so much public events as the private causes which led to them; and perhaps no English memoir-writer has left behind him a more valuable contribution to the history of the 19th century. Greville published anonymously, in 1845, a volume on the Past and Present Policy of England to Ireland, in which he advocated the payment of the Roman Catholic clergy; and he was also the author of several pamphlets on the events of his day.

His brother, (1801–1872), attaché to the British embassy in Paris from 1834 to 1844, also kept a diary, of which part was published by Viscountess Enfield, Leaves from the Diary of Henry Greville (London, 1883–1884).

See the preface and notes to the Greville Memoirs by Henry Reeve. The memoirs appeared in three sets—one from 1817 to 1837 (London, 1875, 3 vols.), and two for the period from 1837 to 1860, three volumes in 1885 and two in 1887. When the first series appeared in 1875 some passages caused extreme offence. The copies issued were as far as possible recalled and passages suppressed.

 GRÉVIN, JACQUES (c. 1539–1570), French dramatist, was born at Clermont about 1539. He studied medicine at the university of Paris. He became a disciple of Ronsard, and was one of the band of dramatists who sought to introduce the classical drama in France. As Sainte-Beuve points out, the comedies of Grévin show considerable affinity with the farces and soties that preceded them. His first play, La Maubertine, was lost, and formed the basis of a new comedy, La Trésorière, first performed at the college of Beauvais in 1558, though it had been originally composed at the desire of Henry II. to celebrate the marriage of Claude, duchess of Lorraine. In 1560 followed the tragedy of Jules César, imitated from the Latin of Muret, and a comedy, Les Ébahis, the most important but also the most indecent of his works. Grévin was also the author of some medical works and of miscellaneous poems, which were praised by Ronsard until the friends were separated by religious differences. Grévin became in 1561 physician and counsellor to Margaret of Savoy, and died at her court in Turin in 1570.

The Théâtre of Jacques Grévin was printed in 1562, and in the Ancien Théâtre français, vol. iv. (1855–1856). See L. Pinvert, Jacques Grévin (1899).

 GRÈVY, FRANÇOIS PAUL JULES (1813–1891). President of the French Republic, was born at Mont-sous-Vaudrey in the Jura, on the 15th of August 1813. He became an advocate in 1837, and, having steadily maintained republican principles under the Orleans monarchy, was elected by his native department to the Constituent Assembly of 1848. Foreseeing that Louis Bonaparte would be elected president by the people, he proposed to vest the chief authority in a president of the Council elected and removable by the Assembly, or in other words, to suppress the Presidency of the Republic. After the coup d’état this proposition gained Grévy a reputation for sagacity, and upon his return to public life in 1868 he took a prominent place in the republican party. After the fall of the Empire he was chosen president of the Assembly on the 16th of February 1871, and occupied this position till the 2nd of April 1876, when he resigned on account of the opposition of the Right, which blamed him for having called one of its members to order in the session of the previous day. On the 8th of March 1876 he was elected president of the Chamber of Deputies, a post which he filled with such efficiency that upon the resignation of Marshal MacMahon he seemed to step naturally into the Presidency of the Republic (30th January 1879), and was elected without opposition by the republican parties (see : History). Quiet, shrewd, attentive to the public interest and his own, but without any particular distinction, he would have left an unblemished reputation if he had not unfortunately accepted a second term (18th December 1885). Shortly afterwards the traffic of his son-in-law (Daniel Wilson) in the decorations of the Legion of Honour came to light. Grévy was not accused of personal participation in these scandals, but he was somewhat obstinate in refusing to realize that he was responsible indirectly for the use which his relative had made of the Élysée, and it had to be unpleasantly impressed upon him that his resignation was inevitable (2nd December 1887). He died at Mont-sous-Vaudrey on the 9th of September 1891. He owed both his success and his failure to the completeness with which he represented the particular type of the thrifty, generally sensible and patriotic, but narrow-minded and frequently egoistic bourgeois.

See his Discours politiques et judiciaires, rapports et messages . . . accompagnés de notices historiques et précédés d’une introduction par L. Delabrousse (2 vols., 1888).

 GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641–1712), English vegetable anatomist and physiologist, was the only son of Obadiah Grew (1607–1688), Nonconformist divine and vicar of St Michael’s, Coventry, and was born in Warwickshire in 1641. He graduated at Cambridge in 1661, and ten years later took the degree of M.D. at Leiden,

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 12.djvu/610


text:
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title: User talk:Waiwai933


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Greuze, Jean Baptiste


text:
Obituary for Michael Stern Hart

Michael Stern Hart was born in Tacoma, Washington on March 8, 1947. He died on September 6, 2011 in his home in Urbana, Illinois, at the age of 64. His is survived by his mother, Alice, and brother, Bennett. Michael was an Eagle Scout (Urbana Troop 6 and Explorer Post 12), and served in the Army in Korea during the Vietnam era.

Hart was best known for his 1971 invention of electronic books, or eBooks. He founded Project Gutenberg, which is recognized as one of the earliest and longest-lasting online literary projects. He often told this story of how he had the idea for eBooks. He had been granted access to significant computing power at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. On July 4 1971, after being inspired by a free printed copy of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, he decided to type the text into a computer, and to transmit it to other users on the computer network. From this beginning, the digitization and distribution of literature was to be Hart's life's work, spanning over 40 years.

Hart was an ardent technologist and futurist. A lifetime tinkerer, he acquired hands-on expertise with the technologies of the day: radio, hi-fi stereo, video equipment, and of course computers. He constantly looked into the future, to anticipate technological advances. One of his favorite speculations was that someday, everyone would be able to have their own copy of the Project Gutenberg collection or whatever subset desired. This vision came true, thanks to the advent of large inexpensive computer disk drives, and to the ubiquity of portable mobile devices, such as cell phones.

Hart also predicted the enhancement of automatic translation, which would provide all of the world's literature in over a hundred languages. While this goal has not yet been reached, by the time of his death Project Gutenberg hosted eBooks in 60 different languages, and was frequently highlighted as one of the best Internet-based resources.

A lifetime intellectual, Hart was inspired by his parents, both professors at the University of Illinois, to seek truth and to question authority. One of his favorite recent quotes, credited to George Bernard Shaw, is characteristic of his approach to life:

"Reasonable people adapt themselves to the world. Unreasonable people attempt to adapt the world to themselves.  All progress, therefore, depends on unreasonable people."

Michael prided himself on being unreasonable, and only in the later years of life did he mellow sufficiently to occasionally refrain from debate. Yet, his passion for life, and all the things in it, never abated.

Frugal to a fault, Michael glided through life with many possessions and friends, but very few expenses. He used home remedies rather than seeing doctors. He fixed his own house and car. He built many computers, stereos, and other gear, often from discarded components.

Michael S. Hart left a major mark on the world. The invention of eBooks was not simply a technological innovation or precursor to the modern information environment. A more correct understanding is that eBooks are an efficient and effective way of unlimited free distribution of literature. Access to eBooks can thus provide opportunity for increased literacy. Literacy, and the ideas contained in literature, creates opportunity.

In July 2011, Michael wrote these words, which summarize his goals and his lasting legacy: “One thing about eBooks that most people haven't thought much is that eBooks are the very first thing that we're all able to have as much as we want other than air. Think about that for a moment and you realize we are in the right job." He had this advice for those seeking to make literature available to all people, especially children:

"Learning is its own reward. Nothing I can say is better than that."

Michael is remembered as a dear friend, who sacrificed personal luxury to fight for literacy, and for preservation of public domain rights and resources, towards the greater good.

This obituary is granted to the public domain by its author, Dr. Gregory B. Newby.

title: Obituary for Michael Stern Hart


text: Talk:Obituary for Michael Stern Hart

title: Talk:Obituary for Michael Stern Hart


text: Harmonium (Stevens)/Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird


text:
Declaration of possession of the Falkland Islands for the Government of Buenos Ayres

National Frigate Heroind at Port Soledad, November 2, 1820.

Sir,

I have the honour to inform you of the circumstance of my arrival at this port, commissioned by the supreme government of the United Provinces of South America to take possession of these islands in the name of the country to which they naturally appertain.

In the performance of this duty, it is my desire to act towards all friendly flags with the most distinguished justice and politeness.

A principal object is to prevent the wanton destruction of the sources of supply to those whose necessities compel or invite them to visit the islands, and to aid and assist such as require it to obtain a supply with the least trouble and expense.

As your views do not enter into contravention or competition with these orders, and as I think mutual advantage may result from a personal interview, I invite you to pay me a visit on board my ship, where I shall be happy to accommodate you during your pleasure.

I would also beg you, so far as comes within your sphere, to communicate this information to other British subjects in this vicinity. I have the honour to be,

Sir

Your most obedient humble Servant,

(Signed) Jewitt,

Colonel of the marine of the United Provinces of South America, and commander of the frigate Heroind.


text:
Page:Dictionary of spoken Russian (1945).djvu/477

 ревности. When they got home, she threw a fit of jealousy.

револьвер revolver.

революционер revolutionary. Мой друг — старый революционер. My friend is an old revolutionary.

революционный revolutionary.

революция revolution. Всё это — достижения Октябрьской революции. All these things are accomplishments of the October Revolution. — Это открытие произвело революцию в медицине. This discovery caused a revolution in medicine.

регистрация registration. Регистрация браков — комната номер пять. Marriage registration, room number five. □ Я сижу на регистрации, а это прескучная работа. I'm doing filing, and it's a very dull job.

регистрировать (both dur and pct/pct also за-/) to register. Кто у вас регистрирует вновь поступающих? Who registers the freshmen? • to record. Браки регистрирует вот эта служащая. That woman-official over there records marriages.

-ся to register (oneself).

регулярный regular. У нас уже начались регулярные занятия. Our regular studies have begun already. — Вам нужно вести очень регулярный образ жизни. You ought to lead a regular life. □ регулярно regularly. Нам доставляют почту регулярно. We get the mail regularly. — Мы собираемся регулярно раз в месяц. We meet regularly once a month.

редактор (/P -а, -ов/) editor. □ главный редактор editor-in-chief.

редакция editorial office. Редакция этажом выше. The editorial office is one flight up. □ Этот перевод вышел под редакцией известного учёного. This translation was edited by a famous scientist.

редиска radish. Принесите мне с рынка пучок редиски. Bring me a bunch of radishes from the market.

редкий (sh -дка; cp реже; редчайший) rare. В нашей области неграмотность стала теперь редким явлением. Illiteracy in our district has now become very rare. • unusually. Он человек редкой доброты. He is an unusually kind person. • seldom. Он редкий день не позвонит по телефону. A day seldom goes by that he doesn't telephone. • thin. У меня редкие волосы. I have thin hair. □ редко seldom. Почему вы нам так редко пишете? Why do you write to us so seldom? • rarely. Мне редко приходилось слышать нечто подобное. I've rarely heard anything like it. □ Он говорит редко да метко. He doesn't talk much but when he says something it's to the point.

редька white radish. Я очень люблю редьку. I like white radishes very much. □ *Он мне надоел хуже горькой редьки. I'm so tired of him I can't stand the sight of him. • *Хрен редьки не слаще. Six of one, half a dozen of the other.

реже See редкий.

режим regime. Это всё происходило ещё при царском режиме. It all happened during the Czarist regime. • program. У нас установлен режим экономии. We have a planned conservation program. □ Доктор предписал мне строгий режим. On doctor's orders I have to lead a regulated life.

режиссёр stage director.

режу See резать.

резать (режу, режет; dur) to cut. Ножницы тупые, совсем не режут. The scissors are so dull they don't cut at all. — Ручка чемодана больно режет руку. The handle of the suitcase cuts my hand badly. • to slice. Хлеб горячий, его ещё нельзя резать. The bread is hot; you can't slice it yet. • to cut open. Палец всё нарывает. Как видно, придётся резать. The finger is all infected. Evidently it will have to be cut open. □ резать слух to grate on one's ears. Какой неприятный голос! Просто слух режет. What an unpleasant voice! It just grates on your ears. □ Мы резали торф. We were digging peat. • Профессор сегодня не в духе и режет безжалостно. The professor is in a bad mood today and is flunking people right and left. • *Он всегда правду в глаза режет. He always calls a spade a spade.

резина rubber.

резинка eraser. Эта резинка стирает и карандаш и чернила. This eraser can be used for pencil and ink. • elastic. Есть у вас резинка для подвязок? Do you have any elastic for garters?

резкий (sh -зка; cp резче) biting. Какой сегодня резкий ветер! What a biting wind today! • shrill. Меня раздражат её резкий голос. Her shrill voice gets on my nerves. • glaring. Наденьте абажур на лампу! Я не переношу резкого света. Put a shade on the lamp. I can't stand such a glaring light. • sharp. Он говорит очень резким тоном. He speaks in a very sharp tone. • gruff. Я не знал, что он такой резкий человек. I didn't know that he was such a gruff person. • brusque. Он всех отталкивает своими резкими манерами. People avoid him because of his brusque manner. □ резко sharply. Погода резко изменилась. The weather changed sharply. • harshly. Вы слишком резко его критиковали. You criticized him too harshly. □ Она его резко оборвала. She cut him very short.

резолюция resolution. Его резолюция была отвергнута. His resolution was turned down. • decision. Заведующий должен положить свою резолюцию на это заявление. The manager has to make a decision on request.

результат result. Я пришёл узнать о результатах моего заявления. I came to find out about the result of my application. — Этот опыт дал блестящие результаты. The results of the experiment were brilliant. □ В результате вышла ерунде. Only a lot of nonsense came of it.

резче See резкий.

реки (a реку P реки, рек, рекам) river.

рекомеидация reference. У вас есть какие-нибудь рекомендации? Do you have any references? • recommendation. Вот вам образчик его работы — это лучшая рекомендация. Here's a sample of his work. It's his best recommendation.

рекомендовать (both dur and pct/pct also по-/) to recommend. Я горячо вам его рекомендую. I heartily recommend him to you. • to urge. Я вам очень рекомендую прочесть эту книгу. I heartily urge you to read this book. • to present. Вот рекомендую — наш первый ударник. Неге, may I present our best shock worker?

рекорд record. Какой рекорд установлен для бега на сто метров? What's the record for the hundred-yard dash? — В последнем состязании в беге он побил все рекорды. He


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 her, partly out of sympathy with this wish, and partly out of regard to Octavia. Thus when, later on, the school was started, Emily was able to help Octavia in a way she could not possibly have done otherwise.

In 1868, Miranda's health began to fail. She had begun work very early, and had found the strain of so many hours' teaching, added to the long walk, and exposure to weather, more than she could bear. It was therefore arranged that she should join her aunt and Florence in Italy, and obtain teaching there, while Mrs. Hill took over her English pupils.

May 1st, 1856.

I hope you arrived at Plaistow quite safely on Monday. Dear Miss Ockey I hope you are quite well and very happy; but I suppose that you are very happy with your dear friends.

Dear Miss Ockey we do miss you so dreadfully. I do so long to see you and hear your voice again. The place is so dull without you, and to me seems like a prison. I have been agoing to say so often—"Miss Ockey repeat some poetry (sic) or talk about birds, or do something."

Dear Miss Ockey, will you, if you please if it will not be too much trouble, get me a furn (sic); only gather it yourself, or else it will not do. Dear Miss Ockey I have thought so often of what you said on Saturday that two people could hardly work for one year without owing each other something; and I am ashamed and very very sorry to be obliged to come to the conclusion that all you owe me is the recollection of many unhappy days, and the great trouble and anxiety that I have been to you; for you said yourself that, when you were in bed of a night you used to think what could you do to


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 me to alter me; while on my part I owe you that no one on earth can ever repay you. Dear Miss Ockey your Mama as been reading to us out of Hewitt's "Boys' Country Book," and teaching us poetry. I hope you are not working, for I am sure Mr. Ruskin would not wish you.

How is dear little Emma? I hope you have some fun with her, and you will be able to tell us of the fun which you had with her. How does the beautiful celandine and violets and primroses look? On Tuesday I saw Mr. Morris running so quickly. Dear Miss Ockey do you know that I knew a person who was afraid to speak to there (sic) friends, what do you think of them? Do please come home on Saturday, and if you write to anyone will you tell them at what time you will be there dear Miss Ockey. I do not mean this for a hint, but if you take it for one I shall be very glad indeed. Will you give my love to the flowers?

I am yours ever truly and affectionately, 1em

No date (1856).

Well! if I had power, I certainly would write or draw something very bitter, sad, and severe about people; but it ought to go hand in hand with something deep, pathetic, and reverent about them. I wish I could draw or write; for I believe that I feel people's characters to my very fingers. I long to draw them as I see them, both when my spirit mourns over them, and when it bows before them. I say I feel their characters; and so I do, just as one feels the beauty or harshness of a colour or line.


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 Jan. 25, 1834.]

referring to the Epistles of the New Testament for proof of the duty of submission to Spiritual Authority, we are sometimes met by the objection, that the case is very much altered since the days of the Apostles, and since the extraordinary gifts of the have been withdrawn from the Church. Now it will readily be admitted, on all hands, that the state of the Church is very greatly altered since these miraculous powers have ceased; but at the same time we must not allow a general principle of this sort to set aside the authority of Holy Scripture, as far as regards our own practice, until, by a diligent and careful study of the Apostles' writings, we have found that the principle does really apply to the case in question; as, for instance, that the Apostolic Authority is grounded in Scripture upon the possession of miraculous powers, and therefore necessarily ceased when those powers were withheld. Let us then examine this point more particularly.

Have we then considered, in reference to this matter, that the extraordinary gifts of the were not confined to the appointed teachers of the Church, but were shed abroad upon the congregation at large, upon the young and the old alike, upon the servants, and upon the hand-maidens? (Comp. Joel ii. 28, 29.) It was the promise of the Old Testament, that, under the dispensation of the New Covenant, would write His Law in the hearts of His people, so that they should teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying; Know the, "for they shall all know Me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the ." (Jer. xxxi. 33, 34.) This promise, we are told in the Epistle to the Hebrews, was fulfilled in the Gospel; and St. John, in his First General Epistle, expressly acknowledges: the accomplishment of the Prophet's words. He says to


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Page:Life of Octavia Hill as told in her letters.djvu/103

 39, Devonshire Street, Queen's Square, July 5th, 1856.

, I regret to have to tell Harriet not to return to work till Thursday next, as I have said that those children who do not earn five shillings in a week should lose three days' work. I am very sorry to be obliged to say this, but I hope it, or a sense of the necessity of being industrious, will soon render any such law unnecessary. I shall be as pleased as proud when the day arrives, when I see all the children steady, earnest, and eager to do all they can to help those near and dear to them. I am sure their idleness results more from want of thought than anything else; but they must try to overcome this; and if they fail to do this because it is right to do so, they must be taught to do so by other means.

However, I ought to say that Harriet has improved very much indeed lately; she has been so much more gentle and steady, and more earnest about her lessons. It is therefore with much pleasure that I give her Mr. Neale's invitation to spend a day at his house, and hope that she may grow more and more good, gentle, generous, and earnest, working for you, herself and all whom she can benefit, not only willingly but unceasingly; and I am sure she will find in quiet earnest work a happiness and peace which are far more joyous than giddiness. I ought to tell you how much I love her, and how much life and pleasure she gives to all here. I am pleased to see her take a deeper interest in things, because I am sure we all care too little, and not too much for things; and rightly directed, her love for


text:
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 his "little children," "Ye have an unction from the Holy One, and ye know all things. I have not written unto you because ye know not the truth, but because ye know it. These things have I written unto you concerning them that seduce you. But the anointing which ye have received from Him abideth in you, and ye need not that any man teach you; but as the same anointing teacheth you of all things, and is truth, and is no lie, and even as it hath taught you, ye shall abide in Him." (1 John ii. 20, 21, 27.) Such general illumnination by Holy Spirit might seem to make any authoritative Apostolic declarations altogether unnecessary for the converts; but we still find St. John writing to them, and declaring his testimony to the Christian doctrine with much earnestness; and why? Let us hear his own words at the beginning of his Epistle; "That which we have seen and heard declare we unto you, that ye also may have fellowship with ; and truly fellowship is with the, and with His Son . And these things write we unto you, that your joy may be full." Here we have the object of the Apostle's affectionate address fully and clearly stated. He and his Fellow-Apostles, the witnesses of their Master's Life and Death and Resurrection, had received from Him a glorious revelation to communicate to the world; they had seen and did testify, that the sent the  to be the Saviour of the world; upon this foundation they were commissioned to build the Christian Church; and it was their holy and blessed office to "stablish, strengthen, settle" the faith of their "little children" in the Gospel; to tell them how they might keep themselves from the spirit of error; and continuing "stedfast in the Apostles' doctrine and fellowship," might through them have fellowship with the  and the, and so "rejoice with joy unspeakable and full of glory." Here we learn the full force of St. John's authoritative language. He was marking the lines of "the foundation of the Apostles and Prophets," in order that his disciples might duly be built upon their most holy faith into a temple meet for the habitation of through the ; they were  building, and the Apostle was one of the "wise master-builders," whom  had appointed to build His Spiritual House. And this view of the matter will become still clearer, if we study well the prayer which offered for His Church at the solemn moment when He


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 was just about to purchase it to Himself by the shedding of His precious Blood. We there find our Blessed, having first declared that His work was finished on earth, and having earnestly besought the now to glorify Him, proceeds to pray for His Apostles, that His  would preserve them in unity, and truth, and holiness. He says, "I have manifested Thy name unto the men which Thou gavest Me out of the world; I have given unto them the words that Thou gavest Me, and they have received them; Holy  keep through Thine own name those whom Thou hast given Me, that they may be one as We are. Sanctify them through Thy truth; Thy word is truth. As Thou hast sent Me into the world, even so have I also sent them into the world. And for their sakes I sanctify Myself, that they also might be sanctified through the truth." Thus did lay the foundations of His One Holy, Catholic, Apostolic Church; in the remainder of His prayer He intreats like blessings for all who should be built on this sure foundation, that they might be so joined together in unity of spirit by the Apostles' doctrine, as to be made an holy temple acceptable to  through Him. (Coll. for St. Simon and St. Jude.) "Neither pray I for these alone, but for them also which shall believe on Me through their word; that they all may be one, as Thou art in Me and I in Thee, that they also may be one in Us, that the world may believe that Thou hast sent Me." Accordingly we read that when, on the day of Pentecost, three thousand were brought to believe on through St. Peter's word, they were baptized into that holy communion, "and they continued stedfast in the Apostles' doctrine and fellowship," (according to a text already quoted,) and the  daily added fresh members to this Church. And in later times, when false teachers were gone abroad seducing the disciples, the Apostles wrote to them, declaring and reminding them what the Apostolic doctrine was, that they might have the joy fulfilled in themselves of knowing that they were in the unity of the Apostolic Church, one in and in the. And so St. Paul explains why he wrote to the Corinthians, "not for that we have dominion over your faith, but are helpers of your joy; for by faith ye stand." (2 Cor. i. 24.)

St. Peter, again, in his Second Epistle, uses exactly the same language with St. John. He writes as "a servant and an Apostle


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 all she cares for may be a constant source of joy to herself and others. I wish she would draw more. I am sure she would do it well.

With many thanks to you for all the pleasure she has given us, believe me, dear Mrs. J., yours very truly, 1em

The Cedars, July 24th, 1856.

For dear little Harriet from her friend Octavia Hill, with earnest hope that neither summer drought nor winter frost may ever deprive her of the rain, and that her trust, like the roots of the flowers she loves, may ever take more firm hold of God, as their little fibres do of the strong nourishing dear old earth.


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 of, to them that have obtained like precious faith with ; according as His divine power hath given unto all things that pertain unto life and godliness; exceeding great and precious promises, that by these ye might be partakers of the Divine nature;" i.e. he does not draw any line of difference between himself and his brethren, as if he had miraculous powers which they had not; but rests his teaching on the plain fact of his being commissioned, and commissioned with the simple object of communicating the doctrine which had been disclosed to him. He addresses his converts just as St. John does, not as though they were ignorant or unmindful of the truth, but in order to strengthen their conviction of those holy facts and doctrines to which he and his Brother-Apostles were commissioned to bear witness. "I will not be negligent," he says, "to put you always in remembrance of these things, though ye know them, and be established in the present truth. Yea, I think it meet, as long as I am in this tabernacle, to stir you up by putting you in remembrance. Moreover, I will endeavour that after my decease ye may have these things always in remembrance. For have not followed cunningly devised fables, when we made known unto you the power and coming of our, but were eye-witnesses of His Majesty,..... and this voice which came from heaven we heard, when we were with Him in the Holy Mount." Again he says, "This Second Epistle, beloved, I now write unto you; in both which I stir up your pure minds by way of remembrance, that ye may be mindful of the words which were spoken before by the holy Prophets, and of the commandment of us the Apostles of the  and ." For by adherence to the commandment of the Apostles, and the doctrine of the Prophets, it might be known that Christians were building themselves up on the only true foundation, even

But it is in St. Paul's writings that we shall find the fullest and clearest view of Apostolical Authority; and it is well worthy of our observation, that the Church upon which the Apostle most strongly enforces that Authority, is the very Church which is most distinguished in the New Testament for the abundance of its Spiritual gifts; so that clearly it was not an exclusive possession of miraculous powers, which constituted the distinction between Apostles and private Christians. He begins his First Epistle to the Corinthians by thanking on their behalf "for the grace of  which was


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 31, Red Lion Square, August 19th, 1856.

Do you remember a long time ago when you were at Marshals, taking a great interest in all that I told you of a little girl, called Elizabeth. I had not been able to find her house, and so had not seen or heard anything of her for many months—last night, however, as we were sitting expecting Mr. Simpson, some one came up and said, " Miss Ockey a little girl of the name of Elizabeth wants you." I ran down and led up the little girl. She is not much grown, has still a pale but pretty face; and her dark hair and eyelashes make her look quite southern; she speaks in a raised voice, and like a child; she is very small, but is, I believe, thirteen years old. She was so glad to see us. I asked her how she found us out. She had been first to the Guild, and was told, as she said, "That no such name lived there." She then determined to go to the other children's houses, to which she had been once last summer. She went to Clara's. She had moved; she went to Margaret's, she was out; but her mother directed her to Harriet's, and she is one of the girls who now works for us, so she told Elizabeth we now worked in Devonshire Street. "I told her she had better tell me your residence; for that Devonshire Street was such a long way. I thought so because of its name, but I must have come by the end of it, if it leads into Theobald's Road. I said the number of the house all the way for fear I forgot it." She said she has "been at service in a large gentleman's family at King's Cross where I did all the washing; I kep' it (meaning the situation) six months


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 but I was forced to give it up, it was too hard, for I had all the work to do, they didn't keep no other servant." "Have you seen anything of the country lately?" I asked. "Oh no Miss, I haven't seen it since you took me; oh, don't I remember Romford!" I had seen her large bright eyes looking earnestly at a bunch of glorious purple flowers I had brought with me, and I could not help giving her one piece to carry back to the miserable home she had left. Her father has lost his work through drinking, her mother has but little washing to do, and has two children younger than Elizabeth, and a baby. The eldest boy has work at 4/6 a week but he has to walk an immense way to it. They lived in Clerkenwell, over a rag-shop, where this little girl used to sleep in a back-parlour, but could not go to bed till after eleven or later, because the girl she slept with always kept the key; "for there was lots of rags there." And this is a child who seems meant to live wherever beauty may be found, comparatively without affection, utterly indifferent to home. She is hardly touched by kindness; but at the sight of flowers her face lights up, her eyebrows rise, her whole being seems expanded. I never, never shall forget her in the fields at Hampstead. She is high-spirited; and I trust she may not be crushed by sorrow. Energetic and persevering to the extreme, I think she will make herself master of events by submitting to their laws. She, alone of all my children, worked beautifully when I doomed her to do anything. "It is no use, it must be done," said in an unsympathetic tone, acted like magic. Indeed, she was altogether indifferent to sympathy. When I had to go and help and teach and encourage others, Elizabeth struggled on alone. She is gloriously proud, can stand alone, and say candidly to us


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 given them by, that in every thing they were enriched by Him in all utterance and in all knowledge, so that they came behind in no gift." But the Apostle goes on immediately to reprove them for their want of unity; it had been declared to him, that there were contentions among them. And how did these contentions arise? in low views of Apostolical Authority. They had forgotten that there was but One Foundation; One Building of ; One Rule, according to which the several builders must carry up the structure which Apostles had founded. And how did the Apostle endeavour to drive out the spirit of schism? by asserting and enforcing his own authority over them, as the one only father whom they had in the Gospel, (though they might choose for themselves ten thousand instructors,) and by sending Timothy to bring into their remembrance his ways which were in , as he taught every where in every Church. Thus were they to be brought back to the blessed unity of spirit of the One Catholic and Apostolic Church.—And here, by the way, we have light thrown upon the doctrine contained in the Epistles of Ignatius. Remarkable and consolatory to the inquirer after truth as is the evidence therein afforded to the divine appointment of Episcopacy, perhaps there is mingled with his satisfaction some surprise at the earnestness and frequency with which the Holy Martyr urges the doctrine. But it is plain, what the Apostles are in St. Paul's Epistles, such the Bishops are in those of Ignatius, centers of unity; and as St. Paul, when denouncing schism, magnifies the Apostolic Office, in just the same natural, or rather necessary way, does Ignatius oppose the varieties of opinion in his own day by the doctrine of Episcopacy.—To return: the same Apostle writes to the Church of Rome; "I myself am persuaded of you, my brethren, that ye also are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish one another. Nevertheless, brethren, I have written the more boldly unto you in some sort, as putting you in mind, because of the grace that is given to me of, that I should be the Minister of to the Gentiles, ministering the Gospel of ." (Rom. xv. 14—16.) The passage which follows is worthy of especial notice, as shewing that the Apostles marked out for themselves distinct provinces, so that each had his own Diocese, as it were, his own peculiar sphere of duty and authority. St. Paul tells us he strove to preach not


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 where was named, lest he should build upon another man's foundation, (ibid. 20.). Each laid down for himself his own "measure," and would not stretch beyond it. (2 Cor. x. 14.) And this will perhaps help to explain the fact which early tradition hands down to us of the wide dispersion of the Apostolic Body. At all events, it is certain from History, that the different Churches claiming Apostolic Descent, were very careful to maintain the practices which they had each derived from their respective Founders. To the Church of Corinth accordingly St. Paul writes as its sole Founder and Father, claiming upon this ground Supreme Authority over it in the name of. And with this Epistle before us, we cannot doubt of the conclusion which we have already seen may be clearly enough deduced from other Epistles of the New Testament, viz. that the Authority which the Apostles claim for themselves, they claim, not on the ground of high supernatural endowments, (for these were the possession of the Church at large,) but on the ground of "the Grace and Apostleship" which they had received from, the Head of the Christian Church, "for obedience to the faith among all nations for His name." That is, they refer directly to their Commission as His Apostles, to go into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature; they refer to the Authority with which He invested them when He stood in the midst of them, and said unto them, "as My hath sent Me, even so  I you;" and bade them receive the, to be with them in the prosecution of their High and Holy Office. This point is very strikingly exhibited in the First Epistle to the Corinthians, because there the possession of extraordinary gifts, and the possession of Spiritual Authority, are brought into immediate contrast with each other. The Corinthians, proud of the gifts of other teachers, had raised parties in opposition to St. Paul, and questioned his authority. How then did he maintain it? not by claiming higher gifts and graces for himself, (though he spoke with tongues more than they all,) but by referring to his Office, as a Minister and an Apostle of, whose One Spirit governs the whole body of the Church, appointing divers orders, and dividing to every man severally as He will. That he was an Apostle he proved by the fact, that he had been equally favoured with the Twelve; that he had seen our in the flesh; and had received the


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 what she thinks. There is not one-half the feeling about equality in classes in any of the others, notwithstanding all their talk, that there is in her, with her free, independent spirit. Twice, and twice only, have I seen it broken, and then but for a short time; once because she came late and I ordered her to leave work. Her mother it seems would not let her come without breakfast; her father had been out all night drinking, and had not returned with the money. And again when she heard she was to leave, she cried as though her little strong heart would break;—still, unlike the others, not complaining, but passionately. When the last day of work came, and the others were all miserable, she was laughing, calling it the day of judgment, and hopping about like a little spirit of evil. And, when the last moment came, she only made a bow, and said good-bye like a little cockatoo, and left us. Left us; and went where no mother's love was strong enough to call forth love which ought to direct that strong will, and mighty energy,—to Clerkenwell, where no gleam of beauty should gladden, and so soften, her little heart; where the angel face, that I have seen smile forth from below wreaths of flowers instinctively arranged, and most beautifully so, should cease to be beautiful because children's faces are often like deep water, reflecting only the images of what they see. The strength of her nature will not leave her; but to what will it be applied? who will direct the strong will? who will cultivate the latent powers? who will call forth the spirit of love?

I have written more than I intended, I only meant to let you know we had seen Elizabeth as you seemed to take an interest in her. She is coming to me on Thursday at Devonshire Street.


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 September 10th, 1856.

It was such a pretty little cottage where I went. It has a thatched roof with pretty green creepers all over it, and the birds come and build their nests there, and bees and wasps make nests there. At the back of this house there are some beautiful fields, and into these I went, and all round was the garlands of bright nightshade. The field looked one glow of scarlet berries, and of course I gathered some for my dear Miss Ockey, and I put some nightshade and some of Miss Ockey's own thistles and some buttercups together. The buttercups always remind me of dear Miss Florence. I never see one without thinking of the day I first went with her in the fields, how she jumped up those banks! I think she sprang up them like the silvery-footed Antelope does about the rocks. Miss Ockey was at Miss Harris's on Sunday and Monday and she did some photographs of leaves, and Miss Harris is agoing to do us each one of our favourite leaves. Mr. Furnivall came on Saturday to see the drawing class given, was not that a gloriously beautiful thing? … Mr. Evans the toy dealer has gave us an order of a pound's worth of things, and when they were taken in, he gave another order for another nine shillings' worth of things. Is not that good news? I think we all go on better with our work. Last week I earned ten shillings at ring stands, which I think was wonderful, because I never did any before. … Please come back soon. You have got four weeks longer to stay now. It seems as if you had been away two years.


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 October, 1856.

Oh, about Tom Brown! No it is not by Arthur Hughes, the artist, but by Thos. Hughes, the barrister, the friend of Mr. Maurice, teacher of gymnastics at the College, co-worker with Mr. Furnivall in establishing social meetings, etc.; one of the brightest, best men in the world. I think the book one of the noblest works I have read, possessing the first element one looks for in n great book, namely progress—a book, too, opposed to the evil of the age, as I think, sadness. I know you may say, " Oh! that is the fault of the bit of the world you see as a worker, one who sees the poor, and who knows earnest people." There is a sorrow which I honour; and I believe Mr. Hughes would too; but I speak of that sorrow which eats into their warmest heart, and fights ever against their energy, urging them to hopelessness and despair, the selfish sadness that asks itself continually, "What have I of joy?" I speak of the sadness pervading all classes, which rushes with sickening force on the young lady who has danced most gaily at the ball, when she begins to unfasten her sash in her own room; which weighs heavily on the comfortable old lady as she sits in her drawing room, to receive guests; which makes the worker gaze in gloomy despondency on the long long wearying days of toil, and makes the poor man say, " Nothing but care and trouble, and hard work, and the workhouse at last,"—each and all saying, " What is the end and purpose of all this?"—I feel the book is a healthy blow at all this way of looking at things; and, as such, I hold it to possess the second element of a great book, namely fitness, for the age in which it is written. Then I feel that shadow of Dr. Arnold thro'out the book, the presence and


text: Index:Spanish Constitution of 1978 English translation.pdf


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 that, they have less of an appearance to keep up. Are they better for it? Does that effort to appear something not help to keep up self-respect? I rather think it does. But in all classes there is the same care; all thought bent upon that which must be paid for, whether to-morrow's dinner, or neat gloves in which to go to church next Sunday. But God be thanked for English home life! say I, whenever I come in from visiting anywhere. See how, if one is ill, all the calculations are gone and forgotten in a moment; and the full ardour of love is given with a depth of tenderness that withers in a moment all worldly considerations.—I saw Louisa to-night set out to walk about four miles home, after coming from Netting Hill this morning,—walking twice from here to Devonshire Street, and I do not know how many miles yesterday. I stood and watched her among the hurrying crowd. She was walking slowly, for her feet were terribly sore, and as she was lost to view, I noticed how the gas-light flared in the foggy night on the worn faces near me.

October 27th, 1856.

I am so much disappointed not to finish the illumination. But what a day I have had! One continual whirl of doing and remembering, taking addresses, examining pupils, covering books, sorting copy-books, but (most tiring of all) trying to attend to fifty people at once, with the knowledge that at least five of them will be offended if they think themselves the least in the world slighted, and that they think I have no right to be indifferent to what they think. I am so glad to-morrow night I shall see Mr. Maurice. Oh! Mary, think of that!


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 I don't know what there is in the word "lady" which will connect itself with all kinds of things I despise and hate; first and most universally it suggests a want of perseverance, and bending before small obstacles, a continual "I would if———"

October 29th, 1856.

I can scarcely see because of the terrible fog, but I must tell you what I know you will be very glad to hear;—all my immediate fear about the toys is over, as I have this morning received an order from the same wholesale house to which we had furnished specimens of the toys some time ago. This will not, I think, necessitate my taking an additional worker, as the Bazaar gets on so very badly just now; but only fancy how delightful it would be to have the business steadily increase. These wholesale dealers, too, are so delightful to do business with, as they always pay ready money, order things in large quantities, and never change their minds when things are half done.

4, Russell Place, November 4th, 1856.

I have left off learning my Latin as I walk to Devonshire Street, and get a little time to think. I wish the children were better. They have not at all gone back, but I should like to be able to try them by a higher standard. I think they grow mentally and morally lazy. They care about history, natural history, geography and many other things, if once I begin to talk till they are thoroughly interested, and go on without


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cane, Robert


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Canes, Vincent


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 giving them trouble; and I—yes the fault always finds its way home—I get lazy and would rather dream and think, rather be silent than sing or talk; and so we very often stagnate, except as far as our hands are concerned. I must study something for them but when? … Andy says she is quite as ignorant about dress as you can possibly be. She thanks you very much for the lace, which she thinks beautiful. I say she because I know nothing about it, but do thank you very heartily, as far as I am capable of thinking on the subject.

November 9th, 1856.

If you knew or could imagine what effect the presence of a noble soul can have on those usually surrounded by a hurrying struggling crowd; what it is to be taught to look at spiritual beauty; what to a much worn care-pressed being it is to know at last that, shut out tho' she has seemed from all the best and most honourable around her, borne downwards as she has been by the weight of many sorrows, much anguish and inward evil, there is yet left, even on this earth, one who will take her as she is, and love her because she has that in her which is God given. This last she will learn afterwards, and I know that, deep in those hearts hardened by crime and degraded, there yet is human feeling to be called out by nothing so much as trust and love.

39, Devonshire Street, November 9th, 1856.

I thank God for work, and for so blessing our work. I believe I might often say with Ruskin


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 the first clause of the sentence, certainly always the last, "I am happy while I work; when I play I am miserable."

Is it not strange that tho' I have an unusually clear idea of the sermon, the only impression last Sunday afternoon is one of complete quiet? It was no effort to understand, nor was I, as usual, dreadfully tired in church; but I had the consciousness, not of peace nor of rest, but of quiet, such as when one sits out of doors in the country, not thinking, only seeing.

4, Russell Place, January 17th, 1857.

On Wednesday evening we went to hear Ruskin give a lecture on the occasion of the presentation of some money offered by him as a prize; but, owing to the imperfection of the work, the money was divided between the competitors, as some compensation for their loss of time. Their failure, he explained, was mainly owing to his having set them to work which was not possible for them to do well;—the carving of a panel, the subject to be taken from some historical event of the year. Apparently both parties took it for granted that it was to be about the Crimean War; for Ruskin said that he had overlooked the fact that no one could represent that which he had never seen; and, when the old builders lived, happily for art, but unhappily for the nations, wars were continually fought within sight, their scenes were present with the workman; they haunted him; he dreamed of them by night, and could not help carving them. Ruskin had expected better things of the workmen, because he saw with what spirit cheap periodicals were illustrated; really we see quite


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 things in them. He had expected, too, that there would have been many competitors, and there were only two. He felt sorry for the failure; but not so sorry as he would have been, had he not noticed that things which begin too swimmingly do not always succeed so well as those which fail at first. The workmen would not be altogether pleased that instead of a prize, he gave them a lecture. "Last year," he said, "while travelling in the North of Scotland I was very painfully impressed by the absence of any art—amongst grand natural scenery; the inhabitants seem to be utterly without any art-expression of their perception of it; no buildings rise, no pictures are painted; truly the huts of grey stone are roofed with the peat, set picturesquely in oblique lines, which seem to have been marked by the stroke of some gigantic claymore. The only evidence of any power of design among them is the arrangement of the lines of colour in the tartan. And in Inverness, a city built on the shore of the most beautiful estuary in the world, at the foot of the Grampians, set as it were like a jewel to clasp the folds of the mountains to the blue zone of the sea the only building which has evidence of any recognition of art is the modern decorated prison."

4, Russell Place, March 19th, 1857.

Some time ago Miss Sterling had a very long conversation with me on the way I am ruining my health, but especially about Sunday work; and I told her just what I have felt about it—that to leave off working was a privilege, to continue a duty—that I dared not claim any time as my own; that I had sometimes felt


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 as if I had earned a time to rest or enjoy leisure; and then had been convinced that all time was God's and to be used for Him.

Miss Sterling mentioned it to Mr. Maurice, and in consequence he asked me to go to his house this evening, to talk to him about it. He spoke very beautifully indeed about it, and of course very kindly to me. He thought that rest was as much a part of God's order as work was; that we have no right to put ourselves out of that order, as if we were above it. He told me that the division of things into duties and privileges was an arbitrary one; there is no such broad distinction, every privilege involves a duty; our highest privilege is to perform our duty; rest is as much a duty as work; it is very self-willed to try to do without it; it is really hopeless to try to exist, if one is for ever giving out, and never receiving; nor does he think that the doing of actions rightly, brings with it enough of this receiving. He also advised that I should go to church every Sunday morning with Mama, as he believed it would be a great bond of union.

And, Mary, I could not help the tears coming into my eyes, and my voice being choked at feeling so cared for by one so noble, so infinitely strong, so perfectly calm; and a strange sense of perfect peace, such as I have not felt since I saw you, stole over me. And yet I was so hard, so unconvinced, and so strangely bitter; bitter, with myself in feeling how much of pride had made me think I could stand without help; and we sat quite silent for a few moments. At last Mr. Maurice spoke in a deep full voice, you felt what a depth of human sympathy was in it: " Will you think about it then, Miss Hill?"


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 I felt how I trusted him; and told him that I did not see clearly about it, but would do what he advised, and then perhaps all would be plainer to me. "I am quite sure it will," he said; and wishing him good-bye I came away.

45, Great Ormond St., July 1st, 1857.

I did not go to Mr. Neale's and the children made a horrid mess of it. Miss C. forgot the name of the station; and they went to Beddington and had to walk eight miles, and other absurdities. I saw Rossetti last night, and learned that Ruskin is not going abroad, but to Manchester, Oxford, etc., to lecture. He starts to-day. He was at Russell Place, to see the pictures; but did not see any of us. Rossetti was so friendly, I could not hate him, with his bright bright eyes, and recalling, as he did, dear people; and le was so kind too. … Miss R. has heard of our being confirmed. … Mr. Maurice has been lecturing on [ilton before the Royal Society.

45, Great Ormond St., July 8th, 1857.

… What fine efforts you are making about the toys! They quite put me to shame. How nice it is tho', that we can work together, tho' we are so far apart, is it not? … I hope you will get to know Mrs. Browning some day. How glorious that thunder-storm


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 must have been! Do you know I am to teach all the classes this autumn, except singing, (all is not many reading, writing and arithmetic). The ladies are all going out of town … Do you know I so enjoyed my visit to Weybridge last April. I have never enjoyed a visit there so much. I enjoyed the riding so, and how beautiful the country is! … (Of a visit to Buckinghamshire she writes): You know there are acres and acres and acres of beech woods, valleys and hills clothed and covered with them, and there are rounded hills with most beautiful slopes; and from little cleared spaces in the woods one catches a glimpse of far off purple hills, and nearer hills covered with wood, and farm-houses with their great barns golden-roofed, with lichen lying in a sheltered hollow; and the great bare head of some uncovered hill, cut with clear outline against the sky; and then perhaps we plunged into the depths of the woods again, where the sunlight fell between the fan-like branches of the beeches and thro' their leaves like a green mist, on to the silver stems, and on to the ground russet with last year's fallen leaves, perhaps upon the crest of some tall fern, or upon a sheet of blue speedwells, or on some little wood sorrel plant, or a grey tree stump, touched with golden lichen, or gold-green moss. And then the larks, cuckoos, and nightingales seemed hardly to stop by night or day, but kept up a glad sweet chorus.—The classes will be over in a minute, and then I must go. Forgive this short letter. I will try to write more next time. I often think of you, dear dear little Flo, and love to see "Loke" at the beginning of a letter. It is your own name, and no one else uses it, so it always reminds me of you.


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 4, Russell Place, Fitzroy Square, July 17th, 1857.

If you could bring me anything at any time to draw I should be so glad. I am so tired of privet, and dusty hornbeam, especially when I have drawn one piece several times, and don't the least know when I shall get a fresh one; and if, moreover, the things you brought told me a little about far, fair places, where they grew, they would help me.

The following letter refers to the building of a school at All Saints', Suffolk.

4, Russell Place, Fitzroy Square, W., August 14th, 1857.

I return the tracings. I decidedly prefer No. 3 to any which you can choose. I mean I approve of your choice entirely, under the circumstances. At the same time, I enclose a small extract from Ruskin, bearing on the subject. Now I should not propose altering any but the entirely square windows. But, if that were possible, they would be much more beautiful. I am afraid they would have to be a little lower down, to make room for the shield, as they call it (namely, you understand, the solid block of stone), which need not, I think, necessarily be carved at all, though it would be more beautiful, of course. One or two words, or even letters, that were appropriate, might perhaps be found and placed on the shields. At any rate the Committee could hardly object, could they? The opening, you understand, would be square as ever. I suppose each window would require


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 * Thank you! :) --Langus-TxT (talk) 23:18, 20 May 2012 (UTC)

How is your Portuguese?
Ainda mesmo que a Corveta Heroina fosse do Governo de Buenos-Ayres, ou de armador para isso authorisado, e que viesse fazer a guerra aos inimigos daquelle Governo, não deixaria por isso de ser hum Pirata, e não hum Corsario Legal, á vista dos factos provados no Precesso; porque todas e quaesquer prezas por ella feitas devião ser competentemente julgadas, antes do que não permitte o direito das gentes dispor de cousa alguma do navio aprezado, salvo o caso de extrema necessidade, circunstancia que nunca se deo nos navios que forão aprezados pela Heroina, principio este expressamente adoptado nas Instrucções do Governo de Buenos-Ayres impressas no anno de 1817, que diz o Commandante da Heroina se lhe mandárão observar, e contra as quaes elle obrou sempre, porque tomando o Maypu dispoz immediatemente delle, e da sua importante carga, sem dependencia de alguma outra formalidade mais que da sua vontade; tomou e roubou navios Portuguezes, quando confessa que o Governo do Reino-Unido de Portugal he considerado Amigo pelo de Buenos-Ayres, pretextando o facto da tomada do navio Viscondeça do Rio Seco com o fundamento de ir armado sem licença, e andar no negocio da Escravatura; bem como pretexta a sua venda, e a remessa da carga para Buenos-Ayres por causa da sua incapacidade de navegar; fundamentos estes evidentemente falsos, por que o navio Viscondeça do Rio Seco levava o Passaporte de folhas 11 dado na Corte do Rio de Janeiro para ir aos Portos da Costa de Africa Occidental, onde a Escravatura era permittida aos Subditos do Reino-Unido de Portugal, e quando foi tomado sahia para esta Commissão prompto e capaz; e tanto estava capaz de navigação que tomando-o a Heroina em 12 de Julho só o fez entrar na Ilha de S. Vicente em 31 de Agosto, como he expresso no Diario nautico da Heroina, no qual se dá como unica causa da tomada do Navio Viscondeça do Rio Seco o ser o Commandante da Heroina informado de que elle ia negociar na Escravatura; e se o navio Viscondeça do Rio Seco foi tomado legitimamente e não estava capaz de navegação para que fui necessario praticar o Commandante da Heroina o caviloso e sinistro contracto de folhas 7 do Appenso C ? Do mesmo Diario consta terem-se de preposito ommittido as occorrencias da Caça, e combate dado ao Bergantim Providencia, assim como se acha nelle papel branco para a Escripturação do dia immediato 9 de Agosto, o que prova manifestamente existerem naquella caça e combate circunstancias para as quaes se não achava authorisado o Commandante da Heroina.

Even though the Corvette Heroina was from the Government of Buenos-Ayres, or shipowner for that authorised, and come to make war on enemies of that Government, he would therefore be a Pirate, and not a Legal Corsair, in view of the facts proven in the Process; because everyone and whatever prizes made by her must be competently judged, rather than not allowing the right of people dispose of anything on the dear ship, except in the case of extreme necessity, circumstance that never happens on the ships that will be treasured by Heroina, this principle expressly adopted in the Instructions of the Government of Buenos-Ayres printed in the year 1817, which says the Commandant of Heroina will be ordered to observe, and against the which he always worked, because taking the Maypu it immediately has it, and its important cargo, without dependence on any other formality more than her will; took and stole ships Portuguese, when he confesses that the Government of United Kingdom of Portugal is considered a Friend by of Buenos-Ayres, on the pretext of taking the ship Viscondeça do Rio Seco on the basis of go armed without a license, and walk in the business of Slavery; as well as the pretext of selling it, and the shipping the cargo to Buenos-Ayres because of your inability to navigate; these fundamentals evidently false, because the ship Viscondeça do Rio Seco carried the Passport of 11 sheets given in the Court of Rio de Janeiro to go to Portos da Costa from West Africa, where slavery was allowed to Subdicts of the United Kingdom of Portugal, and when was taken sahia for this Commission prompt and capable; and so much was capable of sailing that taking it to Heroina on July 12th just did it to enter the island of S. Vicente on August 31, as it is expressed in the Diario nautico da Heroina, in which given as the sole cause of the taking of the Viscondeça ship from Rio Seco to be the Commander of the Heroina informed that he was going to trade in Slavery; and if the ship Viscondeça do Rio Seco was taken legitimately and was not able to browse to that it was necessary to practice the Commandant of the Heroine the sinister and sinister contract of leaves 7 of the Appended C ? The same Diary contains the purpose of omitted the occurrences of Hunting, and given combat to Bergantim Providencia, as it is in it white paper for immediate day scripting August 9th, which clearly proves to exist in those hunting and fighting circumstances for which if the Commandant of the Heroin.

My next project will be to trancribe the trial and conviction of Mason and Jewett for piracy and slavery. I trust you will do the right thing and self-revert. Wee Curry Monster (talk) 10:01, 17 July 2021 (UTC)

 * Congratulations on the original research but no, I'm afraid that the right thing to do is to leave out of Wikisource highly dubious qualifications like the one you're trying to push on David Jewett since 6 years ago.

 * The trial you're translating was on Mason, not Jewett. The Viscondeça do Rio Seco and Providencia were captured my Mason, not Jewett. Jewett was put to trial in Buenos Aires regarding his captures and behavior before Mason took over the ship, and he was approved and praised by the jury. He went on to have a remarkable career at the Brazilian Navy where he received the Order of the Southern Cross. The only secondary sources that treat him as "a pirate" are a small amount of less academic, pro-British authors. Langus-TxT (talk) 03:39, 20 July 2021 (UTC)

 * I was giving you the benefit of the doubt and the chance to do the right thing. The right thing is of course to describe Jewett accurately and neutrally as described by sources; its not the right thing to find excuses to ignore sources you don't like and to suppress facts.  It's an interesting historical document that documents the trial of the pirate ship Heroina, not just the Captains, Jewett was convicted in absentia of piracy.  He was also accused of piracy by the US and could never return home as a result.  In any case, your insistence a conviction is required is a false paradigm; Edward Teach was never convicted of piracy but no one would ever accuse me of POV editing for calling him a pirate except perhaps you.  The Portuguese trial is fairly scathing of the prize court in Buenos Aires, which was not a trial of Jewett as you imply and did not exonerate him.  His remarkable career with the Brazillian navy was mainly fighting Argentina, a nation that he had grown to despise in later life as he felt he was cheated.  Sources do generally describe him as a pirate, neutral sources, not as you claim "pro-British" authors, which is the moniker you apply to any source that isn't Argentine.  It is deeply sad that after editing for years you still don't get it, you're not editing to provide the Argentine POV as you see it, then engage a battle with British editors who provide the British POV, you edit for neutrality.  The really sad part is that you're so desperate to avoid the accurate description of Jewett as a pirate, as you perceive it damages Argentine claims, not because of any concern for this project or neutrality. It's so sad you have this urge to suppress the truth.  Wee Curry Monster (talk) 10:23, 20 July 2021 (UTC)

As is seems you have ignored my comment, I have restored the text. This time I have added 4 supporting cites, Two are Argentine, 1 is contemporary US and 1 is academic. I trust this will be sufficient to counter your suggestion this a "British POV". Further your suggestion that the capture of Rampart was approved, I draw your attention to Pena and Pena, who note that the furore created by the capture of the Rampart and the discord it caused with the US caused Rivadavia to revoke all Corsairs licenses against Spain. There is also an interesting discussion about the Corsair's licensing by BA being little more than a cover for piracy. No need to buy the book, the relevant sections are available free here. Wee Curry Monster (talk) 17:53, 4 August 2021 (UTC)

 * As suggested by admins, cool off and rise these questions on the Author's talk page before introducing changes you know are contentious. But again, this has already been discussed 6 years ago, by the same editors. I endorse the suggestion of letting it be. Langus-TxT (talk) 09:50, 11 August 2021 (UTC)

title: User talk:Langus-TxT


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Author:David Jewett

Works

 * Declaration of possession of the Falkland Islands for the Government of Buenos Ayres (1820)
 * Act of Sovereignty delivered to Captain W. B. Orne by Colonel David Jewett, Falkland Islands, 1820
 * Report of Col. David Jewett, Commander of the privateer Heroina, to the Supreme Director of Buenos Aires, February 1st, 1821

title: Author:David Jewett


text:
Author:James Weddell

Works

 * A voyage towards the South Pole: performed in the years 1822-24 (1825)

title: Author:James Weddell


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 three little shields. I think you will quite understand about them from the drawing I send you. It is the window Ruskin refers to (thirteenth century, Oakham Castle). I could not resist doing a little towards beginning to shade it; but, in spite of that, I think you'll understand it. I leave it entirely to you to apply the suggestion, if practicable. Tell Mr. Durrant I admire the arrangement of large square panes very much. I think I even prefer it to the quarries. I am very glad indeed to have influenced, in the least degree, his wish to have Gothic windows. I'll make a finished drawing, or clear tracing of this window, if you want it; but yours will be so simple that this will not be of any use, I think, except to explain the plan, which my rough sketch will do.

I have seen Ruskin's manager to-day, and had a long talk about Ruskin, which I enjoyed much. …

P.S.—There is not the smallest necessity for the aperture of the window being of a pointed shape. Make the uppermost arch pointed only, and make the top of the window square, filling the interval with a stone shield, and you may have a perfect school of architecture, not only consistent with, but eminently conducive to every comfort of your daily life. The window in Oakham Castle is an example of such a form actually employed in the thirteenth century.

4, Russell Place, W., September 22nd, 1857.

Amelia has taken the toys, and in a rather different spirit from Mr. P. She said to Miranda,


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 doctrines of His Gospel, and grace to preach them to the world. This was the simple ground on which he claimed Authority; it was not, because of the gifts or graces which he as an individual possessed; nor was it because he had laboured more abundantly than all the other Apostles; nor because of his signal labours and afflictions for sake. He mentions these in his Second Epistle, to show, that if he chose to adopt the language of his adversaries, he had a better right than they to glory; but all the while he tells the Corinthians that he was "become a fool in glorying;" that they had compelled him; that he could show the signs of an Apostle, and needed no epistles of commendation. It was in right of his Office that he claimed Authority; it was for the sake of that Office that he endeavoured to give no offence in any thing, but in all things to approve himself as the Minister of.

Now, perhaps some persons may be disposed to think that this Apostolical Authority would terminate with the Apostles themselves, with the favoured men who had been "eye-witnesses and ministers of the word," and could declare to others what they had themselves heard and seen. This might appear probable, if we had only our own reasonings to go upon, but Scripture teaches us a very different lesson. When St. Paul felt that his time was now nearly come, he writes to Timothy, his "dearly beloved son," giving him his last solemn charge, as to one who was henceforth to occupy the post which he had hitherto, by grace, maintained in the battles of his. He earnestly commands him, "watch in all things, endure afflictions, do the work of an Evangelist, make full proof of thy ministry. For I am now ready to be offered, and the time of my departure is at hand. I have fought the good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith." This faith which St. Paul had so anxiously kept, was now to be committed to Timothy's charge; he had already been put in trust with the Gospel by the and the imposition of the Apostles' hands; and now upon Him was to devolve the solemn responsibility of being left in charge of the Apostles' testimony, and of handing it down to future ages. "Be not thou therefore ashamed," says the Apostle, "of the testimony of our Lord, nor of me His prisoner; Hold fast the form of sound words which thou hast heard of me in faith


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 and love which is in. That good thing which was committed unto thee, keep by the which dwelleth in us." And, in reminding him of this indwelling of the, the promise of  to His Ministers, the Apostle endeavours, with evident anxiety, to embolden Timothy, by filling him with a sense of the authority and power committed to him. "I put thee in remembrance, that thou stir up the gift of  which is in thee by the putting on of my hands. For  hath not given us the spirit of fear, but of power, and of love, and of a sound mind ." "Thou, therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in. And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also ." This last passage is very important, because it shows so clearly that the testimony which the Apostles bore to did not cease with their ministry, but was to be transmitted along the sacred line of those whom they ordained, and so handed down to those who were to come after. And where does this line end? Blessed be, it has not ended yet; and  promise gives us the comfortable assurance that it shall last "even to the end of the world." Down to our days, the Church has been "a witness and keeper of Holy Writ," (Art. xx.) and so faithful a witness, and so watchful a keeper, that we can feel as certain of the facts of the Gospel History, and so of the glorious doctrines which rest upon them, as if we heard them from the Apostles' own lips. And how beautifully are we reminded of St. Paul's dying charge to Timothy, when we see the Fathers of our own Church laying their hands on the heads of their sons in the faith, bidding them receive the for their high office and work in the Church of, and charging them to be faithful dispensers of the Word of  and His Holy Sacraments; and then delivering into their hands that Holy Book which the Church has preserved and handed down, with authority to preach it in the congregation! Thus is the testimony of the Apostles still delivered in the Church, which is "the pillar and ground of the truth;" and


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 thus do their Successors declare it with authority, " also bearing them witness," not indeed now, "with signs, and wonders, and divers miracles," but still according to His own most true promise with invisible "gifts of the ."

Let us now return to see how St. Paul exercised his Apostolical Authority. He had been consulted by the Church of Corinth upon several questions which had caused difference of opinion among them; how then does he decide these questions? In the first place, he draws a broad line of distinction between the points on which he had an express commandment of his to go upon, and those on which he had to give his own judgment. In some cases he says, "I command;" in others, "not I, but the ." As a Minister and Steward of household, his first consideration was, whether in the course of His ministry his Master had left him any explicit commandment; if he found no such commandment, his next duty was to decide the question by the principles of  Gospel. In this case, he gave his "judgment, as one that had obtained mercy of the Lord to be faithful," as having been "allowed of to be put in trust with the Gospel;" and in such decisions he felt assured that he had the Spirit of God. Accordingly he says with confidence, "If any man think himself to be a prophet or spiritual, let him acknowledge that the things that I write unto you are the commandments of the ;" referring at the same time to his Apostolical Authority, "What? came the word of out from you? or came it unto you only? is it nothing to you that the Apostles have so ordained, and the Catholic Church so received and practised?" And now I would ask, where is the essential difference between the Apostolic age and our own, as to the relation in which Ministers and His people stand to each other? I do not say that the Ministers of His word in these days can feel so sure as the Apostles could, that in the commandments which they give they have the of ; very far from it. But I do say, that neither can the people feel so sure as in those days of miraculous gifts, that they have the of  with them; and thus the relation between the two parties remains the same. Since the times of the Apostles and of miracles, the City of is, as it were, come down from heaven to earth; the


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 scene is changed, but the city remains the same. The Corner-stone is the same, its foundations are the same; if it be not built up by the same heavenly rule, it will not be the city that is at unity in itself, the city of Him, who "is not the Author of confusion, but of peace, as in all Churches of the Saints." His works at sundry times in divers manners according to His own Almighty wisdom; sometimes He descends upon His Ministers with an audible sound and in a visible form; and sometimes invisibly, amidst the deep silence and the prayers of His faithful congregation. Outward appearances may be changed, yet His Mighty Agency remains the same; and it will be our wisdom and our blessedness to feel and acknowledge His presence in the "still small voice," as well as in the "mighty and strong wind," and in "the fire." For though miracles and tongues may have ceased, He has never ceased to send forth Apostles, and Prophets, and Evangelists, and Pastors, and Teachers; nor will He cease to send them until the work of their ministry is accomplished in "the edification of the body of ;" "till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the of, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of ."

The question to which these few observations refer, is one, it must be allowed, of much importance. Our Blessed declares to His Apostles, "As My  hath sent Me, even so send I you." Again He says, "He that heareth you, heareth Me; and he that despiseth you, depiseth Me." It becomes then a grave question, to whom did address these words? To the Twelve Apostles exclusively, or to them and their Successors to the end of the world? It is surely worth our while carefully to search the Scriptures with a view to ascertain this point. And while we do this, let us bear constantly in mind that slight intimations of our Will are in their degree as much binding upcm us as express commands; that he who knows what probably his  Will is, will be judged as one who had probability to guide him; that he who knew not through negligence or slothfulness, will have his negligence or slothfulness to answer for. It will not be a sufficient excuse for us that we thought all that was said in


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 the New Testament of Apostolical Authority could apply only to the Apostolic age. Let us remember, as a solemn warning to us, how it came to pass that the Jews despised and rejected. They saw no sign from heaven, and therefore thought He could not be the Prophet, like unto Moses. Their fault was, that they did not humbly and heartily "search the Scriptures."


text: Tracts for the Times/Tract 24

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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, Colin (d.1584)


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Add. Prov.: Additional Provisions

C: Constitution

Final Prov. Final Provisions

SO: Standing Orders

Trans. Prov.: Transitional Provisions


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 Section 124

1. The Office of Public Prosecutor, without prejudice to functions entrusted to other bodies, has the task of promoting the operation of justice in the defence of the rule of law, of citizens' rights and of the public interest as safeguarded by the law, whether ex officio or at the request of interested parties, as well as that of protecting the independence of the courts and securing before them the satisfaction of social interest.

2. The Office of Public Prosecutor shall discharge its duties through its own bodies in accordance with the principles of unity of operation and hierarchical subordination, subject in all cases to the principles of the rule of law and of impartiality.

3. The organic statute of the Office of the Public Prosecutor shall be laid down by law.

4. The State's Public Prosecutor shall be appointed by the King on the Government's proposal after consultation with the General Council of the Judicial Power.

Section 125

Citizens may engage in popular action and take part in the administration of justice through the institution of the jury, in the manner and with respect to those criminal trials as may be determined by law, as well as in customary and traditional courts.

Section 126

The judicial police shall report to the judges, the courts and the Public Prosecutor when discharging their duties of crime investigation and the discovery and arrest of offenders, under the terms to be laid down by the law.

Section 127

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 not hold other public office nor belong to  political parties or unions. The law shall make provision for the system and methods of professional association for judges, magistrates and prosecutors.

2. The law shall make provision for the system of incompatibilities for members of Judicial Power, which must ensure their total independence.

Section 128

1. The entire wealth of the country in its different forms, irrespective of ownership, shall be subordinated to the general interest.

2. Public interest in economic activity is recognised. Essential resources or services may be reserved by law to the public sector especially in the case of monopolies. Likewise, State intervention in companies may be imposed when the public interest so demands.

Section 129

1. The law shall establish the forms of participation of the persons concerned in Social Security and in the activities of those public bodies whose operation directly affects quality of life or general welfare.

2. The public authorities shall effectively promote the various forms of participation in the enterprise and shall encourage cooperative societies by means of appropriate legislation.

They shall also establish means to facilitate access by workers to ownership of the means of production.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, Colin (1644-1726)


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When I had finished the first volume of this series, telling of the doings of Dick Hamilton, the young millionaire, I was in some doubt as to just how you would like it. I hoped that you would be pleased with it, and interested in Dick and his chums, and what they did, but I could not be sure of it.

That you did care for it, I am now assured, and I am glad to be able to give you the second volume, relating some of Dick's experiences while at a leading military school.

You will recall that, after he had come into possession of his great fortune, by fulfilling certain conditions of his mother's will, there were still other things for him to do; matters that his mother had planned before her death. One of these was to make sure that her son would get a good military training.

Dick went to Kentfield Academy, but, to his surprise, he met with a very cold reception from the other cadets. Ray Dutton, not understanding that, in spite of our hero's wealth, he was a fine chap, influenced the other students against Dick,

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iv and, for a time, the young millionaire was very lonely in the big school. But he resolved to fight his own battles, and become popular in spite of his wealth.

Uncle Ezra brought him bad news, but it was the means of great good luck for Dick, though Grit, the bulldog, seemed to regard the crabbed old man as his master's enemy, and chased him from the school.

All this you will find set down in the present volume, and also an account of how Dick was instrumental in locating a long missing soldier, and how, when the society house of the Sacred Pig burned down, without any insurance being in force, Dick, with his wealth, came to the aid of the surprised cadets. Yours sincerely, 3em

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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, Colin (1754-1814)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, Colin (1776-1847)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, Colin (1792-1863)


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Rh Healfdene’s heir, for my own disposal. Now to thee, my prince, I proffer them all, gladly give them. Thy grace alone can find me favor. Few indeed have I of kinsmen, save, Hygelac, thee!” Then he bade them bear him the boar-head standard, the battle-helm high, and breastplate gray, the splendid sword; then spake in form:— “Me this war-gear the wise old prince, Hrothgar, gave, and his best he added, that its story be straightway said to thee. — A while it was held by Heorogar king, for long time lord of the land of Scyldings; yet not to his son the sovran left it, to daring Heoroweard,—dear as he was to him, his harness of battle.—Well hold thou it all!” And I heard that soon passed o’er the path of this treasure, all apple-fallow, four good steeds, each like the others; arms and horses he gave to the king. So should kinsmen be, not weave one another the net of wiles, or with deep-hid treachery death contrive


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The New International Encyclopædia/Ellwangen

ELLWANGEN, ĕl'wäng-en. The capital of the Circle of Jaxt, Württemberg, Germany, or the Jaxt, 55 miles northeast of Stuttgart (Map: Germany, C 4). It is situated amid beautiful valley scenery, on the slope of a hill crowned by the Hohen-Ellwangen Castle. The Romanesque Stifteskirche, dating from 770, is its most interesting building. In the vicinity are the mineral baths of Schrezeim, and on the Schönenberg, 1710 feet high, the Pilgrimage Church of Loretto. The domestic manufactures of the town are of growing importance. Ellwangen was the capital of a Benedictine principality of 140 square miles until 1802. Population, in 1900, 4747.


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116 for neighbor and comrade. His nephew was ever by hardy Hygelac held full dear, and each kept watch o’er the other’s weal. I heard, too, the necklace to Hygd he presented, wonder-wrought treasure, which Wealhtheow gave him, sovran’s daughter: three steeds he added, slender and saddle-gay. Since such gift the gem gleamed bright on the breast of the queen. Thus showed his strain the son of Ecgtheow as a man remarked for mighty deeds and acts of honor. At ale he slew not comrade or kin; nor cruel his mood, though of sons of earth his strength was greatest, a glorious gift that God had sent the splendid leader. Long was he spurned, and worthless by Geatish warriors held; him at mead the master-of-clans failed full oft to favor at all. Slack and shiftless the strong men deemed him, profitless prince; but payment came, to the warrior honored, for all his woes.— Then the bulwark-of-earls bade bring within, hardy chieftain, Hrethel’s heirloom garnished with gold: no Geat e’er knew in shape of a sword a statelier prize. The brand he laid in Beowulf’s lap; and of hides assigned him seven thousand,


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The New International Encyclopædia/Ellwood, Thomas

ELL'WOOD, (1639-1714). An English writer. He joined the Quakers, and his zeal for the sect and denunciation of the Established Church brought upon him much persecution. He himself was equally intolerant of any division in the Quaker ranks. He was an intimate friend of Milton, and his comment upon reading the manuscript of Paradise Lost suggested to the poet the idea of Paradise Regained. Ellwood was the author of a number of polemical works, among them Forgery no Christianity (1674); two tracts attacking Thomas Hicks the Baptist; The Foundation of Tithes Shaken (1678); Sacred Histories of the Old and New Testaments; and an Autobiography (1714).


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The New International Encyclopædia/Elm (village)

ELM. A village in Switzerland, in the Canton of Glarus, situated 10 miles southeast of Glarus, in a valley 3000 feet above the sea-level, surrounded by the high peaks of the Sardona Alps (Map:, D 2). September 11, 1881, the town was half buried under an avalanche, which killed 114 people. Population, in 1900, 914.


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Rh with house and high-seat. They held in common land alike by their line of birth, inheritance, home: but higher the king because of his rule o’er the realm itself.

Now further it fell with the flight of years, with harryings horrid, that Hygelac perished, and Heardred, too, by hewing of swords under the shield-wall slaughtered lay, when him at the van of his victor-folk