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482 Tangkubkĕn, to turn topsy-turvy. To invert. Prahu na kudu di tangkubkěn, that boat must be turned bottom up.

Tangkur, an animal found in the sea, especially about the West-end of Java, as about Charing'in. It has a head something like that of a horse, and hence is also called Tangkur kuda; its tail is pointed and generally found turned up in dry specimens. This fish is often found kept dried, and in the possession of the natives in the interior, as it is supposed to have the power to give manly force, for which purpose it is placed for a short time in water which is then drunk. It has been described by Dr.Bleeker as the Hippocampus Kuda.

Tangkur gunung, a plant growing among the mountains. It has a bulbous or fleshy root, to which the same properties are ascribed by the natives, as to the Tangkur kuda.

Tangkurak, the head, the skull. A term of disparagement. Tangkurak sia, you numbskull! as we should say. It is a common epithet of reproach.

Tang-oéh, a lamp-stand. Often a bit of bambu stuck in a foot-piece, and bearing a cup of oil with a wick in it.

Tangsěl, to tie something to another; to add to by tying something on in addition. To add a small quantity of anything, in any way, by fixing them together, it need not be always by tying; it is often done by sticking in between or inserting. Paré sia ulah di tangsěl, don't increase your paddy by tying to it. That is: do not increase the weight by tying a small quantity on to the other straws in addition, but open out the regular tie and put it up properly all together. Batu iyo araranggang, kudu di tangsělan, these stones (in a wall or flooring) are too far apart, you must put something between them (other small stones).

Tangsi, barracks, dwellings for soldiers, cantonments.

Tangsuhunan, the same as Sungsuhunan, the ridge-pole of a house.

Tangtang, to challenge, to provoke to fight, to defy, to call out. Musuh di tangtang, or Nangtangan musuh, to challenge the enemy.

Tangtang ang'in, the challenger of the wind, — rice boiled to a soft consistence, and then tied up in bambu leaves to carry on a journey.

Tangtu, certain, assuredly, without doubt. Lamun sia maling tangtu di rangkét, if you steal you are sure to be flogged. Tangtu luluhur, certain signs or vestiges often found on mountain tops, supposed to have been placed there by the ancestors of the present people.

Tangtung, same as Nangtung, upright, on end, which occurs more frequently.

Tangtungkěn, to set up on end. To elevate. To put in any upright position.

Tang'wang'an, out of the question. Don't think of it. Don't suppose so.

Tani, hard working, indefatigable, laborious. Tani amat ka na pagawéan, he is very indefatigable at his work. Jěléma tani, a man who is always at work. Tani, C. 220, alone, single, individual. The Sunda word may be this Tani, from a man who labours hard is often left to himself, alone, and the Sunda word will thus be constructively, alone.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, A.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, George Perfect


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, James Duffield


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, John (1805-1874)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, Samuel


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, Silvester


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, Thomas (1516-1572)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, Thomas (d.1648)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding, William


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430 Sarénkĕn, to surrender, to give up, to hand over. Sarĕung'i, a variety of wild taluĕs or arum. Sari, taste, flavour, sensation. State of feeling. Buah éta sari na ngĕunah, the taste of that fruit is delicious. To ngĕunah sari na, it does not feel pleasant,— having an unpleasant sensation. Sāri, a word often occurring in the composition of proper names, and is fancied by the natives to convey the idea of flower, beauty, ornament, young woman. Thus at the courts of the native princes, you sometimes hear of the Pagĕr Sari, which means: the fence of flowers, by which is implied the collection of handsome young woman, who surround the person of the Sovereign. CLOUGH does not give Sari in this sense, and yet the word is evidently of Sanscrit origin; he, however, gives — Sari, fit, proper, right, C. 716, and Sarit, C. 716, a woman, a wife, derived from Sra, to go, and iti affinitive. So also in the residency of Pasuruan there is a place called Singasari, an old seat of former government, the ruins of whose temples still remain. Sari-awan, name of a disease. In a mild degree, it is a sort of sprew, or breaking out of the lining of the mouth in small ulcers; in a bad stage, it attacks the nose, and rots it off.

Sarib, fixed limit in justice or equity.

Sarikat, fortune or fault in common. To have fault from associating with bad people or robbers. Accomplice. Derived from the Arabic Sherikat a partner in trade. Sarik, Arabic, a partner in trade, an associate.

Saring, to strain or squeeze through something; to filter; to pass through a fine sieve.

Saring'an, a filter, a dripstone. Sarip, Arabic, Sarif, noble, a noble. A sheriff. A descendant of the prophet Mohammed. Sarisit, a small horse fly which stings smartly, but not so severely as the Pitĕuk. Sarolét, name of a river fish, with slim, slender body, without scales and very slippery. Saroyo, a pent-house; a to-fall; a verandah.

Saru, nearly alike, strongly resembling. Easily mistaken. Sarua or Saruwa, alike, of the same appearance; identical, resembling. Evidently a corruption of Sarupa, C. 716, like, resembling, from Sa for Samana, like, and Rupa, form. In Malay the word is Sarupa, resembling.

Sarudum, the whole body wrapped up in the Sarung or Samping. Cowered down on the hams, and the Samping drawn up over the shoulders, so as to cover the whole body, as the natives do when they are cold.

Sarung, a case, a covering, a sheath, and is properly Malay, but occurs as the name of several objects which are of European use or manufacture. Sarung anggĕl, a pillow case. Sarung tang'an, a glove. Sarung bangku, the covering of a sofa.

Saruni, a musical wind instrument; a sort of pipe. Saruni, name of a small garden plant, with pink, white or yellow flower. Sasab, wandering from the right road; lost your way. Bewildered about the way.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardinge, Henry


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Rh Tanjag, airs, assumed importance.

Tanjakan, an ascent, a hill on a road. A place to be gone up. See Nanjak.

Tanjěuk, to assist another in difficult matters, which have to be arranged by talking; to act as the advocate of another. Bogah pitjara di tanjěuk ku panghulu, having a question to be settled, the priest acted as his advocate.

Tanjěurkěn, to erect, to set up. To set up the materials of a building, or the like.

Tanjung, a point of land, a headland, a promontory. A cape.

Tanjung, a tree bearing a white flower. Mimusops Elengi.

Tantu, certain, sure; fixed, settled. Certainly.

Tanya, to ask, enquire, to interrogate, to question. Ari di tanya kudu némbalan, when a question is put you must answer.

Tapa, penance, seclusion, religious retirement. This word is in very frequent use when speaking of the wonderful feats of the men of former days, before the introduction of Mohammedanism, at it is a Hindu institution. Tapa with the Sundanese implies total abstinence from food or worldly pleasures. Tapa, C. 221, austerity, self-denial, penance. Subduing the passions. See Puasa.

Tapai, a preparation of boiled kĕtan rice, in which Ragi has been mixed and set to ferment for a couple of days. Tapai is given as a treat at all native entertainments.

Tapak, a mark, a trace, the impression of anything. A foot-mark. Tapak maung, the mark of a tiger's paw. Tapak kĕbo, the mark of a buffalo's foot.

Tapak-jalak, a cross, thus x, cut on a tree. See Jalak.

Tapak-lěung'an, the mark of the hand, a signature. Sign-manual.

Tapak-liman, name of a small plant growing by the road-sides, sometimes used medicinally. Literally: the Elephant's foot-mark.

Tapak-suku, impression of the sole of the foot.

Tapak-tuwěr, down on the ground, with both knees touching it.

Tapĕl, to affix, to plaster on. To make to adhere.

Tapi, if, but, yet, however. Tapi ulah di béré hěulah-an, but don't give any in the first instance.

Tapi, to sift, to riddle, to winnow. In maly Tampi,, p. 85.

Tapos, name of a tree, Elateriospermum Tapos.

Tapsir, Arabic, the koran interlined with a translation or paraphrase. Elucidation, explanation, interpretation.

Tapuk, gathered in a heap. Napuk di taněuh, collected in a heap on the ground.

Tara, even, flat, level, without slope, or with very little slope. Hatěup eta tara těuyn, those ataps (that thatch) are too flat, have not enough slope in the roof, and consequently leak. Tara, C. 223, a raft, a float (and consequently lying flat, and hence probably the sense in which our Sundas use it).

Tarajang, to attack, to set upon, to be overpowered by, overwhelmed; to come upon any person or thing; to happen to. Di tarajang ku musuh, attacked by the enemy.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardman, Edward Townley


text:
Author:Clay MacCauley

Works

 * Krause's league for human right and thereby world peace (1917)
 * The Heusken memorial (1917)
 * An introductory course in Japanese (1896)
 * The Hohenzollern dynasty (1916)
 * Looking before and after : some war-time essays (1919)
 * The Seminole Indians of Florida (1889)

As Translator

 * Hyakunin Isshū (1917)

title: Author:Clay MacCauley


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484 :Sawah katarajang cha-ah, the sawah was overwhelmed by a flood. Tarajang ka kula, mohal bisa, if such should occur to me, I should not be able (to do it).

Tarajé, steps, a ladder. The steps or ladder of a house.

Taram, and taraman, to commence, to make a beginning. Gĕus taram, he has made a commencement. Pagawéan gĕrrah di taraman, look sharp and begin the work. Arambha, C. 64, beginning, commencement.

Taram-tiram, to make a beginning. To make efforts to begin.

Tarang, the forehead.

Tarap-tarap, some getting, others not getting. Partial success.

Tarapti, completed. All arrangements satisfactorily made.

Tarasan, using for the first time. Making a first trial with, as clothes, a horse, a wife or any other thing.

Tarasan, felling primeval forest for the purpose of making a humah. A humah made from such primeval forest.

Taratas, to cut a small path or opening through a forest, either for the sake of merely opening a way, or of marking some boundary. This sounds like a plural of Tatas, by the insertion of ra in the word. Yet Tatas is not a Sunda word, but in Malay means to break forth, burst through, break open. , page 69.

Taraté, name of a plant, with very broad leaves, growing in water, on which the leaves repose. Nelumbium Speciosum, the Lotus-plant. Called Nélum in Ceylon. , 339. says Tarati, the Lotus, is Japanese.

Tarawas, to hold an inspection before commencing operations. To visit the jungle for the purpose of selecting a proper place to make a humah, mark the trees and cut away a little grass by way of taking possession. Tarawé, to collect in the mosque, at nighttime, during the Puasa, or month of fasting, and hold prayers.

Tarigo, wheat. , vol. 1, page 618. Tariga, Portuguese, wheat.

Tarik, to drag, to haul along, to pull, to draw. To transport goods in carts. To veer or draw round as the wind. To hoist a sail or flag. Tukang tarik, cartmen, men employed with buffaloes or carts making any transports. Tarik layar, to make sail, hoist the sail. Tarik bandéra, to hoist the flag. Ang'in na tarik ka kulon, the wind is drawing round towards the west.

Tarik, a rapid in a river; the quick flow of water. Flowing rapidly.

Tarik-kolot, the place where a village or house has formerly stood, but now abandoned. A deserted homestead. Name of a variety of weed. Quere? Tarik, Arabic, way, path; order; rite.

Tarima, to receive, to accept, to get possession of. To acknowledge, to confess, to own to; to submit oneself to.

Tarimbang, said of persons crouched in a row. Derived from Timbang, to weigh, as persons so seated act as a counterpoise to others.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardman, Frederick


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Rh Roman, the person, the body, personal air; kind, shape, appearance.

Rombak, to demolish, to pull to pieces; to pull down, as a walled building.

Rombéh, the full blown flowers of the Honjé plant.

Rombéng, torn, tattered. Jamang na rombéng, his jacket is torn. Boboko rombéng, a tattered rice basket.

Rompang, broken in a gap; the edge broken. Gunung rompang, a mountain with a split top or crest. When the cup of a crater has burst out, that is called rompang. Bědog na rompang, his chopper is broken in gaps,—the edge broken in gaps. Jélěma na rompang, a man who has lost some teeth.

Rondah, Portuguese ronda, the round, the night watch. Military rounds. Patrol. Orang rondah, the men on watch at night.

Ronggéng, a public dancing girl; a woman of easy virtue. Pondok ronggéng, a house of ill fame; the place where the ronggéngs live.

Ronkah, valliant, daring, courageous. A brave man who is supposed to be invulnerable.

Rong'od, the fruit of the Těpus plant.

Rontog, what falls off, droppings. Paré rontog, the paddy which drops from the bundles when moved.

Rontog,—as di rontog, to come upon suddenly; to catch by making a sudden spring. To surprise. Di rontog maung, he was caught by a tiger (springing upon him).

Rontogan, in grinding paddy, that part of the operation when the grain is separated from the straw.

Ronyok, many in a heap; in an assembly; multitudinous.

Ronyom, to attack in numbers; to assault; to kill; to overpower.

Ropong, gaping; standing open; showing in an aperture. Ropong bai maryěm di kapal prang, the muzzles of the guns were seen in the man of war,—that is the openings of the muzzles were seen. Pagěr na ropong, the fence was gaping in holes. Hence Toropong, a telescope, being a tube to look through.

Roréng, striped like a tiger. Anjing si roréng, a striped dog.

Roris, to make an inventory of men and their goods. To take a census.

Rorod, run away with; stolen; eloped. Banda na di rorod, they ran away with his property. Awéwé na di rorod, he eloped with the woman.

Rorog, a row or consecutive tier of beds in a sawah, or irrigated rice field. Sa rorog éta gati di chai-yan, that row of sawahs it is difficult to get under water.

Rorogan, part of the native loom; the stand or piece of wood or thick bambu, on which the Baréra is thrown, as it is drawn out from the web. A row or tier in sawahs.

Roronggosan, to follow a woman from place to place and to hold private communication with her.

Rorongko, a small temporary too-fall shed, put up in a hurry in a humah after burning, before there has been time to make a proper saung, or shed. The rorongko is


text: Studies of a Biographer/Oliver Wendell Holmes


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370 Pěrdah, the handle for the Baliyung or native axe, being a straight shaft with a naturally turned up end, upon which the iron axe is lashed with thongs of hide, having a long round tapering head for that purpose. Pěrduli, arabic, also Paduli; properly Fadluli, MARSDEN 208. To care for, to be concerned about; meddling. To pěrduli, I don't care for that. To di pěrduli, he does not care about it, he neglects it. Pěrěba, sort, variety. Pěrěbu, the same as Parabu, which see. Pěrěkan, a concubine, a woman kept in addition to the four lawfull wives allowed by Mahomedan law. Pérélék, to let grain fall in continuous shower, but in small quantities at a time. Said especially of rice putting into a measure, allowing any small grains to fall lightly, as into a gantang, in order not to give too much. Pěrělu, necessary, indispensable, obligatory. A necessary obligation; what is absolutely necessary. Pěrělu kudu di turutkěn, it is obligatory that he should be obeyed. Feredl and ferudlu. Arabic, MARSDEN 207, obligatory observances (by divine institution). Pėréng, name of a ficus variety with multitudinous small seeds all over the stem, Picus Ribes. Pěrés, to squeeze out water from a cloth, to wring out. To milk a cow. The word sounds like the English press in press out. In Malay it is Pruh, with same meaning as the Sunda Pěrés. See MARSDEN p. 221. Pěrěték, steep and rugged; said of a road or way which is very bad and almost impassable from its steepness. Péri, Persian, a fairy; a class of supernatural beings residing upon earth but invisible, whose nature is beneficent. Pěrih, same as Prih, auxious in endeavours. Striving. Pěrjanjian, agreement, bargain, contract, treaty, convention. Pěrkara, circumstance, affair, thing; kind; section, head. A case in court or referred to some one for adjudication. An action, a suit. Occurrence. This word is probably derived from the Polynesian Pěr, and Kara, a form which the verb Karanawa assumes. Karanawa, C. 108, to do, to act, to make, also Karana, C. 108, an act, an action, business, occupation. This word would thus be formed with a Polynesian Pěr in the same way as the word Perchaya, or the Malay word Pěrmana, MARSDEN 220, measure, rate, derived from Māna, C. 536, a measure in general, whether of weight, length or capacity. Pěrapat, a quarter from Pěr and Opat four; Pěrampuan, in Malay a woman from Pěr and Ambuwa, C. 44, a wife. Pěrkutut, a variety of small wild dove which the natives are very fond of keeping cages, under the idea that they will bring luck. These doves when they coo cheerfully, and are supposed to turn themselves towards the house of the owner when so doing, often command great prices. Columba Bantamensis. Quere is the etymon of this word Katut? going along with, accompanying - in death. See Japati.


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408 thus a temporary shelter of ataps in a humah, often found at a distance from the main shed or saung. A temporary shelter put up also in the forest, where into pass the night. A temporary shelter wherein to watch by night.

Rorongsokan, odds and ends of silver or gold ware. Old gold or silver ornaments which are spoiled, and only fit for melting over again for fresh use.

Roros, dished; done up; non-plussed. Discomfited; used up; no more remaining. Roros sia ayĕuna, you are now done for.

Roskam, Dutch, a curry-comb.

Rossa, strong; substantial; having great force. Violent in temper; coming it strong; passionate. Rossa amat éta jélĕma, that man is very strong. Niyĕun dangdanan rossa, to make substantial work. Rossa amat hajat, to hold a very great festival. Mandor sok rossa ka nu leutik, the mandor is often violent with the people. Tĕulĕui rossa bai ka kula, he was immediately in a violent rage with me. This word is very likely derived from rosha, C. 600, anger, wrath,—which indicating violence, the word has been used for any display of energy or force, either bodily or mental.

Roti, bread, the bread of European's made of wheaten flour. Roti, C. 847, unleavened bread made of rice flour.

Rowas, startled, frightened; overtaken by a sudden fear.

Rowog, greedy, guzzling with eagerness. Having a ravenous hunger.

Rua, shape, appearance, look. Sa rua, of one appearance, similar. Hadé rua na, he has a good look. Rua na goréng, the look of it is bad. Rua na daik goréng, it looks as if it was going to be bad; he looks as if he meant harm. Ruwa, C. 597, an image; beauty; comeliness; handsome, elegant. This is very likely the etymon of Dua, two, implying, parity, similarity. See Karuan.

Ruang, to bury, to put under or into the ground. Mayit na gĕus di ruang, have they buried the corpse. Batu éta kudu di ruang, that stone must be buried.

Rubak, broad, expansive, wide. Papan rubak, a broad plank. Kain na rubak, the cloth is wide.

Rubu, a quarter, used only when speaking of a division of the property left by a dead person.

Rubuh, taken ill; confined to your bed with sickness. In Malay Rubuh is, to tumble down, to fall, to come to the ground. In Sunda it is restricted to falling ill.—To fall in any other sense is Eunyĕuh.

Rugĕl, often, frequently, repeatedly. Gĕus rugĕl tĕuyn sia di papatahan, you have so often been warned. Lĕumpang na rugĕl ka gunung, he often goes to the mountains.

Rugĕlan, to do a thing often, to do a thing again and again. Kudu di rugĕlan bai, mohal to éléh, you must do it again and again, it will be sure to give way.

Rugi, loss, damage; loss in trade. Dugi, C. 276, poverty, indigence, need. Dagang tĕulĕui rugi, in trading I have directly had a loss. Rugi bangĕt, a very great loss.

Rugrag, said of persons who have a kind of slow disease upon them, by which the


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Rh Tandang, heard as Panghulu tandang, a ringleader. A great man whom it is difficult to approach.

Tandéan, to receive into one's hands, to catch. To gather up into any receptacle, as into a basket or the like. To await the attack (of an enemy, or wild beast).

Tandĕs, cut through, broken through.

Tanding, to set side by side. Alongside of each other. To compare. See Nyanding. Ari di tandingkěn wat to sarua, and when put side by side, they proved not to be alike.

Tando, name of an animal, Pteromys Genibarbis. It is found among the mountains. Its four legs, head and tail are all united by a film of skin, which the animal can extend at pleasure, and thereby effect a sort of flight from one tree to another. It hangs back-downwards from the branches at rest by means of its sharp claws.

Tandon, to keep a shop; to be a dealer.

Tandu, a variety of palinquin. A bambu cage in which to travel, carried on men's shoulders. A chair with bambus lashed to it, in which a person can be carried. Di tandu, to be carried in such a contrivance on men's shoulders.

Tanduk, a horn. Tanduk kěbo, a buffalo's horn. Tanduk unchal, deer's horns. Di tanduk kěbo, he was struck by a buffalo with its horn.

Tandukan, to butt or gore with the horn.

Tandur, to transplant paddy. To plant it out in the sawahs when it has grown about 40 or 50 days in the Pabinihan. This is done by sticking in four or six little plants together in each spot in the soft mud, the working person moving backwards as he plants, so as not to paddle amongst it.

Tanduran, name of a chief of Pajajaran who founded Majapahit; usually called Raden Tanduran. , 2 vol., page 98.

Tanĕmkĕn, to set fast in the ground. To bury in the ground. See Nanĕm.

Tanĕuh, earth, soil, mould. Country, region, land. An estate, landed property. The ground. Fundamental colour in a pattern. Tanĕuh Sunda, the Sunda country. Tanĕuh Jawa, the Jawa country. Tanĕuh Bantan, the Bantam country. Tanĕuh sabrang, foreign countries. Tuan tanĕuh, a landholder or landlord; the name given to the owners of private estates. Kachang tanĕuh, the earth-bean, the ground-nut, Arachis Hypogasa. Kain chita konéng, tanĕuh na bĕurĕum, a piece of chintz with yellow pattern on a red ground. Tā, C. 216, the earth. Thana, C. 217, place, situation; stay or continuance.

Tang'éh, still far from accomplishment. A good while, a considerable interval. Tang'éh kénéh ka téng'ang'ni, it still wants a good while till noon. Tang'éh kénéh bai datang ka Bogor, it is still a considerable distance before you can arrive at Buitenzorg.

Tangĕrang, name of a large native town of considerable trade, on the Chisidani, 15 pauls south-west from Batavia.

Tangga, heard only as applied to a house. Imah tangga, a properly built and permanent house. The word is properly Malay and means steps or a ladder, which in


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478 Tampanan, to receive, to get into one's possession. To lay hold of. To catch or receive anything flung at one.

Tampar, a rope, a cord.

Tampayan, a large water jar, such as are usually brought from Japan.

Tampĕk, measles.

Tampi, to fan, to riddle, to winnow. More frequently called Tapi.

Tampihan, a bathing place in a river. The place in a river where the people go down to wash, clean their rice and take water. Tampik, to reject, to refuse. Nu goréng kudu di tampik, such as are bad, must be rejected. Hanto di tampik, he did not refuse it. To nampik jélĕma, he did not refuse any man — accepted all who came. Tampikan, what has been refused or rejected. Leavings, refuse. Tampiling, to box the ears. To strike with the hand about the head.

Tampingan, to cut straight and clean, said when cutting earth or a bank with a pachul or hoe. Said, when working sawahs, the galangans or ridges, where the plough cannot pass, are cut clean and hoeed close up.

Tamplok, poured out in a body. Diverted in a mass, as a stream of water. Eukĕur cha-ah chai na tamplok ka sawah, whilst the flood prevailed the water was poured out in a mass into the sawahs.

Tampok, a method of taking fish by making enclosures in the stream, something in the same way as Njombongan, which see.

Tampolan, at intervals, sometimes occurring. As the case may be. Tampolan nana owoh sakali, it sometimes happens that there are none at all.

Tampolana, same as foregoing Tampolan nana.

Tampolong, a spitting-pot, a spittoon. Any small pot used to catch matter dropping from another vessel, such as are sometimes used under sugar-pots, to catch the molasses.

Tamprakkĕn, to spread out, to lay out in thin layers. To unfold. Tamuh-tamuh, ridiculous, useless to attempt it. Utterly useless to try.

Tanaga, strength, force, bodily power. Gĕus to bogah tanaga, he has got no bodily power; he has lost his strength. Tanaga nu bodo, with small means, literally the strength of those who are stupid.

Tanchĕbkĕn, to stick into any place, so that the object stuck in remains standing upright. Tulugtug di tanchĕbkĕn turut pagĕr, the stakes were stuck into the ground along the fence. Tanda, a mark, a sign, a token. Tanda ning hadé, a mark of good will.

Tanda-an, to put a mark upon. To make a mark by which it can be known again. To observe. To keep the attention directed towards. Tandak, to dance, especially as the natives do by making postures rather than by dancing as Europeans. To prance as a horse. Tandawa, C. 226, dancing. The art of dancing.

Tandang, to set up work or business on one's own account. To go off upon a journey alone, or the like.


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508 Tukang ngaput, a tailor.

Tukang pĕdati, a carter, a man who attends a pedati cart.

Tukang prahu, a boatman.

Tukang ranjap, a butcher. A person who kills animals for sale.

Tukang rĕbab, a fiddler, a man who plays on the Rĕhab.

Tukang roti, a baker, a man who makes and sells bread.

Tukang sapatu, a shoe-maker.

Tukang sawah, a person who works a sawah, or irrigated rice field.

Tukang séwa, a renter. A person who rents anything.

Tukang sĕunĕuh, a fire-man, a stoker.

Tukang témbak, a sportsman, a man who shoots.

Tukang tĕulĕum, a dyer, a man who dips cloth in dye. A diver.

Tukang tinun, a weaver, a person who weaves, who is always a woman.

Tukang usĕp, a man who takes fish with a hook.

Tukang wang, a cashier, a money keeper, a money changer.

Tukang warung, a stallkeeper, a shopkeeper. A huxter.

Tukang and Tukangan, behind, after, in the rear of. Di tukang kéneh, he is still behind. Tukangan imah, behind the house.

Tukĕl, a skein, a hank of thread. Etymon ikal or ukal, to bend; curly.

Tukung, a fowl naturally without a tail, — which wants the parson's nose.

Tulag-tolog, going poking about. Sticking your nose into every hole. Strolling about.

Tulak, to support, to shore up, to prop up. To repel, to repulse, to refuse, to have anything, to do with.

Tulak-bara, the ballast of a vessel. Bara, C. 461, heavy, weighty; thus the support or prop which is weighty.

Tulak-tanggul, name of a tree, literally the prop which supports a small dam in a water-course. The tree grows about riversides.

Tulang, a bone. Tulang tonggong, the back bone. Tulang ngora, young bone, gristle, cartilage. This word tulang does not occur, even modified, in any of the languages of the Pacific, where Hui or Joi, or some modification there-of, seem most usual. It may come from Tula, C. 239, inside, within, inner, and the Polynesian ng suffixed, indicating something within, the inner parts, something within the body. In Singhalese the word becomes constructively Tulén, within.

Tulén, pure, unmixed. Mas tulén, pure gold. Turunan tulén, of unmixed descent, pure breed.

Tulis, to write; to make characters or figures on paper or other material. To engrave. Tulis surat, to write a letter. Batu tulis, an inscribed stone, a stone with an inscription on it. As the people of India, the Hindus, appear to have spread so much civilization and knowledge among the Islanders, we may fairly look to them also for the introduction of writing. In Clough, page 241, is Tulika,a pencil, a painter's brush; a kind


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Rh Tambahan, augmentation, increase. In addition. To add to, to increase.

Tambai, to call as animals. Anjing na kudu di tambai, the dogs must be called together.

Tambak, fish-ponds, a vivarium. Ponds formed along the sea-shore, by running dikes through the muddy places subject to be inundated by the tides. In these Tambaks are kept fish for sale, such as Balanak, Bandéng, a great variety of shrimps etc.

Tambakan, an earthen dam. The artificial containing dam of a pond. A dike.

Tambako, European, tobacco. More usually short Bako, which see.

Tambal, to mend, to patch, to darn. Sĕrawĕl na di tambai ku lamak, his trowsers were patched with a rag.

Tambalung, name of a piece of bambu tied to the wrists of a man by way of handcuffs, to keep the arms and hands distended and useless. Such Tambalungs are tied to people who are carried about the country as arrested and in charge of the police. Called also Bogol.

Tambang, a rope, a piece of cord.

Tambangan, money paid for crossing a ferry; passage-money by a vessel, freight. A shore-boat to visit shipping.

]Tambérang, a back-stay. Any rope holding backwards.

Tambi, the large flat buttresses of some old trees worked up for pedaty or cartwheels, consisting of one disk of wood. See Chanir.

Tambi, a name given to Mohammedan Moormen.

Tambir, something added on the edge so as to enlarge it. Tambir samping, a piece of white cloth added to a samping, so as to enlarge the height of it. Tambir prahu, a piece of wood added to the gunwale of a boat, so as to raise the edge.

Tambur, European, a drum. Soldado sa tambur, a company of soldiers, who rally at one drum.

Tambusu, the entrails or guts of man or brute. The etymon of this word is Bus, the idiomatic expression for going, going in, or putting in. In Malay,, page 82, occurs the word Tambus, to pour through, to strain, to pierce, to penetrate, through, — which will give a very intelligible derivation for the Sunda Tambusu.

Taméng, a shield, a buckler.

Tamiang, a thin stalked variety of bambu. Bambusa Tabacaria or Tenuis. It makes the best Burangs or bambu spears, and is used for Sumpitans or blow pipes, and from it are made the Tropongs or weaver's shuttles.

Tampa, to receive, to accept, to get. To come into one's possession. Ulah di tampa nu kitu, don't accept such as that. Tampa duit sa rupiyah, to receive money to the extent of one guilder.

Tampah, the palm of the hands, for which, however, Dampal lĕungan is the more usual expression. To receive on the palm of the hand. Di tampah, to present the palm of the hand to receive anything. To carry on the palm of the hands. Sa tampah, a hand's breadth.


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476 Tali, a rope, a cord, a string, a belt.

Tali, tally, a way of noting numbers by making a mark for every ten counted.

Tali or Sa-tali, a quarter of a guilder, 30 doits. See Tatalén.

Tali = Awi-tali, the spring or rope bambu. The one which is in greatest request for daily use in every way. It derives its name from splitting up readily and forming rope or string.

Tali-alas, the continuous ridge of a hill, uncrossed by a stream of water. Tali, a rope, a string, Alas, forest. See Alas.

Talian, to tie, to fasten with a rope.

Tali ari-ari, the after-birth.

Tali kibĕn or Kali kibĕn, a stitch in the side. A pain experienced after eating when immediately jolting on horse-back.

Taliktik, to look after, to keep an eye upon.

Ta1im, Arabic, reverence, respect, veneration. An obeisance.

Talingkup, name of a plant. Claoxylon Indicum.

Tali pĕnding, a clasp or belt worn by women round the waist. See Pĕnding.

Tali pitik, the split bambus which are wattled round a Ranchatan to make an Angkul. See Pitik.

Taliwang, no one would have thought it. Anything done or occurring contrary to general expectation. Taliwang jélĕma lĕutik, rossa amat, no one could have thought that so small a man could be so strong. Taliwang ku sugih na, no one would have thought that he was so rich.

Talu, three, one of the forms of the word which is also pronounced Tilu and Tolu.

Talugtug, a stake to drive into the ground.

Talugtugan, to set like a sharpened stake in the ground.

Taluk, Arabic, to submit, to surrender. Di talukkĕn, to put down, to cause, to submit. Nagara Jawa taluk ka kumpani, the country of Java submits itself to the company (the Dutch government). Obedient to orders. Submissive.

Tal-wang'i, an old name for Brĕbĕs in Tagal.

Taman, a black ant which crawls on the ground and whose bite is very painful for a few minutes, but soon goes off.

Taman, a flower-garden, a pleasure-garden, only heard in old romantic stories.

Taman-sari, a flower-garden, pleasure-grounds.

Tamat, Arabic, finished, concluded. Finis of a writing. Pagawéan gĕus tamat, the work is finished. Kéjo na tamat, the boiled rice is done. Tamat ngawacha, finished reading.

Tamatkĕn, to finish, to bring to a conclusion.

Tambaga, copper, the metal copper. Wang tambaga, copper money. Tamba, C. 222, copper. In Sanscrit Tamra and Tamraka, copper.

Tambah, to add to, to augment, to increase. Tambah pangkat, to increase in rank. Tambah luhur, to augment in height.


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Rh Talagtag, name of an herb growing in the humahs.

Talahab, a roofing made of split bambus. The bambus are cut in lengths and the diaphragms cleared out. The bambus are then laid and tied on side by side like so. The etymon of this word will be kĕbir, arabic Great, mighty (as applied to God) many gutters. Over their edges other half bambus are inverted, and thus a waterproof roof is obtained.

Talak, Arabic, divorce, repudiation. Ewé na gĕus di talak, he has divorced his wife.

Talakop, the bud leaves which form the apex of a growing bambu. As the bambu grows, one talakop remains adhering to each joint, and as the stick gains age, it drops off. The talakop is covered with a black bubes which causes great itching when rubbed on the skin. The talakops of some bambus are stiff and firm enough to be used in making Dudukuis or native hats.

Talam, a tray, a salver. These trays are usually made of brass, and may have derived the name from Talama, C. 229, beating time to music; a kind of measured chant which is repeated when beating the tom-tom, and dancing, from some brass tray of this kind having been in use among the Hindus who visited Java. Tali, C. 225, a brazen or metal dish. Talampata, C. 836 , a sort of cymbal peculiar to the Tamuls.

Talang, a spout, a gutter for water to pass along. Either a spout under the eaves of a house, or a spout to lead water over a hollow. Talangs are made either of wood scooped out, or more frequently of the stem of some palm-tree, for which purpose the Kawung is the most serviceable. See Panchuran. Talang is derived from Ta and Léng or Lang, indicating running or flowing as water.

Talangan, to take the place of. To serve as a substitute for. A simile derived from Talang, a water-spout, which carries the water over hollows, where it otherwise could not pass. Talangan is also to set up Talangs. To manage with Talangs.

Talanjang, naked, bare, uncovered. Metaphorically: destitute.

Talapak, the sole of the foot, the palm of the hand. The flat of the foot or the hand.

Talar, to guess. To relate from memory. To say at random.

Talatah, to send instructions, to give orders by means of some one else, not directly. To send for by means of a second person. The instructions given by a man on his death-bed, as to what is to take place after his death, often regarding tho division of his property.

Talédor, neglecting work, careless, negligent. Not doing what it is our duty to do.

Talékték-api, a sort of parsley found growing in the humahs in mountainous situations.

Talĕmang-jajar, an old name for the country about the Chipamali.

Talépa, to spring from one tree or branch to another. A term in climbing.

Talété, clear and distinct. Telling a clear story, Telélé,, page 79, uncovered, naked, exposed, published.

Talĕus, a nearly bulbous and esculent root, with large broad leaves, much planted in moist and light soil. It is the Taro of the Pacific Islands, Arum Esculentum, also Colocasia Vera of botany.


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474 Tajong and Tajonkĕn, to strike at with the foot. To kick forward. To strike with the forefoot as an animal would do. To kick forwards anything. See Tokėr, to kick backwards.

Tajug, a pile of fire-wood, cut into even lengths and set up in fathoms for sale or use.

Tajur, as di tajuran, to plant a Dukuh. To make a plantation of fruit-trees. See Tatajuran.

Takabur, vaunting, speaking large when no reality exists. Bragging.

Takbir, a prayer, or the expressions of adoration used on the eve before the Labaran or festival at the termination of the yearly fast. Only applied to praying on this occasion.

Takĕr, a measure of capacity, especially of oil, and is 33 bottles, of which 2½ takĕrs go to a picul-weight of oil. To measure over (in some vessel or implement of capacity).

Takĕran, any vessel to measure with. Assigned limits. So much and no more.

Takis, to ward off. To divert any object coming in contact with us. To parry. To push aside.

Takokak, the same as Mĕgai, which see. A very small bitterish Chokrom, of the size of a pea.

Takol, to knock, to strike, with something heavy.

Takonan, to enquire of, to investigate. To subject to enquiryinquiry [sic]. To examine by enquiryinquiry [sic]. Unceremoniously taking to task.

Takrim, Arabic, honour, respect, reverence.

Taksir, to estimate, to rate, to assess. To form an opinion of, to guess. Derived from the Dutch word Taxeren, to estimate, to assess. Taksir is also to levy a rent on paddy or other lands, by merely looking at the standing crop, estimating the same, and fixing such rent.

Taksiran, estimation, assessment. Opinion. Taksiran kula mohal mĕunang, in my estimation he would not get it. To bogah taksiran, I can form no idea of it. It does not look likely.

Taktak, the shoulder. Ka na taktakkĕn, put it on your shoulder.

Takwa, a jacket with sleeves which project beyond the hand.

Talaga, a pond of water, a lake. Name of a district in Cheribon where such lakes exist. in his Dissertation, page 42, says the word is the Sanscrit Taraga, a pond, corrupted. Perhaps derived from Tārāwā, C. 229, a duck. Gama, C. 197, going, moving, journeying. A village. Reduced to Taraga, a place where ducks move or stay. Talā, C. 225, a large pond covered with flowers. Any large sheet of water. Talākaya, C. 225, a tank, a pond.

Talaga Bodas, a volcanic mountain in the Prianger Regencies, South East from Sumedang. The crater of this volcano is occupied by a pool or lake of white water, hence Talaga Bodas, white lake.


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Rh Tahěunan, to entrap, to set a trap to catch.

Tahěur, to boil, to seeth. Chai na kudu di tahěur, you must boil that water.

Tahi, ordure, dung, excrement, sediment, dregs, refuse; rust, dross.

Tahi-anjing, dog's ordure, — a term by which great disgust or disbelief is expressed.

Tahi-běusi, iron-rust.

Tahi-chěli, ear-wax.

Tahi-hayam, fowl's dung. Name of a plant.

Tahi-lalar, fly's dung, freckles on the face.

Tahi-manuk, bird's dung. Name of a parasitic plant.

Tahi-minyak, oil-cake. The refuse of making oil from the ground-nut or kachang taněuh. This oil-cake is much used as a valuable manure, especially for sugar-cane.

Tahi-tambaga, dung of copper, verdigris.

Tahir, Arabic, clean, pure, chaste, holy.

Tahlil, Arabic, Praise to God. Praying together in numbers and calling upon God. The act of so doing is Dikiran, which see.

Tahun, a year, the period of twelve months. Patahunan, yearly cultivation. Tahunan sia pindah ka gunung, the year you removed to the mountains. Ki-tahun, name of a large forest-tree with strong, hard, durable wood, probably so called from this circumstance.

Tahwangan, impossible! it does not look likely!

Tai-hiang, rust on metals. Probably Tai, the short in composition for Tahi, ordure, dung, and Hyang, a divinity. From rust coming, by an unaccountable way to a native, upon metals, especially on iron, which gets rusty from mere contact with the atmosphere.

Tai-hiangan, covered with rust.

Taikan, to ascend, to get up, to climb. Tangkal kalapa di taikan, he climbed up the cocoa-nut- tree.

Taikkěn, to encrease, to augment. To lift one object upon another. Pajěg nadi taikkěn, they have encreased his rent. Harga na gěus di taikkěn, the price has been risen, augmented. Éta barang taikkěn deui ka na méja, lift up those goods again upon the table.

Tail, the 16th part of a kati. A gold weight to which the Sunda people appear to attach no definite quantity, as they weight their gold and silver by Spanish dollars, or bits of lead made of the size and weight of Spanish dollars with subdivisions.

Taji, the artificial spur of a game-cock. The ankle joint of a man, or rather the bone which projects at the joint. See Si-ih. Taji is often heard in proper names, as the name of a man. Pangéran Taji Wangsa occurs as the name of a chief. Lawang Taji is the name of a village on the Bolang Estate.

Tajin, the scum from the boiling of rice. Water in which rice has been seethed, prepared as a kind of weak gruel for sick people.


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472 :as water or any liquid, or small loose material, as grain or sand. In the Javanese and Malay of Batavia they say Labur, to pour out. See Bur. Tachan, not yet. Composed of To, the short for Hanto, not, and Achan, at all = not at all. Tachan datang, he is not yet come. Tachan di béré, I have not yet given it. Tachan asak, not yet ripe.

Tadah, to uphold, to lift up, to intercept from falling. To catch as it falls.

Tadah, aspect. Tadah wétan, with an Eastern aspect. Tadah kulon, with a Western aspect. Sawah tadah, rain-sawahs, which do not derive their water from any stream but are dependent on rain, thus dependent on the aspect or season. Sawahs catching the water of irrigation as it falls in rain.

Tadi, just now, a short time ago. Tadi gĕus lĕumpang, he went away just now.

Tagal, a plain, open grass-lands. Gras-slands in contra distinction to forest-lands or Lĕuwĕung. Tagal ĕurih, a plain of ĕurih-grass. Tagal kaso, a plain of kaso-grass. Kĕbo mapal di tagal, buffaloes graze on open plains. Tagal is, however, sometimes used to designate any plain where any particular kind of vegetation abounds, even though that consists in jungle trees. Tagal rinyung, Tagal haréno, Tagal haréndong, Tagal awi, the last of these is, a plain of bambus, and the other expressions indicate a plain of their respective woods. But in these cases it by no means follows that the land is flat or even; on the contrary it is often in ravines.

Tagal, name of a residency in Central Java. See the following.

Tagal-arum, the scented field. Name of the Emperor Mangkurat, who died in A. D. 1677 and was buried near Tagal, at a place where the ground was sweet-scented.

Tagĕnan, to receive in fight. To await the attack of. To oppose oneself to.

Tagĕnkĕn, to fix firmly, to fix by putting a stake in the ground to tie some other object to. To set a stake in the ground not upright but at a slope or angle.

Tagi, to demand payment of a debt, to dun. To claim a debt with importunity. Bogah pihutang kudu di tagi, if you have incoming debts you must dun for them.

Tah, an exclamation of displeasure, of vexation, or of simple interrogation where we would perhaps use a circumlocution, as: how could you do so? what nonsense is that? Saha tah nu owoh, who is it who is not here? Gĕdé tah, is it large? ''Tah! sia ma sok kitu'', damn you, you are always doing so.

Tahan, to support, to endure, to hold out, to bear; to refrain, to forbear. To tahan, I cannot endure it, I cannot put up with it. I have no longer strength to bear it. Sabulan dĕui tahan kénéh, it will still hold out for a month. Napsu kudu di tahan, the passions must be bridled in (refrained). Ari ka jélĕma gĕring kudu nahan maneh, in the case of sick people you must hold yourself in (forbear).

Tahanan, an anvil, a blacksmith's anvil.

Tahang, a tub, a cask, a vat, any large receiver. Tahang minyak, an oil-vat, Tahang gula tétés, a molasses-receiver.

Tahĕun, to set as a trap. Tahĕun buwu, to set this kind of fish-trap. Tahĕun pigasol, to set this kind of tiger-trap.


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Rh Suwĕng, round pieces or rolls of tinsel stuck in the ear. See Subĕng.

Suwung, of no use. Not able to prevail, or do harm. Empty, void, vacant. Not at home. Not meeting.

Swasa or Suwasa, an allay of gold and copper, in much use. Suwasa, C. 757, the Elu form of Suwcarchaka, derived from Su, well, Warcha, to shine, and Ka affinitive. Gold. Brilliant.

Ta, is an inseparable particle of extensive use, often giving a verbal form to monosyllabic idiomatic expressions, but of which the separate meaning has not always been retained. Tabur is an example compounded of Ta and Bur, pouring out.

Ta-ala, Arabic, most high, exalted, Allah Ta-ala, God the Most High.

Ta-ali, Arabic, exalted, most high.

Ta-an, what, how? A remonstrative exclamation.

Ta-ang to-ong, looking and peeping. To peer.

Tabasan or Tabas, to buy up whole sale. Used in Bantam.

Tabé, salutation, compliments, greeting. The word of courtesy always used on meeting a person, answering to our „good morning", „ how do you do". Tuan kirim tabé, my master sends his compliments.

Tabéh, in the direction of, towards. Tabéh hilir, towards the lower part of the river. Tabéh gunung, in the direction of the mountains.

Tăbĕng, a labu or gourd set in the river, with small holes pierced in it, and baited with bran to catch small fish.

Tābĕng, come to the critical point. In a state of commotion. Overpowered by numbers, beat by work. In Bantam at festivals Tābĕngis the uproar that takes place when day dawns, especially when games of Ujungan have been going on all night, when a tumultuous mêle of the combatants takes place, and there is then a sort of scramble for the remnants of the feast.

Tabĕuh, to strike a drum or other musical instrument. Tabĕuh bĕdug, strike the drum. Goong di tabĕuh, the gong was beat.

Tabir, Arabic, interpretation, meaning, purport, upshot. Kumaha tabir na, what is the purport of it. Tabir na to ngĕunah, the upshot of that is not agreeable. NB. MARSDEN, at page 62, gives Tabir as meaning a curtain, a veil, as Faal zakat menjadi tabir dalam surga, works of public charity become a veil (over sins) in heaven. The word Tabir would admit of this meaning in Sunda, though the natives have no idea that it means a veil. They use it then only metaphorically.

Tabok, to give a slap in the face. To strike a man's head with your hand. To slap the chops.

Tabuka, opened, exposed, uncovered.

Tabur and Taburkĕn, to pour out, to cause to flow out. Spilled. Dropped out


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470 Susuhunan, contracted into Sunnan, implies the object of reverence, or the revered. This title was given by the Javanese to the Arabian teachers and leading men, who first came to Java and taught Mahomedanism. The title was afterwards transferred to their successors and to the princes of Mataram, who, after the fashion of every Mahomedan government, are placed at the head of all matters belonging either to spiritual or temporal affairs. This name has been retained, till the present day, for the emperor of Surakarta or Solo.

Susuitan, the same as, which see.

Susuk, a conical basket made of split bambu, without any bottom. It is set down in water or marshy places, and the fish which it may have enclosed are groped out, by passing the arm down through a small hole at the apex of the basket.

Susuk, to cut a canal. To cut or make a water-course. Gěus di susuk, a canal has been made.

Susukan, a canal, a water-course, an artificial water-course. See.

Susul, to run after, to go in quest of, to pursue. To trace, to chase. Ari di susul to kabědag, and when you give chase, you cannot come up with him. Di susul datang ka pěuting, we pursued him till night came on. Susul lachak, to trace footmarks. Susul kěbo, to go in quest of a buffaloe (which has gone astray or been stolen).

Susun, to pile up, to set one upon another. In sets, in layers. Compound, double as flowers. Bala kudu di susun, you must pile up those bricks. Mělati susun, a double melati-flower. Kakénchéng sa susun, a nest of cooking-pots.

Susuri, the mane of a horse.

Susut, to rub, to scrub, to wipe. Méja kudu di susut, the table must be rubbed.

Susutan, to wipe. To track as a dog by rubbing its nose along the ground or grass. To rub the nose against another person's face, as in making love.

Suta, occurs in proper names, as Suta Wijaya. Suta, C. 745, a son, a prince. C. 759, born, engendered; thus Suta Wijaya is the prosperous or successful son or prince. Suta Wikara, a name formerly given to the chiefs of Jasinga, which the people believe to have meant the monkey-son, from living in a mountainous and forest country. Wikara, can only mean monkey, figuratively from making gestures. See Wikara.

Sutra, silk. Kanti sutra, silk thread. Kain sutra, silk cloth. Sutra, C. 759, from Siwa, to sew, and tra, affinative; and I changed to U, or Su, to hear &c. A thread in general. The Hindus must thus have brought with them to the Archipelago silk thread, which, under their name of Sutra or thread, passed current for silk itself.

Su-ub, to well up as water. Said of water oozing through the ground.

Su-uk, another name for Kachang taněuh, Arachys Hypogaea.

Su-ung, a variety of Supa, which see. A fungus. The Su-ung also grow on old rotting logs or trees.

Suwapan, to feed a child, to stuff into an infants mouth. To bribe, to fee.


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Rh Surudum, wrapped up in the Samping or Sarung by having it drawn over the shoulders and up close about the neck, so that the sarung covers the whole upper body. The sarung is so used when the wearer is cold.

Surung and Surungken, to shove, to push. Di surung ka gawir, he shoved him to the precipice. Surungkěn ka jěro, push it in.

Surup, to go down as the sun, to set; to be absorbed. Mata poi gěus surup, the sun has set. Chai surup ka jěro, the water is absorbed.

Surup-surup, to gain secret information, to ascertain on the sly.

Suruwasa, a district in the interior of Central Sumatra, containing the old capital of Menangkabau. Suru, C. 754, a warrior, a hero. Brave, heroic, intrepid. Wasa, C. 640, a house, a habitation, a site, or situation. The abode of heroes.

Surya, the sun, used in the composition of proper names. The colloquial word for the sun being Mata poi. Derived from Sura, C. 752, to shine. Surya, what shines, the sun. Surya, C. 760, the sun. The Ur in Surya resembles the Polynesian Ur in Timur,—see ,—and would give then Sa-ur-ya, that which comes forth. On Bali, Surya holds equal rank with Siwa. .

Susah, inward trouble, disquietude, distress, anxiety. Troubled, troublesome, difficult to accomplish. Inconvenient.

Susahan and Susahkěn, to give trouble, to cause distress, to annoy, to incommode.

Susu, the breast. The nipples on the breast of man or woman, a dug, a teat. U at the Marquesas and Sandwich Islands is teat, a woman's breast, milk. vocabulary. U in the Maori of New Zealand is „the breast of a female.”, Dissertation, page 141. It has this meaning in more languages of the Pacific, and is evidently duplicated with the prefix Sa in Sunda, Sa-u Sa-u = Susu. This is also the case in Malay and other languages of the Archipelago. The duplication being a method of expressing intensitiveness, which occurs also in other instances. Susu or Chisusu, water of the nipples, is the usual expression for milk.

Susu, a small monovalve shellfish common in the mountain streams, Melania. There are also Susu on the rocks on the sea-shore, which are Nerita.

Susuan, to give suck. To take an infant to the breast for the purpose of sucking.

Susudu or Susuduk, anything used by way of a spoon or laddie. A piece of stiff cocoa-nut-leaf bent in a channel, with which to poke at any soft object and help yourself to a portion.

Susugu, food, aliment, provisions, the necessaries of life,—supplied to strangers, public officials or visiters, also to people employed on any work. Susugu na hadé, he gave good cheer.

Susuhunan, title of the emperor of Solo. May be derived from Suhun, to carry on the head. Called also sometimes Sunan. In the Indisch Magazijn, tweede twaalftal, nos. 5 and 6, page 186, is found that Susuhunan, also Sunnan, is derived from the word Suhun, which implies reverence; Nyuhun, to reverence; Sinuhun, to be reverenced.


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468 word, with the very common prefix Saha, and short sa, by means of, would easily elide into into Sa-urat = Surat, what was engraved. Now at early periods of civilization in the Archipelago, very likely before paper was known, the people wrote generally upon slips of bambu with a style or pointed knife, which is the case, till the present moment, with the Battas of Sumatra, and some Dayaks on Borneo. The lontar-leaf was then probably even less known, than at later periodsh or only known along the sea-board, where it grows best. To this moment sometimes the Sunda mountaineers scratch a bit of fresh green bambu with a sharp pointed knife and in Arabic characters when better writing materials fail them. The word Surat, altered to Suratra, also exist in the Malagasi of Madagascar, and means not only writing, but also painting. This, in his Dissertation, page 157, considers as of Arabic origin. The word Surat, when it assumes the verbal form becomes in Sunda Nyurat, Nyuratan, when the intitial Sa is dropped. In Sunda also occurs the word Sěrat, stripes, lines, as in a drawing, and this appears to be a diminutive form of the word Surat. So also we have in Sunda the word Chěrét, to write, or more properly to scribble, indicative of the rapid motion of any writing materials. The Arabs however, have a word nearly resembling our Surat in Sirat, a written document, a manuscript, examples of which are Sirat Wackidi, Sirat Tabari, and Sirat Hishami different Arab manuscripts regarding Mahomet. See Calcutta Review, March 1854, page 75.

Surat or Awi surat, the written bambu, from having longitudinal stripes between the joints along the tube. It resembles the awi gědé.

Surawung, an herb planted in the humahs and also in the gardens of the natives. Bears a fine pin-head like seed. Called in Malay Kamang'i. The leaves have a sweet-scented smell when pressed between the fingers, something resembling pepper-mint; used in native cookery. It is the Ocymum Monachorum of the family of Labiatae.

Surěm, obscure, dark, dimmed, sullied.

Surén, name of a forest-tree, Cedrela Febrifuga; a substitute for Peruvian bark can be prepared from it. The wood is much used for the panels of carriages, and the Manilla segar-boxes are made also from its wood, which is red.

Surga, Heaven, the abode of the blessed, Swarga, C, 782, the paradise of Indra on the top of Maha Méru, and the residence of deified mortals and the gods.

Suri, a queen, a woman of high rank. See.

Suri, a variety of cucumber which is of rather a globular shape and called Bonténg Suri.

Suri, the sisir of the native loom, so called about Buitenzorg. Vide Sisir.

Surili, name of a variety of monkey wild in the Sunda forests and very shy. It is greyish black, with a white mark under the chin on the breast.

Surubuk, manure; any dung or other matter, as soot or ashes, laid on the ground to improve it.

Surud, the ebb, the ebbing of the tide of the sea, or the going down of a flood in the rivers. Cha-ah na gěus surud, the flood has gone down.


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Rh Sur, the idiomatic expression of shoving along with some degree of force. It is in a higher degree, what Sĕr is in a smaller one. Sur bai di gusur, he trailed him along the ground.

Sur, Arabic, the zodiacal sign Taurus.

Sura, the word occurs often in the composition of proper names. sura, C. 752, from Sura, to shine, to be radiant. A god, a deity, the sun; a sage, a learned man; power, majesty, dignity, auspiciousness. In Java Sura generally is taken for a hero, a brave man.

Surabaya, the capital of the east-end of Java, in the straits of Madura, and name of an extensive residency. Sura, vide voce, or Suru, C. 754, a warrior, a hero. Bhaya, C. 488, fear, terror, dread, alarm. Sura-baya, God-fear, hero-fear, fearful on account of the gods who protect it, or the heroes who defend it, or the fear of heroes who would attack it.

Surabi, name of a variety of Kuéh or native cake, made of rice-flour.

Surah, Arabic, a section of the Koran.

Surah, the purport of a dream. The meaning of an expression which is not self-evident. A paragraph conveying some distinct meaning.

Surak, to cry out aloud, to shout. An acclamation of joy or victory.

Surakan, to shout, to any one, by way of warning, or tauntingly.

Surakarta, the capital of the emperor of Java, who is usually called the Susunan. Sura vide voce. Karta or Kĕrta, done, accomplished. Triumphant and accomplished. Generally called Surakarta adhi ning rat. Adhi, C. 24, over, above, implying superiority in place, quantity, quality. Ning, of the, Rat for Rata, C. 581, a country, a district, an inhabited country. Thus, triumphant and accomplished, the fore-most place in the land. Also called simply Solo. Kĕrta also means peace, tranquility, and Sura-karta may thus also be: a hero in peace.

Suralaya, 754, from Sura, a deity, or Surâ, spirits, and Alaya, abode. The sacred mountain Méru; the extremity of the world’s axis, and rehidence of the gods. Swarga or paradise. The highest top of the Unarang mountain, inland of Samarang, is so called.

Suraléh, name of a tree, also called Kapidĕngklung, which see.

Surambi, a porch, a portico, a covered gallery. A vestibule. The vestibule of the mosque, or a place built as an appendage to a mosque for the purpose of holding courts on religious matters, or of gathering together to study the koran.

Surat, a writing, anything written. A letter sent by post. , page, 191 reports this word as Arabic, but this origin may be fairly doubted, as it will admit of a Polynesian solution. Urat is a vein, a sinew, a fibre, whence it probably derived the word Gurat, to make a mark on any hard substance, as by engraving. Hence we have Gurat Batu, literally: engraven on stone, meaning figuratively any fixed tax or contribution, as if it had been registered on stone, and thus immutable. This


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466 Sunduk, a cross-beam or bar in a house or building composed of wood. A cross-beam between upright posts of a building, on which the beams of the floor rest.

Sundul, sticking up; bulging out, projecting.

Sundung, two pieces of frame-work made of light bambus, connected by a carrying stick, which rests upon the shoulders. Such Sundungs are used every where by grass-cutters for carrying their grass. A bambu frame-work for carrying grass.

Sundut, to set on fire. To put fire to.

Sungké, name of a tree which grows easily from cuttings, and thus much used for fences.

Sungked, same as Sĕngkud, to hurry on, to hasten.

Sungkur, to pute the head under and toss as a bull does. To grub in the earth as a pig with its snout. To break open as an animal would do with its head. To shove or ram in. To toss or poke into with the head.

Sunglap, the same as Sulap, which see. To juggle. To do sleights of hand.

Sungsang, a jacket without sleeves or buttons.

Sungsangkĕn, to set aslew. To put at some angle with some other object.

Sungsuhunan, the ridge-pole of a house. Apparently also derived from Suhun, to carry on the head.

Sung'ut, the mouth of man or beast. An aperture in anything. Di bĕubĕutkĕn ka na Sung'ut na, he dashed it against his mouth. Hasupkĕn ka jero sung'ut na, put it into his mouth. Loba tĕuyn sung'ut, too much jaw! too much cheek! ——Sung'ut kunchi, a key-hole. Sung'ut bĕdil, the mouth of a gun.

Sunting, to deck the ears with flowers or other ornaments. The ornaments so used.

Sup, the idiomatic expression of going in, or putting in. Into. Sup lĕuwĕung di hasupan, into the forest he entered. Sup bai di chochokan, putting it in, he stuffed it up. The etymon of hasup, to go in; come in.

Supa, champignons growing on logs of wood or fallen trees. There is a great variety of Supa in the forests among the mountains, many of which are eaten by the natives, and of which Supa béas, or rice-champignon is perhaps the best, being a small round white mushroom. Several of the supa, however, are poisonous.

Supa lumar, a variety of champignon growing on rotten trees, in the forests among the mountains, which is phosphorescent in the dark, shining like the glow-worm.

Supaya, in order that, so that, to the end that. But on consideration. Supaya mĕunang, in order to get it. As long as you get it. Supaya hadé, as long as it is good. In order that it may be good. Jadi na gĕus di janji, supaya ayĕunah to di bere, just now I promised it, but on consideration I cannot give it.

Supit, narrow, wanting room, confined. Jalan na supit tĕuyn, the road is too narrow.

Suprah, a day in an ancient week corresponding to Friday. See Dité. This word is different from the one usually employed in Ceylon, which is 'Sikurada, from Si- kura, C. 730, the planet Venus. Our Sunda word is, however, a corruption of Sukra, C. 743, the planet Venus, or its regent, the preceptor of the daity as, or enemies of the gods.


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Rh Boja Nagara, the country about St. Nicholas Point, may have got that name from having been the „Subsistance of the land," which it implies, and affording the necessaries of life to the numerous foreign traders. Séngyang Para, literally „the Holy divinity's gateway," or, as it is called in English maps „Thawt the way," is a real gateway for navigators who came down the coast of Sumatra. Palo Rakata, which Europeans have transmogrified into „Cockatoa Island," may be a Polynesian way of pronouncing Rakta, C. 578, dyed, tinged, coloured, stained, red, of a red colour, blood-vermilion The island is now-a-days rather green than red, but it is high and peaked, and may in ancient times have been an active volcano, when it would merit the name of red, or colour of blood. The seat of trade, in course of time, was removed further into the Java Sea, and, before the arrival of Europeans, was established at Sunda kalapa = the Hidden depot, where subsequently the Dutch founded the present town of Batavia, but which the Chinese, to this day, call Kalapa, after its ancient designation. In Malay no two consonants come together, unless one of them be a liquid or a nasal (CRAWFURD's Malay Grammar, Dissertation, page 19), thus Rakata may be the Malay way of pronouncing Rakta. Sunda Kalapa, the old name of a place not far from where the town of Batavia now stands. The Chinese still call Batavia, Kalapa, after this original name, which has been preserved by this people, though forgotten by even the native inhabitants of the country. The supposed meaning of Sunda has been given above. Kalapa is secret, hidden, out of sight. Vide voce. And thus Sunda Kalapa may, in early times, have meant a secret place of deposit or a depot for the traders from continental India, to collect their goods and rendez-vous before leaving in a fleet, to proceed up the coast of Sumatra, and then cross the Bay of Bengal on their way home. The Sunda people have a tradition that Europeans first showed themselves at Nusa Kalapa, a small island lying off the mouth of the Chidani river, and thus a little to the westward of the present town of Batavia. This may have been at Onrust or one of the adjoining islands. See RAFFLES, vol. 1, page 23 of Introduction. It is rather remarkable that this spot, the mouth of the Chidani river, is still called „Untung Jawa" : the prosperity of Java. Sundal, a prostitute, a whore, a woman of bad fame. This word is occasionally used, though Lonté is more frequent. Chandala, C. 193 and 196, is most likely the etymon of the Sunda and Malay word Sundal. CLOUGH gives at page 193: Chandala is a kind of generic name for a man of the lowest caste, properly an outcast, a mean, low, vile fellow; a sort of mischievous demon-like wretch, one ready to execute any vile or mischievous act.

Sundal, name of a plant with pretty, sweet, white flower, much worn in women's hair. Polyanthcs Tuberosa, or tuberose. Called in Malay Sundal malam or Sédap malam. Sunděk, inconveniently low. A place which you have difficulty to pass under. Sunděk amat lawang na, that door is very inconveniently low (you cannot get in without knocking your head against the lintel).


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464 Sunat, Arabic, what is authorized or allowed. Actions meritorious though not obligatory. Sambayang sunat, prayers of super-erogation.

Sunat, Arabic, circumcision. Sagala islam kudu di sunatan, all Mahomedans must be circumcised.

Sunda, the Western half of the island called by Europeans generally Java. It extends from Java Head to, and includes the residency of Cheribon, as distinct from the Eastern half of the island, which is Jawa or Java properly so called, and on the island itself always meant, when Java is spoken of. Sunda may be derived from the Sunda word Tunda, to set aside, to put by, and Sa or Saha,, 722, a particle and prefix signifying union, association, with, together. In Sunda Sa in the composition of words means also having the property of. The words Saha and Sa and Tunda are contracted into Sa-unda or Sunda, a place of deposit, an entrepot. Hence there is also the word Tundan, to carry by stages, to transport by corvées from one place to another. Sonda, C. 765, is good, excellent, delightful, pleasing, agreeable. There is also Sundara, C. 749, handsome, beautiful, elegant; well, excellent,—which would give a Sanscrit etymon for the word, as many other islands in these parts also possess. The Sunda-country would well merit the title of delightful, pleasing, agreeable, in the eyes of the people of Coromandel, either from coming from a coast comparatively barren and treeless, or from having successfully performed a long sea-voyage, and meeting with a country that teamed with vegetation to the very brink of the waves. Sundara, C. 759, handsome, beautiful, elegant. Hence Sundarā, a name of Kama, the god of love = the handsome one. Sundari, a handsome woman. In the Prianger Kegencies, south of Bandong, is a Chi Sondari. The natives of India, coming from the droughty coasts of Coromandel, would be struck with the beauty of the ever-verdant plains and mountains of Java. One of the wives of Silawangi of Pajajaran was called Nyai Mantri Manék Mayang Sunda,, Java, 2 vol., page 104, which may be translated, her ladyship the counsellor, the beautiful gem of illusion, or her ladyship of the counsellor, the gem of illusion of Sunda. In Pantuns occurs the name of Kěntrik Manik Mayang Sunda, as the heroine of a romantic story. I feel rather inclined to derive Sunda from Tunda: in the Sunda language, to set aside, to put in deposit, so that it may be found and taken here after, and Saha or Sa-Tunda = Sa-unda, would imply a place of deposit, or, as we would call it now a days, an entrepot. I would imagine that this name was given to the West-end of Java, from the natives of the islands having been in the habit of bringing the spices of the Moluccos, and the produce of the Archipelago generally, to this place to meet the traders from the continent of India. Just outside of the bay of Bantam, there is even now an island called Pulo Tunda. Deposit island, sometimes also called Pulo Babi or Hog island. The suitableness of the position for the ancient trade of the country is proved from the prosperity of the old town of Bantam at a subsequent period and up to the arrival of Europeans round the Cape of Good Hope.


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Rh Sumpah, to swear, to take an oath. Probably derived from Sapa, C. 705, an oath, an imprecation, a curse. Made a verb by the insertion of the peculiar Um. Or it may be derived from Su; C. 752, good, reverence. Pata, C. 354, a leaf, the leaf of a book. The Hindu scriptures were written on palm-leaves, and on them, or by them, oaths may have been taken. In Javanese and Madurese, Supata is an oath, a vow. To swear, to vow.

Sumpahan, to administer an oath. To put to the test of an oath.

Sumpěl, to stop, to stop up, as the mouth of any aperture, the mouth of a bottle for instance. A stopple, a pledget, a cork, a bung, a plug. Lodong na di sumpět ku daun, the bambu water-holder was stuffed up with leaves, (to prevent the water from running out). Sumpěl is any wisp of leaves or other light matter to stuff into any vessel or aperture.

Sumping, a head-ornament. Any ornament worn about the head, especially when stuck into the hair, as a flower stuck in behind the ear.

Sumping, to come, to arrive. Said of a high personage.

Sumpit, to blow small arrows, headed with a bit of cotton, through a hollow bambu cane, with which to kill birds.

Sumpitan, the instrument used for blowing arrows. A blow-pipe. This instrument was probably formerly used extensive in ancient Java, as it now even exists, in common use, among the rude inhabitants of Borneo and Celebes. In Java it is, now a days, only a child's play thing.

Sumpur, name of a forest-tree with hard, heavy, reddish wood. Colbertia Obovata. This tree casts its leaves entirely before the new ones make their appearance, and when so devoid of leaves, the flowers show themselves in plenty. They are light yellow. The natives say that the wood of this tree turns to stone, and hence fossil wood, which is very plentiful all over Jasinga and South Bantam is called Batu sumpur. But, notwithstanding what the natives says, the process of fossilization does not appear to be going on.

Sumpur-chai, name of a tree, Capellia Macrocarpa.

Sumputkěn, to hide, to conceal anything, to secrete.

Sumsum, the marrow. The matter inside the bones.

Sumuhun, to submit, willing to obey. An humble expression, whereby the speaker intimates his willingness to comply with orders. Most obediently. Probably a plural form of Suhun, to carry on the top of the head.

Sumur, a well, a place where water naturally rises out of the ground, and is seldom deep, but mostly in the shape of a pool. Origin: Sur, idiomatic expression of shoving along, from the water in a well shoving itself out or oozing, with the peculiar Um interposed, to denote continuity or action.

Sunan, a sultan, an emperor. A title given to the first Mahomedan missionaries who were Arabs. Probably derived from Suhun, to carry on the head. See.


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462 trouble. Sumbat mělak jajong, it is worth while to plant maize. Have been amply rewarded by planting maize. Nyambut sawah sahěutik to sumbat nyéwa kěbo, to work a small sawah it will not pay to hire buffaloes.

Sumbawa, the third great island east from Java. Sambhawa, C. 713, from Sam, intensive, Bhawa, being, cause, origin, motive; birth, production. This name may have been given by the Hindu colonists on Bali and Lambok, to denote its being an island still further towards the rising sun. Bima at the east-end of Sumbawa looks like the Hindu Bima, a name for Siwa, vide voce. Little stress in laid on the vowel u, and it may without any violence be written Sumbawa.

Sumbeng, uncomfortable in the body or in the head as if of incipient disease. Warm in the head, and a little out of order as is often the case with children.

Sumběr, occurs in the composition of some names of places in East Java, where it means spring, fountain.

Sumbi, a small stick or bit of bambu in the native weaving loom, of length of the breadth of the web. It has a needle or pin fixed in each end, and is used in front of the Hapit, to keep the cloth at its proper breadth whilst weaving. This instrument is also called Sěungkěur.

Sumbing, a high mountain in central Java in Kadu, high nearly 11.000 feet. It is the twin-brother of the Sindoro.

Sumbu, the wick of a lamp or candle. See  and.

Sumbul, a basket made of split bambu, square at bottom, and high about eight inches, fitted with a cover. It is round at top and much larger than at the bottom. Such baskets, amongst other general purposes, are used for holding boiled rice, from which the people help themselves. When such a basket has no cover, it is called Boboko.

Sumbung, name of a plant, Conyza Graveolens. The same as Chapěuh.

Sumbur, to blow and spit out when performing Jampé or incantation. On such occasions the Dukun or doctor chews some sěurěuh mixed with a bit of Panglai, and then muttering a prayer, blows the contents of the mouth upon the sore place on the patient, which is thought to be a very efficacious remedy. It need hardly be said that faith has a great deal to do with such cures.

Suměnap, name of a sovereignty on the east end of the island of Madura.

Suméntor, in case of, for fear of (heard in Jampés).

Suměurěuh, better than usual, propitious, advantageous.

Sumidu, to hiccup. In Malay the word is Sédu, Marsden 165, to hiccup, to sob. Obstructed respiration. In the Sunda word the peculiar Um is interposed, which denotes continuity.

Sumihung, said of paddy-seed in the ground, which is swollen and about to burst the husk. In all probability derived from Sihung or Siyung, the eye-teeth or tusks of an animal. Sumihung is thus, showing with tusks.


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 Rh Sumadét, in trepidation, in anxiety.

Sumadi, rather than, sooner than. The worse of an alternative. Sumadi bunang anggur sia paih, sooner than get it, you are more likely to be killed.

Sumalaksa, to hide or conceal itself like an elf or evil genius wishing to do man some harm.

Sumalampir, to conceal itself as an evil genius which is troublesome to man.

Samang'at, happy, prosperous, successful, in abundance. Plenty, especially said of paddy, fruits or something to eat. Eukĕur sumang'at bubuwahan, at a time when fruit is in plenty. Eukĕur sumang'at lauk, at a time when fish is in abundance.

Sumanggah, perfectly right, very good. An expression of acquiescence and approbation. Probably derived from Sumangala, C. 751, from Su, good, and Mangala, auspicious: very fortunate, very auspicious.

Sumatra, the island so called by Europeans. The island is not so known by any natives, either on the island itself or on Java, and yet Europeans appear to have learnt that name from natives, when they first visited the East. Natives do not appear to have any general name, now adays at least, for the whole country, but designate its various parts, as Lampung, Bangkahulu, Aché &c. &c. The natives of India called it of old Jawa, as well as the island which we call Java. At Singapore, to this day, they call the wind blowing from Sumatra, angin Jawa. Amongst other derivations may be suggested the following. Of the two Jawas which the Indians found on arriving from the Continent, distinguished by Marco Polo, most probably after a method in use in his day, amongst Indian navigators, as Java minor, and Java major, the minor or Sumatra is the more northern, and lesser distant Java from India, though as a country it is far greater in size than the Java of the present day. Uttara, C. 76, means the North, northern, this with the constructive Sa, which is of such frequent occurrence, and is an abbreviation of Saha, C. 721, a particle and prefix signifying union, association, with, together, — would give Sa-uttara; between these two words has been inserted the peculiar um which see, and hence Sa-um-uttara = Sumatra , in a similar way that in Sunda, Jumarum is derived from Jarum, Tumbak from Tĕuwĕuk, Tumorék from Torék. And hence Sumatra would denote — „ the Northerly one", the northerly Island. Or it may come from Su, C. 742, good, well. Matra C. 536, the whole, only, solely, exclusive and identical. Sumatra = entirely good, exclusively good, — from the rich luxuriant vegetation which the natives of India would every where find, and so very different from the parched up coasts of Coromandel, whence they probably came.

Sumaut, said of certain fruits, as Mangoes, which have reached their full size, but are not yet properly ripe. Sumba, the name of the island called in the maps Sandalwood. Noted for its good breed of horses. Sumbang, out of time. Not keeping tune or intonation in singing or in instrument playing.

Sumbat, worth while, worth the trouble. Getting something to reward your labour or


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460, page 199. God be thanked; so much the better. Sukur lamun datang, I shall be thankful if he comes.

Sul, Arabic, used in the composition of some names, is properly Zul. Zu, Arabic,, 141, having, possessed of, endowed with. Iskander Zu'l Kurnein, Alexander the two-horned. This Zu'l is more commonly converted into Dul, see Dulpakar, Dul-kahidah, Dulhaji.

Sul, the idiomatic expression for pushing or poking anything forward into view. Sul bai ka harĕup, forward he went in front. Sul bai wang pérak mayar, poking out the silver money he paid.

Sula, a spit, a pale, a stake. Sula, C. 761, a weapon, a pike, a dart; an iron pin or spit.

Sulah, bald in the front of the head, but with hair behind. Partially bald in front either naturally or by removing the hair a little on the forehead so as to show a fine brow as a mark of beauty.

Sulam, to replace seed in the ground where it has failed to come up. To replace any plants which have died out. To embroider, evidently conveys the same idea as the Sulam of plants, viz stitching here and there on cloth.

Sulangkar, name of a small tree or bush. The wood is much used in the superstitious invocations of the natives, and many wonderful properties are attributed to it. It is also called Ki-tua or Ki-tuwa, or the old one, or perhaps rather the supernatural one, as Tuwa is the Malay for old, and not Sunda, which represents old by Kolot. See Tuwa. The Sulangkar is the Lela Sambucina of botany. It has berries somewhat like the elder-tree in Europe, and hence Sambucina.

Sulap, to juggle, to perform sleight of hand. To do acts of legerdemain. Sulabha, C. 755. Su, easy. Labha, acquiring, easy, feasible, attainable. Tukang sulap, a juggler.

Sulatri, name of a tree, Apoterium Sulatri. From the small round fruits an oil may be expressed.

Suling, a musical pipe, a flute. Tiyup suling, to blow a pipe, to play on a flute.

Sultan, Arabic, a sultan, a mohammedan prince.

Suluh, fire-wood. Sula, C. 755, a torch, a flambeau, a chool. Suluh in Malay, 193, a link, a torch (usually made of the bark of trees, narrow slips of bambu, or leaves of the cocoa-nut fastened together).

Sulur, a remplacent at work. A man sent by another to perform some public duty which was encumbent upon the sender.

Sumadang, name of one of the chief divisions of the Prianger Regencies, and also name of the chief town. The Um in this and the following words coming after the initial S is constructive, but the crude root cannot always be identified. It conveys an idea of similarity, of resemblance to what the word in its crude state implies. See Um voce,

Sumadar, spread out, laid out. Dagangan gĕus sumadar di warong, the articles of trade were spread out in the market.


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Rh body pines away,—supposed to be in consequence of some exertion by which the bowels have become disarranged.

Rugrug, to fall of itself,—as a tree; said of a tree blown down by the wind, and torn up by the roots. Said also of earth slipped down from the face of a hill, as among the mountains after heavy rain.

Ruhai, blazing up; alight as fire; in a blaze.

Ruhak, a firy stick; a stick fresh out of the fire. Embers. Wood that is burning and alight.

Rujak, any green or raw fruit, as mangoes, pineapple or cucumbers etc., shred up fine and mixed with sugar or any sweetening or seasoning, and then eaten. Considered a cooling delicacy in the heat of the day, but well adapted to bring on a fit of cholera.

Ruka, fallen,—as a tree blown down by the wind. Uprooted and cast down.

Rukan, Arabic, aid, support;—this word only occurs when talking of religious matters.

Ruk-rék, casting the eyes about in all directions. On the qui vive. Prying.

Rukun, Arabic, a fixed number or extent,—in matters of law.

Rum, Arabic, Constantinople. The Turkish empire. This word is evidently the Rome of Europeans. When the Turks conquered Constantinople, the Roman government was established there.

Rumah tangga, Malay,—but sometimes used to express a proper and permanent house, such as will ensure the residence of the occupant. Rumah, house, Tangga, ladder, a ladder house—thus well and properly built, and not merely consisting of a few sticks stuck in the ground, which is called in Sunda Imah těblok.

Rumégang, said of plantain fruit which in only half ripe, and not yet fit to eat.

Ruméntang, squatting on, perched upon.

Rumpak, to tread on, to tread down, to get upon which the feet. Sing hadé kěmbang na, ulah di rumpakan, take care do not tread down the flowers. Karumpak, trodden down. Kaso na kudu di rumpakan, the tall reeds must be trodden down.

Rumpak-jami, harvest home. The paddy straw trodden down in reaping. Jami is here an abbreviation of Jěrami, paddy straw. Gěus rumpak jami, also means: an affair has been settled; a division has been made; the advantages have been enjoyed.

Rumput, a close tangled thicket. A bush of any vegetable mass which a man cannot walk through. When trees and lianes, even overhead, are so tangled and intermatted that a man cannot make his way through them, it is called Rumput. In Malay Rumput is grass, which in Sunda in called Jukut.

Runchang, to influence so as to be well disposed towards others. Jampé or incantation to induce a person to marry.

Rundaikěn, to open out, to unfold, to unfurl, to fling loose, as a cloth that was folded up.

Rungkad, torn down, blown down by the wind. Uprooted. Torn up by the roots and fallen to the ground, as a tree blown down by the wind. Fetched way. Torn violently off.


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v. 31 10. He hath brought it by what was not the road; we send it forth from here by the road; he unwise, O men, hath brought [it] together, out of thoughtlessness, for the wise (dhī́ra).

11. He who hath made hath not been able to make; he hath crushed a foot, a finger; he, fortuneless, hath made what is excellent for us [who are] fortunate ones.

12. The witchcraft-maker, spell-hider, root-possessor, worthy of cursing—let Indra smite him with his great deadly weapon; let Agni pierce him with a hurled [arrow].

title: Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/450


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book V/Hymn 31

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book V/Hymn 31


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Rh Pěrlénté, a coxcomb, a dandy; showing airs. The pride of adolescence. Dissolute, debauched. Pěrmasuri, a queen consort, a royal female. Pěr and Iswari, C. 73, the wife of Siwa, otherwise named Lakshmi, Durga or Saraswati. The letter m has been intercalated between Pěr and Iswari, for the sake of euphony. Pěrnah, and Pěrnahkěn, to make arrangements for, to accommodate; to show respect to. Pěrniti, neat and decent in dress. Perhaps from Nita, C. 336, well behaved, modest, humble, obedient, or Niti, C. 336, guiding, directing, leading. Pěrsagi, square, a cube; at right angles. Sagi, however, is not only square, that is four sided, but may imply any indefinite number of sides, as tiga pěrsagi, ampat pěrsagi, lima pěrsagi, three, four or five sided. Pěs, the idiomatic expression of a candle, light or fire going out. Damar na pěs bai parěum, the candle blew out, or became extinguished. Pésék, flat nosed; having a small flat nose. Pěsék, to tear in shreds; to split up into a small pieces. To tease out. Pésian, to take the skin off a fruit, to peel. Pésian kanas, to peel a pine-apple, which is done by cutting off all the outer rind and eyelets. Pěsing, smelling of urine, stinking of piss. Péso, a knife. Péso chukur, a shaving knife, a razor. Péso raut, a whittling knife, to pare rattan with. Péso těunděut, a dagger. Péso penuju, a kind of dagger, a poignard, from Tuju. Péstol, European, a pistol. Pěta, arrangements made preparatory to any work or operation, a basis for working on. A sure footing. A place to stand on. Kudu bogah pěta, you ought to make arrangements, Ari turun ka jěro kawa kudu ngilikěn pěta, if you descend into a crater, you ought to look out for standing places, or places to rest on. Pétak, a garden bed; a bed of anything planted. Pětakěn, to make arrangements for commencing work. To make dispositions. Pétangan, divination; finding out lost goods by necromancy. Pětét, a seedling plant, any small plant raised from seed. Offspring. Pěti, a box, a trunk, a chest. Pettiya, C. 417, a basket, a box, a trunk, a coffer. Pěti wang, a money box. Pěti běusi, an iron chest. Pětis, a mixture of sugar, salt, délan or trasi, and chabé, with a little water, and used as a sauce with green unripe fruit. Pétor, Portuguese feitor, a factor, a superintendent of trade; the chief European at a subordinate settlement. On Java it often means the resident or chief civil authority. Pétot, any fruit which is not full formed, not well developed, thus stunted, and in this sense is sometimes applied to animals which are poor and small. Pĕtot, to pick out. To disengage or disentangle anything from a place where it is fixed. Evidently the same etymon as Tut, which has been in this instance contracted into


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardres, Thomas


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 Gometricians censur'd by M. Hobbs, 14. 153. defended by D. Wallis, 16. 289.

The method of teaching Geometry reform'd, 15. 261. See Euclidis Elementa novo ordine, among the Books.

Nquiries, see Directions, suprá.

Ice and Snow how»to be preserv'd in Chasse, and how Snow-houses are made in Livorn, 8. 139.

Insects, in swarms pernicious in some Countries; the cause of them, and what Remedies, 8. 139. some Insects, commonly believed poysonous, not so, by M. Fairfax, n. 22.

To find the Julian period by a new and easie way, 18. 324.

Jupiter's Rotation by degrees discover'd in England and Italy, n. 1, p. 3. n. 4. p. 75. n. 8. p. 143. n. 9. p. 173. n. 12. p. 209. n. 14. p. 245.

Ermes, how gather'd and used for Coloration, describ'd with many considerables, 20. 362.

Ight, to examine what figure or celerity of motion begetteth or increaseth Light or Flame in some Bodies, by D. Beale, 13. p. 226. Shining Worms found in Oysters, 12. 203. The Bononian Stone duly prepar'd continues light once imbibed above any other substance yet known amongst us, 21. 375. The loss of the way of preparing the same for shining, feared, ibid.

Longitudes at Sea, how to be ascertain'd by Pendulum-Watches, 1. 13.

Lungs and Windpipes in Sheep and Oxen strangely stopt with Hand-Balls of Grass, 6. 100.

Arbles, that a liquor may be made to color them, piercing into them, 7. 125.

Mars, by what steps and degrees of diligence discover'd to be turbinated, both in England and Italy. Compare n. 10. p. 198. and n. 14. 239, 242. see the Schemes there.

May-dew examin'd by various Experiments, by M. Henshaw, 3. 33.

Mechanical Principles in a Geometrical method, explicating the nature or operation of Plants, Animals, 8. 325.

Medecins in China consist for the most part of Simples Decoctions, Cauteries, Frictions, without the use of Blood-letting, 14, 249. The Physicians there, commended for speedy Cares; and easie, ibid.

Mediterranean Sea, whether it may be join'd with the Ocean, debated, 3. 41.

Micrography epitomized, 2. 27. M. Auzout's Objections to a part of it; vid. the new way of grinding Spherical Glasses by a Turn-lath, 4. 57. M. Hooks answer thereunto, 4. 64. both at large.

Mercury-Mines in Friuli, and the way of getting it out of the earth, 2. 21.

Mineral Inquiries, see Directions, Engins, Artificial Instruments. Mineral at Liege yielding Brimstone and Vitriol; and the way of extracting them, 3. 35. How Adits and Mines are wrought at Liege, 5. 79. A Stone in Sueden yielding Sulphur, Vitriol, Allum and Minium, and how, 21. 375. See Kircher's Mundus Subterraneus abbr. 6. 109.

Monsters, a Calf deform'd, and a great stone found in a Cows womb, n. 1. 10. a Colt with a double eye in one place, 583.

Moons Diameter how to be taken, and why increased in the Solar Eclipse of Jun. 22, 1666. n. 2. p. 373. see Planets. What discoverable in the Moon, and what not. Moons Eclipses how to take without inconvenience, 457.

Mulberry-Trees how to be cut low, and easie to be reach'd, for relief of Silk-worms, in China, 14. 249. in Virginia, 12. 202. see Silk.

Ile's Inundations, the cause attributed to Niter, by Dela Chambre; opposed by Vossius. See both in the List of Books, 14. 251. and 17. 304.

The North-Countries of Poland, Sweden, Denmark, &c. are warm'd by the influence of the Royal Society, 19. 344.

O. Oceans


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardwick, Charles (1821-1859)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardwick, Charles (1817-1889)


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198 Kanyaho, knowledge, understanding. Kula to bogah kanyaho have no knowledge (of the matter.)

Kanyahokĕn, to recognize, to acknowledge, to impart knowledge, to communicate.

Kanyanya- see kéniaya.

Kanyut, a bag, a sack, a purse.

Kapahili, taken by mistake; anything that is taken or done, under the impression of doing something else. Kapahili imah na mistaken in the house. (Jaw Hili, to give in exchange; ngilenni, to exchange, to indemnify. See Liru, which is the Ngoko-form.)

Kapahung, lost in the forest; cast away in the wilderness. Kapaihan, swooned, fainted, lost consciousness. (Cf. Pajah Batav. Mal. exhausted, deadly sick, nearly gone. Fr.)

Kapal, a ship, a sea ship, a square rigged vessel. Marsden says that Koppel is the Malabar for ship. It is properly a Tulugu word. Kappara, C. 105, a ship, a sloop. Kapal api, a steamer or more literally a fire-ship. The words are Malay but always used to denote a steamer. Kapal prang, a ship of war. Kapal sudagạr, a merchant ship.

Kapala, a chief, a headman; the best of anything, as of rice, tobacco, &c. the prime part. The word in Malay implies the head, but in Sunda has this meaning only figuratively, as Hulu is the word simply for head. Kapāla, C. 105, the head, the skull. This resembles the Greek Kephale. Kā, C. 117, the head, the body. Pala, C. 372 fruit, flesh. (Scr. Kapála means only the skull, the cranium.)

Kapalang, not worth while, inopportune, any act undertaken which is suddenly impeded. Kapalang amat daik di gawé dĕui, téréh burit, It is not worth while beginning to work again, as it will soon be night. Jadi kapalang. It will not be worth while (as something will intervene and prevent it.) (Jav. Ngalangngi, to impede; palang, impediment.)

Kapan, an idiomatic expression for confirming an assertion. Kapan gĕus di béré, now have not I given it you. Can be best translated by-now, as in the following example Kapan daik kaluar, now are not you going to leave your situation. (Kapan, Ml. Jav. at what time, relatif and interrogatif; derived not from apa, but from puan, pon, demonstrativ, the original form in Kawi being Kapuan Fr.)

Kapanasan, heated, overcome with heat.

Kapang, the Teredo navalis; the sea worm which bores so easily into wood and even into soft stone.

Kapang'êrod, said when the feet get entangled in a rope, string, or jungle-rope, so as to impede walking.

Kapanggih, to meet; met, come in contact with. Tilok kapanggih, I never met him. (Jav. Panggih, to find, to encounter.)

Kaparĕk, near, in proximity. (Parĕk Javan. id. Kr. Chakĕt = Mal. dĕkat. This word undergoes a great variety of alterations, which it is totoo [sic] long to enumerate. From parĕk-parĕkkan, followers. Fr.)


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410 Rungkang, a shadow. Weeds, twigs. Rubbish.

Rungkěl-ringkěl, turning and winding, like a path in a forest. Tortuous. Jalan na rungkěl-ringkěl, the way was tortuous or winding.

Rungkup, and Rungkapan, to surround, to hem in, to encompass with the intention of catching. Bědul hasup kadung'us kudu di rungkupan, the pig ran into a clump of trees and must be hemmed in. Lauk kumpul di lěuwi, laku di rungkupan, the fish has collected together in a deep pool and can be caught in a casting net.

Runtah, filth; useless choppings, cuttings or leavings. Anything which makes a litter. Runtah na kudu di singkirkěn, that litter must be put out of the way. Ulah niyěun runtah di diyo, don't make a mess here.

Rup, the idiomatic expression of covering up or enclosing, as with a net or basket. Rup bai di hěurapan, they flung their nets. Rub bai kotok di turuban ku ranggap, the fowls were covered up under a split bambu basket.

Rupa, appearance, shape. What can be seen. Anything produced or accomplished. To bisa rupa, he could not produce it; he could not bring it about. Pagawéan sia gěus rupa? has your work assumed shape,—have you done it? Jélěma na di rupa, the man did not make his appearance; the man had no work to show. Kudu rupa sorangan, you must show up yourself. Rupa, C. 598, natural property or disposition; form, figure; appearance, semblance; any object of vision.

Rupa-rupa, of various sorts, an assortment.

Rupiyah, a rupee; a Dutch guilder. The word is Persian and Hindu.

Rurah, the same as Lurah, a village chief.

Rurugan, to attack; to set upon in numbers, as when troops or bands of men go to war. Rurugan kapagunungan Bantan, to proceed to make war among the mountains of Bantam.

Ruruntuk, any spoiled worn-out implement or thing. So much spoiled as to be hardly useable. Gěus ruruntuk jasah, it is quite spoiled or worn out. Mulung ruruntuk batur, picking up what others have thrown away as useless. Ruruntuk prang, people or implements which have been smashed or shattered in battle. To aya ruruntukan, totally destroyed; so much spoiled that there are not even the smashed leavings fit for use.

Rusak, spoiled, damaged, injured; pulled to pieces; destroyed. Rusak nakěr patahunan kami, our yearly plantings are totally destroyed. Rusak angěn, the heart destroyed,—confounded or overwhelmed with affliction.

Rusěb, rough and unpleasant, set full of impediments, in a litter. Any entanglement which prevents free motion. Tangled and in confusion.

Ruwas, a joint of bambu, or more properly the tube between two joints, used to hold water or any other material. The tubes between the articulations of any plant, as in the grasses. When bambus are very large they are called Lodong, which see. The space between two joints in the body, as in the fingers.


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Rh Ruwasan, having articulations or joints.

Ruwis, the edging rope of a net. The rope which passes along the edge of a net, by which it can be hung up or distented.

Ruyuk, a bush; shrubs. Any small collection of bushes or dwarf jungle. Charěuh na hasup ka ruyuk, the charěuh ran among the bushes. See Ngaruyuk.

Ruyung, the wood of palm trees. The outer horny part of the tree, which surrounds the soft part within, from which, in some cases, sago is made. Ruyung is very hard and horny when cut transversely, but splits easily length-wise.

 S.

Sa, one, the numeral of unity,—especially when combined with some other word. Sa orang, one man, one person. Sa orangan, alone. Sa tangkal, one tree. Sa imah, one house. Sa manuk, one bird. Sa, appears to be of Sanscrit origin and a contraction of the word Saha, C. 721, a particle and prefix signifying union, association, with, together. Thus we have in Sunda Sa hiji for one, which see, and in Malay Sa tu or Sa watu,—with or by means of a seed,—with or by means of a stone, to indicate unity. Sa has been very extensively used in the formation of words in Sunda, as well as in other Polynesian tongues, as will be seen by reference to what follows, where it will be found at the commencement of the word, and has chiefly the meaning of: by means of,—by the intervention of,—as long as (referring to duration of time),—having in use, —wearing,—of one common origin. Sa is often used instead of Saha even in Singhalese; see Sāmāra, Clough, page 710, which is composed of Sa for Saha, with, and Māra, an enemy,—having the passions subdued. So also in the word Sama, which is used in Malay for with, along with. This word is also Singhalese and is found in Clough, page 709, meaning:—even, equal, similar, the final ma being constructive. In Sunda:—Sa dudukui, is wearing a hat; Sa jamang, wearing a jacket; Sa bědog, wearing a chopper; Sa kěběl na, as long as, whilst; Sa umur hirup, as long as you live; Sa akal na, by means of his device; Sa panjang na, at its full length; Sa chai, by means of water. Almost all the more refined people of the Archipelago have Sa in some shape to indicate One, and only the more barbarous people of the islands, on the Eastern verge of the Archipelago, have words for One which are totally different. We must, however, except the Rejangs of Sumatra, who use Do for one, but again these same people have Duy for two, and the rest of their numerals are closely allied to those of the Malays. How these people of the Archipelago came by these Sanscrit words to express One and Two is very perplexing, as though they are Sanscrit, or can be traced to an intelligible Sanscrit origin, they are not the usual words in that language for One, which is either Ek or Eka,—which is