text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/186

 he was already attainted by outlawry upon an indictment of high treason, no judgment was necessary, and Chief-justice Jeffries simply gave the order for his execution. He sent a petition for pardon to the king, and offered either to take out a colony of religious malcontents, or to serve him by his linen scheme. On the 26th he gave a paper with a narrative to the sheriffs. When drawn upon a sledge to Tyburn on the 30th, he behaved with much firmness, and, though the sheriffs pestered him with many questions on the scaffold, answered with ‘life and temper.’ He professed himself a member of the church of England. He was hanged and quartered; his head and quarters were sent to Bristol and fixed upon the gates. His confession, which seems to have been sincere, shows how few were prepared to enter into the schemes for murdering the king and the duke, though it also proves that these plans were known to many who, though disapproving of them, continued to work with the authors of them.

HOLLOWAY, RICHARD (d. 1695?), judge, was son of John Holloway, B.C.L., who was an official to the archdeacon of Berkshire and a ‘covetous civilian and public notary’ of Oxford. Richard Holloway is said to have been a fellow of New College, but his name does not appear in the list of graduates. He was admitted a member of the Inner Temple on 7 Feb. 1634, and was called to the bar on 24 Nov. 1658. His name does not appear in any law reports, and he probably practised locally in Oxford, where he lived opposite the Blue Boar in St. Aldate's parish. In February 1666 he was elected recorder by the mayor and burgesses of Wallingford (Cal. State Papers, Dom.) He was reader of his inn in Lent 1675, and in 1681 was one of the counsel for the prosecution of Stephen College [q. v.] at Oxford on a charge of high treason (xi. 331). In 1677 he had become a serjeant-at-law (, Life, p. lxxix), and was already a knight and king's serjeant in June 1683 (, Diary, i. 260). On 25 Sept. 1683 he was appointed a judge of the king's bench, and in November was one of the judges before whom Algernon Sidney was tried. He also concurred in the sentences on Titus Oates and on the Earl of Devonshire for assaulting Colonel Thomas Colepeper [q. v.] For these acts he, with the other judges, was summoned before parliament after the revolution, and, having been favourable to the dispensing power, was excepted out of the Act of Indemnity, 2 William and Mary. This was in spite of the fact that he had resisted James's claim to impose martial law in time of peace without consent of parliament, and as one of the judges at the trial of the seven bishops had declared their petition not to be a seditious libel, and had thereby brought upon himself dismissal from his judgeship on 4 July 1688. He withdrew to Oxford, where he lived in Nov. 1695, when he drew up Anthony à Wood's will.

HOLLOWAY, THOMAS (1748–1827), engraver, born in Broad Street, London, in 1748, was eldest son of a merchant who was an early follower of Wesley. His mother's portrait was painted by John Russell [q. v.] He was articled to a seal-engraver named Stent, by whom he was chiefly employed in carving steel ornaments. He subsequently attended the Academy schools, and in 1773 first appeared at the Royal Academy as an exhibitor of seals and engraved gems. Later and up to 1792 he was a frequent contributor of miniatures and portraits in oils and crayons, though his chief occupation was line engraving, which he practised with ability. His earliest published plates were small portraits for the magazines, chiefly of nonconformist ministers, with whom he was much associated. He afterwards projected an edition of Lavater's ‘Essays on Physiognomy,’ translated by Dr. Henry Hunter, 5 vols., 1789–98. The work was illustrated with about eight hundred plates executed by Holloway himself, Bartolozzi, Blake, and other good engravers, under the direction of Henry Fuseli, R.A. At this time he produced some of his best portraits, including those of Charles Howard, duke of Norfolk, after Pine, and the Rev. Timothy Priestley, 1792, and Dr. Richard Price, after West, 1793. He was also employed on the illustrations to Boydell's ‘Shakespeare,’ Bowyer's ‘History of England,’ and Bell's ‘British Theatre.’

In 1800, through the influence of Benjamin West, Holloway obtained permission to engrave on a large scale, and with a completeness not previously attempted, the seven cartoons of Raphael then preserved at


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/187

 Windsor, and to this task the remainder of his life was devoted. He engaged as assistants his former pupils, R. Slann and T. S. Webb, each of whom married a niece of Holloway, together with Joseph Thomson, an able artist who died young. They worked together at Windsor until 1814, when the cartoons were removed to Hampton Court. On the completion of the first plate, ‘Paul preaching at Athens,’ in 1806, the king appointed Holloway his historical engraver; the second, ‘Christ's Charge to Peter,’ appeared in 1810; the third, ‘The Death of Ananias,’ in 1816; and the fourth, ‘Elymas,’ in 1820. In that year all the preliminary drawings were finished, and Holloway retired with his associates to Edgefield in Norfolk, and later to Coltishall, near Norwich, to pursue their work on the plates, of which the fifth, ‘The Miraculous Draught of Fishes,’ was issued in 1824. This was the last that Holloway lived to complete. He died unmarried at Coltishall, near Norwich, 29 Feb. 1827, in his 80th year. The sixth plate, ‘Paul and Barnabas at Lystra,’ was then almost finished, and the seventh, ‘Peter and John at the Beautiful Gate,’ commenced. The former appeared in the following year, 1828, but the completion of the latter was delayed until 1839, when it was published with a dedication to the queen, and like the rest bore the names of Holloway, Slann, and Webb as the engravers and publishers. In the original prospectus the set was offered to subscribers for three guineas, and though this was subsequently raised to ten, the undertaking did not prove remunerative. Notwithstanding the skill and elaboration with which the plates were executed, they never found favour with artists, and have failed to supersede the rougher but more vigorous work of Dorigny. He executed crayon portraits of himself and of his nephew, a naval captain. A brother John was at one time a popular lecturer on animal magnetism.

HOLLOWAY, THOMAS (1800–1883), patent medicine vendor, was born at Devonport, then called Plymouth Dock, on 22 Sept. 1800. His father, at one time a warrant officer in a militia regiment, became, on retiring from the service, a baker in Fore Street, Devonport. After a time he removed to Penzance, and took the Turk's Head inn in Chapel Street, where he resided during the remainder of his life. He married Miss Chellew, the daughter of a farmer at Trelyon, in Lelant parish, Cornwall, by whom he was the father of several children. The son, Thomas, was educated at Camborne and at Penzance until 1816. After the death of his father, he, with his mother and his brother Henry, kept a grocery and bakery shop in the market-place, Penzance. About 1828 he removed to London, where he held various situations until 1836, when he established himself as a merchant and foreign commercial agent at 13 Broad Street Buildings. One of his clients was Felix Albinolo, a native of Turin, settled in London, who was proprietor of ‘Albinolo's or the St. Come et St. Damien ointment,’ and vendor of leeches. Holloway introduced him to the authorities at St. Thomas's Hospital as the inventor of a new ointment, and succeeded in obtaining for him testimonials as to its use and efficacy. This apparently suggested to Holloway that a similar ointment well advertised might be a profitable speculation. Having made an ointment of very harmless properties, he, according to his own account, announced it for sale on 15 Oct. 1837; the earliest traceable advertisement is in the ‘Town’ of 16 June 1838, where the curative value of ‘Holloway's family ointment’ was vouched for by ‘Herbert Mayo, senior surgeon, Middlesex Hospital, 19 Aug. 1837.’ On 4 Aug. 1838, however, F. Albinolo in the same paper warned the public that Mayo's letter was given in connection with Albinolo's ointment, the composition of which had been kept a secret. On 9 Oct. 1839 Albinolo was committed to a debtors' prison, and no more was heard of him. In the same year the name ‘Thomas Holloway, patent medicine warehouse, 244 Strand,’ appears in the ‘London Directory.’ He spent all the money he could spare in advertising his ointment and the pills which he very soon added. He visited the docks daily to bring his new preparations under the notice of the captains of vessels and passengers sailing to all parts of the world. For a time he met with little success, and getting into money difficulties was obliged to compound with his creditors, chiefly newspaper proprietors, but ultimately paid them all in full. Soon after his arrival in London he married Miss Jane Driver, who afterwards helped him in his business. A steady demand for the pills and ointment gradually arose. In 1842 he spent 5,000l. in advertising, in 1845 10,000l., in 1851 20,000l., in 1855 30,000l., in 1864 40,000l., in 1882 45,000l., and at the time of his death he was spending about 50,000l. per annum. Directions respecting the use of his medicines were translated into nearly every known tongue, including Chinese, Turkish, Armenian, Arabic, and most of the verna-

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 1.djvu/93

Rh As ye pass by the tomb,

Where my ashes consume,

Oh! moisten their dust with a Tear.

12.

May no marble bestow

The splendour of woe,

Which the children of Vanity rear;

No fiction of fame

Shall blazon my name,

All I ask, all I wish, is a Tear. October 26, 1806.

REPLY TO SOME VERSES OF J. M. B. PIGOT, ESQ., ON THE CRUELTY OF HIS MISTRESS.

1.

, Pigot, complain

Of this damsel's disdain,

Why thus in despair do you fret?

For months you may try,

Yet, believe me, a sigh

Will never obtain a coquette.


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 1/The Tear


text:
Tear

 * The Tear, a poem by Lydia Huntley Sigourney
 * The Tear, a poem by Lord Byron
 * The tear, an unattributed poem
 * Tears, a poem by Osbert Sitwell
 * Tears, a poem by Edward Thomas
 * Tears, by Fyodor Tyutchev
 * Tears, a poem by Walt Whitman
 * The Tears, a poem by John Cowper Powys

title: Tear


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/188

 culars of India, and his advertisements were found in newspapers in all parts of the world. On 9 Nov. 1850 he obtained an injunction against his brother, Henry Holloway, who had commenced selling ‘Holloway's pills and ointment’ at 210 Strand (, Reports of Cases in Chancery, 1853, xiii. 209–14). In 1860 he employed a Dr. Sillon to introduce his medicines into France; but the laws in that country were not favourable to secret remedies, and the attempt was a failure. An action afterwards arose out of this transaction (, Reports, 1863, xiv. 336–7). His premises, 244 Strand, being demolished to make room for the new law courts in 1867, he removed to 533 New Oxford Street, since renumbered 78 New Oxford Street, where, without counting various branches of outdoor assistance, he employed one hundred hands. Here he lived many years in a very quiet way; latterly he removed to a country house at Tittenhurst, Sunninghill, Berkshire, but was always very simple in his habits. The profits of his business finally reached 50,000l. a year, and, combined with judicious speculations in stocks, made him very rich. An offer on his part to bestow some of his money on his native town was not well received by the municipal authorities. Shortly after, on the advice of Lord Shaftesbury, he decided on building a sanatorium, as a hospital for the mentally afflicted of the lower middle class. His wife had died at Tittenhurst on 25 Sept. 1875, aged 71, and in her memory he also determined to erect a ladies' college.

Holloway attended carefully to his business and to the arrangement for establishing the two institutions to the last. He died of congestion of the lungs at Tittenhurst on 26 Dec. 1883, and was buried in St. Michael's churchyard, Sunninghill, on 4 Jan. 1884. His will was proved on 16 Jan. for 550,061l. 8s. 2d., there being also considerable freehold property. He left all to Miss Mary Ann Driver, his wife's sister.

On 8 May 1876 Holloway purchased ninety acres of land at Mount Lee, Egham Hill, Surrey, to form the Holloway College estate. In forming the picture gallery for the college he bought for 6,000l. Sir Edwin Landseer's ‘Man Proposes and God Disposes,’ the first of a collection of pictures for which he at various times paid 83,446l. The total amount spent for the land, buildings, furniture, and pictures exceeded 400,000l., to which in 1883 he added 300,000l. to complete and endow the college, in which there are one thousand rooms, provision being made for two hundred and fifty students. This institution was opened by Queen Victoria 30 June 1886 (Times, 21 June, 1 July 1886, 12, 28 May and 17 Dec. 1887). The sanatorium at Virginia Water is a magnificent building, containing four hundred and eighty rooms, and giving accommodation to two hundred and forty patients. It was opened by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, when Prince and Princess of Wales, 15 June 1885.

HOLLYDAY, SAMUEL (1685-1739), Irish divine. [See .]

HOLLYWOOD or SACROBOSCO, CHRISTOPHER (1562–1616), Irish Jesuit. [See .]

HOLMAN, FRANCIS (fl. 1760–1790), of a Cornish family, marine painter, resided among the seafaring folk in Shadwell and Wapping. There he painted several pictures of shipping, storms, sea-fights, &c., which have met with unmerited neglect. In 1767 he exhibited three pictures of shipping at the Free Society of Artists. He exhibited with that society up to 1772. In 1774 he first exhibited at the Royal Academy, sending ‘The Augusta Yacht, with His Majesty on board Reviewing the Fleet at Spithead,’ and ‘The Fleet Saluting His Majesty when on board the Barfleur.’ He exhibited there every year up to 1784. In 1778 he sent a painting of Admiral Hawke's victory at Belle Isle in 1759; in 1779 the attack on Rhode Island by the French fleet in 1778; in 1780 Admiral Rodney's engagement with the Spanish squadron; in 1782 Admiral Parker's engagement with the Dutch fleet; in 1783 Lord Rodney's action with the French fleet in April 1782; and in 1784 Lord Hood's action at Basseterre in January 1782.

HOLMAN, JAMES (1786–1857), the blind traveller, was the fourth child of a chemist and druggist of Fore Street, Exeter,


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/189

 where he was born on 15 Oct. 1786. He entered the navy as a first-class volunteer on board the Royal George on 7 Dec. 1798. From September 1799 until April 1805 he served in the Cambrian on the home and North American stations, and subsequently was employed on the Leander and Cleopatra, of which last frigate he was appointed lieutenant on 27 April 1807. From October 1808 to November 1810, when he was invalided, Holman served on board the Guerrière, stationed on the coast of North America. At the age of twenty-five he became totally blind, and soon afterwards went to Edinburgh University to study.

On 29 Sept. 1812 he was appointed a naval knight of Windsor, but, finding the quietude of the life there intolerable, he obtained leave of absence in order that he might travel abroad. The titles of his books appended below sufficiently indicate the course of his first three journeys. His fourth and last journey was made through Spain, Portugal, Wallachia, Moldavia, Montenegro, Syria, and Turkey. While occupied in preparing the journals of this journey for the press he died at his lodgings near the Minories, London, on 29 July 1857, leaving his manuscripts to a literary friend who had assisted him in the compilation of his former works. These manuscripts still remain unpublished. Holman was a man of remarkable energy and perseverance, of cool intrepidity and restless curiosity. Though in London he was always attended by a servant, he was accustomed to go without one abroad, travelling generally alone and trusting to his own sagacity and the sympathy of others. A portrait of Holman, by George Chinnery, belongs to the Royal Society (of which he was a fellow). There is a folio mezzotint of Holman by J. R. Jackson, after J. P. Knight (, Catalogue of Portraits), and several portraits are prefixed to his books.

He was the author of:
 * 1) ‘The Narrative of a Journey, undertaken in the years 1819, 1820, and 1821, through France, Italy, Savoy, Switzerland, parts of Germany bordering on the Rhine, Holland, and the Netherlands,’ &c., London, 1822, 8vo (with portrait).
 * 2) ‘Travels through Russia, Siberia, Poland, Austria, Saxony, Prussia, Hanover, &c., undertaken during the years 1822, 1823, and 1824, while suffering from total blindness, and comprising an Account of the Author being conducted a State Prisoner from the eastern parts of Siberia,’ London, 1825, 2 vols. 8vo (with portrait); 3rd edition, London, 1832, 2 vols. 8vo; 4th edition, London, 1834, 2 vols. 8vo.
 * 3) ‘A Voyage round the World, including Travels in Africa, Asia, Australasia, America, &c., &c., from  to ,’ London, 1834–5, 4 vols. 8vo (with portrait).
 * 4) ‘Travels in Madeira, Sierra Leone, Teneriffe, St. Jago, Cape Coast … Prince's Island, &c.,’ 2nd edition, London, 1840, 8vo (with portrait). This is a reprint of the first volume of the ‘Voyage round the World,’ with a new title-page.

 HOLMAN, JOSEPH GEORGE (1764–1817), actor and dramatist, born in August 1764, was son of John Major Holman of St. Giles's, Middlesex, an ensign and adjutant in the British service, who died when his son was two years of age. He was placed by an uncle at Barwis's school in Soho Square, where amateur acting was in vogue. With a view to the church he matriculated 7 Feb. 1783 at Queen's College, Oxford, but took no degree (, Alumni Oxon. p. 680). On 25 Oct. 1784, at Covent Garden, as Romeo, he made his first appearance on the stage. An occasional address, the opening lines of which were,

was spoken by [q. v.], who played Friar Lawrence. Macbeth, Don Felix in the ‘Wonder,’ Achmet in ‘Barbarossa,’ Richard III, Chamont in the ‘Orphan,’ Hamlet, Hippolitus in ‘Phædra and Hippolitus,’ Morcar in ‘Matilda,’ and Lothario followed in Holman's first season. His performances were attended by fashionable audiences. Remaining at Covent Garden until 1800, he played Hastings, Posthumus, Benedick, Edgar, Timon of Athens, Comus, Florizel in the ‘Winter's Tale,’ Richmond, Orlando, Jaffier, Lord Townley, Jason in ‘Medea,’ Antony in ‘All for Love,’ Alexander the Great, Oroonoko, and many other leading parts in tragedy and comedy. His original characters include Harry Thunder in O'Keeffe's ‘Wild Oats,’ 16 April 1791, Harry Dornton in Holcroft's ‘Road to Ruin,’ 18 Feb. 1792, and many parts in plays by Reynolds, Mrs. Cowley, and other dramatists. At the end of his third season he quitted Covent Garden on a question of terms, and acted in Dublin and in the principal English and Scottish towns, but soon returned to Covent Garden. In the season of 1799–1800 a serious quarrel took place between the proprietors of Covent Garden and eight of the principal actors. A pamphlet entitled ‘A Statement of the Differences subsisting between the Proprietors


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/190

 and Performers of the Theatre Royal Covent Garden. Given in the Correspondence which has passed between them. By John Johnstone, Joseph George Holman, Alexander Pope, Charles Incledon, Jos. S. Munden, John Fawcett, Thomas Knight, Henry Erskine Johnston,’ was published in 1800 in 8vo, and went through several editions. The authorship of this was attributed to Holman. The grievances of the actors, who objected to restrictions on their power of giving orders for admission, and to change in the charges for benefits and the amount of fines for the refusal of a character, were submitted to the Marquis of Salisbury, then lord chamberlain, and shown by him to the king. Lord Salisbury's verdict was hostile to the actors. Some newspaper correspondence and disturbance in theatrical circles followed. Seven actors accepted the decision and remained at Covent Garden. Holman either resigned or was dismissed. He appeared a few times at the Haymarket, where he produced his ‘What a Blunder,’ a comic opera in three acts, a mediocre piece, in which he enacted Count Alphonso d'Esparza. Holman then went to Dublin, where he had sufficient success to take for a time a share with Jones in the management. This, however, after a time he resigned and took to farming. On 31 July 1806 he played in Dublin for his benefit Antony in ‘All for Love,’ to the Ventidius of Cooke. On 22 Aug. 1812, as Jaffier, he reappeared at the Haymarket after eleven years' absence, and played a few parts. In 1798 he married Jane, youngest daughter of the Hon. and Rev. Frederick Hamilton, a direct descendant of the Duke of Hamilton. She died 11 June 1810. No mention of previous nuptials is traceable. When, however, Holman, tempted by the success of Cooke, went to America in 1812, he took with him a daughter, who played in New York Lady Townly in the ‘Provoked Husband’ to his Lord Townly, and supported him throughout his American career. In a letter of introduction he took out he is described as a fellow of Queen's College, but to this description he had no title. In 1813 Holman and Miss Holman played at the Chestnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia. He undertook the management of the Walnut Street Theatre in that city, and failed. He then (1815) managed a theatre in Charleston, went to England for additional performers, married a singer ‘of great talent and distinguished beauty and merit, whom he brought out,’ and died, according to one account, of apoplexy at Rockaway on Long Island, on 24 Aug. 1817, and, according to another, of yellow fever, which also carried off his wife.

His dramatic works consist of: Holman's plays are on a par with those of Holcroft and other dramatists of the day. He only acted in one of them.
 * 1) ‘Abroad and at Home,’ 8vo, 1796, a comic opera in three acts, originally called ‘The King's Bench,’ but the licenser objected to the title. It is a bright and clever piece, was acted twenty-nine times, twice printed in the same year, and acted frequently in England and America.
 * 2) ‘Red Cross Knights,’ in five acts, 8vo, 1799; Haymarket, 21 Aug. 1799. This is taken from Schiller's ‘Robbers,’ a translation of which by Holman was refused by the licenser.
 * 3) ‘Votary of Wealth,’ 8vo, 1799; Covent Garden, 12 Jan. 1799; a fairly good comedy.
 * 4) ‘What a Blunder,’ 8vo, 1800; Haymarket, 14 Aug. 1800, and Covent Garden, 31 May 1803; a comic opera in three acts.
 * 5) ‘Love gives the Alarm,’ a comedy given once at Covent Garden, 23 Feb. 1804, damned and never printed.

As an actor he is entitled to a high position. His Lord Townly and his daughter's Lady Townly were pronounced in America ‘the perfection of histrionic art.’ Hazlewood (Secret History of the Green Room, ii. 125) says ‘he has a very elegant figure, and a voice which is powerful without effort.’ In his desire to avoid the deliberate monotony of the Kemble school he was sometimes too rapid. His Chamont is said to be ‘the character,’ his Hamlet is declared ‘thoroughly princely,’ and it is said that ‘no actor of the present times can pretend to speak a prologue with him.’ In ‘Candid and Impartial Strictures on the Performers,’ 1795, he is described as ‘gifted with that divine quality called genius’ (p. 45). The anonymous critic continues: ‘His person is well formed, manly, and elegant; a handsome countenance, and brilliant and sparkling eyes;’ and taxes him with an unpardonable roll from side to side, and says he ‘is always endeavouring to do what the situation does not require should be attempted, and what nature is shocked at when done.’ Lamb describes him as ‘the jolliest person’ of any Hamlet he has seen. Macready writes of him as ‘handsome, but inclined to obesity … vain of his person, but very pleasing in his manners,’ and continues: ‘He was said to have been in his youth very animated, so much so as to be reported on one occasion … to have lost so much of his self-command as to miss his footing and precipitate himself over the footlights into the orchestra. But now the fire was out, and in his acting he was as cold and artificial in his practised tones and movements as an automaton’ (Reminiscences, i. 58). Portraits of Holman as Chamont, as Alexander, and as Douglas, by De Wilde, by


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/192

  of the quaker meetings in Ireland. In a letter to David Bull of Tottenham, dated December 1725, he states that he was arrested at Letterkenny for refusing to make a declaration of fidelity, but was released after some time at the instance of the Bishop of Raphoe. During 1724 he interested many of the Irish bishops in a bill to establish a suitable form of affirmation, which became law in 1725. After his return home he was chiefly occupied in ministerial journeys in England and Scotland. He visited Ireland in 1734, and once paid a visit to Jersey, where a small meeting was much oppressed by the magistrates, and obtained redress of their grievances. He died at Swansea in April 1749, from an illness brought on by attending a meeting when in bad health.

Holme was widely esteemed, plain, simple, and charitable. His writings are extremely practical and broad in tone, while their style is pleasant and lucid. The chief are:
 * 1) ‘A Tender Invitation and Call to all People, to Embrace the offers of God's Love,’ &c., 1713 (reprinted three times and translated into French).
 * 2) ‘A Serious Call in Christian Love to all People. … With some Observations on the following heads: (1) The Universality of God's Love …; (2) The Holy Scriptures; (3) Worship; (4) Baptism; (5) The Supper; (6) Perfection; (7) The Resurrection; (8) Swearing; The Conclusion,’ 1725 (originally written in English and translated into Dutch and published at Amsterdam, n.d.; but printed in 1724, reprinted twenty-four times in English, and translated into Latin, French, and Welsh).
 * 3) ‘A Collection of the Epistles and Works of Benjamin Holme. To which is prefixed an Account of his Life and Travels in the Work of the Ministry, through several parts of Europe and America. Written by Himself,’ 1753; reprinted 1754. While in America he also wrote a tract against ‘Mixt Marriages,’ which were then common among American quakers.

 HOLME, EDWARD (1770–1847), physician, son of Thomas Holme, farmer and mercer, was born at Kendal, Westmoreland, on 17 Feb. 1770. After attending a school at Sedbergh, he spent two years at the Manchester academy, and afterwards studied at the universities of Göttingen and Edinburgh. He graduated M.D. at Leyden in December 1793, his thesis, ‘De Structura et Usu Vasorum Absorbentium,’ occupying sixty-one pages. Early in 1794 he began practice at Manchester, and was shortly afterwards elected one of the physicians to the infirmary there. He joined the Literary and Philosophical Society on settling in Manchester, and was one of its vice-presidents from 1797 to 1844, when he succeeded Dr. John Dalton as president. He was one of the founders of the Portico Library, and its president for twenty-eight years. He was also a founder and first president of both the Manchester Natural History Society and the Chetham Society. He was the first president of the medical section of the British Association at its inaugural meeting at York (1831), and presided over the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association in 1836. He became a member of the Linnean Society in 1799. He was for many years, especially after the death of [q. v.], a leader in his profession in Manchester, and the recognised head in all the local literary and scientific societies.

Of the fourteen essays contributed to the Literary and Philosophical Society, he only published a short ‘Note on a Roman inscription found at Manchester’ (Manchester Memoirs, vol. v.). Another essay, ‘On the History of Sculpture to the Time of Phidias,’ was printed after his death.

He died unmarried, on 28 Nov. 1847, at Manchester, leaving property worth over 50,000l., the greater part of which he bequeathed, together with his large library, to the medical department of University College, London. His portrait was engraved by J. R. Jackson, from a painting by W. Scott, belonging to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society.

 HOLME, RANDLE (1571–1655), genealogist, born, probably in Bridge Street, Chester, in 1571, was youngest son of Thomas Holme, a member of the Stationers' Company of Chester, by Elizabeth, his first wife. Holme was entered in the books of the Stationers' Company of Chester as a ‘painter’—possibly an heraldic painter—on 3 June 1598. He was sheriff of Chester in 1615, and mayor 1633–4. He also held the office of deputy to the College of Arms for Cheshire, Shropshire, and North Wales. At the coronation of Charles I he was fined 10l. for not being in attendance. On 19 July 1634 he failed to attend an official visit to Chester paid by the Earl of Arundel; the earl mulcted his ‘deputy’ in a heavy fine payable to the Heralds' College.


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 1.djvu/94

54 2.

Would you teach her to love?

For a time seem to rove;

At first she may frown in a pet;

But leave her awhile,

She shortly will smile,

And then you may kiss your coquette.

3.

For such are the airs

Of these fanciful fairs,

They think all our homage a debt:

Yet a partial neglect

Soon takes an effect,

And humbles the proudest coquette.

4.

Dissemble your pain,

And lengthen your chain,

And seem her hauteur to regret;

If again you shall sigh,

She no more will deny,

That yours is the rosy coquette.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/193

 When Chester was besieged by the parliamentary army, Holme was living at his ancestors' house in Bridge Street, which had come to him on the death of his elder brothers. For twenty years he had not been twenty miles from home, as a rupture made travelling painful; besides, departure from the city would have necessitated ‘great loss of his estate.’ Throughout the siege he was ‘well affected’ to the parliament. Sir William Brereton looked upon him as ‘a friend of trust’ and set him at work, so soon as the parliamentary forces had entered the city, to superintend the repair of breaches in the walls. He took the national covenant and negative oath on 5 April 1645, and was afterwards placed by the parliament in the commission of the peace. A nephew, Thomas Alcock, officiously took upon himself, on pretence of ‘tender care’ for his uncle, and of a fear that he had committed some act which might render him liable to sequestration, to arrange that Holme should pay a composition fine of 160l. for his property. The fine was not paid. Holme died, after suffering heavy pecuniary loss, in January 1655, aged 84, and was buried at St. Mary-on-the-Hill, Chester. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Alcock, and widow of Thomas Chaloner of Chester, Ulster king-of-arms. Chaloner was a collector of manuscripts, and it is possible that some items from his collection may have formed the nucleus of the Holme collection of heraldic and genealogical manuscripts. Some of Holme's letters to the officials of the College of Arms, on heraldic business, are printed in the ‘Chetham Miscellanies,’ vol. v.

(1601?–1659), genealogist, second son of the foregoing, married about October 1625 a wife named Katherine. He seems to have been professionally connected with his father's work as herald from 1632 (Chetham Misc. vol. v.). In 1633–4 (during his father's mayoralty) he was sheriff of Chester, and ten years later was himself mayor. On 1 Jan. 1644 his name occurs in the king's commission dated from Oxford, directing the seizure of the rebels' goods in Chester. After the surrender of the city to the parliamentarians, an order, dated at Westminster 1 Oct. 1646, directed his removal from the office of alderman. In 1655 (soon after his father's death) he petitioned Cromwell to remit the unpaid fine of 160l. levied on his father through the intermeddling of his cousin Thomas Alcock (see above). In a letter to Sir George Booth, for whom he was for two years collecting genealogical notes, he says he is unable to ‘digest’ those notes, ‘having no learning.’ He added to the Holme collection of manuscripts; died, probably in bad circumstances, in September 1659, and was buried at St. Mary's, Chester.

(1627–1699), genealogist, son of the foregoing, was in 1663–4 an ‘inkeeper’ at Barnet, and was suspected of disloyalty to the king; at the same period he is called ‘Capt Holmes of Barnet’ (State Papers, Dom. Charles II, vols. lxvii. and xc. passim). In November 1664 he was appointed by Charles ‘sewer of the chamber in extraordinary, in consideration of his losses.’ Like his father and grandfather, he was an heraldic painter, professional genealogist, and acted as deputy Garter for Cheshire, Shropshire, Lancashire, and North Wales. His conduct in office appears, in Sir William Dugdale's opinion, to have been irregular, and in 1668 Dugdale—who in his diary contemptuously refers to him as ‘Holmes the paynter’—caused him to be indicted for illegally marshalling the funeral of Sir Ralph Assheton. He was tried at the Stafford assizes and fined 20l. He was the principal contributor to the Holme collection of manuscripts. He was the author of a work—now exceedingly rare—entitled: ‘The Academy of Armory, or a storehouse of Armory and Blazon containing the several variety of created beings and how borne in Coats of Arms, both Foreign and Domestic, with the Instruments used in all Trades and Sciences, together with their terms of Art,’ printed for the author at Chester in 1688, in three books, ending with an address to the reader promising a fourth book. Lowndes mentions a unique copy of a portion of a fourth book. An edition of the three books dated 1701 was dedicated to William and Mary. The concluding address is said to have suggested to Dr. Johnson the form of the preface to his ‘Dictionary.’ An index to the work was printed in London in 1821. Holme died in March 1699, aged 72. According to Herdman's ‘Ancient Liverpool’ (p. 58), a Randle Holme was tapster at the ‘Golden Talbot’ in Liverpool in 1694.

(d. 1707), genealogist, son of the foregoing, continued the family collections of manuscripts to 1704. He married Margaret, daughter of Griffith Lloyd of Llanarmon, co. Denbigh. He died and was buried at Chester in 1707.

The Holme collection of manuscripts, chiefly consisting of heraldic and genealogical memoranda connected with Cheshire and North Wales, in 260 volumes, were, after the fourth Randle Holmes's death, purchased by [q. v.], bishop of Chester, acting in behalf of Robert Harley, first earl of Oxford. In 1753 they were sold to the British Museum trustees, and are now numbered Harleian MSS. 1920–2180. An


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 1.djvu/95

Rh 5.

If still, from false pride,

Your pangs she deride,

This whimsical virgin forget;

Some other admire,

Who will melt with your fire,

And laugh at the little coquette.

6.

For me, I adore

Some twenty or more,

And love them most dearly; but yet,

Though my heart they enthral,

I'd abandon them all,

Did they act like your blooming coquette.

7.

No longer repine,

Adopt this design,

And break through her slight-woven net!

Away with despair,

No longer forbear

To fly from the captious coquette.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/194

 extract from Harleian MS. 1989 (f. 381) on ‘The Antiquitys … of Chester,’ was printed in the ‘Traison et Mort de Roy Richart’ (Engl. Hist. Soc.), 1846.

HOLMES, ABRAHAM (d. 1685), rebel, served in Scotland under Monck, holding a major's commission in 1654, but, falling under suspicion of disaffection, was sent to London to be under the Protector's eye (16 Dec.) He was a fanatical anabaptist, and apparently opposed to all settled government. He was again in Scotland with Monck in 1659, and signed (17 May) a petition to parliament praying that energetic steps might be taken to countenance godliness, and vindicate the rights and liberties of the nation. Soon after this his commission was cancelled by Monck. Upon the Restoration he became the ringleader in a conspiracy to assassinate the king, was arrested, and was committed to prison (10 May 1660), but soon regained his liberty, and resumed his old devices. On 13 Sept. 1662 a warrant was issued to apprehend him and bring him before Secretary Nicholas. In April 1664 he was committed to Windsor Castle, where he was still in confinement in September 1667. He was at large in 1681, and on Argyll's escape from prison in December of that year Holmes harboured him at his lodgings in London, disclosing himself as the officer who had arrested him when Lord Lorne, but adding ‘but now we are upon one side, and I will venture all that is dear to me to serve you’ (see, ninth ; , Hist. of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland, ed. Burns, iii. 338). On Argyll's going to Holland, Holmes acted as his agent in London, and fell under suspicion of complicity in the Rye House Plot. On 28 June 1683 he was arrested and committed to the Gatehouse. Next day he was examined as to the contents of certain cipher letters found in his possession, and confessed that they related to a plot to raise an insurrection in Scotland, to which Argyll, Monmouth, Russell, and Grey were parties. He was charged with high treason, but was not brought to trial. It is not clear whether he was released or made his escape, but he was in Holland with Monmouth in 1685, accompanied him to England, and, though apparently holding only a colonel's commission, commanded a battalion of foot at Sedgemoor (6 July). After the battle he was taken prisoner, stripped naked, and carried to the house of a justice of the peace, who clothed and committed him for trial. One of his arms had been shattered in the skirmish at Philip's Norton on 27 June, and he cut it off himself in the justice's kitchen with a carving knife. He was tried by Jeffreys for high treason at Dorchester, pleaded guilty, and was executed at Lyme on 12 Sept. The bystanders observed with superstitious awe that the horses that were first put to the sledge to carry him to the gallows could not be made to stir, and those with which they were replaced broke it in pieces. At the foot of the ladder he sat down, and asserted in a speech to the people that he and others had risked their lives for the maintenance of the protestant religion (Western Martyrology, ed. 1873, reprinted from the edition of 1705, pp. 207 et seq.)

HOLMES, ALFRED (1837–1876), violinist and composer, son of Thomas Holmes of Lincoln, was born in London 9 Nov. 1837. He was principal soprano boy at the Oratory, King William Street, Strand, about 1847. His father gave him his first lessons in violin-playing; the study of Spohr's ‘Violin School’ and the practice of Rode, Baillot, and Kreutzer's music followed, with the result that Holmes became a finished player before he was twenty. In July 1847 he and his younger brother, Henry, his equal in talent and knowledge, played at the Haymarket Theatre for Benjamin Webster's benefit. About 1852 Spohr heard them in England, and was delighted by their renderings of his works; but their formal introduction to the public as violinists was delayed until 5 May 1853, when they appeared at the Beethoven Rooms, and their performance of Kalliwoda's double concerto, and of soli by various composers won high praise. In 1855 the brothers


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/195

 made the first of a series of concert tours on the continent, beginning with Brussels. In 1856 they visited Germany and created much sensation. Spohr heard them at Cassel, and his favourable impressions of their playing were so thoroughly confirmed that he dedicated to them his three grand duos for two violins, Op. 148, 150, and 153 (, Selbstbiographie, ii. 374). Vienna was visited in 1857, Sweden 1857–9, Denmark 1860, Amsterdam 1861. In 1864, after some successful concerts in Paris, the brothers parted. Alfred Holmes settled in Paris, and established a quartet party, but, encouraged by Berlioz, devoted himself chiefly to composition. In 1867, however, he played during a tour through Belgium, Holland, Germany, and Russia, and produced in April 1868 at St. Petersburg his symphony ‘Jeanne d'Arc.’ This work was performed in 1870 at the Théâtre Italien, Paris, where it was received with enthusiasm, and on 27 Feb. 1875 at the Crystal Palace, Sydenham. Holmes's ‘Jeunesse de Shakespeare,’ fragments of a symphony, was given at a Concert Populaire (Paris); and his opera ‘Iñez de Castro’ was accepted, although never performed, at the Grand Opera, Paris. Holmes died at Paris 4 March 1876, aged 38; a sympathetic notice of him by M. D. Nisard, member of the French Academy, appeared in the ‘Patrie’ of the 7th of the same month. Not long afterwards, two overtures, ‘The Cid’ and ‘The Muses,’ the last work from his pen, were produced in England.

His works are: Symphonies—‘Jeanne d'Arc,’ for soli, chorus, orchestra, with French words; ‘The Youth of Shakespeare,’ ‘The Siege of Paris,’ 1870; ‘Robin Hood,’ produced in Paris; ‘Charles XII’ and ‘Romeo and Juliet,’ never produced. An opera, of which Sir Michael Costa thought well, ‘Iñez de Castro,’ 1869, in five acts, libretto by Louis Uhlbach. Overtures: ‘The Cid’ and ‘The Muses,’ performed in London, 1876. Pieces for violin and pianoforte, including two nocturnes, Op. 10, c. Op. 14; and ‘La Lamentation,’ Leipzig, Op. 8; pieces also for the pianoforte alone.

HOLMES, CHARLES (1711–1761), rear-admiral, fourth son of Henry Holmes, governor of the Isle of Wight, by his wife Mary, the illegitimate daughter of Sir Robert Holmes [q. v.], was baptised at Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, on 19 Sept. 1711. He was made lieutenant on 18 June 1734. In 1738 he was serving in the Sunderland; in 1740 in the Pembroke, one of the Mediterranean fleet, under Haddock. He then went out to the West Indies as a lieutenant of the Tilbury; was there moved into the Princess Caroline, Vernon's flagship, and on 24 Feb. 1740–1 was promoted to the command of the Stromboli fireship, serving with the fleet in the expedition to Cartagena, March–April 1741. On 9 June 1741 he was moved into the Success, and returning in her to England was, on 20 Feb. 1741–2, posted to the Sapphire, and employed during the next two years in cruising against the enemy's privateers. In December 1743 he was moved into the Cornwall, and in the following June into the Enterprise, which he commanded for the next three years in the West Indies. In May 1747 he was transferred to the Lennox, a 70-gun ship, which, in September 1748, sailed from Jamaica in charge of the homeward trade, being herself so crazy that some twenty of her guns were taken out as a measure of precaution. In the Gulf of Florida, on 29 Sept., they fell in with the Spanish squadron under Reggio, on which Holmes directed the convoy to make the best of their way while he went himself in the Lennox to give the news to Rear-admiral Knowles, whom he believed to be off Havana, and to reinforce him, in case of an action. On the following evening he fell in with Knowles, and at daylight on 1 Oct. the Spanish squadron came in sight. In the action that ensued [see ] the Lennox, by reason of her reduced armament, was stationed to windward of the line as a frigate. Knowles afterwards complained that several captains had been backward, and that Holmes especially had been guilty of disobedience and neglect of signals. Hence sprang a series of courts-martial, from which Holmes alone came out clear, the court not only acquitting him of the charges laid against him, but also passing a warm eulogium on his conduct and zeal in joining Knowles before the action.

In January 1753 Holmes was appointed to the Anson, guardship at Portsmouth, and in 1755 to the Grafton, one of the squadron sent out with Rear-admiral Holburne as a reinforcement to Boscawen in North America. In the following year he was again on the coast of North America, and on 26 July, cruising off Louisbourg, with a broad pennant in the Grafton, and having under his orders the Nottingham, a 60-gun ship, and two small sloops, he met a French squadron of three 74-gun ships and three 32-gun frigates. The French ships, having been carrying troops to Quebec, had not all their guns on board, and did not venture to press an engagement, while Holmes desired to keep


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 1.djvu/96

56 8.

Then quit her, my friend!

Your bosom defend,

Ere quite with her snares you're beset:

Lest your deep-wounded heart,

When incens'd by the smart,

Should lead you to curse the coquette. October 27, 1806.

GRANTA. A MEDLEY.

[Reply of the Pythian Oracle to Philip of Macedon.]

1.

! could demon's gift

Be realis'd at my desire,

This night my trembling form he'd lift

To place it on St. Mary's spire.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/196

 them in sight till he was reinforced. After a partial and distant interchange of shot the squadrons separated (, v. 197;, Batailles Navales de la France, i. 337; , Histoire de France, xviii. 96). Returning to England for the winter, Holmes sat as a member of the court-martial on Admiral Byng, but in the summer of 1757 he was again in the Grafton on the North American station, and was with Holburne off Louisbourg when the fleet was shattered by the storm of 24 Sept. [see ]. In addition to the loss of her masts the Grafton lost her rudder, and being obliged to bear away for England she fitted a jury rudder made of a spare topmast (, ii. 56;, Naval History, v. 85, where there is a sketch of the arrangement). Early in the following year Holmes in the Sea-horse, a small frigate, and having with him the Stromboli, was sent over to the coast of Friesland, where the French and Austrians had taken possession of Emden with a force of some three thousand men. On 18 March these two little vessels took up a position in the Ems that cut the enemy's communications. They at once decided that the place was no longer tenable, and evacuated it the next day, some of their heavy baggage, which they attempted to send up the river, falling into Holmes's hands (, ii. 160, iii. 190). On his return to England he was appointed to the Warspite for a few months, and on 6 July was promoted to be rear-admiral of the blue. The following year, with his flag in the Dublin, he was third in command of the fleet in the St. Lawrence, under Sir Charles Saunders [q. v.], and in the operations which resulted in the capture of Quebec. In March 1760 he was appointed commander-in-chief at Jamaica. He arrived there in May, and during the next eighteen months waged a very successful war against the French commerce, several rich prizes falling to his cruisers. He died at Jamaica on 21 Nov. 1761. There is a monument to his memory in Westminster Abbey.

HOLMES, EDWARD (1797–1859), writer on music, born in 1797, was a schoolfellow and great friend of Keats at Charles Clarke's school at Enfield. With his schoolmaster's son, Charles Cowden Clarke [q. v.], he was intimate through life. When young, Holmes was very handsome. He was apprenticed to Robert B. Seeley, the bookseller, but subsequently chose the profession of music, and studied under Vincent Novello, who generously made him an inmate of his house for several years. He thus came to know Charles Lamb and most of the men of letters of the day. Always a great admirer of Mozart, he and Novello raised a subscription for Mozart's widow, and went to Germany to present it to her in 1828. Holmes wrote an account of the trip. He taught the pianoforte in schools, and wrote the musical criticisms for the ‘Atlas’ from its commencement in 1829, and later for the ‘Spectator;’ he also contributed occasional articles to ‘Fraser's Magazine,’ and many papers to the ‘Musical Times.’ Holmes died 4 Sept. 1859. Late in life he married the sister of his friend Egerton Webb, but left no issue.

His works are: 1. ‘A Ramble among the Musicians of Germany, giving some account of the Operas of Munich, Dresden, Berlin …,’ written for the proprietors of the ‘Atlas,’ London, 1828, 8vo (it reached a third edition). 2. ‘The Life of Mozart,’ London, 1845, 8vo, based on Nissen's biography. 3. ‘Analytical and Thematic Catalogue of Mozart's Pianoforte Works,’ 1852. 4. ‘Critical Essay on the Requiem of Mozart,’ prefixed to the music in Novello's edition, 1854, 8vo. 5. ‘Life of Purcell,’ for Novello's edition of that composer's sacred music. Among his papers in the ‘Musical Times’ are a series on the English glee and madrigal composers (vol. iv.), analyses of the masses of Beethoven, Haydn, and Mozart; addenda to the ‘Life of Mozart’ (viii.); and the first of a series on the ‘Cultivation of Domestic Music,’ which he did not live to complete. Of his songs, ‘My Jenny’ was the most popular. Holmes's arrangement of Mozart's ‘Te Deum’ was published in 1844.

HOLMES, GEORGE (fl. 1673–1715), organist and composer, perhaps a son of Thomas Holmes and grandson of John Holmes (fl. 1602) [q. v.], was in 1698 organist to the Bishop of Durham, Nathaniel, lord Crewe, formerly dean of the Chapel Royal. From 1704 till about 1715 Holmes was organist to Lincoln Cathedral. He contributed several catches to the ‘Musical Companion’ in 1673. A toccata for single or double organ, believed to be by Holmes, in a book of organ music once in his possession (Addit. MS. 31446), a suite for harpsichord (ib. 31465), and an air or brawle for two trebles and a bass (ib. 31429, No. 34) are preserved


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/197

 in the British Museum Library, as well as two anthems in Tudway's ‘Collection’ (Harl. MS. 7341, pp. 233, 453)—‘Arise, shine, O Daughter of Zion,’ 1706, written on the occasion of the union of England and Scotland, and ‘I will love Thee’—and the Funeral Service (Addit. MS. 17820). Other of his anthems are said to be in the choir-books of Lincoln. The music of Holmes's ‘Ode for St. Cecilia's Day’ no longer exists; but among his published music is ‘A Verse on St. Cecilia's Day,’ 1715, in which Bacchus is said to grace the occasion. The songs ‘Tell me, little wanton boy,’ ‘Celia's invitation,’ ‘The Resolution,’ and ‘The Man loves best,’ are also ascribed to Holmes.

HOLMES, GEORGE (1662–1749), archivist, born at Skipton in Craven, Yorkshire, in 1662, became about 1695 clerk to Sir William Petyt, keeper of the records in the Tower of London, and for nearly sixty years acted as deputy to Petyt, and his successors Topham and Polhill. He was also barrack-master at the Tower, a fellow of the Royal Society, an early fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and a member of the Gentlemen's Society at Spalding. Browne Willis, Dr. Tovey, Dr. William Richardson, and other antiquaries gratefully acknowledged his assistance. From October 1707 until his death he was employed, on the nomination of Lord Halifax, chairman of committees in the House of Commons, to arrange the records deposited in the Tower at a salary of 200l. He died 16 Feb. 1748–9. He married the daughter of a sword-cutler in Fleet Street named Marshall. An only son, George, received his education at Eton, and was clerk under his father, but died at the age of twenty-five, many years before him. Mrs. Holmes, who survived her husband, received 200l. from the government and 200l. for her husband's manuscripts relating to the public records, which were deposited among the official documents at the Tower.

Holmes prepared the first seventeen volumes of the second edition of Rymer's ‘Fœdera,’ 20 vols., Lond., 1727–35, fol. He collated the documents with the originals in the Tower, and supplied many paragraphs and lines omitted in the former edition. Before this republication a set of the seventeen volumes was sold for a hundred guineas. The last three volumes are the same for both editions. The seventeenth volume of the second edition contains a general index to all the preceding volumes.

When Peter Le Neve, president of the Society of Antiquaries, proposed, in January 1721–2, to collect accounts of all the ancient coins relative to Great Britain, Holmes undertook to describe the Saxon coins in the possession of Councillor Hill; but the project was ultimately abandoned.

Holmes's curious collection of books, prints, and coins was sold by auction in 1749. His portrait was engraved by G. Vertue for the Society of Antiquaries, from a painting by R. van Bleeck.

HOLMES, JAMES (1777–1860), painter, born in 1777, was first apprenticed to an engraver. He made some progress in engraving, and in 1800 engraved in stipple a portrait of Thomas Clio Rickman after Hazlitt. On the termination of his apprenticeship he gave up engraving and turned his attention to water-colour painting. In 1813 he became a member of the Society of Painters in Water-colours, and sent two pictures, ‘Hot Porridge’ and ‘The Married Man,’ to their exhibition. He continued to contribute small-subject pictures and an occasional portrait to that exhibition until 1820. In 1819 he exhibited two miniatures at the Royal Academy, and about the same time was led to try painting in oils. In 1822 he ceased to be a member of the Society of Painters in Water-colours, and actively assisted to establish the Society of British Artists, who held their first exhibition in Suffolk Street in 1824. Holmes became a member in 1829, and a constant exhibitor, chiefly in miniatures, up to 1850, when he resigned his membership. He devoted himself latterly to miniature-painting, and had many distinguished sitters. He painted some miniature portraits of Lord Byron, two of which were engraved. Holmes's paintings were esteemed for careful finish and good colour. His genial character and musical talents gained him the personal friendship of George IV. Holmes retired to spend his later years in Shropshire, and died on 24 Feb. 1860. Some of his pictures were engraved for publications, such as ‘The Amulet,’ ‘The Literary Souvenir,’ &c.

HOLMES, JOHN (fl. 1602), composer, and organist first at Winchester Cathedral and afterwards at Salisbury Cathedral (1602–1610), was the master of Adrian Batten [q. v.]


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 1.djvu/97

Rh 2.

Then would, unroof'd, old Granta's halls,

Pedantic inmates full display;

Fellows who dream on lawn or stalls,

The price of venal votes to pay.

3.

Then would I view each rival wight,

and survey;

Who canvass there, with all their might,

Against the next elective day.

4. Lo! candidates and voters lie

All lull'd in sleep, a goodly number!

A race renown'd for piety,

Whose conscience won't disturb their slumber.

5.

Lord H——, indeed, may not demur;

Fellows are sage, reflecting men:

They know preferment can occur,

But very seldom,—now and then.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/198

 and Edward Lowe. He wrote for Morley's ‘Triumphs of Oriana,’ 1601, the five-part madrigal, ‘Thus Bonnyboots the birthday celebrated.’ His manuscript anthem, ‘I will give laud,’ is in the library of the Royal College of Music; a short part-song for five voices, ‘Lift up your eies,’ is No. 37 of a collection of fantasies, &c. (Addit. MSS. 17786–91. His anthem, ‘I will sing,’ is in Flackton's ‘Collection’ (Addit. MS. 30932, No. 105).

, probably a son, was lay-vicar of Winchester in 1631, was a gentleman of the Chapel Royal in 1633, and died at Salisbury on 25 March 1638. Some of his catches appeared in Hilton's ‘Catch that Catch Can,’ 1652 and 1658. George Holmes (fl. 1673–1715) [q. v.] may have been his son or nephew.

HOLMES, JOHN (1640?–1683), admiral, brother of Sir Robert Holmes [q. v.], was in 1664 lieutenant of the Jersey, commanded by his brother Robert in her eventful voyage to the Guinea coast and New York. From the Jersey he was moved into the Centurion, was lieutenant of the Paul in the action off Lowestoft on 3 June 1665, and commanded her in the four days' fight, 1–4 June 1666. In the St. James's day fight, 25 July 1666, he commanded the Bristol, one of his brother's seconds, but remained in the line with the red squadron when Sir Robert was obliged to quit his station. He was afterwards detached in the squadron which, under his brother's command, destroyed the Dutch shipping at Vlie and Schelling, and in recognition of his service on that occasion was advanced to the command of the Triumph, a second rate. In 1668 he successively commanded the Falcon and the Kent, and in 1669 he went out with Sir Thomas Allin to the Mediterranean in command of the Nonsuch. He was afterwards captain of the Bristol and of the Diamond under Sir Edward Spragge [q. v.] during the Algerine war of 1670–1. In 1672 he commanded the Gloucester, one of the ships which reinforced Sir Robert Holmes in the attack on the Dutch Smyrna fleet, and took a distinguished part in the renewed action on 13 March, in which he was severely wounded by a small shot in the breast (Sladdon to Ellis, 15 March, State Papers, Dom. Charles II, cccxx.; Relation of the Engagement with the Dutch Smyrna fleet, ib.) For his gallantry on this occasion John received the honour of knighthood, and was appointed to the Rupert, which he commanded in the battle of Solebay, 28 May 1672, and in the three several actions of 1673. After the last of these, on 11 Aug., he was appointed to the Royal Charles as first captain to Prince Rupert, in which capacity he served till the peace. From 1677 to 1679 he was admiral and commander-in-chief in the Downs, with his flag on board the Montague, and afterwards the Captain, in which last he is said, though on perhaps doubtful authority, to have been authorised to hoist the union flag at the main. It was his last service at sea. In February 1676–7 he was returned to parliament for Newtown, Isle of Wight, which he represented in successive parliaments till his death in 1683. During the short parliament of February–July 1679 his colleague in the representation of Newtown was John Churchill, afterwards duke of Marlborough. In June a scandalous adventure of Churchill's was related to the king by Holmes in a manner which Churchill thought to his prejudice. He accordingly challenged Holmes, ‘who, fighting, disarmed him, Churchill’ (Hist. MSS. Comm. 7th Rep. App. 473 a). He was buried at Yarmouth in the Isle of Wight on 23 June 1683 (Yarmouth Register, communicated by the Rev. G. Quirk); but letters of administration to his will were granted in London on the 13th, ten days earlier.

On 4 April 1668 he married Margaret, daughter of Sir William Lowther of Marske, first baronet of that branch of the family. He is described as at this time a bachelor aged about twenty-eight, the bride as about twenty (, London Marriage Licenses). The marriage, Pepys says, was ‘by stealth, which I was sorry for, he being an idle rascal and proud, and worth little, I doubt; and she a mighty pretty well-disposed lady, and good fortune’ (Diary, 8 April 1668). The marriage seems to have been displeasing to Sir Robert Holmes, but the brothers cannot have quarrelled permanently, for Robert was named the guardian of John's six children, all minors at his death, and in his own will in 1692 remembers two sons, Robert and John, and a daughter Elizabeth, as well as their mother, Dame Margaret. The other children would seem to have died in infancy. The John Holmes, a naval captain in 1667 and 1672, who is described by Charnock (Biog. Nav. i. 293) as a son of Sir John, does not appear to have been any relation.

HOLMES, JOHN (1800–1854), antiquary, son of Nathaniel Holmes, who died at Derby on 18 Dec. 1840, aged 78, was


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/199

 born at Deptford in Kent on 17 July 1800, and brought up as a bookseller in the house of John Lepard, 108 Strand, London. He was afterwards for a short time in business at Derby on his own account. His catalogue of a collection of oriental books, and another of the Battle Abbey charters, compiled for John Cochrane, bookseller, 108 Strand, in 1830, recommended him to the notice of Lords Bexley and Glenelg, and through their interest he was, on 15 Jan. 1830, appointed a temporary assistant in the department of manuscripts, British Museum, where he was promoted to be a senior assistant in April 1837, and was assistant-keeper from 6 May 1850 until his death. In 1840 he contributed a biographical list of the French ambassadors to England to the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ xiv. 483–7, 608–10; in May 1843 he sent an article on ‘Libraries and Catalogues’ to the ‘Quarterly Review,’ lxxii. 1–25, and to ‘A Relation of England, translated from the Italian,’ edited for the Camden Society by Miss Charlotte A. Sneyd in 1847, he supplied an account of the Venetian ambassadors to England. He was the adviser of Bertram, fourth earl of Ashburnham, in the formation of his famous collection of manuscripts, which was sold in 1883–4. While at the Museum he compiled with great care catalogues of the Arundel, Burney, and other collections of manuscripts, and was at the time of his death engaged on a ‘Catalogue of the Manuscript Maps and Plans found dispersed in different collections and for the most part undescribed.’ He died at 4 Park Terrace, Highgate, on 1 April 1854. His library was sold by Puttick & Simpson on 15 June 1854. He married, 8 Sept. 1832, Mary Anne, eldest daughter of Charles Rivington, bookseller, of St. Paul's Churchyard, by whom he left four children. She died at Highgate on 8 Feb. 1870. The second son, Sir Richard Rivington Holmes, K.C.V.O., was royal librarian at Windsor Castle from October 1869, and keeper of the prints and drawings from 26 Feb. 1870; he retired in 1906.

Besides the works mentioned above, Holmes was author or editor of: 1. ‘A Catalogue of Manuscripts in different Languages, now selling by John Cochrane,’ 1829. 2. ‘Catalogue of the Manuscripts, Maps, Charts in the British Museum,’ 1844. 3. ‘The Life of Mrs. Godolphin. By J. Evelyn. With notes,’ 1847; another edition, 1848. 4. ‘The Life of Cardinal Wolsey. By G. Cavendish,’ 1852. 5. ‘Ecclesiastical Biography. By C. Wordsworth, with notes,’ 1853. 6. ‘Some Correspondence on the grant of 1,800l. to the National School of Highgate,’ 1853. 7. ‘A Letter explanatory of Correspondence on the grant of 1,800l. to the National School of Highgate,’ 1853.

HOLMES, JOHN BECK (1767–1843), Moravian bishop, was born at Copenhagen on 3 Nov. 1767. In 1780 he was sent to the academy at Uisky, and thence to the Moravian Theological Seminary at Barby. In 1791 he was appointed a teacher in Fulneck school, near Bradford, where he remained until 1799, in which year he entered on his duties as a pastor of the Moravian church at Wyke, Yorkshire. By 1818 he was pastor of the congregation in Dublin, whence he returned to Fulneck as bishop of the church there. He died on 3 Sept. 1843, and was buried at Fulneck (, Biographia Leodiensis, p. 401). Under the name of John Holmes he published: 1. ‘Historical Sketches of the Missions of the United Brethren for Propagating the Gospel among the Heathen, from their commencement to the present time,’ 8vo, Dublin, 1818. 2. ‘History of the Protestant Church of the United Brethren,’ 2 vols. 8vo, London, Bradford (printed), 1825–30, of which a trivial abridgment was issued in 1854.

HOLMES or HOMES, NATHANIEL, D.D. (1599–1678), puritan divine, son of the Rev. George Holmes of Kingswood in Gloucestershire, was born in 1599 in Wiltshire. He matriculated on 11 April 1617 as a fellow-commoner of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, whence he migrated to Exeter College. He was admitted B.A. on 19 Oct. 1620. He appears to have then returned to Magdalen Hall, taking his degree of M.A. in 1623 as a member of that house (Oxf. Univ. Reg., Oxf. Hist. Soc., ii. 360, iii. 388). He had previously taken orders and became a frequent preacher in the neighbourhood of Oxford. He took the degrees in divinity, B.D. in 1633, and D.D. in 1637, as a member of Exeter College. His views inclining strongly to Calvinism, he was among the earliest of the ministers who subscribed to the covenant, and was presented in 1643 to the rectory of St. Mary Staining. Holmes soon changed his views, and, becoming a millenarian, joined Henry Burton, B.D. [q. v.], minister of St. Matthew's, Friday Street, in establishing an independent congregation towards the end of 1643. Wood states (Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 1168) that he had several congregations in the country, which he visited ‘like a bishop of a diocese’ from time to time: one of them was at Dover.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/200

 Pepys seems to have gone to hear Holmes preach at Whitehall 12 Feb. 1659–60 (Diary i. 27). On the enforcement of the Act of Conformity in 1662, Holmes gave up his cure, and went to reside in the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate, where he either kept or frequented conventicles. He died in June 1678, and was buried in St. Mary, Aldermanbury. Although a millenarian, he only inculcated a spiritual and purified liberty to be enjoyed by the saints, and no sensual license. He is said to have been well skilled in Hebrew.

He published, besides sermons: 1. ‘Usury it Injury,’ London, 1640, 4to. 2. ‘Vindication of Baptizing Believers' Infants, in some Animadversions upon Mr. Tombes, his Exercitations about Infant Baptisme,’ &c., London, 1646, 4to. 3. ‘Dæmonologie and Theologie, the first the Malady, &c., the second the Remedy,’ &c., London, 1650, 8vo. 4. ‘The Mischiefe of Mixt Communions fully discussed,’ &c., London, 1650, 4to. 5. ‘Song of Solomon. A Commentary … on the whole Book of Canticles,’ 1650, 8vo. 6. ‘Ecclesiastica Methermeneutica, or Church Cases cleared,’ 1652, 8vo. 7. ‘The Resurrection revealed, &c.: I. That Chiliasme, or the opinion of the future glorious state of the Church on earth … is no errour. II. Of the manner and measure of burning the world … III. Touching Gog and Magog … IV. Concerning Covenants,’ &c., London, 1661, fol. 8. ‘Exercitations on the Chiliasme, the Burning of the World, of Gog and Magog, the two Witnesses, and the Character of Antichrist,’ London, 1664, fol. 9. ‘Miscellania; consisting of three treatises: I. Exercitations extricated, &c. II. A Review of, or a fresh Enquiry after Gog and Magog, where to find them. III. Some Glimpses of Israel's Call approaching,’ &c., London, 1666, fol. 10. ‘An Essay concerning the Sabbath,’ London, 1673, 8vo.

 HOLMES, ROBERT (1622–1692), admiral, governor of the Isle of Wight, third son of Henry Holmes of Mallow, co. Cork, and brother of Sir John Holmes [q. v.], served during the civil war in the royalist army, and after the king's death in the semi-piratical squadron of Prince Rupert. According to his monument he afterwards distinguished himself in foreign service. He seems to have been especially attached to the Duke of York, and probably served with him in the French army under Turenne. At the Restoration, when the Duke of York became lord high admiral, Holmes was appointed to command the Bramble, from which he was shortly afterwards moved into the Henrietta. In October 1660 he was appointed also captain and governor of Sandown Castle in the Isle of Wight, and about the same time sailed to the Guinea coast for the protection of trade. On his return in the following summer he brought back with him ‘a great baboon,’ apparently a chimpanzee or gorilla (cf., Geographical Distribution of Mammals, p. 77), which Pepys thought must have had a human progenitor (Diary, 24 Aug. 1661). He was then appointed captain of the Royal Charles, but in November was superseded and sent up to town to answer a charge ‘of letting the Swedish ambassador go by him without striking his flag’ (ib. 12 Nov.; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 17 Nov. 1661). A few weeks later he was troubling Pepys's devotions by appearing at church ‘in his gold-laced suit’ (Diary, 22 Dec.), and in 1662 he was appointed to the Reserve, to which ship Pepys got his mathematical teacher, a man named Cooper, put in as master (ib. 7 Aug. 1662). Some months afterwards Holmes insisted on Cooper being removed from the ship, and, on Pepys supporting his protégé, a quarrel broke out which left Pepys in ‘a natural fear of being challenged’ by Holmes. Pepys got out of the difficulty by ‘finding Cooper a fuddling, troublesome fellow, and so being content to have him turned out of his place’ (ib. 22, 24 March 1662–3). The incident probably explains the very unfavourable opinion of Holmes which, after this date, the ‘Diary’ frequently expresses.

Towards the autumn of 1663 Holmes was appointed to the Jersey, and with a small squadron again sent out to the coast of Africa to support the Royal African Company against the encroachments of the Dutch. He sailed in October, and, coming to the river Gambia, found the English and Portuguese factors eloquent on the subject of Dutch usurpation, violence, rapine, and treachery. The Dutch, it was said, had seized English factories, driven English ships off the coast, claimed the monopoly of the trade, and stirred up the natives to wage war against the English. Holmes was instructed to avoid hostilities as far as possible; but, on endeavouring to open negotiations with the Dutch governors, his ships were fired at, his messengers beaten or killed, and all amicable proposals rejected. He was thus forced to take possession of the Dutch settlements one after the other, including Goree, Cape Coast, Aga, and Annamaboe. From the coast of Africa Holmes then stretched across the Atlantic,


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/201

 and in August 1664 ousted the Dutch from the possession of the New Netherlands and their settlement of New Amsterdam, which in English hands became New York. He then returned to England, where, in consequence of the representations of the Dutch, he was committed to the Tower pending an examination into the incidents of his voyage (ib. 9 Jan.; Cal. State Papers, Dom. 23 Jan., 14 Feb. 1664–5). Meantime the Dutch had sent Ruyter with a strong squadron to the coast of Africa, where he recaptured the forts taken by Holmes, and, crossing to the West Indies, made many prizes. Letters of reprisal were issued by both nations, and the examination of Holmes was naturally not very severe. He drew up a detailed narrative, supporting his principal statements by formal depositions, and showed that his instructions warranted his conduct. On 6 March 1664–5 he was released from arrest (ib.;, 14 March), and on 23 March he received ‘a general pardon and release for all felonies and offences in England or elsewhere.’ The blame of the war which followed is frequently laid on Holmes. If his narrative be true, he acted with judgment, prudence, skill, and courage. The facts, however, as described by Valkenburg, the Dutch governor of Elmina, on whom Holmes laid the chief blame, are scarcely to be recognised as the same (State Papers, Dom. Charles II, cxiv. 19, 20, 68;, Vie de Ruyter, p. 245). It can only be said that Holmes had not the temptation to attack the Dutch that Valkenburg had to attack the English, and his evidence is at least as trustworthy.

Holmes was now appointed captain of the Revenge, one of the white squadron, under Rupert, in the action off Lowestoft on 3 June 1665. On the strength of his reputation here acquired he requested to be promoted to the flag of rear-admiral of the white, vacant by the death of Sansum. The Duke of York refused, and gave the flag to Harman [see HARMAN, Sir JOHN], on which Holmes handed his commission to the duke, who tore it up. Prince Rupert, it is said, had, by the duke's desire, endeavoured to dissuade Holmes from this step; but he ‘would do it, like a rash, proud coxcomb. He is rich, and sought an occasion of leaving the service’ (PEPYS, 16 June; Coventry to Arlington, 13 June, Cal. State Papers, Dom.). Yet early in the following year the duke appointed Holmes to the Defiance, a ship still on the stocks, which was launched on 27 March. The king, with the duke and Prince Rupert, was present at the ceremony, and conferred on Holmes the honour of knighthood. When the fleet was remodelled on 30 May, Holmes was nominated rear-admiral of the red (State Papers, Dom. Charles II, clvii. 57), over the head of Harman, who remained rear-admiral of the white. In the great fight of four days (1–4 June) Holmes was said to have displayed the greatest gallantry, ‘to have done wonders’ (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 5, 7 June). Apparently the Defiance sustained such damage as to render it necessary for her to be sent in to refit, and Holmes hoisted his flag on board the Henry.

In the fight of St. James's day, 25 July, the Henry, having lost her top-masts, hauled to windward out of the line to repair damages; and meantime the red and white squadrons, having forced the opposing van and centre of the enemy to bear up, followed them to leeward in a running fight which lasted all through the next day. In the rear the battle was more obstinately contested, and Holmes, when again ready for action, took his place in the blue squadron. In the afternoon of the 26th the Dutch rear, being also put to the run, was chased towards the coast of Holland. As night closed in they had sighted the main body of the English fleet, and ought to have been driven into it; but the admiral of the blue squadron, Sir Jeremy Smyth [q. v.], on the advice of his pilot that they were getting into dangerous navigation, hauled to the wind and gave up the pursuit, thus permitting the flying enemy to escape from what seemed certain destruction (State Papers, Dom. Charles II, clxv. 1, 2). Holmes, still with the blue squadron, was indignant. It is said that he fired guns at Smyth's ship to compel him to renew the chase, and that he called Smyth a coward publicly in the presence of the generals (ib. 41). The matter was reported to the king, who ordered a court-martial to be held (5 Aug. 1666; ib. clxvi. 86). It seems to have referred the question back to the king, who acquitted Smyth of cowardice, but reprimanded him for having ‘too easily yielded to the single opinion of his pilot’ (ib. Entry Book, xxiii. 264). It was reported that Holmes and Smyth fought a duel, which was probably true, and that Holmes was killed, which was certainly false (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1 Nov.;, 31 Oct. 1666). According to Pepys the quarrel extended in the fleet; the Duke of Albemarle supported Smyth, while Rupert favoured Holmes, ‘an idle, proud, conceited, though stout, fellow;’ and officers and men ranged themselves on one side or the other, to the utter subversion of effective discipline (ib. 20, 29 Oct. 1666; 3 April 1668). It appears certain that the discipline of the fleet did at this time become very bad, and partly perhaps from this cause; but the non-payment


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/202

 of the seamen's wages was of more importance.

To follow up their victory on St. James's day, the generals detached Holmes with a small squadron and a landing party to destroy the shipping at the islands of Vlie and Schelling. On 8 Aug. he was off the harbour; two men-of-war that attempted its defence were driven ashore and burnt; the fireships did the rest; between 150 and 160 merchant ships, mostly of large size and richly laden, outward or homeward bound East Indiamen, were destroyed; and then landing, the stores, filled with East Indian merchandise, were also given to the flames. Comparatively little was brought away, but the material loss to the Dutch was enormous. The magnitude of the blow brought exaggerated credit to Holmes for inflicting it. One ballad of the time is happier than most— Whilst we were giving thanks to Heaven, we found Our former victory with a second crowned … Our streets were thick with bonefires large and tall, But Holmes one bonefire made was worth them all. (Sir Robert Holmes, his Bonefire; cf. Cal. State Papers, Dom. 7 Aug. 1666.) From the king Holmes received an honourable augmentation to his arms—the English lion in a canton; and as a crest, a naval crown, out of which an arm in armour, the hand holding a trident.

Early in 1667 he was named as admiral at Portsmouth (, 4 April), but does not seem to have been actually appointed till the following year, when he hoisted his flag on board the Defiance, from which he afterwards moved to the Cambridge. In the meantime he had taken a prominent part in the scandalous duel between the Duke of Buckingham and the Earl of Shrewsbury. Holmes was one of the duke's seconds, and opposed to Sir John Talbot, whom he wounded in the arm. After this he was in higher favour than ever, and some months later Pepys noted a report ‘that Holmes and Spragge now rule all with the Duke of Buckingham, as to sea business, and will be great men’ (ib. 3 Dec. 1668; 4 March 1668–9). In the following year Holmes was returned to parliament as member for Winchester. He was also appointed captain-general and governor of the Isle of Wight, where, at Yarmouth, he had built a large mansion (now the George Inn). Here, in 1671, 1675, and 1677, he entertained the king with regal magnificence, which would seem to confirm Pepys's statement as to his being rich.

In the beginning of 1672, when war with Holland was determined on, Holmes was ordered to take command of a squadron of ships of war, and intercept the Dutch Smyrna fleet as it came up the Channel. The preparations to carry out this measure were as inadequate as the conception of it was villainous. Holmes, with his flag in the St. Michael, was stationed, with five ships, to intercept a fleet of fifty-six merchant ships, convoyed by eleven men-of-war; these were of from 40 to 50 guns, and some twenty of the merchant ships were also heavily armed; so that when, on 12 March 1671–2, Holmes attacked them off the Isle of Wight, they defended themselves stoutly. After fighting all the afternoon and evening, the English ships were so disabled that they had to lie by to repair damages. Holmes shifted his flag to the Cambridge, and in the morning, having been joined by three other ships, again attacked the Dutch with somewhat better success. One of the Dutch ships was sunk, and five or six were captured; the rest escaped (Foreign Office Records, Holland, cclxv. 233, 234). Holmes, acting under immediate orders, had at least done well where the imbecility of the government had rendered success impossible. The blame cast upon him for obeying orders is equally unjust, especially as he could not possibly know their exceptional infamy. The St. Michael had been terribly mauled in this action, but was refitted in time to take part in the battle of Solebay, 28 May 1672, on which occasion she was one of the seconds of the commander-in-chief. When his own ship, the Prince, was disabled, and her captain, Sir John Cox, killed, the Duke of York hoisted the standard on board the St. Michael, and continued in her till, towards evening, she too was disabled, when he again shifted to the London (Henry Savile to Arlington, a printed relation in State Papers, Dom. Charles II, cccxxviii.) It would almost seem as if Holmes's career afloat was bound up in the Duke of York's tenure of office as lord high admiral; for, though no lists of the fleets of 1673 can be found, it does not appear that Holmes took part in that bloody campaign.

The rest of his life appears to have been passed in the duties of his office as governor of the Isle of Wight, and as member of parliament, in which he sat almost continuously for Winchester, Yarmouth, or Newport. He quietly accepted the revolution. In July 1690, after the battle of Beachy Head, we find him sending intelligence of the movements of the French fleet. His will, dated 28 Oct. 1692, describes him as then in perfect health; and thus, without any long


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/205

 (information from the Rev. Dr. Bellamy; Rawl. MS.), and was elected to St. John's College, Oxford, on 11 June 1707, matriculating on 2 July. He was admitted fellow in 1710, and graduated B.A. 16 May 1711, and M.A. 9 April 1715. After filling the office of proctor in 1721 he took the degree of B.D. 13 April 1722, and that of D.D. 5 March 1725. He held in succession the livings of Northleigh, near Oxford (1725–6), and of Henbury, Gloucestershire (1726–8), and was elected president of St. John's College on 3 June 1728. On 24 Sept. he was instituted to the rectory of Boxwell, Gloucestershire, and on the 24th to the college living of Handborough, Oxfordshire. From 1731 to 1737 he was proctor for the clergy of the diocese of Oxford in convocation. During the three years 1732–5 he was vice-chancellor of the university, and was in 1734 appointed one of the king's chaplains. While vice-chancellor he presented addresses from the university on the occasion of the marriage of the Princess Royal to the Prince of Orange in 1734. The Prince of Orange had resided at Oxford, and had been in some way under Holmes's care while there. From 1736 to 1742 he was regius professor of history. He caused to be printed, so that it might be given to every scholar at his admission, the last letter of Sir Thomas White, founder of St. John's College, in which he exhorts the fellows to live at peace with each other, and bids them ‘take a coppye of yt for my sake;’ copies of the letter are still presented to the scholars. He is ridiculed as servile in an imitation of the first satire of Juvenal, printed in London in 1740, and in a letter purporting to be written from Oxford, and published in ‘British Champions, or the Impartial Advertizer’ (10 Jan. 1743), ‘that ornament of learning and politeness H—es’ is given as an example of those who ‘steer judiciously between all extremes’; he was no doubt the first president who was loyal to the house of Hanover. He seems to have been well affected towards sound learning, was civil to Thomas Hearne the antiquary [q. v.], and professed a desire to see a large plan set on foot for printing Oxford manuscripts. While vice-chancellor he revived, on 9 July 1733, the ceremony of the act, which had fallen into some decay, but gave offence to Hearne, and probably other lovers of the past, by inviting ‘one Handel, a foreigner,’ to play at Oxford before and after the ceremony, and allowing him to perform on his own account in the theatre, and to charge 5s. admission. On the other hand, he forbade a company of players to visit Oxford. On 4 June 1742 he was nominated by the crown to the deanery of Exeter.

Holmes died, 4 April 1748, at the age of fifty-nine, leaving considerable property (two farms and 200l. a year) to St. John's College, and was buried in the college chapel. He married Sarah, widow of Robert England, who survived him, and died 3 Dec. 1750. She was also a benefactor to the college, and portraits of both of them are in the college hall. A monument was erected to Holmes in the college chapel at her direction. The only work which has been ascribed to him is ‘The Country Parson's Advice to his Parishioners of the Younger Sort,’ published anonymously at Oxford, 1742, 12mo; other editions, with title slightly varied, 1764, 12mo, and 1783, 8vo (Bodleian Library).

HOLMES, WILLIAM (d. 1851), tory whip, was the son of a rich brewer in county Sligo, and of a family long settled in King's County, Ireland. He was born in Sligo, and graduated B.A. of Trinity College, Dublin, in 1795. He entered the army, served in the West Indies, and was there military secretary to Sir Thomas Hislop [q. v.] He left the army in 1807, upon his marriage with Lady Stronge, widow of the Rev. Sir James Stronge, bart., and daughter of John Tew of Dublin and Margaret Muswell. He entered parliament for Grampound, Cornwall, in May 1808, and sat for that place till 1812, for Tregony, Cornwall, from 1812 to 1818, for Totnes, Devon, from 1819 to 1820, for Bishop's Castle, Shropshire, from 1820 to 1830, for Haslemere, Surrey, from 1830 to 1832, and from 1837 to 1841 for Berwick-upon-Tweed. From 1832 to 1837 he was not in parliament, though in 1835 he unsuccessfully contested Ipswich. In 1841 he stood for Stafford, but was not elected, and he then quitted parliamentary life. For thirty years ‘Billy’ Holmes was the adroit and dexterous whip of the tory party, and his great knowledge of the tastes, wishes, idiosyncrasies, and family connections of all the members on the tory side of the house made him a most skilful dispenser of patronage and party manager. Though often violently attacked, his personal honour remained unquestioned in the midst of a life of intrigue, and he was not unpopular with his opponents. By special permission from the Duke of Wellington he was allowed in 1829 to give his vote against the ministerial Catholic Relief Bill. He was treasurer of the ordnance


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/206

 from 1820 to 1830, and was made a D.C.L. of Oxford on 5 July 1810. He died in Grafton Street, London, on 26 Jan. 1851, leaving one son, Thomas Knox Holmes.

HOLMES, WILLIAM ANTHONY, D.D. (1782–1843), chancellor of Cashel and rector of Templemore, in the same diocese, son of Joseph Holmes, was born in Drogheda, co. Louth, in 1782. He entered Trinity College, Dublin, 7 Jan. 1799; was elected a scholar in 1801; graduated B.A. 1803, and B.D. and D.D. 1834. Having taken holy orders, he became incumbent of Holywood, co. Down, in 1810. While there he took an important share in establishing the Mendicity Institution of Belfast. In 1818 he was promoted to the rectory of Ballyroan in the diocese of Leighlin; for some years he was preacher of Cashel Cathedral, and in 1822 became rector of Hore Abbey in the diocese of Cashel. On 22 May 1832 he was collated to the chancellorship of Cashel, and in 1837 to the rectory of Templemore. Archdeacon Cotton has described him as ‘an eloquent preacher, and a person of active mind and literary habits.’ He was twice married, and left issue. He died at Templemore, 30 Dec. 1843, and was buried in St. John the Baptist's churchyard, Cashel. Besides sermons and contributions to periodicals, Holmes was author of: 1. ‘A Plan for a Mendicity Institution,’ Belfast, circa 1818. 2. ‘Hints to the Proprietors of Loan Funds,’ Belfast, circa 1818. 3. ‘Statistical Account of the Parish of Holywood, County and Diocese of Down’ (printed in Mason's ‘Parochial Survey of Ireland,’ iii. 183–219), Dublin, 1819. 4. ‘The Time of the End; being a series of Lectures on Prophetical Chronology,’ London, 1833. 5. ‘The Heavy Blow and Great Discouragement of Protestantism: Correspondence between Lord Viscount Melbourne and the Bishop of Exeter; also between Lord Brougham and the Rev. Dr. Holmes,’ London, 1838. 6. ‘The Queen's Declaration against Popery, and the Coronation Oath discussed,’ London, 1843.

HOLROYD, GEORGE SOWLEY (1758–1831), judge, of a Yorkshire family, eldest son of George Holroyd, by Eleanor, daughter of Henry Sowley of Appleby, Westmoreland, was born at York on 31 Oct. 1758. He was placed at Harrow under Dr. Sumner in 1770, but owing to his father's heavy pecuniary losses was unable to proceed to a university. In April 1774 he was articled to a London attorney named Borthwick, and then, deciding to go to the bar, he entered in 1777 at Gray's Inn, read in the chambers of Sir Alan Chambre [q. v.], and in April 1779 began practice as a special pleader. He was at this time the associate of Romilly, Christian, and Baynes, and joined them in founding a legal debating society. He was called to the bar 26 June 1787, and joining the northern circuit obtained a good practice both at assizes and at Westminster. Declining to take silk, he continued to practise with great success as a junior. In 1811 he highly distinguished himself in the case of Burdett v. Abbott, speaker of the House of Commons, in which he appeared for the plaintiff (reported, Reports, xiv. 1). In 1815 he was sent as commissioner to Guernsey to inquire into certain grievances there complained of. On 14 Feb. 1816 he succeeded Sir Henry Dampier as a judge of the king's bench, and obtained a high judicial reputation in that court for learning and courtesy (, Chief Justices, iii. 155); but on 17 Nov. 1828 ill-health compelled him to retire, and he died at his house at Hare Hatch, Berkshire, 21 Nov. 1831. There is a monument to him in Wargrave Church, with an inscription by Lord Brougham. In 1787 he married Sarah, daughter of Amos Chaplin of Brydges Street, Covent Garden; of his fourteen children by her, six survived him.

HOLROYD, JOHN BAKER, first (1735–1821), statesman, was second son of Isaac Holroyd (1708–1778), the representative of an old West Riding family which had migrated to Ireland in the reign of Charles II and acquired large estates there. His mother was Dorothy, daughter of Daniel Baker of Penn, Buckinghamshire. He was born in 1735, entered the army in 1760; and became captain in the regiment of light dragoons known as the Royal Foresters which was disbanded in 1763. Between the last year and 1766 Holroyd travelled on the Continent. In 1768 he assumed the additional name of Baker on succeeding to the estates of his mother's family. In 1769 he purchased from Lord de la Warr for 31,000l. the estate of Sheffield Place in Sussex. In


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/207

 1779 he raised at his own expense a regiment of light dragoons, called the 22nd or Sussex regiment, of which he was the colonel. In February 1780 he was elected M.P. for Coventry on a casual vacancy, and in September of the same year stood again for that city with Mr. Yeo as his colleague. The proceedings at this election were marked by great violence, and the conduct of the sheriffs in making no return led to their being committed to Newgate by order of the House of Commons. On a new election taking place in November, though Messrs. Holroyd and Yeo had a large majority, their opponents were returned by the influence of the corporation officials; but on petition Messrs. Holroyd and Yeo were declared duly elected (Parl. Hist. xxi. 867;, Hist. of Coventry, p. 388). When the famous petition from the Protestant Association was presented to the House of Commons by Lord George Gordon on 2 June 1780, Holroyd laid hold of Lord George, saying: ‘Hitherto I have imputed your conduct to madness, but now I perceive that it has more of malice than madness in it;’ adding at the same time that if any of the mob made an entrance into the house he would instantly inflict summary vengeance on his lordship as the instigator. Holroyd, at the head of a detachment of the Northumberland Militia, was active in suppressing the riots that sprang from Lord George's action. On 9 Jan. 1781 Holroyd was raised to the Irish peerage as Baron Sheffield of Dunamore in the county of Meath, and on 17 Dec. 1783 as Baron Sheffield of Roscommon. While an Irish peer he sat as M.P. for Bristol, and took an active part in debate, especially in the opposition to Wilberforce's motion for the abolition of slavery in 1791 (Parl. Hist. xxix. 358), and in favour of union with Ireland, 22 April 1799 (ib. xxxiv. 936). On 29 July 1802 he was raised to the peerage of the United Kingdom as Baron Sheffield of Sheffield, Yorkshire. Finally he was created Earl of Sheffield and Viscount Pevensey in the peerage of Ireland on 22 Jan. 1816. He was president of the board of agriculture in 1803, a privy councillor and a lord of the board of trade in 1809. Sheffield died on 30 May 1821.

He married, first, in 1767, Abigail, only daughter of Lewis Way of Richmond, Surrey; by her he had a son, who died young, and two daughters; she died in 1793; secondly, on 26 Dec. 1794, Lucy, daughter of the first Earl of Chichester; she died without issue in 1795; thirdly, on 9 Jan. 1798, Anne, daughter of the second Earl of Guilford, K.G., by whom he had one son, George, second earl, and a daughter.

Sheffield was one of the leading authorities of the time on matters relating to commerce and agriculture, and his estate at Sheffield Place was regarded as a model of farming. He made the acquaintance of Gibbon at Lausanne in 1764, became his most intimate friend, and edited his posthumous works. Gibbon said of him: ‘The sense and spirit of his political writings have decided the public opinion on the great questions of our commercial intercourse with Ireland. He has never cultivated the arts of composition; but his materials are copious and correct, and he leaves on his paper the clear impression of an active and vigorous mind’ (, Memoirs, ed. 1837, p. 109). The greater part of Gibbon's published correspondence was with Sheffield. The friends are both buried in Fletching Church, in which parish Sheffield Place stands. His numerous writings justify Gibbon's praise. Many of his pamphlets are contained in ‘The Pamphleteer.’

He wrote: 1. ‘Observations on the Commerce of the American States,’ 1783; 6th edition, 1784. This was written in opposition to the bill introduced by Pitt in 1783, proposing to relax the navigation laws in favour of the United States. It was the beginning of a long controversy, and finally led to the abandonment of the proposal. ‘The Navigation Act, the palladium of Britain, was defended and perhaps saved by his pen’ (, Memoirs, p. 108). 2. ‘Observations on the Manufactures, Trade, and Present State of Ireland,’ 1785 (intended to prove that Irish prosperity could only be maintained by a friendly connection with Great Britain). 3. ‘Observations on the Project for Abolishing the Slave Trade,’ anon., 1790; 2nd edit., with additions and author's name, 1791. 4. ‘Observations on the Corn Bill now depending in Parliament,’ 1791. 5. ‘Gibbon's Miscellaneous Works,’ edited, 1796; other editions in 1814 and 1837. 6. ‘Speech on the Union with Ireland, 22 April 1799.’ 7. ‘Remarks on the Deficiency of Grain occasioned by the Bad Harvest of 1799,’ 1800. 8. ‘Observations on the Objections made to the Export of Wool from Great Britain to Ireland,’ 1800. 9. ‘Strictures on the Necessity of inviolably maintaining the Navigation and Colonial System of Great Britain,’ 1804. 10. ‘The Orders in Council and the American Embargo beneficial to the Commercial and Political Interests of Great Britain,’ 1809. 11. ‘On the Trade in Wool and Woollens,’ 1813. 12. ‘Report at the Meeting at Lewes Wool Fair,’ 1813 (a similar report also in 1816). 13. ‘Observations on the Impolicy, Abuses, and False Interpretation of the Poor Laws,’ 1813. 14. ‘On the Trade in Wool


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/208

 and Woollens, including an Exposition of the Commercial Situation of the British Empire,’ 1813. 15. ‘A Letter on the Corn Laws,’ 1815. 16. ‘Remarks on the Bill of the Last Parliament for the Amendment of the Poor Laws, with observations, &c.,’ 1819. 17. ‘Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Edward Gibbon’ (published posthumously), 1826.

A portrait of Sheffield, after Sir Joshua Reynolds, and a view of Sheffield Place, will be found in Horsfield's ‘Sussex,’ p. 378. His portrait was also painted by M. A. Shee for the Province Hall of New Brunswick in 1806.

 HOLST, THEODORE (1810–1844), painter. [See .]

HOLT, FRANCIS LUDLOW (1780–1844), legal and dramatic author, born in 1780, was son of the Rev. Ludlow Holt, LL.D., of Watford, Hertfordshire, author of some sermons published in 1780-1. He was elected a king’s scholar of Westminster School in 1794, and matriculated in at Christ Church, Oxford, in 1798. He was called to the bar at the Middle Temple 27 Jan. 1809, and went on the northern circuit. He became a king’s counsel and bencher of the Inner Temple in 1831, and treasurer of that inn in 1840. He was an exchequer bill loan commissioner, and was vice-chancellor of the county palatine of Lancaster from 1826 till his death on 29 Sept. 1844 at Earl’s Terrace, Kensington. He married a niece of, proprietor of ‘Bell’s Weekly Messenger,’ of which he was for many years the principal editor.

Holt wrote: He wrote also one or two dramatic pieces, and published in 1804 a comedy, ‘The Land we live in,’ which was successful as a literary work (it reached a third edition in 1805), though, according to Genest (Hist. of the Stage, vii. 644), unsuitable to the stage, the author having sacrificed plot to dialogue; it was acted at Drury Lane on one night in 1805 (, Biog. Dram. ii. 363).
 * 1) ‘The Law and Usage of Parliament in Cases of Privilege and Contempt,’ 1810.
 * 2) ‘The Law of Libel,’ 1812, 1816; reviewed by Lord Brougham in ‘Edinburgh Review,’ September 1816; American edition 1818.
 * 3) ‘Reports of Cases ruled and determined at Nisi Prius, in the Court of Common Pleas, and on the Northern Circuit, from the Sittings after Trinity Term, 55 Geo. III, 1815, to the Sittings after Michaelmas Term, 58 Geo.III, 1817, both inclusive,’ vol. i (the only one published), 1818.
 * 4) ‘A System of the Shipping and Navigation Laws of Great Britain, and of the Laws relating to Merchant Ships and Seamen and Maritime Contracts,’ 1st edition, 1820; 2nd edition, 1824.
 * 5) ‘The Bankrupt Laws, as established by the New Act, 6 Geo. IV, c.16,’ 1827.

 HOLT, JOHN (d. 1418), judge, was a native and landowner of Northamptonshire, and his name occurs in the year-books from the fortieth year of Edward III onwards. In the last year of that reign he became a king's serjeant. He was appointed a judge of the common pleas in 1383 (Cal. Rot. Parl. p. 208), and at Christmas 1384 he was made a knight-banneret (, Orig. Jur. pp.46, 103). On 25 Aug. 1387 he was summoned to attend the king at Nottingham and concurred with his colleagues in pronouncing illegal the proceedings of the last parliament, which had appointed a permanent council. For this expression of opinion he was on 3 Feb. 1388 arrested while sitting in court, and on 2 March was put on his trial. He pleaded that he had been compelled to give that opinion by the threats of the Archbishop of York and of the Earl of Suffolk, but he was found guilty by parliament. Upon the intercession of the prelates his life was spared, and his sentence commuted to banishment for life to Ireland, an allowance of forty marks being made him for his residence at Drogheda. In 1391 his manors were granted to his son John, but in January 1397 parliament remitted his banishment, and in the following year his sentence was reversed and his lands were restored. The deposition of Richard II prevented him from recovering the lands. In the second year of the following reign he presented a petition for their restoration, which was granted, but many of them having been granted away in the interim he was compelled to allow the grantees such compensation as the council should think reasonable, and on these terms his lands were restored to him, and passed to his son Hugh on his death in 1418.

 HOLT, JOHN (1642–1710), judge, born at Thame, Oxfordshire, on 30 Dec. 1642, was eldest son of Sir Thomas Holt of Gray’s Inn, barrister and serjeant-at-law, recorder of Reading and Abingdon, descended from a