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Rh yon, settling with porters, garçons, and maitres de poste, while her Yorkshire maid was watching, with dismay, the rough handling of her lady's precious parcels, and Miss St. L. looking as if she did not care if they were all lost, if she could but save her friend from these rough duties, to which she is compelled by being the only one of the party who speaks German.

THE RHINE.

C.,

We have been waiting for fine weather, that being an indispensable element in a party of pleasure, for an excursion down the Rhine, and this morning we set off, the girls and myself, without any attendant of mankind; an elegant superfluity, as we are beginning to think.

While Francois was getting our billets, we, eager to secure the best places in the diligence, jostled past the Germans, who stood quietly awaiting the conductor's summons; and when, ten minutes after, our fellow-passengers were getting in, offering to one another precedence, the conductor came to us and said, "Ah, ladies, you are placed; I had allotted better seats for you." Was not this an appropriate punishment for our selfish and truly national hurrying? I could give you many instances of similar offences committed by ourselves and other travellers among these "live-and-let-live" people. There is a steam navigation company on the Rhine, who have three boats ascending and descending daily; this


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Blackmail

BLACKMAIL, originally rent paid in labor, grain or baser metal as distinguished from silver or white money; a certain rate of money, corn, cattle or the like, anciently paid, in the north of England and in Scotland, to certain men who were allied to robbers, to be protected by them from pillage. It was carried to such an extent as to become the subject of special legislation by the English Parliament in 1601, and also in Scotland. Blackmail was levied in the unsettled districts bordering the Highlands of Scotland till the middle of the 18th century. In the United States, in common language and in general acceptation it is equivalent to and synonymous with extortion — the exaction of money, either for the performance of a duty, the prevention of an injury or the exercise of an influence. It supposes the service to be unlawful and the payment involuntary. Not unfrequently it is extorted by threats, or by operating upon the fears or the credulity or by promises to conceal, or to expose, the weaknesses, the follies or the crimes of the victim. There is moral compulsion, which neither necessity nor fear nor credulity can resist. The New York statutes upon the subject have been adopted in substance by many other States of the Union. These statutes provide, substantially, that a person who, knowing the contents thereof, and with intent, by means thereof, to extort or gain any money or other property, or to do, abet or procure any illegal or wrongful act, sends, delivers or in any manner causes to be forwarded or received, or makes and parts with for the purpose that there may be sent or delivered, any letter or writing threatening to accuse any person of a crime, or to do any injury to any person or to any property or to publish or connive at publishing any libel, or to expose or impute to any person any deformity or disgrace, is punishable by imprisonment for a term usually not exceeding five years. In New York and in various other States it is also a misdemeanor for any person who, under circumstances not amounting to robbery, or an attempt at robbery, with intent to extort or gain any money or olher property, verbally makes such a threat as would be criminal under the statute mentioned above; and it is immaterial whether a threat made as specified in the statute is of things to be done or omitted by the offender, or by any other person.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Letters from Abroad to Kindred at Home/Place XVI


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184 you to pay your passage to a certain place, and avail yourself of each boat or all, as suits your convenience. You are at liberty, at any point you please, to quit the steamer, ramble for two or three hours on the shore, and then proceed on your expedition. We are descending the river rapidly; the current runs at the rate of six miles an hour.

The big Russian princess, who is a sort of "man of the sea" to us, is flourishing up and down the deck with two of her suite, one on each side, as if to guard her from contact with the plebeian world. Every look and motion says "I do not love the people." The royal brood may wince, but they must submit to the democratic tendencies of the age. These steamers and rail-cars are undermining their elevations. I have not, as you know, my dear C., any vulgar hostility to those who are the heirs of the usurpations of elder times—"the accident of an accident"—but when I see a person, radically vulgar like this woman, queening it among those who are her superiors in everything but this accidental greatness, my Puritan blood and republican breeding get the better of my humanity.

We are passing the chateau of Johannisberg—a castle of Prince Metternich, an immense white edifice which, as we see it, looks much like a Saratoga hotel. It is on a gently-sloping hill, covered with vines which confessedly produce the best Rhine wine. "The extent of the vineyard is," Murray says, "fifty-five acres. Its produce in good years amounts to about forty butts, and has been valued at


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Blackmar, Frank Wilson

BLACKMAR, Frank Wilson, American educator, economist and author: b. West Springfield, Pa., 3 Nov. 1854. He studied at the University of the Pacific, and at Johns Hopkins University where he became instructor in history 1887-88 and fellow in history and politics 1888-89. He was appointed professor of history and sociology at the University of Kansas in 1889 and became active in the university extension movement throughout the West, writing and lecturing on history, sociology and economics. He organized the graduate school of the University of Kansas in 1897 and was elected its dean. In 1899 he was appointed

professor of sociology and economics. He edited the ‘Cyclopedia of the History of Kansas’ and is author of ‘Spanish Colonization’ (1890); ‘Spanish Institutions in the Southwest’ (1891); ‘History of Higher Education in Kansas’ (1900); ‘Life of Charles Robinson’ (1900); ‘The Elements of Sociology’ (1905); ‘Economics for High Schools’ (1907); ‘Play-grounds and Parks’ (1910).


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Rh 80,000 florins." This vineyard was formerly attached to the Abbey of St. John; and a genial time, no doubt, the merry monks had of it. Would they not have regarded the modern tabooing of wine as the ne plus ultra of heresy? But, poor fellows! their abbey and their wine were long ago secularized, and have fallen into the hands of military and political spoilers. Napoleon made an imperial gift of these vineyards to Marshal Kellerman, and in 1816 they again changed hands, being presented to Metternich by the Emperor of Austria. I have drank wine bearing the name of Johannisberg in New-York, but I have been told by a person who had tasted it at Metternich's table, that it is only to be found unadulterated there. Murray informs us that they permit the grape to pass the point of seeming perfection before they gather it, believing that the wine gains in body by this, and that so precious are the grapes that those which have fallen are picked up by a fork made for the purpose.

met a countryman to-day who has been travelling through France and Italy with his sister, "without any language," he says, "but that spoken on the rock of Plymouth," which, true to his English blood, he pronounces, with infinite satisfaction, to be the best, and all-sufficient. He is a fair specimen of that class of Anglo-American travellers who find quite enough particulars, in which every country is inferior to their own, to fill up the field of their


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186 observation. He has just crossed the deck to say to me, "I have let them know what a tall place America is; I have told them that an American steamer will carry 2000 people and 1000 bales of cotton, and go down the river and up twice as fast as a Rhine steamer." He has not told them that a Rhine steamer is far superior in its arrangement and refinement to ours. These little patriotic vanities are pleasant solaces when one is three thousand miles from home—but truth is better.

Braubach.—We arrived here at half past three, having passed about fifty miles of the most enchanting scenery on the Rhine. Imagine, my dear C., a little strip of level land, not very many yards wide, between the river and precipitous rocks; a village with its weather-stained houses in this pent-up space; an old chateau with its walls and towers, and at the summit of the rocks, and hanging over them, for the rocks actually project from the perpendicular, the stern old Castle of Marksburg, and you have our present position. Murray says this castle is the only one of the strongholds of the middle ages that has been preserved unaltered, the beau ideal of an old castle; and this is why we have come to see it. I am sitting at the window of the chateau, now the Gast-haus zur Phillipsburg. Under my window is a garden with grapes, interspersed with fruit-trees and flowers, and enclosed by a white paling, and finishing at each end with the old towers of the


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307 1. Let Vāiçvānara, for our aid, come forth hither from the distance—Agni, unto our good praises.

2. Vāiçvānara, our ally (sajū́s), hath come unto this our offering—Agni, at our songs, in our distresses.

3. May Vāiçvānara shape the praise and song of the An̄girases; may he extend to them brightness (dyumná) [and] heaven (svàr).

1. To Vāiçvānara, the righteous, lord of right, of light, we pray for unfailing heat (gharmá).

2. He shaped himself unto all things; he, the controlling one, sends out the seasons, drawing out the vigor (váyas) of the sacrifice.

The verse is corrupt in Ppp., but the second and third pādas in it exchange places, as they do in the SV. version. SV. also reads, for a, yá idám pratipaprathé, and has svàr for váyas in c; it and all the other versions read ṛtū́n; our ṛtū́ṅr is quoted in Prāt. ii. 29, and in the comment to i. 68. The comm. reads in a viçvāḥ and cakṛpe, and some of our authorities (P.I.K.), with the great majority of SPP's, also have víçvāḥ;

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Rh. Along the narrow road between the garden and the river there are peasant-girls going homeward with baskets of fresh-mown grass on their heads, followed by peasants in their dark blouses, with their sickles swung over their shoulders. Little boats are gliding to and fro, guided, and, as their ringing voices tell you, enjoyed by children. But here is mine host to tell us the esels are ready—the four asses we have ordered to take us to Marksburg.

all "riding privileges," that on a donkey is the least. You are set on to something half cushion, half saddle, that neither has itself nor imparts rest. Though there is a semicircular rampart erected, to guard you from the accident of "high vaulting ambition," it seems inevitable that you must fall on one side or the other. There is a shingle strapped to the saddle for the right foot, and a stirrup for the left; fortunate are you if you can extricate your feet from both. A merry procession we had of it, however, up the winding road to Marksburg. The Braubach donkeys have not had much custom of late, I fancy, for we ran a race, fairly distancing our donkey-drivers, who seemed much amused with our way of proceeding. The fellow who was spokesman demanded, as I thought, an exorbitant price, and I appealed to one of his comrades, who decided that half he asked was quite enough. I mention this with pleasure, because it is the only thing of the sort we have had to complain of since


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Blackmore, Sir Richard

BLACKMORE, Richard, court physician and poet: b. about 1650; d. 1729. He was educated at Westminster School and Saint Edmund Hall, Oxford; first took up teaching, but after graduating in medicine at Padua settled in London as a physician, holding appointments in the court of King William and Queen Anne. He had a gift for writing epics, all lengthy and written on the most exalted themes. He published ‘Prince Arthur’ (1695) and six other lengthy poems before 1723. His ‘Creation’ received high praise from such competent contemporary critics as Addison, Johnson and John Dennis, but the cooler judgment of posterity has pronounced all alike to be uniformly dull, heavy and tedious.


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188 we came into Germany. The fellow was a stranger and an alien from this worthy household, I am sure; he had a most un-German expression.

The castle has been, till recently, a state-prison, and is now occupied by invalid soldiers. We were led through dark passages and up a winding stone staircase to the apartment where prisoners were put to the rack; and we were shown another gloomy den, where there were two uprights and a transverse beam, and beneath them a trap-door; if not satisfied with so much of the story as these objects intimate, you may descend and search for the bones which you will certainly find there! In another apartment are some mediocre paintings on the wall, done with only a gleam of light by a poor fellow who had thus happily beguiled weary years of imprisonment. On the whole, the castle was not so interesting, not nearly so striking as I expected. Nothing is left to indicate the rude luxury of its lordly masters; its aspect is merely that of an ill-contrived prison.

we got back to the inn an old man, who seemed an habitué, asked us, in very good French (which Germans of the inferior orders never speak), to walk into the garden. Such a pretty garden, with its towers, its fragment of the old castle-wall, its bowers and wreaths of grapes, and such grapes; oh, you would go mad if you could see them, remembering your seasons of hope and despair over


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vi. 36- but SPP. gives víçvā in his text, as we have done. AÇS. (viii. 9. 7) and ÇÇS. (x. 11. 9) read instead viçvam, and cākḷpat. TB. (ii. 4. 1$9-10$) makes an anuṣṭubh verse of our 3 b, c and 2 a, b; it reads, for our 2 a, sá idám práti paprathe.

3. Agni, in distant domains, the desire of what is and is to be, bears rule as the one universal ruler.

1. Hither hath come forth, having harnessed his chariot, the thousand-eyed curse, seeking after my curser, as a wolf the house of a sheepowner.

2. Avoid us, O curse, as a burning fire a pond; smite our curser here, as the bolt from heaven a tree.

3. Whoever shall curse us not cursing, and whoever shall curse us cursing, him, withered (?), I cast forth for death, as a bone (?) for a dog.

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Rh your few frostbitten vines. The old man picked some plumbs, and served them to us with sylvan grace on a grape-leaf. We fell into conversation. He told me the story of his life; it was common enough, but there was a gentleness and sensibility in his voice and expression very uncommon. He came from Alsace, and was travelling in this vicinity with his wife and only surviving child, a girl, "trying to forget home;" for he had lost at short intervals his three sons, when his daughter was asked in marriage by a young man of Braubach. The parents gave their consent, and, wisely resolving to have but one home among them, he bought this old chateau, and converted it into the Hotel zur Phillipsburg; and here he and his wife have reposed under the spreading shadow of their posterity. "I am not rich," he said, "but I have enough. I thought myself happy; my life was gliding in the midst of my family and my vines; but man, with whom nothing lasts, should not call himself happy. Seven months ago my wife died"—the old man's eyes filled—"it was a sudden and a hard blow; we must bow before the stroke of the good God! My daughter has four children. I am their instructer. In my youth I was at college, and, afterward being engaged in commerce, I travelled: so I can teach them French, Dutch, and Italian. Certainly I am not a severe master; but they love me, and love can do more than fear. The youngest is sometimes too much for me. He is a superb boy, madame! When I say, 'Julius, come to your lessons!' he answers, 'Oh, it is too fine


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VI/Hymn 35

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VI/Hymn 35


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VI/Hymn 36

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VI/Hymn 36


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VI/Hymn 37

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book VI/Hymn 37


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190 weather to study; see how the sun shines, grandfather, and the boys are all at play,' and away he goes." You may think me as garrulous as the old man to repeat all this to you, since I cannot send with it this lovely scene in twilight, harmonizing so well with the twilight of his closing life.

I inquired into the condition of the poor in this neighbourhood. He says their poverty is extreme. They live on potatoes and some black bread; on Sunday they have, for a family, half a pound of meat. A woman with three or four children to support has a florin a month allowed her. Begging is prohibited, but they must subsist on charity. Every hotel has a poors' box, of which the magistrate keeps the key, and comes each month to take out and distribute the travellers' alms. He says that, whenever a poor woman of the village lies in, she is supplied for fifteen days from their plentiful table. God bless their basket and their store!

left Braubach this morning. The old grandfather and that youngest grandchild, "a superb boy," truly, came to the shore with us, and we exchanged cordial good wishes at parting.

As we pushed off in our little boat and looked up to the precipitous shore, it seemed, even while we gazed on them, incredible that the vines should be reached for cultivation there, where they hung like a


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Blackmore, Richard Doddridge

BLACKMORE, Richard Doddridge, English novelist: b. Longworth, Berkshire, 7 June 1825; d. 20 Jan. 1900. His father, curate of Longworth, and a graduate of Exeter College, Oxford, was a man of scholarly character; among his ancestors on his mother's side Blackmore numbered Philip Doddridge, the Non-Conformist divine. Blackmore was educated at Blundell's School at Tiverton and at his father's college, which he entered in 1843 with a good reputation for scholarship, and where he had a successful career. In one of his long vacations he began ‘The Maid of Sker,’ which was not published till 1872. He was graduated in 1847, with M.A. in 1852. In 1852 he married Miss Lucy Maguire, and while supporting himself in London read law in the Inner Temple. Admitted to the bar the same year, he had some success as a conveyancer, but finding London life detrimental to his health, gave up his work and in 1855 became classical master at Wellesley House School, Twickenham Common. In 1853 he published his first volume, ‘Poems by Melanter,’ and a little later ‘Epullia,’ also an anonymous volume of verses. In 1855 appeared ‘The Bugle of the Black Sea,’ and in 1860 ‘The Fate of Franklin.’ About this time a legacy from his uncle, the Rev. H. H. Knight, enabled him to build himself a substantial country house, Gomer House, at Tcddington, near Twickenham. Here he lived the rest of his life, devoting his mornings to the raising of fruits and flowers, famous for quality but costing him an average loss of £250 a year. The remainder of his time he gave over to literature. A translation of two of the Georgics of Virgil, entitled ‘The Farm and Fruit of Old’ (1862), was followed by ‘Clara Vaughan’ (1864) and ‘Cradock Nowell’ (1866), neither very successful novels. His third novel, ‘Lorna Doone’ (1869), after a somewhat slow start, became one of the great popular novels of the century; up to the time of Blackmore's death it had gone through nearly 50 editions, and has now assumed the place of a semi-classic. Uneven in structure, often prolix, exaggeratedly romantic, occasionally falling into a false metrical prose, it nevertheless continues to hold the interest of its readers through

the fine sense of the Devon country where the scene is laid, the very real and human country types and the essentially manly character of its hero, John Ridd. Up to the time of his death, Blackmore continued to produce novels at the rate of about two in five years. Of these the most important are ‘The Maid of Sker,’ regarded by the author as his best, ‘Springhaven’ (1887) which he thought superior to ‘Lorna Doone,’ ‘Alice Lorraine’ (1875), and ‘Cripps the Carrier’ (1876). The other titles are ‘Erema, or My Father's Sin’ (1877); ‘Mary Annerley’ (1880); ‘Christowell’ (1882); ‘The Remarkable History of Tommy Upmore’ (1884); ‘Kit and Kitty’ (1889); ‘Perleycross’ (1894); ‘Tales from the Telling House’ (1896), and ‘Dariel’ (1897). A volume of verse, ‘Fringilla’ (1895), completes the list of his published work. No life has as yet been published, and most of the commentary on him is to be found in magazine articles and reviews. See.


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Blackpool

BLACKPOOL, England, town and county borough of North Lancashire on the west coast, between the estuaries of the Ribble and Wyre, 27 miles southwest of Lancaster, which attracts an annual average of 100,000 visitors by its advantages as a watering place. It affords excellent accommodation for visitors in the numerous hotels, hydropathic establishments and lodging-houses, and consists of ranges of lofty houses about three miles long facing the sea, in front of which extends an excellent promenade and carriage drive. The town is abundantly supplied with theatres, concert rooms, fine winter gardens, aquarium, extensive pleasure-grounds, park of 60 acres, a great steel tower over 500 feet high a gigantic wheel and other attractions. There are a courthouse and three markets, several churches, six council schools, eight non-provided schools and one for higher education, libraries and newsrooms. Blackpool was incorporated as a municipal borough on 21 Jan. 1876, and as a county borough 1 Oct. 1904. Resident population 58,500.


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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive  : long disorder could produce worthwhile result end whether he considers compromise on status Cochinchina would possibly be reached through negotiation.

 * "May say American people have welcomed attainments Indochinese in efforts realize praiseworthy aspirations greater autonomy in framework democratic institutions and it would be regrettable should this interest and sympathy be imperilled by any tendency Vietnam administration force issues by intransigence and violence.

 * "May inform Ho [U.S. Ambassador, Paris] discussing situation French similar frankness....

 * "Avoid impression US Govt making formal intervention this juncture. Publicity any kind would be unfortunate."

In response to Under Secretary Acheson's telegram, the following was reported to Washington on December 17, 1946 — just before the outbreak of hostilities in Hanoi:

 * "After conversations with French and Vietnamese officials and British, Chinese and US Consuls Hanoi Mr. Abbot Moffat, who is at present in SEA, has developed views in which Consul Saigon occurs along the following lines:

 * "The Vietnam Government is in control of a small Communist group possibly in indirect touch with Moscow and direct touch with Yenan. A nationalist group is utilizing Communist party techniques and discipline with which they are familiar. The people are conservative landowners and attempts to communize the country are secondary and would await successful operation of a nationalist state. Apparently some leaders, like Ho Chi Minh, consider collaboration with the French essential; those like Giap (Vo Nguyen Giap, Minister of National Defense) would avoid collaboration fearing French domination but might not reject French influence and aid. Nationalist sentiment runs deep among the Vietnamese and does opposition to the French, and they might easily turn against all whites. French influence is important not only as an antidote to Soviet influence but to protect Vietnam and SEA from future Chinese imperialism. Delay in achieving a settlement will progressively diminish the possibility of ultimate French influence. Rh

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Rh

Mass there was a crowd. Both before and after it there was a great deal of talk of the theft. Everybody wanted to see the empty cellar, the broken door, the traces of the wheels.

Two bottles which had escaped the thieves disappeared into the pockets of one of the faithful. No one understood how the priest could have avoided noticing something; because he did assert without further explanation that he had heard nothing. The women were sorry for him, but the men for the most part admired the deed and laughed at the poor priest, who had the great fault, in their eyes, of being abstemious and not knowing how to mingle with people with that easy-going fraternity which comes only from emptying the wine glass together.

They laughed, especially during the sermon, at the deep frown on the priest's face, which they attributed to the empty cellar.

No one mentioned the Moro. Neither did he appear at St. Luke, either at the Mass or afterwards; so that poor Don Rocco was full of scruples and remorse, fearing that he had not conducted the affair properly. But quite late the police arrived, examined everything, and questioned the priest. Had he no suspicions? No, none. Where did he sleep? How did it happen


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64 that he had not heard? Really, he did not know himself; there had been people in the house. At what time? Some time between eleven and one o'clock. One of the police smiled knowingly, but Don Rocco, innocent as a child, did not notice it. The other one asked if he did not suspect a certain Moro, knowing, as they did, that shortly before eleven o'clock he had been seen going up to St. Luke. At once Don Rocco showed great fervor in protesting that the man was certainly innocent, and, somewhat pressed by questions, brought forth his great reason: it was precisely the Moro who had visited him at that hour, on his own business. "Perhaps it was not on the business that you think," said the policeman. "If you knew what I think!" Don Rocco did not know, and in his humble placidity did not wish to know. He never bothered himself with the thoughts of others. It was sufficiently difficult for him to get a little lucidity into his own. They asked him a few more questions, and then left, carrying with them the only object that they found in the cellar, a corkscrew, which the scrupulous Don Rocco was not willing, through the uncertainty of his memory, to claim as belonging to him, although he had paid his predecessor twice the value of it. And now his cellar and his conscience were equally clear.

Towards dusk on the same day Don Rocco


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Rh was reading the office, walking up and down for a little exercise without going far from the house. Who could tell? Perhaps that man might yet come. Every now and then Don Rocco would stop and listen. He heard nothing but the voices of wagon-drivers on the plain below, the noise of wheels, the barking of dogs. Finally there was a step on the little path that led down through the cypress trees; a step slow but not heavy, a lordly step, with a certain subdued creak of ecclesiastical shoes; a step which had its hidden meaning, expressing to the understanding mind a purpose which, though not urgent, was serious.

The gate opened, and Don Rocco, standing in the middle of the courtyard, saw the delicate, ironical face of Professor Marin.

The professor, when he perceived Don Rocco, came to a stand, with his legs well apart, his hands clasped behind his back, silently wagging his head and his shoulders from right to left, and smiling with an inexpressible mixture of condolence and banter. Poor Don Rocco on his side looked at him, also silent, smiling obsequiously, red as a tomato.

"The whole business, eh?" finally said the professor, cutting short his mimicry and becoming serious.

"Yes, the whole business," answered Don Rocco in sepulchral tones. "They did n't leave a drop."


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66 "Thunder!" exclaimed the other, stifling a laugh; and he came forward.

"It is nothing, nothing at all, you know, my son," said he with sudden good nature. "Give me a pinch. It is nothing," he continued, taking the snuff. "These are things that can be remedied. The Countess Carlotta has made so much wine that, as I say, for her a few casks more, a few casks less . . . You understand me! She is a good woman, my son, the Countess Carlotta; a good woman."

"Yes, good, good," mumbled Don Rocco, looking into his snuff-box.

"You are a lucky man, my dear," continued Marin, slapping him on the shoulder. "You are as well off here as the Pope."

"I am satisfied, I am satisfied," said Don Rocco, smiling and smoothing out his brows for a moment. It pleased him to hear these words from an intimate friend of the Countess Carlotta.

The professor gazed around admiringly as if he saw the place for the first time. "It is a paradise!" said he, letting his eyes pass along the dirty walls of the courtyard and then raising them to the fig tree picturesquely hidden under the bell-tower in the high corner between the gateway and the old convent.

"Only for that fig tree!" he added. "Is it not a beauty? Does it not express the poetry of the southern winter, tepid and quiet? It is like


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Rh a word of sweetness, of happy innocence, tempering the severity of the sacred walls. Beautiful!"

Don Rocco looked at his fig tree as if he saw it for the first time. He was fond of it, but he had never suspected that it possessed such wonderful qualities.

"But it gives little figs," said he, in the tone of a father who hears his son praised in his presence and rejoices, but says something severe lest he become puffed up, and also to hide his own emotion. Then he invited the professor to make himself at home in the house.

"No, no, my dear," answered the professor, silently laughing at that phrase about the little figs. "Let us take a short stroll: it is better."

Passing slowly across the courtyard, they came out into the vineyard, whose festoons crowned both declivities of the hill, and they passed along the easy, grassy ascent between one declivity and the other.

"It is delicious!" said the professor.

Between the immense cold sky and the damp shadows of the plain the last glimpses of light were softly dying away on the grayish hill, on the red vines, all at rest. The air was warm and still.

"Is all this yours?" asked the professor.

Don Rocco, perhaps through humility, perhaps through apprehension of what the immediate future might bring, kept silence.


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68 "Make up your mind to stay here, my son," continued he. "I know very well, believe me, there is not another place as fortunate as this in the whole diocese."

"Well, as for me! . . ." began Don Rocco.

Professor Marin stopped.

"By the way!" said he, "Countess Carlotta has spoken to me. Look here, Don Rocco! I really hope that you will not be foolish!"

Don Rocco gazed savagely at his feet.

"Goodness!" continued the professor. "Sometimes the countess is impossible, but this time, my dear son, she is right. You know that I speak frankly. You are the only one here who does not know these things. It is a scandal, my son! The whole village cries out against it."

"I have never heard, I have not . . ." mumbled Don Rocco.

"Now I tell you of it myself! and the countess has told you more than once."

"You know what I answered her last night?"

"They were absurd things that you said to her."

At this blow Don Rocco shook himself a little, and with his eyes still lowered spoke up eagerly in his own defence.

"I answered according to my convictions, and now I cannot change."

He was humble-hearted, but here was a question of justice and truth. To speak according to truth,


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Rh according to what one believes to be the truth, is a duty; therefore, why did they persecute him?

"You cannot change?" said the professor, bending over him and fixing on his face two squinting eyes. "You cannot change?"

Don Rocco kept silent.

The professor straightened up and started on his walk again.

"Very well," he said, with ostentatious quiet. "You are at liberty to do so."

He suddenly turned to Don Rocco, who was following him with heavy steps.

"Gracious!" he exclaimed with annoyance, "do you really think that you have in your house a regular saint? Do you take no account of the gossip, of the scandal? To go against the whole country, to go against those who give you your living, to go against your own good, against Providence, for that creature? Really, if I did not know you, my dear Don Rocco, I would not know what to think."

Don Rocco squirmed, winking furiously, as if he were fighting against secret anguish, and breathless, as if words were trying to break forth involuntarily.

"I cannot change; it is just that," said he when he got through his grimaces. "I cannot."

"But why, in the name of heaven?"

"Because I cannot, conscientiously."

Don Rocco finally raised his eyes. "I have


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70 already told the countess that I cannot go against justice."

"What justice! Your justice is blind, my dear. Blind, deaf, and bald. And if you said a foolish thing yesterday do you wish to repeat it again to-day? And if you do not believe what is said of Lucia are there lacking reasons for sending away a servant? Send her away because she does not take the spots off your coat, because she does not darn your stockings. Anything! Send her away because she cooks your macaroni without sauce, and your squash without salt."

"The real reason would always be the other one," answered Don Rocco gloomily.

Even Professor Marin could not easily answer an argument of this kind. He could only mumble between his teeth: "Holy Virgin, what a pig-head!"

They reached the few consumptive cypresses along the ridge that led from the hill to another still higher hill. There they stopped again; and the professor, who was fond of Don Rocco on account of his simple goodness, and also because he could make him the butt of amiable banter, made him sit down by his side on the grass, and attempted a final argument, seeking in every way to extract from him his reasons for continuing so long to believe in the innocence of Lucia; but he did not succeed in getting at any result. Don Rocco kept always referring to what he had


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Rh said the evening before to Countess Carlotta, and repeated that he could not change.

"Then, good-bye St. Luke, my son," said the resigned Marin.

Don Rocco began to wink furiously, but said not a word.

"The Countess Carlotta was expecting you today," said the professor, "but you did not go to her. She therefore charged me to tell you that if you did not immediately consent to send away Lucia on the first of December, you will be free for the new year, and even before if you wish."

"I cannot leave before Christmas," said Don Rocco timidly. "The parish priest always needs assistance at that time."

The professor smiled.

"What do you suppose?" said he. "That Countess Carlotta has n't a priest ready and waiting? Think it over, for there is still time."

Don Rocco communed with himself. It rarely happened that he went through so rapid a process of reasoning. Granted, that this woman was a cause for scandal in the country, and that the countess had another priest at her disposal, the decision to be taken was obvious.

"Then," he answered, "I will leave as soon as possible. My father and my sister were to come and visit me one of these days. So that now it will be I who will visit them instead."

He even had in his heart the idea of taking


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72 this woman away from the village with him. His people had no need of a servant, and he, if he delayed finding a place, would not be able to keep her. But certain reasonable ideas, certain necessary things, never reached his heart, and reached his head very late, and when they did Don Rocco would either give himself a knock on the forehead, or a scratch behind, as if it bothered him.

In returning to St. Luke the professor told how the police were in search of the Moro, who was suspected as an accomplice in a recent highway murder, certain authors of which had fallen that very morning into the hands of justice. Don Rocco heard this not without satisfaction; for he now was able to explain why the man had not come. "Who knows," he made bold to say, "that he may not have gone away, and that he may not return? And then all this gossip will come to an end. Do you not think so?"

"Yes, my dear," answered the professor, who understood the point of his discourse, "but you know the Countess Carlotta. Henceforth whether the Moro goes or remains is of no consequence to her. Lucia must be dismissed."

Don Rocco said no more, neither did the professor. The former accompanied the latter as far as the church cypresses, stood looking after him until he disappeared at the end of the lane, and then returned, sighing, to his house.


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Rh Later, when, bending under the weight of his cloak, he was passing, lamp in hand, through the entry leading to the choir of St. Luke, his doubt of the previous night came up again violently. "Had it really been a confession?" He stopped in the shadow of the deserted entry, looking at the lamp, giving vent for a moment to the sweet, tempting thoughts of the inert spirit. "Were he to take some pretext to send the woman away, to live and die in peace in his St. Luke." All at once his heart began to beat fiercely. These were thoughts from the devil. In the same way as perhaps in ancient times and in the same place some monk, tormented by heated nocturnal visions of love and of pleasure, may have done, Don Rocco made hastily the sign of the cross, hastened to the choir, and became immersed in a devout reading of the prayer-book.

days after, at the same hour, Don Rocco was praying before the altar of the Virgin, under the pulpit.

He was on the eve of leaving St. Luke for ever. He had agreed with the Countess Carlotta to give as an excuse a brief absence, a visit of a couple of weeks to his old father; and to write afterwards that for family reasons he could not return, and then this had happened that the poor


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74 old peasant, before learning of the new state of affairs, had written, asking for assistance; and Don Rocco had been obliged to sell some furniture as well to save cost of transportation as in order not to arrive home with empty hands. He was returning with the intention of remaining as short a time as possible, and of going away as chaplain wherever it pleased the Curia to which he had directed his request.

No certain information had been secured, either of the wine or of the thieves; but suspicions were rife against a woman who kept an inn, a new favorite of the Moro, who was thought to have received the wine. The Moro was said by some to have fled, by others to have gone into hiding. It seemed as if the police were of the second opinion. They came and went, searching everywhere, but always uselessly.

Lucia had returned, and for several days had behaved in an unusual and peculiar manner. She neglected her work, was brusque with her master, and wept without apparent motive. One evening she went out, saying that she intended going to the parish church to say her prayers. At nine o'clock Don Rocco, as she had not returned, went philosophically to bed, and never knew at what time she came into the house. On the contrary, he congratulated himself the next day on the happy change that had taken place in her, owing to her religious exercises, because she


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Rh seemed no longer as she had been, but was quiet, attentive, active, spoke with satisfaction of the approaching departure, the position which Don Rocco hoped to find for her with a certain archpriest, a friend of his; a promotion for her. She seemed to be possessed of an entirely novel ascetic zeal. As soon as Don Rocco retired for the night, she would go to church to spend there hour after hour.

And now, Don Rocco had taken his last supper in the monastic refectory, was reading his breviary for the last time in the little church of St. Luke, as rustic, simple, and religious as he, from its pavement to the black beams of its roof. His heart was heavy, poor priest, thus to leave his nest without honor; to carry humiliation and bitterness to his father and his sister, whose only hope and pride he was! He had every reason to frown as he looked at his breviary.

When he had finished reading, he took his seat on a bench. It was painful to him to take leave of his church. It was his last evening! He stood there with fixed eyes, his eyelids moving regularly, discouraged, cast down, like a stricken beast awaiting the axe. He had passed some hours of the afternoon among his vines, those planted three years before, which had already given him their first fruit. The large cypresses, the splendid view of the plain and of the other hillsides, inspired him with not a single dream;


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76 his peasant's heart grew tender toward the beautiful vines, the fertile furrows. Though blushing and ashamed of it, he had taken a sprig of a vine and an ear of corn to carry away as mementos. This was his poetry. Of the church he could carry away nothing. But he left there his heart, a little everywhere; on the altar that had witnessed his first exposition of the Gospel, on the ancient altar front that inspired him with devotion as he said Mass, on the beautiful Madonna, whose mantle had been modestly raised around her neck by his care, on the tomb of a bishop to whom, two centuries before, the peace of St. Luke had seemed preferable to worldly splendors. Who could tell whether he would ever have again a church so his own entirely his own? He could not seem to rise, he felt an inner sense of dissolution, of which he had never dreamed. His eyelids kept on winking as if bidding away importunate tears. In fact, he did not weep, but his little eyes shone more than usual.

At half-past nine Lucia entered the church through the choir to look after her master. "I am coming at once, at once, go back," said Don Rocco.

He believed himself alone in the church, but had he bent his head back he might have seen something unusual. Very slowly a human head showed itself in the pulpit by the light of the petroleum lamp and looked down upon the priest.


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Rh It had the diabolic eyes of the Moro set in a shaven ecclesiastical face. The head rose up in the shadow, two long arms made in the air a violent gesture of impatience. At the same time Don Rocco repeated to the woman who stood hesitating: "Go back, go back, I am coming at once."

She went out.

Then the priest got up from his bench and went up to the high altar. The human figure in the pulpit came down again, and went rapidly into hiding. Don Rocco turned around so as to stand in cornu epistolæ, toward the empty benches, imagined them full of people, of his people of every Sunday, and a spirit of eloquence entered into him.

"I bless you all," said he in a strong voice. "I wish that you were all present, but that is not possible, because I must not let any one know. I bless you all, and ask you to pardon me if I have been wanting. Gloria Dei cum omnibus vobis."

The temptation was too strong for a certain person to resist. A cavernous voice resounded through the empty church:

"Amen."

Don Rocco remained breathless, with his hands in the air.

"Hurry up," said the servant, returning. "Do you not remember that you must leave out your cloak and your clothes?"


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78 Poor Don Rocco was not well found in clothes, for he carried on his back omnia bona sua, and there was sewing to be done and spots to be taken out, according to Lucia, before the journey of the next morning. Don Rocco descended from the altar without answering and went all through the church, lowering the lamp between all the benches and confessionals.

"What is it; what are you looking for?" asked the servant, anxiously coming along behind him. For a while Don Rocco did not answer.

"I said a few words of prayer," he said finally, "and I heard some one answer 'Amen.'"

"You fancied so." replied Lucia. "It must have been a trick of the imagination."

"No, no," said Don Rocco. "I really heard the 'Amen.' It seemed to be a voice from under the earth. A great big voice. It did not seem that of a man, but rather of a bull."

"It may have been the bishop," suggested the woman. "Isn't there a bishop buried here? Such things have been heard of."

Don Rocco kept silent. In his simplicity, in his innate disposition to faith, he was inclined to willingly believe anything supernatural, especially if connected with religion. The more astonishing it was, the more did he in sign of reverence knit his brows and drink it in devoutly.

"Now let us go," said the woman. "It is


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Rh late, you know, and I have considerable work to do."

"Let us at least recite a pater, an ave, and a gloria to St. Luke," said Don Rocco. "It is the last evening that I say my prayers here. I must leave a salute." He spoke of a pater, and an ave, and a gloria; but he strung along at least a dozen, finding as many reasons to salute other saints of his particular acquaintance. One was to promote the eternal salvation of the two devotees, one their temporal salvation, one the grace to conquer temptations, one a suitable position, one a good death, and another a good journey. The last pater was recited by Don Rocco with remarkable fervor for the complete conversion of a sinful soul. Had the priest been less absorbed in his paters he might, perhaps, have heard after the fourth or fifth some smothered ejaculations of that humorous bishop who had perpetrated the "Amen." But he heard only Lucia answering him with much devotion, and was touched to the heart by it.

A few moments after he was still meditating, in the dark, in the wretched little bed of his cell, on the salutary and evident effects of the divine grace which he had sought in the sacraments. He meditated also on the action of the Moro, on the ray of light that had shone into that dark conscience, harbinger, if nothing less, of better and lasting light. And in his mystic


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80 he saw the design of Providence which recompensed him for a sacrifice which he had suffered for duty's sake. It was a blessing to think of that, to know that he was losing all his few earthly possessions for such a recompense. He offered up also the sorrow of his father and his sister, his own humiliation, the straitened circumstances in which he should find himself. He saw in front of his bed, through the window, the vague, far-off brightness of the sky, his hope, his end. Little by little his eyes closed, in a delicious sense of confidence and peace. He slept profoundly.

was not yet entirely awake when the clock of St. Luke struck half-past seven. Immediately after the bells also rang, because Don Rocco had the day before notified the boy accustomed to serve him at Mass that he would meet him at about eight o'clock. He jumped out of bed, and went to get the clothes that Lucia was to have placed outside the door. Nothing there. He called once, twice, three times. No answer. Perplexed, he returned to his room and called out of the window: "Lucia! Lucia!" Perfect silence. Finally the little sacristan appeared. He had not seen Lucia. He had come to get the keys of the church, had found the gate of


text:
The Indian Corn Planter

 * "The Indian Corn Planter" in Flint and Feather, 3rd ed., by E. Pauline Johnson (1914)
 * "The Indian Corn Planter" in Canadian Singers and Their Songs (ed.) by Edward S. Caswell (1919)

title: The Indian Corn Planter


text:
Canada

 * Canada, a poem by Emily Pauline Johnson
 * "Canada" in Problems of Empire by Thomas Allnutt Brassey

title: Canada


text: The Works of J. W. von Goethe/Volume 2

title: The Works of J. W. von Goethe/Volume 2


text:
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Rh


text:
Good-Bye

 * "Good-Bye", a poem by Ada Cambridge
 * "Good-Bye", a poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson
 * "Good-Bye", a poem by Emily Pauline Johnson
 * "Goodbye", a poem by Noel Rosa
 * "Good-bye!", a poem by Dora Sigerson Shorter
 * "Good-Bye", a poem by Walter de la Mare
 * "Good-Bye", a song by Francesco Paolo Tosti and George John Whyte-Melville.

title: Good-Bye


text:
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 words of the twenty-seventh Canto, that he, Virgil, has hid this double-horned flame depart; addressing the spirit of Ulysses in the Lombard dialect.

I will take the liberty of reading from my own prose translation:—

 * Now was the flame pointing straight up and (was) still, through not speaking any more, and already was it moving away from us with the permission of the gentle Poet; when another (flame) that was coming on behind it, made us turn our eyes towards its crest, by reason of a confused sound that was issuing from it.

By dritta in su we are to understand that the flame had ceased to wave about (crollarsi, XXVI., 86), and was directing its point straight up in the air. By queta is meant that it was no longer giving forth a sound (mormorando, Ib. 85).

The familiar accents of the North Italian tongue have attracted the attention of another shade, who, coming under the arch over which the Poets are leaning, entreats them to pause for a moment and converse with him. Dante compares the confused jumble of sounds within the flame, to the howls of anguish of the Athenian artificer Perillus, who, having invented a brazen bull in which Phalaris, the tyrant of Agrigentum, could roaat his condemned prisonera, was informed that he should himself be the first to teach the bull to bellow; and thus was the engineer "hoist with his own petard," Perillus being the first victim of his own invention.

 * As the Sicilian bull, which had bellowed first with the moaning of him—and that was right—who had fashioned it with his file, bellowed with the voice of the sufferer, with such reality, that notwithstanding it was made of brass, yet did it seem transfixed with agony.

In the brazen bull there was no outlet for the voice, so that the cries of the victim made an inarticulate sound,

title: Page:The Contrasts in Dante.djvu/19


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 and Dante now shows that the voice proceeding from the tormented shade was of the same description:—

 * "So (here the words of woe, from not having at their commencement any vent or outlet from the fire, changed themselves into its language. But after that they had found their way up through the point, imparting to it that vibration which the tongue (of the imprisoned shade) had imparted to them in their passage (through its lips), we heard say: "O thou to whom I direct my voice, and who wast but now speaking Lombard, saying: 'Now get thee gone, no longer do I urge thee': though I may perchance have come a little late, let it not irk thee to stop and talk with me : See it irks not me, and I am burning."

It was Virgil's voice that the spirit had heard speaking Lombard. In fact he probably did not know that Virgil had a companion, for in that mondo cieco everything was concealed from his view. The difficulty of articulation on the part of these sinners seems to have been somewhat analogous to that of the Suicides in Inf. XIII., who had no power of utterance until blood flowing from a wound carried their voices with it.

The shade now continues to call up to Virgil, asking him if he is Italian, because if so, they are fellow-countrymen, he himself being from the Romagna, as to the dissensions in which he asks for news.

 * "If thou art but now fallen into this blind world from that sweet Latin land, from which I bring all my guilt, tell me if the Romagnoles have peace or war; for I was from that mountain region there between Urbino and the chain from which the Tiber is unlocked (i.e., takes its source)."

Dante calls all Italians south of the Po, Latini; and all to the north of it, Lombardi. He never once uses the term Italiani. Time will not allow of my quoting the references

title: Page:The Contrasts in Dante.djvu/20


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 (Convivio IV., 28, 61 et seq.; and Inf. XXII., 65). The hill country of Montefeltro lies between Urbino and Monte Coronaro in the Apennines, where is the source of the Tiber. The speaker is the former great Ghibelline leader, Count Guido da Montefeltro, one of the most prominent figures in the highly-complicated history of the Italian States in the time of Dante. He died in 1398, and according to some, was buried at Assisi, where, two years before, he had entered the Franciscan Order. Some have wondered why Dante in his earlier work, the Convivio, had so extolled a man, whom in this passage he depicts in such black colours. Possibly Dante spoke in Guido's praise before he became acquainted with the infamy of his deceitful counsel to the Pope. Let us take this view, and suppose that Dante was not sorry to bring to light one of the dark deeds that would blacken the memory of his old enemy Boniface VIII. He would seem too to relate with a certain amount of complacency the sins of Count Guido, who, while the ostensible head of the Ghibelline party, was constantly vacillating between the Papal Court and the Empire. No one can read this Canto without perceiving that there is wrath in Dante's soul against the man whose deeds were less those of the lion than of the fox.

In Dante's progress through the Inferno, it is noticeable that in any interview with Spirits of antiquity, Virgil is always the spokesman, and in the preceding Canto, when Dante had expressed a wish that he and Virgil should converse with the double-horned flame enclosing the souls of Ulysses and Diomede, Virgil had given an assent, conditional on being himself the one to address them. He now releases Dante from this imposed silence, and urges him to reply to the shade of Guido da Montefeltro. Dante would appear to have foreseen that he was to be the speaker, and is quite ready. He gives a terrible picture of the dissensions in the various great cities of the Romagna, and of the sufferings they are undergoing at the hands of their respective tyrants. The limits of this lecture will

title: Page:The Contrasts in Dante.djvu/21


text:
Vagabond

 * A Vagabond, a short story by Guy de Maupassant
 * "The Vagabond", a poem by Edith C. Bates
 * "The Vagabond", a poem by Henry Lawson
 * "The Vagabond", a poem by Robert Louis Stevenson
 * "The Vagabond", a work by Julian Thomas
 * "The Vagabonds", a poem by E. Pauline Johnson
 * "The Vagabonds, or The Pack of Ragamuffins", Brothers Grimm tale: KMH 10
 * "The Vagabonds", a poem by John Townsend Trowbridge

title: Vagabond


text:
Christmastide

 * "Christmastide", a poem by E. Pauline Johnson
 * "Christmastide", a poem by H. P. Lovecraft

title: Christmastide


text:
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 not admit of our doing more than giving a mere glance at this part of the Canto, as our subject this evening is not what Dante relates to Count Guido, but what Guido relates to Dante:—

 * I was still listening attentively, and bent down (over the bridge), when my Leader touched me on the side, saying: "Speak thou, this is an Italian." And I who had my answer already prepared, without delay began to speak: "Spirit, that art hidden down there, thy Romagna is not, nor ever was, without war in the hearts of her tyrants, but open (war) I recently left there none."

There were at that time at least two rival factions in every city of the Romagna, which province became the prey of a number of petty local tyrants.

In the description that follows here, of the arms of the reigning princes of Ravenna, Forlì, and Rimini, Dante has evidently intended to draw a marked distinction. The Eagle of the Da Polenta covers Ravenna and Cervia under its feathers, as a bird does its own brood, implying that the rule of the Da Polenta was a paternal and beneficent government, whereas by the rapacious claws of the Ordelaffi lion at Forlì, and by the pitiless fangs of the Malatesta mastiff at Rimini, a detestable tyranny is plainly indicated.

 * The city (la terra) which not long since endured the protracted struggle (i.e., siege), and of the Frenchmen made a gory pile, still finds itself under the Green Paws.

The arms of the Ordelaffi were a Lion, Vert, on a field, Or. After a long siege (lunga prova) which the City of Forlì sustained against an army principally of Frenchmen under the leadership of the Comte Jean de Apia, sent by Pope Martin IV., Count Guido da Montefeltro led the enemy into a craftily-devised trap and defeated them with tremendous slaughter (sanguinoso mucchio). One of the meanings of terra in the Middle Ages was

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text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part I.djvu/213

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive :"The honesty of both French and Vietnamese officials is questionable in connection with recent incidents. O'Sullivan (U.S. Vice-Consul, Hanoi) believes the Vietnamese were responsible for the November 20 incident, but it seems clear that with a different French commander at Haiphong than Colonel Debes, who is notorious for graft and brutality and who has admitted that he cannot control his own troops, the trouble might have been confined to the original incidents.

 * "According to the French, the Vietnamese enlarge their claims after each agreement and are so impractical and doctrinaire that all conversations are ineffectual.The Vietnamese feel that the French renege on each agreement and are trying to reestablish control. However, both say they have approximately the same objectives, although Giap says Vietnam opposes a political Indochinese federation but favors a federation dealing with common economic problems. Moffat has mentioned to the French three apparent basic troubles: (a) complete mutual distrust, (b) failure of the French to resolve their own views on 'free state within French Union', (c) almost childish Vietnamese attitude and knowledge of economic questions and vague groping for 'independence'. Agreement cannot be reached by trying to reach accords on incidental problems. Basic Vietnam powers and relations with France must first be established. Not only new faces are needed but neutral good offices or even mediation may be essential."

The U.S. official position remained essentially unchanged thereafter. A few months later, after fighting broke out in North Vietnam, Secretary of State Marshall stated that:

 * "Furthermore, Action Brit in India and Burma and Dutch in Indonesia are outstanding examples this

Rh

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text:
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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive  : trend, and French themselves took cognizance of it both in new Constitution and in their agreements with Vietnam. Fact does remain, however, that a situation does exist in Indochina which can no longer be considered, if it ever was considered, to be of a local character.

In May, 1949, Dean Acheson, then Secretary of State, instructed the U.S. representative in Hanoi to warn Vietnamese nationalists against any acceptance of a coalition with Ho and the Viet Minh:

 * "You may take following line as representing consensus informed Americans:

 * "In light Ho's known background, no other assumptions possible but that he outright Commie so long as (1) he fails unequivocally repudiate Moscow connections and Commie doctrine and (2) remains personally singled out for praise by internat'l Commie press and receives its support. Moreover, US not impressed by nationalist character red flag with yellow stars. Question whether Ho as much nationalist as Commie is irrelevant. All Stalinists in colonial areas are nationalists. With achievement nat'l aims (i.e., independence) their objective necessarily becomes subordination state to Commie purposes and ruthless extermination not only opposition groups but all elements suspected even slightest deviation. On basis examples eastern Eur it must be assumed such wld be goal Ho and men his stamp if included Baodai Govt. To include them in order achieve reconciliation opposing polit elements and QTE national unity UNQTE wld merely postpone settlement issue whether Vietnam to be independent nation or Commie satellite until circumstances probably even less favorable nationalists than now. It must of course be conceded theoretical possibility exists estab National Communist state on pattern Yugoslavia in any

Rh

title: Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part I.djvu/214


text:
Page:Scientific American - Series 1 - Volume 008 - Issue 29.pdf/3

 5citutific americau. I was recently in Cincinnati for the purpose of getting a pair of my rotary engines manu factured for my own use, 'It Mitch6lsville, to be applied to a merchant flouring mill, and also one for a gentleman of Grason County, Texas, for a saw-mill. But failing to make any satisfactory arrangements to get them A meeting 01 the St. Andrews and Quebec increased eight-fold within the last three years. One house made in 1848 only 15 en- Railway Co. was held at London on the 24th gines, but in 1851 finished n o less than 294. ult. The Directors' Report was regarded as The same results hold good with respect to satisfactory and adopted. ==--other improved agricultural implements.A joint stock company has been formed to One maker turns out 5 threshing machines a week; another who made only 56 machines work the Middletown, Conn., silver mines. in 1849 and 1850, turned out 192 in the last I ts capital is $60,000. The mines are said to made, I procured reciprocating engines for 2 1 months. be very rich. the purposes specified. Embarking in the flouring mill business (I think permanently) OTIS' MORTISING, BORING, AND HUB-MORTISING I shall probably abandon all further attempts MACHINE. to introduce my plan of rotary engine. Could they be properly made, and the facilities for Rotary Steam Engine��

227 connected together by the ornamental brace, T, to which the boring brace, U, is attached , thus causing all the upper work to move in or out together, lor any thickness of stuff, and also keeping the back and front boring shafts the same relative distance from each other. By this arrangem.mt the chisel and auger are al ways in range, so that the chisel follows

1

the auger, which in mortising hard wood is very desirable. They are held in any desired position by thumb screws not seen in the en graving. The boring shatt is operated by a belt com

their manufacture be of the best order, and well systematized, their cost would be less, than that 01 other engines of equal power, and for many purposes I would strongly recom mend them. The want of capital, to thus es tablish their manufacture, is an effectual bar rier to my further progress in the business. Being well satisfied that my rotary is the world's last hope, and that any material de viation from my plan, as at present matured will prove abortive, I feel a strong sympathy for those, not in possession of my experience, who are attempting to invent and mature a rotary steam engine. They will have much to learn, and their know ledge will cost them

ing up from d pulley, T, through friction pul leys, to the short shaft at the back ot the ma

chine, on the end of which is a pulley not seen in the engraving. This short shaft hangs

in a brace attached to the ends of the guide bolts, and moving in and out witn them. This pulley is made a tight or a loose pulley by a clutch, the shifter of which is seen, at W, thus causing the pulley at X, with its belt " running to the boring shaft to revolve at plea sure. The boring shatt is brought down by the rod, Y, and the treadle, Z, and retracted by the spring, &, and operates with a speed

too dear. An attempt to excel, materially, the reciprocating engine, in point of economy, by substituting a rotary, is chimerical. I claim for my engine cheapness. compactness, and uniformity of action, and economy in the use of steam, equal to the reciprocating engine. Its objectionable features, in its present state of maturity, are not of any prominent charac ty to derangement by expansion and contrac tion of metal, and the yielding or displace ter ; the most obvious of which is its liabili

ment of adjusting screws employed in main taimng the 'steam wheels in their proper po sition. To a person experienced in running one, these difficulties are of small moment. J. A. STEWART. Mitchellsville, Tenn., March 9, 1853. New Route Proposed.

and precision unkno wn in any other kind of boring machines. The bed, 1, in which the stuff is bored or mortised, is adjustable, being raised or lowered at pleasure for any width of stuff, by the hand wheel and bolt at 2, or made to work on any bevel required by the bevel sweep and nut at 3. The stnff is held back against a guard, and held down by regu lating scre ws at 4 4. A graduated scale of prices is charged ac cording to what sort of machine is required, for the boring and mortising app<tratu8 can be had separately, as well as with or without the hub rigging, and also adapted for hand work or horse power.

Ful! particulars of which can be had on ap plication to Otis & Cottle, Syracuse, N. Y. Dr. Hereford, of Washington, in a commu nication which appears in the " Alexandria Gazette," thinks that too much physic has been an error in the management of scarla tina. He says, during t hirty years' practice, Treatment of Scarlet Fever.

Capt. Synge, of the Roval Engineers, has laid a proposition before the Geographical So cietY oCEngland'f(ft' 1t'-JeW' ilast India route by way of the St. Lawrence and the great lakes, with their extension chain including Rainy C.eek, Lake of the Woods, and Winne peg, with the rivers which fall into the latter lake on the eastern slope of the Rocky Moun tains ; thence the route continues westwardly to Vancouver's Sound. There are now on this route fifteen hundred miles of inland na vigation, soon to be extended four hundred miles by the construction of the Saut St. Mary

he has found that the less active medicine h e used, t h e greater was h i s success in t h e treat ment of thiS disease. He disclaims any mo

tives of vanity or selt-interest in his state ment. His treatment is described as follows: " In conclusion I will say, my treatment of scarlet fever is very simple . Open the bow els regularly every day with some mild ape rient medicine, such as castor oil, senna, &c., and keep the patient at rest and comfortably warm ; sponge the surface with tepid water

of the sea. The advantages claimed are, that it is three thousand miles nearer than any other mail route to Australia ; the inland por tion lies entirely within British territory, and instead of requirinl sixty or eighty days for transit, would only require forty to fifty.

Canal ; and the same may be extended by occasional artificial connections almost to the base of the Rocky Mountains. which are re presented to be at that point but fourteen hun:lred and fifty eight feet above the level

two or three times a day ; while it is hotter than natural admit tresh air ; live on a bland diet, such as a cupfull of arrowroot, several times a day ; toast water for common drink. Gargles made of strong sage tea, honey, and alum, or borax, may be Ilsed from the com mencement, if the throat is affected." Cure for the Bee Moth Ravage��

jurisdictior. of Justices of the Peace, from and after the 24th o f February. It authorizes any County Court or City Council in the State, to subscribe to any rail way, and to pay their installments by an is

The above is a perspective view ot Otis' o n the [chisel :od because the centre of the Mortising and Boring Machine in combina pin in the sliding fulcrum, L, ,IS cut away, Missouri Railway Law. The law authorizes any number o. persons, tion. A represents the mortising or chisel thus causing the centres of motion to be di rectly over each other, and of cO!lrse giving not less than' six, to constlUct a railroad in shaft, B, the boring or auger shaft. The mortising is con!lected with the power, no motion to the chisel rod. To bring the that State. It fixes the gauge, or width between the and operated bv it in the following manner : chisel rod into play the foot is pressed down The side rods, C, one of which is seen in on the treadle, M, which carries down the rails, of all the railroads, at 5 feet 6 inches. It exempts all existing railways from the the engraving is connected with the long lever, N, and the chain that is connected to it yoke, D, at the top of the chisel rod, by an adjustable joint, with jam nuts to hold all fast together and keep the side rods ot equal length. The two yokes, D and E, are con nected together by short eye bolts, which sue of bonds, or by special taxation. And give the yokes full play, yet causing the they may,put in their swamp and o verflowed chisel rod, yokes, &c., to move together in lands, internal improvements and other funds. forcing the chisel down into the wood, and to

Any county or city levying a railway tax, are to issue receipts to the tax payers, which are assignable, and convertible into stock of the company to which subscription is made. The law contains many other provisions end to a short slide, G, which plays in a groove in the bottom 01 the frame work, H H important to Missouri railway enterprizes. z:::::= H H H, by a screw. The slide, G, has a steel Agricultural Machinery. pin in it which plays in a groove in the mov As an instance of the improvement in agri able levers, I I, that are connected by the culture now in progress, it may be mentioned' pitman, J, to the balance wheel, K, the ba that the makers ot steam engines for agricul lance wheel causing the levers to make a full P"'1"' in E, .... d, h", in "m, _ stroke at every revolution, but not operating

that passes over the little chain pulley, 0, to the sliding fulcrum, L, thus causing the slid ing fulcrum with the movable lever, I I, to slide forward on the rods, P P, over the steel pin in the slide, G, and of course carrying down pin and slide rods and chisel rod with it, d allowing the chisel to� rturn again to the same level at every stroke ; mortising, of retract the same by the help of the steel course, deeper and deeper as the levers slide spring, F, there is a provision likewise for di or the resistance is moved further from the minishing the friction between them. fulcrum and nearer th power. The sliding The rods, C, are connected at the lower fulcrum is brought back to its former position by the chain passing from the sliding fulcrum over the chain pulley, Q, to the dead weight R, when the pressure of the foot is removed, thus bringing it into full stroke, or five inch es, or stopping the chisel at the option of the operator. The chisel rod passes through the guide bolts, S S, the balls of which are lined with babbitt metal. Said guide bolts are

The " Mobile Tribune " savs :-" Such of our readers as are engaged in the bee culture will be glad to learn that a remedy has been discovered which effectually prevents the ra vages of the bee moth. The frequent and se rious injury caused by this pestiferous insect, has deterred many persons from e ntering into the business of raising bees, more especially as in some localities the ravages have been so great as nearly to destroy both bees and ho ney. The plan is this :-split joints of cane through the centre and arrange them o n the four sides of the hive, with the split side rest ing on the platform. The moth, instead of depositing its eggs under the edge of the hive, will lay them under the split cane. From these depositories they may be removed and

destroyed as often as necessary with little trouble. A friend informs us that he knows the plan has been tried and found entirelf suc cessful." Georgia is a model State. She has 860 miles of railroad in operation. Her credit is of the highest order, her six per cent. bonds selling at the highest premium, and she now gives Ilotice of her readiness t o pay the inte"" "ih" ....d. fu, tho ",x, ox =nth advance. =

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 r.228 Measmes to s ecur e a patent for the above have been taken by Benjamin Irving, of Gre e np o i nt, L. I. This form of boiler has great merits in the essential point-of consi derable h eat ing surface in a small compass, whilat a small quantity of water suffices to cover the heated plate, and in consequence steam is rapidly generated. But although Improved Steam Boiler.

piece of a reciprocating frame, and which are sists in the use ot an elastic coupling for joining Catawba Grape�. raised or depressed by turning a crank so that a flexible tube of any material that conducts The " Boson Transcript " has received the log can be adjusted with fa cil i ty. the gas from the ordinary burner to a port 1- some Catawba grapes in an excellent state of ble article of the same kind. The coupling preservation that were kept by being laid on Portable Ga. Light. is compressed tightly between two metallic a table, in a cool airy place, and covering An im p rov e d apparatus of the above de discs, and has a hole in its centre to allow of them with cotton batting. This is a simple scription has been invented by John Power, the insertion of differently sized bur::ers, and easy process and worth remembering by of Brooklyn, N. Y., wh o has taken measures which are held firmly in their place by the cultivators of this excellent variety of the to secure a patent. The ilPprovement co n - above-mentioned mean s. grape the co ming seaso n.

Stimfific amtticau

., I

IMPROVED MAOHINE FOR DRYING OLOTH.---Fig. 1.

quick in operation it is emphatically a safe boiler, as the system of circulation, which is one of its leading traits enables a very small quantity of water to keep the flue plates from injury. It is, however, almost impossible for the water level to b e reduced by accident to such a d e g r e e as to be dangerous, aud more over the form is so strong th a t braces or stays are not l'eq uired. The outer sh e ll consists ot a vertical cyl incer containing a smaller on e nearly as h igh, the annular s p ace thus formed is closed at each end by a plate, whilst a s e ries of flue tubes a r e a rr an ged inside the an nulAr space. Each cyl il!d er te r m i na te s at t h e ing th e inner dome (w hich i s the steam cham

top in a do me, that of th e outer cy li nd er touch

Y., has taken measures to secure a patent for ing, is left smooth. improvements in Reapers or Harvesting Ma chines. These improvements consist in a pe culiar construction and arrangement of the cutters and in the manner by which the grain IS laid in proper order upon the ground after being cut. The cutters are placed in pairs in a spi ral curve round a shart, being set at right angles to it, and are carried round as tbe shaft rotates, c u tt in g tbe grain in their revolution. Directly behind the shaft is the front board of the machine, on the upp e r part of which are s e ri e s o f p oin ted fin g ers, w hich are slotted to r ec eive the c utte rs as the shaft re vo lv e s , and are set at such an angle that the grass o r grain is b e n t i n a suitahle direction affixed a

be r) near the vertex. A s maller cylinder is s ituated inside the two just described, and it is united to the inner one s o m e distance fro m the top, but the lower end does not reach to the bottom ; this contains a fourth cylinder united to it at the bottom, and ending in a dome at the top. The fire grate is ci rcu l ar and lies below the two latter cylinders. Two coils of pipe are placed within the smallest cylinder, The annexed engravings are views o f im- I and communicate with the lowest part of the proved machinery for drying cloth, inv!,!nted two outer cylinders, their upper ends passing by Robert Preston, o f North Pownal, Benthrough the dome to the steam chamber. nington Co., Vt., who has taken measures to That space between the outer shell and con secure a patent. tained cylinde r, which is not engrossed by the Fig. 1 is a longitlldinal vertical section of flue tubes, is used as a " water jacket," and a the machine, and fig. 2 is a transverse vertical similar water space exists between the two section, taken in the pbne indicated by the inner cylinders, these water spaces being con line x y, fig. 1. The same letters refer to like nected. A coil of pipe, led through the above parts. spaces, will serve either to dry o r to generate At different stages in the manufacture of the steam. The gases, as they rise from the woolen cloth, the piece requires to be dried, fuel, proceed up the innermost cylinder, thence which is done by stretching it on tenter between the twC) others, whilst the p/.'oducts frames, which are placed in the open air. of combustion descend and from a circular Drying cloth in this manner is a tedious propassage escape through the flue tubes into a cess, the object of this invention is to dry the space that conducts to the chimney. cloth much faster. The cloth by this machine is dried within the factory, and saves New Reaping Machine�� Fre derick Nishwitz, of Williamsburgh, N. much time and labor, and the nap, after dry-

Figure

times back and forth round the rollers, E and E', a n d then pas!es out at n. While in the chamber the several layers are kept apart by the rollers, r, and the bottom layer is raised to a proper distance from the bottom of the the outside. G is a shaft, which works in chamber to prevent injury by too intense heat, suitable bearings in the sides of t he chamber but at the same time to get the full benefit of through which it passes. It carries a belt the heat by rollers, F, which are adjusted by pulley, H, which gives motion by a belt the pinions, c, and racks. After leaving the ' chamber, the cloth is conducted over tl}e outacross it. There is another series of small rollers, a a, and two others, F F, whose j our nals are fitted in slides, b, which are capable o f being adjuted by racks, and pinions, c, the spindles, d, of the pinions, beip g turned from

A is a large box o r chamber, which has chamber ; X I S an inclined platform extend i n g upwards from the lower part of the back at the ends, which are l ong enough and deep o f the chamber, a nd supported at its back or enough to admit the cloth to be dried. It upper end by stan dards, V. may be of plate or cast-iron, or other mateOPERATION-Fire is made in the furnaces rial, and is supported by standards, B B. Un- to heat the chamber. The piece of cloth is der the front part of chamber A, there are fur- passed between th e rollers, R and U, then over naces, C C, from which flues, D, extend to the the latter roller, from whence it is carried back end, and then return along the sides to partly round the nap-l aying card, then over enter any suitable chimney ; E and E ' are roller Y, and through the opening, m, into the two series of rollers in the box, and extend chamber, A, through which it passes several large openings on the top, and openings, m n,

2.

1, as long as p l atfo r m ,

the ci rc u i t of all t he rollers, and the ends may be 1 00seJy s t i tc he d together. The revolution of the several rollers, as d escri b ed, will cause the cloth to m o ve continuousl y through the ch am b er, i n the direc t io n of the arro ws, fig. may

side of the smoothing roller, k, by which it is spread evenly, and then it is conducted over the roller, W, and round the rol l e r, 0, from whence it passes o, e r the top 01 the cham ber, A, and over brush T. It has now made

for the cutters to operate with the greatest ease and cert i nty. The g ras s o r g rai n on be ing cut falls against a number o f belts provi d ed with s pikes, ior the pnrpose of retaining it, an d w hich pas s a ron nd p ull e ys having a flange on each side. As they are c arr i e d along the g r ass or grain is thrown from th e spikes and fal l s up o n c u r ve d g uid e s,- by wh i ch the butt of the straw o r grass is pl a c ed towards the machine as it fal l s upon the g ro u n d. ,

a

the ro l l e r s,

piece is o f greater

the drying chamber is kept at a p ro pe r ten sion, a nd l w a y s ke p t strai ght ; the nap is properly l o. i d by card, I, before it enters th e c h a m b er, and it is smoothed after leaving by the bru s h, T, th e said card and b r ush r ev ol vin g at a g re at e r s p e e d than that at w hich the btlts running with the roller, which allow the end to be c2fried through the cham ber wi t ho u t falling u p o n the flue. T h is d r y ing machine has been in operation for fo ur months in the mills of R. Carpenter, Jr., & Co., North Pownal, Vt. , who st ate to red to cloth. m o ves. The end o f th e piece is secu�

X. The cloth, while passin g th ro ug h

a

the slack part fal l s o n the

length t h n the circUlt of in cl in e d

be required.

a

When the

Measures to secure a patent for an impro ved construction of the above, by which it is rendered more suitable for certain kinds or work have been taken by Thomas J. Alex,.n der, of Westerville, Ohio. The advantage or this plan is that logs can be sawn directly in to broom bandies, chair rounds; &c., without having been preViously sawn � into planks, thus economising an important item of ex pense. One horizontal and two vertical saws adjusted in relative positions, serve to cut the sticks from the logs, the vertical saws being placed underneath the horizontal saw and nearly touching it. The log is secured ten ._ rod. _in, throngh the ,,.

Sa w i ng Machine.

yards ot sa t in e t cloth per day, and does its M ore information may be obtai ned by let ter addressed to the inventor. o:::::>c==---

us, in a le t ter, that it dries from 12 t o 1500

work well.

Benjamin Lod<;lr, Esq., President of the pulley, S, which gives motion by a belt, i, to a brush cylinder, 1', a nd by another belt to a above railroad, has written a letter in answer smot hing roller, k. U is a roller, whose jour to the charges of the " American Railroad nals work in guides in the upper part of stand Journal." His letter respecting the charges ards, V, a n d which is allowed to slide by its made against the management of that road, is o pini on. It apof its e nds, which, by a belt, h, gives motion own weight down upon roller R. W is a p erfe ctl y satisfactory uld uo t to pulley, Q, on the shaft of roller, R, secured roll er below roller 0, and Y i s another small 'M I, ," in standards, V. On the shaft, G, I S a double roller h nng in bearings at the back of the

to a nap-laying card cyl inder, I, also to a small pulley on the side, which, by a belt, moves three pulleys, but which are not shown in the figures. 0 is a large roller, in front of chamber A outside ; it has a pulleY, P, on one

The New York and Erie Railroad.

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ill our

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