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Rh from the question referred to on a previous page, as to the economic responsibilities in the interests of women, which our Feminist law-makers have saddled on the man—namely, the responsibility of the husband, and the husband alone, for the maintenance of his wife and family, obligations from anything corresponding to which the female sex is wholly free.

In a leaflet issued by the "Men's Federation for Women's Suffrage" it is affirmed that "many laws are on the statute book which inflict injustice on Women." We challenge this statement as an unmitigated falsehood. Its makers ought to know perfectly well that they cannot justify it. There are no laws on the statute book inflicting injustice on women as a Sex, but there are many laws inflicting injustice on men in the supposed interests of women. The worn-out tag which has so long done duty with Feminists in this connection—viz. the rule of the Divorce Court, that in order to procure divorce a wife has to prove cruelty as well as adultery on the part of a husband, whereas a husband has to prove adultery alone on the part of a wife—has already been dealt with and its rottenness as a specimen of a grievance sufficiently exposed in this work and elsewhere by the present writer. Is what the authors of the leaflet may possibly have in their mind (if they have anything at all) when they talk about statutes inflicting

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114 on women, that the law does not carry sex vindictiveness against men far enough to please them? With all its flogging, penal servitude, hard labour and the rest, for offences against women, some of them of a comparatively trivial kind, does the law as regards severity on men not even yet satisfy the ferocious Feminist souls of the members Of the "Men's Federation for Women's Suffrage"? This is the only explanation of the statement in question other than that it is sheer bald bluff designed to mislead those ignorant of the law.

Another flagrant falsehood perpetually being dinned into our ears by the suffragists is the statement that women have to obey the same laws as men. The conclusion drawn from this false statement is, of course, that since they have to obey these laws equally with men, they have an equal claim with men to take part in the making or the modifying of them. Now without pausing to consider the fallacy underlying the conclusion, we would point out that it is sufficient for our present purpose to call attention to the falsity of the initial assumption itself. It needs only one who follows current events and reads his newspaper with impartial mind to see that to allege that women have to, in the true sense of the words (i.e. are compelled to), obey the same laws as men is a glaringly mendacious statement. It is unnecessary in this place to go over once more the mass of evidence

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Rh comprised in previous writings of my own—e.g. in the pamphlet, "The Legal Subjection of Man" (Twentieth Century Press), in the article, "A Creature of Privilege" (Fortnightly Review, November 1911), and elsewhere in the present volume, illustrating the unquestionable fact that though in theory women may have to obey the law as men have, yet in practice they are absolved from all the more serious consequences men have to suffer when they disobey it. The treatment recently accorded to the suffragettes for crimes such as wilful damage and arson, not to speak of their previous prison treatment when convicted for obstruction, disturbance and minor police misdemeanours, is a proof, writ large, of the mendacity of the statement that women no less than men have to obey the laws of the country, so far, that is, as any real meaning is attached to this phrase.

Another suffragist lie which is invariably allowed to pass muster by default, save for an occasional protest by the present writer, is the assumption that the English law draws a distinction as regards prison treatment, etc., as between political and non-political offenders. Everyone with even the most elementary legal knowledge is aware that no such distinction has ever been recognised or suggested by the English law—at least until the prison ordinance made quite recently, expressly to please the suffragettes, by Mr Winston Churchill when Home

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116 Secretary. However desirable many may consider such a distinction to be, nothing is more indubitable than the fact that it previously obtained in the letter or practice of the law of England. And yet, without a word of contradiction from those who know better, arguments and protests galore have been fabricated on the suffragist side, based solely on this impudently false assumption.

Misdemeanours and crimes at common law when wilfully committed, have in all countries always remained misdemeanours and crimes, whatever motive can be conveniently put forward to account for them. A political offence has always meant the expression of opinions or the advocacy of measures or acts (not of the nature of common law crimes) which are in contravention of the existing law—e.g. a "libel" on the constituted authorities of the State, or the forcible disregard of a law or police regulation in hindrance of the right of public speech or meeting. This is what is meant by political offence in any country recognising such as a special class of offence entitling those committing it to special treatment. This is so where the matter refers to the internal legislation of the country. Where the question of extradition comes in the definition of political offence is, of course, wider. Take the extreme case, that of the assassination of a ruler or functionary, especially in a despotic State, where free Press and the free

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Page:The Mystery of Choice - Chambers.djvu/17

Rh Morbihan, it doesn't follow that you are an authority on sea-trout flies. Why do you say that a Breton sea-trout won't touch a tailed fly?"

"It's so," he replied.

"Why? There are plenty of May-flies about the stream."

"Let em fly!" snarled the Purple Emperor, "you won't see a trout touch 'em."

My arm was aching, but I grasped my split bamboo more firmly, and, half turning, waded out into the stream and began to whip the ripples at the head of the pool. A great green dragon-fly came drifting by on the summer breeze and hung a moment above the pool, glittering like an emerald.

"There's a chance! Where is your butterfly net?" I called across the stream.

"What for? That dragon-fly? I've got dozens—Anax Junius, Drury, characteristic, anal angle of posterior wings, in male, round; thorax marked with"

"That will do," I said fiercely. "Can't I point out an insect in the air without this burst of erudition? Can you tell me, in simple everyday French, what this little fly is—this one, flitting over the eel grass here beside me? See, it has fallen on the water."

"Huh!" sneered the Purple Emperor, "that's a Linnobia annulus."

"What's that?" I demanded.


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Rh expression of opinion generally do not exist. This is undoubtedly a political, not a common law offence, in so far as other countries are concerned, and hence the perpetrator of such a deed has the right to claim immunity, on this ground, from extradition. The position assumable is, that under despotic conditions the progressive man is at war with the despot and those exercising authority under him; therefore, in killing the despot or the repositories of despotic authority, he is striking directly at the enemy. It would, however, be absurd for the agent in a deed of this sort to expect special political treatment within the jurisdiction of the State itself immediately concerned. As a matter of fact he never does so. Fancy a Russian Nihilist, when brought to trial, whining that he is a political offender and hence to be exempted from all harsh treatment! No, the Nihilist has too much self-respect to make himself ridiculous in this way. Hardly even the maddest Terrorist Anarchist would make such a claim. For example, the French law recognises the distinction between political and common law offences. But for all this the bande tragique, Bonnet and his associates, did not receive any benefit from the distinction or even claim to do so, though otherwise they were loud enough in proclaiming the political motives inspiring them. Even as regards extradition, running amuck at large, setting fire promiscuously to private buildings or

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118 injuring the ordinary non-political citizen, as a "protest," would not legally come into the category of political offences and hence protect their authors from being surrendered as ordinary criminals.

The real fact, of course, is that all this talk on the part of suffragettes and their backers about "political" offences and "political" prison treatment is only a mean and underhand way of trying to secure special sex privileges under false pretences. Those who talk the loudest in the strain in question know this perfectly well.

These falsehoods are dangerous, in spite of what one would think ought to be their obvious character as such, by reason of the psychological fact that you only require to repeat a lie often enough, provided you are uncontradicted, in order for the aforesaid lie to be received as established truth by the mass of mankind ("mostly fools," as Carlyle had it).

It is a preposterous claim, I contend, that any misdemeanour and a fortiori any felony has, law apart, and even from a merely ethical point of view, any claim to special consideration and leniency on the bare declaration of the felon or misdemeanant that it had been dictated by political motive. In no country, at any time, has the mere assertion of political motive been held to bring an ordinary crime within the sphere of treatment of political offences. According to the legal and ethical logic

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Rh of the suffragettes, it is perfectly open for them to set on fire theatres, churches and houses, and even to shoot down the harmless passer-by in the street, and claim the treatment of first-class misdemeanants on the ground that the act was done as a protest against some political grievance under which they imagined themselves to be labouring. The absurdity of the suggestion is evident on its mere statement. And yet the above preposterous assumption has been suffered equally with the one last noted to pass virtually without protest, and what is more serious, it has been acted upon by the authorities as though it were indubitably sound law as well as sound ethics! It may be pointed out that what has cost many an Irish Fenian in the old days, and many a Terrorist Anarchist at a later date, a sentence of penal servitude for life, can be indulged in by modern suffragettes at the expense of a few weeks' imprisonment in the first or second division. Of course, this whole talk of "political offences," when they are, on the face of them, mere common crimes, is purely and simply a trick designed to shield the cowardly and contemptible female creatures who perpetrate these senseless and dastardly outrages from the punishment they deserve and would receive if they had not the good fortune to be of the privileged sex. In the case of men this impudent nonsense would, of course, never have been put forward, and, if it had,

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120 would have been summarily laughed out of court. That it should be necessary to point out these things in so many words is a striking illustration of the moral and intellectual atrophy produced by Feminism in the public mind.

There is another falsehood we often hear by way of condoning the infamous outrages of the suffragettes. The excuse is often offered when the illogical pointlessness of the "militant" methods of the modern suffragette are in question: "Oh! men have also done the same things: men have used violence to attain political ends!" Now the fallacy involved in this retort is plain enough.

It may be perfectly true that men have used violence to attain their ends on occasion. But to assert this fact in the connection in question is purely irrelevant. There is violence and violence. It is absolutely false to say that men have ever adopted purposeless and inane violence as a policy. The violence of men has always had an intelligible relation to the ends they had in view, either proximate or ultimate. They pulled down Hyde Park railings in 1866. Good! But why was this? Because they wanted to hold a meeting, and found the park closed against them, the destruction of the railings being the only means of gaining access to the park. Again, the Reform Bill riots of 1831 were at least all directed against Government property and governmental persons—that is, the

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Rh enemy with whom they were at war. In most cases, as at Bristol and Nottingham, there was (as in that of the Hyde Park railings) a very definite and immediate object in the violence and destruction committed—namely, the release of persons imprisoned for the part they had taken in the Reform movement, by the destruction of the gaols where they were confined. What conceivable analogy have these things with a policy of destroying private property, setting fire to tea pavilions, burning boat-builders' stock-in-trade, destroying private houses, poisoning pet dogs, upsetting jockeys, defacing people's correspondence, including the postal orders of the poor, mutilating books in a college library, pictures in a public gallery, etc., etc.? And all these, bien entendu, not openly and in course of a riot, but furtively, in the pursuit of a deliberately premeditated policy! Have, I ask, men ever, in the course of the world's history, committed mean, futile and dastardly crimes such as these in pursuit of any political or public end? There can be but one answer to this question. Every reader must know that there is no analogy whatever between suffragettes' "militancy" and the violence and crimes of which men may have been guilty. Even the Terrorist Anarchist, however wrong-headed he may be, and however much his deeds may be deemed morally reprehensible, is at least logical in his actions,

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122 in so far as the latter have always had some definite bearing on his political ends and were not mere senseless "running amuck." The utterly disconnected, meaningless and wanton character signalising the policy of the "militant" suffragettes would of itself suffice to furnish a conclusive argument for the incapacity of the female intellect to think logically or politically, and hence against the concession to women of public powers, political, judicial or otherwise.

Another fallacy analogous to the preceding, inasmuch as it seeks to counterbalance female defects and weaknesses by the false allegation of corresponding deficiencies in men, is the Feminist retort sometimes heard when the question of hysteria in women is raised: "Oh! men can also suffer from hysteria!" This has been already dealt with in an earlier chapter, but for the sake of completing the list of prominent Feminist fallacies I restate it concisely here. Now as we have seen it is exceedingly doubtful whether this statement is true in any sense whatever. There are eminent authorities who would deny that men ever have true hysteria. There are others, of course, again, who would extend the term hysteria so as to include every form of neurasthenic disturbance. The question is largely, with many persons who discuss the subject, one of terminology. It suffices here to cut short quibbling on this score.

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158 If he found, on peering cautiously at the couches, that his way-worn guests still slept on, he would creep out of the camp to the fire, and with a shovel (which had long before been prepared for the purpose) take up quite a heap of glowing embers, which he straightway poured over the sleepers' devoted heads, thereby sending them into their last long sleep.

As a matter of course, the poor Ngarous thus destroyed were carefully hidden away, so that casual passing travellers might not have a chance of discovering the wicked character of the beastly ogre, and he and his spouse, worthy spouse for such a mate, would delectate upon the bodies of their victims as long as they lasted; and when the ghastly food had all been consumed, they wearied much, until dame fortune kindly sent them some other tired out Ngarou in search of rest and refreshments, when the same cruel proceedings would be pitilessly and ruthlessly carried out.

The total disappearance of so many of their fellows, and always during their migrations at breeding time, or at the yam season, gave rise to the greatest distress and wonderment among the innocent Ngarous; but when they discovered the cause of their many serious bereavements through the escape of a half-throttled, young yam-eating Ngarou, together with a like miraculous escape of a worn-down old hen returning from the breeding grounds, that managed to get out of the horrid monster's clutches, with the loss of all her neck and head feathers, their consternation was pitiful to behold. They knew not what to do, in


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159 this the greatest extremity which ever befel [sic] their lot; however, they determined in future to exercise more wariness on their gaming expeditions, and their breeding grounds excursions. But notwithstanding all the caution displayed by the terror-stricken Ngarous, every now and then a fresh disappearance would occur, to add to their already abundant grief.

This relentless old vagabond had practised these abominable atrocities as long as the most ancient Ngarou could remember, though so late of being discovered, and he was now becoming worse, and more daring the older he grew, in fact the poor Ngarou people had no longer any peace or happiness of their lives, because of this cruel monster's continued wickedness.

Every Ngarou in the land had lost some near or dear fellow by the horrid ogre's machinations; nothing but wailing was therefore heard throuhogut the length and breadth of Ngaroudom; the poor Ngarous were actually driven to their wit's end, so much so indeed they had serious thoughts of making a general exodus to some other country where they would have a chance of feeding in peace; it was only the fear of being followed by their arch enemy that decided them against the movement.

About this time of universal sorrow in the Ngarou nation, two smart young Ngarous that had travelled through strange lands, and sojourned with extraordinary beasts, returned home to find the whole of their kindred swallowed up by uncontrollable grief, by reason of their numerous bereavements. On learning the cause of all the wailing and misery throughout the land, which had so astonished


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Rh goes, is a task that comes to us but once in our existence, and some of the articles selected may have to last for a lifetime. Should money be limited, the sum that can be devoted to this purpose should be carefully fixed, and if the amount is not found sufficient for all requirements, the expenditure on all strictly necessary articles should be estimated and allowed for, before letting the fancy stray after superfluities and luxuries. This may seem a very obvious rule, but it is one often neglected. The scarcity of vile dross that prevents us from ordering all we think we need for our new establishment, may be a blessing in disguise, for many of those quaint and interesting articles that lend so much individuality and artistic charm to a dwelling can never be purchased in bulk, but must be acquired by a combination of good luck, good taste and loving search. The time required for an exciting hunt after articles of beauty, quaint ugliness, or romantic interest, will not be grudged by many young couples, for each treasure thus acquired tends to give fresh interest in the beautifying of a home. These rules considered, rival catalogues compared, and the advantages and drawbacks of old and new furniture weighed, the prospective householder will be prepared to face the allurements of Tottenham Court Road and elsewhere. Every possible information about kitchen furniture and utensils, with carefully compiled price lists, will be found in a later chapter. It is now usual for the landlord to allow the incoming tenant to choose the wall papers, and we would advise our readers not to mind taking considerable trouble in this respect. It is well to think whether the rooms require light or dark papers; the furniture and carpets with which they are to be associated should also be considered. In few things are loving care and taste better repaid than in such careful choice, and we would recommend our readers not to rest content with the sample books furnished by their landlord, but to inspect the designs of the best known and most artistic firms.

Choosing a House.—Many mistresses have experienced the horrors of house-hunting, and it is well known that "three removes are as good (or bad, rather) as a fire."

The choice of a house must depend on various circumstances with different people, and to give any specific directions on this head would be impossible and useless, yet it will be desirable to point out some of the general features as to locality, soil, aspect, etc., which all house-hunters should carefully consider.

Regarding the locality, we may say, speaking more particularly of a town house, that it is important to the health and comfort of a family that the neighbourhood of all factories producing unwholesome or offensive emanations or odours should be strictly avoided. Neither is it well to take a house in the immediate vicinity of a noisy trade, lest it should prove a constant annoyance.

Before taking a house on lease, get a competent surveyor to inspect the state of the building—drainage, walls, roof, gutters, etc. Do not


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Rh Case, the (der Fall)
 * and substance, 2.024
 * and the world, 1
 * equated with fact, 2
 * is existence of atomic facts, 2

Causality: no causal nexus, 5.136. 5.1361

Causality, law of
 * as limit of the describable, 6.362
 * cannot be said, 6.36 (2)
 * is form of a law, 6.32, 6.321, 6.361

Certainty
 * as limiting case of probability, 5.152 (3)
 * of truth of tautology, 4.464 (1)
 * opposed to possibility and impossibility, 4.464 (2)

Clarity: everything can be said and thought clearly, 4. 116

Classes, theory of, superfluous in mathematics, 6.031 (1)

Colloquial language. See Ordinary language

Colour
 * a form of objects, 2.0251
 * logical structure of, 6.3751

"Complex," a formal concept, 4.1272 (7, 8)

Complexes
 * and definition, 3.24 (4)
 * given only by descriptions, 324 (2)
 * how perceived, 5.5423
 * propositions about, in internal relation to a statement about constituents, 3.24 (1)
 * statements about, analysable, 2.0201

Configuration of objects, 2.0272, 3.21. (See also Structure)

Constant : expression as, 3.312 (2)

Contradiction. (See also Denial)
 * defined, 4.46 (4)
 * limiting case of combination of symbols, 4.466 (4)
 * not a picture of reality, 4.462
 * shared by propositions, 5.143

Correspondence
 * between objects and picture elements, 2.13
 * of configuration of simple signs and objects, 3.21

Darwinian theory, irrelevant to philosophy, 4.1122

Death, 6.431, 6.4311

Deducibility
 * and identity, 5. 141
 * and obviousness, 5.1363
 * and relative content, 5.14
 * and structure, 5.13
 * relation to form, illustrated, 5.1311 (1)

Definition
 * as analysis, 3.26
 * as rule of translation, 3.343
 * effect upon signification, 3.261 (1)
 * how symbolized, 4.241 (3)
 * of a symbol for a complex, 3.24 (4)
 * 'complete analysis' (of proposition), 3.201
 * of 'contradiction', 4.46 (4)
 * of 'expression', 3.31 (1)
 * of 'feature', 4.1221
 * of 'form', 2.033
 * of 'form of an object', 2.0141
 * of 'form of representation', 2.151
 * of 'formal concept', 4.126 (1)
 * of 'formal series', 4.1252 (1)
 * of 'independent propositions', 5.152 (1)
 * of 'logical picture', 2.181
 * of 'logical place', 3.41
 * of 'measure of probability', 515
 * of 'name', 3.202

Rh


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30 rely upon the statements of an agent, or any one interested in letting the house. When circumstances permit, it is well to stay for some time in the neighbourhood to ascertain if it suits your health and taste before removing there.

Referring to soils: it is held as a rule, that a gravel soil is best, as the rain drains through it very quickly, and it is consequently less damp than clay, upon which water rests a far longer time. Sand, chalk, and clay soils all possess their respective merits, but the latter should be avoided by those subject to rheumatic affections.

The aspect of the house should be well considered, remembering that the more sunlight comes into the house the healthier is the habitation. A house with a south or south-west aspect is lighter, warmer, drier, and consequently more healthy, than one facing the north or north-east.

Great advances have been made of late in sanitary knowledge, and the first point to inspect in a house is its drainage, as it has been proved in thousands of cases that bad or defective drainage is as certain to destroy health as the taking of poison. This arises from its injurious effect upon the atmosphere, which renders the air we breathe unwholesome and dangerous. Let us remember, then, that unless the drainage of a house is perfect, the health of its inhabitants is sure to suffer; and they will be susceptible to diphtheria, typhoid and all kinds of fevers and disease. A damp house also fosters rheumatism, ague, etc.

The importance of a good water supply can scarcely be over estimated. No house, however suitable in other respects, should be taken if this important source of health and comfort is in the slightest degree scarce or impure. We cannot take too much care in seeing that it is pure and good, as well as plentiful, knowing as we do its constant influence on the health of a household.

Ventilation is another feature which must not be overlooked. To ensure efficient ventilation both inlet and outlet openings must be provided; the former, as near the floor as possible, without producing a draught; the latter, close to the ceiling. The lower part of the window may be used as an inlet for air when the room is not in use. Iron gratings and perforated bricks fitted into the outer wall, and valves opening into the chimney, can all serve as outlets for foul air. Failing these, the upper sash of the window may be lowered; but this method of ventilation is apt to cause an unpleasant draught, whereas the above-named devices admit and carry off air without any perceptible change of temperature.

Before committing themselves to any agreement for a house, inexperienced readers are advised to consult our "Legal Memoranda," given later on.

Rent.—Some authorities say one-tenth, others one-eighth, of the total income should be spent in rent, but so many circumstances—such as the size of the family, its position, and the locality in which it is necessary to reside affect—this estimate, we are disposed to think it is


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Rh a question best left for careful consideration in each individual case. When facing the problem of taking a new and larger house, one should bear in mind that the mere increase in rent does not represent the whole of the extra expense that will have to be borne, for besides rates, which of course increase proportionately, a larger house seems invariably to increase expenses all round. Yet it is not easy to give explicit reasons for this undoubted tendency.

The Responsibilities or Duties of the mistress of a house are, though onerous and important, by no means difficult if given careful and systematic attention. She ought always to remember that she rules the household; and by her conduct its whole internal policy is regulated. She is, therefore, a person of far-reaching importance. Her daughters model themselves on her pattern, and are directed by her counsels:—"Her children rise up and call her blessed; her husband also, and he praiseth her." Therefore let each wife, remembering her responsibilities, see that her conduct is such as to earn the love and reverence of her children and her husband.

Let her remember the sincere homage paid to the good wife and mother by the great philosophers and writers of all ages. Jeremy Taylor says: "A good wife is Heaven's last best gift to man; his angel and minister of graces innumerable; his gem of many virtues; his casket of jewels. Her voice is sweet music; her smiles his brightest day; her kiss the guardian of his innocence; her arms, the pale of his safety; the balm of his health, the balsam of his life; her industry, his surest wealth; her economy, his safest steward; her lips, his faithful counsellors; her bosom, the softest pillow of his cares; and her prayers, the ablest advocates of Heaven's blessings on his head."


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 CHAPTER II

Duties and Responsibilities.

 Second in Command in the House, except in large establishments, where there is a house-steward, the housekeeper must consider herself as the immediate representative of her mistress, and bring to her work all the qualities of honesty, industry, and vigilance which would be expected of her if she were at the head of her own family. Constantly striving to promote the prosperity of the household, she should oversee all that goes on in the house, that every department is thoroughly attended to, and that the servants are comfortable, at the same time that their various duties are properly performed.

Cleanliness, punctuality, and method are essentials in the character of a good housekeeper. Without these qualities, no household can be well managed. Order again, is indispensable; by it we provide that "there should be a place for everything, and everything in its place."

Accounts.—A necessary qualification for a housekeeper is that she should thoroughly understand accounts. She will have to write in her books an accurate account of all sums paid for any and every purpose, the current expenses of the house, tradesmen's bills, wages, and many miscellaneous items. As we have mentioned in the previous chapter, a housekeeper's accounts should be periodically examined and checked by the head of the house. Nothing tends more to the satisfaction of both employer and employed than this arrangement. "Short reckonings make long friends" stands good in this case, as in others.

The housekeeper should make a careful record of every domestic purchase whether bought for cash or not. This record will be found a useful check upon the bills sent in by the various tradesmen, so that any discrepancy can be inquired into and set right. An intelligent housekeeper will by this means be able to judge of the average consumption of each article in the household; and to prevent waste and carelessness.

The following table of expenses, income, or wages, shows what any sum, from £1 to £100 per annum, is, when reckoned per quarter, calendar month, week, or day:— Rh


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160 them on their return, they laid their wise, though albeit youthful heads together, with the view of devising some prompt means of ridding the nation of the foul-feeding fiend, from whom it had suffered so much, and so long.

Their cogitations resulted in the framing of a scheme which they deemed most feasible for the purpose, although, perhaps, the carrying of it out would entail considerable risk; this latter, however, they had patriotically determined to encounter, if found necessary. Their scheme was as follows:—

They were to contrive to reach the great yam plain unperceived by the wicked old ogre, when one of them was immediately to hide himself mid the tall yam stalks, whilst the other was most conspicuously to pretend to feed for some considerable time, after which (when he had seen that the wicked old fiend had observed him) he was to retire to some cosy corner, in close proximity to his friend, as though intending to take a quiet slumber, after his seemingly satisfactory meal; and then, when the unnatural old Ngarou came slyly up, intent upon procuring his coveted, and disgusting food, on a preconcerted signal being given by the dauntless Ngarou that was to pretend to feed, they were simultaneously to fall on the national foe, with the most deadly determination, nor fail in their arduous efforts for a moment, until Ngaroudom was freed from the foul-feeding monster; and as the foe to which they were thus to give battle was very old, and consequently very feeble, they doubted not but that the issue would be successful in every particular.


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title: User talk:50.47.130.138


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Page:The Aborigines of Victoria and Riverina.djvu/166

161 The travelled Ngarous were fortunate enough to carry out their concerted scheme to the very end; after a severe struggle they destroyed the abominable ogre, and left his vile old carcase to rot on the plain, which had been the scene whereon many of his most detestable atrocities had been cruelly enacted.

To do every honour to these brave slayers of the demon Ngarou, on their return from the successful exploit, nearly all the inhabitants of Ngaroudom assembled, and whilst the Ngarou people were lavishing honours and caresses on their brave saviours, as they designated them, they suddenly soared away in circling whirls, higher and higher, until they reached the very Tyrili (sky) itself, when they became fixed as the pointers to the Southern Cross.

The consternation and lamentations of the Ngarou nation were very terrible when they beheld their two noble deliverers soaring away towards Tyrili in airy circles, but when they saw them fixed as Toorts, and felt, therefore, that they had been merely translated to a higher sphere, they one and all danced with joy, saying the bleak, dark earth was not good enough for them, and that a much higher guerdon had been conferred on them for the supreme service they had rendered to the nation, than if all the Ngarous in the world had endowed them with the whole of their possessions. And now these two glorious Toorts can for ever see, from their commanding position, how truly grateful all the Ngarou people are for the mighty service they had performed ere being translated, and gratitude from their heretofore fellows is as grateful to them, as is the


text: Page:Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management.djvu/55


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162 fragrance of the Yanup (Myall) in the nostrils of the yam-loving Ngarous.

CHAPTER XX.

CONCERNING ABORIGINAL MAGICIANS AND THEIR MAGIC, AS APPLIED TO CURATIVE PURPOSES IN SICKNESS; TOGETHER WITH THE POWER OF INFLICTING SICKNESS ON WHOMSOEVER THEY PLEASE; OF THE NGALLOW WATTOWS (POSTMEN) AND THE PURPOSES WHICH OCCUPY MOST PART OF THEIR EXISTENCE.

In every aboriginal tribe there are usually one or two members who are esteemed learned beyond their fellows; they are termed Bangals (Doctors or Magicians) and are supposed to be endowed with powers far beyond the finite grasp of humanity in general; they are therefore looked upon by the rest of their respective tribes with considerable awe, and no native would knowingly offend one of them, as every such offence would be sure to bring condign punishment on him who had offended.

The functions of these Bangals are various, amongst which bleeding and other surgical operations are not the least As they elect to cure every ill to which aboriginal flesh is heir, from a simple headache induced by overfeeding, up to the severest form of pulmonary consumption, they are seldom without a fair share of patients to attend to; the patients have the most perfect faith in their ministrations, consequently they are as passive and ductile in their hands as so much well-wrought glazier's putty; of


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Rh her bosom white with the moon. She laughed and chattered, and shook her silken stuffs, sending out a perfume exquisite on the frosted air. When we reached the house Lettie dropped her draperies and rustled into the drawing-room. There the lamp was low-lit, shedding a yellow twilight from the window space. Lettie stood between the firelight and the dusky lamp glow, tall and warm between the lights. As she turned laughing to the two men, she let her cloak slide over her white shoulder and fall with silk splendour of a peacock’s gorgeous blue over the arm of the large settee. There she stood, with her white hand upon the peacock of her cloak, where it tumbled against her dull orange dress. She knew her own splendour, and she drew up her throat laughing and brilliant with triumph. Then she raised both her arms to her head and remained for a moment delicately touching her hair into order, still fronting the two men. Then with a final little laugh she moved slowly and turned up the lamp, dispelling some of the witchcraft from the room. She had developed strangely in six months. She seemed to have discovered the wonderful charm of her womanhood. As she leaned forward with her arm outstretched to the lamp, as she delicately adjusted the wicks with mysterious fingers, she seemed to be moving in some alluring figure of a dance, her hair like a nimbus clouding the light, her bosom lit with wonder. The soft outstretching of her hand was like the whispering of strange words into the blood, and as she fingered a book the heart watched silently for the meaning.

“Won’t you take off my shoes, darling?” she said.


text: Page:Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management.djvu/56


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388 sinking among the cushions of the settee. Leslie kneeled again before her, and she bent her head and watched him.

“My feet are a tiny bit cold,” she said, plaintively, giving him her foot, that seemed like gold in the yellow silk stocking. He took it between his hands, stroking it:

“It is quite cold,” he said, and he held both her feet in his hands.

“Ah, you dear boy!” she cried with sudden gentleness, bending forward and touching his cheek.

“Is it great fun being mine host of ‘Ye Ramme Inne?’ ” she said, playfully to George. There seemed a long distance between them now as she sat, with the man in evening dress crouching before her putting golden shoes on her feet.

“It is rather,” he replied, “the men in the smoke room say such rum things. My word, you hear some tales there.”

“Tell us, do!” she pleaded.

“Oh! I couldn’t. I never could tell a tale, and even if I could—well——.”

“But I do long to hear,” she said, “what the men say in the smoke room of ‘Ye Ramme Inne.’ Is it quite untellable?”

“Quite!” he laughed.

“What a pity! See what a cruel thing it is to be a woman, Leslie: we never know what men say in smoke rooms, while you read in your novels everything a woman ever uttered. It is a shame! George, you are a wretch, you should tell me. I do envy you——.”


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In this line of books there is revealed the whole workings of a great American railroad system. There are adventures in abundance—railroad wrecks, dashes through forest fires, the pursuit of a "wildcat" locomotive, the disappearance of a pay car with a large sum of money on board—but there is much more than this—the intense rivalry among railroads and railroad men, the working out of running schedules, the getting through "on time" in spite of all obstacles, and the manipulation of railroad securities by evil men who wish to rule or ruin.

RALPH OF THE ROUND HOUSE; Or, Bound to Become a Railroad Man.

RALPH IN THE SWITCH TOWER; Or, Clearing the Track.

RALPH ON THE ENGINE; Or, The Young Fireman of the Limited Mail.

RALPH ON THE OVERLAND EXPRESS; Or, The Trials and Triumphs of a Young Engineer.

RALPH, THE TRAIN DISPATCHER; Or, the Mystery of the Pay Car.

RALPH ON THE ARMY TRAIN; Or, The Young Railroader's Most Daring Exploit.

RALPH ON THE MIDNIGHT FLYER; Or, The Wreck at Shadow Valley.

RALPH AND THE MISSING MAIL POUCH; Or, The Stolen Government Bonds.


text: Index:From Anne Warren Weston to Deborah Weston Tuesday May 1 1838.pdf


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163 course this implicit belief tends in a great measure towards a cure, whatever may be the ailment.

When a patient recovers the wise Bangal receives boundless credit, which he accepts with the becoming grace of a duly qualified professor, who is getting no more than his just meed. But, on the other hand, should grim death steal in, and snatch the poor victim from under the very eyes of the Bangal he gets no blame, as the death is certain to be attributed to the malign influence of magic practised by some Bukeen tribe to that end, of which he is ignorant, therefore unable effectually to cope with. On these occasions, however, he tells the assembled tribe that he will visit Konikatnie (water-spirit) down in the deep waters of the lake, or river, and from that spirit learn from whence the magic came which killed their brother, and then they can take ample and swift vengeance on the hidden foe.

When the curious ones of a tribe wish to discover that which is beyond aboriginal ken they depute the Bangal to arrive at the desired knowledge through the medium of the water-spirit. Thereupon the Bangal most mysteriously disappears from the tribe, and many days may elapse before he returns, in a manner equally mystic with that of his departure. On some of these occasions he brings the desired information; on others, again, he merely intimates that the matter sought for was not for them to pry into, therefore it had better be forgotten at once, and for good, as the Konikatnie bears but badly any opposition to his expressed wishes as rendered by the Bangal.


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Rh “What do you envy me, exactly?” he asked laughing always at her whimsical way.

“Your smoke room. The way you see life—or the way you hear it, rather.”

“But I should have thought you saw life ten times more than me,” he replied.

“I! I only see manners—good manners and bad manners. You know ‘manners maketh a man.’ That’s when a woman’s there. But you wait awhile, you’ll see.”

“When shall I see?” asked George, flattered and interested.

“When you have made the fortune you talked about,” she replied.

He was uplifted by her remembering the things he had said.

“But when I have made it—when!”—he said sceptically,—“even then—well, I shall only be, or have been, landlord of ‘Ye Kamme Inne.’ ” He looked at her, waiting for her to lift up his hopes with her gay balloons.

“Oh, that doesn’t matter! Leslie might be landlord of some Ram Inn when he’s at home, for all anybody would know—mightn’t you, hubby, dear?”

“Thanks!” replied Leslie, with good humoured sarcasm.

“You can’t tell a publican from a peer, if he’s a rich publican,” she continued. “Money maketh the man, you know.”

“Plus manners,” added George, laughing.

“Oh they are always there—where I am. I give you ten years. At the end of that time you must


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Page:From Anne Warren Weston to Deborah Weston Tuesday May 1 1838.pdf/1

Rh Philadelphia, 5 May, Tuesday evening

It is after 9 Sunday evening my dear Debora, but if I did not write now I know not when I should, when I am to write my poor journal & committee tell, I cannot do as Bosie(?) Hall does. Well here we are, safe in the army(?) of Brotherly Love not a pin lost, not a scratch or a bruise received. Our ride to was pleasant, that from P. to (?)ington Street(?) more so as we were in a car full of Abolitionists. We did not reach till near 9. The boat, the Nanagarret(?) was very much crowded; the babies nicely(?) (?)d & many of them by no means used (?) little Ann. I foolishly went down to be with Mary & Elizabeth. We rested(?) not. Maria was not in the least ill or sick or anything of the kind but I was terribly so. Much more so than last year tho' then I went round, Ma's warmest hopes were realised. I went to sleep however sometime before midnight & slept till near 3 then laid awake till 4 and then slept & went on deck. It was pretty cold at that hour but we could not stay below without


text: Author:Jacques Joseph Champollion-Figeac


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390 invite us to your swell place—say the Hall at Eberwich—and we will come—‘with all our numerous array.’ ”

She sat among her cushions smiling upon him. She was half ironical, half sincere. He smiled back at her, his dark eyes full of trembling hope, and pleasure, and pride.

“How is Meg?” she asked. “Is she as charming as ever—or have you spoiled her?”

“Oh, she is as charming as ever,” he replied. “And we are tremendously fond of one another.”

“That is right!—I do think men are delightful,” she added, smiling.

“I am glad you think so,” he laughed.

They talked on brightly about a thousand things. She touched on Paris, and pictures, and new music, with her quick chatter, sounding to George wonderful in her culture and facility. And at last he said he must go.

“Not until you have eaten a biscuit, and drunk good luck with me,” she cried, catching her dress about her like a dim flame and running out of the room. We all drank to the New Year in the cold champagne.

“To the Vita Nuova!” said Lettie, and we drank smiling:

“Hark!” said George, “the hooters.”

We stood still and listened. There was a faint booing noise far away outside. It was midnight. Lettie caught up a wrap and we went to the door. The wood, the ice, the grey dim hills lay frozen in the light of the moon. But outside the valley, far away in Derbyshire, away towards Nottingham, on


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Rh every hand the distant hooters and buzzers of mines and ironworks crowed small on the borders of the night, like so many strange, low voices of cockerels bursting forth at different pitch, with different tone, warning us of the dawn of the New Year.


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Rh Monday morning. Mary, Mrs Philbrick & Mis Paul have gone in James Mott's carriage with Mr Thoms to see the water works. St Ann(?) has just called looking very brisk and heaps more of folks are below. Now I will enter a little into the tactics of things. Mary Parker is in a pretty uncomfortable state of mind. Maria treats her with calm cold civility & nothing more. She acts otherwise as if she were not present. I treat her very kindly just as I should Mrs Joebell(?) were she here. Laugh & talk & feel perfectly free with her and treat her as well as can be but of (?) (?) with any talk about the deep things of the cause & I do not find her an authority to other folks. We are somewhat disgusted to find that the how(?) (?) Paul that Maria was not coming on as otherwise Susan would have waited for us. I suppose that we shall have a great chance of having Mary for the President and Lucretia Motts health puts it out of the question. We pressed Sarah Grimké last night very much but she does not think she knows enough of busines. All the Philadelphia people appear right as to Denialism, but not sufficiently interested. Baileigh is the same right minded person. Maria leaves no stone unturned to please the Denial appeal before the minds of all. Maria's seeding worries Mary, I suppose. Mary Chapman has been invited to the Grews(?) to take up her abode, but she manifested so much horror that the thing was even thought of, that I hardly knew whether she would be able to answer the invite civilly. I shall do up this letter at noon and will then add a few more words as the mail does not close till 5 o'clock(?) I dispatched my letter to Lucretia yesterday


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Rh {| !width=40 colspan=3 |Per Year. !colspan=3 |Per Quarter. !colspan=2 |Per Month. !colspan=2 |Per Week !colspan=1 |Per Day. !colspan=3 |Per Year. !colspan=3 |Per Quarter. !colspan=3 |Per Month. !colspan=3 |Per Week. !colspan=2 |Per Day.
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Cooking.—Although the housekeeper does not generally interfere much in the actual work of the cook, yet it is necessary that she should possess a good knowledge of cookery; for she has to direct the work of others. In some establishments cakes, bread, jams, pickles, etc., are made in the still-room under the housekeeper's superintendence.

Instruction in Cookery.—Happily it is now usual for all young people to learn something of this art, and it is a valuable accomplishment, no matter to what class they belong, for at some time of their life it is sure to be of use. A great many, too, who do not actually have to cook themselves are glad to have the power of checking the work of their cooks, who without such a check would become domestic tyrants. With servants of this sort a mistress who knows nothing of cooking is powerless. Before the existence of cookery schools instruction could only be obtained at home, from the mother, housekeeper or cook, but now many who desire instruction prefer to avail themselves of the many opportunities offered by the cookery schools and classes. This course has advantages to recommend it; for that a practical teacher, while allowing the pupil considerable freedom of choice, takes care that the lessons comprise dishes which teach the principles of cookery, as well as mere manipulation of the materials. A good teacher also endeavours to inculcate habits of economy, cleanliness, and tidiness besides the mere details of the science; but if the cook were to teach on the same lines her motive might be misunderstood, and her advice resented. If the pupils would always practise in their own homes the tidiness and cleanliness they are taught in the schools, they would be less frequently regarded as a nuisance by the cook. Novices should make a rule not to use unnecessary utensils, to wait on oneself as much as possible, and to clear away all materials and utensils when they have finished.


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Here is as ingenious a series of books for little folks as has ever appeared since "Alice in Wonderland." The idea of the Riddle books is a little group of children—three girls and three boys decide to form a riddle club. Each book is full of the adventures and doings of these six youngsters, but as an added attraction each book is filled with a lot of the best riddles you ever heard.

THE RIDDLE CLUB AT HOME An absorbing tale that all boys and girls will enjoy reading. How the members of the club fixed up a clubroom in the Larue barn, and how they, later on, helped solve a most mysterious happening, and how one of the members won a valuable prize, is told in a manner to please every young reader.

THE RIDDLE CLUB IN CAMP The club members went into camp on the edge of a beautiful lake. Here they had rousing good times swimming, boating and around the campfire. They fell in with a mysterious old man known as The Hermit of Triangle Island. Nobody knew his real name or where he came from until the propounding of a riddle solved these perplexing questions.

THE RIDDLE CLUB THROUGH THE HOLIDAYS This volume takes in a great number of winter sports, including skating and sledding and the building of a huge snowman. It also gives the particulars of how the club treasurer lost the dues entrusted to his care and what the melting of the great snowman revealed.

THE RIDDLE CLUB AT SUNRISE BEACH This volume tells how the club journeyed to the seashore and how they not only kept up their riddles but likewise had good times on the sand and on the water. Once they got lost in a fog and are marooned on an island. Here they made a discovery that greatly pleased the folks at home.


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a good deal of difference in Leslie since his marriage. He had lost his assertive self-confidence. He no longer pronounced emphatically and ultimately on every subject, nor did he seek to dominate, as he had always done, the company in which he found himself. I was surprised to see him so courteous and attentive to George. He moved unobtrusively about the room while Lettie was chattering, and in his demeanour there was a new reserve, a gentleness and grace. It was charming to see him offering the cigarettes to George, or, with beautiful tact, asking with his eyes only whether he should refill the glass of his guest, and afterward replacing it softly close to the other’s hand.

To Lettie he was unfailingly attentive, courteous, and undemonstrative.

Towards the end of my holiday he had to go to London on business, and we agreed to take the journey together. We must leave Woodside soon after eight o’clock in the morning. Lettie and he had separate rooms. I thought she would not have risen to take breakfast with us, but at a quarter-past seven, just as Rebecca was bringing in the coffee, she came downstairs. She wore a blue morning gown, and her hair was as beautifully dressed as usual.


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Rh “Why, my darling, you shouldn’t have troubled to come down so early,” said Leslie, as he kissed her.

“Of course, I should come down,” she replied, lifting back the heavy curtains and looking out on the snow where the darkness was wilting into daylight. “I should not let you go away into the cold without having seen you take a good breakfast. I think it is thawing. The snow on the rhododendrons looks sodden and drooping. Ah, well, we can keep out the dismal of the morning for another hour.” She glanced at the clock—“just an hour!” she added. He turned to her with a swift tenderness. She smiled to him, and sat down at the coffee-maker. We took our places at table.

“I think I shall come back to-night,” he said quietly, almost appealingly.

She watched the flow of the coffee before she answered. Then the brass urn swung back, and she lifted her face to hand him the cup.

“You will not do anything so foolish, Leslie,” she said calmly.

He took his cup, thanking her, and bent his face over the fragrant steam.

“I can easily catch the 7:15 from St. Pancras,” he replied, without looking up.

“Have I sweetened to your liking Cyril?” she asked, and then, as she stirred her coffee she added, “It is ridiculous Leslie! You catch the 7.15 and very probably miss the connection at Nottingham. You can’t have the motor-car there, because of the roads. Besides, it is absurd to come toiling home in the cold slushy night when you may just as well stay in London and be comfortable.”


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Detective stories for boys! Jerry Todd and his trusty pals solve many a baffling mystery in their home town, much to the amusement of all who read of their adventures.

JERRY TODD AND THE WHISPERING MUMMY Having been duly appointed "Juvenile Jupiter Detectives" Jerry Todd and his trusty pals little realize how fast things are going to happen. First comes the amazing adventure in the museum in Tutter College. Did the mummy actually whisper? And did it later vanish of its own accord?

JERRY TODD AND THE ROSE-COLORED CAT Cats by the dozens; cats by the hundreds; and most important of all, a mysterious five-hundred dollar rose-colored cat. Then comes the lamentable accident to Lady Victoria's aristocratic tail; the operation; the overdose of chloroform; the funeral. There is a laugh on every page.

JERRY TODD AND THE OAK ISLAND TREASURE Jerry Todd and his pals set themselves up in the show business by transforming a disused clay scow of Mr. Todd's into a floating theatre. And a very wonderful show it is! Certainly it leads the boys into exceptional adventures.

JERRY TODD AND THE WALTZING HEN That strange hen? Why does it waltz? And what is the secret of the prowling peril? Then, even as the Hindu had earlier died so quickly and mysteriously, the boys' old friend disappears. Then comes the final ludicrous climax.

JERRY TODD AND THE TALKING FROG Jerry Todd and his chums leagued together to help another boy save a peculiar invention of his father's, a talking frog, from thieving hands,—wait breathlessly in the lonely brick house where the puzzle maker had met with such a strange death. Fun and mystery here!


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A splendid new line of interesting tales for the little ones, introducing many of the well known characters of fairyland in a series of novel adventures. The Flyaways are a happy family and every little girl and boy will want to know all about them.

THE FLYAWAYS AND CINDERELLA How the Flyaways went to visit Cinderella only to find that Cinderella's Prince had been carried off by the Three Robbers, Rumbo, Hibo and Jobo. "I'll rescue him!" cried Pa Flyaway and then set out for the stronghold of the robbers. A splendid continuation of the original story of Cinderella.

THE FLYAWAYS AND LITTLE RED RIDING HOOD On their way to visit Little Red Riding Hood the Flyaways fell in with Tommy Tucker and The Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe. They told Tommy about the Magic Button on Red Riding Hood's cloak. How the wicked Wolf stole the Magic Button and how the wolves plotted to eat up Little Red Riding Hood and all her family, and how the Flyaways and King Cole sent the wolves flying, makes a story no children will want to miss.

THE FLYAWAYS AND GOLDILOCKS The Flyaways wanted to see not only Goldilocks but also the Three Bears and they took a remarkable journey through the air to do so. Tommy even rode on a Rocket and met the monstrous Blue Frog. When they arrived at Goldilock's house they found that the Three Bears had been there before them and mussed everything up, much to Goldilock's despair. "We must drive those bears out of the country!" said Pa Flyaway, Then they journeyed underground to the Yellow Palace, and oh! so many things happened after that!


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Rh He went down the steps and into the car without looking at her. She waited in the doorway as we moved round. In the black-grey morning she seemed to harbour the glittering blue sky and the sunshine of March in her dress and her luxuriant hair. He did not look at her till we were curving to the great, snow-cumbered rhododendrons, when, at the last moment he stood up in a sudden panic to wave to her. Almost as he saw her the bushes came between them and he dropped dejectedly into his seat.

“Good-bye!” we heard her call cheerfully and tenderly like a blackbird.

“Good-bye!” I answered, and: “Good-bye Darling, Good-bye!” he cried, suddenly starting up in a passion of forgiveness and tenderness.

The car went cautiously down the soddened white path, under the trees.

I suffered acutely the sickness of exile in Norwood. For weeks I wandered the streets of the suburb, haunted by the spirit of some part of Nethermere. As I went along the quiet roads where the lamps in yellow loneliness stood among the leafless trees of the night I would feel the feeling of the dark, wet bit of path between the wood meadow and the brooks. The spirit of that wild little slope to the Mill would come upon me, and there in the suburb of London I would walk wrapt in the sense of a small wet place in the valley of Nethermere. A strange voice within me rose and called for the hill path; again I could feel the wood waiting for me, calling and calling, and I crying for the wood, yet the space of many miles was between us. Since I


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394 “At any rate I should get the 10.30 down to Lawton Hill,” he urged.

“But there is no need,” she replied, “there is not the faintest need for you to come home to-night. It is really absurd of you. Think of all the discomfort! Indeed I should not want to come trailing dismally home at midnight, I should not indeed. You would he simply wretched. Stay and have a jolly evening with Cyril.”

He kept his head bent over his plate and did not reply. His persistence irritated her slightly.

“That is what you can do!” she said. “Go to the pantomime. Or wait—go to Maeterlinck’s ‘Blue Bird.’ I am sure that is on somewhere. I wonder if Rebecca has destroyed yesterday’s paper. Do you mind touching the bell, Cyril?” Rebecca came, and the paper was discovered. Lettie carefully read the notices, and planned for us with zest a delightful programme for the evening. Leslie listened to it all in silence.

When the time had come for our departure Lettie came with us into the hall to see that we were well wrapped up. Leslie had spoken very few words. She was conscious that he was deeply offended, but her manner was quite calm, and she petted us both brightly.

“Good-bye dear!” she said to him, when he came mutely to kiss her. “You know it would have been miserable for you to sit all those hours in the train at night. You will have ever such a jolly time. I know you will. I shall look for you to-morrow. Good-bye, then, Good-bye!”


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396 left the valley of home I have not much feared any other loss. The hills of Nethermere had been my walls, and the sky of Nethermere my roof overhead. It seemed almost as if, at home, I might lift my hand to the ceiling of the valley, and touch my own beloved sky, whose familiar clouds came again and again to visit me, whose stars were constant to me, born when I was born, whose sun had been all my father to me. But now the skies were strange over my head, and Orion walked past me unnoticing, he who night after night had stood over the woods to spend with me a wonderful hour. When does day now lift up the confines of my dwelling place, when does the night throw open her vastness for me, and send me the stars for company? There is no night in a city. How can I lose myself in the magnificent forest of darkness when night is only a thin scattering of the trees of shadow with barrenness of lights between!

I could never lift my eyes save to the Crystal Palace, crouching, cowering wretchedly among the yellow-grey clouds, pricking up its two round towers like pillars of anxious misery. No landmark could have been more foreign to me, more depressing, than the great dilapidated palace which lay forever prostrate above us, fretting because of its own degradation and ruin.

I watched the buds coming on the brown almond trees; I heard the blackbirds, and I saw the restless starlings; in the streets were many heaps of violets, and men held forward to me snowdrops whose white mute lips were pushed upwards in a bunch: but these things had no meaning for me, and little interest.


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Rh Most eagerly I waited for my letters. Emily wrote to me very constantly:

“Don’t you find it quite exhilarating, almost intoxicating, to be so free? I think it is quite wonderful. At home you cannot live your own life. You have to struggle to keep even a little apart for yourself. It is so hard to stand aloof from our mothers, and yet they are only hurt and insulted if you tell them what is in your heart. It is such a relief not to have to be anything to anybody, but just to please yourself. I am sure mother and I have suffered a great deal from trying to keep up our old relations. Yet she would not let me go. When I come home in the evening and think that I needn’t say anything to anybody, nor do anything for anybody, but just have the evening for myself, I am overjoyed.

“I have begun to write a story——”

Again, a little later, she wrote:

“As I go to school by Old Brayford village in the morning the birds are thrilling wonderfully and everything seems stirring. Very likely there will be a set-back, and after that spring will come in truth.

“When shall you come and see me? I cannot think of a spring without you. The railways are the only fine exciting things here—one is only a few yards away from school. All day long I am watching the great Midland trains go south. They are very lucky to be able to rush southward through the sunshine.

“The crows are very interesting. They flap past all the time we’re out in the yard. The railways and the crows make the charm of my life in Brayford. The other day I saw no end of pairs of crows. Do


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398 you remember what they say at home?—‘One for sorrow.’ Very often one solitary creature sits on the telegraph wires. I almost hate him when I look at him. I think my badge for life ought to be—one crow——.”

Again, a little later:

“I have been home for the week-end. Isn’t it nice to be made much of, to be an important cherished person for a little time? It is quite a new experience for me.

“The snowdrops are full out among the grass in the front garden—and such a lot. I imagined you must come in the sunshine of the Sunday afternoon to see them. It did not seem possible you should not. The winter aconites are out along the hedge. I knelt and kissed them. I have been so glad to go away, to breathe the free air of life, but I felt as if I could not come away from the aconites. I have sent you some—are they much withered?

“Now I am in my lodgings, I have the quite unusual feeling of being contented to stay here a little while—not long—not above a year, I am sure. But even to be contented for a little while is enough for me——.”

In the beginning of March I had a letter from the father:

“You’ll not see us again in the old place. We shall be gone in a fortnight. The things are most of them gone already. George has got Bob and Flower. I have sold three of the cows, Stafford, and Julia and Hannah. The place looks very empty. I don’t like going past the cowsheds, and we miss hearing the horses stamp at night. But I shall not be sorry


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Rh :of negation ' (in sense of simultaneous denial), 5.5
 * of 'number', 6.022 (2)
 * of numbers, 6.02
 * of 'operation', 5.23
 * of 'propositional sign', 3.12
 * of ' propositional variable', 3.313 (3)
 * of 'range', 4.463
 * of 'sign', 3.32
 * of 'simple sign', 3.201
 * of 'structure' (of atomic facts) 2.032
 * of 'successive application', 5.2521 (1)
 * of 'successor', 4.1252 (4)
 * of 'tautology', 4.46 (4)
 * of 'truth-grounds', 5.101 (2)
 * of 'truth-operations', 5.234
 * of 'truth-possibilities', 4.3
 * only an expedient in presentation, 4.242
 * rules for, 5.451 (2)

Denial
 * as determining logical place, 4.0641
 * by means of what is common to all negation symbols, 5.512 (2)
 * is an operation, 5.2341 (2)
 * needs a single definition, 5.451
 * possibility of, presupposed in affirmation, 5.44 (4)
 * occurrence of, does not characterize sense, 4.0621 (2)
 * reverses sense, 5.2341 (3)

Denial, sign of
 * corresponds to nothing in reality, 4.0621
 * does not refer to an object, 5.44 (5)

Description
 * of a fact by a proposition, 4.023 (3)
 * of an object, 4.023 (4)
 * of complex, 3.24 (2)
 * of expressions, 3.33
 * of propositions, 3.317 (2)
 * of reality by a proposition, 4.023 (2)
 * of states of affairs, 3.144
 * of the world

Descriptions, systems of, 6.341

Distinguishability, 2.02331

"Dynamic models", 4.04 (2)

Ego, the non-psychological, 5.641

Elucidation of primitive signs, 3.263 Equality, meaning of sign of, 6.23 (1)

Equations
 * as expressing substitutability, 6.24 (2)
 * characterize a standpoint, 6.2323
 * not needed to express synonymity, 6.232 (2)

Equiprobability, 5.154 (3)

Essence
 * and general form of proposition, 5.471
 * of notation, 3.342
 * of pictorial nature, 4.013
 * of propositions, 3.341, 4.027, 4.03, 4.016, 4.5 (2), 5.471
 * of representation, 4.016
 * of symbol, 3.341, 3.343. 4.465
 * of the world, 5.4711

Essential property, of a thing, to be a possible constituent of atomic fact, 2.011

Eternity, 6.431 1

Ethics, 6.421, 6.422

Existence
 * of atomic facts, 2.1 1, 4.1
 * of logical place, 3.4

Expedients, in logic, 5.452

Exponent, of an operation, 6.021

Expressions
 * all that need to be translated, 4.025 (1)

Rh


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Rh but as there are 8 in the City, we did not happen to light upon her. Mrs Basset, Abby Shelly, Mr Breed of Lyman(?) took tea with us & so many friends were here in the evening that I cannot tell you half. Johnson & his wife, Mrs Burleigh, S. Grimké. In all there were more than 20 out of the house pe(?) me(?) in the course of the evening. It did us good to see Sarah she appeared in charming spirits & wanted us to come early to the wedding. Lucretia is in most dreadful health. She is on the sopha half the time; she has the dyspepsia as bad as Mary Ann Chandler had. How she manages to have all this company, I know not. She has 5 children, 2 married daughters Anna Hopper & Maria Davis, who are here most of the time & 2 little girls, 10 & 12, & one boy of 14; all very pretty, very good. Anna Hoppers' baby is here most of the time, a baby looking very much like Ann. G. Sullivan & Mis Ball are staying with Mary Green. The Southwicks are at an hotel but of all the hospitality I ever saw commend me. Philadelphia


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Rh Expressions — continued
 * guarantee existence of the logical place, 3.4

have meaning only in a proposition, 3.314 (1)
 * presented by a variable, 3.313 (1)
 * the proposition is a function of them, 3.318
 * the term defined, 3.31 (1)

External property, 2.01231, 2.0233. (See also Internal property)

"Fact", a formal concept, 4.1272 (7, 8)

Facts (Tatsache). (See also States of affairs and Atomic facts)
 * and pictures, 2.1, 2. 11
 * compose the world, i.i, 1.2
 * existence of, 2
 * mutual independence of, 1.21
 * negative, 2.06 (2)
 * required for expression of sense, 3.142
 * the world divides into, 1.2
 * totality of, 1.11

Fate, and the ancients, 6.372 (1)

Feature, explained, 4.1221

Features of symbols, express formal properties, 4.125 (6)

Form. (See also Possibility)
 * and possibility of structure, 2.033
 * and substance, 2.025
 * cannot be said to have properties, 4. 1 241
 * general, of propositions, 4.5, 4.47
 * general prepositional,
 * and truth operations, 5.54
 * is a variable, 4.53
 * logical, 2.18. (See also Prototype)
 * and variable, 3.315
 * cannot be represented in proposition, 4.12, 4.121 (1)
 * how determined by a sign, 3.327
 * of propositions, 4.0031
 * of a spot, 4.063
 * of expressions, 3.31 (4)
 * shown by substitutability, 6.23 (2)
 * of functions, 3.333 (2)
 * of objects, 2.0141, 2.0233, 2.0251
 * of propositions, 3.311
 * of reality, 2.18
 * of representation
 * defined, 2.151
 * function of, in pictures, 2.22
 * is shown forth, 2.172
 * of the world consists of objects 2.022-3
 * of values of a variable, 4.1271 (2)

Formal, equated with logical 6.12 (1)

Formal concept
 * already given with object to which it applies, 4.12721
 * as primitive idea, 4.12721
 * characteristics of, 4.126 (5, 7)
 * defined, 4.126 (1)
 * examples of, 4.1272 (7, 8)
 * expressed by variables, 4.126 (8), 4.127
 * opposed to "proper" concept, 4.126 (2)
 * questions about existence of,
 * senseless, 4.127

Formal law, as determining formal series, 5.501 (6)

Formal properties
 * connexion with structure, 5.321
 * explained, 4.122 (1)
 * expressed by features of symbols, 4.126 (6)

Formal series
 * defined, 4.1252 (1)

Rh


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Rh :example of, 4.45 (2)
 * expression for general term of, 5.2522
 * general term of, 4.1273 (2)
 * needs variables, 4.1273
 * of truth functions, 5.1 (1)
 * progress from term to term of, 5.252

Freedom of the will, 5.1362 (1)

Frege, 3.143, 3.318, 3.325, 4.063 (1), 4.1272 (8), 4-1273, 4.4431, 5.02 (3), 5.132 (4), 5.42, 5.451, 5.4733 (1), 5.521, 6.1271, 6.232 (1)

Frequency, of occurrence of events, 5.154 (1)

"Function", a formal concept, 4.1273 (7, 8)

Function
 * and composition, 5.47 (3)
 * cannot be its own argument, 3333. 5.251
 * cannot present formal concepts, 4.126 (4)
 * distinct from operation, 5.25 (3)
 * elementary proposition is a, of names 4.24 (2)
 * proposition is a, of names, 3.318, 4.24 (2)

Future, no knowledge of, 6.26311

Generality
 * accidental, 6.031 (2), 6.1232
 * concept of, separated from truth-function, 5.521
 * essential
 * needed in mathematics, 6.031 (2)
 * opposed to accidental generality, 6.1232
 * how shown, 5.1311 (2)
 * how symbolized, 4.0411
 * its notation contains a prototype, 3.24 (3). 5.522
 * symbol for, occurs as an argument, 5.523
 * symbolism for, makes constants prominent, 5.522
 * refers to logical prototype, 5.522

Geometrical place, and possibility, 3.41 1

Geometry, as a priori, 6.35 (1)

God, 6.432, 6.372 (1)

"Green is green", 3.323 (3)

Hertz, 4.04 (2), 6.361

Hieroglyphic writing, 4.016

Idealists, their explanation of seeing spatial relations, 4.0412

Identity
 * cannot be asserted, 6.2322
 * criticism of Russell's definition of, 5.5302
 * how expressed, 5.53, 5.531, 5.532. 5.5321
 * not a property, 5.473 (2)
 * not a relation between objects, 5.5301 (1)
 * of sign-tokens, 3.203
 * sign of
 * dispensable, 5.533, 6.232 (2)
 * its meaning, 4.241 (2)

Immortality, 6.4312 (1)

Inconceivability, and internality of properties, 4.123

Independence, of propositions, defined, 5.152 (1)

Index (of a name)
 * explained, 5.02
 * confused with argument, 5.02 (3)

Induction
 * as assumption of simplicity, 6.363
 * has only psychological foundation, 6.3631 (1)


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Rh Induction, law of
 * not a logical law, 6.31
 * not a priori, 6.31

Inference
 * is a priori, 5.133
 * "Laws of", senseless, 5.132(4)

Internal properties. (See also Formal properties)
 * and features, 4.1221
 * and inconceivability, 4.123 (1)
 * and structure, 4.122 (2)
 * knowledge of, needed for knowledge of objects, 2.01231
 * of a proposition, describe reality, 4.023 (4)
 * of possible states of affairs, 4.124 (1), 4.125
 * their holding is shown, 4.122(4)

Internal relations
 * and deducibility, 5.131
 * and definition of formal series, 4.1252 (1)
 * between structures of propositions, 5.2
 * equivalent to operations, 5.232
 * of statement about a complex to a statement about constituents, 3.24 (1)
 * representation as an instance, 4.014 (1)

Internal similarity, 4.0141

"Is," meanings of, 3.323 (2)

Language (See also Ordinary Language)
 * able to express every sense, 4.022 (1)
 * as supplying intuition, 6.233
 * "critique of", 4.0031
 * disguises the thought, 4.002 (4)
 * is totality of propositions, 4.001
 * limits of my, 5.6
 * logic of, 4.002 (3), 4.003 (1)
 * translation of, 3.343

Law of least action, 6.3211

Laws of nature, not explanations, 6.371

Life, the problem of, 6.52, 6.521

Logic. (See also Logical propositions)
 * all is accident outside, 6.3
 * all questions of, answerable off-hand, 5.551 (1)
 * and mechanics, 6.342
 * application of, 5.5521, 5.557
 * as all-embracing, world reflecting, 5.511
 * calculation in, 6.121 (1)
 * cannot cross limits of world, 5.61 (3)
 * deals with possibilities, 2.0121 (3). 5.555 (3)
 * every proposition of, its proof, 6.1265
 * expedients in, 5.452, 5.511
 * impossibility of " contradicting ", 3.03-3.032, 5.4731
 * impossibility of describing the world in, 5.61 (2)
 * irrelevance of monism and dualism to, 4.128 (2)
 * is a priori, 5.4541 (2), 5.4731, 5.551 (1)
 * is transcendental, 6.13 (2)
 * its propositions are tautologies, 6.1, 6.22
 * laws of, do not obey further laws, 6.123 (1)
 * must take care of itself, 5.454 (1)
 * no classification in, 5.454 (1)
 * no mistakes possible in, 5.473 (3)
 * no numbers in, 5.453 (2)
 * no primitive propositions in, 6.127 (1)
 * no surprises in, 6.1251
 * not a natural science, 6.111
 * not a theory, 6.13 (1)
 * nothing accidental in, 2.012
 * of constituents, shown by tautologies, 6.12 (2)

Rh


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xiv


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Rh


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Rh To the above brief allusions to the principal events of Chinese history, a regular list of Chinese emperors will be added in the Appendix, with some of the remarkable occurrences of each successive dynasty. This list is made up from the Kang-këen-e-che, a Chinese historical work, and is calculated according to the cycle of sixty years, compared with the eras of the western world, that both the Chinese scholar and the European reader may be alike assisted in referring to it. Some explanation of the cycle will be required, for those who wish to consult the list. This mode of reckoning has been adopted by the Chinese from the commencement of their monarchy. They ascribe its invention to Hwang-te, who lived in the traditionary period, before the flood of Yaou. The latter is said to have commenced his reign in the forty-first year of the fifth cycle, while the cycle itself is said to have begun with the sixty-first year of the reign of Hwang-te. During the period anterior to Yaou, however, the events of history, in Chinese books, are not marked by the years of the cycle, while subsequent to Yaou's accession, every important occurrence is carefully noted down by the appropriate horary character, so that a student can easily ascertain the date of any given event, by a reference to this mode of calculation. The inference, therefore, is, that the cycle was not known before Yaou, if so early; and that the assumption of the forty-first year of the fifth cycle, for the accession of that monarch is merely arbitrary, for the sake of fixing the date of subsequent, rather than of preceding events. The sixty years of the cycle are made out by joining ten horary characters, called the "ten celestial stems," with twelve others, called the "twelve terrestrial branches." These united together,


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164 Of course any information he may be pleased to give at those times, as being the result of his conference with Konikatnie, is fiction pure and simple concocted by himself whilst absent from the tribe; it is necessary, however, if he should retain his power in the tribe, that he should from time to time fabricate such romances as are calculated to have that effect, and, without doubt, the ability which they possess and display in this description of literary composition is truly marvellous.

Arabian tales, of good and evil genii, are as nothing compared to the wonders related by these imposters; and the utter ignorance of the aborigines, together with their extraordinary superstitious beliefs, induces them to give perfect credence to whatever these charlatans may be pleased to advance. The manner in which they graduate for the office of Bangal is somewhat peculiar, and it requires the display of great daring, besides the possession of much moral courage on the part of a would-be candidate to carry out the programme to a successful issue. When a Bangal dies, and has been buried, a Loondthal (hut) is neatly erected over the grave, and whoever has sufficient temerity to seek the vacant office of the defunct, must go at sundown, the first night of the new moon, and place himself in the mausoleum, and thus remain until sunrise the following morning. This proceeding has to be repeated every night until the moon has waxed and waned, and if he successfully undergoes the loathsome ordeal without flinching, he is deemed to have graduated satisfactorily, and is consequently inducted forthwith to the vacant office with its train of honours, duties and privations; and of


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16 of course, exhibit an excess of two branches, after every ten stems, which, being carried over to the next row, vary the associations, until the ten stems are repeated six times, thus forming sixty: when the process has to begin again. The origin of the ten stems may be ascribed to the ten digits, and of the twelve branches, to the twelve signs of the zodiac, which are to be met with in all the primitive nations of antiquity, and are supposed by some to be antediluvian. Indeed, the twelve stems are, in calendars and astronomical books, used for the signs of the zodiac, beginning with Aquarius. As the characters denoting these twelve branches have little or no signification in themselves, the common people, in order to remember them the more easily, have attached to each branch-character another word, with the meaning of which they are familiar; as mouse, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, pig, fowl, and dog, which were, probably, the ancient terms for the Chinese signs of the zodiac; so that the supposition that they were, originally, derived from that source, is not altogether without foundation. The Chinese make frequent use of these horary characters in the notation of time, not only as designating years, but months, days, and hours. Thus there are in each year twelve months and three hundred and sixty days; while in each day there are twelve hours, all exhibiting numbers easily denoted by peculiar modifications of twelve. These characters are frequently used in designating the age of individuals, and most requisite in calculating destinies; while in chronological matters, they form the only safe method of denoting time.

The history of China exhibits many traits of human


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165 the latter he has many to contend with, more especially during the periods which he pretends are occupied visiting the Konikatnie, in his humid Loondthal. The greatest scamp in the tribe is usually the candidate who comes forward to fill the departed Bangal's office. As a rule in aboriginal physiology, vagabondism and courage generally go together, and without the latter quality in abundance, it would be virtually impossible to undergo the necessary probationary ordeal, which the office demands of its professors.

One member of every tribe is devoted solely to the office of Ngallow Wattow (postman or messenger). He can travel from tribe to tribe with impunity, whether they should be hostile to his own people, or the contrary; he is employed carrying news backwards and forwards, and it is most wonderful how rapidly anything possessing interest to the aborigines is thus disseminated.

These men also negotiate all barter and trading required by their respective tribes. At the first blush it would almost seem that the aboriginies [sic] could not have very much in the shape of goods to dispose of, but that would be an erroneous conclusion to arrive at; as the districts inhabited by the different tribes produce each their own particular class of commodities, and those alone; therefore, as the aboriginal requirements over the whole of the colony are very similar, the only manner in which many of their wants can be supplied is by means of barter. For example, the tribes inhabiting the mountainous regions have an abundance of stone suitable for making axes of; and the tribes which roam over the vast depression forming the Murray


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Rh character, and a variety of incidents that would well repay the perusal. It was thought sufficient, however, in the present work, merely to allude to the system of chronology adopted by that people, partly to remove an erroneous notion entertained by some, that the Chinese boast of a chronology extending through an almost indefinite period, and partly to establish the fact that, exclusive of their fabulous and traditionary periods, they do possess a series of historical records, extending back to the very first ages of the world, agreeing, in many important points, with the astronomical and chronological calculations of the West, and entitled, in some degree, to confidence and credit.

It will not be unsuitable now to call the attention of the reader to the dominions which have been possessed by these successive dynasties. A glance at the map of China Proper exhibits it as bounded on the south and east, by the ocean; on the west, by Thibet and the desert; and on the north, by the great wall. Two mighty rivers are seen rising, nearly together, in the mountains of the west, one flowing north, and the other south; and, after a lengthened and tortuous course, aproachingapproaching [sic] each other nearly about the centre of China, from whence they flow side by side, till they empty themselves into the eastern sea, not far from each other; the one is called Hoang-ho, or the Yellow River, and the other, Yang-tsze-keang, or the Child of the Ocean.

At the first settlement of the Chinese in their patriarchal regions, they doubtless occupied but a small portion of that space which they now call their own. Rh


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166 river valley have many miles of reed beds, from whence reeds are procured for making spears, and not having any stone for axes on their own territory, they procure it by exchanging reeds with the inhabitants of the stone country, where reeds stout enough for spears do not grow The same mercantile relations obtain in the matter of gums, resins, ochres, etc.

Thus a single glance will suffice to show that the Ngallow Wattows have always abundance of work cut out for them, going from tribe to tribe on trading expeditions.

In consequence of the continuous intercourse with strange tribes, the Ngallow Wattow becomes altogether more liberal in his views, and less narrow-minded, than it is natural for the general aborigine to be; he is accordingly looked up to by his fellows as a sort of oracle, or know everything, with whom it would be folly to dispute or argue.

From an aboriginal point of view, as a rule, these Ngallow Wattows are not overwise, that is to say, in the matter of stategic [sic] cunning essential to their success in the hunting up of game, necessary to their daily wants; they are mere children, in fact they are childish to the verge of imbecility; but in our opinion the very fact of this eccentricity is the reason of their persons being held sacred by tribes hostile to those to which they belong.

Every phase of insanity is venerated by the natives, be it mild or violent, as they consider those so afflicted to be under the special protection of Ngoudmout (Good Spirit), therefore to hurt or otherwise ill-treat one so afflicted would be certain to bring down the vengeance of the Good Spirit upon all concerned.


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167 The aborigines are more peculiar in their tastes than people of a more refined status, inasmuch as they are actually envious of a fellow native who becomes mad; envious of the marked good treatment which he receives on all hands, and of the high consideration in which he is held; consequently madness is very frequently simulated, and sometimes with so much success that months will oftentimes elapse ere the imposture is discovered; but when the madness is found to be only counterfeited then woe betide the pretender from thenceforward; his life then has but small pleasure in it, and it is only wonderful that the amount of ridicule and obloquy which is continually cast upon him does not make him in reality that which he has feigned.

The Ngallow Wattows are always bachelors, consequently have to carry all their own belongings from camp to camp, as well as erect their own solitary Loondthals, bring wood and water, and, in short, do everything which a native having a Lyoor never thinks of doing. Physically these men are small in stature, as a rule, and in flesh spare almost to attenuation; they excel, however, all the other tribal members in physical endurance, especially as regards the powers of making long trying journeys on very short commons; their continual trampings from tribe to tribe keeps them in a state of perpetual training, as it were, and the frequent scarcity of food which they encounter on their weary travels has a tendency to keep down flesh, and makes long fasting somewhat bearable.

The Bangals and Ngallow Wattows in general lead very solitary lives as compared with their fellows, seldom


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18 The first part of the country possessed by their primeval ancestors, soon after the dispersion, was that portion of territory now included in the provinces of Shan-se and Shen-se, on the banks of the Yellow River, just after it crosses the great wall; or the northwestern part of China Proper. Here the land was laid out in portions which were divided into nine equal squares, the outer allotments of which were cultivated by eight separate husbandmen, while the middle plot was wrought by the united strength of the whole, and the proceeds given up for the service of the state. As the population increased, they spread themselves farther eastward, occupying the lands that lie between the Yellow River and the modern wall, as far as the sea; until, in the time of Confucius, the whole of the territory north and south of the Yellow River, as far as the Yang-tsze-keang, was inhabited by tribes speaking the same language, and adopting the same customs, separated into different states, and acknowledging one federal head. In process of time, these were all brought under the dominion of Tsin, and the foundation of that empire was laid, which has been long known to the western world, under the appellation of Sin, Chin, and China. It was long, however, before the emperors of China extended their sway over the tribes lying to the south of the Yang-tsze-keang, and, for many ages, the provinces of Fŭh-këen, Canton, Kwang-se, Yun-nan, and Kwei-chow, were in a state of barbarism, scarcely submitting to the Chinese yoke, and deriving little benefit from the civilizing influence of their northern neighbours. Education, however, and superior tactics, gradually won over the southern states, and the


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 of China became lords of all within the wall and the ocean, and extended their influence from the desert to the eastern sea.

Having thus far progressed, China was soon enabled to enlarge her territories by that which generally circumscribes dominion. She spread, not by conquering, but by being conquered. For many ages, the effeminate Chinese had been exposed to the incursions of the Tartar hordes, which infested their northern border. To keep out these, the great wall was built, but built in vain. First, under the Monguls, and, subsequently, under the Manchows, the Tartar race invaded the territory, and ascended the throne of China. In this, however, the superiority of knowledge over ignorance—of civilization over barbarism—has been apparent. Mencius, a Chinese philosopher, who flourished before the Christian era, has a passage in his works to the following effect: "I have heard of barbarians being improved by the Chinese, but I never heard of the Chinese being improved by barbarians." Thus the Tartars, after subjugating China, instead of altering its institutions, and changing its maxims of government, conformed themselves to the customs and laws already existing in the country, and were, in fact, subdued by the Chinese; while China remained what China was, having only changed its rulers, and gained a great accession of territory.

The modern empire of China assumes a peculiar interest and importance, on account of the extent of its territory. In addition to China Proper, which, with its eighteen rich and fertile provinces, each of them equal in extent and population to some European kingdoms,


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168 in corroberie dances, or joining in the lewd songs common at all great gatherings, deeming such diversions frivolous, and beneath the dignity of their respective offices.

The Bangals are all under the conviction that they possess the power of causing sickness, even unto death, to fall upon whomsoever they please, and the laymen of the tribes are quite certain that such is actually the case; this is, therefore, the principal cause of the awe these imposters inspire their more ignorant fellows with. They, however, never put this pretended power in practice on members of their own tribes, at least they pretend never to do so; upon the Bukeens, on the other hand, they are continually trying the potency of their magic powers.

The mode by which they carry out this fell art of theirs is extremely novel, although it has but very little of the supernatural about it, as the following will plainly show.

Should a Bangal in the course of his wanderings drop across an old encampment of Bukeens he searches about carefully for some debris (such as bones) of the food they have eaten, but should his search for bones, or some other kindred debris, be unsuccessful, as frequently happens (from the fact of its being a habit common to all the aboriginal tribes to consume by fire the bones of the game upon which they have fed before they abandon a camp) he anxiously scans the ground all round the abandoned camp for feculent excrement, and should any of the Bukeens, from laziness or other cause, have omitted to use his paddle or to have used it carelessly, the vigilant Bangal pounces