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 The staff wears a dark green tunic, short-waisted, double-breasted and piped all round with red. The collar and cuffs are red (cuffs black for general staff), buttons and lace usually gold. The trousers are dark grey, piped red (in some cases with stripes of yellow and red). The general staff wears the waist-sash; the adjutant-general’s branch, aides-de-camp, &c., the same sash over the shoulder (as indeed all adjutants wear it in Germany and Austria). The cocked hat is small and has a green feather plume. General officers ordinarily wear dark grey trousers with double red stripe, pearl-grey tunics, cocked hats and waist-sash; their collars and cuffs are red. Inspector-generals of artillery and engineers wear the colours of their arm (brown and jager grey). In court dress, however, Austrian generals wear the old white tunic and red, gold-laced trousers; Hungarian generals an elaborate red hussar dress, with a white pelisse.

Rank is shown by stars and lace on the collar. Lance-corporal, corporal and sergeant have 1, 2 and 3 worsted stars; second lieutenant, first lieutenant and captain 1, 2, and 3 gold or silver stars; major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel 1, 2 and 3 stars on a gold-laced collar; major-general, lieutenant field-marshal and general (or Feldzeugmeister) 1, 2 or 3 stars on laced collar.

The figures in Plate III. represent the uniforms of 1905. Since that time the attempt to combine bright colours with the looseness and comfort of service dress has been abandoned, and the troops have received a more handsome full dress and a grey-green field dress. Little information as to the details of the new uniforms has been published. The ordinary infantry uniform was a double-breasted hooked tunic of dark green cloth, dark green trousers and cap (in full dress a round fur cap). With a few exceptions, details of facings, &c., followed well-marked rules. The number of the regiment appeared on the cap, that of the division on the shoulder-strap. The two regiments of the 1st brigade in each division wore red shoulder-straps, the two of the 2nd brigade blue. The 1st regiment had a red cap band and red collar patches, the 2nd blue, the 3rd white and the 4th green. It is not known how far this has been modified of late years. Regiments with royal colonels-in-chief wear ciphers on the shoulder-strap, and some have double guard-stripes on the collar. In winter a heavy grey-brown greatcoat is worn, usually with a loose sheepskin lining and a fur-lined hood. The grenadiers are distinguished by yellow shoulder-straps (with a narrow edging of red, blue, white and yellow, according to the division). The Guards wear closely fitting tunics, with guard-stripes on the collars and cuff-flaps. In the 1st Guard division the shoulder-straps and piping are red and white, in the 2nd red and red, in the 3rd yellow and yellow respectively. The cuff-flaps are red in 1st, and 2nd, yellow in 3rd division. The colour of the collars and cuffs varies according to the order of regiment within the division. The Pavlovsky regiment wears, instead of the fur cap, the old mitre-cap in brass and stiff red cloth.

Rifles wear the universal pattern uniform with plain cap-band and collar and crimson shoulder-straps. The Finland rifles have light blue instead of crimson, and the Guard rifles have double guard-stripes and stripes on the cuff-flap (or Swedish cuff).

Line dragoons wear a dark green silver or gold buttoned tunic, double-breasted, grey-blue trousers and knee boots. The cap, which was peaked, and had a dark green band, was, in 1905, red for the 1st, blue for the 2nd, and white for the 3rd regiment of each division, the same colours appearing on the collar patches, piping and shoulder-straps. The regimental number (or colonel-in-chief’s cipher) appears on the shoulder-strap. The fur cap is in shape a truncated cone, the body of the cap being of the colour of the facings and the sides of fur. A few regiments had special distinctions.

The cuirassiers (guards) wear in full dress white cuirassier uniforms with brass helmets and eagles, and in field order dark green tunics and white caps. The trousers are grey-blue with red stripe. The Horse Grenadiers wear dark green lancer tunic with red facings, double guard-stripe and cuff-stripe, red girdles and dark grey trousers with red stripes. They wear epaulettes and the curious grenadier cap mentioned above. The Guard Dragoons are dressed as the Horse Grenadiers, but with the dragoon busby and red shoulder-straps. The Guard Lancers wear a lancer uniform resembling the German, blue with scarlet facings, lancer caps and grey-blue trousers. The top of the czapka is scarlet and yellow for the respective regiments. The Emperor’s Hussars wear scarlet tunics and blue trousers, and the Grodno Hussars dark green tunics and crimson trousers (see Plate III., line 2, No. 7), with busby, red busby-bag and white plume; girdles scarlet and blue and green and white, and braid yellow and white respectively.

The artillery tunic, trousers and cap are dark green, the piping and shoulder-strap red. The Guard Artillery has black collar and cuffs, red-edged. The engineers are distinguished from artillery by their having silver buttons and appointments instead of gold.

The greater part of the Cossacks wear a long, loose caftan. This, in the Don, Ural and Astrakhan contingents is dark blue, in the rest, except as mentioned below, dark green. Cossacks Wear no spurs, but use a whip. As for the facings, the Don regiments have plain, and the other blue regiments crimson and yellow shoulder-straps respectively, and the green regiments have red, yellow or light blue. The head-dress is a conical lambskin cap, with cloth top, or a blue or green cap with band of the regimental colour. The Caucasus

regiments, however, wear a more distinctly national uniform, consisting of a dark brown, collarless caftan, cut away below the throat to show a waistcoat, scarlet for Kuban and blue for Terek regiments (Plate III., line 2, No. 6). The shoulder-straps are of the colour of this waistcoat. The Caucasus regiments always wear the full headdress and never the field cap. The Guard Cossacks have short tunics (scarlet, light blue and dark red) with guard-stripes on collar and cuffs, and caps of the same colours. These wear spurs besides carrying whips. The Cossacks of the tsar’s escort wear a scarlet caftan edged with gold braid, white waistcoat and dark blue trousers. The Cossack artillery wears green uniforms of Cossack cut, with red facings.

Badges of rank are as follows: Non-commissioned officers, one, two or three stripes of braid across the shoulder-strap; sergeant-major, a stripe of gold lace across the shoulder-strap. In and above the rank of corporal, gold lace is worn on the collar and cuffs as in Germany. Officers wear broad cloth (red, blue, &c.) shoulder-straps nearly covered by strips of silver or gold lace; on these appear the number or cipher and stars of rank—subalterns one, two and three, second captains four and senior captains none. In these ranks the cloth of the shoulder-strap shows in one narrow strip through the lace. In the field ranks, the cloth, covered by three bars of lace, shows two strips and the same sequence is followed: lieutenant-colonel, three stars; colonel, none. In general officers’ uniforms the lace entirely covers the cloth, and the stars number two for a major-general, three for lieutenant-general and none for a full general.

The universal colour in full dress and undress coats is a dark, flat blue, faintly tinged with purple. Generals, cavalry and infantry (except Bersaglieri) wear blue-grey trousers and silver ornaments; staff officers, artillery and engineers dark blue trousers and gold ornaments.

The coat, whether tunic or frock, has a stand and fall collar, on the corners of which invariably figures a five-pointed silver or white star. The cuffs are slightly pointed, except for cavalry. The full dress head-dress is a low cloth shako, the undress throughout a képi. Generals wear only the képi. The tunic, double-breasted for officers and single-breasted for rank and file, is cut very short, and has little piping. Officers have plain blue shoulder-straps with stars showing rank. A white collar is worn under the coat collar by all ranks. Officers have a blue frock, with black braid and plain cuffs.

Infantry have silver buttons and (rank and file) red-edged shoulder-straps and shoulder wings, blue-grey trousers with red piping (officers, double stripe). The shako is blue with red piping (officers, silver braid), silver device and cockade; the képi (in the rank and file pointed back and front and pressed down at the sides) is similar in colour, &c., to the men’s shako. The belts are black. The Grenadier brigade alone has red collars and cuffs, all others are self-coloured (red edge to cuff). The greatcoat is light blue-grey, single-breasted and unadorned except for shoulder wings. White or holland gaiters are worn with the blue uniform. The brigades are distinguished by gorget patches of the brigade colours, upon which the star is worn. Officers wear a shoulder sash of light blue, and in full dress silver epaulettes.

Cavalry.—Line cavalry have light coloured collars, cuffs and shoulder-strap edges, silver buttons, and blue-grey trousers with double back stripe (officers, of the facings colour). Regimental distinctions are given in the table. The full head-dress is a singularly handsome helmet, partly black, partly bright steel, with a tall swan-neck crest (see Plate IV., line 2, fig. 8) and on the front a broad white cross. The undress cap is a képi with piping as in table. On the men’s shoulder-straps is a silver grenade. The lancers (Lanzieri) have coat and trousers as line cavalry with regimental distinctions given below. On the men’s shoulder-straps are crossed lances. The head-dress is a fur cap, adorned with crossed lances and chain in silver. It has also a cockade and a small upright plume. The crossed lances appear also on the képi. The light horse (Cavallegieri) have a similar coat and trousers, except that the collar has a flame-shaped patch. Shoulder-strap, full headdress and képi as for lancers, with a bugle instead of lances. All cavalry have brown bandoliers over the left shoulder.

Artillery, gold buttons, dark blue trousers, with yellow piping (officers, double yellow stripe). Officers’ tunics have black yellow-edged collars and cuffs, men’s a black yellow-edged collar patch, and yellow edgings on the collars, shoulder-straps and cuff. The badge of the field artillery on shako, képi and men’s shoulder-straps is gold crossed guns; that of the horse and mountain, a gold grenade; fortress artillery are dressed practically as field. The shako has gold badge and short upright plume (horse artillery long black plume, looped back on the right side); the képi piping is yellow. Gold epaulettes and light blue sash are worn by officers, and in the horse artillery a pouch-belt as well. Engineers have the artillery uniform, but with red piping, &c. instead of yellow, and badge of crossed axes. The departmental corps wear, as a rule, black facings with light blue piping, differing amongst themselves in details.

The famous Bersaglieri (light infantry) have the infantry tunic and frock with gold buttons, &c. (officers in full dress, epaulettes), dark blue trousers with crimson stripe. Officers have crimson cuffs, all ranks a blue red-edged collar, with crimson flame patch. The distinctive feature is the dark, wide-brimmed, slouch hat with a

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 large drooping cock’s feather plume. The Alpine infantry (Alpini) have a black felt hat with silver device and eagle feather, tunic, trousers and képi with green instead of red piping throughout. Officers wear black collar with green flame patch and green cuffs.

General officers have a single-breasted tunic with black velvet collar and cuffs laced with silver, red piping, silver shoulder-straps, and silver buttons. Frock, trousers, &c., as shown on Plate IV., line 2, No. 6. Staff officers wear light blue collar and cuffs, dark blue trousers with gold stripe and shako somewhat as for artillery officers. They wear the usual light blue shoulder sash, but over the left, instead of, as in the army at large, over the right shoulder.

The new service dress is blue-grey, regimental distinctions as on the officer’s frock and képi in all arms. Infantry equipment is shown on Plate IV., line 2, No. 9. The cavalry head-dress is a round grey helmet.

Rank Badges.—Non-commissioned officers: Red or silver chevrons above the cuff, and small distinctions on the shako. Officers: On the shoulder-strap, 1, 2 and 3 silver stars for subalterns and captains, the same with narrow silver edging round the strap for field officers, 1, 2 or 3 gold stars on a silver shoulder-strap for general officers; on the shako, silver or gold rings round the upper part, on the képi rings round the lower part of the cap, 1, 2 or 3 for company officers, 1 broader ring and 1, 2 or 3 for field officers. On the general’s képi there is a red, silver-embroidered band with 1, 2 or 3 rings above.

The uniforms, though recent changes have largely deprived them of their character, still in some respects follow the French fashion upon which they were originally modelled. The helmet, worn until 1899, indeed showed no trace of French influence—it was simply a mere showy parade head-dress. The French képi, worn during and after the Civil War, has been abolished and replaced by a cap which, like the full-dress cap now worn, bears some resemblance to the japanese cap. But the long-skirted blue tunic, the general’s “chapeau,” the sergeant’s and corporal’s long pointed chevrons still survive to recall the old uniforms, and one or two of the innovations, the rank badges on the sleeve, are also French.

Infantry Officers.—Full dress: universal pattern tunic (dark blue, double-breasted with thick gold shoulder cord) with light blue, gold-laced collar, light blue trousers with white stripe, badges of rank and branch on sleeve. Universal pattern full-dress peaked cap (stiff blue cloth, gold-edged band, and eagle badge, with light blue band). Undress: universal pattern frock (dark blue, single-breasted, braided black and hooked; across the shoulder, flat loops edged with gold lace and bearing rank badges); shoulder loop light blue; plain collar with U.S. and branch badge in gold; trousers as in full dress. Sword belt under the frock, slings brown leather. Cap, of the same shape as full-dress cap but with plain black braid band. A white undress of similar pattern is worn in hot climates. Service dress (olive drab or light khaki). Coat,

single-breasted, four pockets, stand and fall collar, bronze buttons and ornaments. Brown waistbelt and braces, somewhat similar to British “Sam Browne,” but with sword slings. Peaked cap, plain olive drab or khaki, with bronze eagle badge. Slouch hat, grey, with gold and black twisted cord.

Evening dress and mess dress: blue, with shoulder cords and rank-marks as in full dress, blue trousers. Greatcoat, universal pattern, khaki with horn buttons; rank-marks in black braid on the sleeve, branch badge in bronze.

Cavalry officers as infantry, but with yellow collar, cap-band and trousers stripes as full dress and branch badge.

Artillery officers as infantry, but with red collar, cap-band and trousers stripes, and branch badge.

Engineer officers as infantry, but branch badge, red ground with white edges on full-dress collar and cap. Full-dress trousers, dark blue with red, white-edged stripe; undress, light blue with red stripe. In full dress engineer officers have the special distinction of wearing red skirt-flaps with white line and gold edge. Signal Corps, as infantry, but with branch badge and salmon collar, capband, &c. Signal officers, alone in the army, wear a pouch-belt: this is of black leather—crimson leather for the chief of the corps—with gold appointments. Ordnance Corps, as infantry, but dark blue red-edged trousers stripes, &c., and branch badge. Medical, as infantry, but with magenta stripes, &c., and branch badge.

Generals and Staff Officers.—Major-generals (and with a third star lieutenant-generals), dark blue double-breasted tunic with buttons in threes, and cuffs and collar of black velvet ornamented with oak-leaf gold embroidery, above the cuffs two silver stars; gold epaulettes and aiguillette, wide yellow waist-sash; dark blue trousers with two gold stripes: slings, and waist-belt if worn, crimson leather with gold stripes. “Chapeau” or cocked hat (French pattern) black felt with black feather edging and gold ornament; full-dress cap, universal pattern, with black velvet band, embroidered on band and peak as on full-dress cuffs. Undress: blue frock, double-breasted, with buttons in threes, “stand and fall” collar with U.S. in gold; rank marks on shoulder loops; plain dark blue trousers, universal pattern undress caps with oak-leaves on the peak only. White undress uniform is similar. Brigadier-generals, as major-generals with the following distinctions: one star on the sleeve or shoulder-loop, narrow yellow sash, buttons in pairs, plain black strap instead of crimson waist-belt (with, however, crimson and gold slings). Service dress and overcoats (all general officers) universal pattern: on the slouch hat a gold cord instead of black and gold. Evening and mess dress, universal pattern, with cuffs, collar and epaulettes as in full dress. Certain general officers who are chiefs of departments wear some of the distinctions of their branch; thus the adjutant-general, the quartermaster-general, &c., wear the branch badge below the stars, the chief of engineers the scarlet engineer skirt flap, the chief of artillery a crimson waist-sash instead of yellow. In undress these officers have a ground of their branch colour instead of dark blue on the shoulder loops. Staff officers are in the main uniformed in the same way as those of infantry, but wear dark blue trousers (in full dress a gold stripe), black and gold belts and slings, branch badge on sleeve, and full-dress collars, full-dress cap-bands and undress shoulder loops of the branch colour.

Branch and Line Badges.—General staff, a silver star, decorated with eagle device; inspector-general’s department, sword and “fasces” crossed in wreath, gold; adjutant-general’s department. gold shield with U.S. arms; quartermaster-general’s department, sword and key crossed, surmounted by eagle, over a wheel, gold; ordnance, grenade; commissary or subsistence, silver crescent; infantry, gold crossed rifles; cavalry, gold crossed swords; artillery, gold crossed guns; engineers, silver castle; signal corps, crossed flags and torch; medical, winged Aesculapius staff. Aides-de-camp wear a shield like the adjutant-general’s but in red, white and blue enamel and surmounted by an eagle; adjutants, quartermasters, commissaries, &c., of the combatant arms wear a shield, sword and key, crescent, &c, under the guns, swords, &c, of the regiment or corps.

Branch and Arm Colours.—Infantry, light blue; cavalry, yellow; artillery, red; engineers, red with white edge; signal corps, salmon with white edge; quartermaster’s department, yellow ochre; ordnance, blue with crimson edge; other staffs and departments, light blue; medical, magenta; general staff, dark blue.

Badges of Rank.—Officers: general, lieutenant-general, major-general, brigadier-general, stars 4, 3, 2, and 1 respectively, in all orders of dress. Other officers, in undress, silver on a shoulder loop of coloured cloth according to branch; colonel, spread eagle; lieutenant-colonel, pair of oak-leaf sprigs; major as lieutenant-colonel but in gold; captain, two pairs of bars; 1st lieutenant, one pair of bars; 2nd lieutenant, no badge: in full dress, evening dress and greatcoat, colonel fivefold, lieutenant-colonel fourfold, major threefold, captain twofold, 1st lieutenant single Austrian knot of narrow gold braid, 2nd lieutenant no Austrian knot. Field officers have black leather waist-belt and slings completely covered with gold braid, and also oak-leaf embroidery on the peak of the full-dress cap. Captains and lieutenants have similar belts, but with four gold braids only; in the infantry, cavalry, artillery and engineers the intervening spaces (“lights”) are coloured light blue, yellow, &c, while in other cases the black leather is allowed to appear.

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2 and calico, and overalls, and jumpers, and cutlery. The back part of the long room was permeated with the smell of nails and ham; with the insistent sub-effluvia of oats, of tea, and of cinnamon. Rows of brilliantly wrapped canned vegetables lined the shelves, and beautiful advertising chromos were tacked up in conspicuous places. Anything that could possibly be wished for, could be bought, and anything not in sight, could be ordered,—from a Walter Wood reaper, to an Amoskeag fire engine.

It was a Monday morning, and it had been raining. If there was one dismal place to look out upon when it rained it was the town of Oakland. Through the obscuring drizzle, the wooden buildings that surrounded the square looked like huge freight cars, all ready at a signal to be pulled out in different directions. The residences of the townsfolk were not very much in evidence, but rambled off toward the railroad station a half mile or more away.

A big farm wagon towed by two plunging grays, their legs brown with mud, trundled and rumbled noisily through the heavy ruts and stopped at Van Clees & Jackson's platform. A young man in a yellow "slicker," with a

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Rh beard growing up to his eyes, tied the reins to the seat and jumped out. After an admonitory curse at the tired horses, he flung open the door and stamped into the store.

He peered down the narrow room.

"Hello, Newt!" he shouted, leaning over the counter, and giving a fat, gray cat a poke with the butt of his whip, "Going to the dance this evening?"

This remark was not addressed to the cat, as might be supposed, but to a young man who sat at a desk with a tall wooden railing, reading a book by the light of a dimly burning lamp. "Well, I don't know, Al," this young man answered, untangling his legs from the rungs of the high stool. "Mabel has kinder set her heart on going, so I suppose I'll turn up. Are the Dixon boys coming?"

"Harry calls off the figures, so he told me," said the first speaker, "and Dirk's goin' to play the fiddle. Let's have some pipe-fodder. I'm run out."

The clerk walked down behind the counter, but, before he reached up on the shelf, the two young men shook hands, without making any further remarks at all.

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4 When Al had pocketed the tobacco, which was tied up in a long, tight bag like a sausage, he slouched into a comfortable position and poked the gray cat again; this offended her dignity evidently, for she slid silently from the counter and dodged behind a flour barrel.

"The Eagle kinder complimented you on the way you took Bord McGovern last Wednesday," said Al, giving a glance out across the square at the only brick building in town (which happened to be the jail), "an' Sheriff Holly says you done a good piece of work too," he added.

"Oh, pshaw!" said the clerk, "It wasn't much. Bord didn't have anything against me. He came along as peaceably as a lamb."

"More like a bull with a ring in his nose, I reckon," said the other. "He'd swan he'd drill a hole through any one that tried to take him."

"Changed his mind, I guess," was the calm rejoinder. "How are things out your way?"

Al pushed himself to his feet and began buttoning his long, yellow coat.

"Oh, looking up a little," he answered; "going to dig a new well this spring."

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Rh "That so? Don't forget to give us the order for the wind-mill," called the other.

"Bet your life I won't," said Al, from the threshold; then he slammed the door behind him, thumped into the spring seat, and cursed the horses into action.

Newton Wilberforce Hart, for that was the clerk's name in full, went back to the lamp (it was very dark in the store on rainy days) and opened his book. It was an old-fashioned volume and it gave forth the attractive, musty smell that the bookworm delights in. It was written by somebody (long since forgotten) on The Laws of Civil Government. The young man read a few lines, and then closed the book with a snap that sent some of the loose waybills flying off the desk lid on to the floor. He picked them carefully up, and, turning down the lamp, walked to the front of the store. Two months before he had been appointed deputy sheriff, and had signalized his appointment immediately by taking into custody Mr. Bord McGovern, who, after committing various offences great and small, had long defied the authorities along the Platte River; the gentleman's last little venture being the wounding of

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6 a United States Marshal, who objected to the manner in which Mr. McGovern dispensed bad corn whiskey at his State-line shanty.

It would have pleased most men, or women, for that matter, who studied character, to look at Messrs. Van Clees and Jackson's chief clerk. He had a great pair of shoulders, and a broad, flat back; his face was not handsome, but his eyes were well set in his head; his thick hair rose straight from his forehead and waved slightly at the top, much in the manner that we see affected in portraits of the early part of the century. His face was smooth-shaven, which was out of the usual run in a place where the barber always complimented the young men on their mustaches, but it had the blue-black appearance of a heavy growth of beard. Mr. Hart's mouth was straight and very strong; he stood a shade over six feet in his boots, and the scales in the back of the store had shown his weight to be one hundred and eighty pounds with his coat off. He was twenty-three years old.

A year before, when he had been teaching the school at the Junction, he had first made a name for himself by bumping two of the

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Rh heads together, and compelling the largest, a husky youth of nineteen, to write, "I will be a good boy," twenty times on the black-board. As the failure of the Junction school had been attributed to the muscular resistance made by this youth and his companions to the introduction of knowledge thereabouts, the committee had upheld Mr. Hart, and, strange to say, the unruly scholars had become his friends and admirers. It was one of these who was going to call off the figures at the coming dance.

As he stood looking into the rain, the deputy sheriff was thinking things over. He realized the difficulties which confronted him; it was his ambition to become a member of, the bar of the State of Nebraska, but the obstacles that arose before his vision were great and many; the necessity of knowledge never appeared so strong as it had in the last few weeks.

Suddenly there was a clattering on the rickety stairway that led down from the second floor. Hart recognized the footsteps, and sang out, "Hullo!" without turning to see who it was.

The Van Clees lived up above, and Hart's courtship of the buxom daughter of the senior

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8 member had been conducted at first by conversations up the stairway, but, after the capture of Bord McGovern, Mabel's heart had softened, and Van Clees, greatly delighted, had accepted his clerk as his future son-in-law. It was father Van Clees himself who was coming down the stairway. Odd to remark, Mr. Hart called his employer by a nick-name.

"I say, Van," he said, "we'll have to get a boom on this town somehow. Did you ever see anything so dead as that?"

He nodded his head toward the square, where two or three spectral-looking horses, tied to a well-gnawed hitching post, were the only living things in sight.

"There was a man here last week going to put in a lumber yard," said Mr. Van Clees, yawning, and taking a position by his clerk's side. "Look here, Newt, how would you like to go to Omaha to-morrow, and buy a bill of goods? I think we could do better than ordering by mail. Look at them cheeses last week."

"Why, certainly, I will go," said Hart, turning. "There are some things I would like to get there too." He had in his mind a ring among the other things.

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Rh "Newt! Oh, Newt!" came a voice down the stairway.

Mr. Van Clees jerked his thumb over his shoulder.

"She's kinder anxious about the dance to-night; wants to know what to wear."

Hart moved quickly back to the stairs, and, after some conversation in a low voice, trotted up to the second story. The older man smiled contentedly. It would be a relief to him to have his daughter married. To tell the truth, she had a will of her own, and had displayed a partiality for somehow getting into conversation with the drummers, and Mr. Van Clees distrusted the travelling fraternity, having an opinion of his own concerning their habits and their general ideas about young women. With the aid of the village dressmaker and the fashion papers, Miss Van Clees had long been renowned as the best-dressed girl in town. But the father hoped that the cares of matrimony would tone her down as a mere matter of economy.

It might be well to say that "Jackson," whose name appeared upon the advertisements of the store, was a silent partner who lived some thirty miles away at Plattemouth, whence

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10 he shipped cattle and hogs to the hungry East. The prospective father-in-law was wording in his mind a letter to his partner, telling him the news of Mabel's engagement, when a woman with a wet shawl around her head, and a basket upon her arm, entered the store.

Mr. Van Clees dropped his cogitations to sell her a side of bacon.

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496 confidence from his success six years before in a similar expedition; and if the attempt was imprudent, it was also necessary. The force which had been collected seemed adequate to overbear all anticipated opposition. A hundred and fifty armed vessels, with as many transports, carried an army of twenty thousand infantry and two thousand horse.

A landing was effected, not without difficulty, at some distance from the town. The troops were on shore, the stores were still in the transports, when, on the second night after their arrival, a hurricane arose so desperately violent, that before morning the wrecks of half the fleet were strewed along the beach, and the Arabs were murdering the crews. The remainder had cut their cables and escaped destruction, but were driven into an anchorage three days' march from the unprovided army. Charles had no alternative but to follow them. In a hostile country, without food, and surrounded by swarms of light-armed Moorish cavalry, who made foraging parties impossible, and ran their lances through every weary loiterer who dropped behind the ranks, he secured the retreat of a fraction of his followers, and in December he was again in Spain, crippled by the expense of the fruitless effort, and weakened even more by the moral effects of his misfortune.

Francis, on the receipt of the happy intelligence, was more than ever satisfied that he might venture on the plunge, dare the world's opinion, and make allies of so fortunate auxiliaries. In spite of De Guasto, he


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1542.] had established safe communication with Constantinople. In the beginning of January Sir William Paget wrote from Paris that he was raising money and hastening his preparations for war; and on the 24th of the same month there came intelligence of an event in the Adriatic significant of an immediate explosion. 'It may like your Majesty,' Paget again informed the King, 'to understand that in Friola, a province of Italy, not far from Venice, there is a haven town called Maran, which standeth in the heart of the province, and is an entry into all places in Italy, and a way also into Almayn. The town is impregnable but by treason. In the haven may float three or four hundred galleys. Which town was some time the Venetians', and since by practice hath come to the Emperor's hands, who, after he had brought it to such a force and strength, gave it to his brother King Ferdinand. The French King hath a servant in Friola, a gentleman of the best house in that country, called Signer Germanico, who, with another captain called Turchetto, the 12th day of this present month, having intelligence with some of the same town, came into the haven with certain vessels charged with wood and coals above, and having


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498 three hundred men bestowed. The next day after, at twelve o'clock at noon, by means of them in the town, they entered the castle, and killed the captain and eighteen soldiers which were within with him, and by-and-by the town yielded unto them; wherein they have abatred King Ferdinand's arms, and set up the French King's arms, displaying banners with white crosses, and have sent hither to the French King one called Spagnoletto, with letters signifying unto him that the town is at his commandment. This Spagnoletto arrived here upon Saturday at night; and upon Sunday, after dinner, the French King sent for the Emperor's ambassador, for the ambassador of Venice, and the Bishop of Rome's ambassador, and, calling them together, said he had received letters from Turchetto signifying this enterprise, and that they within the town were contented to surrender the town unto him; so he would certify them of his contentation therein before a certain day, and that otherwise they would surrender the town to the Grand Signor. And then the French King excused himself, protesting it was done without his knowledge, and that he was sorry therefor. Nevertheless, the case standing thus, he desired their advice, whether he should take it or no, or else suffer them to give it to the Grand Signor. The ambassadors of Venice and Rome said it were better that his Highness took it. The Emperor's ambassador answered that he should do well first to hang him that brought the letter, and then to do what he could to hang them that took the town like thieves, and to cause the


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12 "Oh, you are too particular, Bliss," returned a good-looking chap with a Southern drawl. "Who's seen my studs? I hope there'll be some pretty girls there to-night."

"Say, I'd like to get into Hollingsworth's trunk," remarked Bliss. "These heelers take too much room anyhow. He 's got a washline full of shirts. It 's enough to make him bilious."

John Hollingsworth, who was already dressed in an immaculate suit, closed the trunk lid with a snap.

"Go to thunder!" he said; "wear your own shirts." Then he turned to the looking-glass, and brazenly inspected his shadowy mustache.

"If you get on the wrong key to-night, Tommy Wilson," said Emory Smith, the Glee Club leader, knocking a short youth on the top of the head with his ebony baton, "I'll have you sued for breach of contract."

"He'll be sued for breach of promise before he gets through with this trip," said a deep bass voice from another compartment. "The way he carried on with that little yaller-haired thing at Kansas City was scandalous. Let's chain him up to-night."

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1542.] same to be restored to their right owners. Tout beau, M. l'Ambassadeur! quotes the King. I may not kill ambassadors as your master doth; and as for hanging them that be in the town, I should reguerdon them well for the service they intended to do me.'

Francis solved the difficulty by sending five hundred men into Marano for a garrison. His hostile intentions were thus revealed beyond a doubt, and to appearance every advantage was on his side. The Emperor, in his present condition, would be little able to send help into Lombardy, if attacked simultaneously in Spain and the Low Countries. The Venetians were on the side of the French. On the 11th of March an Italian renegade, the Capitan Pollino, arrived in Paris from Constantinople, with presents, and with a message from Solyman, that when summer came he would enter Germany with two hundred thousand men, and a fleet of four hundred sail should pass the Dardanelles. The messenger, on his way, passed through Venice, and the Imperial ambassador required the council, in his master's name, to arrest him. But at the moment, the pleasure of Francis was of more importance to the Signory than the fear of the Emperor. Pollino walked insolently into the senate house. He called the ambassador a traitor in the face of the assembly, and passed on upon his way. Charles, so lately the dictator of Europe, would find himself attacked by a coalition which threatened to be irresistible, and unless


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500 Henry would assist him, he in his turn would be left without an ally.

And to Henry he looked, without doubt, most anxiously, as Henry looked to him. But the King of England was publicly excommunicated, banned, and cut off from the Church; and Charles was, or wished to be, a pious Catholic. He might relinquish active enmity, he might cast on Cromwell the blame of the past, but he hesitated at a positive alliance which, possibly, might compromise his orthodoxy, and necessarily would bring the Papal censures into contempt. He felt his way, as he had done before, to win back the erring sheep to the fold. He undertook to bring about a reconciliation without compromising Henry's consistency. He even promised that the Pope himself should sue for it. This, however, being decisively and for ever impossible, the Emperor for the moment hung back; and Henry, to whom the alliance of either of the rival powers was almost equally welcome, almost equally indifferent, whose only object was to take advantage of the shifting


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Rh "Chain nothing," said Tommy Wilson, who had the mobile face of the comedian, and a twinkle in his eyes that never failed to catch his audience. "You fellows are jest jealous. Now we handsome men—"

"Oh, shut up!" said one of the banjo players. "If you don't get a move on you, and get dressed, Tommy, you'll be late again. Then the 'gentleman of the cash box' will throw a fine at you."

At this, a tall, rather sleepy-looking youth turned about. He put a finishing touch to his white tie, and came down the aisle of the car.

"Now I want all you fellows to be witnesses," he said, "that I have bought Tommy a pair of suspenders. He had on the porter's last night."

"Oh, but they were giddy," said Tommy, "kinder hated to give 'em up; brought me luck."

But he took the ones Manager Bishop handed him, objecting strongly, however, to the style, "because they did not have a flower garden on 'em."

"There 's one of our posters," said some one, looking out of the window, and pointing to a

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1542.] gales to navigate his own vessel securely, listened, so long as they were offered, to counter-overtures from France. The French Court was divided into two factions, one of them the Ultramontanists, the party of the Constable Montmorency, the Chancellor, and the Guises, hating England and the Reformation, inclined to the Pope, and opposed to the war with the Empire; the other the party of the Admiral de Bryon, the Queen of Navarre, and the Duchess d'Estampes, who were more than inclining to Protestantism, and would have had Francis follow the example of Henry, and declare the independence of the Gallican Church. Francis alternately gave his ear to one set of advisers or the other, as suited his convenience, reserving his own opinions and playing upon theirs. He used the Catholics to keep England separate from Scotland, to protect Romanist refugees, to shuffle over his debts, to 'engrieve' the petty differences at Calais; but the Catholics discouraged his designs on Milan, and therefore it was necessary to goad them forward with dread of worse evil than a breach with Charles; and their liberal opponents were permitted to suggest to Henry a marriage between the Lady Mary and the Duke of Orleans.

When a scheme bears no fruit we can but conjecture whether fruit was seriously expected from it: yet, the proposals for this marriage were laid out with a show of serious intentions; the conditions were discussed; the English privy council applied to the King to learn whether the separation of France from


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14 bill-board fence. "Read as you run: 'Concert! Princeton College Glee and Banjo Clubs!'" he quoted; then he added: "Come one; come all; bring your children; make the little tots happy—you don't word these things right, Manager! You should star the performers like Tommy here, and have a street parade in advance, and you haven't said anything about the 'Maudlin Club' at all. Oh, I tell you, I have a head like a tack."

In a few minutes the banjos and mandolins were placed in their leather cases, and, leaving the porter (who promptly went to bed in the most comfortable bunk) in sole charge of the car, the party of well dressed and gaily hilarious young men crossed the freight yard, and wended their way toward the big hotel near the opera house, at which the concert was to be given.

"Newton Wilberforce Hart," read the manager, from the hotel register. There it was written in a round, strong hand that was more or less characteristic of Mr. Hart's personal appearance.

The latter had arrived only a few minutes before the Glee Club came into the hotel; he

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502 the See of Rome was to be insisted upon; the Admiral of France held out more than hopes that, although not to be demanded as a preliminary, it would follow as a consequence. As before, when the Spanish treaty was in contemplation, there was a provision that Mary's illegitimacy should be corrected by Act of Parliament. The only point remaining to be settled, it seemed, was the dowry, and here no great difficulty was anticipated. But the shadowy nature of the prospect disclosed itself when the French ambassador communicated the expectation of his Government on the point of money. It was nothing more than a relmquishment of the entire arrears which were owing to England, and a transfer of the two pensions as a marriage portion to the Duke of Orleans.

Seeing that the sum so quietly asked for amounted to a million crowns, the pension to a hundred and fifty thousand annually, and that the largest dowry for which


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Rh had made up his mind that he would go to the theatre that night, if there was anything in town, and the big posters of the college entertainment outside the hotel door had caught his eye. But he had not decided, and being very hungry he had gone into the dining-room and had taken a seat in the corner, when he heard the sound of men's voices talking together, as the Glee Club entered in a body.

They excited a great deal of interest among the other guests of the hotel, and Hart, who had his napkin tucked in at his collar and spread across his broad chest, found himself watching them attentively. He had the Westerner's contempt for the East, and had placed the college graduate in a category of his own. Although he had never been thrown in contact with the type, he was prejudiced entirely in the matter, thinking that the college man was apt to be self-satisfied, assuming, and somewhat useless.

But there were two or three young men at the table whose shoulders were quite as broad as his own, and whom the deputy sheriff would have picked out in an instant as bad men to handle in a "rough-and-tumble." Besides this,

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8 he had over men of lesser stature who could only straddle a 52 in. wheel, which was the average size of high bicycle used in the late eighties. Tall men were almost always successful on the race track, although lightning pedallers sometimes made up in activity for what they lost in stature. In other words, those of a well-known “bookie” of the period, “I’d back a good big’ un against a good little ’un on a hordinary.”

The objections to the high bicycle were many, and among its chief drawbacks were that owing to the disparity in wheel diameters and the small weight of the backbone and trailing wheel, also to the rider’s position practically over the centre of the wheel, if the large front wheel hit a brick or large stone on the road, and the rider was unprepared, the sudden check to the wheel usually threw him over the handlebar. For this reason the machine was regarded as dangerous, and however enthusiastic one may have been about the ordinary—and I was an enthusiastic rider of it once—there is no denying that it was only possible for comparatively young and athletic men, and if it had remained the only bicycle obtainable, the pastime and the utility of cycling would never have reached its present state of popularity.

Introduction of the Ball Bearing. Among the improvements made to the ordinary high bicycle the most important was the patenting of the ball bearing. The actual patent was the subject of litigation at a later date, but I believe the credit for the screw-adjusting type should be given either to William Bown, of Birmingham, or to an engineer named Green of the same city. Previously to the ball bearing a bicycle had either plain bearings or roller bearings. The former required constant oiling, the latter were not easily adjustable for wear and entailed a heavier construction

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1542.] there was a precedent as having been given on similar occasions was four hundred thousand crowns, the request was less than decent: nor did it receive a better complexion when, in defence of his exorbitancy, Francis undervalued his own security, and threw a doubt upon his liability to pay. When the English ambassador proposed, as a fairer sum, three hundred thousand crowns, the King of France, in profound astonishment, exclaimed that the Pope had offered him as much as that with his niece, 'in ready money.' He began to raise questions on the debt itself, to imagine conditions in the treaty of Moor Park which he pretended that Henry had not fulfilled. While he did not deny his obligations, he would not acknowledge them. 'There were knots,' he said, in the claims upon him. The King of England ought to have sent him assistance when the Emperor invaded Provence. It would be better to prevent disputes by a clearance of the score.

Meanwhile the Catholic party at Paris were not idle. They, too, desired to clear the score, but to clear it by a quarrel; and, if war followed, they had no objection. French pirates were again robbing in the Channel. A sailor named De Valle had laid before the Government


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16 they minded their own business, and, although their good spirits were evident, their manners were very different from those of a travelling minstrel show that he had once seen at this same hotel. The head waiter bowed them out of the room with a graciousness that was different from his usual condescension. Hart had secretly admired their well-fitting clothes, and, noticing that they did not have their napkins tucked around their necks, he had pulled his down into his lap.

When he went out into the rotunda of the hotel, he found himself at the cigar counter at the same moment with a young man of almost his own age who said, "After you," politely, as both reached forward toward the match safe. Hart was not bashful, and the remark had broken the ice. He struck a match and held it for the other to light his cigar. "Where can I get a ticket for your show to-night?" he inquired.

"At the Opera House," was the answer.

"Oh, I didn't know," said Hart, " but what you sent out invitations, or something."

"No," said the other, "we are just like any other show, and have to run the same chances."

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Rh "I didn't know but that your Alumni helped you," said Hart, who knew he used the word correctly.

"Oh, they do, once a college man, always a college man," was the response. "I hope you'll come." He nodded pleasantly, and Walked away toward a group that was seated in a corner.

The manager was acting as whipper-in and was gathering the clan, as it were, preparatory to starting. Hart followed them to the Opera House and bought his ticket from a businesslike young chap, who assumed the position of agent behind the little glass window. When he entered the orchestra circle, he was shown politely to his seat by another of the young men he had recognized as one of the party at table.

Soon the big hall began to fill.

Never in his life had the young deputy sheriff seen so many well dressed people together. There was a chatter and hum of conversation that was confounding; people bowed and nodded to one another, and the young men who were acting as ushers stopped and spoke to many of the girls. Every one appeared to

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504 a project for the occupation of Canada. He was supplied with ships and stores, and had been allowed to empty the prisons to provide colonists for his intended settlement. When he found himself in command of a fleet manned by these promising crews, he hung about the English coasts, pillaging every vessel that came in his way. Part of the gang haunted the Isle of Wight; others seized Lundy Island and waylaid the Bristol traders. The party at Lundy were accounted for by the Clovelly fishermen, who, after sufficient experience of the character of the party, went off in their boats, burnt a pirate ship, and made some end or other of the crew. But this just and necessary exercise of justice was seized upon as a fresh pretext for dispute. It was represented to Francis that his innocent subjects had been causelessly attacked and destroyed by the English. The


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Swain, Joseph

SWAIN, Joseph, American college president: b. Pendleton, Ind., 16 June 1857. He was graduated at the Indiana University in 1883, was assistant professor of mathematics in 1883-86 and full professor, 1886-91. He was called to the chair of mathematics in the Leland Stanford Junior University in 1891, which he held till 1893, and was president of Indiana University, 1893-1902. Since the last-named date he has been president of Swarthmore College. He is the author of numerous scientific papers. In 1913-14 he was president of the National Education Association.


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18 expect a good time. There was nothing of the sitting-in-judgment that Hart had noticed in the audiences of the few entertainments he had attended. It was all very new to him.

Soon the curtain went up, and the white-fronted little army marched out from the wings. It was not like the minstrel show at all; they appeared really quite dignified and much at their ease as they formed in line at the centre of the stage. The leader stood in front. He gave a little toot with something like a penny whistle that he had in his hand; made two or three flourishes with his baton, and at once the young men burst out into a marching chorus with a swing and spirit that set Hart's feet to keeping time. He looked at the program and found that the words of the first song were printed there in full. He read them as the song went on:

And so it went. The music stirred with the words, and at the end Hart found himself applauding as loudly as the old gentleman

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1542.] prospect of the marriage grew daily weaker; the probabilities of a rupture grew daily stronger; while the question of the debt had been complicated, as had been long feared, by the hint of repudiation. The pretext was idle. At the invasion of Provence Francis had professed himself satisfied, and even gratefully thankful, by a remission of the payment only during the continuance of the pressure upon him. His own letters were extant, emphatically committing him; but the more trivial the excuse, the greater the difficulty of enduring the fault.

The Admiral and the Queen of Navarre would not yet relinquish their hopes; and it seemed, indeed, as if the object was not really to induce Henry to surrender his debt, but to consent to an alteration in the map of Europe for the benefit of France. To the French proposal the King replied at once that it was 'too unreasonable.' If such a demand 'had been made when the Emperor and the French King were so great that all the world thought them one,' he would not have listened to it. The shuffling about the money he received so haughtily, that the French ambassador in London attempted an apology. De Bryon entered with Paget more fully into details. The money question ought to be settled, he said; what would the King of England accept? or would he accept anything? Paget was not a man to commit himself, still less to commit his country; but he hinted that the Calais boundary was a difficulty. If Ardes could be surrendered to England; if


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Rh behind him who had brought his daughters to hear the old song again.

"They sing it a little faster than they used to," the old gentleman remarked.

But, hold! They were all back again.

The encore was not printed, but Hart caught the words:

"Mystic charm to knowledge" touched a chord in Mr. Hart's bosom. What would he not give to have the advantages that these young men evidently seemed to appreciate. A desire to learn more about it all came to his mind. But the Glee Club had left the stage, and the men with the banjos were coming on. They each dragged forward a chair from the back of the scenery and seated themselves. Now it was more like the minstrel show. They did not all strike the same attitudes (in fact, some were not very graceful). However, it was a rattling good jig they played, and Hart thought it would have delighted the Dixon boys to have heard it.

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506 the frontier could be extended so as to make the towns and garrisons independent of supplies from home; it would be something—he could not tell. Francis must be explicit. In that case he could perhaps give an answer. The Admiral could not offer an extension of territory at the expense of France; but the boundary might be extended in another direction. 'To speak frankly,' he said, 'will you enter the war with us against the Emperor, and be enemy to enemy, the King your master to set upon land in Flanders ten thousand Englishmen, and we ten thousand Frenchmen; pay the wages of five thousand Almains, and we as many; find two thousand horses and we three thousand; find a certain number of ships, and we as many? Of such lands as shall be conquered, the pension first to be redoubled, and the rest divided equally. What a thing will it be to your master to have Gravelines, Dunkirk, Burburg, and all those quarters joining Calais!' 'M. Admiral,' Paget replied, 'these matters be too great for my wits. I know no quarrel that my master hath against the Emperor.' 'God!' cried the Admiral, 'why say ye so? Doth he not owe your master money? Hath he not broken the league with him in six hundred points? Did he not provoke us and the Pope also to join in taking of your realm from you in prey for disobedience? A pestilence take him, false dissembler, saving my duty to the majesty of a King. If he had you at such advantage as you may now have him, you should well know it at his hand.'


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20 "I'll get the music of that," he said to himself, "and have Dirk learn it."

Then Mr. Hart thought how much Mabel would enjoy being there with him. The prospects, however, were that he never might have the pleasure of going to another entertainment like this, and the dreary square of Oakland rose up before him.

But despite this, and to make it short, Mr. Hart enjoyed the evening hugely. He laughed at "The Owl and the Pussy Cat" and "Mary's Little Lamb" with the "Ba, ba" chorus. He enjoyed the tinkling of the mandolins and Tommy Wilson's tale about a man who fell up or down three flights of stairs, and he was tickled to death at Tommy's imitation of a hee-hawing donkey, and wanted to tell him how good it was.

At last it was all over, and he drifted out with the audience, and went back to the hotel. There, in the corridor, he again met his friend with whom he had exchanged the few remarks after dinner.

"Best show I ever saw," he said. "You won't mind my asking you some questions, will you?"

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Rh than ball bearings. Bown then, or Green, brought out a bearing which consisted of a grooved cone and two cups, the grooves in all three being slightly wider in radius than the diameter of the ball. When wear took place the cups or one cup were screwed inwards and relocked. These were separate proprietary articles and were attached to the fork of a bicycle by cotters and nuts. The rear wheel was provided with a slightly different type of ball bearing, the adjustment being effected by screwing the cones or one cone inwards instead of the cup or cups. Subsequently ball bearings were applied to the steering and the pedals, but an indication of their importance may be gained by the fact that for a long time the manufacturers catalogued their machines with plain bearing pedals and charged 30s. extra for ball pedals.

We have now arrived at the stage when a high bicycle was regarded as dangerous, and, if the front wheel were too small, it detracted from the rider’s speed owing to the shorter distance covered by each turn of the wheel. What was the next move? The engineer’s mind turned towards a method of gearing by cogs or chains, by which one turn of the crank axle would cause the driven wheel to turn more than once. That is where we get our method of describing the ratio of gearing between the crank and the wheel of a modern safety bicycle. The previous machines had wheels, say, from 50 ins. to 60 ins. in diameter or height from the ground. Now supposing you took a 25-in. and a 30-in. wheel and by means of gearing made them turn twice to each turn of the pedals and cranks, they would be equal to 50-in. and 60-in. wheels—without gearing—that is why we still speak of a bicycle with 28-in. wheel being geared up to, say, 56 ins. when it travels as far

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Rh "Why, no," said the other, "fire away."

"Could you tell me how much it costs to go to college?" (Mr. Hart flushed at the idea of his going to college.)

"Well," replied the young man, "I came there with one hundred and fifty dollars, and mud on my boots. But it all depends."

"I suppose I'd be too old to go to school now," suggested Mr. Hart.

"Oh, I don't know," said the other, "I worked on a farm five years before I thought of going. If I'd known what it was going to be, I'd have worked five years longer rather than have given it up."

"Oh," said Mr. Hart.

"If you'll let me have your address, I'll send you some books on the subject," the college man continued. "But, hold on," he exclaimed, "come down to the car, and see how we live.—My name's Franklin."

"My name's Hart."

They shook hands.

"I'll introduce you to some of the boys," said Franklin.

Hart was delighted, and they left the hotel and walked toward the car. All the way down

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10 for one turn of the cranks as a wheel of 56 ins. does in one revolution.

Various devices were tried for rendering the high bicycle safer to ride, but none was commercially successful except, perhaps, the Facile.

The Facile was introduced primarily to enable the rider to sit further back along the backbone, and, instead of the pedals being attached direct to the cranks, the ends of the cranks were connected to levers pivoted on extensions of the forksides and having a bearing for attachment of the connecting rod about one-third of the distance along the lever from the pedal end. The rider, therefore, pedalled by pushing the levers down alternately and releasing the pressure at the end of the strokes. The Facile was followed at a later date by the Geared Facile, which was the same design as the Facile and had the same lever motion for pedalling, but included a sun and planet gear on the hub. Briefly, this consisted of a large toothed wheel on the axle and a crank extending beyond the edge of the wheel. Working in a bearing on the crank end was a small planet pinion, or toothed wheel, which meshed with the larger toothed wheel. Pressure on the pedal caused the planet wheel to travel around the larger sun wheel and the road wheel was geared up to the extent of the added diameter of the planet wheel. Thus, if the planet wheel were one-fourth the size of the sun wheel, it geared up the road wheel of 45 ins. to 56¼ ins. or thereabouts.

Then, with a bound came the geared up front driver; the first was the Kangaroo, produced by Hillman, Herbert and Cooper. This machine had wheels of about 36 and 24 ins., the front (of 36 ins.) being driven. To gear up the wheel the fork blades were extended beyond the centre of the wheel, towards the ground, and bent

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22 the dark street they chattered, and at last they reached the freight yard and stumbled out across the tracks.

"Why, I was a 'Long-horn,' a regular hayseed, when I came to college," said Franklin, continuing the subject of their conversation. "Seems a long time ago, but it 's only four years. Take care of that switch-bar, it nearly broke my leg!"

"Thank you. What are you going to do when you leave?" asked Hart, who had allowed his new friend to lead the way.

"Don't know, exactly," Franklin returned. "All I want is the chance."

"That's what I've said for a long time," replied Hart, "but chances are not lying loose in the place from which I come. I am afraid," he added, retrospectively, "it's a one-horse town."

When the two entered the Glee Club car (which they found had been moved down the track), there were only a few of the members present, most of them having stayed up in the town to attend a small reception given by one of the Alumni.

Mr. Hart's guide introduced him to four or five young fellows, who, Hart noticed, did not

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Rh have their hair parted in the middle (he had considered this fashion characteristic of college men in general); they welcomed him, and soon he was smoking and joining in the talking. Tommy Wilson had not stayed for the reception, and Hart congratulated him on his solo; expressing pleasure at the songs he had heard; he was immediately presented with a book containing them with the notes and music, and when he had shown his admiration for the jig the banjoists had played, one of the latter proposed copying it, and promised to send it to him. Altogether, Mr. Hart had a very fine evening, and when he left the car he had made up his mind to talk a certain idea over with his prospective father-in-law, and also see what Mabel thought of it.

As soon as their guest had left, Ned Bliss thrust his head out from his bunk.

"If those wild Indians make any noise when they come in to-night, let's chloroform them," he remarked. "But I say, Buck" (this was addressed to Franklin), "that was a mighty nice chap, that prairie friend of yours."

Franklin responded sleepily from behind the curtain.

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24 "I think I sized him up about right," he said. "He 's got the proper stuff in him,—and what is more, I think he'd play football."

"Did you notice his neck?" asked the banjo player, who was putting his eyes out trying to read in an upper berth. "He's a second Hector,—am I right, or am I right?"

The sound of voices was heard outside just then, and a detachment of the club came in. They evidently did not feel in the mood for "wild Indian" antics, for, seeing that the others were apparently asleep, they went to bed quietly themselves which was wonderful to relate.

Buck Franklin was as good as his word, however, and in three weeks' time, Newton Wilberforce Hart received a package by mail. It was some old entrance examination papers, notes on text-books, and a catalogue of the University. It was this that caused him to broach the subject seriously to Mr. Van Clees, with the result that he was left to decide matters for himself,—the usual method in such cases. Mabel had at first objected, but had suddenly changed her mind in rather an unaccountable way.

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Rh on normal or middle, and three to three and a half turns of the road wheel on top gear, the machine moves faster with approximately the same exertion; or to explain it another way, the rider has no need with a high gear in use to exhaust himself with rapid pedalling as he would do if he wished to ride fast with a normal single gear.

Some racing cyclists disdain the change speed gear and prefer a single gear of medium ratio, but for tourists, and particularly for women and elderly men, the change speed gear is a boon.

Ever since the days of the first safety bicycle the advantages of a change speed gear have been recognized, but it was not until about 1900 that a practical device was marketed. Previous designs were either too heavy and complicated or their poor construction caused so much friction when the train of gear wheels was in use that cyclists preferred a single gear.

I think it was at the Stanley Show of 1900 that Linley and Biggs exhibited a change speed gear that was made by running a specially shaped chain over chain wheels that were wide enough to allow a lateral movement of the chain to shift it from a small to a big sprocket on the rear hub. This provided a change

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Rh The motor-car was exploited before the motor cycle in this country, and it was not until about 1899–1900 that cycle makers in the Midlands began to take an interest in the self-propelled machine. The earliest machines were petrol engined tricycles, and from that early commencement the lure of the motor cycle has gradually but surely drawn every important cycle maker to its charms until to-day no important firm is

without a motor cycle department, and in many cases the motor cycle branch has become more important and larger than the making of purely pedal cycles.

The present conditions of the trade are possibly rosier than they have been for some time past. There is an urgent demand for good bicycles and the only drawbacks to a large output are the difficulties in securing regular supplies of the right materials, and the unsettled state of labour generally.

It is estimated that there are about 20,000 employees,

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Rh There is a great temptation in factories where machines of this description are made to cut the wages of the workers to secure contracts, and altogether it is rather a sordid sort of business without much to live for except, perhaps, cutting out a competitor by fair means or otherwise.

On the other side of the picture there is much that appeals to one in a factory of the best class, where the

directors or owners have a pride in putting their trade mark on every machine that leaves the works. The staff and workers have, I feel sure, from personal experience an increased interest in their daily task, quick to resent any slur cast on the productions with which they are so closely allied. In most of the best factories I have had practical experience that this state of affairs exists, despite what may be written and said about the extremist views, commonly called Bolshevism.

In a large factory the organization of a cycle producing staff is as complicated and efficient as in any other branch

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Rh composed of a steel wire frame, with the now familiar leather-blocked top extending from peak to cantle. The Harrington saddles were manufactured for many years by Messrs. William Middlemore at Coventry and Birmingham, Middlemore saddles being still manufactured in the heart of the cycle industry at Coventry; but the "cradle" design is no longer employed. Most

cycle saddles are, however, stretched on a wire frame, either coil springs of the horizontal or vertically-wound type being used to support the leather.

Lamps used on high bicycles were constructed to burn oil: they could not be carried on any fixed portion of the machine whence they could throw a light on the road, so one of the pioneer lamp makers—Salisbury or Lucas—introduced a hub lamp which swung suspended

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Rh generator portions to be divided, because it was found that heavy lamps of the self-contained pattern broke the lamp brackets.

In addition to oil and gas lamps, candle-burning lamps have been tried, but were not popular on account of the poor illuminating power of a candle and the propensity they had to throw melted wax on to the lamp glass, thus obscuring the light.

Electric lamps for cycles and motor cycles are of three descriptions: (1) Those where the current is taken direct from a dry battery or accumulator; (2) where the current is derived from a generator which illuminates the lamp direct without the intervention of an accumulator; (3) the motor cycle type with generator or dynamo (a separate unit or combined with the magneto, and termed a magdynamo), which charges an accumulator and whence the current, so

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text:
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Rh Barker and Morel were both impatient of Wesson. But, then, they were both as hard as nails, physically.

When Morel was nearly ready he pushed the bag of money to Paul.

“Count it, boy,” he asked humbly.

Paul impatiently turned from his books and pencil, tipped the bag upside down on the table. There was a five-pound bag of silver, sovereigns and loose money. He counted quickly, referred to the checks—the written papers giving amount of coal—put the money in order. Then Barker glanced at the checks.

Mrs. Morel went upstairs, and the three men came to table. Morel, as master of the house, sat in his arm-chair, with his back to the hot fire. The two butties had cooler seats. None of them counted the money.

“What did we say Simpson’s was?” asked Morel; and the butties cavilled for a minute over the dayman’s earnings. Then the amount was put aside.

“An’ Bill Naylor’s?”

This money also was taken from the pack.

Then, because Wesson lived in one of the company’s houses, and his rent had been deducted, Morel and Barker took four-and-six each. And because Morel’s coals had come, and the leading was stopped, Barker and Wesson took four shillings each. Then it was plain sailing. Morel gave each of them a sovereign till there were no more sovereigns; each half a crown till there were no more half-crowns; each a shilling till there were no more shillings. If there was anything at the end that wouldn’t split, Morel took it and stood drinks.

Then the three men rose and went. Morel scuttled out of the house before his wife came down. She heard the door close, and descended. She looked hastily at the bread in the oven. Then, glancing on the table, she saw her money lying. Paul had been working all the time. But now he felt his mother counting the week’s money, and her wrath rising.

“T-t-t-t-t!” went her tongue.

He frowned. He could not work when she was cross. She counted again.

“A measly twenty-five shillings!” she exclaimed. “How much was the cheque?”

“Ten pounds eleven,” said Paul irritably. He dreaded what was coming.

“And he gives me a scrattlin’ twenty-five, an’ his club


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202 this week! But I know him. He thinks because you’re earning he needn’t keep the house any longer. No, all he has to do with his money is to guttle it. But I’ll show him!”

“Oh, mother, don’t!” cried Paul.

“Don’t what, I should like to know?” she exclaimed.

“Don’t carry on again. I can’t work.”

She went very quiet.

“Yes, it’s all very well,” she said; “but how do you think I’m going to manage?”

“Well, it won’t make it any better to whittle about it.”

“I should like to know what you’d do if you had it to put up with.”

“It won’t be long. You can have my money. Let him go to hell.”

He went back to his work, and she tied her bonnet-strings grimly. When she was fretted he could not bear it. But now he began to insist on her recognizing him.

“The two loaves at the top,” she said, “will be done in twenty minutes. Don’t forget them.”

“All right,” he answered; and she went to market. He remained alone working. But his usual intense concentration became unsettled. He listened for the yard-gate. At a quarter-past seven came a low knock, and Miriam entered.

“All alone?” she said.

“Yes.”

As if at home, she took off her tam-o’-shanter and her long coat, hanging them up. It gave him a thrill. This might be their own house, his and hers. Then she came back and peered over his work.

“What is it?’ she asked.

“Still design, for decorating stuffs, and for embroidery.”

She bent short-sightedly over the drawings.

It irritated him that she peered so into everything that was his, searching him out. He went into the parlour and returned with a bundle of brownish linen. Carefully unfolding it, he spread it on the floor. It proved to be a curtain or portière, beautifully stencilled with a design on roses.

“Ah, how beautiful!” she cried.

The spread cloth, with its wonderful reddish roses and dark green stems, all so simple, and somehow so wicked-looking, lay at her feet. She went on her knees before it,


text: Author:Robert James Rowlette

title: Author:Robert James Rowlette


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Rh her dark curls dropping. He saw her crouched voluptuously before his work, and his heart beat quickly. Suddenly she looked up at him.

“Why does it seem cruel?” she asked.

“What?”

“There seems a feeling of cruelty about it,” she said.

“It’s jolly good, whether or not,” he replied, folding up his work with a lover’s hands.

She rose slowly, pondering.

“And what will you do with it?” she asked.

“Send it to Liberty’s. I did it for my mother, but I think she’d rather have the money.”

“Yes,” said Miriam. He had spoken with a touch of bitterness, and Miriam sympathized. Money would have been nothing to her.

He took the cloth back into the parlour. When he returned, he threw to Miriam a smaller piece. It was a cushion-cover with the same design.

“I did that for you,” he said.

She fingered the work with trembling hands, and did not speak. He became embarrassed.

“By Jove, the bread!” he cried.

He took the top loaves out, tapped them vigorously. They were done. He put them on the hearth to cool. Then he went to the scullery, wetted his hands, scooped the last white dough out of the punchion, and dropped it in a baking-tin. Miriam was still bent over her painted cloth. He stood rubbing the bits of dough from his hands.

“You do like it?” he asked.

She looked up at him, with her dark eyes one flame of love. He laughed uncomfortably. Then he began to talk about the design. There was for him the most intense pleasure in talking about his work to Miriam. All his passion, all his wild blood, went into this intercourse with her, when he talked and conceived his work. She brought forth to him his imaginations. She did not understand, any more than a woman understands when she conceives a child in her womb. But this was life for her and for him.

While they were talking, a young woman of about twenty-two, small and pale, hollow-eyed, yet with a relentless look about her, entered the room. She was a friend at the Morels’.

“Take your things off,” said Paul.

“No, I’m not stopping.”


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204 She sat down in the arm-chair opposite Paul and Miriam, who were on the sofa. Miriam moved a little farther from him. The room was hot, with a scent of new bread. Brown, crisp loaves stood on the hearth.

“I shouldn’t have expected to see you here to-night, Miriam Leivers,” said Beatrice wickedly.

“Why not?” murmured Miriam huskily.

“Why, let’s look at your shoes.”

Miriam remained uncomfortably still.

”If tha doesna tha durs’na,” laughed Beatrice.

Miriam put her feet from under her dress. Her boots had that queer, irresolute, rather pathetic look about them, which showed how self-conscious and self-mistrustful she was. And they were covered with mud.

“Glory! You’re a positive muck-heap,” exclaimed Beatrice. “Who cleans your boots?”

“I clean them myself.”

“Then you wanted a job,” said Beatrice. “It would ha’ taken a lot of men to ha’ brought me down here to-night. But love laughs at sludge, doesn’t it, ’Postle my duck?”

“,” he said.

“Oh, Lord! are you going to spout foreign languages? What does it mean, Miriam?”

There was a fine sarcasm in the last question, but Miriam did not see it.

“ ‘Among other things,’ I believe,” she said humbly.

Beatrice put her tongue between her teeth and laughed wickedly.

“ ‘Among other things,’ ’Postle?” she repeated. “Do you mean love laughs at mothers, and fathers, and sisters, and brothers, and men friends, and lady friends, and even at the b’loved himself?”

She affected a great innocence.

“In fact, it’s one big smile,” he replied.

“Up it’s sleeve, ’Postle Morel—you believe me,” she said; and she went off into another burst of wicked, silent laughter.

Miriam sat silent, withdrawn into herself. Everyone of Paul’s friends delighted in taking sides against her, and he left her in the lurch seemed almost to have a sort of revenge upon her then.

“Are you still at school?” asked Miriam of Beatrice.

“Yes.”

“You’ve not had your notice, then?”

“I expect it at Easter.”


text: Author:Humphry Davy Rolleston

title: Author:Humphry Davy Rolleston


text: Author:Frederick Rogers

title: Author:Frederick Rogers


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Alexander (d.1454)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Alexander (d.1607)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Alexander (d.1639)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Alexander (d.1646)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Alexander (1618-1659)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Alexander (1752-1825)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Alexander (1785-1872)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Alexander William Crawford


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, David (1365?-1407)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, David (1440?-1495)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, David (1490-1555)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, George


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, James


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, John (d.1335)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, John (d.1563)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, John (1596-1678)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, John (1702-1749)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, John (1686-1768)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, John (1737-1788)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Ludovic


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Patrick (d.1589)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Patrick (d.1753)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Robert


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, Walter


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, William (d.1698)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, William (1802-1866)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, William Lauder


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsay, William Schaw


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsey, Theophilus