text: United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/4th Congress/2nd Session/Chapter 6

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: United States Statutes at Large/Volume 1/4th Congress/2nd Session/Chapter 7


text:
Hoyle's Games Modernized

EDITED BY

PROFESSOR HOFFMANN

(Reset)

THOROUGHLY REVISED TO 1909

With the addition of Chapters on and Three other New Games

BY

ERNEST BERGHOLT

And with New Chapters on and BROWNING ("Slambo" of The Westminster Gazette)

ALL FOURS

 * The Scoring Items; Method of Playing; Four-handed All Fours

BACCARAT

 * Baccarat Chemin de Fer; Baccarat Banque

BÉZIQUE

 * The Old-fashioned Game; Hints for Play; Rubicon Bézique; The Laws of Rubicon Bézique

BLIND HOOKEY

CRIBBAGE

 * The Five-card Game; The Six-card Game; The Seven-card Game; Three-handed Cribbage; Four-handed Cribbage

ÉCARTÉ

 * The Laws of Écarté; French Terms used in Écarté; Illustrative Game; Jeux de Règle

EUCHRE

 * Two-handed Euchre; Four-handed Euchre; Three-handed Euchre; Marking the Score; Hints for Play

LOO

 * Three-card Loo; Five-card Loo; The Laws of Loo

NAPOLEON

 * The Orthodox Game; The Variations; The Game Explained for Novices; The Numbers of Players

PIQUET

 * The Deal; Discarding and Taking in; Calling; The Play; Carte Blanche; Repique; Pique; Capot; The Final Score; Application of Skill

POKER

 * The Varieties of the Game; Draw Poker; The Probabilities of the Various Combinations; The Straddle; Jack-pots; Table Stakes; Straight Poker; Stud Poker; Whiskey Poker; Mistigris; The Tiger

POPE JOAN

SOLO WHIST

 * Description of the Game; The Stakes; A Digest of the Laws; A Few Maxims

VINGT-UN
 * Description of the Game; French Vingt-Un

WHIST

 * The Laws of Whist; The Etiquette of Whist; Dummy; Double Dummy; How to become a Good Player; Leads; Return Leads; Second in Hand; What to Play Third Hand; The Play of the Fourth Hand; The Call for Trumps; The Echo to the Call; Discarding; The Use and Abuse of Trumps; Underplay; False Cards; How to Play Whist; Unblocking; Placing the Lead; The Play of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Cards; Maxims; Books on Whist

BRIDGE

 * Relation to Whist; The Score in Actual Practice; Hints for Play; The Laws of Bridge (1904); Books on Bridge

AUCTION BRIDGE

 * The Laws of Auction Bridge; Hints to Players; General Remarks

FIVE HUNDRED

 * Description of the Game; Revokes; Book on Five Hundred

QUINTO

 * Description of the Game; Dummy (or Three-Handed) Quinto; Book on Quinto

POKER PATIENCE

 * Poker Patience; Serpent Poker Patience

BACKGAMMON

 * The Board and Men; Playing; Bearing off the Men; Hints for Play

BAGATELLE

 * The Appliances of the Game; How to Play

BILLIARDS

 * The Implements of the Game, and Terms used in connection with it; The Half-ball Stroke; Losing Hazards into the Top Pockets from Baulk; Middle-Pocket Hazards; Position; Losing Hazards; Winning Hazards; Cannons; The Billiards Control Club Rules; Pyramids; Shell Out; Works of Reference

POOL

 * General Counsels; The National Rules of Pool

SNOOKER POOL

 * Description of the Game; The National Rules of Snooker Pool

CHESS

 * The Board and Men; The Movements of the Men and their Power to Take; Chess Notation; Example; Technical Terms used in the Game; Value of the Pieces; The Openings; The Giuoco Piano; The Evans Gambit; The Evans Gambit Declined; The Two Knights' Defence; The Ruy Lopez; Philidor's Defence; Three Knights' Game; Four Knights' Game; The Vienna Opening; The Steinitz Gambit; The Scotch Game; The Scotch Gambit; The Danish and Centre Gambits; Petroff's Defence; The King's Gambits—The King's Knight's Gambit; The Muzio Gambit; The Salvio Gambit; The Kieseritzky Gambit; The Allgaier Gambit; The Cunningham Gambit; The Bishop's Gambit; The Gambit declined; Close Games—The French Defence; The Sicilian Defence; The Queen's Gambit; The Fianchetto; The End Game—King and Pawn against King; King and Queen against King; King and Two Rooks against King; King and Rook against King; King and Two Bishops against King; King, Bishop and Knight against King; End Game with Two Knights; General Observations; Bibliography of Chess

DRAUGHTS

 * The Rules of the Game; General Advice; Names of the Various Openings and how Formed; End Games—Two Kings to One; Three Kings to Two; The Elementary Positions—First Position; Second Position; Third Position; Fourth Position; Works of Reference

ROULETTE

 * Description of the Game; The Different Modes of Staking; Systems—The "Montant et Demontant" System; The Fitzroy System; The "Labouchere" System

TRENTE ET QUARANTE

 * Description of the Game; Staking; Method of Play

PREFACE

To the present generation the name of Edmond Hoyle conveys but a vague meaning, though the phrase "according to Hoyle" is still now and then used as a synonym for correct play in a card-game.

Hoyle was in fact the "Cavendish" of his day, and was in many ways a man of special mark. He was born in 1672, and died in 1769, having outlived half-a-dozen monarchs. Of his earlier life little is known. He is said to have been called to the Bar, though whether he ever practised as an advocate is uncertain. In 1742 he was living in Queen's Square, and giving lessons in whist-play, which he was the first to reduce to a scientific method. He had up to that time communicated his system either personally, or in the form of manuscript, but in that year he for the first time published his memorable "Short Treatise on the Game of Whist." Of this first edition only two copies (one in the Bodleian Library) are known to exist. Its price was a guinea. It was freely pirated, and this fact was probably the reason that the succeeding editions, of which there were three published in 1743, were issued at the more modest price of two shillings, each genuine copy being guaranteed by the autograph of the author. Other editions followed, several of which are only now represented by single copies. Of the seventh edition, published in 1747, no copy exists. The eighth (1748) embodied, in addition to the Whist manual, short treatises on Quadrille, Piquet, and Backgammon, which had in the meantime appeared separately. The book was from time to time further amplified, and the eleventh edition (precise date uncertain) is entitled "Mr. Hoyle's Games of Whist, Quadrille, Piquet, Chess and Backgammon Complete." The autograph signature to each copy was continued until Hoyle's death. In the fifteenth edition it is replaced by an impression from a wood block.

It is significant of the respect in which Hoyle was held, that his Laws of Whist, with some slight alterations by the habitués of White's and Saunders' chocolate-houses (the then headquarters of the game), were accepted as the final authority from 1760 till 1864, when the basis of the present code, settled by the Turf and Portland Clubs, was adopted in their stead.

Nothing would now be gained by reproducing Hoyle's original text. In the present volume no attempt is made to do so. Its teachings are, however, but the teachings of the master, amplified and brought up-to-date, and it is a fitting tribute to his memory that his name should be retained upon the title-page.

PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION OF 1909

The articles on Whist and Bridge have been rewritten and brought thoroughly up-to-date. Those on Billiards, Pool, and Snooker Pool have been completely revised, and all the recent changes in Rules have been either incorporated or quoted. Entirely new chapters have been added on Auction Bridge, Five Hundred, Quinto, and Poker Patience.

For the articles specially written for this New Edition on Roulette and Trente et Quarante, the able pen of Captain Browning is responsible.

title: Hoyle's Games Modernized


text: User talk:178.122.30.173

title: User talk:178.122.30.173


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bingham, Richard (1528-1599)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bingham, Richard (1765-1858)


text:
User talk:207.163.116.20

Welcome
Welcome

Hello, and welcome to Wikisource! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

 * Help pages
 * Style Guide
 * Inclusion policy
 * For Wikipedians

You are welcome to continue editing articles without logging in, but you may wish to  [ create an account] . Doing so is free, requires no personal information, and provides several benefits. Creating an account on Wikisource has many of the same benefits as creating an account on Wikipedia. For one thing, if you continue to edit without a username, your IP address is used to publicly identify you.

In any case, I hope you enjoy donating your time to grow the Wikisource library that is free for everyone to use! In discussions, please sign your comments using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question here (click  [ edit] ) and place  before your question. Again, welcome! -- Cirt (talk) 19:06, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:207.163.116.20


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bingham, Richard (1798-1872)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bingley, William


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Gosnold, Bartholomew


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Binham, Simon


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Gosse, Philip Henry


text:
Hoyle's Games Modernized/Five Hundred

FIVE HUNDRED.

This is a game largely played in the United States and in Canada, but not so well known in this country as it deserves to be, though one variety of it has been played in London clubs. It is primarily and specifically a game for three players; and this is one of its greatest merits, for good three-handed games are rare.

"Five Hundred" has been characterised as a "patchwork" or "mosaic" game; but such expressions do not do it justice, as tending to create the impression that it is a thing of shreds picked up here and there, and indifferently joined together. It does, indeed, borrow its elements from sundry older games: Euchre, Loo, Nap, and Auction Bridge: but by combining these elements into a new and harmonious whole, it achieves a sum total that produces the effect of novelty without taxing our brains to assimilate unfamiliar and bizarre ideas.

It appears to many people to contain all the merits of Auction Bridge without the patent defects of the latter—the interminable length of the rubber, the undefined limits of loss, and the supersession of skill by "bluff."

In the following description, the typical form of the game is assumed, in which three players take part, each being opposed to both the others. The pack used is the piquet pack of thirty-two cards (cards below the seven being omitted) plus the Joker—thirty-three cards in all.

Those who are not Euchre-players must begin by familiarising themselves with the functions of the Joker, and with the peculiar rank and attributes of the Right and Left Bower.

When there are trumps, the Joker is the master trump; then follows the knave of trumps (the "Right Bower"); then the other knave of the same colour (the "Left Bower"); after which come the ace, king, queen, ten, nine, eight, seven of trumps, in descending order. The trump suit thus consists of ten cards; the plain suit of the same colour consists of seven only; the other two plain suits consist of eight each. The knaves of the latter two suits take their ordinary Whist and Bridge rank, between the queen and the 10.

When there are no trumps, all the cards, except the Joker, rank as in Whist or Bridge. The Joker remains the master card of the pack; if it is led, the leader names the suit which he elects it to represent, and the other players must follow suit accordingly.

In cutting for deal, the Joker is the lowest card, and an ace the next higher. After which come the 7, &c., upwards to the king.

After shuffling and cutting, the dealer distributes three rounds of three cards each to the three players, followed by one round of one card each. The remaining three cards are laid face downwards on the table, and constitute the "widow."

The bidding then begins. The eldest hand has the first right to declare how many tricks (not fewer than six) he will contract to win. At the same time, he must either name a trump suit or declare No-trumps. The eldest hand is not bound to bid, but may pass. Each successive player, in the usual Bridge order, may either overbid, or may also pass. A player who has once "passed" cannot subsequently bid. With this exception, the bidding and overbidding continue, until every one is content. If no player bids, the cards are played No-trumps, and in this case the "widow" remains unappropriated, the eldest hand has the first lead, and each player scores 10 points for each trick that he may make.

When the bidding, if any, is completed, the player who bid the highest,—thenceforward known as "the bidder,"—has the first lead.

The bidder, before playing, takes the "widow" into his own hand, and then discards any three cards out of the thirteen. These rejected cards are to be laid face downwards on the table, and may not be inspected by any one. There are penalties for discarding too many or too few cards, and for illegally looking at the discard.

The value of any bid depends, as in Auction Bridge, partly on the number of tricks contracted for, and partly on the declaration as to trumps. The best and most modern schedule (known as the "Avondale") is as follows:—

The scale is uniform, and easy to remember. The numbers increase downwards by 20 at a time, and horizontally by 100 at a time. It will be noticed that no two bids are numerically equal.

There are certain restrictions on the power of the Joker in the case of No-trumps. The leader of it cannot nominate it to be of a suit in which he has previously renounced; and if he plays it (not being the leader) to the lead of a suit in which he has previously renounced, it has no winning value.

When there are trumps, the Joker and both Bowers form part of the trump suit in the order of precedence already explained.

If the bidder fulfils his contract, or makes any greater number of tricks fewer than ten, he scores the number of points set out in the above table, but no more. If he wins all the ten tricks, he scores a minimum of 250; but if his bid be worth more than 250, he scores nothing extra. Should he fail in his contract, the value of his bid is set down in his minus column, and has to be deducted from his past or future plus score. In every case, each opponent of the bidder scores 10 points for every trick that he wins.

The winner of the game is he who first scores 500 points (hence the title of the game). If two players score more than 500 each in the same deal, one of them being the bidder, the latter is the winner. If neither is the bidder, he who first makes the trick that brings his score over 500 is the winner.

Each player keeps his score in three columns, one for plus points (headed ""), one for minus points (headed ""), and the third for the net total.

The American rule is as follows:—

"Upon the revoke being claimed and proved, the hands shall be immediately abandoned. If it is an adversary of the bidder who has revoked, the bidder scores the full amount of his bid, while the side in error scores nothing."

Professor Hoffmann's rule is as follows:—

"If the bidder be the offender, he shall be set back the amount of his bid [i.e. the amount shall be scored in his minus column], each of the opponents scoring as usual for any trick or tricks he may have made, including any which, but for the revoke, would have fallen to him.

"If one of the opponents be the offender, the cards of the trick in which the revoke occurred, and of any subsequent trick, shall be taken back by their respective holders, and the hand played anew from that point. The bidder and the opponent not in fault shall each score according to the result of the play, but the offender can score nothing for that hand, and shall further be set back 100 points."

If a player finds that he holds the Joker, two knaves of the same colour, and any two other cards of the same suit as one of the knaves, he has four tricks certain, by declaring the three-suit trumps, unless all the other five trumps be in the same hand. Should he hold two more tricks in the side suits, he will be quite justified in bidding six.

The chances of getting another trump, by taking in the "widow," are an important element in arriving at sound decisions. The odds evidently vary with the number of trumps already held by the player. The following figures should be carefully borne in mind:

If a player holds four trumps, it is 8 to 5 on his finding one more at least in the "widow."

If he holds five trumps, the odds are only 7 to 6 in favour.

If he has six, he must not reckon on getting another, the odds being 6 to 5 against.

 * —Five Hundred: the popular American Card Game. Goodall & Son, Ld.

title: Hoyle's Games Modernized/Five Hundred


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Binham, William


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Binney, Edward William


text:
Hoyle's Games Modernized/Quinto

QUINTO.

This game is the invention of Professor Hoffmann. It has achieved immediate popularity in circles where it has been experimentally introduced, and it has been thought that it may even be destined to supplant Bridge. Waiving discussion, however, of the question whether Bridge is on the point of immediate deposition from its throne, no impartial person would deny that games could be devised that might run it very close, and bid fair to imperil its popularity. To invent such a game Professor Hoffmann, with his long and close experience of social pastimes of every kind, is exceptionally well qualified; and, whether or no we shall all leave off being Bridge-players and become Quinto-players, there is no denying that in the latter game there are several new and interesting elements, that it carefully avoids the fatal error of excessive complexity—the ruin of "Vint" and "Skat," for instance—and that it is compounded of skill and chance in very happy proportions.

It is a game of two partners against two, as at Bridge and Whist. The pack, however, consists of fifty-three cards instead of fifty-two. The place of the extra card (five "crowns"—known as "Quint Royal") which is included by Messrs. Goodall & Son in their "Quinto" packs can be supplied equally well by the "Joker," which all ordinary packs now contain. Similarly, the score-sheets (which resemble those of Bridge, except that no horizontal division is necessary) may be dispensed with, and their place supplied by ordinary paper and pencil, or by an ordinary cribbage-board.

After settling partners and deal in the usual way, the cards are shuffled and cut, and the dealer then lays aside the five top cards, face downwards, to form what is known as the "cachette." The remaining forty-eight cards are dealt out as at Whist, so that each hand contains twelve cards; but no trump card is turned up.

The players in rotation, commencing with the eldest hand, have then the option of once doubling the value of each trick, and of once re-doubling an opponent's double. The option passes round the table once only, and does not affect the value of the "quints," as defined below.

The normal value of each trick, reckoned irrespective of its contents, and counting to the side which wins it, is five points. Each side scores the number of tricks that it actually wins. If A B win 11 tricks, and Y Z 2, A B score 55, and Y Z 10. These values may, however, be doubled or quadrupled before the play begins, as previously explained. The winners of the twelfth trick take the "cachette," which itself counts as an extra trick. Thus the winning of the twelfth trick bears a double value.

So far as regards "trick" scoring. The "honours" are known as "Quints," and are (1) The five of any suit, a fifth "honour" being the "Joker" or "Quint Royal"; (2) An ace and four, or a deuce and trey, of the same suit, falling to the same trick. "Quints" count not to the side to which they are originally dealt, but to the side that wins the trick containing them. They are marked as they occur in course of play, according to the following scale: Quint Royal, 25; Quint in Hearts, 20; in Diamonds, 15; in Clubs, 10; in Spades, 5. The contents of the "cachette" (if of any value) are similarly scored by the side that takes it.

The play of Quint Royal is peculiar. It has no trick-taking value at all, and can be scored by the holder only if he can throw it on a trick won by his partner. This he is always allowed to do, whether he holds one of the suit led or not.

With the preceding exception, every player, having one of the suit led, must follow. If he has not, he may trump or over-trump. No selection is made of any particular suit for trumps, but for trumping purposes the suits ascend in power, in Bridge order, from spades to hearts. Thus any spade may be trumped by the deuce of clubs, which may be over-trumped by any other club or by the deuce of diamonds—and so on up to the one card, the ace of hearts, which is a winner against all the rest.

Game is 250 up. A distinction between quints and tricks is that the former are marked up as they occur in course of play, and that, as soon as the scoring of them brings either side up to or beyond 250, that game is at an end, and the rest of the hand is abandoned. The value of the "cachette" may make the winners of it game; if so, the tricks are not counted. If neither side is 250 up after counting all quints, the value of the tricks won is added in. Should such addition bring both parties beyond 250, the higher of the two totals wins. Those who first win two games win the rubber, and score 100 points extra therefor.

There is another method of scoring—by "single," "double," and "treble" games—but the former way has been preferred wherever the writer has seen the game played.

Before Quint Royal has been played, a player who does not hold it should be always on the alert to give his partner the chance of making it. The original leader, therefore (not holding Quint Royal himself), is always expected to start with the ace of spades, if he has it. If not, with the ace of clubs. The ace of hearts is certainly, and the ace of diamonds probably, too valuable to be led out in this way.

The establishment of a black suit is obviously a hopeless task, for both red suits cannot be got out of the way. Hearts, however, may sometimes be extracted for the benefit of a good long suit of diamonds.

In the case of three players only, one plays a Dummy hand in combination with his own. This being a very decided advantage, the Dummy-player is handicapped 25, that number of points being scored to his opponents' credit before the game begins. Rubbers are not played, each game being settled for separately, and the three players take Dummy in rotation, game by game. The partner of Dummy always takes first deal of each game. When either of Dummy's opponents deals, the Dummy-player must look first at the hand from which he has to lead, and must double or re-double from his knowledge of that one hand only.

 * —Quinto: A new and original card game. Goodall & Son, Ld.

title: Hoyle's Games Modernized/Quinto


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Binney, Thomas


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Binning, Hugh


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Binns, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Binyon, Edward


text:
User talk:151.188.213.175

A from this account or IP address, which appeared to be a test edit, was removed or reverted. Please use the sandbox for this purpose. The community portal has information on contributing to this library. Beeswaxcandle (talk) 19:38, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:151.188.213.175


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Biondi, Giovanni Francesco


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Gottschalk, Louis Moreau


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Birch, James


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 1

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 1


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 2

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 2


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Birch, John (1616-1691)


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Gotwald, Luther Alexander


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 3

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 3


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 4

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 4


text:
Hoyle's Games Modernized/Poker Patience

POKER PATIENCE.

This game, which has recently come into favour among card-players, consists essentially of the task of laying out twenty-five cards face upwards on the table, in five rows of five cards each. A full whist pack of 52 cards is shuffled and cut, and the cards are dealt by the player, one by one, in order from the top.

Each card, after the first, must be laid down, as it is dealt, next to one already on the table, either vertically, horizontally, or diagonally. That is to say, it must be placed immediately above, or below; to the right, or to the left; or corner to corner. The resultant oblong is considered as comprising ten Poker hands (of five cards each), five hands being reckoned horizontally (which we will call the rows) and five vertically (which we will call the columns). The object is to lay out the cards so that the aggregate total score of the ten Poker hands shall be as large as possible. The score-table is as follows (for definition of terms, see page 124):—

(It will be noticed that the relative values differ from those in Poker proper.)

The game may be played by two or more players, each against all. Each player is provided with a separate pack. One is appointed dealer; his pack is shuffled and cut in the ordinary way. The packs of the other players should, for convenience, be sorted out previously into suits. As a card is dealt, the dealer names it aloud; each of the other players then selects the same card from his own pack. Every one uses his own judgment as to the laying-out of the cards; and when the twenty-five are all played, and the tableaux are complete, the total scored by each player is added up, and the losers pay the winners on an agreed scale.

Supposing five players have scored as follows.—

A, 87; B, 81; C, 78; D, 78; E, 65. A is paid 6, 9, 9, 22 points by B, C, D, E respectively. B is paid 3, 3, 16 points by C, D, E respectively. C and D are each paid 13 points by E. Thus A, B, C, D win 46, 16, 1, 1 points respectively; and E loses 64.

Or we may proceed by adding all the scores together (making 389), multiplying each player's score by 5 (the number of players), and paying for the differences, above or below the total. If we multiply each player's total, as given above, by 5, we get A, 435; B, 405; C and D, 390; E, 325. The differences (by excess or defect) between these and 389 give the same result as before.

This is a "problem" variety of the above game introduced by Ernest Bergholt. In the preceding game, the cards are dealt "blind"—that is to say, when we lay down any given card, we are in ignorance of those that are to follow.

In "Serpent Poker Patience," the twenty-five cards are dealt, in fixed order, face upwards, and are all known to the player before he begins to lay them out. This is a pastime for one player only.

If there were no limitation of the rule for laying out the cards, the analysis would be too complicated to be practicable; hence the added restriction, which forbids the corner to corner contact, and enjoins that each card must be laid vertically or horizontally next to the one last played. We have, in fact, to make a "rook's path" on a chess-board of twenty-five squares, beginning and ending where we please.

While analysis is thus simplified, there still remains considerable scope for variation in the total score obtained. The art of play often consists in the sacrifice of valuable combinations in order to obtain others which, in the aggregate, will count a higher number of points; and curious results may thus be sometimes exhibited. I give the following by way of illustration: it is not difficult.

The twenty-five cards are dealt in the order specified:—

D.6, S.5, C.Q, D.Q, H.Q, H.10, C.10, H.6, C.3, H.J, H. ace, H.5, H.8, H.K, S.Q, H.4, C.2, D.2, H.7, S.J, S.3, H.3, D.3, S.6, H.2.

What is the highest score that can be made by laying out the above cards in serpentine order?

A few trials will suggest the following arrangement, with two straight flushes, intersecting in the ace of hearts, whereby a total of 78 may be secured:—

The rows count a straight flush (30), threes (6), a pair (1), threes (6); the columns count a straight flush (30), two pairs (3), pair (1), pair (1). Total, 78.

But the correct solution is as follows (abandoning one of the straight flushes):—

The rows count a straight flush (30), threes (6), a straight (12), threes (6). The columns count fours (16), full hand (10), pair (1). Total, 81.

title: Hoyle's Games Modernized/Poker Patience


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 5

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 5


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Birch, John (1745?-1815)


text:
Talk:Eugene Aram

Source seems to be http://archive.org/details/eugenearamtale01lytt, an 1891 edition. An earlier scan might be available.--Mpaa (talk) 19:52, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Eugene Aram


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 6

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 6


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 7

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 7


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 8

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 8


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 9

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 9


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 10

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 10


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 11

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 11


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 12

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 12


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 13

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 13


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 14

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 14


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 15

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 15


text:
Page:Journal of the First Congress of the American Colonies (1765).djvu/6

 appointment of Delegates; in consequence of which a rule was adopted to admit as Delegates several committees of the members of Assembly from such Colonies. This was the case with New York, among others; and her Delegates were the corresponding committee above referred to, viz.: Robert R. Livingston, John Cruger, Philip Livingston, William Bayard, Leonard Lispenard. From the pen of the second on the above list, Mr. John Cruger, proceeded the "Declaration of Rights," the first that appeared in America, and from that of Mr. Robert Livingston the admirably written memorial to the king.

This first glorious assembly of the patriotic and patriarchal spirits of our country, has been justly regarded as the fountain spring of our revolution—a noble and enviable distinction, accorded it by all the journalists of that period. In the interesting "Sketches and Anecdotes of the Revolution," by the veteran, Major Garden, (of the South Carolina Continental Line,) this Congress is designated the "ovum reipublicæ;" and such, beyond a doubt, it was; although the citizens of New York have hitherto listlessly and ingloriously allowed the people of Boston, and other sections of our country, to claim this exalted glory, in the performance of acts which occurred nearly ten years subsequent to its session. ls it not time that we should vindicate the lofty patriotism and noble zeal of our ancestors in this earliest assertion of our Rights and Liberties? Or are the inhabitants of our State and city of the present century to prove themselves for ever deserving of the too general accusation of the civilized world—of being wholly absorbed in the accumulation and hoarding of wealth alone?

We have several times promised to treat our readers with a correct copy of this venerable manuscript, detailing the first movements of the friends of freedom in the New World. It is an official copy, under the signature of John Cotton, Esq., Clerk to that illustrious body; and we have reason to believe the only one extant. It was handed to the editor by


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 16

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 16


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 17

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 17


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 18

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 18


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 19

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 19


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Raiffeisen, Friedrich Wilhelm

RAIFFEISEN, rīf'ī-zĕn, Friedrich Wilhelm, German economist, famed as the father of the peoples' banks: b. Hamm, near Coblenz, Germany, 30 March 1818; d. 11 March 1888. He entered the army in 1835, but was compelled by ill health to withdraw and then entered the civil service. During the agricultural troubles of 1846-47 he perceived the difficulty with which the small landholder procured credit and he conceived the idea of establishing small mutual credit associations which freed the farmer from the exorbitant rates of the usurers. His first efforts were at Heddersdorf and Wyerbusch and he then proceeded to extend the operation of the plan throughout Germany. In 1866 he broke down from overwork and retired for a time from public service. In 1878 he founded the “Landwirtschaftliches Genossenschaftsblatt” at Neuwied. He lived to see his plan in successful operation in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Italy. He wrote ‘Instruktion zur Geschäfts- und Buchführung der Darlehnskassenvereine’ (1869); ‘Kurze Anleitung zur Gründung von Darlehnskassenvereinen’ (1888), etc.


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 20

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 20


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 21

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 21


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 22

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 22


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 23

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 23


text: Poems of Mr. John Milton, Both English and Latin, Compos'd at several times/The Passion


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 24

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 24


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 25

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 25


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 26

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 26


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 27

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 27


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 28

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 28


text:
Hoyle's Games Modernized/Backgammon

BACKGAMMON.

Backgammon is played by two persons, on a special "board" with thirty "men," fifteen white and fifteen black (or red), similar to those used for the game of Draughts. The board (see Fig. 1) is square, usually of wood, lined with leather, and is divided into two equal compartments, each with a raised wall or border. It is usually made in two portions, hinged so as to fold together, and bearing on their outward surfaces the necessary squares for draughts or chess, so that the one board may answer both purposes.

The board is so placed in use that the two compartments, known as "tables," shall lie longitudinally between the players. One of these is known as the "outer," the other as the "inner" or "home" table. Which of the two is for the time being the inner and which the outer table is governed by the arrangement of the men at starting. With the men placed as in Fig. 1, the right hand is the inner or home table, and the left hand consequently the outer table. The portions of the two latter nearest to each player are known as his inner and outer tables respectively.

Each table is marked with twelve "points," six at either end. They are alternately of black and white, black and red, or other distinctive colours. The two points in the inner table farthest from the dividing partition or "bar" are known as the "ace" points, and those next in order as the two or "deuce" points, followed in succession by the three or "trois" points, the four or "quatre" points, the five or "cinque" points, and finally the "six" points, next the bar. The points in the outer tables are designated in like manner, but starting in this case from the dividing partition. The ace point in the outer table is more commonly known as the "bar" point.

A pair of dice (or sometimes a pair for each player) and a couple of dice-boxes complete the apparatus of the game.

The men are arranged at starting as shown in Fig. 1—viz., two of White's men are placed on the ace point in Black's inner table, five are placed on the six point in Black's outer table, three on the deuce point in White's outer table, and five on the six point in White's inner table. Black's men are placed in like manner on the points immediately facing these.

The game is commenced by each player throwing on the centre of the board a single die, the higher throw of the two giving the right to begin. In the event of a tie, the players throw again. All subsequent throws are with both dice.

The thrower of the higher number may either adopt the points shown by the two dice as his own throw, or throw again. After throwing, he calls the number of the throw, the higher number first, as "six deuce," "cinque trois," "quatre ace," or as the case may be, and then proceeds to make his move in accordance with it. The movement of the men of each player is from the ace point in his opponent's home table towards the like point in his own, though for many purposes it suffices if he can play them into his own table, independently of their reaching any particular point therein, the object of the game being first to get all the player's men into his own inner table, and then to play them out of it again, according to certain rules to be hereafter stated. The number uppermost on each die entitles the player to move one man forward a corresponding number of points. Thus if he threw "six trois," he is entitled to move one man six points onward, and then the same or another man three points onward. In the event of his throwing the same points with both dice (known as "doublets"), he is entitled to play the throw twice over. Suppose, for example, that he throws two aces; he may move one or more men forward to an aggregate extent of four points. If he throw double deuces, he may move to an aggregate extent of eight points; if double threes, twelve points, and so on.

The right to move is subject to a certain qualification—viz., that a man can only be played to a point which is either vacant or occupied by one or more men of the player, or by one man only of the adversary. A player getting two men on a given point is said to "make" such point, and as he thereby secures such men from capture, and at the same time impedes the onward march of the enemy, it is always an object to do this. A single man on a given point is known as a "blot," and not only does not prevent the enemy playing to that point, but in the event of its being "hit"—i.e., reached by an adverse throw, it is "taken up" (placed on the bar between the two tables), and, however far advanced it may have been, has to begin its journey anew from the inner table of the adversary. Nor can such man again start on its journey until its owner is fortunate enough to make a throw corresponding with a vacant point or blot in such table. Until he does this, the play of his other men is suspended. If the adverse player's home table is completely full—i.e., each point occupied by two or more men, his play is altogether suspended, the adversary continuing to throw and move until the course of play again throws open one or more points in his table.

Any part of a throw which cannot be played is lost to the thrower, but every player is compelled to play the whole of his throw if it is possible to do so.

When either player has succeeded in getting all his men into his home table, he proceeds to "bear them off"—i.e., to remove them from the board. When the game has reached this stage, each throw entitles the player either to move forward a man or men (to the extent indicated by the throw) within the limits of his own table, or to remove men from the corresponding points. Thus, suppose that the player's men are thus distributed in his table: five men on the cinque point, three on the quatre point, three on the deuce, and four on the ace point, the trois and six points being unoccupied (see Fig. 2). Suppose that the player throws "quatre trois." For the quatre, he may either remove a man from the quatre point or advance a man from the "cinque" to the "ace" point. In the case of the trois, he has no man on that point, and therefore must play forward, either by advancing a man from the cinque to the deuce, or from the quatre to the ace point. If, however, he throws a number which he cannot deal with after either of these fashions—e.g., a six, he is entitled to bear off a man from his highest occupied point, in this case the cinque.

Doublets have, as in the earlier stage of the game, a twofold value, and may be played either wholly by moving men forward, wholly by bearing off, or partly by the one method and partly by the other, as may be desirable. Suppose, for instance, that the player, having his men as shown in the figure, throws deuces; having only three men on the deuce point, he can only bear off that number; the fourth man must be played forward, either from the cinque or quatre point.

The player who first succeeds in removing all his men from the board wins the game, but the value of the game depends upon the stage reached by the adverse player, as follows:—

If the adversary has got all his men into his own home table, and has begun to bear off, the game of the winner is known as a "hit."

If the winner has borne off all his men before his adversary has begun to do the same, the game is known as a "gammon." The loser is said to be "gammoned," and pays double the agreed stake.

If the winner has borne off all his men while the adversary has still a man or men "up" (i.e., on the bar) or in his (the winner's) home table, the game is a "backgammon," and the loser pays either thrice or four times (as may have been agreed) the amount of the single stake.

Where several games are played in succession, the winner of a "hit" throws first in the game next following. After a gammon or backgammon, the players throw again for the right to begin, as at starting.

A leading principle is to "make points" whenever you fairly can, especially in or close to your home table. A second general principle is to avoid the leaving of "blots," particularly where they are likely to be "hit" by the adversary. This latter principle is, however, subject to many qualifications. The advantages of spreading your men, in readiness to make points, may more than counterbalance the risk, and in certain critical conditions of the game it is sometimes even desirable to be "hit," inasmuch as it enables you to make a fresh start from your adversary's home table, and so get the opportunity in turn of taking him up.

At the opening of a game the men on both sides are in a uniform position, and it is, consequently, possible to lay down specific rules as to the best method of playing any given throw. We will go seriatim through all the possible throws. In some instances alternative methods will be given, according as the player aims merely at securing a hit, and is content, therefore, to play for safety, or elects to play a more risky game upon the chance of securing a gammon. This case often arises where the player has already lost the first hit of a rubber, in which case, if he loses the next game, he has lost the rubber also; but if he can secure a gammon (reckoning as a double game), he becomes the winner of the rubber.

—(The best possible throw at starting.) Play two men on your "bar" point, and two on your cinque point.

—For a hit, play the deuce from the five men in your adversary's outer-table, and the ace from the ace point in his inner table. For a gammon, play the ace from the six to the ace point in your own table.

—For a hit, play two from the six to the quatre point in your own table, and the other two from the ace to the trois point in your opponent's inner table. For a gammon, play the second pair from the five men in his outer table.

—Make your cinque point.

—The approved play is to carry two men from the five in your adversary's outer table to the quatre and cinque points in your own outer table. This, of course, makes two blots. To avoid this, some, for a hit, play one man from the same point to the deuce point in the above-mentioned table, but the bolder play is to be preferred.

—There are three ways of playing this throw. Some players make the bar point. The more usual play is, for a hit, to play two to the cinque point in the player's own, and the other two to the quatre point in the adversary's table. For a gammon, play the last two from the six to the trois point in your own table.

—Play the quatre from the five men in your opponent's outer table, and the ace from his ace point. (Timid players, fearing to leave two blots, sometimes play the whole throw from the first-mentioned point, but the plan is not to be recommended.)

—Make your quatre point.

—Play two men from the five in your adversary's outer table.

—Play two men from the ace to the cinque point in the adversary's inner table, and two from the five in his outer table. For a gammon, play two men only, from the point last mentioned to the cinque point in your own table.

—Play the cinque from the five men in your adversary's outer table, and the ace from the ace point in his inner table. For a gammon, play the ace from the six to the cinque point in your own table.

—Play both men from the five in your adversary's outer table.

—Make your trois point.

—Move one man from your adversary's ace point to the trois point in his outer table.

—Carry two men from the five in the adversary's outer table, and make your trois point.

—Make your bar point.

—Move a man from the five in your adversary's outer table to the cinque point in your own table.

,, —Carry one man from your adversary's ace point as far as the throw will permit.

—Place two men on your adversary's bar point, and two on your own.

Of the above throws (at the outset of the game), double aces are reckoned the best, and double sixes next best. Double trois comes third, followed by trois ace and six ace. Doublets, if playable, are good, as covering greater distance.

Any throw in which the higher of the two numbers is two in advance of the other (as cinque trois, trois ace) is also good, as enabling you to make a point in your table.

title: Hoyle's Games Modernized/Backgammon


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 29

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 29


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Raikes, Robert

RAIKES, rāks, Robert, English founder of Sunday schools: b. Gloucester, England, 14 Sept. 1735; d. there, 5 April 1811. He succeeded to his father's business as editor and publisher of the Gloucester Journal in 1757 and used its influence in exposing certain prison abuses in his native town. In 1781 he founded several Sunday schools which he engaged needy women to teach at a shilling a day, and succeeded in inducing the attendance of the children of the city. In 1803, largely through his efforts, the Sunday School Union was founded. Consult Lifes by Gregory (1877), and Eastman (1880); Harris, ‘Robert Raikes: The Man and his Work’ (1899). See.


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 30

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 30


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 31

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book III/Hymn 31


text: Poems of Mr. John Milton, Both English and Latin, Compos'd at several times/Psalm 136


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Traveling Libraries

TRAVELING LIBRARIES. A traveling library has been defined as “A collection of books lent for stated periods by a central library to a branch library, club, or other organization or, in some instances, to an individual.” The chief characteristics from which it derives its name are its temporary location in the place to which it is sent and the implication that any traveling library will or may be changed for others.

The date of the first traveling library is uncertain. Passing by the itinerant chapman and ballad-seller, the religious colporteur and the camp library of Napoleon I listed in Bourrienne's ‘Mémoires,’ the “Circulating schools” of Wales, promoted in 1730 by Griffith Jones, and the later similar schools of the General Assembly of the Kirk of Scotland in the Highlands and the Scottish islands may be noted as forerunners of educational extension and its logical corollary, traveling libraries. The first really practicable traveling library plan seems to have been started by Samuel Brown in East Lothian, Scotland, in 1817, though it is stated that the principle had been used with some Scottish parish libraries as early as 1810. Brown procured 200 selected volumes “about two-thirds of which were of a moral and religious tendency, while the remainder comprised books of travel, agriculture, the mechanical arts and popular sciences.” Four libraries of 50 volumes each were stationed in Aberlady, Salton, Tyninghame and Gawald. In 20 years these libraries had increased to 3,850 volumes, distributed through 47 villages. Jean Frédéric Oberlin is said to have founded itinerant libraries in his parish of Waldbach in the Vosges Mountains at about the same time that the East Lothian libraries were established. Both of these early plans barely survived their founders.

A successful system of traveling libraries was begun by the public library of Melbourne in 1860. Oxford University in 1878 and Cambridge University soon after began to send out traveling libraries as an aid to their university extension courses.

Traveling Libraries in America. — The American lyceum movement demonstrated the need of libraries to conserve the results of its work. “Itinerating libraries” and a county system of traveling libraries were proposed as early as 1831. In 1848, the American Seaman's Friend Society began to furnish libraries to American ships, afterward extending its work to naval hospitals and life-saving stations. The United States government has supplied similar libraries to lighthouses. These were exchanged frequently. The first general American traveling libraries supported by public funds were authorized by the New York State legislature in 1892. The first library was sent out by the New York State Library in February 1893. Beginning with 10 libraries of 100 volumes each the circulation for the first fiscal year was 2,400 volumes. This increased in 1918-19 to a total circulation of 43,958 volumes sent out in 1,099 different collections, with a total stock of 100,641 volumes. Michigan and Montana enacted traveling-library legislation in 1895 and Wisconsin and Iowa in 1896.

Virtually every State library commission now maintains a traveling library system for the libraries of its own State. The work of the traveling libraries section of the Educational Extension Division of the University of the State of New York may be taken as typical of the more highly organized form of this work in the State commissions. This division will send traveling libraries “to any place in New York State, preference being given to places where it is difficult to provide good books for free circulation.” The State pays all transportation charges (other tban local cartage). Seven different types of traveling libraries are provided: (1) Libraries for general readers; (2) libraries for public schools, to supplement the school libraries but not to provide supplementary readers or textbooks; (3) libraries for small public libraries, to supplement local library collections where library funds are scanty; (4) libraries for children; (5) libraries for foreigners, in several foreign languages; (6) libraries for study clubs, granges, private schools, Sunday schools, churches, etc.; (7) house libraries for the individual or the single family, preferably in rural homes.

When the books in these libraries are available to all members of a community no fee is charged for the first 25 volumes. In the case of restricted use (as in classes 6 and 7) a small fee is charged. Small fees are also charged for volumes in excess of 25. The period of loan is from three months (in the case of house libraries) to one year (in case of schools and study clubs). The collections are of two types: fixed and open shelf. The former are lent as a unit and the borrower is allowed no substitutions for titles on the list. The latter are selected from the general collection of the extension department to meet, as far as possible, the specific desires of the organization or person borrowing the library. The fixed collection is more economical as it ensures the use

of the whole collection; the open shelf collection is more flexible and, therefore, more satisfactory to most people. The tendency is toward the open shelf collection.

The large city libraries maintain similar systems. Their “deposit stations” are essentially traveling library collections. In addition, smaller collections of books are sent to clubs, schcols, organized societies, police and fire stations and many other types of organizations. The New York Free Circulating Library, which had for several years supplied traveling libraries to schools, in 1897 established a traveling library department. This, which is now the Extension Division of the New York Public Library, in 1918 sent out 46,402 volumes to 417 agencies. The Free Library of Philadelphia began its traveling library work in 1896. A typical example of ihe use of traveling library books is seen in the Saint Louis Public Library which reports a circulation of 240,883 volumes in the fiscal year 1918-19.

An interesting variant of the traveling library is the book-wagon or automobile which delivers books along definite routes radiating from some library centre. The pioneer book-wagon in the United States was started in April 1905 by Miss Mary L. Titcomb of the Washington County Free Library of Hagerstown, Md. The Connecticut Public Library Committee and the Delaware State Library Commission have also maintained book-wagons. Book-wagons have also been used in parts of Wisconsin. A local book delivery automobile has recently been put into service by the Endicott (N. Y.) Free Library. To some extent rural mail delivery wagons have been used for traveling library purposes but the possibilities in this direction are capable of much greater development.

Several unsuccessful attempts have been made to establish traveling libraries on a commercial basis. The best known of these, the Booklover's Library and the Tabard Inn Library, founded in Philadelphia in 1900 and 1902 respectively, were measurably successful for some time.

Educational Significance of the Traveling Library. — The traveling library idea has spread throughout the civilized world and the small collection of books changed frequently is known in many places in which the more elaborate public library is as yet unknown. The late war was instrumental in giving the idea greater prominence than ever before. The case of books supplied by the Red Cross, the American Library Association or other relief organizations followed the troops into the trenches as well as into the camp and hospital and prison camps. It was a familiar sight on every war vessel or transport. The Germans as well as the Allies were quick to see the value of the traveling library in maintaining morale.

The great advantages of the traveling library are economy, mobility and adaptability. The collection is limited to books definitely chosen for some purpose. The obsolete and useless are eliminated. The frequent change of collections gives each group or community receiving the hbraries access to the volumes in all the groups. Books on timely topics or those needed to meet changes in community taste can in this way be provided at a minimum cost. The traveling library can be put into the home, the store, the

grange or wherever people congregate. It is not limited to any one place. No permanent building or special assistant is needed to make it give fairly satisfactory service if intelligence in selection is shown by the library which issues it. The only records needed are the simplest types of lending records.

The traveling library is of special significance in four different directions: in providing the rural population and special organisations with library facilities, in aiding the rural schools to keep their instruction abreast of the times, in promoting educational extension movements of all lands and in promoting the establishment and development of permanent libraries. The town and village libraries aided by the county library systems, are beginning to provide much more adequate library service for the rural population than formerly. (See ). Nevertheless, there will always be a considerable portion of the population for which the traveling library will furnish the only really convenient access to good books. Even the proposed extension of the parcel post service for library books at reduced rates will supplement, not supersede, the larger collection of the traveling library. The factory and the machine shop, the social club and the fraternal organization also find it much to their advantage to have immediately at hand a small, well-chosen collection of books changed often enough to prevent their becoming stale.

The rapid and extensive changes in school curricula and the modern methods of teaching, most of which imply considerable use of material outside the textbook, are making the school library more than ever an essential part of the well-equipped school. The rural and small town schools, no less than the schools in the large cities, need fresh books in their libraries. In most cases the funds available for this purpose are inadequate. The traveling library sent by the State Library Commission, the State Department of Education or other central agency, can fill this need better and at less expense than the local school board. It can supply the books needed to supplement the standard books, the reference books and the supplementary readers and textbooks which the school must have as a permanent part of its equipment. In many cases, the traveling library will show whether or not the desired book is really needed permanently. The value of the traveling library is so well recognized by teachers that practically no central distributing agency can supply the demand made by the schools for this service. In many cities {e.g., Rochester, N. Y., Buffalo, N. Y., Cleveland, Ohio, Portland, Ore., etc.), the public library has a regularly organized system of classroom libraries, changed at regular intervals and intended to supplement the school work. See also.

Practically every well-devised scheme of educational extension, whether lyceum movement, university extension centre, study club, correspondence course, Chautauqua movement or Sunday school, has recognized the need of a small library to conserve and amplify the results of the instruction. The courses on a commercial basis have rather generally tried to sell personal collections to their patrons. Those without commercial intent have usually seen the need of larger, more flexible collections, available to all taking the extension work and

to changes frequent enough to maintain variety. The traveling library has demonstrated its value in these cases. It has made it possible for the educational work to be varied in subject. It has enabled the ambitious student to go far beyond the limits of the lecture or the prescribed textbook. It has made true Carlyle's oft-quoted statement, “The true university of these days is a collection of books.”

The development of traveling library systems has in most cases been followed by the establishment of permanent public libraries or the further development of those already established. The advantages of the traveling library are so manifest under such a variety of conditions that State legislatures have rather generally been willing to make some appropriations for their establishment and support. The traveling library implies a central administrative agency. This has required the formation of a State Library Commission or a similar body charged with the supervision of traveling library work. The traveling library, when intelligently used, has generally shown the need of larger, more stable collections of books than the library commission could supply. The logical result has been an agitation, by the study club, the school or the other organization using the traveling library, for a permanent public library. Many of the smaller libraries in all parts of the country have originated in this way. The “County system” has been the result as well as the cause of traveling libraries. The contribution of the American Library Association's war service libraries deserves special mention. Up to 1 Sept, 1919 the association had given 70 collections comprising 22,325 volumes to reconstruction units, colleges, universities and other permanent organizations in nearly 20 of the present countries of Europe and Asia. These collections are composed of books formerly used in the traveling libraries furnished the army, the navy and the marine corps through the American Library Association and other relief agencies.

Complete statistics of traveling libraries are rather difficult to obtain. As previously intimated, virtually every State Library Commission, every large pubhc library, many extension departments of universities and an increasing number of commercial corporations maintain them. Different methods of calculating circulation and different interpretations of the term “traveling libraries” further complicate the matter. The more important original sources are indicated in the appended bibliography.

Bibliography. — Many references are included in Cannons, H. G. T., ‘Bibliography of Library Economy’ (London 1910), and in ‘Library Work, Cumulated’ (Minneapolis 1912). Current statistics of State systems are included in the ‘League of Library Commissions Handbook’ and in the bulletins of the various commissions. Statistics of city systems are to be found in the reports of the individual libraries. For the early history of the movement consult Brown, Samuel, ‘Some Account of Itinerating Libraries and their Founder’ (Edinburgh 1856); Brown, Wm., ‘Memoir Relative to Itinerating Libraries’ (Edinburgh 1836; reprinted New York 1836); University of the State of New York, ‘Study clubs: annual report 1897’ (Albany 1898; Extension Bulletin 23); ‘Libraries

and University Extension’ (Albany 1892; Extension Bulletin 4); Dewey, Melvil, and Avery, Myrtilla, ‘Traveling Libraries’ (Albany 1901; Home Education Bulletin 40); and Adams, H. B., ‘Public Libraries and Popular Education’ (Albany 1900; Home Education Bulletin 31). On organization and management consult Hutchins, F. A., ‘Traveling Libraries’ (Boston 1902; American Library Association, Library Tract 3); Bullock, Edna D., ‘Management of Traveling Libraries’ (Boston 1907; American Library Association Library Handbook 3); Eastman, Linda A., ‘Branch Libraries and other Distributing Agencies’ (Chicago 1911; American Library Association Manual, chap. xv). Koch, T. W., ‘Books in the War’ (Boston 1919) describes the traveling library service of the different countries in the World War.


text:
The Passion

 * "The Passion", in Poems of Mr. John Milton, Both English and Latin, Compos'd at several times (1645)
 * "The Passion", in Poems &c. Upon Several Occasions (1673)

title: The Passion


text:
Psalm 136

Translations of Psalms
See Psalms (Bible)
 * Book of Common Prayer (ECUSA)/The Psalter/Book Five (Psalms 107–150)

Standalone translations

 * "Psalm 136", poetic translation by John Milton (1645).

title: Psalm 136


text: O crewell causere of vndeseruyd chaunce

title: O crewell causere of vndeseruyd chaunce


text: Alas the greeffe, and dedly wofull smart:


text: My hart I gaue the not to do it payne

title: My hart I gaue the not to do it payne


text: MY hart I gaue thee, not to do it pain:

title: MY hart I gaue thee, not to do it pain:


text: My hart I gave thee not to doe it paine

title: My hart I gave thee not to doe it paine


text: He that belevethe bearinge in hand

title: He that belevethe bearinge in hand


text: My hert I gave the not to do it payn

title: My hert I gave the not to do it payn


text:
User:Cultures4

Hello world!

I am working on an edition of the Devonshire Manuscript with the DMSEG. At the moment, I am uploading manuscript witness accounts of the Devonshire MS poems into English Wikisource.

Cultures4 (talk) 21:44, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

title: User:Cultures4


text:
User talk:Cultures4

Welcome
Welcome

Hello, Cultures4, and welcome to Wikisource! Thank you for. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Help pages
 * Style guide
 * Inclusion policy
 * For Wikipedians

You may be interested in participating in Add the code active projects, PotM or CotW to your page for current wikisource projects.
 * Proofread of the Month
 * Community collaboration
 * Requested texts

You can put a brief description of your interests on your user page and contributions to another Wikimedia project, such as Wikipedia and Commons.

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikisource, the library that is free for everyone to use! In discussions, please "sign" your comments using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question here (click  [ edit] ) and place  before your question.

Again, welcome! Mpaa (talk) 22:07, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

The Devonshire Manuscript
Hi. Thanks for your contributions. I hope you will appreciate a feedback on your work. From a quick look at Wikibooks, this MS must be quite complex, with a lot of references, contributors and so on. If you upload flat pages, soon it will become difficult to find them. I suggest that you try to structure this work in a main page and sub pages or at least create a category to collect all these pages, so that it will be easier to find them later on and structure them. Also title and authors in the pages are a bit tricky to follow. --Mpaa (talk) 22:13, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

Thank you for your helpful advice! Creating a structure is such a good idea, and will save us time down the road. My team and I will start to implement your suggested changes over the course of the next week. And yes, feedback is always appreciated. - Cultures4 (talk) 22:34, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Hi. Links to Wikibooks do not work. I fixed this page Alas the greeffe, and dedly wofull smart: as reference.--Mpaa (talk) 21:09, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cultures4


text: Southern Historical Society Papers/Volume 25


text:
User talk:85.65.100.228

--Sije (talk) 23:09, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:85.65.100.228


text:
Author:Abdelkader El Djezairi

Works

 * Origin of the Arab Horse

title: Author:Abdelkader El Djezairi


text:
Talk:Journal of Discourses/Volume 7/Voting to Sustain the Authorities of the Church, etc.

Hello! Great recommendations about flirting! I just wanted to ask if you ever have any trouble with hackers? My last blog (wordpress) was hacked and I ended up losing months of hard work due to no backup. Do you have any solutions to protect against hackers? Hello! Do you use Twitter? I'd like to follow you if that would be okay. I'm definitely enjoying your blog and look forward to new posts.


text:
Author:Eugène Daumas

Works

 * The Great Desert, 1856
 * The Horses of the Sahara, 1857
 * Moors and Algerian Costume

Translations

 * Origin of the Arab Horse

title: Author:Eugène Daumas


text:
Portal:April Fools' Day

Works

 * Chapter 8 of Sketch of Connecticut, Forty Years Since, 1824 by Lydia Sigourney
 * "He'll be 19 year old, come next April-fool-day; and I meant to a done well by Amariah, when he got to be of age, and give him a decent settin' out, and then hired him by the month, if so be that he was agreeable to 't, and pay him the money"
 * Chapter 16 of The Land of Midian, 1879 by Richard Francis Burton
 * "April Fools’ day was another that deserved to be marked with a white stone."
 * A Poor Man's Tale of a Patent by Charles Dickens
 * "I was married on All Fools' Day. Let them laugh that will. I won a good wife that day, and it was as sensible a day to me as ever I had."
 * A Christmas Garland, 1912 by Max Beerbohm
 * "The time will come when we shall dance round the Maypole every morning before breakfast--a meal at which hot-cross buns will be a standing dish--and shall make April fools of one another every day before noon. The profound significance of All Fool's Day--the glorious lesson that we are all fools--is too apt at present to be lost."
 * Chapter 2 of Ambulance 464, 1918 by Julien H. Bryan "Midnight-In the abri at Post Two"

title: Portal:April Fools' Day


text:
User:Burtoniana

Sir Richard Francis Burton; may we aspire to him.

title: User:Burtoniana


text:
Page:Mexico as it was and as it is.djvu/470

have created such an unprecedented sensation, as published (in part) in the great Literary Journal of the Union, the Saturday Courier, and copied in some 300 papers throughout the United States, are now in press, and wlll shortly be published in four handsome numbers of 112 octavo pages each, for 25 cents per No., or $1.00 for the whole work.

These Legends comprise the celebrated lectures on 1. 2., 3. and  of , 4. 5. The Life, Writings and Death of, 6. , Wayne, Muhlenburg, Sumpter, Marion, Lee, Allan McLane, etc., etc. They also will embrace scenes in the lives of prominent characters connected with the Revolution, Sir Henry Clinton, John Andre; 7. The of certain Suppositious Patriots; the most interesting lecture, reveals some of the "Mysteries" of our Revolution.

The following notices from the Public Press, of these Legends and other productions of George Lippard, furnishing the best idea of their character, that can be given in this limited space, are laid before the public by the.

The style of Mr. Lippard as a lecturer, is bold, nervous and impassioned: he speaks that style of oratory which is bound by no school; the elequence of deep feeling and vivid imagination. (Saturday Courier.)

Altogether, we must regard this series of four lectures, the increasing audience which attended each each successive lecture, and the remarkable power which Mr.Lippard has displayed as a speaker, as one of the greatest triumphs for a young man, that has come to our notice. (Daily Keystone.)

—The most thrilling and entertaining description of the battle of Brandywine, ever committed to paper (Lancaster Intelligencer.)

—Lippard is certainly one of the greatest men of genius now living: he is charmingly original, both as an author and a lecturer....an interesting lecture on Benedict Arnold. Although quite young, he has written and published several magnificent works of fiction, among which may be named, "the Lady Annabel" and "Quaker City." (Lebanon Courier, edited by H. Brewer, Esq.)

—This gentleman closed his series of lectures on Saturday evening, fully sustaining his reputation as a man of genius. He fully succeed in overcoming that mean and disreputable spirit which through envy would crush the noble efforts of a generous mind. The whole appearance of the young lecturer is prepossessing; a soft, dark, yet sparkling eye, intellectual forhead, commanding voice, whilst every feature of his countenance, under the excitement of lofty description becomes radient with intellectual light. He possesses a brilliant imagination, fine powers of description, and a flood of historical knowledge. With irrestesistable power, he keeps the attention of the audience enchained in breathless silence, as he leads them on, either to scenes of glowing health and beauty, or representations of the horrible and awful. (Carlisle Statesman, edited by J. M. Gitt, Esq.)

Although quite a young man, Mr. Lippard has already won for himself an enviable reputation as a brilliant and polished writer, indeed there are few if any, of the novelists of our land, whose works are sought after with greater activity. ... His stories of the Revolution excited universal admiration, not only on account of the lofty patriotism which breathed in every line, but for the stirring incidents, the beautiful imagery, the thrilling eloquence, with which he invested them. (Harrisburg Reporter, edited by I. R. Diller, Esq.)

—At this point of the lecture P appeared upon the scene, the struggles of the emigrant from the British isle, his days of poverty and toil in Philadelphia, while writing his great work ""—the tremendous effect which that work had on the public mind, preparing the way for the Declaration of Independence,—all were depicted with intense power. The death-bed of P, where alone, friendless, utterly desolate, the aged D laid himself down to die, with "no mildly—beautiful face of Jesus, to bend over the bed and smile immortality in his glazing eyes," closed this beautiful illustration. (McMakin's Saturday Courier.)

How shall I describe George Lippard, the Orator? To say that he is eloquent, extremely eloquent, would be saying much, but not enough. His style of eloquence is not of that dull prosiac, monotonous character, which is so commonly dignified, in our day and generation, oratory. It is of that species, which may be justly styled the eloquence of the heart, the purity of thought. The rich intonations of his musical, but manly voice, the tremulous motion of his small white hand and tapering fingers, the graceful gesticulations of his arms and body, lend a charm to his words; while his beautiful imagery and felicitous and striking powers of illustration, shed a halo of glory (if I may be allowed the expression) around the man, that is both diverse and inmitable. In a word he is a man of genius. It is impossible to describe his compositions. They are polished in style, pure in diction, and bold and beautiful in imagery, and rich in thought, while they are at the same time splendid in their delineations of the heroes, warriors and patriots of the Revolution. (T. McDowell, Esq., Harrisberg Correspondent of the Mountain Sentinel.)

The Legends of the Wissahikon were given with power; that of the old man, who (engaged in the American cause) was slain by his own son, a Tory spy, was given with an effect as thrilling as the tradition itself is terrible. (Ledger, Dec. 12, 1845.)

He, (George Lippard) is undoubtedly one of the best speakers of the day. (ibid.)

It was observable that the audience who listened to this lecture, was composed in a great part, of aged persons, especially members of the Friends. (ibid,)


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/April-Fools' Day


text:
Page:The Romance of Isabel, Lady Burton.djvu/744

704 the Society of Jesus not to see that a chance yet remained of glorifying her Church—a heaven-sent chance which was not to be lost. Her husband's body was not yet cold, and who could tell for certain whether some spark of life yet lingered in that inanimate form? The doctor declared that no doubt existed regarding the decease, but doctors are often mistaken. So, hardly had the priest crossed the threshold than she flung herself at his feet, and implored him to administer Extreme Unction. The father, who seems to have belonged to the ordinary type of country-bred ecclesiastic so common abroad, and who probably in the whole course of his life had never before availed himself of so startling a method of enrolling a new convert, demurred. There had been no profession of faith, he urged; there could be none now, for—and he hardly liked to pronounce the cruel words—Burton was dead. But Isabel would listen to no arguments, would take no refusal; she remained weeping and wailing on the floor, until at last, to terminate a disagreeable scene, which most likely would have ended in hysterics, he consented to perform the rite. Rome took formal possession of Richard Burton's corpse, and pretended, moreover, with insufferable insolence, to take under her protection his soul. From that moment an inquisitive mob never ceased to disturb the solemn chamber. Other priests went in and out at will, children from a neighbouring orphanage sang hymns and giggled alternately, pious old women recited their rosaries, gloated over the dead, and splashed the bed with holy water; the widow, who had regained her composure, directing the innumerable ceremonies.

… After the necessary interval had elapsed, Burton's funeral took place in the largest church in Trieste, and was made the excuse for an ecclesiastical triumph of a faith he had always loathed.

These statements of Lady Burton and Miss Stisted have been placed one after another, in order that the dispassionate reader may be able to judge not only of their conflicting nature, but of the different spirit which


text:
Page:The Romance of Isabel, Lady Burton.djvu/348

316 some French jewellery for a few coppers, as parting presents for each other, by way of "chaff"; and after seeing the town, ended the evening as usual seated round an empty ranch on the floor or on our boxes, and drank execrable tea, which tasted like hot brandy-and-water without sugar, and some beer presented to us by the great man of the place. As I was told he was very rich and stingy, I asked him to make me a present of a few bottles of beer for my party, as we were thirsty; but if I remember right, he sent me in a bill for it next morning.

In the morning we got a good ranch breakfast, during which we were visited by all the "swells" of Sahara. We set out for the river, where the canoes were. Two canoes were lashed together, boarded, and covered over with an awning just like a tent. There was a little brick stove, benches, and a writing-table erected. Richard and I went on board, and the young lady of the party, Miss Dundas, niece of "Uncle Brown," the before-mentioned "Padre Eterno," broke a bottle of caxassi over her bows, exclaiming, "Brig Eliza" whereby hangs an untold joke. Besides our own party, nearly all the village followed us. So there arose respectable cheers for the " Brig Eliza" "Captain and Mrs. Burton," "Success to the expedition," "The Superintendent and his wife," "Prosperity to Sahara," "The Emperor of Brazil," "The Queen of England," with many vivas. We then took all our own party on board, and sent the animals forward to meet us, and shoved off. There were two blacks in the stern, and two in the bows to paddle and pole, and one black


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blundevill, Randulph de


text:
Page:Don Quixote (Cervantes, Ormsby) Volume 2.djvu/26

4 Majesty to do but to command, by public proclamation, all the knights-errant that are scattered over Spain to assemble on a fixed day in the capital, for even if no more than half a dozen come, there may be one among them who alone will suffice to destroy the entire might of the Turk. Give me your attention and follow me. Is it, pray, any new thing for a single knight-errant to demolish an army of two hundred thousand men, as if they all had but one throat or were made of sugar-paste? Nay, tell me, how many histories are there filled with these marvels? If only (in an evil hour for me: I don't speak for any one else) the famous Don Belianis were alive now, or any one of the innumerable progeny of Amadis of Gaul! If any of these were alive to-day, and were to come face to face with the Turk, by my faith, I would not give much for the Turk's chance. But God will have regard for his people, and will provide some one, who, if not so valiant as the knights-errant of yore, at least will not be inferior to them in spirit; but God knows what I mean, and I say no more."

"Alas!" exclaimed the niece at this, "may I die if my master does not want to turn knight-errant again;" to which Don Quixote replied, "A knight-errant I shall die, and let the Turk come down or go up when he likes, and in as strong force as he can, once more I say, God knows what I mean." But here the barber said, "I ask your worships to give me leave to tell a short story of something that happened in Seville, which comes so pat to the purpose just now that I should like greatly to tell it." Don Quixote gave him leave, and the rest prepared to listen, and he begun thus: "In the madhouse at Seville there was a man whom his relations had placed there as being out of his mind. He was a graduate of Osuna in canon law; but even if he had been of Salamanca, it was the opinion of most people that he would have been mad all the same. This graduate, after some years of confinement, took it into his head that he was sane and in his full senses, and under this impression wrote to the Archbishop, entreating him earnestly, and in very correct language, to have him released from the misery in which he was living; for by God's mercy he had now recovered his lost reason, though his relations, in order to enjoy his property, kept him there, and, in spite of the truth, would make him out to be mad until his dying day. The Archbishop, moved by repeated sensible, well-written letters, directed one of his chaplains to


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blow, James


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blow, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blower, Samuel


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bloxham, John (d.1334?)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bloxham, John (d.1387)


text:
Page:Don Quixote (Cervantes, Ormsby) Volume 2.djvu/27

Rh make inquiry of the governor of the madhouse as to the truth of the licentiate's statements, and to have an interview with the madman himself, and, if it should appear that he was in his senses, to take him out and restore him to liberty. The chaplain did so, and the governor assured him that the man was still mad, and that though he often spoke like a highly intelligent person, he would in the end break out into nonsense that in quantity and quality counterbalanced all the sensible things he had said before, as might be easily tested by talking to him. The chaplain resolved to try the experiment, and obtaining access to the madman conversed with him for an hour or more, during the whole of which time he never uttered a word that was incoherent or absurd, but, on the contrary, spoke so rationally that the chaplain was compelled to believe him to be sane. Among other things, he said the governor was against him, not to lose the presents his relations made him for reporting him still mad but with lucid intervals; and that the worst foe he had in his misfortune was his large property; for in order to enjoy it his enemies disparaged and threw doubts upon the mercy our Lord had shown him in turning him from a brute beast into a man. In short, he spoke in such a way that he cast suspicion on the governor, and made his relations appear covetous and heartless, and himself so rational that the chaplain determined to take him away with him that the Archbishop might see him, and ascertain for himself the truth of the matter. Yielding to this conviction, the worthy chaplain begged the governor to have the clothes in which the licentiate had entered the house given to him. The governor again bade him beware of what he was doing, as the licentiate was beyond a doubt still mad; but all his cautions and warnings were unavailing to dissuade the chaplain from taking him away. The governor, seeing that it was the order of the Archbishop, obeyed, and they dressed the licentiate in his own clothes, which were new and decent. He, as soon as he saw himself clothed like one in his senses, and divested of the appearance of a madman, entreated the chaplain to permit him in charity to go and take leave of his comrades the madmen. The chaplain said he would go with him to see what madmen there were in the house; so they went upstairs, and with them some of those who were present. Approaching a cage in which there was a furious madman, though just at that moment calm and quiet, the licentiate said to him, 'Brother,


text: Page:Don Quixote (Cervantes, Ormsby) Volume 2.djvu/2


text:
User:Mlsteenwx13

am starting at the beginning as i am an original wikisource in the following areas:

title: User:Mlsteenwx13


text:
Page:Don Quixote (Cervantes, Ormsby) Volume 2.djvu/28

6 think if you have any commands for me, for I am going home, as God has been pleased, in his infinite goodness and mercy, without any merit of mine, to restore me my reason. I am now cured and in my senses, for with God's power nothing is impossible. Have strong hope and trust in him, for as he has restored me to my original condition, so likewise he will restore you if you trust in him. I will take care to send you some good things to eat; and be sure you eat them; for I would have you know I am convinced, as one who has gone through it, that all this madness of ours comes of having the stomach empty and the brains full of wind. Take courage! take courage! for despondency in misfortune breaks down health and brings on death.' "To all these words of the licentiate another madman in a cage opposite that of the furious one was listening; and raising himself up from an old mat on which he lay stark naked, he asked in a loud voice who it was that was going away cured and in his senses. The licentiate answered, 'It is I, brother, who am going; I have now no need to remain here any longer, for which I return infinite thanks to Heaven that has had so great mercy upon me.' " 'Mind what you are saying, licentiate; don't let the devil deceive you,' replied the madman. 'Keep quiet, stay where you are, and you will save yourself the trouble of coming back.' " 'I know I am cured,' returned the licentiate, 'and that I shall not have to go stations again.' " 'You cured!' said the madman; 'well, we shall see; God be with you; but I swear to you by Jupiter, whose majesty I represent on earth, that for this crime alone, which Seville is committing to-day in releasing you from this house, and treating you as if you were in your senses, I shall have to inflict such a punishment on it as will be remembered for ages and ages, amen. Dost thou not know, thou miserable little licentiate, that I can do it, being, as I say, Jupiter the Thunderer, who hold in my hands the fiery bolts with which I am able and am wont to threaten and lay waste the world? But in one way only will I punish this ignorant town, and that is by not raining upon it, nor on any part of its district or territory, for three whole years, to be reckoned from the day and moment when this threat is pronounced. Thou free, thou cured,


text:
Page:Don Quixote (Cervantes, Ormsby) Volume 2.djvu/29

Rh thou in thy senses! and I mad, I disordered, I bound! I will as soon think of sending rain as of hanging myself.' "Those present stood listening to the words and exclamations of the madman; but our licentiate, turning to the chaplain and seizing him by the hands, said to him, 'Be not uneasy, señor; attach no importance to what this madman has said; for if he is Jupiter and will not send rain, I, who am Neptune, the father and god of the waters, will rain as often as it pleases me and may be needful.' "The governor and the bystanders laughed, and at their laughter the chaplain was half ashamed, and he replied, 'For all that, Señor Neptune, it will not do to vex Señor Jupiter; remain where you are, and some other day, when there is a better opportunity and more time, we will come back for you.' So they stripped the licentiate, and he was left where he was; and that's the end of the story." "So that's the story, master barber," said Don Quixote, "which came in so pat to the purpose that you could not help telling it? Master shaver, master shaver! how blind is he who can not see through a sieve. Is it possible that you do not know that comparisons of wit with wit, valor with valor, beauty with beauty, birth with birth, are always odious and unwelcome? I, master barber, am not Neptune the god of the waters, nor do I try to make any one take me for an astute man, for I am not one. My only endeavor is to convince the world of the mistake it makes in not reviving in itself the happy time when the order of knight-errantry was in the field. But our depraved age does not deserve to enjoy such a blessing as those ages enjoyed when knights-errant took upon their shoulders the defence of kingdoms, the protection of damsels, the succor of orphans and minors, the chastisement of the proud, and the recompense of the humble. With the knights of these days, for the most part, it is the damask, brocade, and rich stuffs they wear, that rustle as they go, not the chain mail of their armor; no knight now-a-days sleeps in the open field exposed to the inclemency of heaven, and in full panoply from head to foot; no one now takes a nap, as they call it, without drawing his feet out of the stirrups, and leaning upon his lance, as the knights-errant used to do; no one now, issuing from the wood, penetrates yonder mountains, and then treads the barren, lonely shore of the sea — mostly a tempestuous and stormy


text:
Author:James Morris Morgan

Works

 * Recollections of a Rebel Reefer (includes story of the Confederate States Ship Georgia

title: Author:James Morris Morgan


text:
User talk:Burtoniana

Welcome
Welcome

Hello, Burtoniana, and welcome to Wikisource! Thank you for. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Help pages
 * Style guide
 * Inclusion policy
 * For Wikipedians

You may be interested in participating in Add the code active projects, PotM or CotW to your page for current wikisource projects.
 * Proofread of the Month
 * Community collaboration
 * Requested texts

You can put a brief description of your interests on your user page and contributions to another Wikimedia project, such as Wikipedia and Commons.

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikisource, the library that is free for everyone to use! In discussions, please "sign" your comments using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question here (click  [ edit] ) and place  before your question.

Again, welcome! Beeswaxcandle (talk) 07:17, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Burtoniana


text: Index:Valmiki - Ramayana, Griffith, 1895.djvu


text:
Author:Valmiki

Works

 * The Ramayana

 * Tr. by R. T. H. Griffith
 * Tr. by Manmatha Nath Dutt
 * Bāla Kanda
 * Ayodhya Kanda
 * Āranya Kanda
 * Kishkindhā Kanda
 * Sundara Kanda
 * Yuddha Kanda
 * Uttara Kanda
 * Adaptation by Tulsidas

Works about Valmiki

 * Valmiki, Makers of Indian Literature by I. Panduranga Rao.

title: Author:Valmiki


text:
User talk:INeverCry

Welcome
Welcome

Hello, INeverCry, and welcome to Wikisource! Thank you for. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:
 * Help pages
 * Style guide
 * Inclusion policy
 * For Wikipedians

You may be interested in participating in Add the code active projects, PotM or CotW to your page for current wikisource projects.
 * Proofread of the Month
 * Community collaboration
 * Requested texts

You can put a brief description of your interests on your user page and contributions to another Wikimedia project, such as Wikipedia and Commons.

I hope you enjoy contributing to Wikisource, the library that is free for everyone to use! In discussions, please "sign" your comments using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically produce your IP address (or username if you're logged in) and the date. If you need help, ask me on my talk page, or ask your question here (click  [ edit] ) and place  before your question.

Again, welcome! Beeswaxcandle (talk) 09:18, 28 March 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:INeverCry


text:
Page:Valmiki - Ramayana, Griffith, 1895.djvu/7

 THE RAMAYAN OF VALMIKI H TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH VERSE BY RALPH T. H. GRIFFITH, M.A..C.I.E. FORMER PRINCIPAL OF THE BENARES COLLEGE, AND LATE DIRECTOR PUBLIC INSTRUCTION N.-W. P. AND OUDH. COMPLETE IN ONE VOLUME. BENARES : PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY E. J. LAZARUS AND CO. SOLD ALSO BY LUZAC AND CO., LONDON. . All rights reserved.


text:
Page:Valmiki - Ramayana, Griffith, 1895.djvu/11

 CONTENTS. Page Dedication. Introduction. Invocation. BOOK I. CANTO i. Narad. ii. Brahma's Visit, iii. The Argument. iv. The Rhapsodists. v. Ayodhya. vi.The King. vii.The Ministers, viii. Sumantra's Speech. ... ix. Rishyasring. x. Rishyasring Invited. ... xi. The Sacrifice Decreed, xii. The Sacrifice Begun... xiii. The Sacrifice Finished, xiv. Ravan Doomed, xv. The Nectar, xvi.-The Vanars, xvii. Rishyasring's Return, xviii. Rishyasring's Depar- ture. xix. The Birth of thePrinces. xx. Visvamitra's Visit. ... xxi. Visvamitra's Speech... xxii. Dasaratha's Speech.... xxiii. -Vasishtha's Speech, xxiv. The Spells, xxv. The Hermitage of Love, xxvi. The Forest of Tadaka. xxvii. The Birth of Tadaka. xxviii. The Death of Tadaka. xxix. The Celestial Arms. .. xxx. The Mysterious Powers, xxxi. The Perfect Hermitage. xxxii. Visvamitra's Sacrifice, xxxiii. The Sone. xxxiv. Brahmadatta. xxxv. Visvamitra's Lineage, xxxvi. The Birth of Ganga. xxxix. The Sons of Sagar. xl. The 01 caving of the Earth, xli. Kapil. xlii. Sagar's Sacrifice. Page CANTO xliii. Bhagirath. ... 53 xliv. The Descent of Ganga. 54 xlv. The Quest of the Amrit. 56 xlvi. Diti's Hope. ... 58 xlvii. Sumati. ... 59 xlviii. Indra and Ahalya. 60 xlix. Ahalya Freed. ... 61 1. Janak. ... 6l li. Visvamitra. ... 62 Iii. Vasishtha's Feast. ... 63 liii. Visvamitra's Request. 64 liv. The Battle. ... 65 lv. The Hermitage Burnt. 66 Ivi. Visvamitra's Vow. ... 67 Ivii. Trisanku. ... 68 Iviii. Trisanku Cursed. ... 69 lix. The Sons of Vasishtha. 70 Ix. Trisanku's Ascension. ... 71 Ixi. Sunahsepha. ... 72 Ixii. Ambarisha's Sacrifice. 73 Ixiii. Menaka. ... 74 Ixiv. Rambha. ... 75 Ixv. Visvamitra's Triumph. 76 Ixvi. Janak's Speech. ... 77 Ixvii. The Breaking of the Bow. Ixviii. The Envoys' Speech. Ixix. Dasaratha's Visit. ... Ixx. The Maidens Sought. Ixxi. Janak's Pedigree. ... Ixxii. The Gift of Kine. ... Ixxiii. The Nuptials. Ixxiv. Rama with the Axe. Ixxv. The Parle. Ixxvi. Debarred from Heaven, Ixxvii. Bharat's Departure. BOOK II. CANTO i. The Heir Apparent. ... ii. The People's Speech. ... iii. Dasaratha's Precepts. ... iv. Rama Summoned, v. Rama's Fast, vi. The City Decorated. ... vii. Manthara's Lament. ...


text:
Page:Valmiki - Ramayana, Griffith, 1895.djvu/12

 Page CANTO viii. Manthara's Speech. ... 97 ix. The Plot. ... 98 x. Dasaratha's Speech. ... 100 xi. The Queen's Demand. ... 102 xii. Dagaratha's Lament. ... 103 xiii. Uaaaratha's Distress. 106 xiv. Rama Summoned. ... 107 xv. The Preparations. ... 109 xvi. Rama Summoned. ... Ill xvii. Rama's Approach. ... 112 xviii. The Sentence. ... 113 xix. Rama's Promise. ... 114 xx. Kausalya's Lament. ... 116 xxi. Kausalya Calmed. ... 118 xxii. Lakshman Calmed. ... 120 xxii. Lakshman's Anger. 121 xxiv. Kausalya Calmed. ... 122 xxv. Kausalya s Blessing. 124 xxvi. Alone with Sita. ... 125 xxvii. Sita's Speech. ... 126 xxviii. The Dangers of the Wood 127 xxix. Sita's Appeal. ... 128 xxx. The Triumph of Love. 129 xxxi, Lakshman's Prayer. 131 xxxii. The Gift of the Treasures 132 xxxiii. The People's Lament. 133 xxxiv. llama in the Palace. 134 xxxv. Kaikeyi Reproached. 136 xxxvi. Siddharth's Speech. 137 xxxvii. The Coats of Bark. 138 xxxviii. Care for Kausalya. 139 xxxix. Counsel to Sita. ... 140 xl. Rama's Departure. ... 141 xli. The Citizens' Lament. 143 xlii. Dasaratha's Lament. 144 xliii. Kausalya's Lament. 145 xliv. Sumitra's Speech. ... 143 xlv. The Tamasa. ... 147 xlvi. The Halt 148 xlvii. The Citizens' Return. 149 xlviii. The Women's Lament 150 xlix. The Crossing of the Rivers lol . The Halt under the Ingudi. 15 1 H. Lakshman's Lament. ... 153 Hi. The Crossing of Ganga. 153 liii. Rama's Lament. ... 157 liv. Bharai vaj a'a Hennitage.153 Page CANTO lv. The Passage of YamunA. 159 Ivi. Ohitrakuta 161 Ivii. Sumantra's Return. 102 Iviii. Rama's Message. ... 163 lix Dasaratha's Lament. 164 Ix. Kausalya Consoled. ... 165 Ixi Kauaalya's Lament. ... 166 Ixii. Dasaratha Consoled. 167 Ixiii. The Hermit's Son ... 168 Ixiv. Daaaratha's Death. 170 Ixv. The Women's Lament. 172 Ixvi, The Embalming. ... 173 Ixvii. The Praise of Kings. 174 Ixviii. The Envoys. ... 175 Ixix. Bharat's Dream. ... 176 Ixx. Bharat's Departure. 177 Ixxi. Bharat's Return. ... 178 Ixxii. Bharat's Inquiry. ... 180 Ixxiii. Kaikeyi Reproached. 181 Ixxiv.Bharat's Lament ... 182 Ixxv. The Abjuration. ... 183 Ixxvi. The Funeral. ... 185 Ixxvii. The Gathering of the Ashes 186 Ixxviii. Manthara Punished. 187 Ixxix. Bharat's Commands. 188 Ixxx. The Way Prepared. 188 Ixxxi. The Assembly. ... 189 Ixxxii. The Departure. ... 190 Ixxxiii. The Journey Begun. 191 Ixxxiv. Guha's Auger. ... 192 Ixxxv. Guhaand Bharat. 192 Ixxxvi. Guha's Speech. ... 193 Ixxxvii. Guha's Story ... 194 Ixxxviii. The Ingudi Tree. 195 Ixxxix. The Passage of Ganga 193 xc. The Hermitage. ... 197 xci. Bharadvaja's Feast .. 197 xcii. Bharat's Farewell. ... 200 xciii. Chitrakuta in Sight. 201 xciv. Chitrakuta. ... 202 xcv. Mandakini 203 xcvi. The Magic Shaft. ... 204 xcvii. Lakshman's Anger. 206 xcviii. Lakshman Calmed. 207 xcix, Bharat's Approach. 208 c. The Meeting 209 ci. Bharat Questioned. ... 210 cii, Bharat's Tidings. ... 211