text:
The Mahabharata/Book 1: Adi Parva/Section CLVIII

(Hidimva-vadha Parva continued)

"Vaisampayana said, 'Those mighty car-warriors, the heroic Pandavas, then went, O king, from forest to forest killing deer and many animals (for their food). And in the course of their wanderings they saw the countries of the Matsyas, the Trigartas, the Panchalas and then of the Kichakas, and also many beautiful woods and lakes therein. And they all had matted locks on their heads and were attired in barks of trees and the skins of animals. Indeed, with Kunti in their company those illustrious heroes were attired in the garbs of ascetics. And those mighty car-warriors sometimes proceeded in haste, carrying their mother on their backs; and sometimes they proceeded in disguise, and sometimes again with great celerity. And they used to study the Rik and the other Vedas and also all the Vedangas as well as the sciences of morals and politics. And the Pandavas, conversant with the science of morals, met, in course of their wanderings their grandfather (Vyasa). And saluting the illustrious Krishna-Dwaipayana, those chastisers of enemies, with their mother, stood before him with joined hands.'

"Vyasa then said, 'Ye bulls of Bharata's race, I knew beforehand of this affliction of yours consisting in your deceitful exile by the son of Dhritarashtra. Knowing this, I have come to you, desirous of doing you some great good. Do not grieve for what hath befallen you. Know that all this is for your happiness. Undoubtedly, the sons of Dhritarashtra and you are all equal in my eye. But men are always partial to those who are in misfortune or of tender years. It is therefore, that my affection for you is greater now. And in consequence of that affection, I desire to do you good. Listen to me! Not far off before you is a delightful town where no danger can overtake you. Live ye there in disguise, waiting for my return.'

"Vaisampayana continued, 'Vyasa, the son of Satyavati, thus comforting the Pandavas, led them into the town of Ekachakra. And the master also comforted Kunti, saying, 'Live, O daughter! This son of thine, Yudhishthira, ever devoted to truth, this illustrious bull among men, having by his justice conquered the whole world, will rule over all the other monarchs of the earth. There is little doubt that, having by means of Bhima's and Arjuna's prowess conquered the whole earth with her belt of seas, he will enjoy the sovereignty thereof. Thy sons as well as those of Madri--mighty car-warriors all--will cheerfully sport as pleaseth them in their dominions. These tigers among men will also perform various sacrifices, such as the Rajasuya and the horse-sacrifice, in which the presents unto the Brahmanas are very large. And these thy sons will rule their ancestral kingdom, maintaining their friends and relatives in luxury and affluence and happiness.'

"Vaisampayana continued, 'With these words Vyasa introduced them into the dwelling of a Brahmana. And the island-born Rishi, addressing the eldest of the Pandavas, said, 'Wait here for me! I will come back to you! By adapting yourselves to the country and the occasion you will succeed in becoming very happy.'

"Then, O king, the Pandavas with joined hands said unto the Rishi, 'So be it.' And the illustrious master, the Rishi Vyasa, then went away to the region whence he had come.'"


text:
Page:Abraham Lincoln address (1909).djvu/24

 "I will bear in mind your hint as to Charleston, and do not think that salt will be necessary. When I move, the Fifteenth Corps will be on the right of the right wing, and their position will naturally bring them into Charleston first; and if you have watched the history of that corps, you will have remarked that they generally do their work pretty well," etc. (2 Sherman's Memoirs, pp. 223-227-8.)

Of this infamous conduct on the part of Sherman, Mr. Whitelaw Reid, of New York, our present representative at the Court of St. James, has recently written in "Ohio in the War," pp. 475-8-9, referring especially to the burning of Columbia, as follows:

"It was the most monstrous barbarity of this barbarous march. * * * "Before this movement began, General Sherman begged permission to turn his army loose in South Carolina and devastate it. He used this permission to the full. He protested that he did not wage war upon women and children. But, under the operation of his orders, the last morsel of food was taken from hundreds of destitute families, that his soldiers might feast in needless and riotous abundance. Before his eyes rose, day after day, the mournful clouds of smoke on every side, that told of old people and their grandchildren driven, in mid-winter, from the only roofs there were to shelter them, by the flames which the wantonness of his soldiers had kindled." * * * "Yet, if a single soldier was punished for a single outrage or theft during that entire movement, we have found no mention of it in all the voluminous records of the march."

Let us ask, Who alone had any semblance of authority to give this permission to Sherman and who gave it? There can be but one answer—Abraham Lincoln, the then President of the United States. Will the people of the South lick the hand that thus smote their fathers, their mothers, their brethren and their sisters by now singing peans of glory to his name and fame?

"Lord God of hosts, defend us yet Lest we forget, lest we forget."

The New York Evening Post, one of the most sectional papers in the country, said editorially, a short time since, that—

"Mention of Sherman still opens flood gates of bitterness. He was a purloiner of silver; his soldiers spared neither women nor children; he burned towns that had not offended, and cities that had surrendered; and he spared not even the

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Industries, Welfare Work in

INDUSTRIES, Welfare Work in. An interesting and valuable feature of modern industrial life is the attention given by many employers to the safety, comfort and health of workers. The new impetus in this field takes its origin not only from philanthropic and paternalistic motives, but from the demands of modern business for scientific management and industrial efficiency. In addition to reform legislation making many such measures effective, an increasing number of employers have found it expedient to adopt various methods for safeguarding and protecting their employees. The result has been manifest not only in the improvement of the immediate working environment and the creation of numerous safety devices, but in the provision for lunch and rest rooms; recreation facilities, rest periods in monotonous work; medical inspection and attention which includes all arrangements from

simple first aid to elaborate hospitals, factory physicians, sanitariums, home care by nurses; social organization and education of workers; housing facilities; insurance, pension, etc. A welfare secretary is often employed whose duties consist in caring for the general personal interest of the employees, and in addition, the engaging and readjusting of labor, the meeting of complaints and solving the problem of discipline. The principle of the entire work is the most economic use of the energy available by the right adjustment between the worker and the machine and the adaptation of both to the general work. The result from the employer's point of view has been a marked increase of output because of the lessening of fatigue, the adjusting of the “man to the job” and the heightening of interest on the part of the employed. In connection with the European War, studies of the labor problems have established the fact that such measures for industrial betterment heighten human efficiency and lessen the fatigue and monotony consequent to excessive demand for labor on diminished physical forces. (See ). Consult Proud, E. D., ‘Welfare Work’ (1916); Cadbury, E., ‘Experiments in Industrial Organization’ (London 1912); Hoxie, R. F., ‘Scientific Management and Labor’ (New York 1915); Whitney, A. L., ‘Rest and Recreation Rooms and Rest Periods for Employees’ (in monthly review of United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, Vol. V, October 1917, No. 4); id., ‘Medical, Surgical and Hospital Treatment for Employees’ (id., September 1917, pp- 59-67); Goldmark, Josephine, ‘Fatigue and Efficiency’ (1912).


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Clemens, Samuel Langhorne

CLEMENS, Samuel Langhorne, American humorist; more generally known by his pseudonym 1835; d. Redding, Conn., 21 April 1910. He received only a scanty school education, and in 1848 became apprentice to a printer, subsequently working at this trade in Philadelphia, New York and elsewhere. He afterward learned the business of pilot on the Mississippi, but left this occupation to become secretary to his brother, who had been appointed secretary of Nevada Territory. He then tried his fortune at the Nevada mines. In 1862 he became local editor of a newspaper in Virginia City, but soon went to San Francisco, where he was for some time a reporter. After meeting with slight success in the Calaveras gold-diggings he returned to journalism in San Francisco. In 1866 he went to the Sandwich Islands, and on his return commenced his lecturing career. A trip to the Mediterranean, Egypt and Palestine followed. He edited for a time a newspaper in Buffalo, and soon after married and settled in Hartford, Conn. He traveled widely, and many of the scenes and incidents in his works are drawn from his journeys. He lost heavily through the failure
 * b. Florida, Mo., 30 Nov.

of a publishing house which he founded in 1884. In 1905 a dinner was given him at New York by his author friends celebrating his seventieth birthday. When he visited England, in 1907, he was everywhere hailed with respect, and received from Oxford the honorary degree of Litt.D. His humor is characteristically American, but has a coarser side, often sinning against good taste and being irreverent and flippant at wrong times and places. But his comic force and fertility offset all defects; and beneath what seems reckless levity there is sound morality as well as clear-eyed shrewdness and hard common sense. The predilection which he vaunts for exploiting the mean aspect of things venerable or impressive betrays a touch of the spirit of American Philistinism. Of this the ‘Innocents Abroad’ is an instance. But not so ‘Huckleberry Finn’ and ‘Tom Sawyer’; in those, his best books, he appears as a master of humor and pathetic suggestion, and a truly creative genius. No other writer has so vividly portrayed the irrepressible American boy, or given his readers so adequate an impression of the large, homely, spontaneous life led by native Americans in the great valley of the Mississippi. Among his chief books are ‘The Jumping Frog’ (1867); ‘The Innocents Abroad’ ( 1869); ‘Roughing it’ (1873); ‘The Gilded Age’ (with Warner, 1873); ‘Adventures of Tom Sawyer’ (1876); ‘A Tramp Abroad’ (1880); ‘Life on the Mississippi’ (1883); ‘Huckleberry Finn’ (1885); ‘A Yankee at the Court of King Arthur’ (1889); ‘The American Claimant’ (1852); ‘Tom Sawyer Abroad’ (1894); ‘Puddinhead Wilson’ (1894); ‘Joan of Arc’ (1896); ‘More Tramps Abroad’ (1897); ‘The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg’ (1900); ‘Following the Equator’ (1901); ‘Christian Science’ (1903); ‘How to Tell a Story’ (1904); ‘Editorial Wild Oats’ (1905); ‘Eve's Diary’ (1905); ‘A Horse's Tale’ (1906); ‘The $30,000 Bequest’ (1906); ‘Autobiography of Mark Twain’ (published serially). An edition of his collected writings, ‘Writings of Mark Twain,’ was published in 25 volumes (New York 1910). ‘Mark Twain's Speeches,’ edited by W. D. Howells, also was first published in New York in the year of the author's death. For biography, consult Paine, A. B., ‘Mark Twain: A Biography’ (Mew York 1912); for bibliography, see Johnson, M., ‘Bibliography of Mark Twain’ (New York 1910); other books connected with this author are Henderson, A., ‘Mark Twain’ (New York 1911); Sedgwick, H., “Mark Twain,” in the ‘New American Type’ (Boston 1908); Howells, W. D., ‘My Mark Twain’ (New York 1910); Macy, J., “Mark Twain,” in ‘The Spirit of American Literature’ (ib. 1913).


text:
Template:Scan/doc

Usage
This template gives a link to the index corresponding to a text.

One parameter
shows

The image links Works of Charles Dickens, ed. Lang - Volume 1.djvu to its scan: Index:Works of Charles Dickens, ed. Lang - Volume 1.djvu. This is only useful if the index and the mainspace pages have the same name.

Two parameters
shows

The image links The Pickwick Papers to its scan: Index:Works of Charles Dickens, ed. Lang - Volume 1.djvu.

Three parameters
shows

The image links The Pickwick Papers to its scan: Index:Works of Charles Dickens, ed. Lang - Volume 1.djvu, using the label Works of Charles Dickens, Volume 1.

"end" parameter
shows

The image links The Pickwick Papers to its scan: Index:Works of Charles Dickens, ed. Lang - Volume 1.djvu, and displays the book icon at the end of the line. The value of this parameter can be anything (even "no", "false", "0") to trigger, except blank.

title: Template:Scan/doc


text:
Page:The Oxford book of Italian verse.djvu/555

NOTES  (page 257). Born at Venice. Travelled. Secretary of the Senate and one of the Council of Ten.

 (page 263). Born at Ferrara. Studied at Padua; professor of rhetoric at Ferrara; member of the Accademia deglt Eterei of Padua; went to the court of Alfonso II d'Este, 1567. Went on political missions; was present at the production of Tasso's Aminta at Ferrara in 1573. Afterwards in the services of Carlo Emanuele of Savoy, the Duke of Urbino, and the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Went to Rome in 1605 to offer the homage of Ferrara to Paul V. Was head of the society of the Umoristi. Died at Venice. He wrote the famous Pastor Fido; it was acted for the first time at Crema in 1596.

 (page 265). Born at Sorrento. Studied under the Jesuits at Naples. After his father had lost most of his possessions, the family went to Rome, and then to the court of Guidobaldo II at Urbino. Studied law at Padua; was for two years at the University of Bologna, but had to leave because he recited a pasquinade (probably written by someone else) on the manners of the professors and students. He published the Rinaldo in 1562, and in 1565 was attached to the court of Ferrara in the service of Cardinal Luigi D'Este. Worked at the Gerusalemme Liberata for six years, and fell in love with the Duke's sister Leonora. Wrote the Aminta in 1572; in 1575 an obscure mental disease began to develop in him; he disappeared from the court on various occasions, wandering aimlessly over Italy, and had to be put under restraint in the asylum of St. Anna, Ferrara; the Duke seems to have treated him as kindly as possible. He died in the convent of Sant'Onofrio in Rome when Clement VIII was about to crown him laureate on the Capitol. [Gerusalemme Liberata, 3 vols., ed. Solerti, Firenze, 1895-6; Opere mlnori, ed. A. Solerti, Bologna, 1891-5.] 555


text:
Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/326

iv. 7- verb in d by 'wegstellen.' When you set the pot aside (take it off the fire), it stops boiling; and so the poison is to stop working. But see also Weber's note.⌋

5. With a spell we cause to stand about [thee] as it were a collected troop (grā́ma); stand thou, like a tree in [its] station; spade-dug one (f.), thou rackest not.

6. For covers (? pavásta) they bought thee, also for garments (? dūrçá), for goat-skins; purchasable (? prakrī́) art thou, O herb; spade-dug one, thou rackest not.

7. Who of you did what first unattained deeds—let them not harm our heroes here; for that purpose I put you forward.

1. The being (bhūtá) sets milk in beings; he has become the overlord of beings; Death attends (car) the royal consecration (rājasū́ya) of him; let him, as king, approve this royalty.

The meaning is obscure. Very possibly bhūtá is taken here in more than one of its senses, by a kind of play upon the word. Weber renders it the first time by "powerful" (kräftig), nearly as the comm., whose gloss is samṛddhaḥ; the latter gives it the same

title: Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/326


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/5


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/6


text:
Template talk:Scan

See history [//http://fr.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Livre2Scann%C3%A9&action=history here.]. --Zyephyrus (talk) 19:02, 9 April 2012 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Scan


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/7


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/8


text:
Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/327

157 sense the second time, but the third time simply prāṇinām. The introduction of "death" in the second half-verse suggests the interpretation (R.) that the deceased predecessor of the prince now to be consecrated is besought to give his sanction to the ceremony from the world of the departed (bhūtá). The comm. regards death as brought in in the character of dharmarāja, as he who requites good and evil deeds. TB. (in ii. 7. 15$1$) is the only other text that has this verse, reading in a carati práviṣṭaḥ (for páya ā́ dadhāti) and in c mṛtyāú: the variants are of a character to make us distrust the value of the matter as admitting any consistent interpretation. Ppp. reads in c sa te for tásya.

2. Go forward unto [it]; do not long (? ven) away, a stern (ugrá) corrector (cettár), rival-slayer; approach (ā-sthā), O increaser of friends; may the gods bless (adhi-brū) thee.

3. Him approaching all waited upon (pari-bhūṣ); clothing himself in fortune, he goes about (car), having own brightness; great is that name of the virile (vṛ́ṣan) Asura; having all forms, he approached immortal things.

4. A tiger, upon the tiger's [skin], do thou stride out unto the great quarters; let all the people (víças) want thee, the waters of heaven, rich in milk.

5. The waters of heaven that revel with milk, in the atmosphere or also on the earth—with the splendor of all those waters do I pour upon (abhi-sic) thee.

title: Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/327


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Clematis

CLEMATIS (Gr. κλῆμα, tendril), a genus of mostly climbing and highly ornamental shrubs, belonging to the natural order ranunculaceæ. It is generically distinguished by having four valvate colored sepals, no petals, opposite leaves, and carpels bearing the styles as long feathery tails. It embraces more than 50 species, distributed eastward from Mexico to Japan, 9 of them being natives of North America. The flower is often odoriferous, and its color is white, yellow, violet, purple, or blue. The C. vitalba (Linn.), often called the traveller's joy, is a native of England, and is common throughout England and France, covering hedges and old walls with its ample pinnate leaves, and its panicles of white fragrant blossoms. Its leaves contain an acrid juice which irritates the skin, and were used by beggars in the middle ages to produce artificial and easily curable ulcers. The C. flammula, the most sweet-scented of the species, resembles the preceding, but has smaller leaves and flowers, and is indigenous and most abundant in the south of France. The C. cirrhosa is an elegant evergreen, with large greenish-white flowers, and is abundant in Spain and on the

Atlas mountains in Africa. The C. viticella, or blue clematis, is especially esteemed for forming trellises in gardens, and is distinguished by its beautiful purplish, bell-shaped blossoms hanging gracefully upon solitary peduncles. The genus atragene of Linnæus, embracing one American and several Siberian and Alpine plants, is by most authors made a species of clematis. Among the American species are the C. Virginiana, or virgin's bower, having leaves with three ovate acute leaflets, numerous white flowers in panicled clusters on axillary peduncles, climbing upon shrubs along river banks, and common throughout the United States; the C. viorna, or leather flower, with a very glabrous, bell-shaped, purplish calyx, with fruit bearing very plumose tails, and found in rich soil in the middle and southern states; and the C. ochroleuca, with simple and entire leaves, silky beneath,

single large nodding flowers, yellowish within, with erect stem, growing about a foot high, and found rarely in New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. All the species of clematis grow and blossom freely in any light soil, and they are widely esteemed in gardens for trellis-work, and for training against a wall. They may be readily propagated by layers, young cuttings, or seeds.

title: The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Clematis


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Clemens, Samuel Langhorne

CLEMENS, Samuel Langhorne , an American humorist, born at Florida, Monroe co., Missouri, Nov. 30, 1835. He attended a common school until 13 years of age, when he became an apprentice in the printing office of the “Courier” at Hannibal, Mo., and afterward worked at his trade in St. Louis, Cincinnati, Philadelphia, and New York. In 1855 he went to New Orleans, intending to take passage for Pará, to explore the Amazon, and to engage in the cacao trade; but the fact that there was no ship from New Orleans to Pará prevented the fulfilment of his plan. On his way down the Mississippi he had made friends with the pilots, and learned to steer the boat, and for the consideration of $500 they engaged to make him a St. Louis and New Orleans pilot. He went up and down the river steering and studying the 1,275 miles of the route, and after a time received his license, and secured a situation as a pilot at $250 a month. In 1861 his brother was appointed secretary of the territory of Nevada, and Samuel accompanied him as his private secretary. He worked in the mines for about a year, and says in his “Roughing It” that he was really worth a million dollars for just 10 days, and lost it through his own heedlessness. He then shovelled quartz in a silver mill for $10 a week, for one week only. In the mean time he had written occasional letters to the Virginia City “Enterprise,” and in the winter of 1862 he became city editor of that journal, and held the position for three years. Part of the time he reported legislative proceedings from Carson, summing up results in weekly letters to the “Enterprise,” which he signed “Mark Twain.” The name was a reminiscence of his steamboat days on the Mississippi, where it is the leadman's term to signify a depth of two fathoms of water. From Virginia City he went to San Francisco, and for five months was a reporter for the “Morning Call” newspaper. He then went to Calaveras county, and worked in the surface gold diggings for three months without result. Returning to San Francisco, he supported himself by newspaper work for several months. In 1866 he went to the Hawaiian Islands, remaining six months, and coming back with a high reputation, which he turned to account as a lecturer in San Francisco and through California and Nevada. He then went to the east and published “The Jumping Frog and other Sketches” (New York, 1867), which was republished in London. In the same year he embarked with a large party of travellers in the steamer

Quaker City on a pleasure excursion up the Mediterranean to Egypt and the Holy Land. Of this excursion he gave a humorous account in “The Innocents Abroad” (8vo, Hartford, 1869), of which 125,000 copies were sold in three years. He was for some time editor of a daily newspaper in Buffalo, but afterward resumed lecturing, and visited England in 1872 and 1873. His residence is at Hartford. In 1872 he published “Roughing It” (8vo, Hartford), which reached a sale of 91,000 copies in nine months. A London publisher has gathered all his sketches, many of which have not been collected in America (adding, however, many papers not written by Mark Twain), and has issued them in 4 vols. “Roughing It” and “The Innocents Abroad” have also been republished in London. Editions of all his works, in English and German, are now (1873) in course of publication in Leipsic.


text:
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Clemens, Samuel Langhorne

CLEMENS, SAMUEL LANGHORNE (best known by his pen name of Mark Twain), an American humorist; born in Florida, Mo., Nov. 30, 1835. He worked for some time as a compositor in Philadelphia and New York, and then in 1851 learned the business of pilot on the

Thence he went to the Nevada mines; became in 1862 local editor of a newspaper in Virginia City; went to San Francisco; was for some time a reporter; and worked in the Calaveras gold-diggings. In 1884, he founded the publishing firm of C. L. Webster & Co., which failed some years later, though it had published successful works, including General Grant's “Personal Recollections,” on which over $300,000 in royalties were

paid. After the failure Mr. Clemens made a lecturing tour of the world for the purpose of paying the firm's indebtedness, which he insisted on doing in full, though the creditors offered to settle for half of the amount. His works include: “The Jumping Frog,” “The Innocents Abroad,” “Roughing It,” “A Tramp Abroad,” “The Prince and the Pauper,” “Life on the Mississippi,” “The Gilded Age” (with Charles Dudley Warner), “Old Times on the Mississippi,” “Tom Sawyer,” “Huckleberry Finn,” “A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur's Court,” “Pudd'nhead Wilson,” “Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc,” “Following the Equator,” etc. He died April 21, 1910.


text:
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Knur and Spell

KNUR AND SPELL (called by Strutt “Northern Spell”), an old English game played with a ball, which is “risen” from a trap and hit with a bat made for the purpose. The ball, called the “knur,” is made of wood, a little bigger than a walnut. The bat, called a “tripstick,” as it is also used to spring the trap or “spell,” consists of a piece of hard wood, 6 by 4 inches, and 1 inch thick (the pommel), attached to a supple handle from 3 to 4 feet long, which the player grasps with both hands, giving the full swing of his body with the stroke. The game consists of the cumulative distance of a given number of strokes, the player who has the greatest number of yards being the winner.


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/9


text:
Page:The Mediaeval Mind Vol 1.djvu/178

156 realism. Nevertheless, within a fuller round of human trait, Eddic qualities endure. There is the same clear purpose and the strong resolve, and still the deed keeps pace with the intent. The best account of the Sagas, in English, is the Prolegomena to Vigfusson's edition of the Sturlunga Saga (Clarendon Press, 1878). Dasent's Introduction to his translation of the Njáls Saga (Edinburgh, 1861) is instructive as to the conditions of life in Iceland in the early times. W. P. Ker's Epic and Romance (Macmillan & Co., 1897) has elaborate literary criticism upon the Sagas. The following is Vigfusson's: "The Saga proper is a kind of prose Epic. It has its fixed laws, its set phrases, its regular epithets and terms of expression, and though there is, as in all high literary form, an endless diversity of interest and style, yet there are also bounds which are never over-stepped, confining the Saga as closely as the employment and restrictions of verse could do. It will be best to take as the type the smaller Icelandic Saga, from which indeed all the later forms of composition have sprung. This is, in its orginal form, the story of the life of an Icelandic gentleman, living some time in the tenth or eleventh centuries. It will tell first of his kin, going back to the settler from whom he sprung, then of his youth and early promise before he left his father's house to set forth on that foreign career which was the fitting education of the young Northern chief. These wanderjahre passed in trading voyages and pirate cruises, or in the service of one of the Scandinavian kings, as poet or henchman, the hero returns to Iceland a proved man, and the main part of the story thus preluded begins. It recounts in fuller detail and in order of time his friendships and his enmities, his exploits and renown, and finally his death; usually concluding with the revenge taken for him by his kinsmen, which fitly winds up the whole. This tale is told in an earnest, straightforward way, as by a man talking, in short simple sentences, changing when the interest grows into the historic present, with here and there an 'aside' of explanation put in.... The whole composition, grouped around a single man and a single place, is so well balanced and so naturally unfolded piece by piece, that the great art shown therein often at first escapes the reader."

The period which the Sagas would delineate commences when the Norse chiefs sail to Iceland with kith and kin and following to be rid of Harold Fairhair, and lasts for a century or more on through the time of King Olaf Tryggvason who, shield over head, sprang into the sea in the year 1000, and the life of that other Olaf, none too rightly called the Saint, who in 1030 perished in battle fighting against overwhelming odds. Following hard upon this heroic time comes the age of telling of it, telling of it at the mid-summer Althing, telling of it at Yuletide feasts, and otherwise through the long winter nights in Iceland. These tellings are the Sagas in process of creation; for a Saga is essentially a tale told by word of mouth to listeners. Thus pass another hundred years of careful telling, memorizing, and retelling of these tales, kept close to the old incidents and deeds, yet ever with a higher truth intruding. They are

title: Page:The Mediaeval Mind Vol 1.djvu/178


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/20


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/10


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/18


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/863


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/862


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/861


text:
Page:The Rainbow, Lawrence, 1921 reprint.djvu/116

102 Her cousin sat motionless. Somehow she was aware that his face was red. She could feel him. His hand, closed over the flower, remained quite still, pretending to be normal. Another wild struggle in Anna's breast, and the snirt of laughter. She bent forward shaking with laughter. It was now no joke. Fred was nudge-nudging at her. She nudged him back fiercely. Then another vicious spasm of laughter seized her. She tried to ward it off in a little cough. The cough ended in a suppressed whoop. She wanted to die. And the closed hand crept away to the pocket. Whilst she sat in taut suspense, the laughter rushed back at her, knowing he was fumbling in his pocket to shove the flower away.

In the end, she felt weak, exhausted and thoroughly depressed. A blankness of wincing depression came over her. She hated the presence of the other people. Her face became quite haughty. She was unaware of her cousin any more.

When the collection arrived with the last hymn, her cousin was again singing resoundingly. And still it amused her. In spite of the shameful exhibition she had made of herself, it amused her still. She listened to it in a spell of amusement. And the bag was thrust in front of her, and her sixpence was mingled in the folds of her glove. In her haste to get it out, it flipped away and went twinkling in the next pew. She stood and giggled. She could not help it: she laughed outright, a figure of shame.

"What were you laughing about, our Anna?" asked Fred, the moment they were out of the church.

"Oh, I couldn't help it," she said, in her careless, half-mocking fashion. "I don't know why Cousin Will's singing set me off."

"What was there in my singing to make you laugh?" he asked.

"It was so loud," she said.

They did not look at each other, but they both laughed again, both reddening.

"What were you snorting and laughing for, our Anna?" asked Tom, the elder brother, at the dinner table, his hazel eyes bright with joy. "Everybody stopped to look at you." Tom was in the choir.

She was aware of Will's eyes shining steadily upon her, waiting for her to speak.

"It was Cousin Will's singing," she said.

At which her cousin burst into a suppressed, chuckling


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/19


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/27


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/28


text:
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Knysna

KNYSNA, a forest tract and elephant preserve, extending from the sea to the Outeniqua Mountains in Cape Colony, 150 miles W. of Port Elizabeth.


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/11

volume consists of two parts which, though separate, are arranged for combined use.

The first is a Chronological Table of all the Statutes, shewing total or partial repeals thereof.

The second is an Index to enactments in force.

The preparation and publication of the work are conducted under the authority of Her Majesty's Government (having been originally undertaken some years ago in pursuance of a suggestion made by the present Lord Chancellor to Lord Chelmsford, then Lord Chancellor), and are placed under the direction of the Statute Law Committee, now consisting of Sir John G. Shaw Lefevre, K.G.B., Sir Thomas Erskine May, K.C.B., Sir Henry Thring, K.C.B., Sir Henry S. Maine, K.C.S.I., Mr. R. R. W. Lingen, C.B., Mr. F. S. Reilly, and Mr. R. O'Hara.

In this edition the Chronological Table is little altered, the Index is extensively improved.

The Chronological Table is based on the edition of the Record Commissioners, known as The Statutes of the Realm, as far as that edition extends, namely, to the end of the reign of Queen Anne. Thenceforth, Ruffhead's edition, by Serjeant Runnington, 1786, has been followed, as far as it extends, namely, to the end of the session of the twenty-fifth year of the reign of King George the Third. Thence downwards, it is believed, all editions are alike. The variances between the Statutes of the Realm and Ruffhead's edition are shewn in foot notes or in parentheses, and a complete table of those variances is prefixed.

The Chronological Table covers the whole period between the passing of the earliest Statute of the Parliament of England and the end of the latest Session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, namely, the session of 1877 (40 & 41 Vict.). Ante-Union Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland and Ireland are not comprised in the Table. Acts of the Parliament of England extended to Ireland by 10 Hen. 7. c. 22. (I.), Poynings Act, are, in relation to Ireland, treated as ante-Union Acts of the Parliament of Ireland.

The Chronological Table comprises all Acts printed in the Statutes of the Realm, and, after the end of that edition, all Acts classed by the King's or Queen's Printers as Public or as Public General. Many of these Acts, however,


text:
Page:The Mediaeval Mind Vol 1.djvu/179

CHAP. VIII becoming true to reality itself, in concrete types, and not simply narratives of facts actually occurring—if indeed facts ever occur in any such unequivocal singleness of actuality and with such compelling singleness of meaning, that one man shall not read them in one way and another otherwise. And the more imaginative reading may be the truer.

This century of Saga-growth in memory and word of mouth came to an end, and men began to write them down. For still another hundred years (beginning about 1140) this process lasted. In its nature it was something of a remodelling. As oral tales to be listened to, the Sagas had come to these scribe-authors, and as such the latter wrote them down, yet with such modification as would be involved in writing out for mind and eye and ear that which the ear had heard and the memory retained. In some instances the scribe-author set himself the more ambitious task of casting certain tales together in a single, yet composite story. Such is the Njála, greatest of all Sagas; it may have been written about the year 1220. The Story of Burnt Njal (Njáls Saga or Njála), trans, by Dasent (2 vols. Edinburgh, 1861). A prose narrative interspersed with occasional lyric verses is the form which the Icelandic Sagas have in common with the Irish. In view of the mutual intercourse and undoubted mingling of Norse and Celtic blood both in Ireland and Iceland, it is probable that the Norse Saga-form was taken from the Irish. But, except in the Laxdæla Saga (trans, by Mrs. Press in the Temple Classics, Dent, 1899), one seems to find no Celtic strain. The Sagas are the prose complement of the poetic Edda. Both are Norse absolutely: fruit of one spirit, part of one literature, a possession of one people. As to racial purity of blood in their authors and fashioners, or in the men of whom the tales are told, that is another matter. Who shall say that Celtic blood and inherited Celtic gifts of expression were not the leaven of this Norse literature? But whatever entered into it and helped to create it, became Norse just as vitally as, ages before, every foreign suggestion adopted by a certain gifted Mediterranean race was Hellenized, and became Greek. In Iceland, in the Orkneys and the Faroes, Viking conditions, the Viking spirit, and Norse blood, dominated, assimilating, transforming and doubtless using whatever talents and capacities came within the vortex of Viking life.

It may be added that there is merely an accidental likeness between the Saga and the Cantafable. In the Saga the verses are the utterances of the heroes when specially moved. One may make a verse as a short death-song when his death is imminent, or as a gibe on an enemy, whom he is about to attack. In the Cantafable—Aucassin and Nicolette, for example—the verses are a lyric summary of the parts of the narrative following them, and are not spoken by the dramatis personae. The Cantafable (but not the Sagas) perhaps may be traced back to such a work as Boethius's De consolatione, which at least is identical in form, or Capella's De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii. The De planctu naturae of Alanus de Insulis (post, Chapter XXXII. 1) plainly shows such antecedents.

As representative of the Norse personality, the Sagas,

title: Page:The Mediaeval Mind Vol 1.djvu/179


text:
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Koala

KOALA, the genus Phascolarctos, and specially P. cinereus, the native bear or native sloth of the Australian colonies. It is a tailless, but pouched animal, about two feet long, with a stout body and limbs, a small head, moderate-sized ears, well-developed feet, and ash-gray fur. It feeds on the tender shoots of the blue gum tree, which the natives climb to effect its capture.

title: Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Koala


text:
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Kobbe, Gustav

KOBBE, GUSTAV, an American author; born in New York, March 4, 1857; was graduated at Columbia University m 1877 and at its Law School in 1879; and later engaged in newspaper and magazine work. He is author of “The

Ring of the Nibelung” (1889); “Wagner's Life and Works” (1890); “My Rosary and Other Poems” (1896); “New York and Its Environs”; “Signora” (1906); “Wagner and His Isolde” (1905), “How to Appreciate Music” (1906); “Modern Women” (1916). He died in 1918.


text:
Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Kobe

KOBE, a port of Central Japan; on the W. shore of the Gulf of Ozaka, about 20 miles S. of that city. Pop. about 500,000. The foreign settlement is finely laid out, and the town is one of the most attractive and prosperous in Japan. It has been open to foreign trade since 1868. Kobe has direct communication with Great Britain, Germany, Canada, and Australia.

title: Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Kobe


text: Southern Historical Society Papers/Volume 22


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Forlimpopoli


text:
Page:Merry Muses of Caledonia.djvu/119

(　113　)

title: Page:Merry Muses of Caledonia.djvu/119


text:
Page:The Mediaeval Mind Vol 1.djvu/180

158 like all national literature, bear a twofold testimony: that of their own literary qualities, and that of the characters which they portray. In the first place, a Saga is absolute narrative: it relates deeds, incidents, and sayings, in the manner and order in which they would strike the eye and ear of the listener, did the matter pass before him. The narrator offers no analysis of motives; he inserts no reflections upon characters and situations. He does not even relate the incidents from the vantage-ground of a full knowledge of them, but from the point of view of each instant's impression upon the participants or onlookers. The result is an objective and vivid presentation of the story. Next, the Sagas are economical of incident as well as language. That incident is told which the story needs for the presentation of the hero's career; those circumstances are given which the incident needs in order that its significance may be perceived; such sayings of the actors are related as reveal most in fewest words. There is nothing more extraordinary in these stories than the significance of the small incident, and the extent of revelation carried by a terse remark.

For example, in the Gisli Saga, Gisli has gone out in the winter night to the house of his brother Thorkel, with whom he is on good terms, and there has slain Thorkel's wife's brother in his bed. In the darkness and confusion he escapes unrecognized, gets back to his own house and into bed, where he lies as if asleep. At daybreak the dead man's friends come packing to Gisli's farm:

"Now they come to the farm, Thorkel and Eyjolf, and go up to the shut-bed where Gisli and his wife slept; but Thorkel, Gisli's brother, stepped up first on to the floor, and stands at the side of the bed, and sees Gisli's shoes lying all frozen and snowy. He kicked them under the foot-board, so that no other man should see them."

This little incident of the shoes not only shows how near was Gisli to detection and death, but also discloses the way in which Thorkel meant to act and did act toward his brother: to wit, shield him so long as it might be done without exposing himself.

title: Page:The Mediaeval Mind Vol 1.djvu/180


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/21

Temp. incert. Articles against the King's Prohibitions.
 * 20 Hen. 3. Stat. Hib. de Coher.
 * 14 Hen 3
 * 37 Hen 3
 * 38 Hen 3
 * 40 Hen 3
 * 21 Hen 3
 * 43 Hen 3
 * Not Printed.
 * 51 & 52 Hen 3. Dict. De Kenilw.
 * 51 Hen 3. (App.)
 * 4 Ed 1 Stat. Rageman
 * Temp. incert. Stat. de Ragman.
 * 7 Ed. 1. Stat. de Viris Relig.
 * 7 Ed. 1. St. 2.
 * 12 Ed. 1. Stat. Rothlan.
 * 10 Ed. 1.
 * 13 Ed 1. Stat. Circ. Agatis.
 * 13 Ed 1. St.4
 * 7 Ed. 1. Stat. de Viris Relig.
 * 7 Ed. 1. St. 2.
 * 12 Ed. 1. Stat. Rothlan.
 * 10 Ed. 1.
 * 13 Ed 1. Stat. Circ. Agatis.
 * 13 Ed 1. St.4
 * 13 Ed 1. Stat. Circ. Agatis.
 * 13 Ed 1. St.4
 * 13 Ed 1. St.4
 * 18 Ed. 1. Stat d'ni. R. de t'ris, &c.
 * 18 Ed. 1. St. 1. Quia emptores terr.
 * 18 Ed. 1. Stat. de Consult.
 * 24 Ed. 1.
 * 20 Ed. 1. De Brevi de Inquis., &c.
 * Temp. incert. Stat de brevi de inquis., &c.
 * 20 Ed. 1. De Inquis. non alloc., &c.
 * 34 Ed. 1. St. 3
 * 21 Ed. 1. Stat. de Justic. Assig.
 * Temp. incert. Stat de Justic. Assig.
 * 23 Ed. 1. Stat. de Frang. Pris.
 * 1 Ed. 2. St. 2.
 * 25 Ed. 1. Magna Carta
 * 9 Hen. 3.
 * 25 Ed. 1. Carta de Foresta
 * 9 Hen. 3.
 * 25 Ed. 1. Confirmatio Cartarum.
 * 25 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * 25 Ed. 1. Pardon to H. de Bokun and others.
 * Not printed
 * 25 Ed. 1. Stat. de Tallag.
 * 34 Ed. 1. St. 4.
 * 25 Ed. 1. Sent. lata.
 * 25 Ed. 1. St. 2.
 * 33 Ed. 1. Ordin de Consp.
 * 33 Ed. 1. St. 2.
 * 35 Ed. 1.
 * 35 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * 2 Ed. 2.
 * Not printed.
 * 3 Ed. 2.
 * 2 Ed. 2.
 * 5 Ed. 2.
 * Not printed.
 * 7 Ed. 2. Stat. sup. Aport. Arm.
 * 7 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * 33 Ed. 1. Ordin de Consp.
 * 33 Ed. 1. St. 2.
 * 35 Ed. 1.
 * 35 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * 2 Ed. 2.
 * Not printed.
 * 3 Ed. 2.
 * 2 Ed. 2.
 * 5 Ed. 2.
 * Not printed.
 * 7 Ed. 2. Stat. sup. Aport. Arm.
 * 7 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * 5 Ed. 2.
 * Not printed.
 * 7 Ed. 2. Stat. sup. Aport. Arm.
 * 7 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * 7 Ed. 2. Stat. sup. Aport. Arm.
 * 7 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * }

 * 9 Hen. 3. Magna Charta.
 * 25 Ed. 1.
 * 9 Hen. 3. Carta Forestæ.
 * 25 Ed. 1.
 * 14 Hen. 3.
 * 20 Hen. 3. Sta. Hib. de Coher.
 * 21 Hen. 3.
 * 40 Hen. 3.
 * 38 Hen. 3.
 * 37 Hen. 3.
 * 51 Hen. 3. St. 1.
 * Temp. incert. Assisa Panis et Cervisie.
 * 51 Hen. 3. St. 2.
 * Temp. incert. Dies Communes de Banco.
 * 51 Hen. 3. St. 3.
 * Temp. incert. Dies Communes de Dote.
 * 51 Hen. 3. St. 4.
 * Temp. incert. The part of Les Estatuz del Eschekere bet$n$ cc. 13 & 14; viz., distr' sc' cii.
 * 51 Hen. 3. St. 5.
 * Temp. incert. Les Estatuz del Eschekere, except the part above mentioned.
 * c. 1.
 * cc. 1, 2.
 * c. 2.
 * c. 3.
 * c. 3.
 * cc. 4, 5.
 * c. 4.
 * c. 6.
 * c. 5.
 * cc. 7–9.
 * c. 6.
 * c. 10.
 * c. 7.
 * cc. 11–13, & part of c. 14.
 * c. 8.
 * c. 14, residue, & c. 15.
 * c. 9.
 * cc. 16–18.
 * c. 10.
 * c. 19.
 * 51 Hen. 3. St. 6.
 * Temp. incert. Judic. Pillorie.
 * 51 Hen. 3. (App.)
 * 51 & 52 Hen. 3. Dict. de Kenilw.
 * 4 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * Temp. incert. Extenta Manerii.
 * 6 Ed. 1. A Statute of Quo Warranto
 * Not printed; see note, p. 45, vol. 1.
 * 7 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * 7 Ed. 2. Stat. sup. Aport. Arm.
 * cc. 11–13, & part of c. 14.
 * c. 8.
 * c. 14, residue, & c. 15.
 * c. 9.
 * cc. 16–18.
 * c. 10.
 * c. 19.
 * 51 Hen. 3. St. 6.
 * Temp. incert. Judic. Pillorie.
 * 51 Hen. 3. (App.)
 * 51 & 52 Hen. 3. Dict. de Kenilw.
 * 4 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * Temp. incert. Extenta Manerii.
 * 6 Ed. 1. A Statute of Quo Warranto
 * Not printed; see note, p. 45, vol. 1.
 * 7 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * 7 Ed. 2. Stat. sup. Aport. Arm.
 * 4 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * Temp. incert. Extenta Manerii.
 * 6 Ed. 1. A Statute of Quo Warranto
 * Not printed; see note, p. 45, vol. 1.
 * 7 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * 7 Ed. 2. Stat. sup. Aport. Arm.
 * 7 Ed. 1. St. 1.
 * 7 Ed. 2. Stat. sup. Aport. Arm.
 * }


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/12

 cannot be regarded as public Acts, affecting the community generally, being in their nature special or private Acts, relating to particular persons or places, or to private concerns. Acts of this kind are distinguished by the italic entries Local, Personal, Private in the second column of the Table (except in a few cases in which they are shewn to be not in force); and, as a general rule, the Table does not shew repeals affecting these Acts.

The second column of the Chronological Table gives, as regards all Acts of a public nature, wholly or partly in force, the heads in the Index under which they are to be found.

With respect to entries in the third column of the Chronological Table, the following has been the ordinary practice:

(1.) In a few instances, Acts have been repealed in part after having been wholly repealed; — in such cases the later partial repeal is disregarded.

(2.) In other instances, Acts have been repealed more than once; — in such cases a discretion has been exercised as to which repealing Act should be entered, and in some cases more than one are entered.

(3.) Where a repeal has been made nugatory by an express or implied revival, the repeal is generally disregarded.

(4.) Where a temporary Act has been repealed by an Act also temporary, but lasting longer than the original Act would have lasted if not repealed, the repeal is treated as effectual.

(5.) Where an Act has been partially repealed, and afterwards wholly repealed, the total repeal only is entered, except in the case of a partial repeal more extensive territorially than the total repeal.

(6.) In like manner partial repeals, covered by later partial repeals, are frequently omitted.

(7.) The partial determination, otherwise than by express repeal, of an Act which has not wholly ceased to be in force, is not generally noticed.

As regards repeals, total or partial, of Acts extended to Ireland by Poynings Act, the practice has been as follows:

(1.) Where the repeal is in terms limited territorially, so as not to apply to Ireland, the limitation is noticed.

(2.) Where the repeal is not in terms limited territorially, it is entered as unrestricted (even though the repealing Act is an Act of the Parliament of England or of Great Britain, therefore presumably not applying to Ireland).

(3.) Where a partial repeal by an Act of the Parliament of England or of Great Britain, not in terms limited territorially, has been followed by a total repeal as to England only, the partial repeal as well as the total repeal has been entered, though the partial repeal may not in fact extend to Ireland.

Some Acts passed after Poynings Act by the Parliament of England or of Great Britain purport to extend beyond England or Great Britain; repeals of these Acts effected by The Statute Law Revision Act, 1863, (ending with


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/17

 the same abbreviation used thus—"Acting of plays, &c.,"—indicates matter of the same or a like kind as the matter specified.

The Index is followed by a series of Appendices containing references to various kinds of Acts which have been classed and printed among the Public or Public General Acts, but the contents of which, for various reasons (such as will ordinarily be obvious), it has not been considered desirable to examine and index in detail. Some of these Acts may not be in force. The contents of some of the Appendices given in the former editions have in this edition been transferred by the Editor to the body of the work.

The Statute Law Committee are desirous of receiving suggestions for the improvement of this work. Communications may be addressed to their Secretary, Mr. H. C. Malkin, at the House of Lords.

The Committee hope to be able for the future to issue a new edition of this work annually.

 * January 1878.


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/26

8
 * 10 Ann. (cont.)||10 Ann. (cont.)
 * cc. 34–41.
 * cc. 27–34.
 * cc. 42–45.
 * cc. 9, 11, 10, 12. Pr.
 * 12 Ann.
 * 12 Ann. St. 1.
 * c. 12.
 * c. 16.
 * cc. 13–16.
 * cc. 12–15.
 * c. 19.
 * c. 1. Pr.
 * 13 Ann.
 * 12 Ann. St. 2.
 * c. 2.
 * c. 3.
 * c. 3.
 * c. 2.
 * cc. 9–15.
 * cc. 10–16.
 * cc. 16, 17.
 * cc. 1, 2. Pr.
 * c. 18.
 * c. 9.
 * c. 19
 * c. 7. Pr.
 * cc. 20–26.
 * cc. 17–23.
 * cc. 27–33.
 * cc. 3, 4, 6, 10, 14–16. Pr.
 * }
 * cc. 16, 17.
 * cc. 1, 2. Pr.
 * c. 18.
 * c. 9.
 * c. 19
 * c. 7. Pr.
 * cc. 20–26.
 * cc. 17–23.
 * cc. 27–33.
 * cc. 3, 4, 6, 10, 14–16. Pr.
 * }
 * cc. 17–23.
 * cc. 27–33.
 * cc. 3, 4, 6, 10, 14–16. Pr.
 * }
 * }


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/839

Rh

1. Canals.

2. Charity Schemes (Confirmation).

3. Cornwall Duchy.

4. Crown Lands :

(1.) Exchanges, &c.

(2.) Lancaster Duchy.

(3.) Forfeited Estates.

(4.) Forests.

(5.) Greenwich Hospital.

5. Fortifications.

6. Harbours :

(1.) Local Acts.

(2.) Provisional Orders Confirmation.

7. Highways (Local).

8. Inclosures (pursuant to Reports of Commissioners).

9. Land Drainage (Provisional Orders Confirmation).

10. Local Government (Provisional Orders Confirmation).

11. Marriages Confirmation.

12. Metropolis (Improvements, &c.).

13. Oyster Fishery (Provisional Order Confirmation).

14. Pilotage (Provisional Orders Confirmation).

15. Police and Improvement, Scotland.

16. Public Buildings.

17. Turnpike Trusts Arrangements.

3 F 2


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/840

822

21 Ja. 1. c. 29.

1 Cha. 1. c. 2.

13 Cha. 2. Stat. 2. c. 4.

22 Cha. 2. c. 6.

22 Cha. 2. c. 7.

22 & 23 Cha. 2. c. 24.

25 Cha. 2. c. 3.

1 Ja. 2. c. 9.

5 & 6 Will. & Mar. c. 18.

6 Ann. c. 52.

13 Ann. c. 25.

1 Geo. 1. Stat. 2. c. 37.

24 Geo. 2. c. 50.

33 Geo. 2. c. 10.

1 Geo. 3. c. 11.

8 Geo. 3. c. 26.

16 Geo. 3. c. 10.

33 Geo. 3. c. 78.

50 Geo. 3. c. 6.

52 Geo. 3. c. 123.

57 Geo. 3. c. 129.

5 Geo. 4. c. 78. s. 8.

1 & 2 Vict. c. 101.

7 & 8 Vict. c. 65.

7 & 8 Vict. c. 105. (Enfranchisement).

11 & 12 Vict. c. 83. (Enfranchisement).

21 & 22 Vict. c. 109. (Mines).

23 & 24 Vict. c. 53.

24 & 26 Vict. c. 49.

26 & 27 Vict. c. 49. (Sale, &c.)

31 & 32 Vict. c. 35. (Sale, &c.)

17 Edw. 2. Stat. 2..

34 Edw. 3. c. 15.

4 Hen. 7- c. 14.

32 Hen. 8. c. 24. (Hospitallers).

34 & 35 Hen. 8. c. 21.

37 Hen. 8. c. 18.

1 Edw. 6. c. 8.

1 Edw. 6. c. 3. (notwithstanding misnaming, &c.)

4 & 5 Ph. & Mar. c. 1.

35 Eliz. c. 3.

7 Ja. 1. c. 21.

1 Geo. 1. Stat. 2. c. 37. (Principality of Wales and Chester).

8 Geo. 1. c. 31. (Barking Parish).

6 Geo. 3. c. 33. (Perthshire Exchange;.

10 Geo. 3. c. 13. (Cosham Manor).

12 Geo. 3. c. 35. (Richmond).

12 Geo. 3. c. 59.

12 Geo. 3. c. 42. (Savoy).

12 Geo. 3. c. 43. (Ely House).

12 Geo. 3. c. 44. (Buckingham House in lieu of Somerset House).

15 Geo. 3. c. 33.

17 Geo. 3. c. 17. (Enfield Chase, &c.)

25 Geo. 3. c. 98. (exchange with Duchy of Northumberland).

30 Geo. 3. c. 51.

32 Geo. 3. c. 24.

35 Geo. 3. c. 40.

36 Geo. 3. cc. 62-64,

42 Geo. 3. c. 32. (Lairy Embankment).

44 Geo. 3. c. 25.

45 Geo. 3. c. 116.

46 Geo. 3. c. 86. (Norwich Gaol).


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/841

Rh

47 Geo. 3. sess. 2. c. 77. (Parish of Egham).

47 Geo. 3. sess. 2. c. 78. (Lord Powerscourt's mansion, Dublin).

56 Geo. 3. c. 116. (Claremont).

57 Geo. 3. c. 98. (Marylebone Rectory and Parish).

58 Geo. 3. c. 42. (Great Yarmouth sale).

4 Geo. 4. c. 75. (Kew Green).

5 Geo. 4. c. 5. (Land formerly occupied by Post Office).

5 Geo. 4. c. 52. (Hull Docks).

7 Geo. 4. c. 77. (Carlton Gardens).

7 Geo. 4. & 1 Will. 4. c. 59.

1 & 2 Will. 4. c. 50.

6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 49. (Rolls estate).

7 Will. 4. & 1 Vict. c. 46. (do.)

7 Will. 4. & 1 Vict. c. 15. (Manor of Newark).

2 & 3 Vict. c. 20. (Windsor Castle).

11 & 12 Vict. c. 53. do.

25 & 26 Vict. c. 57. do.

30 & 31 Vict. c. 109. do.

4 & 5 Vict. c. 16. (Dublin property).

5 & 6 Vict. c. 62. (Dublin property).

5 & 6 Vict. c. 27. (York House).

5 Vict. c. 1. (Kensington).

5 Vict. c. 2. (Frogmore).

5 & 6 Vict. c. 19. (Hyde Park).

5 & 6 Vict. c. 78. (Exchange with Provost of Eton).

6 & 7 Vict. c. 19. (Westminster property. - Thatched House, &c.)

6 & 7 Vict. c. 64. (Holyrood Park).

8 & 9 Vict. c. 99. ss. 10-13. (Millbank property, Grapes Tavern, Kensington).

8 & 9 Vict. c. 104. (Westminster property.— Thatched House, &c.)

11 & 12 Vict. c. 57. (Exchange of Advowsons).

11 & 12 Vict. c. 61. (Benefices in Diocese of Norwich).

12 & 13 Vict. c. 102. (Brighton PavUion).

13 & 14 Vict. c. 78. (Marlborough House).

17 & 18 Vict. c. 70. (Portland, Oxford, and Weibeck Chapels).

22 Vict. c. 9. (Exchange of Advowsons).

24 & 25 Vict. c. 88. (St. James's Park, site for public offices).

25 & 26 Vict. c. 74. do.

25 & 26 Vict. c. 93. ss. 71-80. (Thames Embankment).

27 & 28 Vict. c. 60. (Lease to College of Physicians).

29 & 30 Vict. c. 62. (St Jame's Park, Claremont, &c.)

34 & 35 Vict. c. 23. (Rectory of Ewelme).

36 & 37 Vict. c. 4. (Somerset House, King's College lease).

36 & 37 Vict. c. 36.

27 Hen. 8. c. 11.

7 Edw. 6. c. 3.

22 Cha. 2. c. 6.

22 & 23 Cha. 2. c. 24.

12 Geo. 3. c. 32.

36 Geo. 3. c. 97.

48 Geo. 3. c. 73.

52 Geo. 3. c. 161.

1 & 2 Geo. 4. c. 52. ss. 12, 13.

1 & 2 Vict. c. 101.

18 & 19 Vict. c. 58.

25 & 26 Vict. c. 93. ss. 81, 82. (Thames Embankment).

34 & 35 Vict. c. 57. s. 6.


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/842

824

11 Will. 3. c. 2.

1 Ann. c. 25. (Ireland).

1 Ann. Stat. 2. c. 18. (Ireland).

6 Ann. c. 25. (Ireland).

1 Geo. 1. Stat. 2. c. 50.

3 Geo. 1. c. 20.

4 Geo. 1. c. 8.

5 Geo. 1. c. 22.

6 Geo. 1. c. 24.

7 Geo. 1. Stat. 1. c. 22.

9 Geo. 1. c. 19.

13 Geo. 1. c. 28.

1 Geo. 2. Stat. 2. c. 21.

2 Geo. 2. c. 33.

8 Geo. 2. c. 29.

11 Geo. 2. c. 30.

18 Geo. 2. c. 37.

20 Geo. 2. c. 41.

22 Geo. 2. c. 52.

25 Geo. 2. c. 41.

31 Geo. 2. c. 16.

2 Geo. 3. c. 17.

11 Geo. 3. c. 56. (Ireland).

14 Geo. 3. c. 22.

24 Geo. 3. sess. 2. c. 57.

33 Geo. 3. c. 46. (Ireland).

34 Geo. 3. c. 101.

35 Geo. 3. c. 69.

39 & 40 Geo. 3. c. 78.

55 Geo. 3. c. 188.

59 Geo. 3. c. 137. (Worcester parishes).

As to regrant of escheated, &c estates, see

.

8 Geo. 2. c. 29.

11 Geo. 2. c. 30.

22 Geo. 2. c. 52.

18 Geo. 3. c. 29.

8 & 9 Vict. c. 22.

12 & 13 Vict. c. 28. (Markets.)

13 & 14 Vict. c. 24.

7 Ann. c. 26. (Portsmouth).

8 Ann. c. 23. (Portsmouth).

9 Geo. 1. c. 32. (Portsmouth).

31 Geo. 2. c. 38. (Milford).

32 Geo. 2. c. 39. (Plymouth, Portsmouth).

32 Geo. 2. c. 26. (Milford).

32 Geo. 2. c. 30. (Plymouth, Portsmouth).

33 Geo. 2. c. 11. (Purfleet, Plymouth, &c.)

2 Geo. 3. c. 37. (Hants, Kent, and Sussex).

4 Geo. 3. c. 35. (Hants, Kent, and Sussex).

14 Geo. 3. c. 50. (Plymouth).

20 Geo. 3. c. 38.

21 Geo. 3. c. 49.

21 Geo. 3. c. 10.

21 Geo. 3. c. 46.

21 Geo. 3. c. 61.

22 Geo. 3. c. 12.

22 Geo. 3. c. 80.

23 Geo. 3. c. 71.

23 Geo. 3. c. 87.

24 Geo. 3. sess. 2. c. 29.

26 Geo. 3. c. 94.

34 Geo. 3. c. 76.

38 Geo. 3. c. 34. (Kent and Devon batteries).

42 Geo. 3. c. 89. (Woolwich).

43 Geo. 3. c. 35. (Woolwich).

43 Geo. 3. c. 65. (Charlton).

43 Geo. 3. c. 66. (Weedon).

44 Geo. 3. c. 79. (Chatham).

46 Geo. 3. c. 105. (Portsmouth, Dover).

47 Geo. 3. sess. 2. c. 70. (Military Canal).

48 Geo. 3. c. 101. (Chatham).

49 Geo. 3. c. 39. (Portsmouth, Dover).

49 Geo. 3. c. 97. (Purfleet).

52 Geo. 3. c. 124. (Sandhurst).

54 Geo. 3. c. 43. (Portsmouth).

56 Geo. 3. c. 74. (Sheerness, Chatham).

1 & 2 Geo. 4. c. 107. (Sheerness, Chatham).

5 Geo. 4. c. 49. (Plymouth).

6 Geo. 4. c. 36. (Pembroke dockyard).

3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 65. (Woolwich).


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/360


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/361


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/362


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/363

 A

 * None, of action, indictment, &c. by demise of Crown, new commission of assize, &c.
 * 11 Hen. 6. c. 6.
 * 1 Edw. 6. c. 7.
 * 1 Ann. c. 2.
 * Of action by death of plaintiff or co-plaintiff
 * 8 & 9 Will. 3. c. 11. ss. 6, 7.
 * Of action by death of either party between verdict and judgment
 * 17 Cha. 2. c. 8.
 * Of action by death, bankruptcy, or marriage
 * 15 & 16 Vict. c. 76. s. 135, &c.
 * 17 & 18 Vict. c. 125. s. 92.
 * Of Chancery suit by death, marriage, &c.
 * 15 & 16 Vict. c. 86. s. 52.
 * None, of action in High Court of Justice, on marriage, death, or bankruptcy, if cause of action continues
 * 38 & 39 Vict. c. 77. s. 16. sen. 1. ord. L.
 * See also
 * See also

 * Revivor of action on
 * 16 & 17 Vict. c. 113.
 * 19 & 20 Vict. c. 102.
 * Pleas in
 * 3 & 4 Vict. c. 105.
 * 16 & 17 Vict. c. 113.
 * 16 & 17 Vict. c. 113.

 * Burial in.
 * See.
 * See ;.
 * See ;.
 * See ;.

 * See ; ;.
 * See ; ;.

 * See (Constituencies (b)); . (Sectors, Section);.
 * See (Constituencies (b)); . (Sectors, Section);.

 * See ; ;.
 * See ; ;.

 * See.
 * See.

 * Administering drugs to cause
 * (E. I.) 24 & 25 Vict. c. 100. ss. 58, 59.
 * (E. I.) 24 & 25 Vict. c. 100. ss. 58, 59.

 * Effect of, as regards Statutes of Limitation.
 * See ;
 * See ;

 * See ; ; ;.
 * See ; ; ;.

 * See ; ; ; ; ;.
 * See ; ; ; ; ;.

 * See .; ;.
 * See .; ;.

 * Compelling bailiffs, &c. to render
 * 52 Hen. 3. c. 23
 * Compelling executors of guardians, joint tenants, &c.
 * 4 & 5 Ann c. 3.
 * Limitation of time for action of.
 * See ;
 * See also ; ; ; ; ; ; ;.
 * See also ; ; ; ; ; ; ;.

 * See ;
 * See ;

 * Restraint on, of rents and income
 * (E.) 39 & 40 Geo. 3. c. 98.
 * (E.) 39 & 40 Geo. 3. c. 98.

 * Restraint on, of rents of heritable property
 * 11 & 12 Vict. c. 36. s. 41.
 * 11 & 12 Vict. c. 36. s. 41.

 * Effect and requisites of, as regards Statutes of Limitation.
 * See ;
 * See ;


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/13

 the reign of King James the Second) are entered as unrestricted, though the repealing Act is in terms limited to England; repeals of these Acts effected by Acts other than The Statute Law Revision Act, 1863, which repeals are in terms limited territorially, have been dealt with thus:

(1.) The territorial limitation of the repeal is noticed, in case the Act repealed had a more extensive operation territorially than the repeal.

(2.) In other cases the repeal is entered as unrestricted.

The foregoing explanations relative to the Chronological Table, as regards editions and classes of Acts, apply to the Index also.

In contemplation of such an improvement of the Index as is begun in this edition, the Statute Law Committee adopted a paper of instructions, prepared by Sir Henry Thring, the nature and purport of which appear from the following extracts:

Two great groups, (1) the law, and (2) the administration of the law, will now have been arrived at. Let us take these groups, and see what further general rules can be applied.

A little examination will show that the enactments divide themselves into ordinary and supplemental provisions. The ordinary provisions are such enactments as are in all cases required to carry into effect the material objects of the Act. Supplemental provisions are


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/14

 framed with a view to supply vacancies in offices, defects in procedure, or to declare in detail the mode of carrying into effect legislative acts, the principles of which have been previously laid down.

The arrangement of the ordinary and supplemental provisions, where it is necessary to index them separately, should be as follows: The ordinary should precede the supplemental, but they should not be arranged in separate parts, as is usually done in Acts of Parliament, for it will be better in an index that the supplemental provisions applicable to a particular matter should immediately follow the ordinary provisions relating to the same matter.

A point has now been arrived at at which a pause may be made for the purpose of observing the effect of the preceding operations. The framework of the title has been settled to a considerable degree, the arrangement being as follows:—
 * (1.) Law;
 * (2.) Administration;
 * (3.) Exceptional provisions;
 * (4.) Temporary provisions, savings, and repeals.

The index-maker must now turn his attention to selecting the headings and sub-headings, and to grouping the references under those headings and sub-headings.

Looking, with a view to sub-division, at the large group of enactments that, in the Public Health Act, will range themselves under law and administration, it will be found that they are capable of division into simple enactments and complex enactments.

A simple enactment is one in which the principle is contained in one section. A complex enactment consists of two classes of enactments, principal enactments, and subordinate enactments, of which the principal enactments are occupied in enunciating the law, the subordinate enactments in declaring the procedure by which the law is to be carried into effect.

In indexing, the subordinate enactments will not usually require to be noticed separately, but, of course, where they are so noticed they will follow the principal enactment.

On the question of headings and sub-headings a very wide discretion must be left to the index-maker. As a general rule the headings should be but few, and should be very comprehensive, it being borne in mind that nothing is so likely to confuse an inquirer as to find a reference under a heading to which it does not belong, while even if the heading be too comprehensive the only result is that a little more trouble is given the inquirer in finding the reference which he seeks.

The same observations apply to the sub-headings, but with less force. The sub-headings, where used, should indicate the important divisions in the subject-matter of the heading under which they are found.

The references will in general consist of short notices of the various principal enactments, they will be arranged in the natural order of sequence where such order is apparent, and in other cases according to the order of time or of importance, or in such other method as the index-maker may think most appropriate.

These references will, in a complex subject, be grouped under separate headings and sub-headings, while in a simple subject such a division will frequently be unnecessary.

With respect to the number and particularity of the references no general rule can be laid down. The difficulty in framing references consists in finding generic expressions capable of including a sufficient number of enactments without being too vague. The index-maker must judge for himself how far he must guide the inquirer to a particular enactment by a special reference, having regard to the necessity of keeping his title within moderate compass, and in some degree to the question whether the subject-matter with which he is dealing is or is not of such general interest as to require a greater or less degree of minuteness in indexing.

A summary of the foregoing rules, with a few additional observations, may be given as follows:—

 * 1) Title.
 * (a.) An effective title must generally (subject to the rule of preferring the popular title) begin with a noun substantive; cross titles will begin with a noun substantive or not, according to circumstances.
 * 1) Enumeration of Statutes.
 * (b.) If the Statutes are numerous they will be arranged in a double column; see Coroner.


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/15

 1. Enactments relating to Law.
 * (c) These enactments will be grouped, as a general rule, under headings and sub-headings. Principal enactments only, except in special cases, will be noticed separately, and several principal enactments, whenever the index-maker thinks it advisable, may be collected in one reference.
 * Ordinary enactments will precede supplemental enactments.
 * References will, as between themselves, be arranged in the natural order of sequence, where such order is apparent, and in other cases according to the order of time or of importance, or in such other method as the index-maker may think most appropriate.

2. Enactments relating to Administration of Law.
 * (d.) The directions in (c.) apply here also.
 * With respect to the interior arrangement, so to speak, of the group, the simpler or lower authority will precede the higher or more complex authority; in the Public Health Act, for example, Sanitary Authority will precede the Local Government Board; in legal proceedings, the Court of First Instance comes before the Court of Appeal, and so forth.

3. Local, special, or exceptional provisions.
 * (e.) The above expression, or some part of it, will usually form a heading in the index of a complex subject-matter. The references will be arranged according to (c.)

4. Temporary provisions; Repeals; Savings. With respect to the composition of the index, references should whenever practicable be expressed by substantives or participles used as substantives.
 * (f.) Usually the above-mentioned provisions will not require to be indexed: when they do so require, one or more of the above expressions will form the heading.

The above rules can only be considered as general instructions, admitting of many exceptions. It must, however, not be forgotten that uniformity in the framework of an index is of great importance, as it enables the inquirer to look at once for the proper heading under which he will probably find the information of which he is in search.

An Appendix is subjoined of rules which it has been thought better to group together in an Appendix, instead of embodying them in the instructions.

E. E. S. E. I. but E. is not to be put on Acts passed before the union of E. and S.
 * 1) The present Parts for Scotland and Ireland and Colonies are to be combined with the general Part.
 * 2) Where the subject comprises a separate series of enactments for S. or I. only, the entries are to be subjoined separately to the general entries or main part.
 * 3) Entries, when extending to E. and S. and I, are not to be marked U.K. (as they are in the House of Lords Index), but to be left without any distinguishing mark.
 * 4) Entries in the main part are to be marked according to the fact, thus—
 * 1) Where a series of enactments (as those relating to Reformatory and Industrial Schools) extend some to S. only, some to S. or I. only, some to E. and S. or I., the index-maker is to determine, according to circumstances, whether the entries of those extending to S. or I. only  are to be in the subjoined part for S. or I. only, or are to be in the main part.
 * 2) The beat way of dealing with such cases as Cinque Ports, Langbaurgh, and so forth, under, is to make a separate sub-head.  and  (see ), and group there all exceptional cases, with short explanatory entries.
 * 3) What is wanted is not an index of words, but an index of things; and, therefore, there is no need to give a reference to every enactment in which a particular officer (Sheriff, for instance) may happen to be mentioned, unless some function requiring to be indexed is attached to him
 * 4) When the same enactment occurs in several Statutes they should all be mentioned, and not only the most recent.
 * 5) When the information is contained in the Schedule to an Act, the reference should be to the Schedule, and also to the section which gives effect to the Schedule.


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/16

 1. Notice of partial repeals, where important, should be taken in the Index by entering a reference to the repealing Act without further comment. This rule does not extend to entering repeals made by the Statute Law Revision Acts.

2. Wherever practicable, the operation of successive Acts in relation to the same subject-matter should be stated; for example, 13 & 14 Vict. c. 37. extends the Juvenile Offenders Acts (10 & 11 Vict. c. 82.) to offenders of 16 years of age; such an extension should be set out in the Index.

3. Wherever practicable, the particular sections of an Act, the effect of which is stated in the reference, should be set out, instead of a reference being made to the whole Act.

In pursuance of these instructions, the Index has been re-arranged and in various parts improved by Mr. W. L. Selfe, of the Chancery Bar, as Editor of this edition, and the portions under the following headings have been recast by the several gentlemen at the Bar named opposite the headings.

In the Index the abbreviation "&c." used thus—"s. 10., &c."—indicates that sect. 10. of the Act referred to is the principal or first section relating to the subject specified, and that other sections of the Act relate to the same subject;


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/864


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/865


text: Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/866


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/859

Rh


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/843

Rh

7 Will. 4. & 1 Vict. c. 20. (Military Canal).

17 & 18 Vict. c. 15. (Devonport).

19 & 20 Vict. c. 66. (Aldershot roads).

20 & 21 Vict. c. 30. (Chatham, Medway).

23 & 24 Vict.c.49.(Portsmouth,right of way).

24 & 25 Vict. c. 13. (East Stonehouse).

24 & 25 Vict. c. 41. (Chatham, Medway).

25 & 26 Vict. c. 16. (Netley Hospital, right of way).

25 & 26 Vict. c. 33. (Sandhurst).

25 & 26 Vict. c. 34. (Portsdown).

25 & 26 Vict. c. 36. (Shoeburyness range).

26 & 27 Vict. c. 54. (Walmer).

27 & 28 Vict. c. 103. (Portsmouth).

30 & 31 Vict. c. 140. (Milltary Canal, sale of).

35 & 36 Vict. c. 66. (Milltary Canal, sale of).

31 & 32 Vict. c. 60. (Curragh of Kildare).

33 & 34 Vict. c. 74. (Curragh of Kildare).

For Arsenals and Dockyards, Dover and Portland Harbours, and Central Arsenal, see
 * and.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bond, Martin


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bond, Oliver


text:
Page:Southern Life in Southern Literature.djvu/342

[Joel Chandler Harris was born in Eatonton, Georgia, in 1848. He left school at the age of twelve to go to the farm of a Mr. Turner, nine miles from Eatonton, to learn the printer's trade in connection with the publication of a newspaper. Most of his training for his future work was obtained from the books of Mr. Turner's library and from the negroes on the plantation, from whom he stored his mind with their folk lore. In 1876 Harris became a member of the editorial staff of the Atlanta Constitution. For this paper he wrote the negro folk tales which were gathered into the volume "Uncle Remus: his Songs and Sayings," published in 1880. This book at once gave the author a national reputation, which has been sustained by his further volumes dealing with negro folklore and the life of Georgia country people. He died at his home, "Sign of the Wren's Nest," in a suburb of Atlanta, Georgia, in 1908.]

When the little boy, whose nights with Uncle Remus are as entertaining as those Arabian ones of blessed memory, had finished supper the other evening and hurried out to sit with his venerable patron, he found the old man in great glee. Indeed, Uncle Remus was talking and laughing to himself at


text:
Page:Southern Life in Southern Literature.djvu/343

 such a rate that the little boy was afraid he had company. The truth is, Uncle Remus had heard the child coming, and when the rosy-cheeked chap put his head in the door, was engaged in a monologue, the burden of which seemed to be:

As a matter of course, this vague allusion reminded the little boy of the fact that the wicked Fox was still in pursuit of the Rabbit, and he immediately put his curiosity in the shape of a question.

"Uncle Remus, did the Rabbit have to go clean away when he got loose from the Tar-baby?"

"Bless grashus, honey, dat he did n't. Who? Him? You dunno nuthin' 'tall 'bout Brer Rabbit ef dat's de way you puttin' 'em down. W'at he gwine 'way fer? He mouter stayed sorter close 'twell de pitch rub off'n his ha'r, but 'twan't menny days 'fo' he waz lopin' up en down de naberhood same ez ever, en I dunno ef he were n't mo' sassier den befo'.

"Seem like dat de tale 'bout how he got mixt up wid de Tar-baby got 'roun' mongst de nabers. Leas'ways, Miss Meadows en de gals got win' un it, en de nex' time Brer Rabbit paid um a visit, Miss Meadows tackled 'im 'bout it, en de gals sot up a monst'us gigglement. Brer Rabbit, he sot up des ez cool ez a cowcumber, he did, en let 'em run on."

"Who was Miss Meadows, Uncle Remus?" inquired the little boy.

"Don' ax me, honey. She was in de tale, en de tale I give you like hit were gun ter me. Brer Rabbit, he sot dar, he did, sorter lam'like, en den bimeby he cross his legs, he did, en wink his eye slow en up en say, sezee:


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/844

826


text:
User:DeirdreAnne/1

hi:User:Doug

title: User:DeirdreAnne/1


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/845

Rh


text:
Page:The Mediaeval Mind Vol 1.djvu/181

CHAP. VIII Another illustration. The Njáls Saga opens with a sketch of the girl Hallgerda, so drawn that it presages most of the trouble in the story. There were two well-to-do brothers, Hauskuld and Hrut:

"It happened once that Hauskuld bade his friends to a feast, and his brother Hrut was there, and sat next to him. Hauskuld had a daughter named Hallgerda, who was playing on the floor with some other girls. She was fair of face and tall of growth, and her hair was as soft as silk; it was so long, too, that it came down to her waist. Hauskuld called out to her, 'Come hither to me, daughter.' So she went up to him, and he took her by the chin and kissed her; after that she went away. Then Hauskuld said to Hrut, 'What dost thou think of this maiden? Is she not fair?' Hrut held his peace. Hauskuld said the same thing to him a second time, and then Hrut answered, 'Fair enough is this maid, and many will smart for it; but this I know not, whence thief's eyes have come into our race.' Then Hauskuld was wroth, and for a time the brothers saw little of each other."

The picture of Hallgerda will never leave the reader's mind throughout the story, of which she is the evil genius. It is after she has caused the death of her first husband and is sought by a second, that she is sent for by her father to ask what her mind may be:

"Then they sent for Hallgerda, and she came thither, and two women with her. She had on a cloak of rich blue woof, and under it a scarlet kirtle, and a silver girdle round her waist; but her hair came down on both sides of her bosom, and she had turned the locks up under her girdle. She sat down between Hrut and her father, and she greeted them all with kind words, and spoke well and boldly, and asked what was the news. After that she ceased speaking."

This is the woman that the girl has grown to be; and she is still at the beginning of her mischief. Such narrative art discloses both in the tale-teller and the audience an intelligence which sees the essential fact and is impatient of encumbrance. It is the same intelligence that made these Vikings so efficient in war, and in peace quick to seize cogent means.

Truthfulness is another quality of the Sagas. Indeed their respect for historical or biographical fact sometimes

title: Page:The Mediaeval Mind Vol 1.djvu/181


text:
Page:The Oxford book of Italian verse.djvu/556

NOTES 205. O del grand'Appennino. Begun at Urbino August 1578, but left unfinished.

208. Negli anni acerbi, to Leonora d'Este.

 (page 279). Born at Savona, educated at the Jesuits' College in Rome. Was involved in a quarrel and had to return to Savona, where he held various public appointments. Travelled in Italy and found many patrons, amongst them Carlo Emanuele of Savoy, the Gonzagas, and Urban VIII. Died at Savona. Wrote lyrics, pastoral dramas, and fables; and various dialogues and discourses in prose. [Poesie Liriche, Firenze, 1865.]

 (page 290). Born at Modena. Studied at Bologna and Ferrara; a member of the Accademia della Crusca. Was in the service of Cardinal Ascanio Colonna in Rome, and went with him to Spain. Returned to Rome; became a member of the Umoristi. In favour with Carlo Emanuele of Savoy; his First Secretary at Turin, and with Francesco I as gentiluomo delle belle lettere. Died at Modena, Wrote the famous and dreary Secchia rapita, a huge poem describing the quarrel of Modena and Bologna about a bucket; Varietà di Pensieri; Considerazioni sopra le rime di Petrarca; Avvertimenti di Crescenzio Pepe, La Tenda rossa; two Filippiche contro gli Spagnoli, and other political works. [Rime, ed. T. Casini, Bologna, 1880.]

 (page 291). Born at Naples. A gay fellow; imprisoned for disorderly behaviour in 1598. Went to Rome; his patron was Cardinal Aldobrandini. Afterwards with Carlo Emanuele, who made him cavaliere dei SS. Maurizio e Lazzaro. Shot at, but unhurt, by a jealous courtier, 1609. Went to France, 1615; was in favour with Louis XIII and persona grata at the Hôtel de Rambouillet. Went back to Italy in 1623, and was accorded a triumph at Naples. Died there. Wrote L'Adone, a poem of 45,000 lines. Imitated Ovid and 556


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/846

828


text:
Page:The Mediaeval Mind Vol 1.djvu/182

160 hindered the evolution of a perfect story. They hesitated to omit or alter well-remembered incidents. Nevertheless a certain remodelling came, as generation after generation of narrators made the incidents more striking and the characters more marked, and, under the exigencies of story-telling, omitted details which, although actual, were irrelevant to the current of the story. The disadvantages from truthfulness were slight, compared with the admirable artistic qualities preserved by it. It kept the stories true to reality, excluding unreality, exaggeration, absurdity. Hence these Sagas are convincing: no reader can withhold belief. They contain no incredible incidents. On occasions they tell of portents, prescience, and second sight, but not so as to raise a smile. They relate a very few encounters with trolls—the hideous, unlaid, still embodied dead. But those accounts conform to the hard-wrung superstitions of a people not given to credulity. So they are real. The reality of Grettir's night-wrestling with Glam, the troll, is hardly to be matched. Truthfulness likewise characterizes their heroes: no man lies about his deeds, and no man's word is doubted.

While the Saga-folk include no cowards or men of petty manners, there is still great diversity of character among them. Some are lazy and some industrious, some quarrelsome and some good-natured, some dangerous, some forbearing, gloomy or cheerful, open-minded or biassed, shrewd or stupid, generous or avaricious. Such contrasts of character abound both in the Sagas of Icelandic life and those which handle the broader matter of history. One may note in the Heimskringla of the Kings of Norway the contrasted characters of the kings Olaf Tryggvason and St. Olaf. The latter appears as a hard-working, canny ruler, a lover of

title: Page:The Mediaeval Mind Vol 1.djvu/182


text:
Page:The Oxford book of Italian verse.djvu/557

NOTES Tibullus; wrote idylls, burlesques, and occasional verse. [La Lira, Venezia, 1602-14.]

 (page 292). Born at Ferrara, educated at the Universities of Bologna and Ferrara. Lived in Rome, Naples, and Modena. His patrons were Carlo Emanuele of Savoy and Francis I, Duke of Modena. He went on various missions for the latter. Governor of the Garfagnana, 1640. Imprisoned (1646) by the Duke because he had entered the service of Mazarin. Died in prison. Wrote lyrics, a tragedy, L'Isola d'Alcina, and heroic poems. [Poesie Liriche, Modena, 1627-48.]

230. Ruscelletto orgoglioso. The personage satirized in this canzone is the Cardinal Antonio Barberini.

 (page 303). Born at Arezzo; doctor and philosopher. Taught rhetoric in the Colonna Palace, Rome; physician to Ferdinand II and Cosimo III of Tuscany. A member of the Cimento and Della Crusca. Died at Pisa. Wrote scientific works. [Opere, 3 vols., Venezia, 1712.]

 (page 308). Born at Milan; secretary of the Senate and professor of Greek. [Opere, Milano, 1700.]

 (page 309). Born at Lodi.

 (page 311). Born at Florence; studied at University of Pisa. An Arcadian; his patron was Cristina of Sweden. Senator under Cosimo III; Governor of Volterra and Pisa. [Poesie Toscane, Firenze, 1707.]

237. E fino a quanto... John III Sobieski and Innocent XI initiated the crusade against the Turks. Vienna was freed in 1683.

 (page 317). Born at Florence. A priest. Went to Rome. Cristina of Sweden his patron. Wrote some good satires. [Opere, 4 vols., Firenze, 1731.] 557


text:
Page:The Natural History of Pliny.djvu/83

Chap. 16.] well as the laws to which they are subject, which might be mentioned. For example, the planet Mars, whose course is the most difficult to observe, never becomes stationary when Jupiter is in the trine aspect, very rarely when he is 60 degrees from the sun, which number is one-sixth of the circuit of the heavens ; nor does he ever rise in the same sign with Jupiter, except in Cancer and Leo. The star Mercury seldom has his evening risings in Pisces, but very frequently in Virgo, and his morning risings in Libra; he has also his morning rising in Aquarius, very rarely in Leo. He never becomes retrograde either in Taurus or in Gemini, nor until the 25th degree of Cancer. The Moon makes her double conjunction with the sun in no other sign except Gemini, while Sagittarius is the only sign in which she has sometimes no conjunction at all. The old and the new moon are visible on the same day or night in no other sign except Aries, and indeed it has happened very seldom to any one to have witnessed it. From this circumstance it was that the tale of Lynceus's quick-sightedness originated. Saturn and Mars are invisible at most for 170 days; Jupiter for 36, or, at the least, for 10 days less than this; Venus for 69, or, at the least, for 52; Mercury for 13, or, at the most, for 18.

The difference of their colour depends on the difference in their altitudes; for they acquire a resemblance to those planets into the vapour of which they are carried, the orbit of each tinging those that approach it in each direction. A colder planet renders one that approaches it paler, one more hot


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/858

840

England. ,


text:
Page:The Natural History of Pliny.djvu/71

Chap. 9.] when he was only a military tribune he relieved the army from great anxiety the day before king Perseus was conquered by Paulus ; for he was brought by the general into a public assembly, in order to predict the eclipse, of which he afterwards gave an account in a separate treatise. Among the Greeks, Thales the Milesian first investigated the subject, in the fourth year of the forty-eighth olympiad, predicting the eclipse of the sun which took place in the reign of Alyattes, in the 170th year of the City. After them Hipparchus calculated the course of both these stars for the term of 600 years, including the months, days, and hours, the situation of the different places and the aspects adapted to each of them; all this has been confirmed by experience, and could only be acquired by partaking, as it were, in the councils of nature. These were indeed great men, superior to ordinary mortals, who having discovered the laws of these divine bodies, relieved the miserable mind of man from the fear which he had of eclipses, as foretelling some dreadful


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/857

Rh


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/860

842


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Hexateuch

HEXATEUCH (from Gk. ἕχ, hex, six + τεῦχος, teuchos, implement, book). A term used to denote the first six books of the Bible, viz.: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, and Joshua. While ../Pentateuch/ (q.v.) as a title of the five books ascribed to Moses, and Octateuch as a designation of these with Joshua, Judges, and Ruth, go back to antiquity, Hexateuch is a modern term that has come into vogue chiefly through Kuenen and Wellhausen. It represents a critical view, according to which the Book of Joshua was compiled from the same sources as the Pentateuch, and once formed with it a separate work. This opinion presupposes the conviction that the Pentateuch is not the work of Moses, but a later compilation from sources of different age, which sources also appear in the Book of Joshua. The existence of such sources is thought to be proved by duplicate accounts of the same events and marked differences of representation, which differences do not occur indiscriminately, but appear in well-defined sections and in combination, a given point of view and certain marked characteristics of language and style invariably being found together. The following sources are now generally recognized: (1) A prophetic narrative, itself a combination of two distinct sources, one using Jehovah (Yahweh) as the divine name and hence commonly called J, the other using Elohim as the name of God and hence called E, the combination being designated as JE. It presents a succession of more or less closely connected narratives, beginning with the creation and extending to the conquest of Canaan. (2) A priestly document (P), covering the same period, but distinguished by the combination of narrative with legal ordinances. It is often called the ‘Priests' Code,’ although the name strictly belongs only to the legislative portions (i.e. certain of the laws in Exodus and those of Leviticus and Numbers). (3) The code of laws known as the ‘Book of the Covenant’ (C; Ex. xxi-xxiii). (4) Another code, the ‘Law of Holiness’ (H; Lev. xvii.-xxvi.). (5) The Book of Deuteronomy (D; also containing certain codes). The work of combination is commonly referred to a ‘redactor’ designated by R. These sources are in turn generally considered as composite, or at

least to have undergone successive revisions before being combined into the Hexateuch as we have it. There is difference of opinion concerning the minutiæ of the analysis, the age of the documents, and their relation to each other, and the process or processes by which they have reached their final form. But scholars do not now question the existence of such sources; and they are in substantial accord as to what they are in the main, as indicated above. That the Pentateuch contains post-Mosaic material was seen by some writers as early as the second century, such as Ptolemy the Gnostic, and the author of the Clementine Recognitions. It was shrewdly intimated by Ibn Ezra (died 1167). Through Carlstadt (1520), Du Maes (1574), Pereira (1594), Bonfrère (1625), Hobbes (1651), Peyrère (1655), Spinoza (1670), Simon (1678), and Le Clerc (1685), the facts showing a later authorship of the Pentateuch were brought out. In 1753 Astruc published his epoch-making conjectures as to the documents possibly used by Moses in the compilation of Genesis. He had correctly observed that sections in which Elohim was used as the divine name differed in vocabulary, style, and thought from sections in which the name Yahweh was used, and concluded that they belonged to different documents, though some fragments could not be ascribed to either of these. Before the end of the century Eichhorn (1780) and Ilgen (1798) had further developed the documentary theory, the latter distinguishing between two sources using the name Elohim and leaving it an open question whether there was more than one writer using the name Yahweh, while Geddes (1792-1800) had framed a theory based on the existence of unrelated fragments recognized by Astruc. This theory was introduced in Germany by Vater (1802), and found an exponent in De Wette (1806), whose view that the divine names represented not so much different authors as different ages or schools of religious thought was destined to exercise a wider influence. He also suggested that an earlier epic was supplemented in later times. This led to the supplementary theory championed by Ewald and Tuch (1830). While De Wette himself and Gesenius (1815) still regarded the bulk of the legislation in Exodus and Leviticus as earlier than Deuteronomy, which they placed in the Exile, George (1835) and Vatke (1835) were led partly by a careful analysis of customs and ideas, partly by applying Hegelian principles of historic development, to the conviction that this priestly legislation was later than Deuteronomy, thus anticipating the position now generally held. The reaction led by Ewald against a too mechanical construction of history according to philosophical categories, and in the direction of a stronger emphasis upon personality, brought Hexateuchal criticism back to the documentary theory, while delaying for a time the recognition of Israel's historic development divined by the disciples of De Wette and by Reuss. This scholar in 1850 expressed his conviction that the priestly legislation was later than Deuteronomy, but without a definite conception of the Pentateuchal documents. Hupfeld in 1853 carefully defined the main sources of Genesis, making the necessary distinction between the two writers using the name Elohim. A correct characterization of Deuteronomy was given by Riehm (1854). A clear idea of the Priests'

Code could only be obtained after the historical criticism of Reimarus (whose Wolfenbüttel Fragments were published by Lessing in 1777) had been resumed by Colenso (1860) and Nöldeke (1869). Before Nöldeke's work had appeared it was still possible for Graf (1866) to give to the legislative portions a post-exilic date, while leaving the closely allied matter in the pre-Deuteronomic period. This error was corrected by Kuenen (1866). The position reached by Reuss, Graf, and Kuenen was ably defended by Wellhausen (1876). His comparison between the regulations as to sanctuaries, festivals, priestly functions, and revenues in the different codes and between these and the historic and prophetic books was especially convincing. Budde (1883) observed that there was an earlier stratum within the Yahwistic documents which did not know of a deluge. The history of Israel was written from the new standpoint by Stade (1886). Dillmann embodied the results of documentary analysis in his learned commentaries on the books of the Hexateuch (1886-92), though he was unwilling to accept the priority of Deuteronomy except as regards some late additions to the Priests' Code. During the last decade most scholars have come to recognize the essentially post-exilic origin of the Priests' Code. The Book of the Covenant is considered the oldest of the codes and perhaps of the sources. It probably dates from early in the ninth century, B.C. It is generally held that the earlier Elohistic narratives originated in North Israel before the fall of Samaria in B.C. 722. The Yahwistic narratives show a marked preference for Judean heroes, sanctuaries, and traditions; hence many scholars assign them to the Kingdom of Judah before the reign of Josiah; others think they originated in the northern kingdom, but have been worked over in Judah. It is agreed that both the Elohistic and the Yahwistic documents received various additions from time to time. They were combined in the seventh century B.C. The difference of opinion as to their relative age has lost much of its positiveness and importance by the fact that, in case of duplicates, the originality is seen to be sometimes on one side and sometimes on the other, and by the shifting of interest from the writers, who, after all, were chiefly collectors of stories, to the narrators who gave them a form and told them at the sanctuaries. It is especially Gunkel (1902) who has called attention to these aspects of the question. While Steuernagel has not won general recognition for his analysis of the Deuteronomic Code, it is commonly maintained that our present book has gone through at least two redactions, and this scholar has made it probable that the work introduced by Josiah as the law of Israel (see ) had itself been compiled from smaller codes embodying decisions by elders, priestly oracles, and acknowledged rules of conduct. The code of Holiness is thought to belong to the time of Ezekiel (c.560 B.C.), and the combination of Deuteronomy and JE probably took place at about the same time. Most uncertainty still prevails in regard to the Priests' Code. While some scholars consider this code as having been introduced by Ezra and afterwards united with Deuteronomy and the earlier code-books (c.400 B.C.), others look upon the Code of Ezra as a compilation containing both the priestly documents and the previously existing ones. The

general opinion is that the Priests' Code grew up in Babylon. Eduard Meyer regards Ezra as its author. But the unity of this book has long been questioned. Popper (1862) showed that Ex. xxxv.-xl. and Lev. viii.-x. are by a different hand from that which wrote Ex. xxv.-xxxi. Klostermann (1877) indicated a separate authorship for the Holiness Code (Lev. xvii.-xxvi.). Baentsch (1901) and Berthelot (1901) agree in regarding Lex. i.-vii. and Lev. xi.-xv. as independent minor codes. Graf (1871) and Maybaum (1880) suggested that the priestly writer was only a supplementer of the earlier text. Klostermann (1893) considered this writer as the editor of the Pentateuch. Schmidt (1902) also thinks that the so-called Priestly Document never existed as a separate code, but consists of a collection of laws, illustrative stories, annotations, and comments added to the already existing books by the priesthood in Jerusalem, chiefly during the Persian period. As the Book of Joshua has been subjected to a thorough priestly redaction, while the books of Judges, Samuel, and Kings have only been edited by men writing in the spirit of Deuteronomy, the question naturally arises why Joshua should have fared differently from the rest of the ‘former prophets.’ The answer generally given is that the Priestly Document ended with the conquest of Canaan, and that the Book of Joshua was cut off from the once existing Hexateuch. But Eduard Meyer is probably right in holding that there never was any Hexateuch, but that the Law, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings once formed one great historic work. This seems to have been essentially a Deuteronomistic work. The additions made in priestly circles affected some facts more than others. As the section dealing with events up to the death of Moses came to be regarded as ‘the Law,’ the rest formed a class by themselves. The division of the Law into five parts probably does not go back to the time when the Book of Joshua formed a part of the great work. The term Hexateuch is therefore likely to disappear, while the observations that led to its use are seen to be accurate, and the theory framed to account for them is recognized as essentially sound.

. Consult the later commentaries on the books of the Hexateuch: the introductions to the Old Testament of Bleek-Wellhausen, Cornill, Driver, König, and Wildeboer; the Hebrew histories of Kittel and Piepenbring, which include discussions of literary sources; the article “Hexateuch” by Cheyne in the Encyclopædia Biblia; id., by Wood, in the Hastings Dictionary of the Bible; Westphal, Les sources du Pentateuch (Paris, 1888-1892); Kuenen, The Hexateuch (Eng. trans., London, 1886); Wellhausen, Die Composition des Hexateuch (Berlin, 1889); Roberttson Smith, The Old Testament in the Jewish Church (2d ed., Edinburgh, 1892); Addis, Documents of the Hexateuch (London, 1892-98); Holzinger, Einleitung in den Hexateuch (Freiburg, 1893); Klostermnnn, Beitrage zur Entstehungsgeschichte des Pentateuchs (Leipzig, 1894); Battersley-Carpenter, The Hexateuch (London, 1900); Kautzsch, Die heilige Schrift des Alten Testaments (Freiburg, 1896; Eng. trans., New York, 1899), a clear and concise survey of the sacred literature of the Hebrews. For arguments in support of the traditional view, consult Green, Moses and the

Prophets (New York, 1883); id., The Hebrew Feasts (ib., 1886); and the series of articles by Harper and Green in Hebraica, vols. v.-viii. (1886-92). See the articles upon the books of the Hexateuch; also ; .