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HIS Appendix is a translation of a MS. written by Dr. Berendt at Sacluk in 1866-1867. The original is in Spanish, but for the sake of consistency I have translaeed it. In some cases Dr. Berendt's clear and beautiful script has become blurred either through exposure to dampness or from some other cause. In such a case I have hazarded a guess if it seemed safe to do so, otherwise I have left a blank

The MS. is in the Brinton Collection in the Library of the University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and I wish to acknowledge the kindness of Dr. G. B. Gordon in giving me permission to publish it here.

 * The dialect of Peten is spoken in the at Villages:
 * Guadalupe Sacluk, Tziché, Chilonché S. Juan de Dios, Oxpayac, Simaron, Chachachurun, Santa Ana, Juntecholol.

 * It is spoken in the at
 * Dolores, Machaquita, Petenzuc, Poctun, San Toribio, Yaxché (=Yaxha?), San Luis.

 * And in the Partido del Centro}} at
 * San José. In the other villages of the Partido del Centro, and in that of San Antonio, the Yucatec dialect is spoken. In the Partido de la montaña or of Holmul is spoken the dialect of the East.


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Rh {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" !PETEN ! !YUCATAN
 * hŏŏk
 * a large fish-hook coxti hŏŏk....we are going to fish (?)
 * litz
 * a small fish-hook cox ti man litz....we are going to buy a fish-hook
 * lutz, fish-hook
 * lutz
 * lazy (said of an animal)
 * holé
 * yesterday
 * holhe
 * meyah
 * to work
 * manyah
 * ten in Ͻah hunpel tomin ti a Juan
 * I give John a real
 * ten in Ͻaic hunpel tomin ti Juan
 * ten cin hanal
 * I eat
 * hanal in cah
 * chumac
 * wild-cat
 * chamac
 * Ͻűt
 * a long sack of palm leaves or of broom-plant fiber
 * naza
 * Ͻit
 * very small tamales
 * yaax apat
 * royal palm
 * ichcil or ichnil
 * to bathe
 * in thǎ
 * my forehead
 * in lec
 * pichi
 * guava (?)
 * pachi
 * chuh
 * calabash of water (this line is crossed out in the text)
 * nah
 * house; holnah, door; bah, mole (?)
 * na-holna-ba
 * pah
 * chicken louse, leh, snare
 * pa- te-
 * tuh
 * stinking, obscene
 * tu
 * uh
 * the moon
 * u
 * coh
 * a tooth
 * co
 * cih
 * henequen
 * qi
 * beh
 * a road, a path
 * be
 * ya in tzem
 * I am in doubt (?)
 * ya in tzem
 * tacté
 * a pine tree
 * tahte
 * colspan="3" |(several illegible words occur here)
 * nak xaan
 * Ͻu or chichan Ͻu
 * small unweaned child
 * chuchul paal
 * in nochil
 * my child (used by the Lacandones)
 * tanché
 * a beam
 * tanche
 * puluoc
 * a small dove
 * (xamach) pek
 * a wall
 * pak
 * ahmenché
 * a carpenter
 * ahmentahche
 * taman
 * a sheep, they also say teme
 * tanam
 * top
 * any flower
 * nicte, lol
 * taz la top e
 * he is bringing a flower
 * taler nicte
 * cox ti meyaj
 * we are going to work
 * cox ti menyah
 * bax le lo? or bax la je lo?
 * who is that?
 * max cutal?
 * who is coming?
 * xen a thone a Juan
 * go and call John
 * u tat ix Maria
 * the father of Mary
 * baai
 * a bag made of netting; also called champa
 * yampaj
 * (illegible)
 * }
 * tanché
 * a beam
 * tanche
 * puluoc
 * a small dove
 * (xamach) pek
 * a wall
 * pak
 * ahmenché
 * a carpenter
 * ahmentahche
 * taman
 * a sheep, they also say teme
 * tanam
 * top
 * any flower
 * nicte, lol
 * taz la top e
 * he is bringing a flower
 * taler nicte
 * cox ti meyaj
 * we are going to work
 * cox ti menyah
 * bax le lo? or bax la je lo?
 * who is that?
 * max cutal?
 * who is coming?
 * xen a thone a Juan
 * go and call John
 * u tat ix Maria
 * the father of Mary
 * baai
 * a bag made of netting; also called champa
 * yampaj
 * (illegible)
 * }
 * max cutal?
 * who is coming?
 * xen a thone a Juan
 * go and call John
 * u tat ix Maria
 * the father of Mary
 * baai
 * a bag made of netting; also called champa
 * yampaj
 * (illegible)
 * }
 * the father of Mary
 * baai
 * a bag made of netting; also called champa
 * yampaj
 * (illegible)
 * }
 * yampaj
 * (illegible)
 * }
 * }
 * }

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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190 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" !PETEN ! !YUCATAN
 * ma t'in patal
 * I cannot
 * ma in uojel
 * I do not know
 * uai
 * arm (almost illegible)
 * bax u caa or bax u cuci
 * why or because
 * bax tal?
 * why?
 * cox ti pakach or cox ti pekech
 * we are going to make tortillas (tortillar)
 * tux yankin?
 * where is the sun?
 * tabx yan kin
 * tux ca bin?
 * where are you going?
 * tab a benerl (t)
 * jamach a katic?
 * how much do you want? what do you ask?
 * jamach nah yan tech?
 * how many tortillas have you?
 * jamach uinic tan ilah ti be?
 * how many men have you seen on the road?
 * bahun uinicol t an ilah ti be?
 * colspan="3" |(One illegible phrase here)
 * bix le lo?
 * how is that?
 * bix yanil ech?
 * how are you?
 * bicx a cah?
 * bax a kati?
 * what do you want?
 * bax akaba?
 * what is your name?
 * max u thinic en?
 * who is calling me?
 * max cin Ͻic tü?
 * to whom am I to give it?
 * mayan ja
 * there is no water
 * manaan ja minan ja
 * xturuhui
 * yellow (or jaundice; text says amarillo)
 * nicté
 * white
 * chacnicté
 * red
 * quĭj
 * henequen
 * yaxci
 * yǎ
 * a small sapote (?)
 * zaya
 * ten cin bin ich cah,
 * I am going into the village
 * kayem
 * gruel made of corn flour
 * keyem
 * iz Ͻit
 * a small tamale made with new corn
 * culen
 * sit down (imperative)
 * culen, sit down! cultal, to sit down
 * liken
 * get up (imperative)
 * likil, to get up
 * colspan="3" |(several illegible words follow)
 * thuth
 * I weep (perhaps it means dark brown - loro)
 * colspan="3" |(several more illegible words)
 * sac
 * fear
 * zahaal, fear
 * sac en
 * I am afraid, I fear
 * zahal, to fear
 * saccep
 * timorous
 * abzahet, timerous
 * mac
 * people
 * uinic
 * bizit
 * that part of an animal... (illegible)... which is composed of the lower part of the spine
 * cŏŏb
 * (meaning illegible)
 * coc
 * }
 * yǎ
 * a small sapote (?)
 * zaya
 * ten cin bin ich cah,
 * I am going into the village
 * kayem
 * gruel made of corn flour
 * keyem
 * iz Ͻit
 * a small tamale made with new corn
 * culen
 * sit down (imperative)
 * culen, sit down! cultal, to sit down
 * liken
 * get up (imperative)
 * likil, to get up
 * colspan="3" |(several illegible words follow)
 * thuth
 * I weep (perhaps it means dark brown - loro)
 * colspan="3" |(several more illegible words)
 * sac
 * fear
 * zahaal, fear
 * sac en
 * I am afraid, I fear
 * zahal, to fear
 * saccep
 * timorous
 * abzahet, timerous
 * mac
 * people
 * uinic
 * bizit
 * that part of an animal... (illegible)... which is composed of the lower part of the spine
 * cŏŏb
 * (meaning illegible)
 * coc
 * }
 * I am afraid, I fear
 * zahal, to fear
 * saccep
 * timorous
 * abzahet, timerous
 * mac
 * people
 * uinic
 * bizit
 * that part of an animal... (illegible)... which is composed of the lower part of the spine
 * cŏŏb
 * (meaning illegible)
 * coc
 * }
 * cŏŏb
 * (meaning illegible)
 * coc
 * }
 * }


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Rh {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" !PETEN ! !YUCATAN
 * paklam
 * prickly pear (?) (Text has stapal y tuna)
 * pakam
 * kuchune
 * the whorl (jicarita) which they use for spinning
 * cucut
 * a mountain fruit... (illegible)... like a small plantain
 * kat or ket
 * flat earthen bowl set before an idol
 * cat
 * colspan="3" |(An illegible word)
 * chim
 * a knapsack (mochila)
 * zuzich
 * to cut off the grains from a cooked ear of corn; and also the grains thus cut off
 * zuz, to plane
 * chaac
 * let it go! (sueltalo)
 * chaac la tzimine
 * set the horse free! (suelta el caballo)
 * bet
 * hail
 * bat
 * punab
 * mahogany (caobana)
 * hach nohoch punab
 * how big the mahogany tree is!
 * chulul
 * the bow for shooting
 * tzaan
 * the cord of the bow
 * teztan
 * the bow used in the reverse (with the cord on the convex side) (?)
 * cec che
 * an arrow with a tooth or jog
 * pocté
 * an arrow with a point of clay
 * yaxapat
 * the royal palm (from the Lacandones?)
 * thahaan
 * the muscular part of the thumb
 * Ͻunum
 * a bird
 * Ͻununté
 * laurel, a mountain bush
 * hubuché
 * a mountain bush; the leaves.... (illegible)
 * tanai
 * a species of cane or bamboo.... very large
 * tuϽ
 * (meaning illegible)
 * jōǒle
 * yesterday
 * holhe
 * zamal
 * tomorrow
 * cui
 * (meaning illegible)
 * chepetz
 * bread of new maize
 * uokekuch
 * a stick used in weaving
 * colspan="3"|(Several illegible and obscurely translated words)
 * }
 * an arrow with a point of clay
 * yaxapat
 * the royal palm (from the Lacandones?)
 * thahaan
 * the muscular part of the thumb
 * Ͻunum
 * a bird
 * Ͻununté
 * laurel, a mountain bush
 * hubuché
 * a mountain bush; the leaves.... (illegible)
 * tanai
 * a species of cane or bamboo.... very large
 * tuϽ
 * (meaning illegible)
 * jōǒle
 * yesterday
 * holhe
 * zamal
 * tomorrow
 * cui
 * (meaning illegible)
 * chepetz
 * bread of new maize
 * uokekuch
 * a stick used in weaving
 * colspan="3"|(Several illegible and obscurely translated words)
 * }
 * (meaning illegible)
 * jōǒle
 * yesterday
 * holhe
 * zamal
 * tomorrow
 * cui
 * (meaning illegible)
 * chepetz
 * bread of new maize
 * uokekuch
 * a stick used in weaving
 * colspan="3"|(Several illegible and obscurely translated words)
 * }
 * chepetz
 * bread of new maize
 * uokekuch
 * a stick used in weaving
 * colspan="3"|(Several illegible and obscurely translated words)
 * }
 * a stick used in weaving
 * colspan="3"|(Several illegible and obscurely translated words)
 * }
 * colspan="3"|(Several illegible and obscurely translated words)
 * }


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HILE I was at work on the main body of this book my attention was drawn to the question of cartography by Dr. Edward Luther Stevenson of New York. I decided that it would be worth while to try and compile a list of all the early maps of Yucatan. It would be folly for me to claim that the list I give here is complete; it is, however, at least as complete as any such list now existing. No attempt has been made to list all the modern maps of the area; neither has there been any attempt to include maps of limited portions of the peninsula. A selection from the immense amount of material given by Pedro Torres Lanzas has, however, been made, and the notes made by Dr. Tozzer in Seville are appended.

THE MAPS OF YUCATAN ARRANGED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER

1502 ? PORTUGUESE.
 * Valentini (1898, 1902) refers to this map as being dated either in 1493 or 1502. There is little doubt that this map is misdated for the following reasons:

 * 1. The information contained in the map is so full that it cannot have been earlier than 1520.

 * 2. The nomenclature is mainly “sailor names” and therefore inconclusive.

 * 3. The alleged Yucatan runs from its nearest point to Cuba northwardly, not southwardly. It is my belief that the peninsula in question is meant for Florida, and that it is too far west.

 * 4. The whole style of the map is comparable to that of the following well-known ones: Turin-Spanish, 1523-25; Wolfenbüttel-Spanish, 1525-30; Maggiolo, 1527; Verrazano, 1529; Weimar-Spanish, 1527. It is far more full and accurate than Maggiolo, 1519. Therefore it cannot date from before 1520, and probably not from before 1525.

ca. 1501-02 RICHARD KING PORTOLAN (Hamy Coll.).

 * Has Cuba and other West Indies, also eastern portions of South America, neither Mexico nor Yucatan.

1502-04 CANTINO (Stevenson, 1903).

 * Has Cuba, etc. No Mexico and Yucatan.


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Rh 1507 WALDSEEMÜLLER.
 * America first so called. Its presence is indicated, but its shape is not defined. Florida, Cuba, and Brazil appear; Mexico and Yucatan do not.

1508 PTOLEMY, ED. RUYSCH, ROME (Nord. XXXII).
 * America shown as a vague archipelago in the Pacific. It is not named.

1512 PTOLEMY, ED. JOANNES DE STOBINICZA, CRACOW (Nord.).
 * America is indicated but not named.

1514 LODOVICUS BOULENDER (Nord.).
 * America shown by name and called “Nova reperta.”

1515 GREGORIUS REISCH, STRASSBURG (Nord.).
 * No Yucatan

1516 WALDSEEMÜLLER
 * See 1507.

1516-20 MUNICH-PORTUGUESE
 * Has no Yucatan.

1519 MAGGIOLO.
 * See 1527.

1520 PETRUS APIANUS (Nord.).
 * Has no Yucatan.

1523-25 TURIN-SPANISH (E. L. S.).
 * The general outline of Yucatan is recognizable. There is a gap on the south of Yucatan where the isthmus should be. All the names save Cozumel are wrong.

1527 MAGGIOLO (E. L. S.).
 * The shape of Yucatan is all wrong, and Yucatan is shown as a rather small island far from the mainland. no names.

1527 WEIMAR-SPANISH (E. L. S.).
 * Yucatan is a peninsula. Isthmus is roughly drawn and too narrow. “gotoche” (Catoche, “y. demuJeres” (Isla de Mujeres), and “cocumel” (Cozumel), etc. At the isthmus is a name which possibly may be Ytza; it is very indistinct.

1528? BENEDETTO BORDONE, VINEGIA (Nord.).
 * Has no Yucatan

1529 RIBERO (E. L. S.).
 * Has Yucatan as a large island near to the mainland, with Hibueras (Higueras = Honduras) correctly located.

1529 VERRAZANO (E. L. S.).
 * Has the general outlines of Yucatan approximately correct, but there is a large gap at the southern part.

1525-30 WOLFENBÜTTEL-SPANISH (E. L. S.).
 * Yucatan a large island very close to the mainland. Cf. Ribero, 1529.

1530 VERRAZANO'S GLOBE.
 * Shows Yucatan as an island.


text:
Author:James Boaden

Works

 * Osmyn and Daraxa, a Musical Romance (1793)
 * Fontainville Forest
 * The Secret Tribunal
 * The Italian Monk
 * The Maid of Bristol
 * Memoirs of the Life of John Philip Kemble (1825)
 * Memoirs of Mrs Siddons (1827)
 * The Life of Mrs. Jordan (1831)
 * Memoirs of Mrs. Inchbald (1833)
 * (ed.) newspaper The Oracle

title: Author:James Boaden


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194 1530? ANONYMOUS CARTA DE LAS ANTILLAS, SENO MEJICANO Y COSTAS DE TIERRA FIRMA. CARTAS DE INDIAS 1877.
 * Yucatan is shown as a peninsula. Merida does not appear. Campeche is written “Campeci,” and Mexico “Mesico.” It seems to be a map of the same period as the Weimar-Spanish, 1527.

1531 ORONTIUS FINÆUS (Nord.).
 * Yucatan (called Iucatanus) shown as an island.

1532 SIM. GRYNÆUS NOVUS ORBIS, BASILEÆ (Nord.).
 * Cuba and America confused. Yucatan not named, but indicated as a part of Cuba, which lies where Mexico should. There is a break in the isthmus.

1534? MALARTIC PORTOLAN.
 * Has Yucatan as an island far from mainland with a dense archipelago instead of an isthmus.

1534 PETRUS MARTYR, VINEGIA (Nord.).
 * Yucatan an island with dense archipelago in lieu of isthmus.

1536 MERCATOR
 * Yucatan a peninsula.

1538 GERARDUS MERCATOR (Nord.).
 * Yucatan named and an island.

1539? PORTULAN OF CHARLES V, in WIENER, 1875.
 * Has Yucatan a round island a good way from mainland on three different maps.

1540 PTOLEMY, BASEL (Nord.).
 * Yucatan shown as an island.

1542 ALONSO DE SANTA CRUZ, in DAHLGREN, 1892.
 * Shows Yucatan as a peninsula, but makes east coast run nearly east and west.

1543 CASPAR VOPEL (Nord.).
 * Yucatan shown as an island.

1548 PTOLEMY, VENICE (Nord.).
 * Yucatan shown as an island, not named.

1551 APPIANUS.
 * Has Yucatan as a peninsula.

1554 GASTALDI, MAPPAMUNDI, VENICE (Müller Coll.).
 * Has Yucatan a peninsula, but has no names save Cozumel and Catoche.

1556 HIERONIMO GIRAVA, MILAN (Nord.).
 * Yucatan is a peninsula, but much too small.

1560 FERRANDO BERTELI (Müller Coll.).
 * Yucatan (called Lucātan) is an island close to the mainland.

1562 MARTINES, JOAN, MAP OF THE WORLD (in Stevenson, 1911).
 * Yucatan is shown as a peninsula. The isthmus is too narrow.

1566? LANDA (see Plate IV).
 * This map, notwithstanding its inaccuracies, is interesting and valuable. It appears in the original MS. of Bishop Landa's famous work.


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Rh The remarks as to distances, in the southwest corner, are, of course, entirely erroneous. Also it should be noted that Cozumel (i.e., Cuzmil) and Las Mujeres are placed on the wrong side of the peninsula. One of the most interesting points about the map is that it gives Mani as “The city of the King.” This is undoubtedly a reference to the Tutul Xius whom we have mentioned in the body of this book.

1566? LANDA (see Plate V).
 * This smaller map is much like the foregoing one. But it fails to include such place names as Ychpa, Chicheniza, Mani, and so on. At the same time a slight improvement is to be noted in the location of Cozumel, though one is at a loss to account for the placing of Cape Catoch.

1570 ORTELIUS, THEATRUM ORBIS TERRARUM.
 * Shows Yucatan as a peninsula; calls Merida Atalaria, Cozumel Acasumal, etc.

1572 THOMASO PORCACCHI DA CASTIGLIONE, VENICE.
 * Has Yucatan as a peninsula.

1576 ANOTHER EDITION OF PORCCACHI DA CASTIGLIONE.

1581 PLANO DEL PUEBLO DE MUTUL, EN LA PROVINCIA DE YUCATAN, TERMINOS DE LA CIUDAD DE MERIDA. POR MARTIN DE PALOMAR? TORRES LANZAS, i, 33.
 * This map accompanies the Relaciones de la Provincia de Yucatan. Published by the Real Academia de Historia in 1898.

1584 ANOTHER EDITION OF ORTELIUS.

1587 MERCATOR (Nord.).
 * Yucatan a peninsula named either Atalanta or Atalania (print indistinct).

1590 JOANNES MYRITIUS, OPUSCULUM GEOGRAPHICUM RARUM, INGOLDSTADT (Nord.).
 * Yucatan not named. There is a projecting territory which, because of a large bay running in from the north, looks not unlike a U. Possibly the bay is the Laguna de Terminos shown too large.

1603 GULIELMUS NICOLAI BELGA, GLOBE, LYONS (Müller Coll.).
 * Yucatan an island far from the mainland. Cozumel much too large and close to western end of Cuba.

1605 WILLEM JANSZOON BLAEU, WORLD MAP (original in Hispanic Museum, New York City).
 * Yucatan shown as peninsula. Tabasco appears in the middle of the isthmus.

1608 MATTHIAS QUADUS, FASCICULUS GEOGRAPHICUS, KÖLN (Nord.).
 * Hispania Nova. Yucatan a peninsula, but not named.

1611 HONDIUS WORLD-MAP (E. S. L.).
 * General shape of Yucatan approximately correct. Tabasco is shown in the middle of the isthmus. Atalana in northeast corner of Yucatan.


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196 1613 MERCATOR, ED. IUDOCI HONDIJ, AMSTERDAM.
 * Yucatan a peninsula

1620 ANOTHER EDITION OF PORCACCHI DA CASTIGLEONE

1631 JOHN SPEED (London ?).
 * Yucatan shown as a peninsula.

1635 WILLEM JANSZOON BLAEU, AMSTERDAM (E. L. S.).
 * Yucatan shown as a peninsula.

1638 ANOTHER EDITION OF MERCATOR.

1656 MEXIQUE OU NOUVELLE ESPAGNE, PAR M. SANSON D'ABBEVILLE, PARIS.
 * Shows Merida and Valladolid with the YZUES between them, and with the COCOMES between Valladolid and L. Bacalar. Southern portions of Yucatan very poorly shown.

1667 BLAAUW, AMSTERDAM, YUCATAN AND GUATIMALA.
 * A very good map for the time. It shows accurately what were then thought to be the facts. Merida, Conil, Chuaca, Valladolid, Campeche, Bacalar, and Chetumal all nearly correctly placed. Just south of Merida are the YZAES and just south of them the COCOMES. The isthmus is too elongated and runs too much east and west. The Zoques given.

1671 ARNOLDUS MONTANUS, AMSTERDAM
 * A shameless “steal” from the preceding. (Montanus may, however, make acknowledgement in his text.) Practically identical with Blaauw, 1667.

1689 EDWARD WELLES, LONDON.
 * Has Merida, Valladolid, Campeachy, and Vera Pax. Also Guatimala.

1694 JAILLOT'S MAP IN ALLARD'S ATLAS MINOR.
 * Has Merida, Valladolid, Campeche, Chetumal, Salamanca, Vera Pax, etc.

ca. 1697 AVENDAÑO'S MAP. (See Plates Ia and Ib.)
 * Shows Lake Peten.

1702 ATLAS MARITIMUS NOVUS, LONDON.
 * Has coasts only. Fairly correct.

1714 or just before POPPLE, LONDON.
 * Has Merida and LAKE PETEN rightly placed.

1720 MATTEO SEUTTER, ATLAS NOVUS, AUGSBURG.
 * Very poor. Gives few names. Southern portion of Yucatan much too narrow. No lake.

1722 “PLANO DE PARTE DE LA COSTA DE YUCATHAN... LA QUE VISITÓ SU GOBERNADOR Y CAPITAN GENERAL D. ANTONIO CORTAYRE, AÑO 1721. TORRES LANZAS, i. 88.
 * Coast with Merida in south, Cacalchen Tilam in east, Sisal in west; shows possible defense of the roads. Drawn with care as to the details; colored; trees near coast.

1728 ATLAS MARITIMUS ET COMMERCIALIS, LONDON.
 * Has “Jucatan” and Campeche, but not much else.


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Rh 1729 PIERRE VANDER AA, LEYDEN.
 * Copied exactly from Blaauw, 1667, and Montanus, 1671. The Choles appear in addition to the Zoques (who are on the other two maps). Latitude and longitude have also been added.

1740 MIGUEL DE GUZMAN, PICTURE MAP OF PETEN, IN TORRES LANZAS. (See Plate II.)

1740 ATLAS NOUVEAU, BY JEAN COVENS ET CORNEILLE MORTIER (Boston Athenaeum).
 * Map of Yucatan by Popple, in colors. Has, among other places, Sisal, Quyo, Merida, Valladolid, Lago de Bacalal, Thub, Salamanca, Chuckabul, PETEN LAKE, with LAGU-ASTAL on the southern bank, Verapax, etc. Lake too far east. Cf. Popple, 1714.

1740 OTTENS, ATLAS NOUVEAU, AMSTERDAM (vol. iv.).
 * Has the Yzues between Merida and Valladolid, and the Cocomes south of them. Cf. 1656, 1667, 1671.

1746 HAZIUS AND LOWITZ, ATLAS (Harvard College Library).
 * Has a very good map of Yucatan which shows in full the results to geography of the conquest of the Itza-Peten-Quehache region in 1697. The map shows, among other places, the following: Merida, Linchanchi, Sisal, Cujo, Bocas de Conil, Valladolid, Bacalar, Campeche, CHAVICH, QUEHACHES, TIPU, BATCAB, CHANES, ITZA, PETEN O LOS REMEDIOS, CHAXAL RIVER, MOPAN, Chol, Coban, etc. LACANDON and LOS DOLORES are located northwest of the lake.

1746 PLANO Y DEMARCACIÓN DEL CAMINO Y DISTANCIA DESDE LA CIUDAD DE MERIDA DE YUCATAN HASTA LA LAGUNA DE BACALAR... DESDE EL PUEBLO DE CHUNHUHUB A LA LAGUNA AY 35 LEGUAS DE DESPOBLADO... AÑO 1746. TORRES LANZAS, i, 114.
 * Shows all the towns on the road from Merida to Bacalar.

1746 PLANO DEL RIO HONDO QUE SE COMUNICA CON LA LAGUNA DE BACALAR... TORRES LANZAS, i. 115.
 * Little detail.

1751? PLANO DE LOS TRES RIOS DE BALIZ NUEVO Y HONDO CITUADOS ENTRE EL GOLFO DULCE O PROVINCIA DE GOATEMALA, Y LA DE YUCATAN.... LA CITUACION DEL REAL PRESIDIO DE SAN PHELIPE DE BACALAR, EL CAMINO QUE DE EL VA A LA CAPITAL DE MERIDA, LA LAGUNA DEL PETEN ITZA.... TORRES LANZAS, i, 143.
 * Drawn with great detail, especially as regards coast line and islands. Northern portion of coast of Guatemala west to Peten, north to Bacalar. This is the road treated of by Villagutierre, Cogolludo, and Avendaño.

1764 JAQUES NICOLAS BELLIN, PARIS? (Cong. Lib.).
 * The northern portions of Yucatan need no comment. In the south we find: Quehaches, Chenes, Batcab, Nohukum R., Tipu, Coboxes, Lac de Puc, Chaltuna, Alain, ITZA, Mopanes, Choles, etc. The lake is too far east.


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198 1771 CARTE DU MEXIQUE, MR. BONNE M. DE MATHEM, PARIS (Harvard College Library).
 * Gives Merida, Valladolid, Campeche, Sacahuchen ( = Sahcabchen?), Tikax, Bacalar, Tzuthok, Salamanca, Sumasinta, TAVASAL, etc.

1773 ATLAS PORTATIF, BELLIN, AMSTERDAM (Harvard College Library).
 * Much like Bellin, 1764.

1779 ABBÉ MONGEZ, ATLAS, PARIS (vol ii).
 * Map of Yucatan has Merida, Valladolid (wrongly placed), Salamanca de Bacalar (wrongly placed), Quehaches, L. DE PUC with IGUASTAL in it.

1783 BRION DE LA TOUR, L'AMÉRIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE, PARIS (Cong. Lib.).
 * Much like Bellin, 1764.

1785 GUTHRIE, LONDON.
 * Lake is too far east and is not named.

1801 TOMAS LOPEZ, MADRID, MAP OF YUCATAN IN 4 SHEETS (Cong. Lib.).
 * A large and valuable map which contains many names, routes, lakes, rivers, etc. The distances and outlines of the land masses are inaccurate. There is a list of the Curatos and Visitas of Yucatan.

1854 DUDLEY, COSTELLO, MAP OF YUCATAN, in FANCOURT, 1854, and MACNUTT, 1908.
 * A clear and useful map with a few minor mistakes.

1864 V. A. MALTE-BRUN, CARTE DU YUCATAN, PARIS.
 * A reliable and invaluable modern map with many place names, routes, etc.

1878 MAPA... DE YUCATAN, POR JOAQUIN HOBBE, ANDRÉS AZNAR PEREZ Y... C. HERMANN BERENDT.
 * The best and largest and fullest map of Yucatan.

1902 GUATEMALA, BY M. HENDGES, BUREAU OF AMERICAN REPUBLICS, 1902.
 * The best map of Guatemala. It has proved very valuable.

1915 MAP OF THE REPUBLIC OF MEXICO. PAN AMERICAN UNION, 1915.
 * Also a very trustworthy map.

From the foregoing list of maps the following interesting points are to be gleaned:

1. Yucatan does not appear on any map prior to 1523-1525. From the time of its first discovery Yucatan was believed to be an island. Maps vary greatly as to what sort of an island it was.

2. In 1527 the Weimar-Spanish map shows Yucatan for the first time as a peninsula. Probably the maker of this map derived his information from someone who had been with Cortes in 1514-1525. The name Ytza appears on the isthmus; it is so faint as to be almost illegible, but I think I have deciphered it correctly.

3. From 1529 (Ribero) to 1548 (Venice “Ptolemy”) geographical


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Rh knowledge of Yucatan falls off badly. With only two exceptions (Mercator, 1536, and Santa Cruz, 1542) the maps of this period show Yucatan as an island more or less remote from the mainland. I think that the comparative accuracy of Alanso de Santa Cruz is accounted for by the fact that he was official cartographer to the crown of Castile and that he had official information of Montejo's explorations, 1516-1541.

4. From 1551 onward Yucatan is usually shown as a peninsula; but even so late as this there are exceptions such as Ferrando Berteli, 1560, and Gulielmus Nicolai, 1603, whose inaccuracies are many.

5. In Sanson d'Abbeville, 1656, the Itzas appear again, this time under the name of Yzues. They and the Cocomes are misplaced, being too far north. It is barely possible that the entradas of Fuensalida and Orbita and Delgado, 1618-1624, may have had some influence on this map.

6. In Blaauw, 1667, we have the first step toward a really accurate map of Yucatan. This map bears many place names, among them the Yzaes and the Cocomes.

7. About 1714 Henry Popple, the great London map maker, made an excellent map of the region. On it Lake Peten is rightly located. There can be but little doubt that Popple derived his information from the English in British Honduras. Through them he probably learned of the conquest of the Itzas. It is not impossible, of course, that he was also acquainted with the writings of Cogolludo and Villagutierre, but that does not seem very likely. From that time onward the Itzas have appeared regularly on the maps of that region.


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Rh


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, Padre Joseph de
 * 1792Historia natural y moral de las Indias. Madrid. 2 vols.

. Eligio
 * 1878Historia de Yucatan. Merida. 4 vols.

, Fray Andrés de
 * Relation of Two Trips to Peten. MS. translated into English by Charles P. Bowditch and Señor Rivera. (See Chaps. VIII-X.)

, Ad. F.
 * 1878On the Distribution and Tenure of Lands... among the Ancient Mexicans. 11th Annual Report of the Peabody Museum. Cambridge, Mass.

, C. Hermann
 * Itza Dialect. MS. in the Brinton Collection of the University of Pennsylvania. (See Appendix I.)

 * 1908-16 The True History of the Conquest of New Spain. Translated by A. P. Maudslay. Hakluyt Society. London. 5 vols.

, Charles P.
 * 1901Memoranda on the Maya Calendars used in the Books of Chilan Balam. Am. Anth. (N. 8.), vol. iii, pp. 129-138.
 * 1910The Numeration, Calendar Systems and Astronomical Knowledge of the Mayas. Cambridge, Mass.

, C. E.
 * 1858Histoire des nations civilizées du Mexique et de l’Amérique centrale durant les siècles antérieurs à Christophe Colomb. Paris. 4 vols.

, C. E., Editor
 * 1864Relation des choses de Yucatan de Fray Diego de Landa. Paris.

, Daniel Garrison
 * 1882The Maya Chronicles. Library of American Aboriginal Literature, vol. i. Philadelphia.
 * 1885The Annals of the Cakchiquels, Philadelphia.
 * 1885bDid Cortes Visit Palenque? Science, vol. v, p. 248.

, Fray Alonso
 * Manche and Peten. MS. translated into English by Charles P. Bowditch, Esq. and Señor Rivera. (See Chap. VII.)

, Crescencio
 * 1883Historia antigua de Yucatan, Merida.
 * 1895El comercio en Yucatan antés del descubrimiento. 11th Sess. Inter. Cong. of Americanists, pp. 203-208. Mexico.

 * Madrid, 1877.


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Rh, Francisco
 * 1914Chronica de la Nueva España. Hispanic Society of America. New York and Madrid.

, Desiré
 * 1887The Ancient Cities of the New World. Translated by J. Gonino and Helen S. Conant. New York.

, Diego L.
 * 1688Historia de Yucathan. Madrid.

, Fernando
 * 1908Five Letters of Relation from Fernando Cortes to the Emperor Charles V. Translated and edited by Francis Augustus MacNutt. New York. 2 vols.

, E. W.
 * 1892Alonso de Santa Cruz, A Spanish Geographer. Stockholm.

, Louis
 * 1915Études sur les civilizations américaines. Paris. 2 vols.

, Charles St. John
 * 1854The History of Yucatan from its Discovery to the Close of the Seventeenth Century. London.

 * 1882Historia de Guatemala (1695). Madrid.

, Diego
 * 1860Letter to Philip II (1576). Translated by E. G. Squier. New York.

, Francisco Lopez de
 * 1826Historia General de las Indias. Mexico. 2 vols.

, J. T.
 * 1897The Archaic Maya Inscriptions. London. Biologia Centrali-Americana.

, George Byros
 * 1899The Ruined City of Copan. Bull. Am. Geog. Soc., vol. xxxi, p. 39 ff. New York.

, E. T.
 * 1897Galerie américaine du Musée d'ethnographie au Trocadero. Paris.

, Antonio de
 * 1601-15Historia general de Indias. Madrid. 5 vols.

, W. H.
 * 1916The Oldest Dated American Monument. Art and Archaeology, pp. 275-278, May.

, Thomas A.
 * 1914Mexican Archaeology. 2d ed. London and New York.

, Charles-Marie de
 * 1748Quelques anciens monumens du Pérou du temps des Incas. Berlin, Académie des Sciences.

, Diego de
 * 1864See, Editor.


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204, Hipólito
 * 1893Monografias Historico-Americanas. Lima.

, Bernado de
 * 1633Historia de Yucatan. Valladolid, 1633. (Reprint by Museo Nacional, 1893, Mexico.)

, Francisco
 * See GOMARA, Francisco Lopez de.

, Tomás
 * 1801Mapa... de Yucatan. Madrid.

, Teobert
 * 1908Exploration in the Department of Peten, Guatemala.... Peabody Museum Memoirs, vol. iv, no. 2.
 * 1910Explorations in the Department of Peten, Guatemala.... Peabody Museum Memoirs, vol. iv, no. 3.

, Fray Antonio
 * See, 1912.

, Bishop of Guatemala
 * 1865Letter to the Curas of the Province of Soconusco. Documentos Ineditos, vol. iv, p. 130 ff.

, Gustavo
 * 1906Historiadores de Yucatan. Campeche.

, Peter
 * 1912De Orbe Novo. Translated and edited by Francis Augustus MacNutt. New York. 2 vols.

, Alfred Percival
 * 1889-1902Biologia Centrali-Americana. Archaeology. 4 vols. London.

, Philip Ainsworth.
 * 1917Rise of the Inca Empire. 19th Sess. Inter. Cong. of Americanists, pp. 236-252. Washington.

, Roger Bigelow
 * 1912Annals of Charles V. By Francisco Lopez de Gomara. Oxford.

, J. F.
 * 1897Historia del descubrimiento y conquista de Yucatan. Merida.

, Fernando
 * 1906Los Anales del Peru. Edited by Victor M. Maurtua. Madrid. 2 vols.

, Sylvanus Griswold
 * 1910Correlation of Maya and Christian Chronology. Am. Jour. Arch., Sec. Ser., vol. xiv, pp. 193-204.
 * 1915Introduction to the Study of Maya Hieroglyphics. Bulletin 57, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington.

, Manuel
 * 1680Historia antigua y de la conquistada de Mexico.

, Gonzalo Fernandez de
 * 1851Edition for the Academia Real by D. Jose Amador de los Rios. Madrid.

, Comte Maurice de
 * 1908Yucatan inconnu. Jour. Soc. des Americanistes de Paris, vol. v.


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Rh PI Y MARGALL, Francirco
 * 1892América en la época del descubrimiento. Ateneo de Madrid. Madrid.

REMESAL, Antonio de
 * 1620Historia general... de Chiapa y Guatemala. Madrid.

SANCHES DE LEON, Pedro
 * Apuntamientos de la historia de Guatemala. No date. Pamphlet in University of Pennsylvania Library.

SAPPER, Karl
 * 1891Ein Besuch bei den östlichen Lacandonen. Das Ausland, no. 45.
 * 1891bDie Verapaz und ihre Bewohner. Das Ausland, nos. 51-52.
 * 1904Independent Indian States of Yucatan. Bulletin 28, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington.
 * 1895Indian Settlements in Central America. Smithsonian Report. Washington.

SELER, Eduard
 * 1889Die Chronologie der Cakchiquel-Annalen. Zeit. für Ethnol., vol. xxi, Verhand, pp. 475-476.
 * 1908Die Ruinen von Chichen-Itza. Rept. 16th Sess. Inter. Cong. of Americanists, Vienna.

SOLORZANO PEREIRA, Juan de
 * 1647Política Indiana. Madrid.

SPINDEN, Herbert J.
 * 1913A Study of Maya Art. Peabody Museum Memoirs, vol. vi. Cambridge, Mass.

SQUIER, E. George
 * 1860A Letter from Garcia de Palacio to Philip II. New York.
 * 1877Incidents of Travel and Exploration in the Land of the Incas. New York.

STEPHENS, John L.
 * 1841Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan. New York. 2 vols.
 * 1843Incidents of Travel in Yucatan. New York. 2 vols.

STEVENSON, Edward Luther
 * 1903Early Maps of America.
 * 1907Map of the World by Jodocus Hondius. New York. Text and reproductions.
 * 1911Portolan Charts. New York.
 * 1914Willem Janszoon Blaeu. New York. Text and reproductions.

STOLL, Otto
 * 1884Zur Ethnographie der Republik Guatemala. Zurich.

THOMAS, Cyrus
 * 1885Was Palenque Visited by Cortes? Science, vol. v, pp. 171-172.
 * 1904Maya Calendar systems. 22d Rept. Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 197-305. Washington.

THOMPSON, Edward H.
 * 1904Archaeological Researches in Yucatan. Peabody Museum Memoirs, vol. iii, no. 1. Cambridge, Mass.


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206, Pedro
 * 1903Relación descriptiva de los Mapas... de Guatemala. Madrid.

, Juan de
 * 1723Monarquia Indiana. Madrid. 3 vols.

, Alfred Marston
 * 1907Comparative Study of the Mayas and Lacandones. New York.
 * 1911Preliminary Study of the Ruins of Tikal, Guatemala. Peabody Museum Memoirs, vol v, no. 2. Cambridge, Mass.
 * 1912A Spanish Manuscript Letter on the Lacandones. Rept. 18th Sess. Int. Cong. Am.
 * 1917The Books of Chilam Balam. Rept. 19th Sess. Inter. Cong. of Americanists.

, Jorge Juan de and Antonio de
 * 1748Relacion historica del viage a la America Meridional. Madrid. 4 vols.

, Philip J. J.
 * 1880The Katunes of Maya History. Translated by Stephen Salisbury, Jr. Proc. Am. Antiq. Society, pp. 59-61, October. Worcester.
 * 1898Pinzon-Solis, 1508. Gesell. für Erdkunde, Zeitschrift xxxiii, pp. 254-282.
 * 1902The Discovery of Yucatan by the Portuguese in 1493. An Ancient Chart. Records of the Past, vol. i, pp. 45-59.

, Juan de
 * 1701Historia de la conquista de la provincia de el Itza. Madrid.

. Charles
 * 1875Malartic Portolan. Paris.


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PLATE VI. MAP SHOWING ENTRADAS TO LAKE PETEN


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OF THE

PEABODY MUSEUM OF AMERICAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOLOGY, HARVARD UNIVERSITY

Vol. VII


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/532

512 See See Table II, c. xciv. (No. 2) ; c. cxxi. (No. 4) ; c. clxxvi (No. 3) ; c. clxxvii. (No. 5).

See Orkney and Zetland Small Piers and Harbours Act (c. 32).

See Table II., c. xcvii. (London and English Channel).

To enable Women to be elected and act as Poor Law Guardians in Ireland.

To provide for Superannuation Allowances to Poor Law Officers and Servants, and for Contributions towards such Allowances by such Officers and Servants; and to make other relative provisions. Ch. 60. E.

See Act (c. 10).

See (c. 64, 88. 9–14);  (c. 20).

See (c. 53, s. 2) ;  (c. 48, ss. 8–11, 24) ;  (c. 54, ss. 9, 10). See—


text:
Author:Charles Beard

Works

 * Outlines of Christian Doctrine 1859, 8vo.
 * Port Royal: a Contribution to the History of Religion and Literature in France 1861, 2 vols. 8vo.
 * Christianity in Common Life 1872, 12mo (addresses to working people).
 * The Soul's Way to God 1875, 8vo (sermons).
 * (tr.) Lectures on the influence of the institutions, thought and culture of Rome, on Christianity and the development of the Catholic Church (1880) by Ernest Renan
 * The Reformation … in its Relation to Modern Thought 1883, 8vo (Hibbert lecture).
 * The Universal Christ 1888, 8vo (sermons).
 * Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany until … the Diet of Worms 1879, 8vo (edited by John Frederick Smith).

title: Author:Charles Beard


text: Index:A New Survey of the West Indies or The English American his Travel by Sea and Land.djvu


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Beard, Charles


text: A New Survey of the West Indies or The English American his Travel by Sea and Land


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/66

46
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 52.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words " An Act for declaring," and ends with the words "Parliament of the said United Kingdom."
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 57.
 * An Act for the better Prevention of the Forgery of the Notes and Bills of Exchange of Persons carrying on the Business of Bankers.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 63.
 * An Act to remove Doubts respecting the Eligibility of Persons in Holy Orders to sit in the House of Commons.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 78.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words "An Act to extend the powers," and ends with the words "their charges in certain Case."
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 79.
 * An Act for the better Regulation of Public Notaries in England.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 85.
 * An Act for better Payment of Fines and Forfeitures imposed Justices out of Session in England.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 86.
 * An Act for granting to His Majesty additional Stamp Duties on Cards and Dice; on Probates of Wills; on certain Indentures, Leases, Bonds, or other Deeds ; and on Ale Licences.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 88.
 * An Act for providing Accommodations in Assize Towns for the Judges in Ireland, where such Accommodations are not already provided.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 90.
 * An Act for the more speedy and effectual Recovery of Debts due to His Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, in right of the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Inland, and for the better Administration of Justice within the same.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 103.
 * An Act ... to declare the Isle of Malta to be Part of Europe.
 * }
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 85.
 * An Act for better Payment of Fines and Forfeitures imposed Justices out of Session in England.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 86.
 * An Act for granting to His Majesty additional Stamp Duties on Cards and Dice; on Probates of Wills; on certain Indentures, Leases, Bonds, or other Deeds ; and on Ale Licences.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 88.
 * An Act for providing Accommodations in Assize Towns for the Judges in Ireland, where such Accommodations are not already provided.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 90.
 * An Act for the more speedy and effectual Recovery of Debts due to His Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, in right of the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Inland, and for the better Administration of Justice within the same.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 103.
 * An Act ... to declare the Isle of Malta to be Part of Europe.
 * }
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 90.
 * An Act for the more speedy and effectual Recovery of Debts due to His Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, in right of the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Inland, and for the better Administration of Justice within the same.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 103.
 * An Act ... to declare the Isle of Malta to be Part of Europe.
 * }
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 103.
 * An Act ... to declare the Isle of Malta to be Part of Europe.
 * }
 * }


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/67

1896.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 105.
 * An Act to authorise the Judges to whom Petitions for certain Bills shall be referred to examine Witnesses upon Oath.
 * 41 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 109.
 * An Act for consolidating in one Act certain Provisions usually inserted in Acts of Inclosure, and for facilitating the Mode of proving the several Facts usually required on the passing of such Acts.
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 46.
 * An Act the title whereof begins with the words "An Act to require overseers," and ends with the words "subsequent Acts."
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 66.
 * An Act to repeal an Act passed in the Twenty-fifth year of the reign of His present Majesty for granting stamp duties on certain medicines, and for charging other duties in lieu thereof, and for making effectual provision for the better collection of the said duties.
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 68.
 * An Act to enable his Majesty to accept and continue the Services of certain Troops or Companies of Yeomanry in Ireland.
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 72.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words "An Act for repealing an Act," and ends with the words "Defence of Great Britain."
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 85.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words " An Act for the trying," and ends with the words " to commit to safe Custody."
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 90.
 * An Act for amending the Laws relating to the Militia in England, and for augmenting the Militia.
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 9.
 * An Act to raise and establish a Militia Force in Scotland.
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 116.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words " An Act for consolidating the Provisions," and ends with the words " have been " redeemed or purchased."
 * }
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 72.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words "An Act for repealing an Act," and ends with the words "Defence of Great Britain."
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 85.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words " An Act for the trying," and ends with the words " to commit to safe Custody."
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 90.
 * An Act for amending the Laws relating to the Militia in England, and for augmenting the Militia.
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 9.
 * An Act to raise and establish a Militia Force in Scotland.
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 116.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words " An Act for consolidating the Provisions," and ends with the words " have been " redeemed or purchased."
 * }
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 9.
 * An Act to raise and establish a Militia Force in Scotland.
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 116.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words " An Act for consolidating the Provisions," and ends with the words " have been " redeemed or purchased."
 * }
 * 42 Geo. 3. U.K.c. 116.
 * An Act the title of which begins with the words " An Act for consolidating the Provisions," and ends with the words " have been " redeemed or purchased."
 * }
 * }


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/New Jersey

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/New Jersey


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/533

A.D. 1896.] —continued. *

To make further Provision with respect to Epidemic, Endemic, and Infectious Diseases, and to repeal the Acts relating to Quarantine Ch. 19. U.K.

To amend the Acts relating to Public Health in Ireland. Ch. 54. I.


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/534

514

To amend the Public Health Act with respect to the Powers of Port Sanitary Authorities. Ch. 20. E.Page , Provisional Orders under. See.

, 1878 Provisional Orders under. See.

, 1867 Provisional Orders under. See Table II., c. Ixxvii. , &c.; c.xcix. ; c. cxiv. ; c. cxv. .

See (c. 49).

For the acquisition of a Site for Public Offices in Westminster, and for purposes connected therewith. Ch. 23. E.

To grant Moneys for the purpose of certain Local Loans, and for other purposes relating to Local Loans.

Repeal of Acts relating to. See (c. 19).

, Provision for trial of Burglaries at. See (c. 67).


text:
Page:Heidelberg catechism.pdf/29

 of God; but we are children of God by adoption through grace for His sake.

And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld His glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father), full of grace and truth. John 1, 14.

But as many as received Him, to them gave He power to become the sons of God. John 1, 12.

John 8, 58.

Because, not with silver or gold, but with His precious blood, He has redeemed and purchased us, body and soul, from sin and from all the power of the Devil, to be His own.

Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God hath made that same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and Christ. Acts 2, 36.

1 Pet. 1, 18. 19. Hebr. 2, 14. 15.

What is the meaning of: Conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary?}}

That the eternal Son of God, who is and continues true and eternal God, took upon

title: Page:Heidelberg catechism.pdf/29


text: A Complete Guide to Heraldry/Chapter 1

title: A Complete Guide to Heraldry/Chapter 1


text:
Page:Heidelberg catechism.pdf/30

 Him the very nature of man, of the flesh and blood of the Virgin Mary, by the operation of the Holy Ghost; so that He also might be the true seed of David, like unto his brethren in all things, sin excepted.

And the angel answered and said unto her, The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee: therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee, shall be called the Son of God. Luk. 1, 35.

For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities: but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin. Hebr. 4, 15.

Rom. 1, 3. 4. Rom. 9, 5. John 1, 13. Phil. 2, 6. 7. Hebr. 2, 17.

That He is our Mediator, and with His innocence and perfect holiness covers, in the sight of God, my sin, wherein I was conceived.

For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus. 1 Tim. 2, 5.

Rom. 8, 3. 1 Pet. 1, 19. 2 Cor. 5, 21.

title: Page:Heidelberg catechism.pdf/30


text:
User talk:Jrusnak

Welcome
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title: User talk:Jrusnak


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text:
Skibbereen

O, father dear I oftimes hear you speak of Erin's Isle

Her lofty scenes, her valleys green, her mountains rude and wild

They say it is a lovely land wherein a prince might dwell

So why did you abandon it, the reason to me tell

My son, I loved my native land with energy and pride

Till a blight came over all my crops and my sheep and cattle died

The rents and taxes were to pay and I could not them redeem

And that's the cruel reason why I left old Skibbereen

'Tis well I do remember that bleak November (/December) day

When the bailiff and the landlord came to drive us all away

They set the roof on fire with their cursed English spleen

And that's another reason why I left old Skibbereen

Your mother, too, God rest her soul, lay on the snowy ground

She fainted in her anguishing seeing the desolation round

She never rose, but passed away from life to immortal dreams

And that's another reason why I left old Skibbereen

Then sadly I recall the days of gloomy forty-eight.

I rose in vengeance with the boys to battle again' fate.

We were hunted through the mountains as traitors to the queen,

And that, my boy, is the reason why I left old Skibbereen.

Oh you were only two years old and feeble was your frame

I could not leave you with my friends for you bore your father's name

So I wrapped you in my cóta mór at the dead of night unseen

And I heaved a sigh and I said goodbye to dear old Skibbereen

Well father dear, the day will come when on vengeance we will call

And Irishmen both stout and tall will rally unto the call

I'll be the man to lead the van beneath the flag of green

And loud and high we'll raise the cry, "Revenge for Skibbereen!"

title: Skibbereen


text:
My Love's in Germany

My luve's in Germanie, send him hame, send him hame; My luve's in Germanie, send him hame; My luve's in Germanie, Fighting brave for royalty: He may ne'er his Jeanie see— Send him hame.

He's as brave as brave can be—send him hame, send him hame; He's as brave as brave can be—send him hame; He's as brave as brave can be, He wad rather fa' than flee; His life is dear to me— Send him hame.

Your luve ne'er learnt to flee, bonnie dame, bonnie dame, Your luve ne'er learnt to flee, bonnie dame; Your luve ne'er learnt to flee, But he fell in Germanie, In the cause of royalty, Bonnie dame.

He'll ne'er come ower the sea—Willie's slain, Willie's slain; He'll ne'er come ower the sea—Willie's gane! He'll ne'er come ower the sea, Tae his luve and ain countrie: This warld's nae mair for me— Willie's gane!

title: My Love's in Germany


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/11

text of the present edition of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage is based upon a collation of volume i. of the Library Edition, 1855, with the following MSS.: (i.) the original MS. of the First and Second Cantos, in Byron's handwriting [MS. M.]; (ii.) a transcript of the First and Second Cantos, in the handwriting of R. C. Dallas [D.]; (iii.) a transcript of the Third Canto, in the handwriting of Clara Jane Clairmont [C.]; (iv.) a collection of "scraps," forming a first draft of the Third Canto, in Byron's handwriting [MS.]; (v.) a fair copy of the first draft of the Fourth Canto, together with the MS. of the additional stanzas, in Byron's handwriting [MS. M.]; (vi.) a second fair copy of the Fourth Canto, as completed, in Byron's handwriting [D.].

The text of the First and Second Cantos has also been collated with the text of the First Edition of the II.


text:
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vi First and Second Cantos (quarto, 1812); the text of the Third and of the Fourth Cantos with the texts of the First Editions of 1816 and 1818 respectively; and the text of the entire poem with that issued in the collected editions of 1831 and 1832.

Considerations of space have determined the position and arrangement of the notes.

Byron's notes to the First, Second, and Third Cantos, and Hobhouse's notes to the Fourth Canto are printed, according to precedent, at the end of each canto.

Editorial notes are placed in square brackets. Notes illustrative of the text are printed immediately below the variants. Notes illustrative of Byron's notes or footnotes are appended to the originals or printed as footnotes.

Byron's own notes to the Fourth Canto are printed as footnotes to the text.

Hobhouse's "Historical Notes" are reprinted without addition or comment; but the numerous and intricate references to classical, historical, and archæological authorities have been carefully verified, and in many instances rewritten.

In compiling the Introductions, the additional notes, and footnotes, I have endeavoured to supply the reader with a compendious manual of reference. With the subject-matter of large portions of the three distinct poems which make up the five hundred stanzas of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage every one is more or less


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/13

Rh familiar, but details and particulars are out of the immediate reach of even the most cultivated readers.

The poem may be dealt with in two ways. It may be regarded as a repertory or treasury of brilliant passages for selection and quotation; or it may be read continuously, and with some attention to the style and message of the author. It is in the belief that Childe Harold should be read continuously, and that it gains by the closest study, reassuming its original freshness and splendour, that the text as well as Byron's own notes have been somewhat minutely annotated.

In the selection and composition of the notes I have, in addition to other authorities, consulted and made use of the following editions of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage:—

i. Édition Classique, par James Darmesteter, Docteur-ès-lettres. Paris, 1882.

ii. Byron's Childe Harold, edited, with Introduction and Notes, by H. F. Tozer, M.A. Oxford, 1885 (Clarendon Press Series).

iii. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, edited by the Rev. E. C. Everard Owen, M.A. London, 1897 (Arnold's British Classics).

Particular acknowledgments of my indebtedness to these admirable works will be found throughout the volume.

I have consulted and derived assistance from Professor Eugen Kölbing's exhaustive collation of the text of the two first cantos with the Dallas Transcript in


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/14

viii the British Museum (Zur Textüberlieferung von Byron's Childe Harold, Cantos I., II. Leipsic, 1896); and I am indebted to the same high authority for information with regard to the Seventh Edition (1814) of the First and Second Cantos. (See Bemerkungen zu Byron's Childe Harold, Engl. Stud., 1896, xxi. 176-186.)

I have again to record my grateful acknowledgments to Dr. Richard Garnett, C.B., Dr. A. S. Murray, F.R.S., Mr. R. E. Graves, Mr. E. D. Butler, F.R.G.S., and other officials of the British Museum, for constant help and encouragement in the preparation of the notes to Childe Harold.

I desire to express my thanks to Dr. H. R. Mill, Librarian of the Royal Geographical Society; Mr. J. C. Baker, F.R.S., Keeper of the Herbarium and Library of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Mr. Horatio F. Brown (author of Venice, an Historical Sketch, etc.); Mr. P. A. Daniel, Mr. Richard Edgcumbe, and others, for valuable information on various points of doubt and difficulty.

On behalf of the Publisher, I beg to acknowledge the kindness of his Grace the Duke of Richmond, in permitting Cosway's miniature of Charlotte Duchess of Richmond to be reproduced for this volume.

I have also to thank Mr. Horatio F. Brown for the right to reproduce the interesting portrait of "Byron at Venice," which is now in his possession.

ERNEST HARTLEY COLERIDGE. April, 1899.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, John (fl.1780)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, John (1715?-1790?)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, John Cale


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, Joseph


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, Josiah


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/15

First Canto of Childe Harold was begun at Janina, in Albania, October 31, 1809, and the Second Canto was finished at Smyrna, March 28, 1810. The dates were duly recorded on the MS.; but in none of the letters which Byron wrote to his mother and his friends from the East does he mention or allude to the composition or existence of such a work. In one letter, however, to his mother (January 14, 1811, Letters, 1898, i. 308), he informs her that he has MSS. in his possession which may serve to prolong his memory, if his heirs and executors "think proper to publish them;" but for himself, he has "done with authorship." Three months later the achievement of Hints from Horace and The Curse of Minerva persuaded him to give "authorship" another trial; and, in a letter written on board the Volage frigate (June 28, Letters, 1898, i. 313), he announces to his literary Mentor, R. C. Dallas, who had superintended the publication of English Bards, and Scotch Reviewers, that he has "an imitation of the Ars Poetica of Horace ready for Cawthorne." Byron landed in England on July 2, and on the 15th Dallas "had the pleasure of shaking hands with him at Reddish's Hotel, St. James's Street." (Recollections of the Life of Lord Byron, 1824, p. 103). There was a crowd of visitors, says Dallas, and no time for conversation; but the Imitation was placed in his hands. He took it home, read it, and was disappointed. Disparagement was out of the question; but the next morning at breakfast Dallas ventured to express some surprise that he had written nothing else. An admission or


text: A Complete Guide to Heraldry/Chapter 2

title: A Complete Guide to Heraldry/Chapter 2


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, Lydia Falconer


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, Patrick


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, Philip


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, Ralph Willett


text:
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Rh 1812. To the reviewer's dismay, the article, which appeared before the poem was out, was shown to Byron, who was paying a short visit to his old friends at Harrow. Dallas quaked, but "as it proved no bad advertisement," he escaped censure. "The blunder passed unobserved, eclipsed by the dazzling brilliancy of the object which had caused it." (Recollections, p. 221).

Of the greater reviews, the Quarterly (No. xiii., March, 1812) was published on May 12, and the Edinburgh (No. 38, June, 1812) was published on August 5, 1812.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, Thomas (1717-1789)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, Thomas (1807-1874)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, William (1740?-1810?)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, William (1755-1846)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, William (1795-1861)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, William (1810-1872)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, William (1796-1882)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, William Allen


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Miller, William Hallowes


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Milles, Jeremiah


text: Page:A New Survey of the West Indies or The English American his Travel by Sea and Land.djvu/4


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Milles, Thomas (1671-1740)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Millhouse, Robert


text:
Page:A New Survey of the West Indies or The English American his Travel by Sea and Land.djvu/5

 A New Survey of the

OR, The English American his Travel by Sea and Land: CONTAINING A Journal of Three thousand and Three hundred Miles within the main Land of

Wherein is set forth His Voyage from Spain to S. John de Ulhua; and thence to Xalappa, to Tlaxcalla, the City of Angels, and forward to MEXICO: With the Description of that great City, as it was in former times, and also at this present. His Journey from Mexico, through the Provinces of Gua- xaca, Chiapa, Guatemala, Vera Paz, Truxillo, Comayagua, with his abode XII. years about Guatemala, especiall in the Indian Towns of Mixco, Pinola, Petapa, Amatitlan. His strange and wonderful Conversion and Calling from those remote Parts to his Native Countrey : With his Return through the Province of Nicaragua and Costa Rica, to Nicoya, Panama, Porto bello, Cartagena and Havana, with divers Occur- rents and Dangers that did befal in the said journey. A new and exact Discovery of the Spanish Navigation to those Parts : And of their Dominions, Government, Reli- gion, Forts, Castles, Ports, Havens, Commodities, Fa- shions, Behavior of Spaniards, Priests and Friers, Black-moors, Mulatto's, Mestiso's, Indians; and of their Feasts and Solemnities.

With a, or some few Rudiments of the Indian Tongue, called Poconchi or Pocoman.

The third Edition enlarged by the Author, with a new and accurate Map.

1677.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Milliken, Richard Alfred


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/22

I.

original MS. of the First and Second Cantos of Childe Harold, consisting of ninety-one folios bound up with a single bluish-grey cover, is in the possession of Mr. Murray. A transcript from this MS., in the handwriting of R. C. Dallas, with Byron's autograph corrections, is preserved in the British Museum (Egerton MSS., No. 2027). The first edition (4to) was printed from the transcript as emended by the author. The "Addition to the Preface" was first published in the Fourth Edition.

The following notes in Byron's handwriting are on the outside of the cover of the original MS.:—


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Millingen, John Gideon


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Millingen, Julius Michael


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Millington, Gilbert


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Millington, James Heath


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/27


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Millington, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Millington, Thomas


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Millington, William


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Millner, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mills, Alfred


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mills, Charles


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mills, George (1792?-1824)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mills, George (1808-1881)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mills, John (d.1736)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mills, John (d.1784?)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mills, John (1812-1873)


text: The Public General Statutes (1896)/Table VI


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mills, Richard


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/35

"L'univers est une espèce de livre, dont on n'a lu que la première page quand on n'a vu que son pays. J'en ai feuilleté un assez grand nombre, que j'ai trouvé également mauvaises. Cet examen ne m'a point été infructueux. Je haïssais ma patrie. Toutes les impertinences des peuples divers, parmi lesquels j'ai vécu, m'ont réconcilié avec elle. Quand je n'aurais tiré d'autre bénéfice de mes voyages que celui-là, je n'en regretterais ni les frais ni les fatigues."—Le Cosmopolite, ou, le Citoyen du Monde, par Fougeret de Monbron. Londres, 1753.


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/37

 [TO THE FIRST AND SECOND CANTOS.]

following poem was written, for the most part, amidst the scenes which it attempts to describe. It was begun in Albania; and the parts relative to Spain and Portugal were composed from the author's observations in those countries. Thus much it may be necessary to state for the correctness of the descriptions. The scenes attempted to be sketched are in Spain, Portugal, Epirus, Acarnania and Greece. There, for the present, the poem stops: its reception will determine whether the author may venture to conduct his readers to the capital of the East, through Ionia and Phrygia: these two cantos are merely experimental.

A fictitious character is introduced for the sake of giving some connection to the piece; which, however, makes no pretension to regularity. It has been suggested to me by friends, on whose opinions I set a high value, that in this fictitious character, "Childe Harold," I may incur the suspicion of having intended some real personage: this I beg leave, once for all, to disclaim—Harold is the child of imagination, for the purpose I have stated.

In some very trivial particulars, and those merely local,


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/43

CANTO THE FIRST.


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/131

CANTO THE SECOND.


text:
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I.

Is thy face like thy mother's, my fair child!

! sole daughter of my house and heart?


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/243

CANTO THE THIRD.

"Afin que cette application vous forçât à penser à autre chose. Il n'y a en vérité de remède que celui-là et le temps."—Lettres du Roi de Prusse et de M. D' Alembert. [Lettre cxlvi. Sept. 7, 1776.]


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/345

CANTO THE FOURTH.


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/245

 INTRODUCTION TO THE THIRD CANTO.

Third Canto of Childe Harold was begun early in May, and finished at Ouchy, near Lausanne, on the 27th of June, 1816. Byron made a fair copy of the first draft of his poem, which had been scrawled on loose sheets, and engaged the services of "Claire" (Jane Clairmont) to make a second transcription. Her task was completed on the 4th of July. The fair copy and Claire's transcription remained in Byron's keeping until the end of August or the beginning of September, when he consigned the transcription to "his friend Mr. Shelley," and the fair copy to Scrope Davies, with instructions to deliver them to Murray (see Letters to Murray, October 5, 9, 15, 1816). Shelley landed at Portsmouth, September 8, and on the 11th of September he discharged his commission.

"I was thrilled with delight yesterday," writes Murray (September 12), "by the announcement of Mr. Shelley with the MS. of Childe Harold. I had no sooner got the quiet possession of it than, trembling with auspicious hope,... I carried it ... to Mr. Gifford.... He says that what you have heretofore published is nothing to this effort.... Never, since my intimacy with Mr. Gifford, did I see him so heartily pleased, or give one fiftieth part of the praise, with one thousandth part of the warmth."

The correction of the press was undertaken by Gifford, not without some remonstrance on the part of Shelley, who maintained that "the revision of the proofs, and the retention or alteration of certain particular passages had been entrusted to his discretion" (Letter to Murray, October 30, 1816).


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/347

 INTRODUCTION TO THE FOURTH CANTO.

first draft of the Fourth Canto of Childe Harold, which embodies the original and normal conception of the poem, was the work of twenty-six days. On the 17th of June, 1817, Byron wrote to Murray: "You are out about the Third Canto: I have not done, nor designed, a line of continuation to that poem. I was too short a time at Rome for it, and have no thought of recommencing." But in spite of this assertion, "the numbers came," and on June 26 he made a beginning. Thirty stanzas "were roughened off" on the 1st of July, fifty-six were accomplished by the 9th, "ninety and eight" by the 15th, and on July 20 he announces "the completion of the fourth and ultimate canto of Childe Harold. It consists of 126 stanzas." One stanza (xl.) was appended to the fair copy. It suggested a parallel between Ariosto "the Southern Scott," and Scott "the Northern Ariosto," and excited some misgiving.

In commending his new poem to Murray (July 20, August 7), Byron notes three points in which it differed from its predecessors: it is "the longest of the four;" "it treats more of works of art than of nature;" "there are no metaphysics in it—at least, I think not." In other words, "The Fourth Canto is not a continuation of the Third. I have parted company with Shelley and Wordsworth. Subject-matter and treatment are alike new."

The poem as it stood was complete, and, as a poem, it lost as well as gained by the insertion of additional stanzas and groups of stanzas, "purple patch" on "purple patch," each by itself so attractive and so splendid. The pilgrim finds himself at Venice, on the "Bridge of Sighs." He


text:
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1.

little village of Castri stands partially on the site of Delphi. Along the path of the mountain, from Chrysso, are the remains of sepulchres hewn in and from the rock:—"One," said the guide, "of a king who broke his neck hunting." His majesty had certainly chosen the fittest spot for such an achievement.

A little above Castri is a cave, supposed the Pythian, of immense depth; the upper part of it is paved, and now a cowhouse.

On the other side of Castri stands a Greek monastery; some way above which is the cleft in the rock, with a range of caverns difficult of ascent, and apparently leading to the interior of the mountain; probably to the Corycian Cavern mentioned by Pausanias. From this part descend the fountain and the "Dews of Castalie."

[Byron and Hobhouse slept at Crissa December 15, and visited Delphi December 16, 1809.—Travels in Albania, i. 199-209.]

2.

The convent of "Our Lady of Punishment," Nossa Señora de Pena, on the summit of the rock. Below, at some


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1.

of the Acropolis was destroyed by the explosion of a magazine during the Venetian siege.

[In 1684, when the Venetian Armada threatened Athens, the Turks removed the Temple of Victory, and made use of the materials for the construction of a bastion. In the autumn of 1687, when the city was besieged by the Venetians under Francesco Morosini (1618-1694; Doge of Venice, 1688), "mortars were planted ... near the north-east corner of the rock, which threw their shells at a high angle, with a low charge, into the Acropolis.... On the 25th of September, a Venetian bomb blew up a small powder-magazine in the Propylæa, and on the following evening another fell in the Parthenon, where the Turks had deposited ... a considerable quantity of powder.... A terrific explosion took place; the central columns of the peristyle, the walls of the cella, and the immense architraves and cornices they supported, were scattered around the remains of the temple. The Propylæa had been partly destroyed in 1656 by the explosion of a magazine which was struck by lightning."—Finlay's History of Greece, 1887, i. 185.]

2.

We can all feel, or imagine, the regret with which the ruins of cities, once the capitals of empires, are beheld: the


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 TO

JOHN HOBHOUSE, ESQ., A.M., F.R.S.,

&c., &c., &c.

, January 2, 1818.

,

an interval of eight years between the composition of the first and last cantos of Childe Harold, the conclusion of the poem is about to be submitted to the public. In parting with so old a friend, it is not extraordinary that I should recur to one still older and better,—to one who has beheld the birth and death of the other, and to whom I am far more indebted for the social advantages of an enlightened friendship, than—though not ungrateful—I can, or could be, to Childe Harold, for any public favour reflected through the poem on the poet,—to one, whom I have known long, and accompanied far, whom I have found wakeful over my sickness and kind in my sorrow, glad in my prosperity and firm in my adversity, true in counsel and trusty in peril,—to a friend often tried and never found wanting;—to yourself.

In so doing, I recur from fiction to truth; and in dedicating to you in its complete, or at least concluded state, a poetical work which is the longest, the most thoughtful and comprehensive of my compositions, I wish to do honour to myself by the record of many years' intimacy with a man of learning, of talent, of steadiness, and of honour. It is not


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 TO IANTHE.

in those climes where I have late been straying,

Though Beauty long hath there been matchless deemed,

Not in those visions to the heart displaying

Forms which it sighs but to have only dreamed,

Hath aught like thee in Truth or Fancy seemed:

Nor, having seen thee, shall I vainly seek

To paint those charms which varied as they beamed—


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 A ROMAUNT.

I.

, thou! in Hellas deemed of heavenly birth,

Muse! formed or fabled at the Minstrel's will!

Since shamed full oft by later lyres on earth,

Mine dares not call thee from thy sacred Hill:

Yet there I've wandered by thy vaunted rill;

Yes! sighed o'er Delphi's long deserted shrine,N1


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1.

of place" is a term of falconry, and means the highest pitch of flight. See Macbeth, etc.—

2.

See the famous song on Harmodius and Aristogeiton. The best English translation is in Bland's Anthology, by Mr. Denman—

[Translations chiefly from the Greek Anthology, etc., 1806, pp. 24, 25. The Scholium, attributed to Callistratus (Poetæ Lyrici Græci, Bergk. Lipsiæ, 1866, p. 1290), begins thus—


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316 CHILDE HAROLD, CANTO IV.

. [MS. M.]

[June 26—July 19. 1817.]


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I.

in Venice, on the "Bridge of Sighs; N1

A Palace and a prison on each hand:

I saw from out the wave her structures rise

As from the stroke of the Enchanter's wand:


text: Page:A New Survey of the West Indies or The English American his Travel by Sea and Land.djvu/6


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1.

communication between the ducal palace and the prisons of Venice is by a gloomy bridge, or covered gallery, high above the water, and divided by a stone wall into a passage and a cell. The state dungeons called pozzi, or wells, were sunk in the thick walls of the palace: and the prisoner, when taken out to die, was conducted across the gallery to the other side, and being then led back into the other compartment, or cell, upon the bridge, was there strangled. The low portal through which the criminal was taken into this cell is now walled up; but the passage is still open, and is still known by the name of the "Bridge of Sighs." The pozzi are under the flooring of the chamber at the foot of the bridge. They were formerly twelve; but on the first arrival of the French, the Venetians hastily blocked or broke up the deeper of these dungeons. You may still, however, descend by a trap-door, and crawl down through holes, half choked by rubbish, to the depth of two stories below the first range. If you are in want of consolation for the extinction of patrician power, perhaps you may find it there; scarcely a ray of light glimmers into the narrow gallery which leads to the cells, and the places of confinement themselves are totally dark. A small hole in the wall admitted the damp air of the


text: Author:Ronald Wilson Reagan/National Security Study Directives


text: Author:Ronald Wilson Reagan/National Security Decision Directives


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text: A Complete Guide to Heraldry/Chapter 3

title: A Complete Guide to Heraldry/Chapter 3


text: Author:John Fitzgerald Kennedy/National Security Action Memorandums


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 2/Childe Harold's Pilgrimage


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 the historian who has transmitted to us the record of Justinian’s work, and its chief interest to us now is that it forms the model on which the church of St Mark at Venice was based, when it was restored, added to, and almost rebuilt about 1063.

The church of St Sophia was not only the finest of its kind at the time of its erection, but no building approaching it has ever been built since in the Byzantine style, nor does much seem to have been done for two or three centuries afterwards. At the same time the erection of new churches must have been going on, because there are certain changes in design, the results probably of many trials. The difficulty of obtaining sufficient light in domes of small diameter led to the windows being placed in vertical drums, of which the earliest example is that of the western dome of St Irene at Constantinople, rebuilt 718–740. This simplified the construction and externally added to the effect of the church. The greatest change, however, which took place, arose in consequence of the comparatively small dimensions given to the central dome, which rendered it necessary to provide more space in another way, by increasing the area on each side, so that the plan developed into what is known as the Greek cross, in which the four arms are almost equal in dimensions to the central dome, and were covered with barrel vaults which amply resisted its thrust. In front of the church a narthex and sometimes an exonarthex was added, which was of greater width than the church itself, as in the churches (both in Constantinople) of the Theotokos and of Chora ( 1080). The latter, better known as the “mosaic mosque,” on account of its splendid decoration in that material, is of special interest, because in the five arches of its façade we find the same design as that which originally constituted the front of the lower part of St Mark’s at Venice, before it was encrusted with the marble casing and the plethora of marble columns and capitals brought over from Constantinople.

Sometimes an additional church was built adjoining the first church and dedicated to the immaculate Virgin, as in the church of St Mary Panachrantos, Constantinople, the church of St Luke of Stiris, Phocis, and the church in the island of Paros. In the last-named church the apse still retains its marble seats, rising one above the other, with the bishop’s throne in the centre. In addition to the churches already mentioned in Constantinople, there are still some which have been appropriated by the Turks and utilized as mosques. At Mount Athos there are a large number of Greek churches, ranging from the 10th to the 16th centuries, which are attached to the monasteries. At Athens one of the most beautiful examples is preserved in the Catholicon or cathedral, the materials of which were taken from older classical buildings. This cathedral measures only 40 ft. by 25 ft., and is now overpowered by the new cathedral erected close by.

The external design of the Byzantine churches, as a rule, is extremely simple, but it owes its quality to the fact that its features are those which arise out of the natural construction of the church. The domes, the semi-domes over the apses, and the barrel vaults over other parts of the church, appear externally as well as internally, and as they are all covered with lead or with tiles, laid direct on the vaults, they give character to the design and an extremely picturesque effect. The same principle is observed in the doorways and windows, to which importance is given by accentuating their constructive features. The arches, always in brick, are of two orders or rings of arches set one behind the other, and the voussoirs, alternately in brick and stone, have the most pleasing effect. The same simple treatment is given to the walls by the horizontal courses of bricks or tiles, alternating with the stone courses. In the apse of the church of the Apostles at Salonica, variety is given by the interlacing of brick patterns. This elaboration of the surface decoration is carried still further in the palace of Hebdomon at Blachernae, in Constantinople, built by Constantine Porphyrogenitus (913–949), where the spandrils of the arches are inlaid with a mosaic of bricks in various colours arranged in various patterns.

There would seem to have been a revival in the 11th century, possibly a reflex of that which was taking place in Europe, and it is to this period we owe the churches of St Luke in Phocis, the church at Daphne, and the churches of St Nicodemus and St Theodore in Athens. The finest example of brick patterns is that which is found in the church of St Luke of Stiris, attached to the monastery in the province of Phocis, north of the Gulf of Corinth, of which an admirable monograph was published in 1901 by the committee of the British School at Athens, illustrated by measured drawings of the plans, elevations, sections and mosaics by Messrs Schultz and Barnsley, with a detailed description. The church of St Luke of Stiris is one of those already referred to, where a second church dedicated to the Holy Virgin has been added, but in this case, according to Messrs Schultz and Barnsley, on the site of a more ancient church of which the narthex alone was retained. The plan of the great church differs from the ordinary Greek cross in that the arms of the cross are of much less width than the central domed square, and arches being thrown across the angles carry eight pendentives instead of four. On the east side the Diaconicon and Prothesis are included in the width of the domed portion instead of forming the eastern termination of the aisles. The churches at Daphne in Attica and of St Nicodemus at Athens have a similar plan.

The decoration of the smaller church of St Luke of Stiris is of the most elaborate character, bright patterns of infinite variety alternating with the brick courses, and as blocks of marble, removed from the site of the old city near, were available, they have been utilized in various parts of the structure and richly carved. The church at Mistra in the Peloponnesus, 13th century, built in the side of a hill, is one of the most picturesque examples, and is almost the only example in which a tower is to be found.

Armenia.—One other phase of the Byzantine style has still to be mentioned, the development of church architecture in Armenia, which follows very much on the same lines as that of the Greek church, with a central dome on the crossing, a narthex at the west end and a triapsal east end. In two churches at Echmiadzin and Kutais there are transeptal apses in addition to those at the east end. One of the differences to be noted is that the domes and roofs are generally in stone externally, and this has led to another change; the domes, though hemispherical inside, have conical roofs over them. There is also a greater admixture of styles, the Persian, Byzantine and Romanesque phases entering into the design; the last was probably derived from the churches of central Syria, as the Armenians were the only race who seem to have penetrated there, and the finest example, at Kalat Seman, was at one time in their possession. The church at Dighur near Ani, of the 7th century, also probably owes its classical details to the work in central Syria. The most important example of the Armenian style is found in the cathedral at Ani, the capital of Armenia, dating from 1010. In this church pointed arches and coupled piers are found, with all the characteristics of a complete pointed-arch style, which, as Fergusson remarks, “might be found in Italy or Sicily in the 12th or 14th century.” Externally the walls are decorated with lofty blind arcades similar to those in the cathedral at Pisa and other churches in the same town, which are probably fifty years later. The elaborate fret carving of the window dressings and hood moulds are probably borrowed from the tile decoration found in Persia.

Russia.—The architecture of Russia is only a somewhat degraded version of the style of the Byzantine empire. The earliest buildings of importance are the cathedrals of Kiev and Novgorod, 1019–1054. The original church of Kiev consisted of nave, with triple aisles each side, the piers in which are of enormous size, a transept and square bays of the choir beyond, each with deep apsidal chapels. Externally the chief features are the bulbous domes adopted from the Tatars, which sometimes assume great dimensions. Internally, the chief feature is the Iconostasis, which corresponds to the English rood screen, except that in Russia it forms a complete separation between the church and the sanctuary with its altar.

One of the most remarkable churches is that of St Basil at Moscow (1534–1584), which in plan looks like a central hall, surrounded by eight other halls of smaller dimensions, all separated one from the

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 02.djvu/408


text: Author:Richard Milhous Nixon/National Security Study Memorandums


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User:Tdrss

Sourcing
I'm huge on sourcing. If there's not a primary or secondary source, then the information is original research. While not evil, original research doesn't have a place on a wiki.

Working On
I am so dismayed at the state of the U.S. Governments documents - not that every piece of paper should be wikified, but these listed below are vital to the inner workings of our government... yet, I have to comb Hell and High water to find a copy of it. Not if I (or wikisource) can help it.

Reagan

 * Author:Ronald Reagan/National Security Decision Directives
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Carter

 * Author:Jimmy Carter/Presidential Review Memorandums

Nixon

 * Author:Richard Nixon/National Security Study Memorandums
 * Author:Richard Nixon/National Security Decision Memorandums

Kennedy

 * Author:John F. Kennedy/National Security Action Memorandums

title: User:Tdrss


text: Author:Richard Milhous Nixon/National Security Decision Memorandums


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x confession followed that "he had occasionally written short poems, besides a great many stanzas in Spenser's measure, relative to the countries he had visited." "They are not," he added, "worth troubling you with, but you shall have them all with you if you like." "So," says Dallas, "came I by Childe Harold. He took it from a small trunk, with a number of verses."

Dallas was "delighted," and on the evening of the same day (July 16)—before, let us hope, and not after, he had consulted his "Ionian friend," Walter Rodwell Wright (see Recollections, p. 151, and Diary of H. C. Robinson, 1872, i. 17)—he despatched a letter of enthusiastic approval, which gratified Byron, but did not convince him of the extraordinary merit of his work, or of its certainty of success. It was, however, agreed that the MS. should be left with Dallas, that he should arrange for its publication and hold the copyright. Dallas would have entrusted the poem to Cawthorne, who had published English Bards, and Scotch Reviewers, and with whom, as Byron's intermediary, he was in communication; but Byron objected on the ground that the firm did not "stand high enough in the trade," and Longmans, who had been offered but had declined the English Bards, were in no case to be approached. An application to Miller, of Albemarle Street, came to nothing, because Miller was Lord Elgin's bookseller and publisher (he had just brought out the Memorandum on Lord Elgin's Pursuits in Greece), and Childe Harold denounced and reviled Lord Elgin. But Murray, of Fleet Street, who had already expressed a wish to publish for Lord Byron, was willing to take the matter into consideration. On the first of August Byron lost his mother, on the third his friend Matthews was drowned in the Cam, and for some weeks he could devote neither time nor thought to the fortunes of his poem; but Dallas had bestirred himself, and on the eighteenth was able to report that he had "seen Murray again," and that Murray was anxious that Byron's name should appear on the title-page.

To this request Byron somewhat reluctantly acceded (August 21); and a few days later (August 25) he informs Dallas that he has sent him "exordiums, annotations, etc.,


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Rh for the forthcoming quarto," and has written to Murray, urging him on no account to show the MS. to Juvenal, that is, Gifford. But Gifford, as a matter of course, had been already consulted, had read the First Canto, and had advised Murray to publish the poem. Byron was, or pretended to be, furious; but the solid fact that Gifford had commended his work acted like a charm, and his fury subsided. On the fifth of September (Letters, 1898, ii. 24, note) he received from Murray the first proof, and by December 14 "the Pilgrimage was concluded," and all but the preface had been printed and seen through the press.

The original draft of the poem, which Byron took out of "the little trunk" and gave to Dallas, had undergone considerable alterations and modifications before this date. Both Dallas and Murray took exception to certain stanzas which, on personal, or patriotic, or religious considerations, were provocative and objectionable. They were apprehensive, not only for the sale of the book, but for the reputation of its author. Byron fought his ground inch by inch, but finally assented to a compromise. He was willing to cut out three stanzas on the Convention of Cintra, which had ceased to be a burning question, and four more stanzas at the end of the First Canto, which reflected on the Duke of Wellington, Lord Holland, and other persons of less note. A stanza on Beckford in the First Canto, and two stanzas in the second on Lord Elgin, Thomas Hope, and the "Dilettanti crew," were also omitted. Stanza ix. of the Second Canto, on the immortality of the soul, was recast, and "sure and certain" hopelessness exchanged for a pious, if hypothetical, aspiration. But with regard to the general tenor of his politics and metaphysics, Byron stood firm, and awaited the issue.

There were additions as well as omissions. The first stanza of the First Canto, stanzas xliii. and xc., which celebrate the battles of Albuera and Talavera; the stanzas to the memory of Charles Skinner Matthews, nos. xci., xcii.; and stanzas ix., xcv., xcvi. of the Second Canto, which record Byron's grief for the death of an unknown lover or friend, apparently (letter to Dallas, October 31, 1811) the mysterious Thyrza, and others (vide post, note on the MSS. of


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12

Q. Who governs an Empire? A. An Emperor.

Q. Who governs a Kingdom? A. A King or a Queen.

Q. Who governs a Republic? A. Men elected by the People.

Q. Which is the largest Empire in the world? A. Russia.

Q. Which is the largest Kingdom in the world? A. Great Britain.

Q. Which is the largest Republic in the world? A. The United States.


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xii the First and Second Cantos of Childe Harold), were composed at Newstead, in the autumn of 1811. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, quarto, was published on Tuesday, March 10, 1812—Moore (Life, p. 157) implies that the date of issue was Saturday, February 29; and Dallas (Recollections, p. 220) says that he obtained a copy on Tuesday, March 3 (but see advertisements in the Times and Morning Chronicle of Thursday, March 5, announcing future publication, and in the Courier and Morning Chronicle of Tuesday, March 10, announcing first appearance)—and in three days an edition of five hundred copies was sold. A second edition, octavo, with six additional poems (fourteen poems were included in the First Edition), was issued on April 17; a third on June 27; a fourth, with the "Addition to the Preface," on September 14; and a fifth on December 5, 1812,—the day on which Murray "acquainted his friends" (see advertisement in the Morning Chronicle) that he had removed from Fleet Street to No. 50, Albemarle Street. A sixth edition, identical with the fifth and fourth editions, was issued August 11, 1813; and, on February 1, 1814 (see letter to Murray, February 4, 1814), Childe Harold made a "seventh appearance." The seventh edition was a new departure altogether. Not only were nine poems added to the twenty already published, but a dedication to Lady Charlotte Harley ("Ianthe"), written in the autumn of 1812, was prefixed to the First Canto, and ten additional stanzas were inserted towards the end of the Second Canto. Childe Harold, as we have it, differs to that extent from the Childe Harold which, in a day and a night, made Byron "famous." The dedication to Ianthe was the outcome of a visit to Eywood, and his devotion to Ianthe's mother, Lady Oxford; but the new stanzas were probably written in 1810. In a letter to Dallas, September 7, 1811 (Letters, 1898, ii. 28), he writes, "I had projected an additional canto when I was in the Troad and Constantinople, and if I saw them again, it would go on." This seems to imply that a beginning had been made. In a poem, a hitherto unpublished fragment entitled Il Diavolo Inamorato (vide post, vol. iii.), which is dated August 31, 1812, five stanzas and a half, viz. stanzas lxxiii. lines 5-9, lxxix., lxxx., lxxxi., lxxxii., xxvii. of the Second Canto of Childe Harold are imbedded; and these