text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Collyer, William Bengo


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colman of Cloyne

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: User talk:XQr1564546

title: User talk:XQr1564546


text:
Page:Weird Tales volume 28 number 03.djvu/71

Rh on both sides fought as madly as the men, and already the room and the hall beyond were strewn with corpses.

Olmec, naked but for a breech-clout, was fighting before his throne, and as the adventurers entered, Tascela ran from an inner chamber with a sword in her hand.

Xatmec and his mate were dead, so there was none to tell the Tecuhltli how their foes had found their way into their citadel. Nor was there any to say what had prompted that mad attempt. But the losses of the Xotalancas had been greater, their position more desperate, than the Tecuhltli had known. The maiming of their scaly ally, the destruction of the Burning Skull, and the news, gasped by a dying man, that mysterious white-skin allies had joined their enemies, had driven them to the frenzy of desperation and the wild determination to die dealing death to their ancient foes.

The Tecuhltli, recovering from the first stunning shock of the surprize that had swept them back into the throneroom and littered the floor with their corpses, fought back with an equally desperate fury, while the door-guards from the lower floors came racing to hurl themselves into the fray. It was the death-fight of rabid wolves, blind, panting, merciless. Back and forth it surged, from door to dais, blades whickering and striking into flesh, blood spurting, feet stamping the crimson floor where redder pools were forming. Ivory tables crashed over, seats were splintered, velvet hangings torn down were stained red. It was the bloody climax of a bloody half-century, and every man there sensed it.

But the conclusion was inevitable. The Tecuhltli outnumbered the invaders almost two to one, and they were heartened by that fact and by the entrance into the mêlée of their light-skinned allies.

These crashed into the fray with the devastating effect of a hurricane plowing through a grove of saplings. In sheer strength no three Tlazitlans were a match for Conan, and in spite of his weight he was quicker on his feet than any of them. He moved through the whirling, eddying mass with the surety and destructiveness of a gray wolf amidst a pack of alley curs, and he strode over a wake of crumpled figures.

Valeria fought beside him, her lips smiling and her eyes blazing. She was stronger than the average man, and far quicker and more ferocious. Her sword was like a living thing in her hand. Where Conan beat down opposition by the sheer weight and power of his blows, breaking spears, splitting skulls and cleaving bosoms to the breastbone, Valeria brought into action a finesse of swordplay that dazzled and bewildered her antagonists before it slew them. Again and again a warrior, heaving high his heavy blade, found her point in his jugular before he could strike. Conan, towering above the field, strode through the welter smiting right and left, but Valeria moved like an illusive phantom, constantly shifting, and thrusting and slashing as she shifted. Swords missed her again and again as the wielders flailed the empty air and died with her point in their hearts or throats, and her mocking laughter in their ears.

Neither sex nor condition was considered by the maddened combatants. The five women of the Xotalancas were down with their throats cut before Conan and Valeria entered the fray, and when a man or woman went down under the stamping feet, there was always a knife ready for the helpless throat, or a sandaled foot eager to crush the prostrate skull.

From wall to wall, from door to door rolled the waves of combat, spilling over into adjoining chambers. And presently only Tecuhltli and their white-skinned allies stood upright in the great


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colman, Ela


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colman


text:
Page:Weird Tales volume 28 number 03.djvu/72

338. The survivors stared bleakly and blankly at each other, like survivors after Judgment Day or the destruction of the world. On legs wide-braced, hands gripping notched and dripping swords, blood trickling down their arms, they stared at one another across the mangled corpses of friends and foes. They had no breath left to shout, but a bestial mad howling rose from their lips. It was not a human cry of triumph. It was the howling of a rabid wolf-pack stalking among the bodies of its victims.

Conan caught Valeria's arm and turned her about.

"You've got a stab in the calf of your leg," he growled.

She glanced down, for the first time aware of a stinging in the muscles of her leg. Some dying man on the floor had fleshed his dagger with his last effort.

"You look like a butcher yourself," she laughed.

He shook a red shower from his hands.

"Not mine. Oh, a scratch here and there. Nothing to bother about. But that calf ought to be bandaged."

LMEC came through the litter, looking like a ghoul with his naked massive shoulders splashed with blood, and his black beard dabbled in crimson. His eyes were red, like the reflection of flame on black water.

"We have won!" he croaked dazedly. "The feud is ended! The dogs of Xotalanc lie dead! Oh, for a captive to flay alive! Yet it is good to look upon their dead faces. Twenty dead dogs! Twenty red nails for the black column!"

"You'd best see to your wounded," grunted Conan, turning away from him. "Here, girl, let me see that leg."

"Wait a minute!" she shook him off impatiently. The fire of fighting still burned brightly in her soul. "How do we know these are all of them? These might have come on a raid of their own."

"They would not split the clan on a foray like this," said Olmec, shaking his head, and regaining some of his ordinary intelligence. Without his purple robe the man seemed less like a prince than some repellent beast of prey. "I will stake my head upon it that we have slain them all. There were less of them than I dreamed, and they must have been desperate. But how came they in Tecuhltli?"

Tascela came forward, wiping her sword on her naked thigh, and holding in her other hand an object she had taken from the body of the feathered leader of the Xotalancas.

"The pipes of madness," she said. "A warrior tells me that Xatmec opened the door to the Xotalancas and was cut down as they stormed into the guardroom. This warrior came to the guardroom from the inner hall just in time to see it happen and to hear the last of a weird strain of music which froze his very soul. Tolkemec used to talk of these pipes, which the Xuchotlans swore were hidden somewhere in the catacombs with the bones of the ancient wizard who used them in his lifetime. Somehow the dogs of Xotalanc found them and learned their secret."

"Somebody ought to go to Xotalanc and see if any remain alive," said Conan. "I'll go if somebody will guide me."

Olmec glanced at the remnants of his people. There were only twenty left alive, and of these several lay groaning on the floor. Tascela was the only one of the Tecuhltli who had escaped without a wound. The princess was untouched, though she had fought as savagely as any.

"Who will go with Conan to Xotalanc?" asked Olmec.

Techotl limped forward. The wound


text:
Page:The Mystery of the Sea.djvu/21

Rh falls again all round, forming a sort of wide miniature hill of some eighteen or twenty acres. Of this the southern side is sheer, the black rock dipping into the waters of the little bay of Whinnyfold, in the centre of which is a picturesque island of rock shelving steeply from the water on the northern side, as is the tendency of all the gneiss and granite in this part. But to east and north there are irregular bays or openings, so that the furthest points of the promontory stretch out like fingers. At the tips of these are reefs of sunken rock falling down to deep water and whose existence can only be suspected in bad weather when the rush of the current beneath sends up swirling eddies or curling masses of foam. These little bays are mostly curved and are green where falling earth or drifting sand have hidden the outmost side of the rocks and given a foothold to the seagrass and clover. Here have been at some time or other great caves, now either fallen in or silted up with sand, or obliterated with the earth brought down in the rush of surface-water in times of long rain. In one of these bays, Broad Haven, facing right out to the Skares, stands an isolated pillar of rock called locally the "Puir mon" through whose base, time and weather have worn a hole through which one may walk dryshod.

Through the masses of rocks that run down to the sea from the sides and shores of all these bays are here and there natural channels with straight edges as though cut on purpose for the taking in of the cobbles belonging to the fisher folk of Whinnyfold.

When first I saw the place I fell in love with it. Had it been possible I should have spent my summer there, in a house of my own, but the want of any place in which to live forbade such an opportunity. So I stayed in the little hotel, the Kilmarnock Arms.

The next year I came again, and the next, and the

title: Page:The Mystery of the Sea.djvu/21


text: User talk:Shazrios

title: User talk:Shazrios


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colman, George (1732-1794)


text:
Page:Weird Tales volume 28 number 03.djvu/73

Rh in his thigh had started bleeding afresh, and he had another gash across his ribs.

"I will go!"

"No, you won't," vetoed Conan. "And you're not going either, Valeria. In a little while that leg will be getting stiff."

"I will go," volunteered a warrior, who was knotting a bandage about a slashed forearm.

"Very well, Yanath. Go with the Cimmerian. And you, too, Topal." Olmec indicated another man whose injuries were slight. "But first aid us to lift the badly wounded on these couches where we may bandage their hurts."

This was done quickly. As they stooped to pick up a woman who had been stunned by a war-club, Olmec's beard brushed Topal's ear. Conan thought the prince muttered something to the warrior, but he could not be sure. A few moments later he was leading his companions down the hall.

Conan glanced back as he went out the door, at that shambles where the dead lay on the smoldering floor, blood-stained dark limbs knotted in attitudes of fierce muscular effort, dark faces frozen in masks of hate, glassy eyes glaring up at the green fire- jewels which bathed the ghastly scene in a dusky emerald witch-light. Among the dead the living moved aimlessly, like people moving in a trance. Conan heard Olmec call a woman and direct her to bandage Valeria's leg. The pirate followed the woman into an adjoining chamber, already beginning to limp slightly.

ARILY the two Tecuhltli led Conan along the hall beyond the bronze door, and through chamber after chamber shimmering in the green fire. They saw no one, heard no sound. After they crossed the Great Hall which bisected the city from north to south, their caution was increased by the realization of their nearness to enemy territory. But chambers and halls lay empty to their wary gaze, and they came at last along a broad dim hallway and halted before a bronze door similar to the Eagle Door of Tecuhltli. Gingerly they tried it, and it opened silently under their fingers. Awed, they stared into the green-lit chambers beyond. For fifty years no Tecuhltli had entered those halls save as a prisoner going to a hideous doom. To go to Xotalanc had been the ultimate horror that could befall a man of the western castle. The terror of it had stalked through their dreams since earliest childhood. To Yanath and Topal that bronze door was like the portal of hell.

They cringed back, unreasoning horror in their eyes, and Conan pushed past them and strode into Xotalanc.

Timidly they followed him. As each man set foot over the threshold he stared and glared wildly about him. But only their quick, hurried breathing disturbed the silence.

They had come into a square guardroom, like that behind the Eagle Door of Tecuhltli, and, similarly, a hall ran away from it to a broad chamber that was a counterpart of Olmec's throneroom.

Conan glanced down the hall with its rugs and divans and hangings, and stood listening intently. He heard no noise, and the rooms had an empty feel. He did not believe there were any Xotalancas left alive in Xuchotl.

"Come on," he muttered, and started down the hall.

He had not gone far when he was aware that only Yanath was following him. He wheeled back to see Topal standing in an attitude of horror, one arm out as if to fend off some threatening peril, his distended eyes fixed with hypnotic intensity on something protruding from behind a divan.

"What the devil?" Then Conan saw


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colman, George (1762-1836)


title: User:Lenny09742


text:
Page:The Mystery of the Sea.djvu/22

8 next. And then I arranged to take a feu at Whinnyfold and to build a house overlooking the Skares for myself. The details of this kept me constantly going to Whinnyfold, and my house to be was always in my thoughts.

Hitherto my life had been an uneventful one. At school I was, though secretly ambitious, dull as to results. At College I was better off, for my big body and athletic powers gave me a certain position in which I had to overcome my natural shyness. When I was about eight and twenty I found myself nominally a barrister, with no knowledge whatever of the practice of law and but little less of the theory, and with a commission in the Devil's Own—the irreverent name given to the Inns of Court Volunteers. I had few relatives, but a comfortable, though not great, fortune; and I had been round the world, dilettante fashion.

title: Page:The Mystery of the Sea.djvu/22


text:
User:MistyMorn

Hi. I'm MistyMorn on en.wp (mainly)

title: User:MistyMorn


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colman, Walter


text:
Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/28

10 as phonetic. The latter portion is said to have been the original character, moon being added as a differentia when the written language began to grow. Yu is the root idea of being and possession, q.d. to exist, to have, which senses have been fancifully derived from the moon present, not eclipsed. Read, it means plus.

I is composed of 羊 yang sheep above 我 wo I = my sheep, and points towards a great obligation in primitive ages. It can be best rendered in philosophy by duty towards one's neighbour. Thus it came to mean something provided from a sense of duty, as a burying-ground for the poor, troops to defend the people's liberties, etc. It also signifies meaning, purport.

Fang originally meant, and is supposed to be a picture of, two boats joined together. Then it came to mean square, and by extension a place. Here it stands for the colloquial 方法 fang fa a means of doing. For an adverbial sense, see.

Chiao see.

Wu was originally written, and for short. It is now classed under radical 二 êrh two, representing heaven above and earth below, the cross lines shewing the interaction of the male and female principles of Chinese cosmogony.

Tzŭ see.

Ming is composed of 夕 hsi evening and 口 k'ou mouth


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colnaghi, Dominic Paul


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colnaghi, Paul


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colonia, Adam de


text:
Page:Weird Tales volume 28 number 03.djvu/74

340 what Topal was stating at, and he felt a faint twitching of the skin between his giant shoulders. A monstrous head protruded from behind the divan, a reptilian head, broad as the head of a crocodile, with down-curving fangs that projected over the lower jaw. But there was an unnatural limpness about the thing, and the hideous eyes were glazed.

Conan peered behind the couch. It was a great serpent which lay there limp in death, but such a serpent as he had never seen in his wanderings. The reek and chill of the deep black earth were about it, and its color was an indeterminable hue which changed with each new angle from which he surveyed it. A great wound in the neck showed what had caused its death.

"It is the Crawler!" whispered Yanath.

"It's the thing I slashed on the stair," grunted Conan. "After it trailed us to the Eagle Door, it dragged itself here to die. How could the Xotalancas control such a brute?"

The Tecuhltli shivered and shook their heads.

"They brought it up from the black runnels below the catacombs. They discovered secrets unknown to Tecuhltli."

"Well, it's dead, and if they'd had any more of them, they'd have brought them along when they came to Tecuhltli. Come on."

They crowded close at his heels as he strode down the hail and thrust on the silver-worked door at the other end.

"If we don't find anybody on this floor," he said, "we'll descend into the lower floors. We'll explore Xotalanc from the roof to the catacombs. If Xotalanc is like Tecuhltli, all the rooms and halls in this tier will be lighted—what the devil!"

They had come into the broad throne-chamber, so similar to that one in Tecuhltli. There were the same jade dais and ivory seat, the same divans, rugs and hangings on the walls. No black, red scarred column stood behind the throne-dais, but evidences of the grim feud were not lacking.

Ranged along the wall behind the dais were rows of glass-covered shelves. And on those shelves hundreds of human heads, perfectly preserved, stared at the startled watchers with emotionless eyes, as they had stared for only the gods knew how many months and years.

OPAL muttered a curse, but Yanath stood silent, the mad light growing in his wide eyes. Conan frowned, knowing that Tlazitlan sanity was hung on a hair-trigger.

Suddenly Yanath pointed to the ghastly relics with a twitching finger.

"There is my brother's head!" he murmured. "And there is my father's younger' brother! And there beyond them is my, sister's eldest son!"

Suddenly he began to weep, dry-eyed, with harsh, loud sobs that shook his frame. He did not take his eyes from the heads. His sobs grew shriller, changed to frightful, high-pitched laughter, and that in turn became an unbearable screaming. Yanath was stark mad.

Conan laid a hand on his shoulder, and as if the touch had released all the frenzy in his soul, Yanath screamed and whirled, striking at the Cimmerian with his sword. Conan parried the blow, and Topal tried to catch Yanath's arm. But the madman avoided him and with froth flying from his lips, he drove his sword deep into Topal's body. Topal sank down with a groan, and Yanath whirled for an instant like a crazy dervish; then he ran at the shelves and began hacking at the glass with his sword, screeching blasphemously.

Conan sprang at him from behind, trying to catch him unaware and disarm him, but the madman wheeled and lunged at


text:
User:Medic

Hi there!

I'm an avid editor of Wikipedia, especially the danish edition. I'll visit this project occasionally, but to be certain to catch my attention please direct any comment (particularly if urgent) to my talk page there.

See ya around!

/Medic

title: User:Medic


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Coloribus, John de


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colpoys, John


text:
Page:Weird Tales volume 28 number 03.djvu/75

Rh him, screaming like a lost soul. Realizing that the warrior was hopelessly insane, the Cimmerian side-stepped, and as the maniac went past, he swung a cut that severed the shoulder-bone and breast, and dropped the man dead beside his dying victim.

Conan bent over Topal, seeing that the man was at his last gasp. It was useless to seek to stanch the blood gushing from the horrible wound.

"You're done for, Topal," grunted Conan. "Any word you want to send to your people?"

"Bend closer," gasped Topal, and Conan complied— and an instant later caught the man's wrist as Topal struck at his breast with a dagger.

"Crom!" swore Conan. "Are you mad, too?"

"Olmec ordered it!" gasped the dying man. "I know not why. As we lifted the wounded upon the couches he whispered to me, bidding me to slay you as we returned to Tecuhltli——" And with the name of his clan on his lips, Topal died.

Conan scowled down at him in puzzlement. This whole affair had an aspect of lunacy. Was Olmec mad, too? Were all the Tecuhltli madder than he had realized? With a shrug of his shoulders he strode down the hall and out of the bronze door, leaving the dead Tecuhltli lying before the staring dead eyes of their kinsmen's heads.

Conan needed no guide back through the labyrinth they had traversed. His primitive instinct of direction led him unerringly along the route they had come. He traversed it as warily as he had before, his sword in his hand, and his eyes fiercely searching each shadowed nook and corner; for it was his former allies he feared now, not the ghosts of the slain Xotalancas.

He had crossed the Great Hall and entered the chambers beyond when he heard something moving ahead of him—something which gasped and panted, and moved with a strange, floundering, scrambling noise. A moment later Conan saw a man crawling over the flaming floor toward him—a man whose progress left a broad bloody smear on the smoldering surface. It was Techotl and his eyes were already glazing; from a deep gash in his breast blood gushed steadily between the fingers of his clutching hand. With the other he clawed and hitched himself along.

"Conan," he cried chokingly, "Conan! Olmec has taken the yellow-haired woman!"

"So that's why he told Topal to kill me!" murmured Conan, dropping to his knee beside the man, who his experienced eye told him was dying. "Olmec isn't so mad as I thought."

Techotl's groping fingers plucked at Conan's arm. In the cold, loveless and altogether hideous life of the Tecuhltli his admiration and affection for the invaders from the outer world formed a warm, human oasis, constituted a tie that connected him with a more natural humanity that was totally lacking in his fellows, whose only emotions were hate, lust and the urge of sadistic cruelty.

"I sought to oppose him," gurgled Techotl, blood bubbling frothily to his lips. "But he struck me down. He thought he had slain me, but I crawled away. Ah, Set, how far I have crawled in my own blood! Beware, Conan! Olmec may have set an ambush for your return! Slay Olmec! He is a beast. Take Valeria and flee! Fear not to traverse the forest. Olmec and Tascela lied about the dragons. They slew each other years ago, all save the strongest. For a dozen years there has been only one dragon. If you have slain him, there is naught in the forest to harm you. He was the god Olmec worshipped; and Olmec fed human


text:
Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/14

IV to be President of the Board of Rites. As a statesman however he was not an unqualified success, and in 1274 he retired, disgusted with official life.

Among the countless editions of the original San Tzŭ Ching which have appeared during the past six hundred years, there is one which may be said to give the textus receptus, accompanied by the very best commentary which has hitherto been produced. It is by a scholar named 王相 Wang Hsiang, and was published in 1786. Another almost equally well-known and more pretentious edition is by one 賀興思 Ho Hsing-ssŭ. In the preface to this, written as usual by an enthusiastic friend, the San Tzŭ Ching is likened unto "a jewelled sword, which is an object of reverence to all." The writer goes on to lament that "boys merely learn to repeat the bald text, remaining ignorant of the fact that this book is positively a pocket edition of 'The Mirror of History.' For although there is a commentary by Wang Hsiang, that scholar did not see the whole leopard;"—implying that his field of view was narrow, like that of a man looking through a tube at a leopard, and seeing only one or two of its spots. This is unfair. Ho Hsing-ssŭ appropriated the best part of Wang Hsiang's commentary, and drew out his own to a quite unnecessary length by additions which furnished little that was new.

From the above it may be guessed that the San Tzŭ Ching, a hornbook for boys, contains a text upon which scholars have not disdained to exercise their wits. Some of it is indeed quite beyond the comprehension of a child. It has also proved to be more or less beyond the comprehension of a host of foreign translators. The prose translations of Bridgman in 1835 and of Julien in 1864 must be relegated to the limbo of pioneer work. In 1873 I myself published a metrical version based on the above, which passed muster at that time, but which will not do now. In 1879 Père Zottoli, S.J.,


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colquhoun, Archibald Campbell-


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colquhoun, Janet


text:
Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/15

Rh published the San Tzŭ Ching in Chinese and Latin, with notes, as part of his Cursus Litteraturae Sinicae; and in 1892 the Rev. E. J. Eitel, Inspector of Schools in Hongkong, supplied to the China Review (vol. XX, p. 35) a new English rendering, without any notes at all, the aim of which, according to the author, was intended to be "exclusively tutorial." This last is a very poor production, inferior in fact to any one of the earlier versions mentioned above; and so far from being adopted for "tutorial" purposes, it should be carefully removed from the hands of any student either English or Chinese.

It is hoped that the present work will prove to be an advance upon those which have gone before. In addition to the text of Wang Hsiang and a translation with explanatory notes, the literal meaning of each character is given, with its sound and its all-important tone according to the Peking dialect, and with its structural analysis as found in the 說文 Shuo Wên, an etymological dictionary by 許慎 Hsü Shên, who died about A.D. 120. There are also some Appendices, showing passages which have been interpolated by later hands, chiefly in order to bring the historical portion down to the present dynasty.

.

Cambridge, 20 March, 1900.


text: Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/16


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colquhoun, John (1748-1827)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colquhoun, John (1805-1885)


text:
Talk:Tâo Teh King

Untitled
First time reading this. If you've read it yourself please reflect Herr. —unsigned comment by Jeswllms (talk).

Formatting
Can we work on changing the formatting so it is more easy to read —unsigned comment by Muchotreeo (talk).

title: Talk:Tâo Teh King


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colquhoun, John Campbell (1785-1854)


text:
Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/17

San (see ) is an ideogram, as also are 一 i one, 二 êrh two , and the archaic 亖 ssŭ four, for which 四 was substituted at an early date. Odd numbers are regarded as male, even numbers as female.

Tzŭ is composed of 子 tzŭ child and 宀 mien an obsolete character meaning shelter, the former having here the double function of radical or indicator of sense, and of phonetic or indicator of sound. The word originally meant to suckle,—a child beneath a roof; later on, to betroth a girl. It came to be used in the sense of written character under the First Emperor (lines, ) according to some, and according to others about a century later in the famous history by 司馬遷 Ssŭ-ma Chi'en. Previous to that date the characters 名 ming and 文 wên  had been used.

Ching is composed of radical 糸 mi five strands of silk as spun by the silkworm, now generally read ssŭ like the duplicated form in, and an obsolete phonetic. It originally meant to weave, the warp of a web, and came to be applied to canonical works or classics, thus offering a curious analogy with our own word text. Strictly speaking the property of the Confucianists, it was borrowed by the Buddhists as a suitable equivalent for sûtra (= threads) or that portion of the Canon which contains the actual utterances of Shâkyamuni Buddha. It was subsequently adopted by the Taoists, and has also been employed by Roman Catholic missionaries in their dignified rendering of Bible.


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 2.djvu/421


text: Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/18


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colquhoun, John Campbell (1803-1870)


text:
Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/11

 ELEMENTARY CHINESE

TRANSLATED AND ANNOTATED

BY

HERBERT A. GILES, M.A., LL.D. (Aberd.)

Professor of Chinese in the University of Cambridge and late H.B.M. Consul at Ningpo

Shanghai

Messrs., Ld.

1900


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buckley, Robert


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colquhoun, Patrick


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buckley, Theodore William Alois


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colson, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buckley, William (d.1570?)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buckley, William (1780-1856)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colson, Lancelot


text:
Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 2.djvu/414

  to join General Jackson at Nashville, Tennessee, and was a surgeon in the army in all the campaigns until the close of the war, at New Orleans. He returned to Nashville and studied law with his relative. Gen. William White, and practiced for twenty-five years. He was a member of the Tennessee constitutional convention of 1834, and subsequently attorney-general. He retired from practice in 1843, and, unmarried, passed the remainder of his life with his sister, Mrs. Sarah White McAllister, in Virginia. He died in 1856, on the presidential election day; his last words were: "I must get up and vote for Fillmore."

Taylor, George Keith, son of Captain Richard Taylor, of Petersburg, clerk of the vestry of Blandford, was born in Prince George county, Virginia, attended William and Mary College in 1793 and studied law and became eminent at the bar. He was a member of the legislature of 1798-99, and a warm defender of the alien and sedition laws. He was a leader of the Federal party, and an ally of John Marshall, whose sister he married. He was a most able advocate at the bar in criminal cases, and as an orator was regarded as little inferior to Patrick Henry. Gilmer said of him: "He was one of the most eminent lawyers of his state,—acute, profound, logical and persuasive: of fine wit, exquisite humor, brilliant fancy, and most amiable disposition." To Mr. Taylor's efforts in the legislature was due Virginia's penitentiary system, and his success in securing an amelioration of the criminal code of the state made him a public benefactor. He died in Petersburg, November 9, 1815. His grandmother. Anne Keith, who married George Walker, gunner of Point Comfort Fort and pilot of James river, was a daughter of George Keith, the celebrated Quaker divine.

Dabney, Thomas Gregory Smith, son of Benjamin Dabney and Sarah Smith, daughter of Rev. Thomas Smith of Cople parish, Westmoreland county, Virginia, was born in King and Queen county, Virginia, January 4, 1798; was under the guardianship of his uncle John Augustine Smith, president of William and Mary College; went to school in Elizabeth, New Jersey; attended William and Mary College. In 1835 he moved to Mississippi, where he became a successful cotton planter. He was a strong admirer of Henry Clay, and like other Old Line Whigs of the South were led by that statesman into strong nationalistic views inconsistent with their early states rights professions. But when the war broke out in 1861, he cast his lot with the South, and three of his sons joined the Confederate army. He married (first) Mary Adelaide, daughter of Samuel Tyler, chancellor of the Williamsburg district, Virginia. He married (second) Sophia Hill, daughter of Charles Hill, of King and Queen county. By the last marriage he was father of Virginius Dabney (q. v.). author of "Don Miff," and Susan D. Dabney (who married Rev. Lyell Smedes, of Raleigh, North Carolina), whose work "Memorials of a Southern Planter," depicting the character and life of her father, elicited a letter from Mr. Gladstone of England, in which he said that he found in Mr. Dabney "one of the very noblest of human characters,"

Conyers, Sarah, resided in Richmond, Virginia, and perished in the burning of the


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buckman, James


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buckmaster, Thomas


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colston, Edward


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buckmaster, William


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buckshorn, Joseph


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colt, Maximilian


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buckstone, John Baldwin


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Budd, George (fl.1756)


text:
Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 2.djvu/415

 362 Richmond Theatre, December 26, 1811. She was a celebrated beauty, engaged to Lieutenant Gibbon who perished with her. Her portrait in profile was taken by St. Memin in 1808.

Winston, Edmund, son of William Winston, and grandson of Isaac Winston and Mary Dabney, his wife. The father, with Isaac and James Winston, emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1704 and settled near Richmond, Virginia. Edmund Winston was a first cousin of Patrick Henry, whose widow he married. He was a judge of the general court of Virginia, and a member of the convention of 1788. He died in 1813, at upwards of eighty years of age.

Patteson, Charles, of the same lineage as David Patteson, of Chesterfield county, Virginia, (q. v.), was a member of the Buckingham county committee of safety in 1775-76, the convention of 1776, the house of delegates of 1787-88, and of the convention of the latter year.

Patteson, David, was a descendant of David Patteson, who received a grant of land in Henrico county (then including Chesterfield county), in 1714. He was colonel commandant of Chesterfield county in 1785, a member of the convention of 1788, and of the house of delegates from 1791 to 1793.

Allen, John, son of Col. William Allen of "Clermont," and a descendant of Major Arthur Allen, who patented lands in Surry county in 1649. He was educated at William and Mary College, where he was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society: a member of the house of delegates in 1784-86-88-91; of the council in 1789; and of the convention of 1788. He died before May, 1793. He was half brother of William Allen of "Claremont," Surry county, (born March 7, 1768, died November 2, 1831), who left his large estates to his nephew William Griffin Orgain on his taking the name of William Allen. This the latter did, was the owner of Jamestown Island, and in the war between the states armed and fed a company of troops in the Confederate service at his own expense.

Stith, Buckner, of Brunswick county, Virginia, son of Colonel Drury Stith: qualified as a justice of his county, September 2, 1784; took the oath as major of militia September 28, 1789; and as lieutenant-colonel, September 26, 1794. He married Anne Dade, sister of Major Langhorne Dade, of Litchfield. King George county.

Goodall, Parke, son of Richard Goodall, of Caroline county, a British subject whose estate was vested in the son by statute. He was an ensign in the company of Captain Samuel Meredith, of Hanover county, which marched under Patrick Henry (to whom the command was assigned) to Williamsburg in 1775, to demand restitution of the powder removed from the magazine by Lord Dunmore. He was a justice of the peace for Hanover county in 1782; member of the house of delegates 1786-89; member of the convention of 1788; and sheriflF in 1809. He was afterwards proprietor of the Indian Queen tavern in Richmond. His daughters, Martha Perkins and Eliza, married respectively Parke and Anthony Street, brothers. A son, Col. Charles Parke Goodall, (married Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac Winston, and died at "Mayfield," Hanover county,


text:
Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 2.djvu/422

.


text:
Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Jay, John

JAY, (1745-1829), American statesman, was the descendant of a refugee Huguenot family, and was born at New York, December 12, 1745. After three years spent in the house of the pastor of the French church at New Rochelle, followed by four under a private tutor at home, he entered King's (now Columbia) College in 1760. On graduating there, May 15, 1764, he entered the office of Mr Kissam, an eminent New York lawyer; and in 1768 he was called to the bar. He rapidly rose into a lucrative practice, and in 1774 was married to Sarah, youngest daughter of William Livingston, afterwards governor of New Jersey. The great crisis in the fate of the American colonies was fast approaching; and, like many other clever young lawyers, Jay took an eager, active part in the proceedings that resulted in the independence of the United States. He was one of the committee of fifty selected by the citizens of New York in 1774 to correspond with other colonial committees on the subject of the Boston Port Bill. He was returned as a delegate from New York city to the continental Congress held at Philadelphia in September 1774, and, though almost the youngest member, was entrusted with drawing up the Address to the People of Great Britain. The numerous committees and associations which were from time to time appointed to meet the exigencies of that troubled period almost always included Jay's name. Of the second Congress also, which met at Philadelphia on May 10, 1775, Jay was a member; and his able and eloquent pen was again useful in writing addresses to the peoples of Canada and Ireland. He was a member of the secret committee of Congress for corresponding with the friends of America in Europe. In April 1776, while still retaining his seat in Congress, Jay was returned to the provincial convention of New York by New York city and county; and his consequent absence from Philadelphia deprived him of the honour of affixing his signature to the declaration of independence issued on July 4, 1776. It was Jay who drafted the constitution that was finally adopted by the New York convention; and that statesman, after acting as one of the council of safety for some time, accepted a provisional appointment as chief justice of New York State, which was afterwards confirmed under the organized constitution, with the proviso that he could hold with his judicial post no other save that of delegate to Congress “on special occasion.” Such occasion was found in the secession of what is now the State of Vermont from the jurisdiction of New Hampshire and New York. Jay was sent to Congress (December 7, 1778), of which he was immediately elected president. The

September his letter, written in the name of Congress, was addressed to the people of the States on the subject of currency and finance; and before the end of the year, having previously resigned his chief-justiceship and his presidency, he was despatched as plenipotentiary to Spain, where he landed January 22, 1780. The results of the mission were unsatisfactory. In addition to the fact that he was not received by the Spanish court in a formally diplomatic character, he was seriously embarrassed by the action of Congress in drawing bills upon him for more than half a million dollars, in the hope apparently that he would have received a subsidy from Spain before the bills fell due. Although by stooping to the humiliation of importuning the Spanish minister, and by accepting a number on his own personal responsibility, Jay was able to meet some of the bills, he was at length forced to protest others; and the credit of the new country was only saved by a timely subsidy from France, out of which Franklin was enabled to remit from Paris the sum required to meet the bills then due. In 1781 Jay was commissioned to act with Franklin, Adams, Jefferson, and Laurens in negotiating a peace with Great Britain. He arrived in Paris from Spain, June 23, 1782; and after a variety of negotiations, in the course of which Jay evinced a jealous suspicion of the disinterestedness of France and a punctilious attention to the dignity of his country, the provisional articles were signed on November 30, 1782, and the formal treaty on September 3, 1783. Jay resigned his commissions, and on July 24, 1784, landed as a private citizen in New York, where he was presented with the freedom of the city, and elected a delegate to Congress. On May 7th the last-named body had already chosen him to be foreign secretary; and in that post he remained till the beginning of the Federal Government in 1789. In the question of the institution of such a government he had taken a keen interest: he joined Hamilton and Madison in issuing the Federalist; he published anonymously (though without succeeding in concealing the authorship) An Address to the People of New York, in vindication of the constitution; and he ably seconded Hamilton in inducing his native State to adopt it. On September 26, 1789, he became the first chief-justice of the supreme court of the United States. During one of his circuits Harvard University conferred on him the degree of LL.D. In 1792 he consented to stand for the governorship of New York State; but the “canvassers” who scrutinized the votes disqualified the returns of three counties; and, though Jay had received an actual majority of votes, his opponent General Clinton was declared elected.

During the war between Great Britain and France, the relations between the former and the American States became critical; a definite commercial treaty seemed the only means of averting war. Chief-Justice Jay was chosen envoy to England, though not without strong opposition. He landed at Falmouth in June 1794, signed a treaty with Lord Grenville on November 19, and disembarked again at New York, May 28, 1795. Several of the articles of “Jay's Treaty,” especially that which declared that a free ship did not make free cargo, were hailed at home with furious denunciation. Jay was accused of having betrayed his country; his effigy was burnt along with copies of the treaty, and even after Washington signed the ratification in August, the States were in a ferment that prevented for a time the really beneficial action of the treaty. Two days before he landed, and before the particulars of the treaty had been published, Jay had been triumphantly returned as governor of his native State, and, notwithstanding his temporary unpopularity, he was re-elected in April 1798. With the close of this second term of office in 1801, he closed his public career. Although not yet fifty-six years old, he refused all offers of office, and,

retiring to his estate near Bedford in Westchester county, New York, spent the rest of his life in rarely interrupted seclusion. His public utterances from 1821 till 1828 were mostly as president of the American Bible Society. On May 17, 1829, John Jay, in his eighty-fourth year, ended a life whose purity and integrity are commemorated in a sentence by Daniel Webster: “When the spotless ermine of the judicial robe fell on John Jay, it touched nothing less spotless than itself.”


text:
Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 2.djvu/420

 Rh sheriff; represented Frederick county in the legislature, 1836-37, and Warren county, 1842-43 and 1866-67. He was one of the founders of St. Thomas' Protestant Episcopal Church, and drew the plans for its church edifice. He married, in 1826, Mary Eltinge Hite, daughter of Major Isaac Hite of "Belle Grove," and Anne Tunstall Maury, his wife. Soon after his marriage he removed to a farm on the north branch of the Shenandoah river, and named it "The Forest." The farm, comprising about a thousand acres was given to his wife by er father, at the time of her marriage, and was part of the original "Yost-Hites" grant which was taken up by Major Hite in 1831.


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 2.djvu/423


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 2.djvu/433


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 2.djvu/432


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 2.djvu/431


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 2.djvu/430


text:
Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 2.djvu/416

 Rh 5, 1855), and a grandson, Dr. Charles Parke Goodall, frequently represented Hanover county in the Virginia assembly.

Barron, James, born at Old Point Comfort, Elizabeth City county, Virginia, in October, 1740. son of Captain Samuel Barron, who then was commander of Fort George, at that place. Captain Barron removed to Mill Creek. Left fatherless in 1750, the son, then ten years old, was taken in charge by Col. Hunter, his father's friend, then "navy agent victualler," who sent him to sea under Captain Barrington, trading in a ship between London and the James river. In due time young Barron was given command of a small vessel belonging to Col. Hunter, and soon after was made master of a regular ship. American sailors were then habitually derided and treated with arrogance by the British naval officers whom they frequently met at sea, and Captain Barron, in 1774, resenting such treatment, sailed his ship outside Cape Henry, then turned her over to his first mate, to deliver to her owners in England, and returned home. He soon received letters offering him command of a fine ship in the British transport service, but his patriotism would not allow of his acceptance. He became captain of a company of minute men which he headed in skirmishes with the British, at the Edward Cooper place on James river, and at Hampton. Virginia was now providing a navy of her own and soon had in service some fifty vessels of various descriptions, and Captain Barron cruised with small squadrons, harrassing British commerce. On July 3, 1780, he was given command of the state navy, with the rank of Commodore, also serving at times as a member of the board of war of the young nation. After peace was restored in 1783, he was continued in command of the only two vessels retained in service for the protection of the revenue, and he was so occupied until his death, in 1787. He was father of Commodore James Barron (q. v.). Ruffin, Edmund, born January 2, 1744-45, son of Edmund Ruffin by his first marriage with Mrs. Edmunds, nee Simmons. He was fourth in descent from William Ruffin, who was seated in Isle of Wight county, Virginia, in 1666, and died in 1693. He was a member of the house of delegates, 1777-84-86-87; of the convention of 1788; county lieutenant in 1789; sheriff in 1797. He married Jane, daughter of Sir William Skipwith, baronet, of "Prestwould," Mecklenburg county. He was grandfather of Edmund Ruffin, the distinguished agriculturist (q. v.). He died in 1807.

Strother, French, son of James Strother and Margaret French, his wife, was a vestryman and church warden of St. Mark's parish, Culpeper county, Virginia. He was a member of the convention of 1788. He represented his county in the general assembly for nearly thirty years; was a member of the convention of 1776 and of that of 1788 and voted against the proposed Federal Constitution; in 1799 he voted for the resolutions against the alien and sedition laws. He was solicited to oppose James Madison for congress, but James Monroe became the candidate and was defeated. He married Lucy, daughter of Robert Coleman.

King, Miles, son of Charles King and Elizabeth Tabb, his wife, was born in Elizabeth City county, November 2, 1747. He


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Manasseh

MANAS'SEH (Heb. Mēnashsheh, of uncertain etymology). According to Gen. xli. 51, the eldest son of Joseph and eponymous ancestor of the tribe of Manasseh. Manasseh and Ephraim are thought by critics to represent two offshoots of a Joseph clan, the parent branch of which (see ) apparently disappeared in Egypt. Of the two, Manasseh was the first to cut loose, and was therefore represented in tradition as the older; but the far more prominent part played in the history of the northern kingdom by Ephraim is reflected in the forty-eighth chapter of Genesis, where Jacob, in blessing the two, intentionally mentions Ephraim first, although the younger. Both Manasseh and Ephraim are represented as born in Egypt and sons of Joseph's Egyptian wife, which (if the tradition rests upon a genuine reminiscence) may be taken as an indication that the extension of the Joseph clan into several branches took place in that country. At the time of the conquest of Canaan, Manasseh and Ephraim appear as the most prominent of the tribes that afterwards formed the northern kingdom. The territory occupied by Manasseh on the west of the Jordan lay to the north of Ephraim and reached westward to the sea, including the plain of Sharon (Josh. xvii.), but the tribe continued to grow and a branch settled to the east of the Jordan, occupying part of Gilead, the rich pasture lands of Bashan and the country extending northward from a point above the River Jabbok to Mount Hermon (Josh. xiii. 29-31). The heroes Gideon and Jephthah (Judges vi. 15; xi. 1) belonged to Manasseh, but after the formation of the kingdom Ephraim entirely eclipses Manasseh, of which we hear again only at the time of the invasion of Tiglathpileser III. (B.C. 734), who carried off the eastern division of the tribe to Assyria (I. Chron. v. 26). The tribe also suffered severely during the various wars with Aram (II. Kings x. 32-33; cf. Amos i. 3).


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Manasseh (King of Judah)

MANASSEH. King of Judah, son of Hezekiah and father of Amon. He began to reign c.692 B.C., at the age of twelve. His reign is said to have extended over fifty-five years (II. Kings xxi. 1; II. Chron. xxxiii. 1), but this figure may be somewhat too high, as his death appears to have taken place no later than B.C. 641. Of the events during his long reign we know little.

The narrator in Kings, being so largely interested in the religious side of history, contents himself merely with references to religious conditions in the days of Manasseh. The King is not viewed with favor by the pious narrator. The religious reforms introduced by Hezekiah, tending toward a purer Yahweh worship freed from the Canaanitish practices, naturally aroused opposition, and during Hezekiah's lifetime symptoms of a reaction already began to manifest themselves. The death of Hezekiah marked the height of the reaction, and Manasseh favored the old system and went even to greater lengths than his predecessors in blending the Yahweh with foreign elements. Besides readoption of the old Canaanitish practices, Babylonian and Assyrian customs were introduced (II. Kings, xxi. 5-7), and for this the King naturally incurred the hatred of the later Hebrew historians, who purposely ignored other events of his reign. It appears on the whole to have been peaceable and prosperous, but Manasseh was obliged to pay tribute to Assyria. The story told in Chronicles (II. Chron. xxxiii.) of Manasseh's capture by the Assyrians, and of his humbling himself before God and his acts of repentance, is thought to be fictitious. The Book of Kings does not say a word about it, and it resembles a Midrashic tale to illustrate the punishment merited by a king who, to the author of Chronicles, appeared the embodiment of wickedness. The later Jewish Haggada added to such stories of Manasseh's wickedness and subsequent conversion. The Prayer of Manasseh, the composition of which was suggested by the statement in II. Chronicles xxxiii. 18-19, belongs to the Apocryphal literature, though received as canonical by the Greek Church. It appears to have been originally written in Greek, though the sentiments are distinctively Jewish. The date of composition is uncertain; in a general way it may be said to belong to the Hellenistic period. Consult the commentary by Ball in the Speaker's Commentary, and the German translation with notes by Ryssel, in Kautsch, Apokryphen und Pseudepigraphen (Halle, 1899).


text:
Page:The Southern Literary Messenger volume 1.djvu/792

 INDEX To Volume I of the Southern Literary Me88e]iig;er. PROSE. N ^ Aboluion of Soathern SlaTery— how regarded in New England 87 Adams' and EYeretl's Eulogies on La Fayette, re- •^. viewed 307 ^Address, Mr. Garnett's, on Associations to promote Education 282 Address, Mrs. Sigourney's, on Female Education 169 Address, President Olin's Inaugural, reriewed. . . 15 Address, President Vethake's Inaugural, renewed 585 Adventures of Harry Humbug, Esq. 772 Advice to Law StudenU 33, 34 Advice from a Father to his only Daughter 187 Afiectation, Thoughts on 365 Llleghany Levels, described 97 Ambitious Lawyer, Memoir of an 645 American Churches, Visit to, by Doctors Reed and Matheson, notice of 714 American Literature, its impediments 220 American Novels, recent — The Insurgents 478 Anecdotes of Patrick Henry 332 Annals of Education, recommended 205 Athens, a few days in, by Fanny Wright, notice of 715 Aunts, my two 189 Autobiography of Pertinax Placid, extracts from , 706 B Bancroft's History of the U. S. vol I. reviewed. . . 687 Bashful Gentleman 429 Bathmendi, a Persian Tale, from the French of M. Florian 377 Beauties of the Court of Charles II. by Mrs. Jame- son, reviewed 312 Belford Regis, by Miss Mitford, noticed 651 Berenice, a Tale, by Edgar A. Poe 333 Black Watch, the, noticed 714 Blackbeard, a Philadelphia Story, notice of 595 Blackstone, Judge, a Poet 315 Blackstone's Commentaries, a note to 227 Remarks on that note 266 Reply to the remarks 388 Bon-Bon, a Tale, by Edgar A Poe 693 Browne, P. A.— Hints to Geological Students 162, 300 Essay on the Mineral Wealth of Virginia 91 Law Case, involving a question in Hydraulics and Hydrostatics. ... 44 Vol. L— W Bryant's Poems, notice of. ^ 250 Buffon, his theory of the Earth's origin 302 Bulwer, his Pilgrims of the Rhine reviewed 53 LAst Days of Pompeii 241 Convicted of Plagiarism 246 Burnet, Thomas, his theory of the Earth 301 Butler, Mrs. (once Miss Kemble) notices of her Journal 459, 524 C "Calavar, an American Novel," reviewed 315 " Cavaliers of Virginia,** reviewed 385 Caucus System, its effects 218 Etymology of " Caucus,** 455 " Celebrated Trials of all Countries," notice of. . . 458 "Celebrated Women,** Madame Junot*s Memoirs of, noticed 458 " Chances and Changes,** reviewed 649 >• Chotank, Recollections of 43 Christian Education, Essay on 432 Churches, American, Drs. Reed and Matheson*s visit to, noticed 714 Circumstantial Evidence, its danger illustrated by a narrative 142 Classics, thoughts on the study of 213 Classmates, My,aTale 106 Colonial Manners, a pictureof the Maryland House ofBurges8esinl766 138 Common Schools of New England, their benefiu 86, *7 Some particulars of their organization 275 " Confessions of a Poet,'* notice of 459 '< Conquest of Florida," (Soto's) notice of. 648 Contrast (the) or a Fashionable and Unfashionable New England Wife 290 Conversation Parties, Soirees, and Squeezes, by Oliver Oldschool 647 Cooper, James Fenimore, Letter to his Country- men, reviewed 648 Cottage in the Glen, a Tale 78 "Court of Charles II,'* Beauties of, by Mrs. Jame- son, reviewed « • 312 Courtship and Marriage • * 349 Crayon Miscellany, No. 1, reviewed, 456, Na 2. . 646 Criticisnv— see " Literary Notices.** Crockett's Tour, notice of. 459 Cupid's Sport, a Tale, No. l.....* 103 No.2 741 Cyclopean Towers in Augusta County, Virginia — described 98 -' Digitized by VjOOQ IC


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Manasseh Ben-Israel

MANASSEH BEN-ISRAEL (1604-57). A Hebrew scholar and Cabbalist. He was born at Lisbon and educated at Amsterdam, where his father had removed to escape persecution. At the age of eighteen he took the place of his former instructor, Rabbi Isaac Uzziel, in the Amsterdam synagogue. In 1626 he set up a Hebrew printing-press at Amsterdam, and in 1632 published the first volume of his Conciliador, a learned harmony of the Pentateuch. Its author was recognized as a great Hebrew scholar and among his correspondents were Vossius, Grotius, and Huet. In 1656 Manasseh came to England to obtain permission from Parliament for the re-establishment of the Jews in England, banished from that country since the time of Edward I. (1290). Parliament refused to pass the measure, but Cromwell favored it, and unofficially permitted a large number of Jews to settle in London. Manasseh died at Middleburg on his way home. His wide learning, the services he rendered his people, the renown he enjoyed among men not of his race, his piety and amiability, have made him a venerated figure in Jewish history. Besides the Conciliador, he published editions of the Talmud and Bible in Hebrew; also Esperanza de Israel (1650); Pedro Glorioso (1655); and

Vindiciæ Judæorum, which appeared at London in 1656 during his stay in England.


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/12


text: Template:STCKai

title: Template:STCKai


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Manasses, Prayer of

MANASSES,. See , section, Old Testament.


text:
Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/29

Rh as radical. It is explained thus: "In the evening it is dark and one cannot see, so that it is necessary for a man to call out his name." The word ming (see ) is now mostly used of a man's personal name, which is taboo except to parents and to the sovereign. Tou's five sons all rose to high office.

Chü is composed of 人 jen man as radical, with 具 chü as phonetic.

Yang is composed of 手 shou hand as radical, with a common phonetic which must be distinguished from 昜 i. [Zottoli and Eitel are both wrong in making ming refer to the sons.]

Yang is composed of 羊 yang sheep as phonetic and 食 shih eat as radical, and means to bear children, to feed. Read, it means to minister to, to attend upon, especially one's parents.

Pu see.

Chiao see.

Fu was originally an ideogram, being composed of 又 yu again, which anciently meant a hand with three fingers stretched out and was the original form of the more modern 右 yu right hand, and a ferule. A common name for a father is 家嚴 chia yen (lines, ) the family severe one, while a mother is called 家慈 chia tz'ŭ the family gentle one. In the mouth of the child fu becomes 爹 tieh daddy. Fu sometimes = male.


text:
Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/51

Rh turned out; and, thirdly, because the mere fact that the man is kept up to his duty is a help to him, and increases his self-respect and hope of doing better.

I would also say to those who, in the carrying out of such an undertaking, are brought into immediate contact with the tenants, that its success will depend most of all on their giving sympathy to the tenants, and awakening confidence in them; but it will depend also in a great degree on their power of bestowing concentrated attention on small details.

For the work is one of detail. Looking back over the years as they pass, one sees a progress that is not small; but day after day the work is one of such small things, that if one did not look beyond and through them they would be trying. Locks to be mended, notices to be served, the missing shilling of the week's rent to be called for three or four times, petty quarrels to be settled, small rebukes to be spoken, the same remonstrances to be made again and again.

But it is on these things and their faithful execution that the life of the whole matter depends, and by which steady progress is insured. It is the small things of the world that color the lives of those around us, and it is on persistent efforts to reform these that progress depends; and we may rest assured that they who see with greater eyes than ours have a due estimate of the service, and that if we did but perceive the mighty principles underlying these tiny things we should rather feel awed that we are entrusted with them at all, than scornful and impatient that they are no larger. What are we that we should ask for more than that God should let us work for Him among the tangible things which He created to be fair, and the human spirits which He redeemed to be pure? From time to time He lifts a veil and shows us, even while we struggle with imperfections here below, that towards which we are working—shows us how, by governing and ordering the tangible things one by one, we may make of this earth a fair dwelling-place. And far better still, how by cherishing human

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/51


text:
Page talk:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/51

lifts a vail --> lifts a veil? --Zyephyrus (talk) 22:25, 9 May 2012 (UTC)


text:
Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/11

In volumes I. and II., the history of Virginia as set forth in the biographies of its distinguished citizens was brought down approximately to the year 1861. The present volume brings that history down to date. The divisions are as follows: I. The Governors of the State; II. Judges of the Supreme Court of Appeals: III. Under the Confederacy—Department Officers, Members of Congress, and Military and Naval Officers; IV. President of the United States; V. United States Senators; VI. House of Representatives; VII. Prominent Persons.

While it is believed that the list of persons under the first six heads may be deemed substantially correct and on the whole satisfactory, the same remark as was made in the preface to the second volume applies to the last division. The selection may not always have been wise, and some important persons have doubtless been omitted, but it is the best that could be done under the pressure of official work and the time allowed by the publishers. It is proper, however, to add that some names of important living persons were purposely omitted from the third volume because of their appearance in a more extended form in the fourth or fifth volumes prepared directly by the publishers.The Author.


text:
Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/10

.


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/8


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/7


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/6


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/5


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/4


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/3


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/2


text: Page:Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography volume 3.djvu/1


text:
Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/52

50 beings He will let us help Him in His work of building up temples meet for Him to dwell in—faint images of that best temple of all, which He promised that He would raise up on the third day, though men might destroy it.

2em

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/52


text:
Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/30

12 Chih see.

Kuo is composed of the walking radical and a common phonetic. It means to pass by or over; hence, to transgress, an error, a fault. It is used colloquially to form the past tense, thus: 來 lai come, 來過 came. See.

Chiao see.

Pu see.

Yen is composed of two 口 k'ou mouths which formed the ancient radical (now a single k'ou) and a phonetic. It originally meant a sharp order, hence severe; see.

Shih is composed of an old form of 堆 tui a mound or bank on the left, with 帀 tsa to encompass as ancient (巾 chin napkin modern) radical on the right. It originally meant a body of 2500 soldiers, and its composition may possibly have reference to a mud fortress; then it came to mean to take as a model, a teacher, a master workman. Confucius said 三人同行必有我師 san jen t'ung hsing, pi yu wo shih, if three men are walking together, one will be my teacher, i.e. able to teach me something (see, lines , , , , , ).

Chih see.

To is composed of 心 hsin heart as radical and a phonetic.


text:
Talk:The Outlook (New York)/Volume 122/Joyce Kilmer, Poet and Patriot

Transcribing from Google Books version, which you can find here. Londonjackbooks (talk) 22:45, 9 May 2012 (UTC)


text:
The Outlook (New York)/Volume 122/Joyce Kilmer, Poet and Patriot

BY KATHERINE BRÉGY

AUTHOR OF "THE POETS' CHANTRY," ETC.

UST one year ago this July, Sergeant Joyce Kilmer was shot through the brain as he pressed ahead of his regiment, the "Fighting Sixty-Ninth," of New York, to locate German machine guns hidden in a copse beside the river Ourcq. His act won him, posthumously, the Croix de Guerre. But it won his compatriots a far greater thing—a concrete symbol of all that efficient, practical idealism which is perhaps the dearest dream of our democracy. The memory of this young poet-patriot of our latter days fathers one more legend to set beside the bright records of Rupert Brooke, of John McCrea or Charles Péguy, a legend which Americans are proud to own and will be slow to forget.

One wondered at the time if that keen sense of personal loss among the greatest variety of people—scattered youths who had known him at college, newspaper men who were in the habit of borrowing tobacco at his office in the New York "Times," priests, soldiers who had fought at his side, as well as the men and women who count in literature on both of the Atlantic—could prove the permanent, lasting judgment. For, after all, this young heroic figure had not yet reached his thirty-second birthday, and the world was struggling through one of the most momentous years in its entire history. But it has lasted. It has endured through all the stupendous issues of life and death and war and peace and reconstruction. For Joyce Kilmer was not, as sometimes happens, a poet in spite of his life, nor even a poet for whose life any excuse had to be made. He never wished, in fact, nor was able to separate his life from his poetry. That is why when the hour of national hazard fell he saw with so uncompromising a clearness the one sun-smitten path: "It is wrong for a poet to be listening to elevated trains when there are screaming shells to hear, and to be sleeping soft in a bed when there's a cot in a dugout awaiting him and the bright face of danger to dream about and see." Perhaps, also, that is why the passing of this American singer is now soberly reckoned among the great losses to literature of a war which in all the older countries was so inevitably fatal to the young, eager spirits of art. For our own country it was emphatically the greatest literary loss suffered in that brief crusade overseas.

Before those ten stressful months with our Expeditionary Forces, Joyce Kilmer had proved himself, not merely one of the foremost lyrists and most versatile newspapermen of the United States, but also a man who was helping to define the highest ideals of Americanism. He was of those who asked much of life; and, as usual, life was quick to return the compliment. Born in New Brunswick, December 6, 1886, of a family claiming English, Irish, and Scotch descent, and still, in the words of his literary executor, boasting "a Colonial Dame on both sides," Joyce lived through most phases of contemporary American thought, adding a few distinctly contributory phases of his own. He had, of course, his young romance—a quite idyllic one, which culminated in his marriage to Miss Aline Murray, a stepdaughter of Dr. Henry Mills Alden, as soon as he was graduated from Columbia University. The matter of a career which then imperiously faced him he took less as a battle to be fought than as a game to be won—a vastly interesting, delightfully intricate game, to be played always with sportsmanlike rules and usually with sportsmanlike raillery. Joyce—he was always that, and that only, to his friends—was not timid of experiments. By the time he was twenty-five he had exercised his versatilities as a Latin master, a maker of dictionaries, a poet of love's blossomy summer, a lay reader in the Episcopal Church, a hot and talkative Socialist, an all-round newspaper man, and a rather superior and sophisticated literary esthete.

From the year 1912 he began to find himself—not that so blithely responsive a nature as his could ever be described as really "settled." At this time he joined the staff of the New York "Times" and began that series of brilliant reviews and interviews which quickly revealed to American readers a new man of letters. The next spring brought one of the great sorrows of Joyce Kilmer's life, when the touch of infantile paralysis blighted the body of his little much-loved daughter, Rose. A few months later he laid forcible claim to what proved one of his most permanent joys. For it was then that he entered, with all of a convert's zeal but none of a convert's crudity, that old, old Catholic Church—so mystical at once and so practical!—to which he ever after gave a young and proud allegiance. "If what I write nowadays is considered poetry," he declared in one of his last letters written from France, "then I became a poet in November, 1913." That is to say, he became then the greatest American representative of that little band of "modern mediævalists" which on the other side of the Atlantic included the Chestertons, Hilaire Belloc, and a group of younger singers—all sworn to recapture something of the robust faith, the fine fervor, and heroic folly of Merrie England. But he was much more than this.

Popular judgment has singled out Kilmer as a poet of the ideal realities of life, and popular judgment has been, in the main, right. The ideal realities were his goal; and he showed the most astonishing verve in tracking them into unexpected corners. He celebrated (upon a wager!) the hidden glories of the delicatessen shop. He immortalized the sleepy and apologetic oommuter. He found the pathos of "The House With Nobody In It," the proud poetry of "The Snow Man in the Yard," the tender and humorous poignancy of Dave Lilly's bibulous ghost swinging his shadowy line after phantom trout. All these colloquial notes he struck with enormous felicity—and consequent popularity. He had, in fact, the most ideal reasons for keeping close to the great humble, loving heart, not merely of America, but of the whole world. He wanted to show forth the glory of the simple, universal things which he had fonnd after no little trying out of the more complex and exotic things. Myriads of poets had sung the praise of childhood, but here was one who had the courage to sing the praise of marriage and of home, the joys of daily work and daily faith in God and man. For a while, indeed, Joyce became almost radical in his ferocious conservatism.

But every one who knew his essays or his inimitable conversation must have been aware that here was a critic of broad knowledge and exuberant humor. He was far less easily satisfied than were his readers, and not at all content to remain, as many of them would have had him, merely a "familiar" or "domestic" laureate. Perhaps the first hint of that larger immortality in store for the young Kilmer was the title poem of his volume called "Trees," published in 1914. That sunny and singing lyric achieved the distinction of being almost universally memorized, and it is already accepted as one of the classics of American poetry. There were other things to warn the elect that here was a new aspirant for the Siege Perilous of high poetry—arrestingly fine things, like that vision in a brief Christmas poem which pictured the clouds rocked with song—

Over and above this, it became suddenly evident that into the much-abused field of religious poetry Joyce Kilmer was bringing an inspired passion and—actually!—originality. A new, or rather a very ancient and almost forgotten, fragrance hung about his half-playful, half-serious songs of the star-crowned Virgin, of St. Michael, "the thorn on the rosebush of God," and of St. Valentine, whom he celebrated in a most ingenious bit of vers libre. He sang ballads, too, with the tender familiarity of the Middle Age jongleur about them, and the wistful brotherhood of our modern age. Here is a fragment from that deliciously naïve "Gates and Doors:"

Joyce Kilmer was a good worker, a good player, and a good fighter at times, but his sympathy was—for a man—phenomenal. He hated scarcely anything in the world except respectable hypocrites and those decadent rhymesters, "so mildly, delicately vile," who, in his opinion, brought poetry into disrepute among honest men. For the rest he was the kindest of critics, lavish, even sumptuous of praise wherever he detected real poetic sincerity. His office at the "Times" was crowded with literary aspirants, both old and young, his desk stacked with letters seeking advice or encouragement. "No poet has any right in the world to knock the work of another poet who is honest," he once declared. And this sympathy, this broad and human idealism, was fore-ordained to spring up like a flame at the call of an outraged world. Joyce saw something of the war at first hand when in the autumn of 1914 he went to England to bring his mother safely back to the States. But it was probably not until after the Lusitania tragedy—which he commemorated in his haunting poem, "The White Ships and the Red"—that the call became personal and not to be gainsaid.

There was a gasp of surprise in literary circles when, almost immediately after the United States declared war in the spring of 1917, Joyce Kilmer be drilling with the Seventh Regiment of New York. But when a few months later he had himself transferred to the 165th Infantry (the old Sixty-ninth of New York) and sailed for France as a private because he was unwilling to lose precious time studying to be "an officer in charge of conscripts," surprise was swallowed up in the heroic and wholly Kilmerian rightness of the thing. It was not that he was a headlong enthusiast, quick on the trigger, not counting the cost. He had small opinion of "blind courage" and had just told a group of college boys that "only an enlightened man and only a good man can be brave." Over and above this he was an enormously efficient person—he had to be with that young, quickly growing family in the Larchmont home!—and at this time he was easily doing three men's work. But it was his strength, and not less his good fortune, that the business of life never drove the dream from his heart. He loved the fighting saints and the fighting poets, and years earlier he had sung the praise of that divine and healing "Folly" which our modern world was said to have forgotten:

So when America started upon the supreme crusade of the twentieth century, Joyce Kilmer was willing to pay any price to claim his part in winning it. Being, as we have said, a practical idealist, he saw no other way but to resign his editorial work, cancel his lecture engagements, leave his last book of poems in press, and bid farewell to his wife, to the little children (Kenton, Deborah, Michael, and Christopher), and to the friends he knew so well how to love. It was one of the finest examples in American letters of what Henry Arthur Jones once called "the madness which keeps the world alive."

All Joyce Kilmer's life was a pressing toward the deeper seas, the more distant horizons, and in France he bad but one goal—the front. He frustrated every effort of the regimental authorities to keep him in the reasonably safe, although far from bomb-proof, duties of the statistical department, finally getting himself transferred to the intelligence section, which, as he declared, was "the most fascinating work possible." As he was on "observation" duty, it was also the most dangerous work possible, and eventually, of course, the work which cost his life. When he left New York, be had naturally expected to keep on writing from time to time, and among other things had promised a history of his own regiment. But he soon became too absorbed and shaken by the new life to think of this. He was not interested any more in writing, he wrote to his friend "Bob" Holliday, "except in so far as writing is the expression of something beautiful." And the poems among which he now lived were mostly "unwritten and undiscussed." But out of the crowded drama of his daily life there came at least four works of art. One of them was that tender and dramatic sketch of a night's billet in the home of a French peasant woman called "Holy Ireland." The other three were poems—poems of the moment, with the poignancy of heart-beats through them, yet all poems which seem likely to fulfill the soldier's wish that he might write about the great war only such things as people would want to read "a century after it is over."

Placed beside the sublimated "bluff," the careful cheerfulness, of his letters home, these verses are an inexhaustible commentary upon the real Joyce Kilmer. He lived through the cold and hunger, the almost inevitable touch of pneumonia, the long marches of that first winter of our troops in France—and out of it all came that "Prayer of a Soldier," which has the indomitable sweetness and simplicity of an early Christian martyr:

Then he went on duty in a dugout where a group of his young brother soldiers were suddenly killed by the explosion of a falling shell. And in their memory he wrote that song of "Rouge Bouquet," whose music was known and treasured by thousands of our "dough-boys" before ever it reached the literary critics or was declared one of the best poems of his career. And, finally, while his nights were being spent crawling through the barbed wire of No Man's Land on observation work for the Intelligence Section, the poet-patriot sent home a sonnet called the "The Peace-maker:"

Just a few weeks later, on the morning of July 30, 1918, Sergeant Kilmer voluntarily undertook a piece of work which he and those in command knew to mean certain death. And before nightfall his silence had sung the greatest song of all.

It is a hard thing for civilized man to live through bitter and unbelievable scenes without becoming bitter and unbelieving. The verses of many a young British soldier recently at the front—Lieutenant Nichols and his friends Siegfried Sassoon and "Bobby" Graves, for instance—have shown how hard. But Joyce Kilmer kept unshaken and unshakable that bright "sanity" and "faith" which he was always praising in the brave French people around him. He believed in very might and deed that he and the men fighting at his side were peacemakers—that "by new and bloody paths" the world was coming again "upon the old road to paradise." Up this steep road he himself charged in the vanguard. He did not lose, but gave, his life.


text:
Translation:Shulchan Aruch/Orach Chaim/500

What One Should Do If He Needs Meat on a Holiday, and how to Salt It

הנצרך לבשר ביום טוב היאך יתנהג, וסדר מליחתו

Paragraph 1 - We do not buy meat [on a holiday] by specifying the price, as in telling the slaughterer, "Give me this for a sela or two." Similarly, one should not say "I become a partner to this animal through this sela." Rather, one should get thirds or some quarters [of animals] according to the divisions that the city uses, without specifying a price. One should bring two animals forward, say that they are similar, and tomorrow [after the holiday], appraise the difference [between the whole animal and what was taken], and according to the value [of the equivalent animal], so should he pay. Rem"a: Some say that this mechanism is permitted only for a Jew buying from a Jew, but even this mechanism is forbidden for a Jew buying from a non-Jew (Hagahot Oshri Chapter Ein Tzadin).

סעיף א - אין קונים בשר בפסוק דמים לומר לטבח תן לי בסלע או בשתים, וכן לא יאמר לו הריני שתף עמך בסלע, אלא מחלק להם שלישיות או רביעיות כפי החלקים שדרך לחלק בעיר בלא פסוק דמים, ומביא שתי בהמות ויאמר זו כזו, ולמחר שמין הנשארת וכפי ששוה כך יפרע לו. הגה: ויש אומרים דדוקא ישראל לגבי ישראל שרי כהאי  גונא, אבל ישראל עם אינו יהודי אפלו בכהאי גונא אסור (הגהות אשירי פרק אין צדין).

Paragraph 2 - It is forbidden to weigh meat, even at home to know how much to cook. It is forbidden even to put it on the plate of a scale to protect it from mice if it is where one usually weighs, and even to weigh two portions relative to each other is forbidden. It is permitted to weigh by hand - taking a piece in one's hand and estimating how much it is. For a slaughterer, even this is forbidden. However, if one knows how much to cut to cut a litra or a half litra, he should cut normally and not worry.

סעיף ב - אסור לשקל בשר אפלו בביתו לידע כמה יבשל, ואפלו לתנו בכף מאזנים לשמרו מן העכברים אסור אם היא תלויה במקום שרגילים לשקל בה, ואפלו לשקל מנה כנגד מנה, אסור. ומתר לשקל בידו, שלוקח החתיכה בידו ומשער כמה יש בה, וטבח אמן אפלו זה אסור, אבל אם הוא יודע לכון דרך חתיכתו לחתך ליטרא או חצי ליטרא, חותך כדרכו ואינו חושש.

Paragraph 3 - We do not cut a hole in meat with a knife to hang it, but by hand, it is permitted. If one does this to make a sign, even by knife is allowed.

סעיף ג - אין נוקבין נקב בבשר בסכין לתלותו בו, אבל ביד מתר. ואם לעשות בו סימן, מתר אפלו בסכין.

Paragraph 4 - One may scald the head and legs or singe them with fire, but we do not cover them with lime, with clay, or with dirt, because it looks like curing [which is forbidden]. We do not shave them with scissors, because it looks like it is being done for the sake of the hair.

סעיף ד - מולגין הראש והרגלים ומהבהבים אותם באור, אבל אין טופלין אותם בסיד ולא בחרסית ולא באדמה, דמתחזי כעבוד. ואין גוזזין אותם במספרים, שנראה כעושה לצרך השער.

Paragraph 5 - It is permitted to salt multiple pieces at once even though you only need one. Rem"a: and some say that this loophole is only permitted before eating the morning meal (Rabbeinu Yerucham and Beit Yosef in the name of Sma"k). And it is permitted to salt the meat on a holiday, even though it was possible to do the salting from before the holiday (Maharil and Trumat Hadeshen chapter 80).

סעיף ה - מתר למלח כמה חתיכות בבת אחת אף על פי שאינו צריך אלא אחת. הגה: ויש אומרים דלא שרי להערים רק קדם אכילת שחרית (רבינו ירוחם ובית יוסף בשם סמ"ק). ומתר למלח הבשר ביום טוב, אף על פי שהיה אפשר למלחו מערב יום טוב (מהרי"ל ותרומת הדשן סימן פ').

Paragraph 6 - We pick at meat on holidays [to remove unkosher spots], even if the animal was slaughtered before the holiday. (It is best to make a slight change if you can change the way you do something) (Mahari"l and Trumat Hadeshen chapter 84).

סעיף ו - נוהגין לנקר בשר ביום טוב, אפלו נשחט מערב יום טוב. (וטוב לשנות קצת אם יוכל לשנות באיזה דבר) (מהרי"ל ותרומת הדשן סימן פ"ד).

 * }


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Manatee

MAN′ATEE′ (Sp. manatí, from Haitian manati, big beaver). An American sea-cow of the genus Manatus, now nearly extinct on the coast of the United States, but still to be found in the West Indies, Eastern Central America, and tropical South America. Manatees are large, seal-like animals, sometimes 10 feet long and weighing more than a ton, with rounded, fleshy tail-fins, no hind legs, and the fore legs modified into swimming paws, the bones within which are of the normal type, and which have small, flat nails, except in the Orinoco species. The skin is very thick, dark gray, finely wrinkled, and sparsely provided with stout hairs, most numerous about the head and muzzle and on the palmar surface of the flippers. These animals are entirely aquatic, and spend their lives in estuaries, lagoons, and rivers, rarely going out into salt water. They ascend the Amazon and Orinoco almost to their sources, and are incessantly hunted by the natives for their veal-like flesh and the oil which may be obtained from the layer of blubber beneath the skin. They are good but by no means active swimmers, are sluggish in their movements, and spend most of their time in weedy places where they browse on the aquatic plants, often by standing upright among them on their bent tails. The upper lip is cleft into halves, which are covered with bristles and work against each other like forceps, forming an instrument by which they seize and draw into their mouths the leaves and grasses that form their fare. Connected with this food and manner of feeding is a remarkable dental feature, namely the large number of molar teeth. These seem indefinitely to increase during the animal's life, and it is suggested that they are worn away by the character of the food — chiefly algæ mixed with much sand. Only one young one is produced annually, but this is nursed and guarded by the mother with extreme care. The young apparently are entirely defenseless, but have few enemies to menace them after they get their growth. Manatees have frequently been kept alive in aquariums for a few months, and have proved gentle and docile. Once they were plentiful along both coasts of Florida, but their helplessness led to their destruction, until at the close of the nineteenth century none were left but a small, protected herd in the Miami River. Whether the Florida form, called Manatus (or Hydrodamalis) latirostris, is really distinct from the widely distributed Manatus Americanus is undecided. The animal of the Orinoco is certainly a separate species (Manatus inunguis), distinguished by lack of fingernails. See ; and compare.


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Manby, George William

MAN'BY, (1765-1854). An English inventor of life-saving apparatus, born in Suffolk. He served seven years in the militia, and in 1803 was appointed barrack-master at Yarmouth. In 1807 he began working on his life-saving apparatus, by which in 1808 he saved the crew of the stranded brig Elizabeth. He twice received grants of money from Parliament, to which were added honorary distinctions from many foreign governments. It was estimated that by the time of his death nearly 1000 persons had been rescued from stranded ships by means of his apparatus. His publications include An Essay on the Preservation of Shipwrecked Persons, with a Descriptive Account of the Apparatus (1812).


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Mance, Jeanne

MANCE,, (1606-73). A French philanthropist, born at Nogent-le-Roi. Her religious feeling was intense and she early vowed perpetual chastity, though she felt no inclination to become a nun. Influenced by the story of Madame de la Peltrie, she blindly determined to go to Canada and in 1641 went to La Rochelle to embark. While there she met Dauversière, who was founding a religious community to maintain a hospital at Montreal in honor of Saint Joseph, and determined to go with Maisonneuve (q.v.) and his men. Three other women at the last moment joined the expedition, which spent the first winter at Quebec, going to Montreal in 1642. The hospital was built with funds furnished by Madame de Bullion, and Mlle. Mance was in charge. She became second only to Maisonneuve in importance to the colony, as many executive details fell to her, in addition to her care of the sick and her work for the conversion of the Indians. She made several trips to France to secure aid in the work and stimulate the flagging zeal of the Associates of Montreal. She was also influential in bringing about the cession of the island to the Sulpitians, when the Associates were about to disband in 1657 (though the cession did not take effect for several years), and served as head of the Sisters of Saint Joseph until her death. Consult Faillon, Vie de Mlle. Mance et histoire de l'Hôtel Dieu de Villemarie dans l'île de Montreal en Canada (Villemarie, 1854).


text:
Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/47

 know that we are to be found in the "club room" (one of the former shops of the court, and now used by us for a men's club, and for boys' and girls' evening classes, as well as for this purpose of collecting savings), and that they may come to us there if they like, either for business or a friendly chat.

Picture a low, rather long room, one of my assistants and myself sitting in state, with pen and ink and bags for money, at a deal table under a flaring gas jet; the door, which leads straight into the court, standing wide open. A bright red blind, drawn down over the broad window, prevents the passers-by from gazing in there, but, round the open door, there are gathered a set of wild, dirty faces looking in upon us. Such a semicircle they make, as the strong gas-light falls upon them! They are mostly children with disheveled hair, and ragged, uncared-for clothes; but, above them, now and then one sees the haggard face of a woman hurrying to make her Saturday evening purchases, or the vacant stare of some half-drunken man. The grown-up people who stop to look in are usually strangers, for those who know us generally come in to us. "Well! they've give it this time, anyhow," one woman will exclaim, sitting down on a bench near us, so engrossed in the question of whether she obtains a parish allowance that she thinks "they" can mean no one but the Board of Guardians, and "it" nothing but the much-desired allowance. "Yes, I thought I'd come in and tell you," she will go on; "I went up Tuesday—" And then will follow the whole story.

"Well, and how do you find yourself, Miss?" a big Irish laborer in a flannel jacket will say, entering afterwards; "I just come in to say I shall be knocked off Monday; finished our job across the park: and if so be there's any little thing in whitewashing to do, why, I'll be glad to do it."

"Presently," we reply, nodding to a thin, slight woman at the door. She has not spoken, but we know the

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/47


text:
Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/48

 of that beseeching look. She wants us to go up and get her husband's rent from him before he goes out to spend more of it in drink.

The eager, watchful eyes of one of our little scrubbers next attract attention; there she stands, with her savings' card in her hand, waiting till we enter the sixpence she has earned from us during the week. "How much have I got?" she says, eying the written sixpences with delight, "because mother says, please, I'm to draw out next Saturday; she's going to buy me a pair of boots."

"Take two shillings on the card and four shillings rent," a proudly happy woman will say, as she lays down a piece of bright gold, a rare sight this in the court, but her husband has been in regular work for some little time.

"Please, Miss," says another woman, "will you see and do something for Jane? She's that masterful since her father died, I can't do nothing with her, and she'll do no good in this court. Do see and get her a place somewheres away."

A man will enter now: "I'll leave you my rent to-night, Miss, instead o' Monday, please; it'll be safer with you than with me."

A pale woman comes next, in great sorrow. Her husband, she tells us, has been arrested without cause. We believe this to be true; the man has always paid his way honestly, worked industriously, and lived decently. So my assistant goes round to the police-station at once to bail him, while I remain to collect the savings. "Did he seem grateful?" I say to her on her return. "He took it very quietly," is her answer; "he seemed to feel it quite natural that we should help him."

Such are some of the scenes on our Savings' evenings; such some of the services we are called upon to render; such the kind of footing we are on with our tenants. An evening such as this assuredly shows that our footing has somewhat changed since those spent in Blank Court during the first winter.

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/48


text:
Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/31

Rh

Tzŭ see.

Pu see.

Hsüeh see.

Fei is supposed to resemble a pair of wings placed back to back; hence, to turn the back on, to negative.

So is composed of 戶 hu a leaf of 門 mên a door, and 斤 chin. Its original meaning was the sound of chopping. It then came to mean a place, i.e. was probably adopted to express an idea the sound for which already existed. The next stage was to apply this word in the sense of a relative pronoun. It will be found under radical hu in K'ang Hsi's dictionary, under chin in the 說文 Shuo Wên dictionary of the 1st cent. A.D.

I is composed, under its old form, of 多 to many contracted, below a roof and above a line = the ground. It originally meant in repose, sheltered, and now means to be right, fitting, proper.

Yu is an ideogram composed of 幺 yao small, said to be the picture of a new-born child, now the ace at dice, as radical, and 力 li strength; sc. youth.

Pu see.

Hsüeh see.


text:
Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/49

 My readers will not imagine that I mean to imply that there are not still depths of evil remaining in Blank Court. It would be impossible for such a place as I described it as being originally, to be raised in two years to a satisfactory condition. But, what I do contend is, that we have worked some very real reforms, and seen some very real results. I feel that it is in a very great degree a question of time, and that, now that we have got hold of the hearts of the people, the court is sure to improve steadily. It will pay as good a percentage to its owners and will benefit its tenants as much as any of the other properties under my management have done. This court contains two out of eight properties on which the same plans have been tried, and all of them are increasingly prosperous. The first two were purchased by Mr. Ruskin.

It appears to me then to be proved by practical experience, that when we can induce the rich to undertake the duties of landlord in poor neighborhoods, and insure a sufficient amount of the wise, personal supervision of educated and sympathetic people acting as their representatives, we achieve results which are not attainable in any other way. It is true that there are Dwellings' Improvement Societies, and the good these societies do is incalculable; I should be the last to underrate it. But it is almost impossible that any society could do much for such places as Blank Court, because it is there not so much a question of dealing with houses alone, as of dealing with houses in connection with their influence on the character and habits of the people who inhabit them. If any society had come there and put those houses into a state of perfect repair at once, it would have been of little use, because its work would have been undone again by the bad habits and carelessness of the people. If improvements were made on a large scale, and the people remained untouched, all would soon return to its former condition. You cannot deal with the people and their houses separately. The principle on which the whole work rests, is that the

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/49


text:
Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/50

 and their surroundings must be improved together. It has never yet failed to succeed.

Finally, I would call upon those who may possess cottage property in large towns, to consider the immense power they thus hold in their hands, and the large influence for good they may exercise by the wise use of that power. When they have to delegate it to others, let them take care to whom they commit it; and let them beware lest, through the widely prevailing system of sub-letting, this power ultimately abide with those who have neither the will nor the knowledge which would enable them to use it beneficially;—with such as the London landladies described at the beginning of this paper. The management of details will seldom remain with the large owners, but they may choose trustworthy representatives, and retain at least as much control over their tenants, and as much interest in them, as is done by good landlords in the country.

And I would ask those who do not hold such property to consider whether they might not, by possessing themselves of some, confer lasting benefits on their poorer neighbors?

In these pages I have dwelt mainly on the way our management affects the people, as I have given elsewhere my experiences as to financial matters and details of practical management. But I may here urge one thing on those about to undertake to deal with such property, the extreme importance of enforcing the punctual payment of rents. This principle is a vital one. Firstly, because it strikes one blow at the credit system, that curse of the poor; secondly, because it prevents large losses from bad debts, and prevents the tenant from believing that he will be suffered to remain, whatever his conduct may be, resting that belief on his knowledge of the large sum that would be lost were he

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/50


text:
Page:Elementary Chinese - San Tzu Ching (1900).djvu/32

14

Lao was originally composed of 人 jen man, 毛 mao hair, and an obsolete character meaning to change; q.d. the hair turning white, seventy years of age. See lines,.

Ho is composed of 人 jen man as radical, with 可 k'o possibility, can, as phonetic. It is a common interrogative particle.

Wei is composed of 爪 chao claws as radical, over the alleged picture of a female monkey, which is said to be fond of scratching. It came to mean to be, to do. Read, it means on behalf, in place of; hence to pawn.

Yü was originally composed of three equidistant horizontal lines joined by a vertical stroke. It is now written with a dot, which is omitted in composition, to distinguish it from 王 wang. It is the gem par excellence of China, a species of nephrite or jade, and is held to possess five virtues. It is used for all kinds of ornaments, and is also put into the mouths of corpses to preserve them from decay.

Pu see.

Cho is composed of 玉 yü jade as radical, and a phonetic which is 豕 shih pig with its feet tied together. It means to prepare jade.

Pu see.

Ch'êng is composed of 戊 mou or wu flourishing, and what under


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colton, Charles Caleb


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colton, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Columba


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Columban