text:
Page:Weird Tales volume 42 number 04.djvu/39

 four corners was featured by a round tower which, with its mere slits of windows and its pointed spear-sharp peak, might have come straight from the Middle Ages. The central structure also rose to a sharp spire, surmounting all the others; its meagre windows, not quite so narrow as those of the towers, were crossed by iron bars on the two lower floors. But what most surprised me were the three successive rows of stone ramparts, each higher than the one before it, which separated me from the castle; and the musket-bearing sentries that stood in front.

"Strange," I thought, "I've never run across this place before, nor even heard it mentioned."

But curiosity is one of my dominant traits; I wouldn't have been true to my own nature if I had not started toward the castle. I will admit til at I did have a creepy sensation as I approached; something within me seemed to pull me back, as if a voice were crying, "Keep away! Keep away!" But a counter-voice—probably some devil inside me—was urging me forward.

I fully expected to be stopped by the guards; but they stood sleepily at their posts, and appeared not even to notice me. So stiff and motionless they seemed that a fleeting doubt came over me as to whether they were live men or dummies. Besides, there was something peculiar about their uniforms; in the gathering twilight, it was hard to observe details, but their clothes seemed rather like museum pieces—almost what you would have expected of guards a hundred years ago.

Not being challenged, I kept on. I knew that it was reckless of me; but I passed through a first gate, a second, and a third, and not a hand or a voice was lifted to stop me. By the time I was in the castle itself, and saw its gray stone walls enclosing me in a sort of heavy dusk, a chill was stealing; along my spine despite the heat. A musty smell, as if from bygone centuries, was in my nostrils; and a cold sweat burst out on my brows and the palms of my hands as I turned to leave.

It was then that I first heard the voice fiom above. It was a plaintive voice, in a woman's melodious tones. "Monsieur! Monsieur!"

"Qu'est que c'est que ça? Qu'est que c'est que ça?" I called back, almost automatically ("What is it? What is it?").

But the chill along my spine deepened. More of that clammy sweat came out on my brow. I am sorry to own it, but I had no wish except to dash out through the three gates, past the stone ramparts, and on to the known, safe streets.

Yet within me some resisting voice cried out, "Jim, you crazy fool! What are you scared of?" And so, though shuddering, I held my ground.

"Will you come up, monsieur?" the voice invited, in the same soft feminine tones, which yet had an urgency that I could not miss. Frankness compels me to admit that there was nothing I desired less than to ascend those winding old stone stairs in the semi-darkness. But here was a challenge to my manliness. If I dashed away like a trembling rabbit, I'd never again be able to look myself in the face. Besides, mightn't someone really be needing my help?

HILE my mind traveled romantically between hopes of rescuing maiden innocence and fears of being trapped into some monstrous den, I took my way slowly up the spiral stairs. Through foot-deep slits in the rock -walls, barely enough light was admitted to enable me to stumble up in a shadowy sort of way. Nevertheless, something within me still seemed to be pressing my reluctant feet forward, at the same time as a counter-force screamed that I was the world's prize fool, and would race away if I valued my skin.

That climb up the old stairway seemed never-ending, although actually I could not have mounted more than two or three flights. Once or twice, owing to some irregularity in the stone, I stumbled and almost fell. "Here, Mister, here!" the woman's voice kept encouraging. And if it hadn't been for that repeated summons, surely my courage would have given out. Even so, I noted something a little strange about the voice, the tones not quite those of the Parisian French I had learned to speak; the


text: Keppele v. Williams

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Keppele v. Williams


text:
To Mr. Murray

Poems by George Gordon Byron:
 * "To Mr. Murray" (To hook the Reader, you, John Murray)
 * "To Mr. Murray" (Strahan, Tonson, Lintot of the times)
 * "To Mr. Murray" (For Orford and for Waldegrave)
 * "Epistle to Mr. Murray" (My dear Mr. Murray)

title: To Mr. Murray


text: Court Appointments

title: Court Appointments


text: Respublica v. Powell

title: Respublica v. Powell


text:
To Thomas Moore

Poems by George Gordon Byron:
 * "To Thomas Moore" (Oh you, who in all names can tickle the town)
 * "To Thomas Moore" (What are you doing now)
 * "To Thomas Moore" (My boat is on the shore)
 * "Fragment of an Epistle to Thomas Moore" ("What say I"—not a syllable further in prose)

Similar titles:
 * "Thomas Moore, Esq.", a poem by Letitia Elizabeth Landon

title: To Thomas Moore


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Cameron, Simon


text:
Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/New Mexico

NEW MEXICO, a Territory of the United States, is bounded on the N. by Colorado, on the E. by Texas and unorganized “public lands” adjacent to the Indian Territory, on the S. by Texas and Mexico, and on the W. by Arizona. It forms nearly a square, being about 335 miles in width from east to west and 345 miles in length from north to south on the eastern border, which lengthens to 390 miles on the west. As formed originally by the Organic Act of 1850, the Territory embraced Arizona and southern Colorado. In 1854 the “Gadsden Purchase” from Mexico added a strip along the southern boundary. In 1863 Arizona was detached and made into a separate Territory, and in 1867 the portion of New Mexico north of the 37th parallel was added to Colorado, leaving the Territory with its present boundaries, and an area of 122,460 square miles.

Physical Features.—The whole area is elevated far above the ocean, the table-lands of the north being 6000 to 6500, those of the centre 5000, and those of the south about 4000 feet above sea-level. The fall in the Rio Grande from the Colorado line to that of Mexico is about 3500 feet. The whole except the eastern portion is traversed by mountains, passing from north to south, not continuously but in broken ranges, which, for convenience of description, may be divided into three parts. The main range of the Rocky Mountains enters the Territory from the north, the highest peaks being the Costilla (12,615 feet), Taos, Mora (12,020), Truchas (13,150), and Baldy (12,661). This range disappears as a continuous chain near Glorieta. Running east from this as a kind of spur along the Colorado line are the Raton Mountains, the pass in which, south of Trinidad, is 7893 feet high. The railroad crosses this range through a tunnel. Commencing about 20 miles south of Santa Fé, and extending southwards on the east side of the Rio Grande, is a broken range, known variously in localities from north to south as the Cerrillos, Placer, Sandia, Chilili, Manzana, Jumanes, Oscura, San Andres, and Organ Mountains,—the last-named crossing into Mexico near El Paso. Nearer to the Rio Grande in Socorro county are the Fra Cristobal and Caballo Mountains. East of the above chain is a series of ranges, generally short, locally known as the Gallinas,

Jicarilla, Carrizo, Capitan, Sierra Blanca, Sacramento, Hueco, and Guadalupe Mountains. On the west of the Rio Grande another broken range runs south, commencing at the singularly conspicuous San Antonio mountain, close to the Colorado line, and known in its several parts as the Petaca, Valles, Nacimiento, Jemez, San Mateo, Ladrones, Oso, Madalena, Socorro, San Mateo (of Socorro), Black Range, Mimbres, and Florida Mountains, the latter extending into Mexico. Still farther to the west, and near the Arizona boundary, yet another series of comparatively short ranges is found, consisting of the Carrizo, Tunicha, and Chusca Mountains, which constitute part of the “great continental divide” separating the waters flowing into the Gulf of Mexico from those running into the Pacific, and more to the south the Zuñi, Datil, San Francisco, Escudilla, Tulerosa, Luera, Mogollon, Diablo, Pinos Altos, Burro, Sarampion, Hacha, Perro, Animas, and Peloncillo Mountains. These mountains are seamed with great “cañons,” which also penetrate the larger “mesas” or table-lands in various places, where in some way the covering of lava which is their usual protection has been removed. Between contiguous ranges or spurs of the same range are frequently found “parks” of great beauty and fertility. These specially abound in the western part of Colfax county.

New Mexico, while generally requiring irrigation for its cultivation, is more fully provided with rivers than any of the other mining States or Territories. Its waters flow east to the Mississippi, south to the Gulf of Mexico, and west through the Colorado and Gila to the Gulf of California and the Pacific Ocean. The Rio Grande, called also the Rio Bravo del Norte, passes completely through the centre of the Territory from north to south. It receives many tributaries, the principal being the Santa Fé and Galisteo from the east, and the Chama, Jemez, Puerco, and Alamosa from the west. Its valley is of great fertility, and capable of supporting a large population. The north-eastern part of the Territory, including the greater part of the counties of Colfax, Mora, and San Miguel, is drained by the Canadian or Red River, which flows into the Arkansas. The branches of this stream are very numerous, the principal ones being the Cimarron, Mora, Concha, Pajarito, and Ute. The Pecos rises north-east of Santa Fé , and, flowing south, gives value to a vast belt of land, until it crosses the Texas line and finally joins the Rio Grande itself. Its valley is unsurpassed for fertility and agricultural worth. Among other streams, the Tecolote, Gallinas, Hondo, and Penasco are tributaries to it. In the north-west is the Rio San Juan, from which that whole section is called the “San Juan country.” It flows west to the Great Colorado, and has as its principal branches in New Mexico the Animas from the north and the Chaco from the south. In the central west are the headwaters of the Little Colorado, and in the south-west those of the Gila, with the Mimbres, which flows south into Mexico.

Minerals.—In almost all parts of the Territory, except the pastoral plains, the precious metals are found, the mineral extending from the extreme north to the southern boundary. The eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains, in Colfax county, abounds in gold, and Elizabethtown, its chief village, was the scene of great mining prosperity a few years ago. The metal is found in “leads” as well as in extensive “placers.” On the opposite side of the range arejboth gold and silver, and a little farther south, near Picuris, are large deposits of copper. Travelling southwards we find various minerals of value in the mountains east of Santa Fé; and the Cerrillos mining district, about 20 miles south of the capital, presents a rich deposit of silver not as yet fully developed. Here

also are the famous turquoise mines, the largest in America, which played so important a part in the early history of the Territory. To the west in the Nacimiento region is a great body of copper. At the “Old Placers” and “New Placers,” in the southern extremity of Santa Fé county, are inexhaustible supplies of placer gold, which were washed for many years by the rude methods of former times, but work here has been suspended pending the completion of extensive works now in progress which will provide a sufficient supply of water for large operations. The Manzana, Ladrone, and Madalena ranges, and, indeed, nearly all the mountains on both sides of the Rio Grande, contain rich mineral. Silver mines of great value are worked in the Socorro Mountains, directly west of the city of that name. The Black Range country is rich in silver and copper; and the more recent discoveries on the Percha river and at Lake Valley promise to be of extraordinary richness and extent. The vicinity of White Oaks in Lincoln county is specially noted for its free gold, and the San Andres, Caballo, and Organ ranges abound in valuable ores. The greatest development has taken place in Grant county, whose “Santa Rita,” “Hanover,” and other copper mines are well known; the vicinity of Silver City and Georgetown produce great quantities of silver, while the newer districts in the south-west, in the vicinity of Shakespeare and Lordsburg, are also rich in the last-mentioned metal. To the north of Silver City are the Mogollon Mountains, where valuable mineral deposits are found. The mines, especially those of silver, were extensively worked by the Spaniards down to the year 1680, when the revolt of the Pueblos, caused by the cruel slavery to which they were reduced in working for the precious metals, resulted in the filling up and concealment of every mine in the country during the thirteen years of Pueblo control. The shafts of these mines are frequently discovered. Development in recent times has been greatly retarded by Indian occupancy in some sections and their incursions into others; but now that these difficulties have ceased it is very rapidly progressing.

Bituminous coal is found in inexhaustible quantities in very many sections of the Territory, notably near Raton in Colfax county, along the Galisteo river on the line of the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad, and near the Chama river in the north-west. Anthracite coal of an exceedingly fine quality exists in large amounts near Cerrillos station, being superior to many of the coals of Pennsylvania, and by far the best fuel thus far discovered west of the Mississippi river. Iron is found in many localities, but has not yet been worked, the more valuable metals monopolizing attention. Mica mines of large extent and excellent quality are at Petaca, Mora, near Nambé, and in other localities. Lead abounds in many sections carrying silver, and notably in the Cerrillos mines. Plumbago is found in Colfax county; and cement of a very superior quality is made at Springer. Gypsum, fire-clay, and mineral paints are among the mineral resources of the Territory; and marbles and other excellent building stones abound.

Mineral springs of various kinds of great excellence are found in different localities. Prominent among them are the Las Vegas hot springs, the Ojo Caliente in Taos county, the Jemez hot springs, and the Hudson springs. These all have special medicinal qualities, and are of high temperature, the Ojo Caliente water being of 114° and the Jemez 168°. There are also important springs south of El Rancho in Taos county and east of Santa Fé.

Climate.—The climate is dry and the air clear through out almost the entire year. The temperature at Santa Fé, which is considered to have the best climate in the Territory, is sometimes as low in the winter as at New York, but

the dryness of the atmosphere prevents the cold from being felt to anything like the same extent. The more southerly towns are of course warmer, not only on account of the difference in latitude, but also because of their decreased altitude. The rainy season occupies about a month, varying in time from the middle of July to the middle of September, but even then a wholly cloudy day is seldom seen, the mornings being bright, with showers in the afternoon. The comparative death-rate from tubercular diseases in New Mexico is less than anywhere else in the United States, the proportions being—New England 25, Minnesota 14, Southern States 6, New Mexico 3. The average rainfall at Santa Fé for eight years (1874-81) was a little less than 14½ inches, whereas the average at New York was 43, Boston 45, Philadelphia 44, Washington 37, St Louis 42, and Savannah 48. The mean temperature was 48½°. The atmosphere is so clear and pure as to be proverbial. From the first characteristic arises the deception as to distances so generally experienced by strangers; and the second is evidenced by the fact that everywhere throughout the Territory the natives hang up their meat out-of-doors to dry, and use pieces of it as required, not the slightest taint arising from it during a series of months.


text: Respublica v. Malin

title: Respublica v. Malin


text:
Author:LeBaron Bradford Prince

Works

 * Historical Sketches of New Mexico (New York, 1883)

title: Author:LeBaron Bradford Prince


text: Respublica v. Carlisle

title: Respublica v. Carlisle


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 7.djvu/90

56 I saw and left my fault in time,

And chose a topic all sublime—

Wondrous as antient war or hero—

Then played and sung away like Nero,

Who sang of Rome, and I of Rizzo:

The subject has improved my wit so,

The first four lines the poet sees

Start forth in fourteen languages!

Though of seven volumes none before

Could ever reach the fame of four,

Henceforth I sacrifice all Glory

To the Rinaldo of my Story:

I've sung his health and appetite

(The last word 's not translated right—

He 's turned it, God knows how, to vigour)

I'll sing them in a book that 's bigger.

Oh! Muse prepare for thy Ascension!

And generous Rizzo! thou my pension. February, 1818. [From an autograph MS. in the possession of Mr. Murray, now for the first time printed.]

TO MR. MURRAY.

1.

, Tonson, Lintot of the times,

Patron and publisher of rhymes,

For thee the bard up Pindus climbs,

My Murray.


text:
Page:A Dictionary of the Biloxi and Ofo Languages.djvu/12

 Pascagoula river, 16 leagues from the sea, in a village consisting of fewer than 20 cabins.ᵃ La Harpe reduces the distance to 8 leagues, and places the number of their warriors at 130,ᵇ but it appears from Iberville’s journal, written during his own visit, April, 1700, that Sauvolle’s account is the more reliable. During the latter expedition Iberville found the ruins of the former Biloxi village 6½ leagues from the mouth of the river, and says of it:

This village is abandoned, the nation having been destroyed two years ago by sickness. Two leagues below this village one begins to find many deserted spots quite near each other on both banks of the river. The savages report that this nation was formerly quite numerous. It did not appear to me that there had been in this village more than from thirty to forty cabins, built long, and the roofs, as we make ours, covered with the bark of trees. They were all of one story of about eight feet in height, made of mud. Only three remain; the others are burned. The village was surrounded by palings eight feet in height, of about eighteen inches in diameter. There still remain three square watch-towers (guérites) measuring ten feet on each face; they are raised to a height of eight feet on posts; the sides made of mud mixed with grass, of a thickness of eight inches, well covered. There were many loopholes through which to shoot their arrows. It appeared to me that there had been a watch-tower at each angle, and one midway of the curtains (au milieu des courtines); it was sufficiently strong to defend them against enemies that have only arrows.ᶜ

Eleven and a half leagues beyond, i. e., 18 leagues from the mouth of the river, he came to the Pascagoula village where the Biloxi and Moctobi may then have been settled, as stated by Sauvolle and La Harpe, though Iberville does not mention them. He agrees with Sauvolle, however, when he says that there were only about twenty families in that place.

Iberville’s failure to mention the Biloxi and Moctobi, added to the fact that both Biloxi and Pascagoula kept their autonomy for more than a hundred years after this time in the face of adverse circumstances, leads to a suspicion that the Biloxi were then living somewhere else. In 1702-3, according to Pénicaut, St. Denis, then in command of the first French fort on the Mississippi, induced the Biloxi to abandon their former home and settle on a small bayou back of the present New Orleans called in Choctaw Choupicacha, or Soupnacha.ᵈ Pénicaut is apt to be very much mixed in his chronology, but otherwise his statements are generally reliable, and in this particular he is indirectly confirmed by La Harpe, who says that 15 Biloxi warriors accompanied St. Denis in his expedition against the Chitimacha, March, 1707.ᵉ In 1708 Pénicaut notes the Biloxi still in their new position,ᶠ but in 1722 we are informed that they settled on Pearl river on the

ᵃ French, Hist. Coll. of La., p. 227, 1851.

ᵇ La Harpe, Jour. Hist. de l'Établissement des Français à la Louisiane, 1831, p. 16.

ᶜ Margry, op. Cit., IV, 425-426.

ᵈ Ibid., V, 442.

ᵉ La Harpe, Jour. Hist., p. 102, 1831.

ᶠ Margry, op. cit., V, 476.


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 7.djvu/91

Rh 2.

To thee, with hope and terror dumb,

The unfledged MS. authors come;

Thou printest all—and sellest some—

My Murray.

3.

Upon thy table's baize so green

The last new Quarterly is seen,—

But where is thy new Magazine,

My Murray?

4.

Along thy sprucest bookshelves shine

The works thou deemest most divine—

The Art of Cookery, and mine,

My Murray.

5.

Tours, Travels, Essays, too, I wist,

And Sermons, to thy mill bring grist;

And then thou hast the Navy List,

My Murray.


text: Respublica v. Roberts

title: Respublica v. Roberts


text:
Page:A Dictionary of the Biloxi and Ofo Languages.djvu/13

 site formerly occupied by the Acolapissa Indians. Whether they had been on the southern shore of Lake Pontchartrain up to this time can not be determined, It is probable that between 1722 snd 1730 they drifted back toward Pascagoula river, for Dumont, whose information applies to the latter date, speaks of them as if they were then near neighbors of the Pascagoula tribe. The method employed by these two peoples in disposing of the bodies of their chiefs is thus described by him:ᵃ

The Paskagoulas and the Billoxis never inter their chief when he is dead, but they have his body dried in the fire and smoke so that they make of it a veritable skeleton. After having reduced it to this condition they carry it to the temple (for they have one as well as the Natchez) and put it in the place occupied by its predecessor, which they take from the place which it occupied to place it with the bodies of their other chiefs in the interior of the temple, where they are all ranged in succession on their feet like statues. With regard to the one last dead, it is exposed at the entance of the temple on a kind of altar or table made of canes and covered with a very fine mat worked very neatly in red and yellow squares (quarreaux) with the skin of these same canes. The body of the chief is exposed in the middle of this table upright on its feet, supported behind by a long painted red, the end of which passes above his head and to which he is fastened at the middle of the body by a creeper. In one hand he holds a war club or a little ax, in the other a pipe, and above his head is fastened, at the end of the pole which supports him, the most famous of all the calumets which have been presented to him during his life. It may be added that this table is scarcely elevated from the earth half a foot, but it is at least six feet wide and ten long.

It is to this table that they come every day to serve food to the dead chief, placing before him dishes of hominy, parched or smoke-dried grain, etc. It is there also that at the beginning of all the harvests his subjects offer him the first of all the fruits which they can gather. All of this kind that is presented to him remains on this table, and as the door of the temple is always open, as there is no one appointed to watch it, as consequently whoever wants to enters, and as besides it is a full quarter of a league distant from the village, it happens that there are commonly strangers—hunters or savages—who profit by these dishes and these fruits, or that they are consumed by animals. But that is all the same to these savages, and the less remains of it when they return next day the more they rejoice, saying that their chief has eaten well, and that in consequence he is satisfied with them, although he has abandoned them. In order to open their eyes to the extravagance of this practice it is useless to show them what they can not fail to see themselves, that it is not the dead man who eats it. They reply that if it is not he it is at least he who offers toe whomsoever he pleases what has been placed on the table, that after all that was the practice of their father, of their mother, of their relations, that they do not have mere wisdom then they had, and that they do not know any better way than to follow their example.

It is also before this table that during some months the widow of the chief, his children, his nearest relations, come from time to time to pay him a visit and to make him a speech as if he were in a condition to hear. Some ask him why he has allowed himself to die before them. Others tell him that if he is dead it is not their fault, that he has killed himself by such a debauchery or by such a strain. Finally if there had been some fault in his government they take that time to reproach him with it. However, they always end their speech by telling him not to be angry with them, to eat well, and that they will always take good care of him.

ᵃ Mémoires Historiques sur la Louisiance, I, pp. 240-248.


text:
Page:The Clipper Ship Era.djvu/207

Rh measured: length 221 feet, breadth 41 feet 6 inches, depth 24 feet 10 inches. She was commanded by Captain H. W. Johnson, a gentleman who possessed a merry wit and a vivid imagination. Some of his experiences by land and sea, as related by himself, were certainly startling, and he told them with a minuteness of detail and an earnestness of manner that carried conviction equal to the most realistic illusions of the drama. There was one story about a mutiny on board the British brig Diadem, of which vessel Johnson said he was second mate. This craft carried a Lascar crew, and was in the Bay of Bengal, bound from Calcutta to Hong-kong with a cargo of opium, when a mutiny broke out in which all hands took part with such ferocious valor that the second mate and the serang, both badly wounded, were the only survivors.

The listeners are shown the dead bodies of Europeans and Asiatics, lying about the blood-stained deck under the fierce rays of the southern sun, and we breathe the tainted air, while chattering cormorants and screeching fishhawks tear the thin clothing of the corpses into shreds and fight with claw and beak over the decaying flesh. Johnson and the serang, so widely separated by blood, language, and religion, now united by a bond of common suffering, help each other to crawl into the caboose for shelter from the heat and from the birds of prey. Now we hear the gentle chafing of the gear aloft, and the lazy slatting of the sails, as the brig rolls upon the long, glassy swell; we see the sun sink beyond the ocean's rim in a glory of gold and purple that illumines the zenith and

title: Page:The Clipper Ship Era.djvu/207


text:
Page:The Clipper Ship Era.djvu/208

158 turns the sea into a lake of fire; and we feel the benediction of the cool twilight and whispering breeze.

In the silence of the night, the two men, weak from loss of blood, drag themselves aft to the deserted cabin; Johnson lowers himself down the companion and gropes his way to the pantry, where he finds food to share with his companion. In the captain's cabin he finds a decanter of brandy and a tumbler in the rack at the foot of the berth; he fills the glass and pours the spirit down his parched throat to brace his shattered nerves, then fills the glass again and takes it to the serang, but the faithful follower of Mahomet refuses to lift it to his burning lips. We live with them as they work their little vessel back to the muddy waters of the Hooghly and sight a pilot brig lying at anchor on her station, and their joy is ours when the pilot, with his leadsman, servant, and boat's crew, comes on board. Again these unfortunate men, haggard and still suffering from their wounds, are being tried in an Anglo-Indian Court of Justice under a charge of murder on the high seas, and we hear the judge pronounce their solemn sentence of death.

The scenes to which I have referred were so real that it seemed as if Johnson, while describing them, must have believed this story himself, and it was interesting to note the effect upon those who heard it for the first time, when, after giving a circumstantial account of the miraculous escape of the serang and himself from the Calcutta prison during the night before they were to be hanged, he would

title: Page:The Clipper Ship Era.djvu/208


text:
Page:O. F. Owen's Organon of Aristotle Vol. 1 (1853).djvu/288

 whether we assume the middle to be or not to be, and in a similar manner also in respect of the third. For if that be granted in respect of which it is true to predicate man, even if (some one should think that man is) not man, (the conclusion) will be true, if only it is said that man is an animal, and not that he is not an animal, for it will be true to say that Callias, even if he be not Callias, yet is still an animal, but not that which is not an animal. The cause however is, that the first is not only predicated of the middle, but also of something else, in consequence of its being common to many, so that neither if the middle be that thing itself, or not that thing, does it make any difference in respect to the conclusion. But the demonstration which leads to the impossible, assumes that of every thing affirmation or negation is true, and these it does not always (assume) universally, but so far as is sufficient, and it is sufficient (which is assumed) in respect of the genus. I mean by the genus, as the genus about which a person introduces demonstrations, as I have observed before.

All sciences communicate with each other according to common (principles), and I mean by common those which men use as demonstrating from these, but not those about which they demonstrate, nor that which they demonstrate, and dialectic is (common) to all (sciences). If also any one endeavours to demonstrate universally common (principles), as that of every thing it is true to affirm or deny, or that equals remain from equals, or others of this kind. Dialectic however does not belong to certain things thus definite, nor to one particular genus; for it would not interrogate, since it is impossible for the demonstrator to interrogate, because the same thing is not proved from opposites: this however has been shown in the treatment of syllogism.


text: Respublica v. Sweers

title: Respublica v. Sweers


text: Court Appointments (1780)

title: Court Appointments (1780)


text: Respublica v. Molder

title: Respublica v. Molder


text:
Page:O. F. Owen's Organon of Aristotle Vol. 1 (1853).djvu/289

Chapter 12
syllogistic interrogation is the same as a proposition of contradiction, but there are propositions in each science, from which the syllogism which belongs to each consists, there will be a certain scientific interrogation, from which the syllogism, which is appropriate to each science, is drawn. It is clear, then, that not every interrogation would be geometrical, or medical, and so of the rest, but from what any thing is demonstrated about which geometry is conversant, or which are demonstrated from the same principles as geometry, as optics, and in like manner with other sciences. These also must be discussed from geometrical principles and conclusions, but the discussion of principles is not to be carried on by the geometrician so far as he is such; likewise with other sciences. Neither is every one who possesses science to be interrogated with every question, nor is every question about each to be answered, but those which are defined about the science. It is evident then that he does well, who disputes with a geometrician thus, so far as he is such, if he demonstrate any thing from these principles, but if not, he will not do well. Again, it is clear that neither does he confute the geometrician except by accident, so that there cannot be a discussion of geometry by those who are ignorant of geometry, since the bad reasoner will escape detection, and it is the same with other sciences.

Since there are geometrical interrogations, are there also those which are ungeometrical? and


text: James’s Claim

title: James’s Claim


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 7/To Mr. Murray (2)


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/307

Rh with 1 bordar. There is woodland (to feed) 30 swine. It is worth 2O shillings; when received 5 shillings; T.R.E. 25 shillings. This land Alvied of Elesberie [Aylesbury] held and could sell.

In the same vill Bernard holds of the count 3 hides and 1 virgate as one manor. There is land for 1 plough. Half a plough is there and there could be (another) half a plough. There are 2 bordars and woodland (to feed) 30 swine. It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 2O shillings. This land 2 men of the abbot of St. Albans held and could sell.

In the same vill Fulcold holds of the count 1 hide and i virgate. There is land for 4 oxen (to plough), and these are there; woodland is there (to feed) 10 swine. It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 10 shillings. This land Gladuin, a man of the abbot of St. Albans, held and could sell.

fo. 146b

From the manor of [Pitstone] Turgis, the count's man, took away 6 hides which the count himself holds unjustly in his demesne.

In [(Ivinghoe) Aston] Ralf holds of the count 3 virgates. There is land for half a plough, and this is there with 1 villein. It is and was worth 5 shillings; T.R.E. 10 shillings. This land Goduin, a priest of Archbishop S(tigand), held and could sell.

In [Cheddington] Ralf holds of the count 1 hide and 1 virgate. There is land for 1 plough, and this is there with 1 bordar. It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 10 shillings. This land 3 men of Archbishop S(tigand) held and could sell.

In the same vill Rannulf holds of the count half a hide. There is land for half a plough, and this is there with i villein. It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 10 shillings. This land Leving a man of the abbot of St. Albans held and could sell.

In [Horton] Alestan holds of the count 1 virgate. There is land for 2 It is and was worth 2 3 shillings. This land oxen (to plough). shillings; T.R.E. Bruman, a man of Archbishop S(tigand), held and could sell.

In [Swanbourne] Ralf and Almar hold 5 hides. There is land for 5 ploughs. One is there, and there could be 4 (more). There are 2 villeins, and meadow (sufficient) for 5 plough (teams). This land is worth 40 shillings; when received 6 pounds; T.R.E. 100 shillings. Of this manor Brixtuin, a thegn of King Edward, held 4½ hides, and Almar, a man of Earl Harold, 1⅓ Chides. They could sell (their land).

In [Selden ] Ralf holds of the count 3 hides and half a virgate as one manor. There is land for 3 ploughs, and (these) are there with 3 villeins and 2 bordars. There is meadow (sufficient) for 3 plough (teams). It is and was worth 30 shillings; T.R.E. 40 shillings. This manor 4 thegns held. Of these one was a man of Alwin, the second a man of Alwin of Neuham, the third a man of Alward, the fourth a man of Azor. All these could sell (their land).

In [Mursley] Alverad holds of the count 1 hide. There is land for half a plough. It is and was worth 7 shillings; T.R.E. 10 shillings. This land Eduin, a man of Azor, held and could sell.

In BETESDENE [Biddlesden] the same count holds 3 virgates. There is land for 1 plough, but it has been laid waste. This land Alric, a man of Alwin son of Coding, held and could sell.

In [Hillesden] Rannulf holds of the count 1 hide. There is land for 1 plough, and (this) is there with 3 bordars. Meadow is there (sufficient) for I plough (team), woodland (to feed) 10 swine. It is worth 30 shillings; when received 12 shillings; T.R.E. 30 shillings. This land Lewin, a man of Alric son of Coding, held and could sell.

In [Marsh (Gibbon)] the monks of Grestein [Grestain] hold 11 hides of the

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text:
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 sensible perception of such a thing as this, and not of this particular thing, yet it is necessary to have a sensible perception of this particular thing, and some where and now. But it is impossible sensibly to perceive the universal and in all things, for it is not this particular thing, nor now, otherwise it would not be universal, since we call the universal that which is always and every where. Since then demonstrations are universal, but these cannot be perceived by sense, it is plain that neither can scientific be possessed through sense. In fact, it is clear, that even if we could perceive by sense that a triangle has angles equal to two right, we should require demonstration, and not, as some say, know this scientifically, for it is necessary sensibly to perceive the singular, but science is from the knowledge of the universal. Wherefore also if we were above the moon, and saw the earth opposite, we should not know the cause of an eclipse (of the moon). For we should perceive that it is eclipsed, but in short should not perceive why, since there would not be a sensible perception of the universal. Nevertheless, from observing this frequently to happen, by investigation of the universal, we should obtain demonstration, for the universal is manifest from many singulars, but is valuable, because it discloses the cause, wherefore the universal (knowledge) about such things, of which there is another cause, is more honourable than the senses and apprehension: about first principles however there is another reason.


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Rh count. There is land for 13 ploughs. In the demesne are 4 hides, and on it are 3 ploughs. There 17 villeins with 3 bordars have 10 ploughs. There are 8 serfs. In all it is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 8 pounds. This manor Ulf son of Borgerete held and could sell, and a man of Bondi the staller had there half a hide and could sell it.

In CALDECOTE [Caldecot] Alvered holds 4 hides and i virgateof the count as one manor. There is land for 4 ploughs. On the de- mesne arc ij ploughs, and there could be half a plough more. There are 2 vavassors paying 32 shillings and 6 pence, and I villein and 5 bordars with 2 ploughs. There is i serf, and a mill worth (de) 5 ' ores ' and 4 pence. Meadow (sufficient) for 2 plough (teams) and woodland (to feed) 24 swine and (paying) 28 pence of dues (de consuetudinibus). In all (totis valentiis) it is and was worth T.R.E. and after(valuit semper) 4 pounds. This manor 4 thegns held T.R.E. and they could sell and assign it (dare) to whom they wished.

In [Woughton-on-the-Green] Ralf holds of the count 4 hides as one manor. There is land for 4 ploughs. On the demesne is 1, and there could be another. There 3 villeins with 6 bordars have 1 plough and there could be another. There are 2 serfs, and meadow (sufficient) for 4 plough (teams). In all it is worth 3 pounds ; when received 4 pounds ; T.R.E. 3 pounds. This manor 8 thegns held. Of these, four, men of Alvric Varu, had half a hide, and one, a man of Alric son of Godin, 1 hide and half a virgate, and one, a man of Ulward son of Eddeva, 1 hide and 1 virgate, and one, a man of Lewin son of Estan, half a hide, and one, a man of Baldwin, half a hide, and one, a man of Morcar, half a hide, and one, a man of Sewolt, 1 virgate. All these could sell (their land).

In LOCHINTONE [Loughton] Walter holds of the count half a hide. There is land for half a plough, and this is there with i villein. This land is worth 20 shillings ; when re- ceived 5 shillings ; T.R.E. 20 shillings. This land Elma:r, a man of Alvric son of Coding, held and could sell.

In [Linford ] Rannulf holds of the count 2 hides. There is land for 2 ploughs, and these are there with 4 villeins and 3 bordars and i serf. Meadow is there (sufficient) for 2 plough (teams). It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 40 shillings. This land was held by 2 men of Alric son of Coding. They could sell their land.

In [Weston (Underwood)] Ivo holds of the count 1 hide and two thirds (partes) of 1 virgate. There is land for i plough. There are 2 oxen with 2 bordars, meadow (sufficient) for 1 plough (team), woodland (to feed) 20 swine. It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 20 shillings. This land 3 thegns held. Of these 2, men of Burgeret, had 3 virgates and two thirds (partes) of 1 virgate ; the third a man of Alric son of Coding, had 1 virgate. They could sell (their land).

In [Lavendon] Humfrey holds of the count 2½ hides as one manor. There is land for 2½ ploughs. In the demesne are 1½ hides, and on it is I plough j and 3 villeins with 5 bordars have 1½ ploughs. There are 2 serfs and one mill worth (de) 10 shillings and 50 eels, meadow (sufficient) for 2 plough (teams), and woodland (to feed) 40 swine. It is worth 40 shillings ; when received 20 shil- lings ; T.R.E. 4 pounds. This manor a man of Alric son of Coding held and could sell.

In [Wavendon] Ralf holds of the count 2 hides as one manor. There is land for 2j ploughs. On the demesne is 1 ; and 2 villeins with 3 bordars have 1 plough and there could be half a plough (more). There is I serf, meadow (sufficient) for 2 plough (teams), woodland (to feed) 15 swine. It is worth 20 shillings; when received 10 shil- lings ; T.R.E. 40 shillings. This manor Golnil, a housecarlof King Edward, held and could sell.

In the same (vill), Walter holds of the count 2 hides as one manor. There is land

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 two others with him, and leaving the rest to await his return from the north. Taking with them six camels, one horse, and twelve weeks' provisions, the little party sallied forth on the 16th December. They took a direction mainly north, and nearly on the 140th degree of east longitude, arriving at the mouth of the Flinders River on 11th February, 1861, without, however, being able to get a glimpse of the sea.

After a wearisome march, in the later stages of which one of the party sank through fatigue and want of sustenance, they made the Cooper's Creek depôt again on the evening of the 21st April, in the joyful anticipation of finding at last all their troubles at an end. The camp, however, was deserted, and although they looked yet again for some indications that the absence must surely be but temporary, they looked in vain for any such symptom. An adjacent tree was marked "Dig," and on digging at the foot they found a small supply of provisions, and with them a note to the effect that the party in waiting had left for the River Darling, homewards. The note was dated the 21st April, at noon; the same day on which it was read by Burke, and only seven hours previously!

What was to be done? Attempt in their worn-out state to follow this fresh party for 400 miles to the Darling! There was a difference of opinion on this point, but Burke's view was that


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Rh while the vicar of High Wycombe, a notable puritan, openly proclaimed that they were ' lazy, unconscionable, ambitious ministers ' who would not preach twice on a Sunday. The habit of wandering from church to church for the sake of hearing sermons was alluded to in a letter of Dr. Farmery to Archbishop Laud as common in this county.

As might be expected, the king's unfortunate ' Book of Sports ' gave great offence in Buckinghamshire, and a large number of incum- bents refused to read it from the pulpit : three were even suspended for so doing, the most notable of these being Thomas Valentine of Chalfont St. Giles, afterwards a member of the Assembly of Divines.' Some who did read it expressed their disapproval of it in other ways, as, for instance, by concluding with a prayer ' We beseech Thee, Good Lord, stand up and defend Thy sabbaths from profanation ' and the like. The gentry insisted on holding musters in the churchyards (John Hampden and Sir Edmund Verney, who afterwards took opposite sides in the national quarrel, were both notable offenders in this respect) ; and if the clergy appealed against this, their patrons would ' storm like so many termagants. Elections of parish officers were often held in the churches with much brabbling and jangling.' 8 There was also a growing contempt for holy days, and terrible irreverence in church at divine service ; not only did the majority refuse to bow at the holy name, but they usually sat through the whole service and sermon (some- times with their hats on throughout), or even lay full length along their pews. It is easy to see how acts of this kind, proceeding in the case of some from conscientious scruples, would be imitated by many who neither cared for God nor regarded man. A justice of the peace, one of the very few who sympathized with the Laudian revival, remarked to

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Rh Dr. Andrewes just after the metropolitical visitation of 1634 that no gentleman^ and but very few others of lower rank, sat uncovered or kneeled at prayers. There were disorders of other kinds : the curates of Biddlesden and Stone and the rector of Grove were censured at about the same time for abetting secret marriages marrying people ' in gloves and masks.' It was not indeed without cause that Sir Nathanael Brent at the visitation above named, reported that ' this corner of the diocese, being most distant, is much suspected of Puritanism.' John Andrewes had written just before to the chancellor of Lincoln, ' Good sir, for the honour of God and the love to Jesus Christ, I beseech you to do your endeavour, that we all, both priests and people, may walk after one rule, and not every Jack to overrule the Church laws.' The ecclesiastical authorities certainly did their endeavour, at the metropolitical visitation of 1634 and at others which followed during the next few years, but the mischief had gone too far. Much was hoped from the coming of Sir Nathanael Brent in August 1634; Sir Edmund Verney and John Hampden both made apology for their misdemeanours ; but in the October following Andrewes complained that though ' the injunctions of Mr. Vicar General ' were kept ' even by the dreadful grandees of our parish ' for a day or two, yet as soon as he had turned his back, things went back to their old way. One whom he met out riding asked him ' in sober sadness ' whether the orders of Sir Nathanael were seriously intended to be kept ; for neither clergymen nor laymen (especially gentlemen and men of wealth) would keep them, but laughed and jeered at them. The talk of the common people showed where their sym- pathies lay : ' yourself,' writes Andrewes to Sir John Lambe, ' are banned and cursed to the pit of hell for suspending Mr. Gladman of Chesham and Mr. Valentine of Chalfont St. Giles. Oh how severely will God exact at your hands the blood of so many souls which must necessarily (notwithstanding Mr. Calvin's predestination) be damned for want of these bibble-babble sermons ! " These priests and bishops, they set them to vex the godly. As for Mr. Foster, Mr. Askew, Mr. Langley, Mr. Wright, if these stay long they will bring the whole country to the papist orders of the canons and such fopperies." Andrewes writes with the bitter energy of a man who fights in a losing cause ; and if his words were unsupported by other evidence we might suspect them of exaggeration. But the visitation reports of 1634, 1635 and 1637 show that the account he gives of the state of the

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Rh county was not too highly coloured. It is impossible in a short sketch like this to speak of all these in detail, but that of 1637 cannot be passed over, as it shows not only the condition of the churches at that time, but the very moderate uniformity to which the authorities wished to reduce them.

The report gives an account of 111 churches and 5 parochial chapels ; the important towns of Buckingham, Aylesbury and High Wycombe are not however included in the survey. The details are so full that it is difficult to make a fair selection from them ; and yet a mere summary cannot produce anything like the impression left upon the mind of one who reads them through steadily from beginning to end. There are only three out of all the churches here named with which but little fault could be found ; at Dorton all that was ordered was a new service book for the clerk ; at Grendon Underwood no school was to be kept thenceforward in the church ; at Weston Turville a linen cloth was to be provided for the communion table. Six others, though not in good order, were at least in decent repair ; all the rest presented a picture of neglect, decay and ruin beyond description.

The interior of one of these Buckinghamshire churches of 1637 (we may fairly hope that there was nothing worse to be seen in any other part of the kingdom) would have presented a strange and un- familiar appearance to any one accustomed even to the least ornate of our modern churches. Looking from the west door towards the altar he would have seen a motley assembly of wooden pews, varying in size and height according to the taste of the owner ; some six feet high, some seven, some nine ; some roofed in, and others not. The inter- vening spaces were filled with benches for public use, men on one side and women on the other, very often broken in the boards or in the flooring, and in many cases so arranged that their occupants sat with their backs to the altar. As to the altar itself, it was probably invisible ; even if the pulpit or some great pew did not obstruct the view, there was a solid boarded partition between the chancel and the church, and beyond that perhaps a great family tomb standing in the middle of the

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Rh sanctuary. The actual fabric of most of the churches was seriously in decay ; many wanted new lead for the roof, where the rain came in ; pillars and buttresses were crumbling, walls sometimes black with mois- ture, and seventy-four at least had one or more of the windows broken and dammed up with boards or straw. The pavements were sunk and uneven ; huge funeral monuments darkened the windows which remained unbroken. Only in four cases, it should be mentioned, was the altar out of its proper place, and only in two were the rails abso- lutely wanting : what the visitors had to deal with was a general disorder and decay.

Their requirements may be briefly summed up. Actual decay and ruin must of course be repaired ; but beyond this a minimum of uni- formity was desired, which most Churchmen of the present day would think very moderate. The pews must be reduced to one level, and the eastern benches transformed from seats into desks ; the walls must be whitewashed and painted with sentences from Holy Scripture ; the communion table must be in good condition, and stand altar-wise against the wall, covered with a ' carpet,' if possible of silk, and fringed ; over it must hang not the King's arms, nor some gentle- man's arms, but the Ten Commandments neatly framed. The rails must extend from wall to wall, and a kneeling-bench must be placed below them that the communicants might have no excuse for stand- ing. The pulpit must have a cushion upon it ' well stuffed with feathers,' and provided with tassels, and a fringed cloth to match the carpet.' There must be a surplice and a hood for the priest, a linen cloth and napkin for the altar, a chalice with a cover, a flagon, a bier and a hearse cloth. Every church must possess, as well as the Bible and service book, a copy of the canons and the homilies, and

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Rh Bishop Jewel's works (especially the controversy with Harding) ; also a book for entering the names of strange preachers. A pair of organs was desired but not required. Some churches might indeed rise above this standard ; but none was to fall below.

It will be remembered that in 1519 there was much decay, neglect and irreverence in Buckinghamshire, about forty years before the acces- sion of Elizabeth ; but this was nothing to the neglect and irreverence that prevailed about forty years after her death. Perhaps we may see in this the last halting-place of the extreme party of reform within the Church.

Not many cases from this county were referred to the Court of High Commission ; only a few which were quite deserving of punish- ment, such as flagrant irreverence and evil living. There was a consistory court established however at Leighton Buzzard, which gave great offence in the neighbourhood though Sir Nathanael Brent said there was more complaining than proving ; none of its acts have been recorded. The ordinary archdeaconry courts were held at Aylesbury, Buckingham, Stony Stratford, Little Brickhill, etc. In 1642 the Civil War began, and Buckinghamshire was found for the most part on the side of the Parliament. The county town

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text: Tracks of McKinlay and party across Australia/Dates of Australian Discovery, Exploration, and Settlement


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Manuche, Cosmo


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Margaret


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Marks, Henry Stacey


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Marryat, Florence


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Bateman-Champain, John Underwood


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Bates, Harry


text:
Page:Tracks of McKinlay and party across Australia.djvu/47

 they should make for the nearest pastoral station of South Australia, which he had understood was at Mount Hopeless, about 150 miles to the southward, and accordingly they started in this direction the next day. Mindful of exploratory discipline, they place a note in the cache at the foot of the tree, stating their arrival, and their proposed route, and their inability, in their exhausted state, to make more than four or five miles a day. They also take the provisions left for them, but they do not deem it necessary to leave any external indications of their visit. Slowly they toil along in the new direction. Two of the six camels had survived hitherto, but they also sink early in these renewed labours. Their flesh is carefully preserved as a last addition to the scanty stock, but no water can be met with on the new route after they have turned off southward from the main bed of the Cooper. They struggled forward in vain hope, but were at last compelled to return. They believed they had made only about forty-five miles, but they were in reality much further on. " They decided to return at a point where, though they knew it not, scarce fifty miles remained to be accomplished, and just as Mount Hopeless would have appeared above the horizon, had they continued their route for even another day."


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 There is yet the climax of mishap. Brahe and the Cooper's Creek party, after eight days' march, met Wright with the rest of the expedition, coming on at last from the Darling. The two leaders agree to return to Cooper's Creek, as a last chance for the missing travellers, and they arrive there on the 8th May, but, unable to detect any change in appearances at the depot, after remaining a few minutes, they return to Melbourne.

With still a very small remnant of provisions, including a little dried camel's flesh, Burke and his party had yet a faint hope of saving themselves, and they even contemplated a second attempt towards Mount Hopeless. They eked out their stores of food by a seed called "nardoo," which, following the natives' example, they ground with a stone and baked. But even this operation required more strength than they had left, and the only resource appeared to be to find a camp of natives, who are in considerable numbers on the Cooper, and to trust to their precarious hospitalities until assistance might arrive from the colony.

Getting feebler and feebler in this final march, Wills first lies down to die, requesting the others to go on. This was on the 28th June. Burke was similarly exhausted the second day after, and died the following morning. Four


text:
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 days after leaving Wills, King, now the sole survivor, returned to ascertain his fate. He had been left in a native "gunyah," with a small supply of nardoo, but poor Wills, too, had expired.

King succeeded in reaching the natives, by whom he was kindly received and cared for during two months and a half, until rescued on the 15th September, by the party under Mr. Alfred Howitt, despatched in search of the missing expedition by the Victoria government. King's narrative is favourable to the natives, who gave him regularly food and shelter, and even showed him acts of kindness. At first, indeed, they seemed to get soon tired of him, and made signs for him to be off. But King was not disposed to take these hints, and when they themselves decamped, with the view of being rid of him, he followed them.

At last they looked on him as one of themselves, sharing with him their fish and nardoo, while he on his part would amuse and gratify them by shooting crows occasionally, cooking the birds, and sharing the repast. Their kindly disposition was shown when King having, at their request, conducted them to the spot where Burke's body lay, they all shed tears, and covered the body over with bushes. He made them understand that the white people would come for him shortly, and would


text:
Author:Wilhelm Eduard Weber

Works

 * Die Wellenlehre auf Experimente gegründet
 * Elektrodynamische Maassbestimungen
 * Mechanik der menschlichen Gehwerkzeuge
 * Collected in Wilhelm Weber's Werke (6 volumes)

title: Author:Wilhelm Eduard Weber


text:
Author:John Frederic Daniell

Works

 * An Introduction to the Study of Chemical Philosophy
 * Meteorological Essays and Observations
 * Elements of Meteorology

title: Author:John Frederic Daniell


text:
Page:Tracks of McKinlay and party across Australia.djvu/50

 give them tomahawks and other good things. They were impatient for these promised presents, and when Howitt and his party approached they informed King, and went themselves readily to meet the party.

The records of this important journey are scanty and imperfect, but sufficient to guide us as to the character of central Australia, in the particular direction that was taken. Burke passed through some good and grassy country north of the Cooper, and before entering "the Desert." From the Desert to the tropic was generally stony and poor, but from the tropic to the Gulf there was a large proportion of richly grassed and well watered land, interspersed with hill ranges. In the dry central region, the party noticed in repeated instances that there were marks of flooding along the banks of creeks, and over parts of the country they passed through, although at the time of their visit everything was burnt up. Their experiences of the Desert were of a less inhospitable kind than those of Sturt. A week after leaving the Cooper they are within its limits, and they thus describe it:—

"'Sunday, Dec. 23rd.—At 5 we struck out across the Desert in a west-north-west direction… We found the ground not nearly so bad for travelling on as that between Balloo and Cooper's Creek; in fact I do not know whether it arose from our exaggerated anticipation of horrors or not, but we thought it for from bad travelling ground, and as to"


text:
Author:William Allen Miller

Works

 * Magnetism and Electricity (1858)
 * Introduction to the study of inorganic chemistry (1871)
 * Elements of chemistry: theoretical and practical (1863)

title: Author:William Allen Miller


text:
Author:Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann

As Author

 * Die Lehre vom Galvanismus und Elektromagnetismus

As Editor

 * Annalen der Physik und Chemie (1877-1899)

title: Author:Gustav Heinrich Wiedemann


text:
Page:Tracks of McKinlay and party across Australia.djvu/53

 "pasture, it is only the actual stony ground that is bare, and many a sheep run is in fact worse grazing than that.'"

This view agrees with that of Howitt, who went into the "Stony Desert" from Cooper's Creek, in July, 1862. He describes the sand and stones as diversified with remains of grass, and with many pools of rain water. He says that on the whole, "the celebrated Desert" is very little different from large tracts in the colony of South Australia known as the "Far North," and "North West."

LANDSBOROUGH, 1861-2. Landsborough's expedition was despatched in the year 1861, by the Government of Victoria, with the view of affording aid to the missing party of Burke and Wills. He was to proceed from the Gulf of Carpentaria southwards, while another expedition under Walker, was appointed to go overland from Rockhampton in Queensland, to the Gulf. A small brig of 200 tons, the "Firefly," was sent round from Melbourne to Queensland with supplies for the two expeditions of Landsborough and Walker, and after embarking a number of horses at Brisbane, sailed with Landsborough and his party for the Gulf. At Hardy's Islands the little brig was driven upon the rocks, adding one to the many previous casualties of the


text:
Author:Hans Christian Ørsted

Works

 * "Experimenta circa effectum conflictus eleici in acum magneticam," translated as "Experiments on the Effects of a Current of Electricity on the Magnetic Needle." in Thomson Annals of Philosophy, vol. 16, (1820), pp. 273-276.
 * "Neuere electro-magnetische Versuche," translated as "New Electromagnetic Experiments'" in Thomson Annals of Philosophy, vol. 16, (1820), pp. 375-77.
 * "On electro-magnetism" Thomson, Annals of Philosophy, vol. 2 (1821) pp. 321-337.
 * Der Geist in der Natur translated by Leonora and Joanna B. Horner as The Soul in Nature (1852)

title: Author:Hans Christian Ørsted


text:
Page:Authors daughter v1.djvu/107

Rh tried to draw out what was good and tolerable in her husband. But though she had had the courage to sacrifice herself to please her parents through a mistaken sense of duty, she had not the patience to bear what she had brought on herself.

I was dangerous to hint to John Derrick any suspicions with regard to Gerald Staunton, but Lady Gower ventured to remonstrate with her niece on the subject of his visits.

"I did not want him to come, aunt," said Eveline sharply, "but Mr. Derrick insisted on it. It was his doing, not mine."

"You never told him of his imprudent and absurd conduct at Gower's Court?"

"No, indeed," said Lady Eveline, "he is quite disposed enough to be jealous without any cause. He cannot live without society and he finds Mr. Staunton agreeable. You know I only have him here on my public days—not like he Beresfords and Mr. Hollingworth, who are here on all occasions. I did remonstrate with Mr. Derrick at first, but of course whatever I appear to wish he is sure to go against. Besides, whatever Mr. Staunton may have felt, or I may have felt, our position is very different now. If you and mamma and papa amongst you have made me very miserable, all for my own good, I think you may let me alone now."

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104 "Well, I can drop a hint to Staunton," said Lady Gower.

"No, no," said Eveline, turning as pale as death. "Don't let him think so meanly of me as that he needs be afraid of me, or that you have no confidence in me. Oh aunt, you ought to consider me a little."

But Lady Gower was determined, and managed to give Staunton to understand that he had better discontinue his visits to —— street. About the same time he received the offer of a lucrative appointment at Sierra Leone, which Lady Gower had exerted all her influence to procure. He was getting on but slowly in his profession and was a little embarrassed in his circumstances, so that the offer was opportune. He had also felt that it was not safe to see so much of Lady Eveline Derrick, whom he knew now to be unhappy, so he closed with the offer hastily, and busied himself with preparations for his departure. His only sister regretted the step he took, but as he had behaved very liberally to her in making over all the slender patrimony he had inherited to add to her fortune, she was able to marry a young curate to whom she was engaged, and he felt satisfied that he had left her under the best of protection.

It was necessary to take leave of his London

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 IV

THE LANDSMAN'S POINT OF VIEW

centuries ago the whole outlook of mankind was changed in a single generation by the voyages of the great pioneers, Columbus, Da Gama, and Magellan. The idea of the unity of the ocean, beforehand merely inferred from the likeness of the tides in the Atlantic and Indian waters, suddenly became a part of the mental equipment of practical men. A similar revolution is in progress in the present generation in the rapid realisation of the unity of the Continent owing to modern methods of communication by land and air. The Islanders have been slow to understand what is happening. Britain went into the War for the defence of her neighbours, Belgium and France, seeing vaguely perhaps that she was herself threatened through their danger, but almost unanimous in her decision only because of a moral tie, her bond in regard to Belgium. America was shocked by the Lusitania tragedy, and was ultimately brought


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Rh cheerfully remark, "Well, now, I call that a pretty good yarn to spin out of nothing." Then some one, perhaps a lady, might say, "Why, Captain Johnson, is it not true?" and he would smile pleasantly and reply, "True? Why bless your soul, I never heard of a brig called the Diadem, and never was in Calcutta in my life." He had a number of these stories, and in China we never tired of listening to them.

Captain Johnson was an uncommonly able man and a most agreeable companion. He remained in command of the Invincible for several years, and in the early sixties he took in succession three frail wooden side-wheel river steamboats, the Fire Dart, Fire Cracker, and Fire Queen, from New York round the Cape of Good Hope to China, with no accident or mishap—a remarkable achievement. In 1866, Captain Johnson was the navigator, but not in command, of the yacht Vesta in her race with the Henrietta and Fleetwing across the Atlantic.

The Comet was 1836 tons register, and measured: length 229 feet, breadth 42 feet, depth 22 feet 8 inches. She was owned by Bucklin & Crane, of New York, and was commanded by Captain E. C. Gardner, late of the Celestial, in whose hands she gained a high reputation for speed.

The Sword-Fish was owned by Barclay & Livingston, of New York, and was 1036 tons register; length 169 feet 6 inches, breadth 36 feet 6 inches, depth 20 feet. Although not so extremely sharp as the larger ships built by Mr. Webb during that year, she was quite as handsome, and while

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94 in because of the general infringement of the rights of neutrals by the German submarines. Neither of the Anglo-Saxon nations at first clearly saw the strategical meaning of the War. Theirs was an external view of the Continent, like that of the seamen who named the Guinea, Malabar, Coromandel, and MurmanDemocratic Ideals and Reality, 1919 Fig 14 p 94.jpg 14.—Showing the great part of Asia and Europe whose rivers flow either to the icy north, or into salt lakes without exit to the ocean; also how Africa faces Europe and Asia for 4000 miles. (Equal areas projection.) 'Coasts.' Neither in London nor in New York were International Politics commonly discussed in the way in which they are discussed in the cafés of Continental Europe. In order, therefore, to appreciate the Continental view we must remove our standpoint from without to within the great ring of the 'Coasts.'


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Rh Let us begin by 'brigading' our data, for only so shall we be able to reason conveniently about the realities which the Continent presents for strategical thought. When you are thinking of large things you must think on broad lines; the colonel of a battalion thinks in companies, but the general of a division in brigades. For the purpose of forming our brigades, however, it will be necessary at the outset to go into some degree of geographical detail.

Dingbat 001.jpg Dingbat 001.jpg Dingbat 001.jpg Dingbat 001.jpg Dingbat 001.jpg

The northern edge of Asia is the Inaccessible Coast, beset with ice except for a narrow water lane which opens here and there along the shore in the brief summer owing to the melting of the local ice formed in the winter between the grounded floes and the land. It so happens that three of the largest rivers in the world, the Lena, Yenisei, and Obi, stream northward through Siberia to this coast, and are therefore detached for practical purposes from the general system of the ocean and river navigations. South of Siberia are other


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160 by Captain Babcock she eclipsed them all in speed.

Captain David Sherman Babcock, brother-in-law of Captain N. B. Palmer, was born at Stonington in 1822, and came of a distinguished family, his father being Major Paul Babcock and his grandfather Colonel Harry Babcock of Revolutionary fame. He received the usual New England school education of those days, which appears to have been a sufficient equipment for some of the most useful men that the United States has yet produced.

As a boy David developed a strong desire for a seafaring life, which cannot be wondered at, as at that period Stonington and the neighboring town of Mystic were flourishing seaports, whose ships sailed to every quarter of the globe, and whose jovial mariners kept the social atmosphere well charged with shadowy visions of strange lands, ancient temples, pagodas, palms, and coral isles lying in distant tropical seas. The departure of a ship with colors flying, the crisp, incisive orders of her captain and mates, and the clomp, clomp, clomp, of the windlass pawl, the songs of the sailors heaving up anchor, the hum of the running gear as it rendered through the blocks, and the music of their straining sheaves to the last long pulls on sheets and halliards, were a more potent means of recruiting bright, young boys, soon to become mates and captains of American ships, than all the press-gangs that were ever heard of.

So it came about that young Babcock, at the age of sixteen, was allowed to ship as boy before the mast with Captain Nat Palmer on board the

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96 regions at least as large, drained into salt lakes having no outlet to the ocean; such are the basins of the Volga and Ural Rivers flowing to the Caspian Sea, and of the Oxus and Jaxartes to the Sea of Aral. Geographers usually describe these inward basins as 'Continental.' Taken together, the regions of Arctic and Continental drainage measure nearly a half of Asia and a quarter of Europe, and form a great continuous patch in the north and centre of the continent. That whole patch, extending right across from the icy, flat shore of Siberia to the torrid, steep coasts of Baluchistan and Persia, has been inaccessible to navigation from the ocean. The opening of it by railways—for it was practically roadless beforehand—and by aeroplane routes in the near future, constitutes a revolution in the relations of men to the larger geographical realities of the world. Let us call this great region the Heartland of the Continent.

The north, centre, and west of the Heartland are a plain, rising only a few hundred feet at most above sea level. In that greatest lowland on the Globe are included Western Siberia, Turkestan, and the Volga basin of Europe, for the Ural Mountains, though a long range, are not of important


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 Democratic Ideals and Reality, 1919 Fig 15 p 97.jpg 15.—The Great Lowland, which is seen to extend westward into Europe, beyond the limits of the Heartland. The boundary of the Heartland in the East is here shown as including the lofty plateau courses of the Pacific and Indian rivers.


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98 height, and terminate some three hundred miles north of the Caspian, leaving a broad gateway from Siberia into Europe. Let us speak of this vast plain as the Great Lowland.

Southward the Great Lowland ends along the foot of a tableland, whose average elevation is about half a mile, with mountain ridges rising to a mile and a half. This tableland bears upon its broad back the three countries of Persia, Afghanistan, and Baluchistan; for convenience we may describe the whole of it as the Iranian Upland. The Heartland, in the sense of the region of Arctic and Continental drainage, includes most of the Great Lowland and most of the Iranian Upland; it extends therefore to the long, high, curving brink of the Persian Mountains, beyond which is the depression occupied by the Euphrates Valley and the Persian Gulf.

Now let us travel in imagination to the west of Africa. There, between the latitudes of the Canary and Cape Verde Islands, is a Desert Coast: it was the character of that coast, it will be remembered, which so long baffled the effort of the mediæval sailors to make the southward voyage round Africa. With a breadth of a thousand miles the Sahara spreads thence across the north of Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Valley of the Nile.


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Rh The Sahara is not everywhere an utter desert; there are many oases—trenched valleys with wells to the water percolating underground in their bottoms, or hilly tracts against which at times the clouds gather—but these are minute and scattered exceptions upon a barren and riverless area nearly as large as all Europe. The Sahara is the most unbroken natural boundary in the world; throughout History it has been a barrier between the White and the Black men.

Between the Sahara and the Heartland there is a broad gap which is occupied by Arabia. The two brinks of the Nile Valley are known as Libyan to the West and Arabian to the East; and away beyond the Lower Euphrates, at the foot of the Persian Mountains, is the district known as Arabistan or the country of the Arabs. In complete harmony, therefore, with local usage, Arabia may be regarded as spreading for 800 miles from the Nile to beyond the Euphrates. From the foot of the Taurus Mountains, north of Aleppo, to the Gulf of Aden, it measures no less than 1800 miles. As to one-half, Arabia is desert, and as to the other half mainly dry steppes; although it lies in the same latitudes as the Sahara, it is more productive and carries a more considerable population of


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Rh, and later he sailed again with Captain Palmer as an officer on board the Garrick. After making voyages to India and China on board of various ships, he was appointed at the age of twenty-five to command the ship Charlestown on a voyage to Callao and Lima. In 1850, Captain Babcock married Charlotte, the youngest daughter of Joseph Noyes, of Stonington, and W. I. Babcock, the well-known naval architect and engineer, who first introduced the scientific construction of steel vessels on the Great Lakes, is their son.

The Typhoon was owned by D. & A. Kingsland, of New York, and was commanded by Captain Charles H. Salter, who was born at Portsmouth in 1824, and an ancestor of his. Captain John Salter, commanded a vessel in the European trade during Colonial times, and for generations the Salters had sailed out of Portsmouth in command of ships. Captain Charles Salter went to sea at an early age, and at twenty-two commanded the ship Venice and later the Samuel Badger.

The Typhoon was 1610 tons register, and measured: length 225 feet, breadth 41 feet 6 inches, depth 23 feet. She was fully rigged on the stocks and was launched with skysail-yards aloft and colors flying. Before loading for San Francisco she was sent by her owners to Liverpool and made the passage from Portsmouth during the month of March in 13 days, 10 hours from wharf to dock. She frequently ran 15½ knots by the log on this passage, her best day's run being 346 miles. At Liverpool she attracted much attention, as she was not only the first American clipper, but also the largest

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102 wandering Bedouin. Moreover, it has larger oases, and therefore larger cities. What, however, most distinguishes Arabia both from the Heartland and the Sahara is the fact that it is traversed by three great water-ways in connection with the ocean—the Nile, the Red Sea, and the Euphrates and Persian Gulf. None of these three ways, however, affords naturally a complete passage across the arid belt. The Nile was navigable from the Mediterranean only to the first cataract, midway across the desert, though locks have now been constructed at Assouan which give access as far as the second cataract; and the navigation of the Euphrates ascends only to a point a hundred miles from the Mediterranean. To-day it is true that the Suez Canal unites the Mediterranean to the Red Sea, but it was not only the isthmus which formerly impeded through traffic by this route; persistent north winds of the trade wind current blow down the northern end of the Red Sea, which is beset with rocks, and sailing ships do not willingly attempt the northward voyage to the Canal, which would therefore have been relatively useless but for steam navigation. The former Red Sea route to the Mediterranean was from Kosseir on the west coast over the desert to the Nile at


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Rh Keneh, and then down the Nile; that was the way followed by the British Army when sent from India to Egypt more than a hundred years ago, at the time of the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt and Palestine.

It follows from the foregoing description that the Heartland, Arabia, and the Sahara together constitute a broad, curving belt inaccessible to seafaring people, except by the three Arabian water-ways. This belt extends completely across the great continent from the Arctic to the Atlantic shores. In Arabia it touches the Indian Ocean, and, as a consequence, divides the remainder of the Continent into three separate regions whose rivers flow to the ice-free ocean. These regions are the Pacific and Indian slopes of Asia; the peninsulas and islands of Europe and the Mediterranean; and the great promontory of Africa south of the Sahara. The last-named differs from the other two regions in a very important respect. Its larger rivers, the Niger, Zambesi, and Congo, and also its smaller rivers, such as the Orange and Limpopo, flow across the tableland of the interior, and fall steeply over its edge to relatively short seaward reaches in the narrow coastal lowlands. The long upland courses of these rivers are navigable for several thousand miles, but are for practical


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Portal:Constable and Company

Published Works

 * Hans Andersen's Fairy Tales (1917, Text: Hans Christian Andersen, Illustrations: William Heath Robinson)
 * Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction, 1919 by Halford John Mackinder

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104 purposes as completely detached from the ocean as the rivers of Siberia. The same, of course, is true of the Nile above the cataracts. We may, therefore, regard the interior of Africa south of the Sahara as a second Heartland. Let us speak of it as the Southern Heartland, in contradistinction to the Northern Heartland of Asia and Europe.

Notwithstanding their very different latitudes the two Heartlands present other striking similarities. A great belt of forest, mainly of the evergreen type of the pines and firs, spreads from North Germany and the Baltic shore right across to Manchuria, connecting by a forest-ribbon, as it were, the forests of Europe with those of the Pacific Coast. South of this forest zone the Heartland lies open, with trees only along the river banks and upon the mountains. This vast, open ground is a luscious prairie along the southern border of the forest, and brilliant with bulb-flowers in the spring-time, but southward, as the aridity increases, the grass becomes coarser and more sparse. The whole grassland, rich and poor, is conveniently spoken of as the Steppes, although that name properly belongs only to the less fertile southern tracts which surround the desert patches of Turkestan and Mongolia. The


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Rh Steppes were probably the original habitat of the horse, and in their southern parts of the two-humped camel (Fig. 18).

The Southern Heartland also has its wide open grasslands, which in the Sudan gradually


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Rh friends, and to receive their congratulations and regrets. Among others he must take leave of Lady Eveline, and then keep out of her way for ever.

A few weeks before he called to say farewell, Lady Eveline became the mother of her eldest child—a boy. Her mother and aunt hoped this new element would sweeten her life, and that she would grow contented and happy; but she was one of those women who would love her children through her husband, and for his sake. She had no love for children as children; she had no turn for amusing them, and she had never had any experience with them. This boy was exceedingly like his father, and that, where the father is not loved, is no recommendation to the mothers hear. She had hosts of servants to take all the trouble of the child, and returned to her rounds of gaiety with undiminished zeal. She could not endure her life without the change and excitement of society.

To bid Gerald Staunton good-by for years certainly, and probably for ever, was a thing exceedingly bitter and bewildering to her. She knew that her aunt had moved heaven and earth to procure this appointment, and that it was on her account that he was banished from his own proper sphere, and had his fair prospects of professional success blighted. She showed more emotion than was proper or prudent, and unfortunately she

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106 betrayed to her husband a partiality that was to him in the highest degree offensive.

He had now discovered, as he thought, the cause of her indifference, and he felt that he had been deceived and duped. The vague jealousy he had felt of everyone whom Lady Eveline seemed to like, had now a definite object, and she could no longer parry or deny his reproaches. John Derrick now left his wife more than he had done, lived very fast, and neglected her. This did not distress her so much as it ought to have done; she was much happier in his absence; and the knowledge of that only increased his dislike to her going anywhere, or seeing anyone at home, though he would not take the trouble to accompany her or to help her to entertain her guests.

Three children were born to this mis-matched pair; and one of the three, the youngest, died. This was a legitimate cause of grief to both, and ought to have drawn them to each other; but neither John Derrick nor his wife loved their children so intensely as to grieve for them long, and they both seemed to think that their natural regret was a thing to be dissipated and diverted by amusement and society, rather than to be soothed and sanctified by mutual sympathy. What might have resulted in the course of many years—whether they might have learned to bear their

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 The Biloxi appear to have had an unusual facility for escaping observation, for, although they must have been a fair-sized tribe in his day, Du Pratz omits them entirely from his systematic review of Louisiana tribes. The only mention he makes of them is incidentally in connection with the post of Biloxi, when he remarks that there “was formerly a little nation of this name.”ᵃ From this time on, the tribe appears to have lived near the Pascagoula and on good terms with the French at Mobile. Their history is a blank, however, until the end of French dominion and the beginning of English government in 1763. This change was not at all to the liking of most of the Mobile tribes, and the following year a number of them obtained permission to settle across the Mississippi in Spanish territory. The Biloxi probably went in this migration, but the first we hear of them is in 1784, when Hutchins states that they were west of the Mississippi near the mouth of Red River.ᵇ Their settlement, however, can hardly have remained long in the low country close to the Red River mouth, so that Sibley is probably not far from the truth in saying that they first settled “at Avoyall.”ᶜ According to another authority there were two Biloxi villages in the present parish of Avoyelles, one just back of Marksville and the other at the mouth of Avoyelles bayou. The former was probably the more important, and is said to have been on a half-section of land adjoining that owned by the Tunica. It was granted by the Spanish Government to an Indian whose name is always given as Bosra, and the title was afterward confirmed by the United States.ᵈ Soon afterward, however, the Indians either sold or abandoned this land and moved higher up Red River to Bayou Rapides, and thence to the mouth of the Rigolet de Bon Dieu.ᵉ In 1794-1796 they moved once more and established themselves on the south side of Bayou Bœuf below a band of Choctaw who had come to Louisiana at about the same period. Two years later the Pascagoula followed and settled between the Biloxi and Choctaw.ᶠ Early in the nineteenth century the Biloxi and Pascagoula sold their lands to Messrs. Miller and Fulton, the sale being confirmed by the United States Government May 5, 1805,ᵍ but a part of the Biloxi continued to live in the immediate neighborhood, where they gradually died out or became merged with the Choctaw and other Indian tribes. A still larger part, if we may trust the figures given by Morse, migrated to Texas, and in 1817 were on what is now called Biloxi bayou, Angelina county.ʰ The ultimate fate of

ᵃ Du Pratz, Histoire de la Louisiane, I, p. 42.

ᵇ About 10 miles above the Tonicas village, on the same side of the river, is a village of Pascagoula Indians of 20 warriors; and a little lower down, on the opposite side, there is a village of Biloxi Indians containing 30 warriors.—Hutchins, Hist. Narr. La., p. 45.

ᶜ Ann. of Cong., Ninth Congress, 2d sess., p. 1085.

ᵈ Amer. State Papers, Pub. Lands, III, p. 243.

ᵉ Sibley in Ann. of Ninth Cong., 2d sess., p. 1085.

ᶠ Amer. Stat Papers, Pub. Lands, II, pp. 792-796.

ᵍ Ibid., p. 791

ʰ Morse, Report on Indian Affaires, 1822, p. 373.


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Rh chains more lightly in middle age when companionable children grew up beside them—no one can tell; but during the few years in which they lived together, their unhappiness and their want of congeniality increased rather than diminished; and when John Derrick took an inflammatory fever and died after a short illness, after the shock was over, it was a sensation of relief rather than anything else that was felt by his widow.

The Earl of Darlington had died two years before his son-in-law, and Herbert reigned in his stead; and the two fortunes he had acquired by marriage and inheritance from more plebeian families made him a more wealthy and more useful Earl than had been among the Darlingtons for generations. All encumbrances were cleared off and contiguous estates purchased. Improvement were made and timber planted, and the Dowager-Countess was rather sorry that the breach had been so decided that she could never hope to see Darlington Castle again. She did not regret John Derrick's death, for he had never appreciated Lady Eveline, and after his marriage had been very discourteous to herself; she could now live with Eveline and the dear children. The handsome jointure settled on the younger widow would help the slender provision of the Dowager-

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162 merchant ship that had ever been seen at that port.

The N. B. Palmer was 1490 tons register, and measured: length 214 feet, breadth 39 feet, depth 22 feet. She was owned by A. A. Low & Brother, and was commanded by another brother, Captain Charles Porter Low. He was born at Salem in 1824, and when a child removed with his parents to Brooklyn. At any early age he manifested a decided liking for ships and the society of sailors, and much against the wishes of his parents, he determined to go to sea. In 1842 he shipped as boy before the mast on board of the Horatio, with Captain Howland and made the round voyage to China. He made a voyage to Liverpool with Captain Griswold in the Toronto as ordinary seaman, and was an able seaman on board the Courier to Rio Janeiro. He then sailed as third, second, and chief mate of the Houqua, with the brothers. Captain Nat, Alexander, and Theodore Palmer, and at the age of twenty-three took command of that ship. As we have seen, he also commanded the Samuel Russell on her first voyage to San Francisco.

The N. B. Palmer was perhaps the most famous ship built in the Westervelt yard. In China she was known as "the Yacht," and with her nettings in the tops, brass guns, gold stripe, and her lavish entertainments on the Fourth of July and Washington's Birthday, she well deserved the title. Her captain was a princely host, as well as a thorough seaman, and a fine navigator. A full-rigged model of the N. B. Palmer was exhibited at the Crystal Palace, London, in 1851, and attracted much

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108 Countess. Eveline had been a dear good girl to sacrifice her own inclinations as she had done, and if she had suffered a little, her troubles were now at an end, and a life of freedom and independence begun at twenty-three was a compensation for her filial obedience.

And so all appeared to go very smoothly for a few months afar Eveline's widowhood. She grew fonder of her children and took some pains with them; and her husband's relations, who thought John had been but poorly treated by his aristocratic wife, could now find no fault with her exemplary conduct. She lived in a quiet and retired way; she occupied herself as she ought to do, and did not pine after gaiety and excitement, the love for which had driven poor John from his home. The old gentleman had felt the premature death of his only son a heavy blow, but he fixed his hopes all the more intensely on his two grand-children, Anthony and Edith.

Miss Hope had left the Derrick family some years before. Indeed she was in town making arrangements for going into another situation, with the highest recommendations from her former employers, at the time when Gerald Staunton was going to Sierra Leone. Mr. John Derrick, who always liked her society, had asked her to make his house her home for a week or two, all the

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Rh more pressingly because he knew that Lady Eveline did not wish it She was so agreeable and so sympathising, that he confided in her his discovery of Lady Eveline's previous attachment, and she said nothing to mitigate his wrath. It was a relief to have a person to talk to who took such a right view of a woman's duty to her husband. He could not help thinking that he might have done better if he had been less ambitiously matched, but now in the hazy distance of the past, he forgot that the offer had been his own voluntary act, and only recollected how anxious the Darlington family had been to secure him. Miss Hope was too willing to believe that he had been entrapped, and to give Lady Eveline credit for duplicity; and perhaps Lady Eveline had as much right to be offended at the manner in which they spoke of her, and at the tender reminiscences they called up of old days at Stanmore, as John had at her emotion in parting with Gerald Staunton. But Miss Hope was prudent; she shortened her visit and went to Hastings, where her mother had recently taken up her abode, although it was not nearly so convenient for the business she had to do, and then entered on her new situation with a determination to be very careful of her heart.

It was not so good a situation in any respect

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Rh as a fine example of the American clipper-ship type.

The Hurricane was owned by C. W. & H. Thomas, of New York, and registered 1607 tons. She had the reputation of being the sharpest ship ever built at or near New York, and she carried plenty of canvas, with Cunningham's rolling topsails, being one of the first American vessels so fitted. Across the lower part of her foretopsail she carried her name painted in large black letters that could be read much further than any signals and looked very smart and shipshape. Her commander. Captain Samuel Very, was born at Salem in 1815, and was a son of John Crowninshield Very, a mariner who had sailed on many a brave Salem ship. Among other experiences, he was one of the survivors of a shipwreck in mid-ocean during the year 1810, when he was picked up by a passing vessel after twenty-three days in an open boat. Admiral Samuel W. Very, U. S. N., is a son of Captain Samuel Very, and was born at Liverpool while the Hurricane lay in the Mersey.

The Northern Light, of 1021 tons register, measured: length 180 feet, breadth 36 feet, depth 21 feet 6 inches. She was a very sharp ship below the water-line, with 40 inches dead-rise at half floor, and full, powerful lines above water and on deck. She was built by the Briggs Brothers at South Boston, and owned by James Huckins of Boston. Mr. Huckins was a jolly, kind-hearted gentleman whom every one liked. His house-flag was a white field, swallowtail, with a blue star in the centre, and when he took his two sons into partnership,

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110 as the one she had left, but she gave perfect satisfaction. Here she met with Mr. Hammond, who was going out to Australia, with what was a small capital in England, but which in the infant days of Adelaide was a very handsome sum to begin upon. He had not very much idea of colonial life, and had a notion that there were few women and no ladies there. He admired Miss Hope's beauty, her style, and her accomplishments; and he thought her a very clever, clear-headed sensible woman, who would make a good wife for a colonist; so he proposed and was accepted. He had at first fancied that he had demeaned himself a little by offering his hand to a governess, and expected she should feel very grateful and a little surprised; but no sooner was he engaged than she made him feel her superiority, though not uncomfortably, and after his marriage he rested in the conviction that Mrs. Hammond was the cleverest woman in the world, and was capable of taking any place in society that she chose. She talked of aristocratic circles in which she had mixed with confidence and fluency, and in the remote regions of South Australia her really well-acquired accomplishments, her excellent style of dress, her accurate language, her clever well-written notes, and her perfect self-possession fixed her at once as la crème de la

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Rh crème, at the very top rank of colonial aristocracy.

The term squatter, which has so low and mean a sound to English ears, is quite euphonious and aristocratic in Australia; and when Mr. Hammond invested his capital in sheep and settled on the crown lands of South Australia, he took a position equal to that of the best professional men or leading merchants in the colony, and one more likely to lead to fortune, in those days at least. There are exceptions, as in the case of self-made men like Hugh Lindsay, but the bulk of our sheepfarmers consist of people who brought capital into the colony, and they hold up their heads accordingly.

In all Mr. Hammond's transactions, great and small, he always asked his wife's advice, and always took it; and as her judgment was excellent she really helped him on. Everything prospered with them; his runs were in the choicest localities, his sheep improved rapidly in wool-bearing qualities, his overseers were always trustworthy, his expenses were moderate. When he was forced to buy land it always happened that he had the means of paying for it, and that it was the best thing possible for him to purchase and enclose at that particular time; though every time the hundreds were declared he felt aggrieved

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112 and said the Government did not do justice to the squatters. Mr. Hammond certainly was a little extravagant about horses, but his wife allowed it, because she thought he could afford it, and gentlemen must have some hobby or other. It was the only matter in which his judgment was superior to hers, and as he had got a name for keeping excellent stock he did not lose much even on that.

Mrs. Hammond was therefore going steadily up. If she married her husband without any absorbing attachment, she had a large stock of prudence, and she made the very best of all the elements of her life. She was passionately fond of her children, and so was Mr. Hammond; indeed they were fonder of their children than they were of each other. It was the strongest tie between them—much stronger than the tie of mutual interest. Miss Hope had not told her lover of her first attachment; it could do no good and was quite unnecessary. There were so many mortifying circumstances connected with it that she preferred to keep silence on the whole affair, and begin her new life in a new country with every advantage. She might have been happier, and of course she would have been of more importance as Mrs. Derrick than as Mrs. Hammond, but on the whole she was very comfortable and had much in her power. She had been able to assist her

title: Page:Authors daughter v1.djvu/116