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The Moths of the British Isles Second Series/Chapter 14

This family—the Ægeriadæ of some authors—has over one hundred Palæarctic species assigned to it; these are distributed among five genera, two of which are not represented in Britain. Fourteen species are found in the British Isles, but to obtain fine specimens of most of them the mature caterpillars or the chrysalids will have to be collected and the moths reared. All species emerge from the chrysalis early in the forenoon, and then only under the influence of sunshine.

The caterpillars are somewhat maggot-like, and live in stems, branches, and roots of trees and shrubs; or in the crowns and roots of low-growing plants. The majority, possibly all, are nearly two years in arriving at full growth.

As indicated by the English name this moth, and also that next to be mentioned, are very like the hornet (Vespa crabro). On turning to Plate 154, Fig. 1, it will be seen that this species has a yellow head and patches of yellow on the shoulders; these characters at once separate it from T. crabroniformis.

The caterpillar is yellowish white, with a red brown head, and a yellow plate on the first ring of the body. It feeds on the roots and lower portion of the trunks of poplar. The brown shining chrysalis is enclosed in a cocoon of wood scrapings woven together with silk. The moth is out in May and June; and has been found, newly emerged, sitting on stems of poplar in the morning.

The eastern counties of England appear to be most favoured by this species, but it also occurs northwards to Yorkshire, southwards to Devonshire, and a specimen has been recorded from Rhyl, North Wales. In Scotland, it has been reported from some localities in the south; Kane states that he has reason to believe that the species occurs in the northern half of Ireland, and that he found caterpillars plentiful in young poplars growing in a marsh near the city of Waterford.

Another hornet-like moth, best distinguished from that just mentioned by the yellow collar behind the black head (Plate 154, Fig. 7 ♀). The male is rather smaller, but otherwise similar.

The caterpillar is yellowish white, with dark brownish head, and a blackish edged yellow plate on the first ring of the body. It feeds in stems of sallow, willow, and poplar. In late June and through July the moth is on the wing, and may occasionally be seen at rest on leaves or stems of sallow, etc.

The species, known also as bembeciformis, Hübner, is generally distributed throughout England, Wales, and Ireland; in Scotland its range extends into Perthshire.

Abroad it seems pretty much confined to Holland, Northern and Central Germany, Austria, and Bohemia.

This species is the Trochelium vespiforme of some British authors, and the Ægeria asiliformis of Stephens and others.

Another English name for it is the Dusky Clearwing, and this refers to the cloudy fore wings.

Stephens, writing of it in 1828, remarks: "Occasionally taken on poplars, near London, in June. I have obtained it from the neighbourhood of Bexley, and from Birchwood; but it is doubtless a rare species, and exists in few collections: of the male, I have hitherto seen but two specimens, one of which I possess." Both places mentioned by Stephens are in Kent, and one or two specimens of the species have since been reported from Ashford in the same county. The late Henry Doubleday took specimens at Epping, Essex. Colney Hatch Wood in Middlesex has also been given as a locality in the past; more recently two specimens have been noted from Chiswick. The example shown on Plate 154, Fig. 4, is of continental origin.

The caterpillar lives under the bark of poplar trunks, and the moth flies in June and July.

As a British species this insect was first noted from Llangollen, in North Wales, somewhere about fifty years ago. In 1867 it was found to inhabit birch woods in the Rannoch district of Scotland, and later on its presence was detected in Sutherlandshire. It has been recorded from Hereford; one example was reported from Wiltshire in 1857; and two from Delamere Forest, Cheshire (1901 and 1905). Kane (Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Ireland) states that moths have been taken at Killarney, and caterpillars obtained in the same district, and also at Kenmare.

The caterpillar (Plate 156, Fig. 3; after Hofmann) feeds on the inner layer of bark of large birch trees, and is full grown about May. It turns to a dark brownish chrysalis, in a cocoon formed close up to the bark, which thinly covers the outer end of the burrow. The moth flies in June or sometimes July. It is of comparatively large size, and may be distinguished from the next species by the yellow belts on its body, and the chestnut coloured tuft at the tail. (Plate 154, Fig. 2.)

Although generally smaller, some specimens run very close to the last species in size. It may be distinguished by the single belt on the body and the black tail (Plate 154, Fig. 3). One of the best known localities for the species in England is Tilgate Forest, in Sussex; but it also occurs in Hampshire (Basingstoke), Hereford (Tarrington), Worcestershire (Wyre Forest), Staffordshire (Burnt Wood), Cheshire (one, Delamere Forest, 1901), Denbighshire (Llangollen), Lancashire (Chat Moss), and Yorkshire (Bishop's Wood, 1894).

The caterpillar feeds in stems of alder, and is full grown in May of the third year after hatching from the egg. It is said that the chrysalis may sometimes be found by bending and twisting the stems of alder, so as to cause the thin skin of bark over the exit hole of the burrow to crack, and so disclose its whereabouts. The burrow is generally low down the stem. The moth is out in June and early July, and is sometimes to be seen on sunny mornings at rest on alder leaves, or flying over and around the bushes.

Although known to be a British species since 1829, when a specimen was taken in a wood near Greenhithe, Kent, this insect continued to be very rare until quite recently. For a long time the caterpillar was supposed to feed in the stems of dogwood, but it is now known to live in the stems of the wayfaring tree (Viburnum lantana), and several specimens of the moth have been reared during the past year or two. Unfortunately the caterpillar is much infested by parasites, and comparatively few escape attack. Notes on the life history of this moth, by the Hon. N. Charles Rothschild, Mr. Eustace Bankes, and Dr. Chapman, are published in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London for 1906 (Part IV., pp. 471-482).

Most of the known localities for the species are in Kent, but it has also been found in Surrey, Dorset, Gloucester, Hertfordshire (Tring district), and Northamptonshire (Oundle). Possibly it will be discovered in other parts of the country. I am indebted to Mr. L. W. Newman, of Bexley, for the specimen figured on Plate 1, Fig. 1. For the caterpillar mine in stem of Viburnum (Plate 156, Figs. 2, 2a) my thanks are due to Mr. Rayward, who kindly sent me a living pupa, from which the moth duly emerged, but, I regret to add, escaped from the box in which the stick containing the chrysalis was kept.

Newman, in 1833, described this species as Trochilium allantiformis, and in 1842 it was figured by Westwood and Humphreys as T. andreniforme. It is distinguished from Sesia tipuliformis by the two yellow belts of the body (the first sometimes indistinct) and the orange-yellow tuft in the blue-black tail; on the underside of the body there is a broad yellow band on the fourth ring, sometimes extending to the fifth and sixth.

In this species the body is narrowly belted with yellow, usually four belts in the male and three in the female; the tail tuft is black in both sexes. The outer marginal border of the fore wings has a bronzy tinge, due to orange patches between the veins. (Plate 154, Figs. 5 ♂, 6 ♀.)

The caterpillar lives in the stems and shoots of black and red currant bushes; it feeds on the pith, and works its way downwards. When full grown, about May, it gnaws an outlet to the side of the stem, but does not penetrate the outer skin, although it reduces this to a very thin layer, through which the reddish brown chrysalis is able to force itself when the moth is ready to emerge. A figure of the caterpillar will be found on Plate 156, Fig. 1; the chrysalis protruding from currant stem (Fig. 1a) is from a photo by Mr. H. Main. In June or July, the moths are not infrequently seen on leaves of shrubs in gardens where there are currant bushes in or around such gardens, but the foliage of the food plant is a favourite resting place.

Generally distributed throughout England, the range extending into Wales, and South Scotland, but is apparently rare in these countries and also in some of the northern counties of England. Kane states that the species is common near Dublin, and is probably widely distributed in Ireland.

This species seems to have been introduced into North America, where its caterpillar is known as the "currant borer," and, as in England, is regarded with little favour by bush-fruit growers.

This species (Plate 155, Fig. 1), known also as asiliformis, Rottemburg (1775), and cynipiformis, Esper (1782), is now held to be correctly referred to vespiformis, Linnæus (1761). The crossbar of the fore wings is orange red in both sexes; the body of the male has two more or less united yellow spots at the junction with the thorax, four yellow belts, and the tail tuft is black above, mixed with yellow below; in the female the body belts are usually one less than in the male, the yellow spots at the junction are generally run together, and the tail tuft is almost wholly yellow. As indicated by the English name, the legs are largely yellow in both sexes.

The caterpillar feeds on the inner bark of oak trees, is full grown in May or June, and turns to a brownish chrysalis in a cell formed in the bark. A well-known locality for this moth, which is out in July and early August, is Hyde Park, London. It is also found in woods or oak-timbered parks in Kent (Tunbridge Wells), Surrey, Sussex (Abbot's Wood, Tilgate, etc.), Dorset (Glanvilles Wootton, etc.), Devon (Devonport, Plymouth, Topsham, etc.), Essex (Epping), Suffolk, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Leicestershire, Staffordshire, and Yorkshire (Doncaster).

One example of each sex is shown on Plate 155, where Fig. 2 represents the male and Fig. 3 the female; both have a single belt on the body; as a rule, the belt is red, but occasionally it inclines to orange or yellow.

The caterpillar feeds on the inner bark of the trunks or boughs of apple, and sometimes pear, trees. It is nearly two years in maturing, but is full grown about June. The moth is out during the summer months, and is to be seen early on sunny mornings, newly emerged from the chrysalis on the trunks of the trees in which the caterpillar lives; the chrysalis skins will also be noted at the same time, sticking out from holes in the bark. Later in the day it sits on leaves, etc., after its flights, and I have even found it occasionally on a gravel path, and once on the pavement of a road in North-west London.

The species seems to be most frequent in gardens and orchards around London, but it has been recorded from as far north as Lancashire and Yorkshire; it is probably widely distributed over England. The Irish localities, mentioned by Kane, are Dublin, Cork, Killarney, and Clonbrock.

This species (Plate 155, Fig. 4) is very similar to the last, but it is larger, and the fore wings are dusted with reddish scales towards the base, sometimes also along the inner margin. The belt on the body is generally red, not infrequently with an orange tinge, but it is sometimes yellow or far more rarely white.

The caterpillar, which is full grown in May, feeds on the inner bark of birch trees and bushes, apparently preferring the stumps left in the ground where stems have been cut down. It is not difficult to find, but as it is about two years in this stage it should not be taken until nearly or quite full grown, and it is safer to leave it until it has entered the chrysalis state. The moth is out in June, or sometimes at the end of May; it flies over birch and rests on leaves, and has been known to visit flowers of the wood spurge and the rhododendron.

Kent and Sussex appear to be the counties most favoured by this species, but it occurs in most of the other English counties in which there are birch woods, certainly up to Yorkshire, and probably further north, as it is found in Scotland (Clydesdale, Perthshire, and Aberdeen). The Irish localities are Killarney, Ballinasloe, and Derry.

This is another red-belted species, but it differs from either of the two immediately preceding in having the fore wings tipped with red. (Plate 155, Fig. 5.)

The caterpillar feeds in the twigs and stumps of osier (Salix viminalis), sometimes called "withe"; it is full grown about June. (Plate 156, Fig. 2; after Hofmann.) The moth is out in July and August; it is partial to marshes and other wet spots, and is fond of a leaf as a resting place. Like the rest of its kind, it is very alert, and skips off quickly on one's approach. Probably the species is more widely distributed in England, but from the records, it only appears to have been noted from Kent, Hampshire, Somersetshire, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire, and Essex.

The inner and outer margins of the fore wings are tinged with orange, and there is an orange mark on the outer edge of the cross bar; the body of the male has seven yellow belts, and that of the female one less. (Plate 155, Fig. 6.)

The caterpillar feeds in the roots of bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), and kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria); it is full grown about June. July and August are the months for the moth, and its haunts are on chalk downs, and on banks by the sea; it seems partial to the edges of chalk pits, sloping banks, and broken ground of undercliffs, etc. In such places it is to be seen on the wing in the early evening, and, I believe, in the early morning also. It has frequently been obtained by sweeping the net over herbage in the vicinity of the food plants.

Mr. W. H. Flint records (1902) the species from the Forest of Dean district, where, he states, he could easily have captured two dozen a day, as they flew over trefoils, etc.

The species occurs in most of the southern seaboard counties of England, from Kent to Cornwall and including the Isle of Wight; Surrey, Bucks., Essex, and other eastern counties, including Cambridge; and it has been recorded from Yorkshire. On the western side of the country it is found in Somerset, Gloucester, Hereford, Worcester, Staffordshire, and in South Wales.

This is our smallest species of the genus, and it is further distinguished by narrow clear spaces on the blackish, or bronzy, fore wings, three whitish bands on the body, and traces of a whitish line along the middle of the back. (Plate 155, Fig. 7.)

The caterpillar feeds on the roots of thrift or sea-pink (Armeria vulgaris), and is full grown about June. The moth is out in June and July, and seems to have a liking for the flowers of thyme.

This species (also known as philanthiformis, Laspeyres) frequents rocky places on the coasts of Devon (Torquay, Lynmouth, etc.), Cornwall, Wales; Isle of Man; Scotland (Aberdeenshire); and Ireland (Saltee Islands, Wexford, and Seven Heads, Cork. Gregson recorded it from Howth).

The orange red colour on the fore wings, and of the tail tuft, at once distinguish this species (Plate 155, Figs. 8 ♂, 9 ♀) from either of its British allies. The blackish body has two pale-yellow belts, but in the male the lower one is often double. As a rule, the body of the female is stouter than that of the male, but the bodies of some males appear quite as thick as those of the females, and the true sex is only disclosed by the ciliated antennæ, which is a character of the male alone.

The caterpillar feeds on the roots of dock and sorrel, and it is full grown about May. In June and July the moth is on the wing and flies in the sunshine, about noon, over the food plants.

The species occurs not uncommonly in the Warren at Folkestone, Kent. This locality, well known to entomologists, is a long stretch of rough broken ground lying between the railway and the sea; and is probably the only spot in the British Isles where the Fiery Clearwing is almost certain to be found, either in its early or its perfect stage, at the proper season. The moth has been recorded from Eastbourne, Sussex (1874), and from the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire (1902).


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 Subjects,' a pious volume published posthumously at Edinburgh in 1762, and he contributed 'History of a Complete Luxation of the Thigh' to 'Essays and Observations, Physical and Literary' (1756, ii. 817). Mackenzie died at Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire, on 7 Aug. 1761.

MACKENZIE, JAMES ARCHIBALD STUART-WORTLEY, (1776–1845). [See .]

MACKENZIE, JOHN (1648?–1696), Irish divine, was born about 1648 at Lowcross, near Cookstown, co. Tyrone, on a farm still in the possession of the family. After such school education as the place afforded he was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Down, of the synod of Ulster. In 1673 he was ordained minister of the congregation of Derryloran or Cookstown, where his stipend was about 15l. per annum (Records of the General Synod of Ulster, i. 3), with a farm valued at 8l. or 9l. He was one of the eight presbyterian clergymen who took refuge in Londonderry in 1688. Remaining there during the siege, he became chaplain of Walker's regiment, and regularly officiated at the presbyterian services in the cathedral. A small volume of Mackenzie's manuscript sermons now belongs to the Rev. J. K. Leslie of Cookstown. Some of them are marked 'Derry,' and were evidently preached there during the siege. In the 'Londerias,' 'Master Mackenzie' is described as having 'taught the army to fear God's great name.' After the relief of Derry he returned to his ministrations at Cookstown and to his home at Lowcross, where he continued to reside until his death in 1696. He was buried in Derryloran churchyard, where his crave, unmarked by any stone, is still pointed out.

Mackenzie is best known by his publications regarding the history of the siege of Derry. George Walker having published his 'True Account,' Mackenzie in 1690 issued his 'Narrative of the Siege of Londonderry, or the late Memorable Transactions of that City faithfully represented to Rectify the Mistakes and Supply the Omissions of Mr. Walker's Account' (64 pp., London, 1690; republished at Belfast, 1861, with an introduction and notes by W. D. Killen, D.D.) In this he gives a totally different version of many of the events of the siege, strips Walker of much of the glory which he had given to himself in his own account, and furnishes a considerable amount of information not elsewhere accessible. Before publishing the 'Narrative' Mackenzie read it over to several of the officers who had taken part in the defence of the city, and obtained their assent to it. An anonymous writer having attacked the ' Narrative ' in a pamphlet entitled ' Mr. John Mackenzie's Narrative of the Siege of Londonderry a false Libel,' Mackenzie replied in 'Dr. Walker's Invisible Champion foiled, or an Appendix to the late Narrative of the Siege of Derry, wherein all the Arguments offered in a late Pamphlet to prove it a false Libel are Examined and Refuted' (13 pp., London, 1690). This terminated the controversy.

MACKENZIE, JOHN, in the Swedish peerage (1727–1789), major-general in the British army, born in 1727, was eldest of the twelve children of, third earl of Cromarty [q. v.], and his wife Isabella, daughter of Sir William Gordon, bart., of Invergordon, and great-grandson of, viscount Tarbat and earl of Cromarty [q. v.] His education was superintended by his uncle, of Arnistoun [q. v.], lord president of the court of session, and his three tutors became ministers of the church of Scotland. His father joined the Stuart cause in 1745, and Macleod, who was only eighteen, refused a government commission offered him by Forbes of Culloden and embraced with ardour the side of the rebels. Along with his father he joined the second army at Perth. On 1 Dec. he marched from Perth to Dumblane, after which he took possession of the bridge of Allan. During a visit to Glasgow he was, on 12 Jan. 1746, introduced to Prince Charles Edward, whom he accompanied from Glasgow to the army's headquarters at Stirling. He commanded a regiment of Mackenzies at the battle of Falkirk and in other affairs, and left an interesting narrative of the rising, which is now at Tarbat House, and has been printed in full by Sir William Fraser (, Earls of Cromartie, vol. ii.) The narrative abruptly ends with a raid into Caithness, on which Macleod was sent by his father early in April 1746. Macleod and his father were captured by some of Lord Sutherland's militia, at Dunrobin Castle, 16 April 1746, and sent first to Inverness and afterwards to the Tower of London. A true bill for high treason was

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The Moths of the British Isles Second Series/Chapter 15

Of the twenty-two Palæarctic species belonging to this family, nine appear to occur in Europe, and the range of five of these extends to the British Isles.

In some of the more recent systems of classification, this family is relegated to almost the bottom of the scheme, and therefore occupies a much lower place than do the bulk of the families comprised in the old style "Micro-Lepidoptera." As, however, these insects, commonly called "Swifts," have long received the attention of collectors, and in collections usually occupy a position among the so-called "Bombyces," they have been included in the present volume.

On Plate 157 are portraits of a male and a female of the typical form of this species (Figs. 1 ♂ and 3 ♀); and two male examples (Figs. 2 and 4) of the Shetland race var. thulensis, Newman, better known perhaps as hethlandica, Staudinger, but the former is the older name. It will be noted that in the ordinary form the male has white wings, and that the female has yellowish fore wings marked with orange, and smoky hind wings. The Shetland male, represented by Fig. 2, has the fore wings whitish buff in colour with brownish markings similar in pattern to those of an ordinary female; the hind wings are blackish. The second example of thulensis (Fig. 4) is somewhat similar in appearance to a typical female. In other male specimens of this insular race the wings are pretty much of the typical colour, but the markings on the front pair are reduced both in number and size. Mr. H. McArthur, who has collected a good deal in the Shetland Isles, states that in Unst, the most northern island of the group, more or less typical humuli were found on the cliffs facing south-east, whilst the majority of the specimens obtained in boggy meadows, etc., were of the thulensis form.

The caterpillar feeds on the roots of plants, such as burdock, dandelion, dead-nettle, etc. It is full grown in May, and the moth is out in June and July. (Plate 159, Fig. 2; after Hofmann.) The males may be seen in the evening, sometimes in numbers in grassy places, swaying themselves to and fro without making progress, and appearing as though they dangled from the end of an invisible thread; the female flies straight, and, as a rule, in the direction of one or other of the pendulous males.

The species is generally distributed over the British Isles.

The male of this species (Plate 157, Figs. 5. ♂, 6 ♀) usually some shade of orange brown, with greyish-edged white markings on the fore wings. Sometimes the female is orange brown, but more often it is some shade of grey brown.

The caterpillar (Plate 159, Fig. 3; after Hofmann) feeds on the roots of dock, bracken, viper's bugloss, etc., and is full grown about July. In late July and in August the moth may be seen in the early evening flying among bracken, and not infrequently around trees fairly high up. Occasionally, specimens are seen in the daytime on tree-trunks, fences, etc. At one time this species was known in the vernacular as "The Tawny and Brown Swift"; it is also "The Orange or Evening Swift" of Harris (1778) and the "Wood Swift" of Newman. It is common in many southern and eastern parts, but widely distributed over England, Wales, and Scotland to Moray. Only doubtfully recorded from Ireland.

At one time this species (the velleda of Hübner) was known as the "Northern Swift," but as it is plentiful in North Devonshire and Somersetshire, and occurs less commonly in other southern English counties, that name is hardly suitable. Haworth's English name for it—"The Beautiful Swift"—does not quite meet the case, because, although the insect is prettily marked, it is scarcely beautiful. We have then to fall back on Donovan's Map-winged Swift as a popular name, and this seems a fairly apt one, as the markings on the fore wings are somewhat map-like in pattern, especially in the more typical specimens.

There is much variation in colour and in marking; some examples, chiefly those from Shetland, are prettily variegated. A uniform reddish-brown variety, ab. gallicus, Lederer, is depicted on Plate 158, Fig. 3; and a more or less typical specimen of each sex is shown on the same plate (Figs. 1 ♂, 2 ♀).

The caterpillar is ochreous white, with orange-brown plates, and rather paler raised dots; head, reddish brown, and spiracles black. It feeds on the roots of the bracken, and is full grown about May. The moth is out in June and July, and flies, in the gloaming, on hill slopes, heaths, and the edges of mosses and woods; it seems to be more active than either of the other British "Swifts"; at all events, I have always found it less easy to capture with the net.

The species is pretty generally distributed throughout the British Isles.

Three examples of this species are shown on Plate 158. Fig. 4 is a typical male, Fig. 5 a whitish suffused variety, and Fig. 6 is a female. The latter sex is generally devoid of marking, and in the male the stripes and dashes are far more conspicuous in some specimens than in others.

The glossy whitish caterpillar has a brown head; the plate on the first ring of the body is brownish, and the raised dots are pretty much of the same colour. It feeds on the roots of grass and other plants, and is full grown about April. A figure of the caterpillar, from a drawing in colour by Mr. A. Sich, and a photo of the pupa by Mr. H. Main, are shown on Plate 159, Figs. 1 and 1a; the latter is twice natural size.

The moth is out in June, or sometimes late May, and occasional specimens have been noted in September. It is more frequently seen at rest, on fences, etc., than either of the other species of the genus; but towards dusk it is on the wing, and may then be observed in large numbers careering over grass meadows or along stretches of green turf by the wayside.

Generally distributed, and often abundant, throughout the United Kingdom; and it occurs in Monaghan, Mayo, Galway, and Kerry, in Ireland.

Both sexes of this species are shown on Plate 158, where Fig. 7 represents the golden-marked male, and Fig. 8 the more dingy, dull, purplish-grey striped female. There is variation in number and in size of the markings on the fore wings of the male, and occasionally the hind wings in this sex are adorned with golden spangles on the outer area.

The pale greyish brown caterpillar has glossy darker brown plates on rings 1-3, and the raised dots and the spiracles are black. It feeds on the roots of bracken, and is full grown about May. Buckler states that at first it burrows in the root, hibernates when small, resumes feeding in April, attains full growth before winter, and hibernates in the earth for a second time; in the spring of the second year it gnaws cavities in the young shoots of the bracken, and apparently drinks the flowing sap.

The moth is out in June. The males fly at dusk, something in the manner of humuli, over and among the bracken; but the females fly in a more or less direct line. An odour given off by the males of this species has been likened to that of the pine apple; whilst the "scent" of the Ghost Moth is said to be more of the billy-goat character.

In most woody localities, where the bracken flourishes, this species will be found throughout England, Wales, Scotland to Aberdeen and the Hebrides, and Ireland.


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The Moths of the British Isles Second Series/Index

 * Abraxas grossulariata, 260, Plates 103, 104;
 * sylvata, 259, Plates 103, 104
 * Abrostola tripartita, 74, Plate 22;
 * triplasia, 73, Plates 22, 27
 * Acidalia aversata, 120, Plates 46, 47;
 * bisetata, 121, Plate 46;
 * contiguaria, 109, Plate 45;
 * degeneraria, 118, Plate 46;
 * dimidiata, 121, Plates 46, 47;
 * emutaria, 128, Plate 49;
 * fumata, 131, Plate 50;
 * herbariata, 111, Plate 45;
 * holosericata, 116, Plate 45;
 * humiliata, 115, Plate 45;
 * imitaria, 129, Plates 48, 49;
 * immorata, 126, Plate 49;
 * immutata, 124, Plate 49;
 * inornata, 119, Plates 46, 47;
 * interjectaria, 114, Plate 45;
 * marginepunctata, 125, Plate 49;
 * ochrata, 132, Plate 50;
 * ornata, 123, Plate 46;
 * perochraria, 133, Plate 53;
 * remutaria, 124, Plate 49;
 * rubiginata, 130, Plate 50;
 * rusticata, 110, Plates 45, 48;
 * straminata, 113, Plates 45, 61;
 * strigilaria, 127, Plate 49;
 * subsericeata, 117, Plate 45;
 * trigeminata, 122, Plate 46;
 * virgularia, 112, Plate 45
 * Acidaliinæ, 109
 * Acontia lucida, var. albicollis, 53, Plate 19;
 * luctuosa, 54, Plates 19, 23
 * Adscita geryon, 343, Plate 147;
 * statices, 342, Plates 145, 147
 * Alchymist, 78. Plate 29
 * Aleucis pictaria, 264. Plate 107
 * Amathes circellaris, 14, Plates 5, 7;
 * helvola, 15, Plate 9;
 * litura, 16, Plate 9;
 * lota, 12, Plates 5, 7;
 * lychnidis, 16, Plates 5, 9;
 * macilenta, 13, Plate 7
 * Amœbe olivata, 184, Plates 73, 75;
 * viridaria, 185, Plate 75
 * Amphidasys. See Pachys.
 * Anaitis plagiata, 149. Plate 55
 * Anarta cordigera, 44, Plate 17;
 * melanopa, 45, Plate 17;
 * myrtilli, 44, Plates 17, 20
 * Anchocelis lunosa, 11. Plate 7
 * Angerona prunaria, 280. Plates 117, 118
 * Angle-barred Pug, 246. Plate 98
 * Angle-striped Sallow, 5. Plate 4
 * Ania emarginata, 133. Plate 50
 * Anisopteryx æscularia, 294. Plates 122, 125
 * Annulet, 319. Plates 139, 140
 * Anticlea badiata, 217, Plates 88, 89;
 * berberata, 218, Plate 88;
 * cucullata, 216, Plate 88;
 * nigrafasciaria, 219, Plates 88, 89;
 * rubidata, 218, Plate 88
 * Aplasta ononaria, 101. Plate 38
 * Apocheima hispidaria, 296. Plates 124, 126
 * Argent and Sable, 201. Plates 79, 82
 * Ash Pug, 247. Plate 98
 * Aspilates gilvaria, 330, Plate 144;
 * ochrearia, 331, Plates 142, 144;
 * strigillaria, 332, Plate 144
 * Asthena blomeri, 222, Plates 90, 91;
 * candidata, 220, Plates 90, 91;
 * luteata, 220, Plate 91;
 * testaceata, 221, Plate 91
 * Atethmia xerampelina, 10, Plate 4
 * August Thorn, 271. Plates 109, 111, 113
 * Autumnal Moth, 189. Plate 78
 * Autumn Green Carpet, 174. Plate 68

 * Bankia argentula, 57. Plate 21
 * Bapta bimaculata, 265, Plate 107;
 * pictaria, 264, Plate 107;
 * temerata, 266, Plate 107
 * Barberry Carpet, 218. Plate 88
 * Barred Carpet, 211. Plate 85
 * Barred Red, 269. Plates 106, 108
 * Barred Rivulet, 208. Plate 83
 * Barred Sallow, 18. Plate 10
 * Barred Straw, 168. Plate 65
 * Barred Tooth-striped, 152. Plates 57, 59
 * Barred Umber, 268. Plates 106, 108
 * Barred Yellow, 169. Plates 65, 69
 * Beaded Chestnut, 16. Plates 5, 9
 * Beautiful Carpet, 202. Plates 76, 82
 * Beautiful Golden Y, 70. Plate 24
 * Beautiful Hook-tip, 85. Plate 36
 * Beautiful Snout, 92. Plates 35, 37
 * Beautiful Yellow Underwing, 44. Plates 17, 20
 * Beech-green Carpet, 184. Plates 73, 75
 * Belted Beauty, 298. Plates 124, 126
 * Bilberry Pug, 253. Plate 100
 * Birch Mocha, 139. Plates 51, 53
 * Black Mountain Moth, 321. Plate 139
 * Blackneck, 83. Plate 32
 * Black-veined Moth, 330. Plate 144
 * Bleached Pug, 230. Plate 95
 * Blomer's Rivulet, 222. Plates 90, 91
 * Blood-vein, 134. Plate 50
 * Blotched Emerald, 104. Plates 41, 43
 * Bloxworth Snout, 93. Plate 36
 * Blue-bordered Carpet, 204. Plate 82
 * Boarmia abietaria, 306, Plates 132, 138;
 * cinctaria, 304, Plate 130;
 * consortaria, 309, Plate 135;
 * gemmaria, 305, Plates 130, 131;
 * repandata, 307, Plates 131, 132, 134;
 * roboraria, 308, Plate 135
 * Boarmiinæ, 259
 * Bomolocha fontis, 92. Plates 35, 37
 * Bordered Beauty, 284. Plates 119, 121
 * Bordered Grey, 325. Plates 142, 143
 * Bordered Pug, 240. Plates 92, 97
 * Bordered Sallow, 47. Plates 17, 20
 * Bordered Straw, 50. Plates 19, 20
 * Bordered White, 325. Plates 140, 141
 * Brephidæ, 97
 * Brephos notha, 98, Plates 38, 39;
 * parthenias, 97, Plates 38, 39
 * Brick, 14. Plates 5, 7
 * Bright Wave, 132. Plate 50
 * Brimstone, 283. Plate 117
 * Brindled Beauty, 299. Plates 1, 124, 128
 * Brindled Pug, 248. Plate 99
 * Brindled White-spot, 314. Plate 137
 * Broad-bordered White Underwing, 45. Plate 17
 * Broken-barred Carpet, 169. Plates 61, 65
 * Broom-tip, 151. Plates 56, 57
 * Brown Scallop, 161. Plate 60
 * Brown Silver-line, 327. Plate 143
 * Brown-spot Pinion, 16. Plate 9
 * Brussels Lace, 310. Plates 133, 136
 * Bupalus piniaria, 325. Plates 140, 141
 * Burnet Companion, 76. Plate 26
 * Burnets, 333
 * Burnished Brass, 65. Plate 22
 * Buttoned Snout, 94. Plates 35, 37

 * Cabera exanthemata, 267, Plate 107;
 * pusaria, 266, Plates 105, 107
 * Calocampa exoleta, 34, Plate 14;
 * vetusta, 35, Plates 8, 14
 * Calymnia affinis, 3, Plate 2;
 * diffinis,4, Plates 2, 3;
 * pyralina, 2, Plates2, 3;
 * trapezina, 4, Plate 2
 * Campanula Pug, 232. Plate 95
 * Camptogramma bilineata, 212. Plates 61, 84, 85
 * Canary-shouldered Thorn, 272. Plates 110, 111
 * Carsia paludata, 150. Plate 55
 * Catephia alchymista, 78. Plate 29
 * Catocala electa, 79, Plate 31;
 * fraxini, 78, Plate 29;
 * nupta, 80, Plates 31, 33;
 * promissa, 82, Plate 32;
 * sponsa, 82, Plates 32, 33
 * Centre-barred Sallow, 10. Plate 4
 * Chalk Carpet, 145. Plates 52, 54
 * Chamomile Shark, 40. Plates 16, 18
 * Cheimatobia boreata, 157, Plates 58, 59;
 * brumata, 156, Plate 58
 * Chesias rufata, 151, Plates 56, 57;
 * spartiata, 150, Plates 56, 57
 * Chestnut-coloured Carpet, 176. Plate 70
 * Chestnut Moth, 24. Plate 11
 * Chevron, 165. Plates 63, 67
 * Chiasmia clathrata, 328. Plate 143
 * Chimney-sweeper, 147. Plate 55
 * Chloroclystis coronata, 251, Plate 100;
 * debiliata, 253, Plate 100;
 * rectangulata, 251, Plate 100
 * Cidaria corylata, 169, Plates 61, 65;
 * fulvata, 169, Plates 65, 69;
 * immanata, Plates 66, 69;
 * miata, 174, Plate 68;
 * pyraliata, 168, Plate 65;
 * sagittata, 172, Plate 68;
 * siterata, 173, Plate 68;
 * truncata, 170, Plates 66, 69
 * Cirrhia citrago, 17. Plate 10
 * Cirrhœdia xerampelina, 10. Plate 4
 * Cistus Forester, 343. Plate 147
 * Clay Fan-foot, 90. Plates 34, 35
 * Clay Triple-lines, 137. Plate 53
 * Clear Underwing, 351. Plate 154
 * Clearwings, 350
 * Cleora angularia, 310, Plate 134;
 * jubata, 311, Plates 133, 136;
 * lichenaria, 310, Plates 133, 136
 * Clifden Nonpareil, 78. Plate 29
 * Cloaked Carpet, 200. Plate 82
 * Cloaked Pug, 251. Plate 99
 * Clouded Border, 262. Plates 105, 107
 * Clouded Magpie, 259. Plates 101, 103, 104
 * Clouded Silver, 266. Plate 107
 * Cochlididæ, 344
 * Cochlidion limacodes, 345. Plates 149, 153
 * Cœnocalpe tersata, 257, Plate 102;
 * vitalbata, 256, Plate 102;
 * vittata, 257, Plate 102
 * Collix sparsata, 254. Plate 102
 * Common Carpet, 197. Plates 79, 81
 * Common Emerald, 107. Plates 41, 43
 * Common Fan-foot, 91. Plate 34
 * Common Heath, 324. Plate 141
 * Common Marbled Carpet, 170. Plates 66, 69
 * Common Pug, 334. Plates 92, 97
 * Common Swift, 363. Plates 158, 159
 * Common Wave, 267. Plate 107
 * Common White Wave, 266. Plates 105, 107
 * Conformist, 29. Plates 8, 13
 * Conistra. See Orrhodia
 * Coremia designata, 183, Plates 74, 75;
 * ferrugata, 182, Plate 72;
 * munitata, 180, Plate 72;
 * quadrifasciaria, 179, Plate 72;
 * unidentaria, 181, Plate 75
 * Cosmia paleacea, 5. Plate 4
 * Cossidæ, 347
 * Cossus cossus (ligniperda), 347. Plates 150, 151
 * Craspedia. See Acidalia.
 * Cream Wave, 124. Plate 49
 * Crocallis elinguaria, 280. Plates 114, 116
 * Cucullia abrotani, 43, Plate 16;
 * absinthii, 42, Plate 16;
 * artemisiæ, 43, Plate 16;
 * asteris, 30, Plates 15, 18;
 * chamomillæ, 40, Plates 16, 18;
 * gnaphalii, 41, Plate 13;
 * lychnitis, 38, Plates 15, 18;
 * scrophulariæ, 37, Plate 15;
 * umbratica, 40, Plate 16;
 * verbasci, 36, Plates 15, 18
 * Cudweed Shark, 41. Plate 13
 * Currant Clearwing, 354. Plates 154, 156
 * Currant Pug, 230. Plates 92, 95

 * Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet, 181. Plates 74, 75
 * Dark Bordered Beauty, 284. Plates 119, 121
 * Dark Chestnut, 25. Plate 11
 * Dark Crimson Underwing, 82. Plates 32, 33
 * Dark Marbled Carpet, 171. Plates 66, 69
 * Dark Spectacle, 73. Plates 22, 27
 * Dark Spinach, 254. Plate 102
 * Dark Umber, 162. Plate 60
 * Dasycampa rubiginea, 26. Plates 6, 11
 * Dentated Pug, 254. Plate 102
 * Dicycla oo, 1. Plate 2
 * Dingy Mocha, 139. Plate 51, 53
 * Dingy Shears, 8. Plates 3, 4
 * Dingy Shell, 219. Plate 91
 * Dotted Border, 292. Plates 120, 125
 * Dotted Border Wave, 113. Plates 45, 61
 * Dotted Carpet, 311. Plates 133, 136
 * Dotted Chestnut, 26. Plates 6, 11
 * Dotted Fan-foot, 90. Plate 35
 * Double Kidney, 9. Plate 4
 * Double-striped Pug, 250. Plate 99
 * Drab Looper, 146. Plate 55
 * Dun-bar, 4. Plate 2
 * Dusky-lemon Sallow, 21. Plate 10
 * Dusky Thorn, 273. Plates 110, 111
 * Dwarf Cream Wave, 114. Plate 45
 * Dwarf Pug, 225. Plate 93
 * Dyschorista fissipuncta, 8, Plates 3, 4;
 * suspecta, 7, Plate 4

 * Early Grey, 33. Plates 8, 12
 * Early Moth, 289. Plate 120
 * Early Thorn, 274. Plate 112
 * Early Tooth-striped, 153. Plates 57, 59
 * Edinburgh Pug, 239. Plate 96
 * Eltopia prosapiaria, 269. Plates 106, 108
 * Ematurga atomaria, 324. Plate 141
 * Emmelia trabealis, 62. Plate 21
 * Engrailed, 312. Plates 136, 138
 * Ennomos alniaria, 272, Plates 110, 111;
 * autumnaria, 270, Plates 106, 109;
 * erosaria, 273, Plate 134;
 * fuscantaria, 273, Plates 110, 111;
 * quercinaria, 271, Plates 109, 111, 113
 * Entephria cæsiata, 191. Plate 80
 * Ephyra annulata, 138, Plates 51, 53;
 * linearia, 137, Plate 53;
 * orbicularia, 139, Plates 51, 53;
 * pendularia, 139, Plates 51, 53;
 * porata, 135, Plate 53;
 * punctaria, 136, Plate 53
 * Epione advenaria, 285, Plates 119, 121;
 * apiciaria, 284, Plates 119, 121;
 * parallelaria, 284, Plates 119, 121
 * Epirrhoë. See Xanthorhoë
 * Epirrita. See Oporabia
 * Erastria argentula, 57, Plate 21;
 * fasciana, 57, Plate 21;
 * uncula, 58, Plate 21;
 * venustula, 59, Plates 21, 25
 * Essex Emerald, 105. Plates 42, 43
 * Euchloris pustulata, 104, Plates 41, 43;
 * smaragdaria, 105, Plates 42, 43
 * Euchœca obliterata, 219. Plate 91
 * Euclidia glyphica, 76, Plate 26;
 * mi, 75, Plates 26, 30
 * Eucosmia certata, 159, Plates 60, 62;
 * undulata, 160, Plates 60, 62
 * Eucymatoge togata, 251. Plate 99
 * Eudalimia margaritaria, 270. Plates 106, 108
 * Eulype hastata, 201. Plates 79, 82
 * Euphyia picata, 200, Plate 82;
 * unangulata, 199, Plate 82
 * Eupithecia abbreviata, 248, Plate 99;
 * absinthiata, 231, Plate 95;
 * albipunctata, 234, Plates 92, 97;
 * assimilata, 230, Plates 92, 95;
 * castigata, 237, Plates 92, 97;
 * denotata, 232, Plate 95;
 * distinctaria, 229, Plate 95;
 * dodoneata, 248, Plate 99;
 * exiguata, 248, Plate 99;
 * expallidata, 230, Plate 95;
 * extensaria, 238, Plate 97;
 * fraxinata, 247, Plate 98;
 * goossensiata, 231, Plate 95;
 * haworthiata, 242, Plates 90, 98;
 * helveticaria, 239. Plate 96;
 * indigata, 226, Plate 96;
 * innotata, 246, Plate 98;
 * insigniata, 226, Plate 96;
 * inturbata, 246, Plate 98;
 * irriguata, 225, Plate 93;
 * jasioneata, 233, Plate 95;
 * lariciata, 236, 97;
 * linariata, 224, Plate 93;
 * nanata, 247, Plate 99;
 * oblongata, 222, Plates 92, 93;
 * pimpinellata, 228, Plate 95;
 * plumbeolata, 244, Plate 98;
 * pulchellata, 223, Plate 93;
 * pumilata, 250, Plate 99;
 * pusillata, 225, Plate 93;
 * pygmæata, 244, Plate 98;
 * satyrata, 239, Plate 96;
 * scabiosata, 242, Plate 97;
 * sobrinata, 249, Plate 99;
 * subfulvata, 241, Plate 97;
 * subnotata, 237, Plates 94, 97;
 * succenturiata, 240, Plates 92, 97;
 * tenuiata, 245, Plate 98;
 * trisignaria, 236, Plate 97;
 * valerianata, 243, Plate 98;
 * venosata, 227, Plates 92, 93;
 * virgaureata, 235, Plate 97;
 * vulgata, 234, Plates 92, 97
 * Eupsilia satellitia, 27. Plate 12
 * Eurymene dolabraria, 282. Plate 117
 * Eustroma silaceata, 162. Plate 93

 * False Mocha, 135. Plate 53
 * Fan-foot, 87. Plates 34, 35
 * Feathered Thorn, 279. Plates 114, 116
 * Fern-Moth, 257. Plate 102
 * Festoon, 345. Plates 149, 153
 * Fidonia limbaria, 323. Plate 141;
 * carbonaria, 322. Plate 141
 * Fiery Clearwing, 359. Plate 155
 * Five-spot Burnet, 339. Plates 145, 146, 148
 * Flame Carpet, 183. Plates 74, 75
 * Flame Moth, 218. Plate 88
 * Flounced Rustic, 15. Plate 9
 * Forester, 342. Plates 145, 147
 * Four-spotted, 54. Plates 19, 23
 * Foxglove Pug, 223. Plate 93
 * Frosted Yellow, 323. Plate 141

 * Galium Carpet, 195. Plates 79, 81
 * Garden Carpet, 194. Plates 61, 80
 * Gem, 258. Plate 102
 * Geometra papilionaria, 102, Plates 40, 42;
 * vernaria, 103, Plates 40, 44
 * Geometridæ, 99
 * Geometrinæ, 101
 * Ghost Moth, 360. Plates 157, 159
 * Gnophos obscurata, 319, Plates 139, 140;
 * myrtillata, 320. Plate 139
 * Goat Moth, 347. Plates 150, 151
 * Golden Plusia, 64. Plates 22, 27
 * Golden Rod Brindle, 32. Plate 12
 * Golden-rod Pug, 235. Plate 97
 * Gold Spangle, 67. Plate 24
 * Gold Spot, 68. Plate 24
 * Gold Swift, 363. Plate 158
 * Gonodontis bidentata, 278. Plates 114, 115
 * Graptolitha furcifera, 29, Plates 8, 13;
 * lamda, 30, Plate 13;
 * ornithopus, 31, Plate 12
 * Grass Emerald, 101. Plates 38, 41
 * Grass Rivulet, 209. Plates 83, 84
 * Grass Wave, 332. Plate 144
 * Great Oak Beauty, 308. Plate 135
 * Green Carpet, 185. Plate 75
 * Green Pug, 252. Plate 61
 * Grey Birch, 316. Plate 137
 * Grey Carpet, 148. Plate 55
 * Grey Mountain Carpet, 191. Plate 80
 * Grey Pine Carpet, 175. Plates 70, 71
 * Grey Pug, 237. Plates 92, 97
 * Grey Scalloped Bar, 329. Plates 142, 144
 * Grey Shoulder-knot, 31. Plate 12
 * Gymnoscelis pumilata, 250. Plate 99

 * Hapalotis fasciana, 57. Plate 21
 * Haworth's Pug, 242. Plates 90, 98
 * Heart Moth, 1. Plate 2
 * Heath Rivulet, 209. Plate 83
 * Heliaca tenebrata, 46. Plate 17
 * Heliothis armigera, 52, Plates 19, 20;
 * dipsacea, 48, Plate 19;
 * peltigera, 50, Plates 19, 20;
 * scutosa, 49, Plate 19
 * Hemerophila abruptaria, 303. Plates 130, 133, 134
 * Hemithea strigata, 107. Plates 41, 43
 * Hepialidæ, 360
 * Hepialus fusconebulosa, 362, Plate 158;
 * hecta, 363, Plate 158;
 * humuli, 360, Plates 157, 159;
 * lupulina, 363, Plates 158, 159;
 * sylvina, 361; Plates 157, 159;
 * velleda, 362
 * Herald, 63. Plates 22, 25
 * Herminia cribralis, 90, Plate 35;
 * cribrumalis, 90, Plate 35;
 * derivalis, 90, Plates 34, 35
 * Heterogena asella, 346, Plates 149, 153;
 * limacodes, 345, Plates 149, 153
 * Himera pennaria, 279. Plates 114, 116
 * Hoporina croceago, 22. Plates 6, 10
 * Hornet Moth, 350. Plate 154
 * Horse Chestnut, 318. Plates 137, 140
 * Hybernia aurantiaria, 291, Plates 120, 125;
 * defoliaria, 293, Plates 122, 125;
 * leucophæaria, 290, Plate 120;
 * marginaria, 292, Plates 120, 125;
 * rupicapraria, 289, Plate 120
 * Hydrelia uncula, 58. Plate 21
 * Hydriomena elutata, 213;
 * furcata, 213, Plates 86, 87;
 * impluviata, 214, Plates 86, 87;
 * ruberata, 215, Plate 86
 * Hydriomenidæ, 141
 * Hygrochroa syringaria, 277. Plates 112, 115
 * Hylaea prosapiaria, 269. Plates, 106, 108
 * Hypena obsitalis, 93, Plate 36;
 * proboscidalis, 93, Plates 35, 37;
 * rostralis, 94, Plates 35, 37
 * Hypeninæ, 85
 * Hypenodes albistrigalis, 94, Plate 36;
 * costæstrigalis, 25, Plate 36;
 * tænialis, 94, Plate 36
 * Hyria muricata, 109. Plate 45

 * Ino geryon, 343, Plate 147;
 * globulariæ, 342, Plate 147;
 * statices, 342, Plates 145, 147
 * Iodis lactearia, 107. Plates 43, 44
 * Isle of Wight Wave, 115. Plate 45
 * Itame wauaria, 326. Plates 142, 143

 * Jasione Pug, 233. Plate 95
 * July Highflyer, 213. Plates 86, 87
 * Juniper Carpet, 177. Plate 70
 * Juniper Pug, 249. Plate 99

 * Lace Border, 123. Plate 46
 * Lampropteryx suffumata, 178. Plates 72, 74
 * Larch Pug, 236. Plate 97
 * Large Emerald, 102. Plates 40, 42
 * Large Red-belted Clearwing, 357. Plate 155
 * Large Thorn, 270. Plates 106, 109, 134
 * Large Twin-spot Carpet, 179. Plate 72
 * Laspeyria flexula, 85. Plate 36
 * Latticed Heath, 328. Plate 143
 * Lead Belle, 143. Plate 54
 * Lead-coloured Pug, 244. Plate 98
 * Least Carpet, 110. Plates 45, 48
 * Leopard Moth, 348. Plates 152, 153
 * Leptomeris. See Acidalia
 * Lesser Belle, 89. Plates 35, 39
 * Lesser Cream Wave, 124. Plate 49
 * Lesser-spotted Pinion, 3. Plate 2
 * Leucanitis stolida, 77
 * Lewes Wave, 126. Plate 49
 * Ligdia adustata, 263. Plates 105, 107
 * Light Crimson Underwing, 82. Plate 32
 * Light Emerald, 270. Plates 106, 108
 * Light Orange Underwing, 89. Plates 38, 39
 * Lilac Beauty, 277. Plates 112, 115
 * Lime-speck Pug, 222. Plates 92, 93
 * Ling Pug, 231. Plate 95
 * Lithomoia solidaginis, 32. Plate 12
 * Lithophane semibrunnea, 28, Plate 12;
 * socia, 29, Plate 12
 * Lithostege griseata, 148. Plate 55
 * Little Emerald, 107. Plates 43, 44
 * Little Thorn, 285. Plates 119, 121
 * Lobophora carpinata, 153, Plates 57, 59;
 * halterata, 155, Plate 57;
 * polycommata,152, Plates 57, 59;
 * sexalisata, 156, Plate 58;
 * viretata, 153, Plate 58
 * Lomaspilis marginata, 262. Plates 105, 107
 * Lozogramma petraria, 327. Plate 143
 * Lunar Double-stripe, 77. Plate 29
 * Lunar Hornet, Plate 154
 * Lunar-spotted Pinion, 2. Plate 2
 * Lunar Thorn, 276. Plates 112, 113
 * Lunar Underwing, 11. Plate 7
 * Lycia hirtaria, 299. Plates 124, 128
 * Lygris associata, 167, Plates 65, 67;
 * populata, 166, Plate 63;
 * prunata, 164, Plates 63, 67;
 * reticulata, 163, Plates 61, 64;
 * testata, 165, Plates 63, 67.
 * Lythria purpuraria, 142

 * Madopa salicalis, 89. Plates, 35, 39
 * Magpie, 260. Plates 103, 104
 * Maiden's Blush, 136. Plate 53
 * Malenydris didymata, 187, Plate 77;
 * multistrigaria, 186, Plates 73, 77;
 * salicata, 186, Plates 73, 75
 * Mallow, 143. Plates 52, 54
 * Manchester Treble-bar, 150. Plate 55
 * Many-lined Moth, 256. Plate 102
 * Maple Pug, 246. Plate 98
 * Map-winged Swift, 362. Plate 158
 * Marbled Clover, 48. Plate 19
 * Marbled Pug, 225. Plate 93
 * Marbled White-Spot, 57. Plate 21
 * March Moth, 294. Plates 122, 125
 * Marsh Carpet, 172. Plate 68
 * Marsh Oblique-barred, 96. Plate 36
 * Marsh Pug, 244. Plate 98
 * May Highflyer, 214. Plates 86, 87
 * Melantha procellata, 204. Plate 82
 * Mellinia gilvago, 22, Plate 10;
 * ocellaris, 22, Plate 10
 * Mesogona acetosellæ, 9
 * Mesoleuca albicillata, 202, Plates 76, 82;
 * bicolorata, 204, Plate 82;
 * ocellata, 203, Plate 82
 * Mesotype virgata, 146. Plate 54
 * Metrocampa margaritaria, 270. Plates 106, 108
 * Minoa murinata, 146. Plate 55
 * Mocha, 138. Plates 51, 53
 * Mother Shipton, 75. Plates 26, 30
 * Mottled Beauty, 307. Plates 131, 132, 134
 * Mottled Grey, 186. Plates 73, 75
 * Mottled Pug, 248. Plate 99
 * Mottled Umber, 293. Plates 122, 125
 * Mullein, 36. Plates 15, 18
 * Mullein Wave, 125. Plate 49
 * Mysticoptera. See Lobophora

 * Narrow-bordered Five-Spot Burnet, 339. Plates 145, 147
 * Narrow-winged Pug, 247. Plate 99
 * Nemoria viridata, 106. Plates 43, 44
 * Netted Carpet, 163. Plates 61, 64
 * Netted Mountain Moth, 322. Plate 141
 * Netted Pug, 227. Plates 92, 93
 * New Forest Burnet, 336. Plates 146, 148
 * Ni, 70. Plates 26, 28
 * Nonconformist, 30. Plate 13
 * Northern Spinach, 166. Plate 63.
 * Northern Winter-Moth, 157. Plate 58
 * November Moth, 188. Plates 76, 78
 * Numeria pulveraria, 268. Plates 106, 108
 * Nyssia lapponaria, 297, Plate 126;
 * zonaria, 298, Plates 124, 126

 * Oak Beauty, 300. Plates 127, 128
 * Oak-tree Pug, 248. Plate 99
 * Oblique Carpet, 257. Plate 102
 * Oblique Striped, 146. Plate 54
 * Ochreous Pug, 226. Plate 96
 * Ochria aurago, 18. Plate 10
 * Ochyria. See Coremia.
 * Odezia atrata, 147. Plate 55
 * Olive, 9. Plate 4
 * Olive Crescent, 88. Plate 36
 * Omphaloscelis lunosa, 11. Plate 7
 * Ophiusa stolida, 77
 * Opisthograptis luteolata, 283. Plate 117
 * Oporabia autumnata, 189, Plate 78;
 * dilutata, 188, Plates 76, 78;
 * filigrammaria, 190, Plate 77
 * Orange Moth, 280. Plates 117, 118
 * Orange Sallow, 17. Plate 10
 * Orange Swift, 361. Plates 157, 159
 * Orange-tailed Clearwing, 353. Plate 156
 * Orange Underwing, 97. Plates 38, 39
 * Orange Upperwing, 22. Plates 6, 10
 * Orrhodia erythrocephala, 23, Plate 11;
 * ligula, 25, Plate 11;
 * rubiginea, 26, Plates 6, 11;
 * vaccinii, 24, Plate 11
 * Ortholitha bipunctaria, 145, Plates 52, 54;
 * cervinata, 143, Plates 52, 54;
 * limitata, 144, Plates 52, 54;
 * mœniata, 145;
 * plumbaria, 143, Plate 54
 * Orthosia. See Amathes.
 * Ourapteryx sambucaria, 282. Plates 117, 118

 * Pachycnema hippocastanaria, 318. Plates 137, 140
 * Pachys betularia, 301, Plates 128, 129;
 * strataria, 300, Plates 127, 128
 * Pale Brindled Beauty, 295. Plates 122, 126
 * Pale-lemon Sallow, 22. Plate 10
 * Pale Oak Beauty, 309. Plate 135
 * Pale Pinion, 29. Plate 12
 * Pale Shoulder, 53. Plate 19
 * Parascotia fuliginaria, 86. Plate 36
 * Peacock, 287. Plate 119
 * Pease Blossom, 47. Plate 17
 * Pechypogon barbalis, 91. Plate 35
 * Pelurga comitata, 254. Plate 102
 * Peppered Moth, 301. Plates 128, 129
 * Percnoptilota fluviata, 258. Plate 102
 * Perconia strigillaria, 332. Plate 144
 * Perizoma affinitata, 205, Plate 83;
 * albulata, 208, Plates 83, 84;
 * alchemillata, 206, Plate 83;
 * blandiata, 210, Plate 83;
 * bifasciata, 208, Plate 83;
 * flavofasciata, 207, Plate 85;
 * minorata, 209, Plate 83;
 * tæniata, 211, Plate 85
 * Phasiane petraria, 327. Plate 143
 * Phibalapteryx lapidata, 255, Plate 102;
 * polygrammata, 256, Plate 102;
 * tersata, 257, Plate 102;
 * vitalbata, 256, Plate 102
 * Phigalia pedaria, 295. Plates 122, 126
 * Philereme. See Scotosia.
 * Phœnix, 164. Plates 63, 67
 * Phragmatæcia castaneæ, 349. Plate 153
 * Pimpinel Pug, 228. Plate 95
 * Pine Carpet, 176. Plates 70, 71
 * Pinion-spotted Pug, 226. Plate 96
 * Pinion-streaked Snout, 95. Plate 36
 * Pink-barred Sallow, 19. Plates 6, 10
 * Plain Golden Y, 69. Plate 24
 * Plain Pug, 237. Plates 94, 97
 * Plain Wave, 119. Plates 46, 47
 * Plastenis retusa, 9, Plate 4;
 * subtusa, 9, Plate 4
 * Plusia bractea, 67, Plate 24;
 * chrysitis, 65, Plate 22;
 * chryson, 66, Plate 24;
 * festucæ, 68, Plate 24;
 * gamma, 72, Plate 26;
 * interrogationis, 73, Plates 26, 28;
 * iota, 69, Plate 24;
 * moneta, 64, Plates 22, 27;
 * ni, 70, Plates 26, 28;
 * pulchrina, 70, Plate 24
 * Portland Ribbon Wave, 118. Plate 46
 * Pretty Chalk Carpet, 204. Plate 82
 * Pretty Pinion, 210. Plate 83
 * Prothymnia viridaria, 61. Plates 21, 25
 * Pseudophia lunaris, 77. Plate 29
 * Pseudoterpna pruinata, 101. Plates 38, 41
 * Psodos coracina, 321. Plate 139
 * Ptychopoda. See Acidalia
 * Purple Bar, 203. Plate 82
 * Purple-bordered Gold, 109. Plate 82
 * Purple Marbled, 55. Plate 21
 * Purple Thorn, 276. Plates 112, 113
 * Pylarge fumata, 131. Plate 50
 * Pyrrhia umbra, 47. Plates 17, 20

 * Rannoch Brindled Beauty, 297. Plates 126, 134
 * Rannoch Looper, 327. Plate 143
 * Red-belted Clearwing, 356. Plate 155
 * Red Carpet, 180. Plate 72
 * Red-green Carpet, 173. Plate 68
 * Red-headed Chestnut, 23. Plate 11
 * Red-line Quaker, 12. Plates 5, 7
 * Red Sword-grass, 35. Plates 8, 14
 * Red-tipped Clearwing, 357. Plates 155, 156
 * Red Twin-spot Carpet, 182. Plate 72
 * Red Underwing, 80. Plates 31, 33
 * Reed Leopard, 349. Plate 153
 * Rest Harrow Moth, 101. Plate 38
 * Rhagades globulariæ, 342. Plate 147
 * Riband Wave, 120. Plates 46, 47
 * Ringed Carpet, 304. Plate 130
 * Rivula sericealis, 60. Plates 21, 23
 * Rivulet, 205. Plate 83
 * Rosy Marbled, 59. Plates 21, 25
 * Rosy Wave, 128. Plate 49
 * Royal Mantle, 216. Plate 88
 * Ruddy High-flyer, 215. Plate 86
 * Rumia cratægata, 283. Plate 117
 * Rusty Wave, 111. Plate 45

 * Sallow, 20. Plates 6, 10
 * Sandy Carpet, 207. Plate 85
 * Satellite, 27. Plate 12
 * Satin Carpet, 306. Plates 132, 138
 * Satin Wave, 117. Plate 45
 * Satyr Pug, 239. Plate 96
 * Scalloped Hazel, 278. Plates 114, 115
 * Scalloped Oak, 280. Plates 114, 116
 * Scallop Shell, 160. Plates 60, 62
 * Scarce Blackneck, 84. Plate 32
 * Scarce Bordered Straw, 52. Plates 19, 20
 * Scarce Burnished Brass, 66. Plate 24
 * Scarce Forester, 342. Plate 147
 * Scarce Pug, 238. Plate 97
 * Scarce Silver Y, 73. Plates 26, 28
 * Scarce Tissue, 159. Plate 60
 * Scarce Umber, 291. Plates 120, 125
 * Sciadion obscurata, 319. Plates 139, 140
 * Sciapteron tabaniformis, 351. Plate 154
 * Scodiona fagaria, 329. Plates 142, 144
 * Scoliopteryx libatrix, 63. Plates 22, 25
 * Scopelosoma satellitia, 27
 * Scorched Carpet, 263. Plates 105, 107
 * Scorched Wing, 282. Plate 117
 * Scoria lineata, 330. Plate 144
 * Scotch Annulet, 320. Plate 139
 * Scotch Burnet, 335. Plate 146
 * Scotosia rhamnata, 162, Plate 60;
 * vetulata, 161, Plate 60
 * Selenia bilunaria, 274, Plate 112;
 * lunaria, 276, Plates 112, 113;
 * tetralunaria, 276, Plates 112, 113
 * Selidosoma ericetaria, 325. Plates 142, 143
 * Semiothisa alternata, 288, Plates 119, 123;
 * liturata, 288, Plates 61, 119, 123;
 * notata, 287, Plate 119
 * September Thorn, 273. Plate 134
 * Seraphim, 155. Plate 57
 * Sesia andrenæformis, 353, Plates 1, 156;
 * chrysidiformis, 359, Plate 155;
 * culiciformis, 357, Plate 155;
 * formiciformis, 357, Plates 155, 156;
 * ichneumoniformis, 358, Plate 155;
 * muscæformis, 359, Plate 155;
 * myopæformis, 356, Plate 155;
 * scoliæformis, 352, Plates 154, 156;
 * spheciformis, 353, Plate 154;
 * tipuliformis, 354, Plates 154, 156;
 * vespiformis, 355, Plate 155
 * Sesiidæ, 350
 * Shaded Broad-bar, 144. Plates 52, 54
 * Shaded Pug, 242. Plate 97
 * Shark, 40. Plate 16
 * Sharp-angled Carpet, 199. Plate 82
 * Sharp-angled Peacock, 288. Plates 119, 123
 * Shoulder Stripe, 217. Plates 88, 89
 * Silky Wave, 116. Plate 45
 * Silver Barred, 57. Plate 21
 * Silver-ground Carpet, 193. Plate 80
 * Silver Hook, 58. Plate 21
 * Silver Y, 72. Plate 26
 * Single Dotted Wave, 121. Plates 46, 47
 * Six-belted Clearwing, 358. Plate 155
 * Six-spot Burnet, 340. Plates 145, 147, 148
 * Slender Pug, 245. Plate 98
 * Slender-striped Pug, 255. Plate 102
 * Sloe Carpet, 264. Plate 107
 * Small Argent and Sable, 198. Plate 81
 * Small Autumnal Carpet, 190. Plate 77
 * Small Blood-vein, 129. Plates 48, 49
 * Small Brindled Beauty, 296. Plates 124, 126
 * Small Dark Yellow Underwing, 44. Plate 17
 * Small Dusty Wave, 112. Plate 45
 * Small Emerald, 103. Plates 40, 44
 * Small Fan-foot, 88. Plates 34, 35
 * Small Fan-footed Wave, 121. Plate 46
 * Small Grass Emerald, 106. Plates 43, 44
 * Small Marbled, 56. Plate 21
 * Small Phœnix, 162. Plate 63
 * Small Purple Barred, 61. Plates 21, 25
 * Small Rivulet, 206. Plate 83
 * Small Scallop, 133. Plate 50
 * Small Seraphim, 156. Plate 58
 * Small Waved Umber, 256. Plate 102
 * Small White Wave, 220. Plates 90, 91
 * Small Yellow Underwing, 46. Plate 17
 * Small Yellow Wave, 220. Plate 91
 * Smoky Wave, 131. Plate 50
 * Snout, 93. Plates 35, 37
 * Speckled Beauty, 310. Plate 134
 * Speckled Yellow, 286. Plates 61, 119
 * Spectacle, 74. Plate 22
 * Spinach Moth, 167. Plates 65, 67
 * Spotted Clover, 49. Plate 19
 * Spotted Sulphur, 62. Plate 21
 * Spring Usher, 290. Plate 120
 * Square Spot, 315. Plates 137, 138
 * Star-wort, 39. Plates 15, 18
 * Sterrha sacraria, 141. Plate 54
 * Straw Belle, 330. Plate 144
 * Straw Dot, 60. Plate 21
 * Streak, 150. Plates 56, 57
 * Streamer, 219. Plates 88, 89
 * Strenia clathrata, 328. Plate 143
 * Striped Lychnis, 38. Plates 15, 18
 * Striped Twin-spot Carpet, 186. Plates 73, 75
 * Sub-angled Wave, 127. Plate 49
 * Suspected, 7. Plate 4
 * Swallow-tailed, 282. Plates 117, 118
 * Sword-grass, 34. Plate 14
 * Synopsia abruptaria, 303, Plates 130, 133, 134

 * Tarache lucida, var. albicollis, 53, Plate 19;
 * luctuosa, 54, Plates 19, 23
 * Tawny-barred Angle, 288. Plates 61, 119, 123
 * Tawny Pinion, 28. Plate 12
 * Tawny-speckled Pug, 241. Plate 97
 * Tawny Wave, 130. Plate 50
 * Tephrosia bistortata, 312, Plates 136, 138;
 * consonaria, 315, Plates 137, 138;
 * luridata, 314, Plate 137;
 * punctularia, 316, Plate 137
 * Thalera fimbrialis, 108
 * Thalpochares ostrina, 55, Plate 21;
 * parva, 56, Plate 21;
 * paula, 56, Plate 21
 * Thamnonoma wauaria, 326, Plates 142, 143;
 * brunneata, 327, Plate 143
 * Thera cognata, 176, Plate 70;
 * firmata, 176, Plates 70, 71;
 * juniperata, 177, Plate 70;
 * variata, 175, Plates 70, 71
 * Tholomiges turfosalis, 96. Plate 36
 * Thrift Clearwing, 359. Plate 155
 * Thyme Pug, 229. Plate 95
 * Timandra amata, 134. Plate 50
 * Tissue, 158. Plates 60, 62
 * Toadflax Pug, 224. Plate 93
 * Toxocampa craccæ, 84, Plate 32;
 * pastinum, 83, Plate 32
 * Transparent Burnet, 334. Plates 145, 146
 * Treble-bar, 149. Plate 55
 * Treble Brown Spot, 122. Plate 46
 * Triangle, 346. Plates 149, 153
 * Trichopteryx. See Lobophora
 * Triphosa dubitata, 158. Plates 60, 62
 * Triple-spotted Pug, 236. Plate 97
 * Trochilium apiformis, 350, Plate 154;
 * crabroniformis, 351, Plate 154
 * Twin-spot Carpet, 187. Plate 77

 * Valerian Pug, 243. Plate 98
 * Venilia maculata, 286. Plates 61, 119
 * Venusia cambrica, 190. Plate 78
 * Vestal, 141. Plate 54
 * V-moth, 326. Plates 142, 143
 * V-Pug, 251. Plates 99, 100

 * Water Betony, 37. Plate 15
 * Water Carpet, 178. Plates 72, 74
 * Waved Black, 86. Plate 36
 * Waved Carpet, 221. Plate 91
 * Waved Umber, 303. Plates 130, 133, 134
 * Weaver's Wave, 109. Plate 45
 * Welsh Clearwing, 352. Plates 154, 156
 * Welsh Wave, 190. Plate 78
 * White-barred Clearwing, 353. Plate 154
 * White-line Snout, 94. Plate 36
 * White-pinion Spotted, 265. Plate 107
 * White-spotted Pinion, 4. Plates 2, 3
 * White-spotted Pug, 234. Plates 92, 97
 * Willow Beauty, 305. Plates 130, 131
 * Winter Moth, 156. Plate 58
 * Wood Carpet, 196. Plates 79, 81
 * Wormwood, 42. Plate 16
 * Wormwood Pug, 231. Plate 95

 * Xanthia aurago, 18, Plate 10;
 * citrago, 17, Plate 10;
 * flavago, 19, Plates 6, 10;
 * fulvago, 20, Plates 6, 10;
 * gilvago, 21, Plate 10;
 * lutea, 19, Plates 6, 10;
 * ocellaris, 22, Plate 10
 * Xantholeuca croceago, 22. Plates 6, 10
 * Xanthorhoë fluctuata, 194, Plates 61, 80;
 * galiata, 195, Plates 79, 81;
 * montanata, 193, Plate 80;
 * picata, 200, Plate 82;
 * rivata, 196, Plates 79, 81;
 * sociata, 197, Plates 79, 81;
 * tristata, 198, Plate 81;
 * unangulata, 199, Plate 82
 * Xylina. See Lithophane and Graptolitha.
 * Xylocampa areola, 33. Plates 8, 12

 * Yellow Belle, 331. Plates 142, 144
 * Yellow-barred Brindle, 153. Plate 58
 * Yellow-legged Clearwing, 355. Plate 155
 * Yellow-line Quaker, 13. Plate 7
 * Yellow-ringed Carpet, 192. Plate 80
 * Yellow Shell, 212. Plates 61, 84, 85

 * Zanclognatha emortualis, 88, Plate 36;
 * grisealis, 88, Plates 34, 35;
 * tarsipennalis, 87. Plates 34, 35
 * Zeuzera pyrina, 348. Plates 152, 153
 * Zygæna achilleæ, 335, Plate 1;
 * exulans, 335, Plate 146;
 * filipendulæ, 340, Plates 145, 147, 148;
 * loniceræ, 339. Plates 145, 147;
 * meliloti, 336, Plates 146, 148;
 * purpuralis, 334, Plates 145, 146;
 * trifolii, 337, Plates 145, 146, 148
 * Zygænidæ, 333


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Mackenzie found against Macleod 23 Aug. 1746. The brief for the crown against him is in the British Museum (Egerton MS. 2000, f. 67). At his trial, 20 Dec. 1746, Macleod pleaded guilty and threw himself on the king's mercy. He received a free pardon, dated 22 Jan. 1748, on condition that within six months of his attaining his majority he should convey to the crown all his rights and claims to the estates of the earls of Cromarty. This was duly done (, ii. cclxiii — Cromarty Writs, bundle 30, No. 16). Macleod's father, the Earl of Cromarty, had also been tried by his peers, found guilty of high treason, and sentenced to death and to a forfeiture of his estates, but the capital sentence was remitted on condition of his residing during the remainder of his life within the county of Devon.

Unwilling to be a burden on his family, Macleod left Devonshire privately in April 1749, and proceeded to Hamburg, and thence to Berlin, where he obtained letters of introduction from Marshal Keith [see ] to the court of Sweden. In a letter dated 16 June (old style), Macleod writes that in a few days he was to obtain a company in the Swedish regiment of Major-general Hamilton, in which he had apparently been serving as a volunteer; that Baron Hamilton, high chancellor of Sweden, his colonel's brother, was his firm friend [see, d. 1724] and that the king of Sweden had granted him a pension until better provided for (ib. i. cclxiii). On the recommendation of Lord George Murray, the Chevalier St. George, father of Prince Charles Edward, paid the cost of his equipment (ib.) In 1754 he appears to have been serving in Finland, as his Father describes him as frozen up there (ib. i. ccxliv). In April 1755 he was promoted to major in 'an old Swedish regiment' (Brit Mus. Addit. MS. 33055). He afterwards visited Denmark, to see the manoeuvres of the Danish troops. As a volunteer with the Prussian army and aide-de-camp to Marshal Keith, he made the campaign in Bohemia in 1757, and was present at the battle and siege of Prague (ib.) He left a narrative of this campaign, which is printed by Fraser.

When war broke out between Sweden and Prussia, Macleod, by the advice of Keith, went back to Sweden, and soon after obtained leave to visit England; application to enter the British service failed, it is said, through the misjudgment of his uncle, Sir John Gordon. Macleod went back to Sweden. In a letter of 30 Jan. 1762, his father states that Macleod had been made a knight of the Swedish order of the North Star, and expressed gratification at Macleod and his brother George having qualified as freeholders in Ross and Cromarty, and so obtained a footing again in the old country. Macleod rose to the rank of colonel (or by some accounts lieutenant-general) in the Swedish army, and received the title of Count Cromarty.

Returning to England in 1777, during the early part of the American war, Macleod was graciously received by George III, and, partly through the good offices of his cousin, Henry Dundas [see, first ], an offer made by him to raise a regiment of highlanders was accepted. His commission as colonel was dated 19 Dec. 1777. In a few weeks a fine body of 840 highlanders was got together, to which were added 236 lowlanders, raised by David (afterwards Sir David) Baird [q. v.] and other officers, and a few English and Irish. The regiment, 1,100 strong, marched to Elgin, and was passed for the service by General Skene in April 1778, and became the 73rd foot. Orders were at once issued for the formation of a second battalion. This was speedily completed, and from being an exile Macleod found himself at the head of a splendid corps of 2,200 of his countrymen, of whom 1,800 were from the neighbourhood in which his family once had its home. Stewart cites it as a remarkable example of the traditional influence of an old and respected name. Macleod embarked for India with the 1st battalion 73rd and other troops early in 1779. In accordance with instructions they occupied the island of Goree, which the French had abandoned for Senegal, and placed a garrison of the 75th and African corps there. They were delayed some months refitting at the Cape, and landed at Madras 20 Jan. 1780. Two days previously the 2nd battalion 73rd, under Macleod's brother George, landed at Gibraltar, as part of Admiral Rodney's relief, and bore a distinguished part in the subsequent defence. On 20 July 1780 tidings reached Madras of the irruption of Hyder Ali into the Carnatic. Three days later Macleod, as senior king's officer, urged on the president of the council the need of military reparations in the event of the rumours proving true. 'What can we do?' was the reply, 'we have no money,' 'but,' it was added, 'we mean to collect an army, and you are to command it.' Troops were then got together at Poonamallee, which Macleod was directed to march to Conjeveram. He remonstrated with the council as to the inadequacy of the force, saying, 'I have always observed that when you despise your enemy, he ends by giving you a d—d rap over the knuckles' (, Life of Baird, i. 17). The


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Mackenzie troops were marched to St. Thomas's Mount, and there encamped. On 25 Aug. Sir Hector Munro [q. v.] arrived from Calcutta, where he had been in command, and took command of the troops, and a movement was made to effect a junction at Conjeveram with the detachment from Guntoor under Colonel William Baillie (d. 1782) [q. v.], which ended in the destruction of Baillie's detachment, and of a small reinforcement, including the flank companies of Macleod's regiment, which Munro sent to its aid. Munro's troops returned to Madras, and their safe return is said to have been due to the skill of Macieod. Soon after their return, Sir Eyre Coote (1726–1783) [q. v.] arrived and assumed the chief command. Macieod, on 12 Dec. 1780, was appointed president of a general court-martial for the trial of Brigadier Stuart. He appears to have had a dispute on some point of military etiquette with Coote, who wrote to him on 16 Aug. 1781, from camp Chaultrie, 'I cannot help expressing my regret that your lordship should have experienced a necessity for coming to the resolution of going home upon the principle your lordship has mentioned' (, i. cclv). Macieod went home, and in 1783 became a major-general on the British establishment.

After the 71st highlanders, raised in 1776 by Lieutenant-general Simon Fraser [see, 1726-1782], had been disbanded at the close of the American war, the 73rd or Macleod's highlanders, which had greatly distinguished themselves under Eyre Coote, were renumbered as the 71st. They are now the 1st highland light infantry (late 71st foot), and are not to be confused with a battalion of the 42nd highlanders, which under Colonel (afterwards General) Norman Macieod performed distinguished service at Mangalore and elsewhere in the war with Hyder Ali, and succeeded Macleod's regiment in the position of 73rd foot.

In December 1780, when still in India, Macieod was returned to parliament, amid great local rejoicing, as member for Rossshire. The family estates were restored to him in 1784, on payment of a sum of 19,000l. to relieve the property of certain burdens. He commenced rebuilding Tarbat House, destroyed in 1746, and improving the policies. He died at Edinburgh 2 April 1789, aged 62. He was laid beside his mother in the old churchyard of the Canongate, where is a monument to mother and son. He married in 1786 Margery, eldest daughter of the sixteenth Lord Forbes, but had no issue. His widow married, secondly, John Murray, fourth duke of Atholl. She died in 1842. The Cromarty estates devolved on his cousin Kenneth Mackenzie of Cromartie, son of the Hon. Roderick Mackenzie, second son of the second earl. They now have passed through the female line to the Duke of Sutherland.

(1741–1787), a younger brother of Lord Macleod, was long an officer of the 1st royal Scots, and commanded the 2nd battalion 73rd at the defence of Gibraltar. After the disbanding of that battalion at Stirling, in October 1783 he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of the surviving battalion, which became the 71st (late 73rd) highlanders. He died at Wallajaoad, 4 June 1787, aged 46. A monument was erected to him in the burying-ground of Fort St. George 'by the officers of his regiment and by his nephew and name-son, George Mackenzie, 75th regiment, who had fought and bled at his side.'

 MACKENZIE, JOHN (1806–1848), Gaelic scholar, was born on 17 July 1806 in the parish of Gairloch, Ross-shire. His father, Alexander Mackenzie, held some lands on the north side of Lochewe, and claimed kinship with the lairds of Gairloch. The family had been in comfortable circumstances, but misfortune had overtaken it. Mackenzie left the parish school of Gairloch at an early age, and was apprenticed to an itinerant carpenter and joiner of the district. During his wanderings Mackenzie began to write down the popular songs and airs which he heard sung. An accident met with while at work compelled him to return to Gairloch, and there he collected the poems of William Ross [q. v.], which were then only preserved orally. The volume was published in Inverness in 1830, and contained a prefatory memoir by Mackenzie. With a view to publishing other of the poems which he had collected, he went to Glasgow in 1833, and he published a second edition of Ross's poems there in 1834. In 1836 he was appointed a book-keeper in the Glasgow University printing-office, and sold his collection of Gaelic poetry to a publisher. The book appeared in 1841, under the title of 'The Beauties of Gaelic Poetry,' and it occupies a position in Gaelic literature second only to the collections that have been made of Ossian. It contained biographies in English of thirty-six of the better-known authors, and an introduction, also in


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Mackenzie English, on the history and poetry of the Celts, contributed by James Logan [q. v.], author of 'The Scottish Gael.' Mackenzie afterwards prepared a Gaelic history of Prince Charles, and edited a collection of Gaelic Jacobite songs, both volumes appearing in 1844. Entering the service of Messrs. Maclachlan & Stewart, an Edinburgh firm of publishers, he translated several theological works (infra) into Gaelic, edited the last edition of Duncan MacIntyre's [q. v.] poems, compiled the English-Gaelic part of MacAlpine's 'Gaelic Dictionary,' and assisted with the editing of the Gaelic magazine 'Cuaitear nan Gleann.' In 1847 he issued a prospectus of an enlarged edition of 'The Beauties of Gaelic Poetry,' but died at Poolewe on 19 Aug. 1848, before the project was carried out. His materials seem to have disappeared. A monument was erected by public subscription over his grave in 1878 (cf. Celtic Mag. 1877).

Mackenzie's original work is insignificant, and he included only one song of his own in the 'Cuaitear.' He translated or edited about thirty different Gaelic works, including, besides those mentioned, Baxter's 'Call to the Unconverted,' Bunyan's 'Pilgrim's Progress,' 'World to Come,' &c, Dyer's 'Christ's Famous Titles,' and Dr. Guthrie's 'Christian's Great Interest.' Mackenzie's English-Gaelic part of MacAlpine's 'Dictionary' is published separately.

 MACKENZIE, JOHN KENNETH (1850–1888), medical missionary, born at Yarmouth, Norfolk, on 25 Aug. 1860, was younger son of Alexander Mackenzie, a native of Ross-shire, by his wife Margaret, a member of a Breconshire family. His parents soon removed to Bristol. After being educated at a private school there, he entered a merchant's office as clerk in 1865. He supplied the defects of his education by private study, and devoted all his leisure time to evangelical work among the poorer classes in Bristol. Soon abandoning commercial life, he studied medicine with the intention of becoming a medical missionary. In October 1870 he entered the Bristol Medical School, and in 1874 obtained medical diplomas from London and Edinburgh. For a time he attended the Royal Ophthalmic Hospital in London. In 1875 the London Missionary Society appointed him superintendent of a newly founded medical station at Hankow, China, where he arrived on 8 June after an adventurous voyage. A mission had been established there in 1861, and a hospital was founded in 1867, connected with the new medical station. He threw himself with ardour into the work, making excursions into the surrounding district, and gaining the confidence of the natives by his skill as a doctor. The unhealthy climate forced him to seek another place of residence, and in March 1879 he was removed to Tien-tsin, where a hospital had been established ten years before. Here, as at Hankow, he speedily gained a high reputation among the Chinese, and he obtained funds for the erection of a new hospital, which was opened on 2 Dec. 1880. One of his most important works in Tien-tsin was the founding of a medical school for native students. Owing to the illness of his wife he returned to London in February 1883, but arrived at Tien-tsin again on 25 Sept. 1883. He died there 1 April 1888 of small-pox, contracted while attending a native patient.

 MACKENZIE, KENNETH, fourth (d. 1701), was the elder son of Kenneth, third earl, by Isabel, daughter of Sir John Mackenzie, baronet, of Tarbat. On 31 July 1675 the sheriffdom of Ross was renewed to him and his father. He succeeded to the earldom on the death of his father in 1678, and on 31 March 1681 he was served heir male of his grandfather, Kenneth, lord Mackenzie of Kintail. On the accession of James II in 1685 he was made a privy councillor, and in 1687 (on the revival of the order) a companion of the Thistle. At the revolution he adhered to James, whom he followed to France. Returning with him to Ireland he was at the siege of Londonderry, and was subsequently created Marquis of Seaforth. After the battle of Killiecrankie and the death of Claverhouse, James, writing on 30 Nov. 1689 from Dublin Castle to Colonel Cannon, promised to send to him Seaforth to 'head his friends and followers' (Leven and Melville Papers, p. 833). For some time his castle of Brahan was garrisoned by Hugh Mackay [q. v.] After General Thomas Buchan [q. v.] undertook the command of the Jacobite forces, Seaforth prepared to join him with a body of the northern clans, but, on learning of Buchan's defeat at Cromdale on 1 May 1690, he sent two of his clan to arrange terms with the government. He affirmed that he had merely taken up arms for the sake of appearances, and never had any real intention of joining Buchan. He also offered security for his future peaceable behaviour, but Mackay replied that he would


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 MATZ MAURY

MATZt Nicholas Chrysostora, R.C. bishop, was born in Miinster, Lorraine, France, April 6, 1850. He was educated at the Petit Seminaire, Finstingen, France, and immigrated to the United States in 1868. He was prepared for the priesthood in the College of St. Marys of the West, Cincinnati, Ohio, and was ordained, May 81, 1874, at Denver, Col., by Vicar Ai)ostolic Machelieuf. He was assistant pastor at the Denver cathedral, 1874-77; pastor at Georgetown. Col., 1877-80, and of St. Ann's, East Denver, Col., 1885-87. He was appointed coadjutor to Vicar Apostolic Machebeuf, who became the first bishop of the newly created diocese of Denver in 1887, and he was consecrated at Denver, Col., Oct. 28, 1887, by Archbishop Sali)ointe, assisted by Vicar Apostolic Machebeuf and the Abbot Fiowinus, his title being Bishop of Telmassa. He served as coadjutor to Bishop Machebeuf until the death of that prelate, July 10, 1889, when he succeeded to the see of Denver. MAUCK, Joseph William, educator, was born at Cheshire, Ohio, Aug. 17. 1852; son of Joseph and Adaline R. (Sigler) Mauck; grandson of Joseph and Elizabeth Mauck, and a descendant of Daniel Mauck, born in Pennsylvania, about 1725, who removed to Shanandoah county, Va., in 1751. He was graduated at Hillsdale college, Mich., A.B., 1875, A.M., 1877; was an undergra<luate tutor in Greek and Latin at Hillsdale c«)llege. 1873-75; professor of Greek, 1876-80; a post-graduate student at Johns Hopkins university in 1881, and professor of Latin in Hillsdale college. 1881-83. He engaged in editorial work in Chicago. III., 1883-85, and in banking and insurance in Minneapolis, Minn., 1885-91; was acting editor and publisher of the Free Baptist, in Minneai)olis, 1887; president of the University of South Dakota, Vermillion, 1891-97; superintendent of the South Dakota educational exhibit at the World's Columbian exposition, Chicago, III., in 1893, and a trustee of Hillsdale college, 188192, and again elected in 1900. MAUPHIN, Socrates, educator, was born in Albemarle county, Va., Nov. 12, 1808; a descendant of Huguenot ancestors. He was graduated at Washington college, Lexington, Va., in 1828, and from the medical department of the University of Virginia in 1830. He then took a general literary and scientific course in the University of Virginia, receiving his A.M. degree in 1833. He was professor of ancient languages and mathematics at Hamptien Sidney college, 1833-35, and principal of Richmond academy, 1885-38. He then established a private school which he conducted until 1853, and he was also one of the founders in 1838 of the Richmond Medical school, in which he was professor of chemistry and afterward dean. In 1853 he was appointed professor of chemistry and pharmacy in the University of Virginia, and became chairman of the faculty in 1854, continuing as such imtil his death. He was an active member and promoter of the Virginia Historical society. He died in Lynchburgh. Va., Oct. 19, 1871.

MAURY, Abram Poindexter, representative, was born in Williamson county, Tenn., Dec. 26, 1801; son of Abram (1766-1825) and Martha (Worsham) (1775-1844) Maury, who came from Lunenburg county, Va., to Williamson county, Tenn., late in the eighteenth century; grandson of Abraham (1731-1784) and Susannah (Poindexter) (1746-1801) Maury; great-grandson of Matthew and Mary Ann (Fontaine) Maury, Huguenot refugees, married in England, 1716, and settled in Virginia, 1719. Abram Poindexter Maury received a superior education, and when sixteen years of age was taken to St. Louis, Mo., by Col. Thomas H. Benton, to edit a newspaper. He resigned the editorship the next year to enter the U.S. Military academy, but left the academy in 1819 to study law and edit a newspaper in Nashville, Tenn. He was married, Jan. 12, 1825, to Mary Eliza Tennessee Claiborne, a niece of W. C. C. Claiborne, first governor of Louisiana. Mr. Maury purchased the homestead in Williamson county, on the death of his father in 1825, and he represented the county in both branches of the Tennessee legislature and in the 24th and 25th congresses, 1835-39. After 1839, he devoted himself to the practice of law, to literary pursuits, and to lecturing. He died in Franklin, Tenn., July 16, 1848.

MAURY, Ann, author, was born in Liverpool, England, September, 1803; daughter of James and Mary (Rutson) Maury; grand-daughter of the Rev. James and Mary (Walker) Maury; great-granddaughter of Matthew and Mary Ann (Fontaine) Maury, the Huguenot emigrants, and great2-granddaughter of the Rev. James and Ann Elizabeth (Boursiquot) Fontaine, who before their marriage fled from France to England, Nov. 30, 1685. Her father was U.S. consul to Liverpool, 1789-1837. She was educated in Liverpool, and on the return of her parents to New York in 1837 she published A Tale of the Huguenots, or Memoirs of a Huguenot Refugee Family, compiled from the manuscripts of the Rev. James Fontaine by one of his descendants, with an introduction by the Rev. F. L. Hawks, D.D. In 1853 George P. Putnam & Co. republished the work under the title Memoirs of a Huguenot Family translated and compiled from the original autobiography of the Rev. James Fontaine, by Ann Maury, late of New York City, with an appendix giving Translations of the Edict of Nantes, the Edict of Revocation, etc. Ann Maury died in New York city in January, 1876.


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Rh “But I wish to know——” she replied.

He laughed resentfully.

“You always do,” he said.

“It’s not fair to me,” she murmured.

He thrust, thrust, thrust at the ground with the pointed stick, digging up little clods of earth as if he were in a fever of irritation. She gently and firmly laid her hand on his wrist.

“Don’t!” she said. “Put it away.”

He flung the stick into the currant-bushes, and leaned back. Now he was bottled up.

“What is it?” she pleaded softly.

He lay perfectly still, only his eyes alive, and they full of torment.

“You know,” he said at length, rather wearily—” you know—we’d better break off.”

It was what she dreaded. Swiftly everything seemed to darken before her eyes.

“Why!” she murmured. “What has happened?”

“Nothing has happened. We only realize where we are. It’s no good——”

She waited in silence, sadly, patiently. It was no good being impatient with him. At any rate, he would tell her now what ailed him.

“We agreed on friendship,” he went on in a dull, monotonous voice. “How often have we agreed for friendship! And yet—it neither stops there, nor gets anywhere else.”

He was silent again. She brooded. What did he mean? He was so wearying. There was something he would not yield. Yet she must be patient with him.

“I can only give friendship—it’s all I’m capable of—it’s a flaw in my make-up. The thing overbalances to one side—I hate a toppling balance. Let us have done.”

There was warmth of fury in his last phrases. He meant she loved him more than he her. Perhaps he could not love her. Perhaps she had not in herself that which he wanted. It was the deepest motive of her soul, this self-mistrust. It was so deep she dared neither realize nor acknowledge it. Perhaps she was deficient. Like an infinitely subtle shame, it kept her always back. If it were so, she would do without him. She would never let herself want him. She would merely see.

“But what has happened?” she said.

“Nothing—it’s all in myself—it only comes out just now. We’re always like this towards Easter-time.”

He grovelled so helplessly, she pitied him. At least she


text: The Remembrancer

title: The Remembrancer


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 be satisfied with no other security than the delivery of his person. Thereupon he agreed to deliver himself up to be confined in Inverness, only stipulating that he should be seized at his seat with a show of force to hide his voluntary submission from the clan. On a party being sent to capture him he, however, changed his mind and disappointed them, pleading that his delicate health would suffer from imprisonment. Thereupon Mackay resolved to treat his vassals 'with the rigour of military execution;' but, desirous for their sake to avoid extremities, he caused information of his intentions to be sent to Seaforth (, Memoirs, p. 102), who thereupon surrendered himself and was confined in the castle of Inverness. In consequence of a warrant of the privy council, 7 Oct. 1690, he was brought to Edinburgh and imprisoned in the castle. His relative, viscount Tarbat, first earl of Cromarty [q. v.], made strong representations to Lord Melville against the impolicy of his imprisonment (Leven and Melville Papers, pp. 567, 585), but he was retained a prisoner till 7 Jan. 1692, when he was allowed his liberty within ten miles of Edinburgh. On 7 May he was apprehended at Pencaitland and confined to the castle of Inverness, and was not finally liberated till 1 March 1696-7. Afterwards he went to France, and died in Paris in January 1701.

By his wife Lady Frances (d. 1732), second daughter of William Herbert, marquis of Powis, he had two sons,, fifth earl [q. v.], and Alexander; a daughter, Mary, married John Caryll, son of (1666?-1736) [q. v.] A portrait of the fourth earl is at Brahan.

MACKENZIE, KENNETH (1754–1833), lieutenant-general. [See .]

MACKENZIE, KENNETH DOUGLAS (1811–1873), colonel, born 1 Feb. 1811, was only son and eldest child of Donald Mackenzie and his wife, the daughter of T. Mylne of Mylnefield, Perthshire, and nephew of General Sir [q. v.] On 25 Nov. 1831 he was appointed ensign in the 92nd Gordon Highlanders, in which he became lieutenant in 1836 and captain in 1844, all by purchase. He served with the regiment in the Mediterranean, West Indies, and at home. During the Irish insurrection of 1848, when he was acting as brigadier-major of the flying column under Major-general John Macdonald (d. 1869), to whom he had been adjutant in the 92nd, his courage and self-reliance brought him into notice. On the arrest of [q. v.] at Thurles railway station on 5 Aug. 1848, Mackenzie, in order to keep the fact a secret, so as to avoid a possible attempt at a rescue or a destruction the line, contrived to stop a passenger train, in which to send O'Brien to Dublin. The engine-driver refused to comply with Mackenzie's order until Mackenzie held a pistol to his head and threatened to kill him (Ann. Reg. 1848). Mackenzie was' held to have exercised a sound discretion, which would have been a good legal defence to him if he had proceeded to put his threat into execution' (, Law relating to Officers of the Army, p. 169). Sir [q. v.] stated in the House of Commons that Mackenzie's conduct had received the highest commendation of the commander-in-chief, the Duke of Wellington.

Mackenzie soon after received the appointment of deputy-assistant adjutant-general in Dublin, which he held until the Crimean war. He went to Turkey as brigade-major of Codrington's brigade of the light division, with which he landed in the Crimea, and was present at the Alma and Inkermann and before Sevastapol. He was made brevet-major 12 Dec. 1854, and brevet lieutenant-colonel Nov. 1855. From the beginning of 1855 to the end of the war he served first as deputy-assistant quartermaster-general, and then as an assistant adjutant-general at the headquarters before Sevastopol, and latterly as assistant quartermaster-general at Balaklava. Lord Raglan described him as 'not to be surpassed in efficiency by any officer in the army.' After the war he went back to Dublin as deputy-assistant adjutant-general. He became major in the 92nd in 1857, accompanied the regiment to India in January 1858, and served in the Central Indian campaign (medal), and was made an assistant adjutant-general in Bengal. In June 1869 he was sent to quell a mutiny in the 5th Bengal Europeans at Berhampore, a service for which he was thanked by the governor-general in council, and by the secretary of state. In 1860 he was deputy quartermaster-general and head of the department in the expedition to the north of China (C.B. and medal). He was promoted to a lieutenant-colonelcy unattached in 1861, and became brevet-colonel 1 April 1869. He was assistant adjutant-general in Dublin during the Fenian disturbances of 1865-6, and on 1 April 1870 was appointed assistant quartermaster-general at the horse guards, in which capacity he took


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222 never floundered in such a pitiable way. After all, it was he who was chiefly humiliated.

“What do you want?” she asked him.

“Why—I mustn’t come often–that’s all. Why should I monopolize you when I’m not—— You see, I’m deficient in something with regard to you——”

He was telling her he did not love her, and so ought to leave her a chance with another man. How foolish and blind and shamefully clumsy he was! What were other men to her! What were men to her at all! But he, ah! she loved his soul. Was he deficient in something? Perhaps he was.

“But I don’t understand,” she said huskily. “Yesterday——”

The night was turning jangled and hateful to him as the twilight faded. And she bowed under her suffering.

“I know,” he cried, “you never will! You’ll never believe that I can’t—can’t physically, any more than I can fly up like a skylark——”

“What?” she murmured. Now she dreaded.

“Love you.”

He hated her bitterly at that moment because he made her suffer. Love her! She knew he loved her. He really belonged to her. This about not loving her, physically, bodily, was a mere perversity on his part, because he knew she loved him. He was stupid like a child. He belonged to her. His soul wanted her. She guessed somebody had been influencing him. She felt upon him the hardness, the foreignness of another influence.

“What have they been saying at home?” he asked.

“It’s not that,” he answered.

And then she knew it was. She despised them for their commonness, his people. They did not know what things were really worth.

He and she talked very little more that night. After all he left her to cycle with Edgar.

He had come back to his mother. Hers was the strongest tie in his life. When he thought round, Miriam shrank away. There was a vague, unreal feel about her. And nobody else mattered. There was one place in the world that stood solid and did not melt into unreality: the place where his mother was. Everybody else could grow shadowy, almost non-existent to him, but she could not. It was as if the pivot and pole of his life, from which he could not escape, was his mother.

And in the same way she waited for him. In him was


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Rh established her life now. After all, the life beyond offered very little to Mrs. Morel. She saw that our chance for doing is here, and doing counted with her. Paul was going to prove that she had been right; he was going to make a man whom nothing should shift off his feet; he was going to alter the face of the earth in some way which mattered. Wherever he went she felt her soul went with him. Whatever he did she felt her soul stood by him, ready, as it were, to hand him his tools. She could not bear it when he was with Miriam. William was dead. She would fight to keep Paul.

And he came back to her. And in his soul was a feeling of the satisfaction of self-sacrifice because he was faithful to her. She loved him first; he loved her first. And yet it was not enough. His new young life, so strong and imperious, was urged towards something else. It made him mad with restlessness. She saw this, and wished bitterly that Miriam had been a woman who could take this new life of his, and leave her the roots. He fought against his mother almost as he fought against Miriam.

It was a week before he went again to Willey Farm. Miriam had suffered a great deal, and was afraid to see him again. Was she now to endure the ignominy of his abandoning her? That would only be superficial and temporary. He would come back. She held the keys to his soul. But meanwhile, how he would torture her with his battle against her. She shrank from it.

However, the Sunday after Easter he came to tea. Mrs. Leivers was glad to see him. She gathered something was fretting him, that he found things hard. He seemed to drift to her for comfort. And she was good to him. She did him that great kindness of treating him almost with reverence.

He met her with the young children in the front garden.

“I’m glad you’ve come,” said the mother, looking at him with her great appealing brown eyes. “It is such a sunny day. I was just going down the fields for the first time this year.”

He felt she would like him to come. That soothed him. They went, talking simply, he gentle and humble. He could have wept with gratitude that she was deferential to him. He was feeling humiliated.

At the bottom of the Mow Close they found a thrush’s nest.

“Shall I show you the eggs?” he said.

“Do!” replied Mrs. Leivers. “They seem such a sign of spring, and so hopeful.”


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 MAVERICK MAXEY

MAVERICK, Samuel Augustus Texan patriot, was born in Pendleton, S.C, July 25, 1803; son of ———— and Elizabeth (Anderson) Maverick; grandson of Gen. Robert Anderson, captain in the Revolutionary army, and a descendant of John Maverick, an original settler of Charleston, S.C, between 1670-80. His father was a leading merchant in Charleston, S.C. He was graduated at Yale. A.B., 1825. studied law under Henry St. George Tucker, of Winchester, Va., and was admitted to the bar in South Carolina. He was opposed to nullification and fought a duel with Senator John C. Calhoun, in which the latter was wounded. Maverick removed to Alabama and thence to Texas, settling in San Antonio in 1835. He took an active part in the storming of San Antonio, was taken prisoner by the Mexicans and sentenced to be shot, but was afterward released and was a member of the convention that signed the declaration of independence of the new Republic of Texas, March 2, 1836. He was married in 1836 to Mary Ann Adams, of Tuscaloosa, Ala. He was active in settling the affairs of the republic, served as mayor of San Antonio in 1839, and was captured by the Mexicans in that city in September, 1842, when they overpowered the few who attempted its defence. He was confined with others in the castle of Perote, Mexico, and was released in April, 1848, on the intercession of the American minister. He was a member of the Texas congress in 1845, when the republic was annexed to the United States. He converted his property in South Carolina into Texas lands, and he served several terms in both houses of the Texas legislature. He advocated secession in 1860-61, but after 1861 took no part in public affairs. He was placed under arrest in 1865 for taking part in seizing and transferring the fort and arms of the U.S. government to the use of the Confederate. He died in San Antonio, Texas, Sept. 2, 1870.

MAXEY, Jonathan, educator, was born in Attleborough, Mass., Sept. 2, 1768; son of Levi and Ruth (Newell) Maxcy; grandson of Josiah and Mary (Everett) Maxcy and of Jacob Newell, and a great-grandson of Alexander Maxcy, who settled first in Gloucester, Mass., and in 1721 in Attleborough, Mass. Jonathan was prepared for college at Wrentham academy, Mass.; was graduated at Brown university, honor man, A.B. 1787, A.M., 1700. and remained there as tutor. 1787-91. librarian, 1788-92. and as the first and only professor of divinity, 1791-92. He was ordained pastor of the First Baptist church in Providence, R.I., Sept. 8, 1791, and on the death of President Manning of Brown in 1792 he resigned his pastorate to become acting president pro tempore of the college, Sept. 8, 1782, although only twenty-four years old, and he was acting president, 1792-97. He was regularly elected president and served, 1797-1802. He was president of Union college, Schenectady, N.Y., 1802-04, as successor to Jonathan Edwards, Jr., deceased, and president of South Carolina college, newly established at Columbia, 1805-20. He was a trustee of Brown university, 1791-92, and a fellow, 1792-1802. He received the degree of D.D. from Harvard in 1801. He was married to Susan, daughter of Commodore Esek Hopkins, of Providence, R.I. He is the author of many published sermons, discourses and addresses, which were collected and published with a brief memoir of his life by the Rev. Romeo Elton, D.D. (1844). He died in Columbia, S.C, June 4, 1820.

MAXEY, Samuel Bell, senator, was born in Tompkinsville, Ky., March 30, 1825; son of Rice Maxey, clerk of the circuit and county courts of Clinton county, Ky., and a descendant of Huguenot settlers in Virginia. He was graduated at the U.S. Military academy and brevetted 2d lieutenant in the 7th infantry, July 1, 1846. He served in the war with Mexico, was promoted 2d lieutenant in the 8th infantry, Feb. 23, 1847; was transferred to the 7th infantry, July 8, 1847, and was brevetted 1st lieutenant, Aug. 20, 1847, for gallantry at Contreras and Churubusco. He resigned from the U.S. army, Sept. 18, 1849. He was admitted to the bar in 1850, and practised at Albany, Clinton county, Ky., where he served as clerk of the circuit and county courts and as master in chancery, 1852-56. He removed to Paris, Texas, in 1857, was district attorney of Lamar county, Texas, 1858-59, and a delegate to the Secession convention, 1861, where he favored the measure. He was elected to the Texas senate in 1861, but did not take his seat, joining the Confederate army instead. He raised the 9th Texas infantry, was commissioned its colonel and joined Gen. Albert S. Johnston in March, 1862. He was promoted brigadier-general in 1862 and sent to Chattanooga, where he served under General Bragg and took part in the assault of Mitchel's retreating army, driving it from Bridgeport, Battle Creek and Stevenson, and captured all the stores. He took part in the first siege of Port Hudson, the Big Black campaign and the siege of Corinth. He was appointed to the command of the Indian Territory military district by President Davis in 1863 where he placed 2000 more Texans and Indians under arms. On April 30, 1864, his cavalry division attacked Gen. Frederick Steele at Jenkins's Ferry, and captured his entire baggage train. He was promoted major-general for these services in 1864, and was commandant of the military district and superintendent of Indian affairs in