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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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 {| class="table illus"

 * |||page
 * PORTRAITS OF J. M$c$KINLAY, J. DAVIS, R. POOLE, J. C. KIRBY, AND P. WYLDE||Frontispiece
 * PORTRAIT OF JOHN McDOUALL STUART (From a photograph by Mr. R. S. Stacey, North Adelaide)||4
 * PORTRAIT OF R. O'HARA BURKE (From the "Illustrated London News")||20
 * PORTRAIT OF WILLIAM JOHN WILLS (From the "Illustrated London News")||26
 * VIEW OF LAKE HOPE, OR PANDO||88
 * VIEW OF LAKE CAMEL||95
 * VIEW OF KIRRIE||98
 * OUR LITTLE CANVAS CAMP||105
 * VIEW OF LAKE BUCHANAN||134
 * VIEW OF LAKE KADHIBERRI, OR MASSACRE LAKE||146
 * PORTRAIT OF KERI KERI||154
 * VIEW OF LAKE McKINLAY||178
 * SKETCH ON THE GILBERT||362
 * A CAMP ON THE BURDEKIN||376
 * "THE ALLIGATORS WERE CLOSE TO US"||384
 * }
 * OUR LITTLE CANVAS CAMP||105
 * VIEW OF LAKE BUCHANAN||134
 * VIEW OF LAKE KADHIBERRI, OR MASSACRE LAKE||146
 * PORTRAIT OF KERI KERI||154
 * VIEW OF LAKE McKINLAY||178
 * SKETCH ON THE GILBERT||362
 * A CAMP ON THE BURDEKIN||376
 * "THE ALLIGATORS WERE CLOSE TO US"||384
 * }
 * SKETCH ON THE GILBERT||362
 * A CAMP ON THE BURDEKIN||376
 * "THE ALLIGATORS WERE CLOSE TO US"||384
 * }
 * "THE ALLIGATORS WERE CLOSE TO US"||384
 * }
 * }


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 THE

DISCOVERY, EXPLORATION, AND SETTLEMENT OF AUSTRALIA.

reader may be interested in possessing for reference a concise view of the leading occurrences in the progress of the exploration of Australia, and the settlement of its colonies. There are now five of these colonies, which, in their order as to time of establishment, are as follows:—New South Wales, West Australia, South Australia, Victoria, and Queensland. We confine ourselves to a consideration of Australia, without alluding to Tasmania, New Zealand, and other adjacent islands that are comprised under the wider area of Australasia.

1601.—Earliest authenticated discovery of Australia, by Manoel Godinho de Heredia, a Portuguese. This discovery was usually ascribed to the Dutch, in the year 1606, until Mr Major, two years ago (in 1861) had deduced the earlier date from a manuscript he found in the British Museum.

1770.—The Eastern coast made known by Cook, and called New South Wales.

1798.—Discovery by Bass that Van Diemen's Land is not a continuation of Australia, but is separated by a strait, which has since borne his name, Bass's Strait.

1802.—Completion of the coast outline by Flinders, by the discovery of Spencer Gulf, Port Phillip, and the intervening coast.

1828-31.—The Darling and the Murray, forming the largest river system of Australia, discovered by Sturt.

1840.—The Australian Alps, the highest mountain range of Australia, explored by Strzelecki.

1840.—Eyre's difficult and hazardous journey overland, from the colony of South Australia to that of West Australia.

1844-5.—Leichhardt's important journey overland from New South Wales to Port Essington in North Australia.

1845.—Sturt reaches from the colony of South Australia, the middle of Australia; dispels the notion of a great inland sea, till then prevalent, and substitutes that of a great interior desert. This unprecedently bold expedition, in connection with his previous explorations, have deservedly procured for him the distinctive title of the "Father of Australian discovery."


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Rh camp insensible. When Bran saw her in Bungilina's arms he sprang upon him, and would have torn him to pieces, had not the chief instantly laid her down.

The weakened state of Lindigo, and the tears she shed at her disappointment in not being seen and liberated by Charlie and his companions, moved the young savage to pity her.

He now told her the purport of the secret which had been kept from her; how it was that the hunting party had so suddenly met with the loss of their leader.

This was that they discovered a number of white men, with many strange animals and other things belonging to them, had taken possession of their hunting grounds; that when they attempted to drive them away, and surrounded them in their building, fire and thunder was sent upon them, which killed their leader at once. Hence their precipitate retreat to the island, lest they should all share the same fate if Lindigo was found in their possession. He also told her that strict commands on pain of death were given by Bungilina, that who was to be kept ignorant of the discovery lest she might make her escape.

Lindigo finding Matoka so communicative, and softened to such a degree towards her, thought this a favourable opportunity to gain his pity and assistance in making her escape from where she might remain a captive all her lifetime, and at the same time so near the only person she loved on earth. She worded her petition in the following manner, according to the custom of the tribe:—

"The brave Matoka knows well that a poor woman who was never used to living in the thick forest, or swim the deep water, or paddle the canoe like his own native women, is unable to make her escape without the help of a warrior! and who could she seek help from in an undertaking which would bring to her the greatest happiness she could desire, but her kind, generous, and brave Matoka; who had always attended to her comforts, and whose quick eye and swift foot hunted down the fastest kangaroo which furnished her with food and covering, whose skillfulskilful [sic] hand constructed her bowers and adorned

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170 them with the tails of the Wallna Wallna (Lyre Bird), whose sharp spear brought down from the tallest tree the nimble Tuon for her furs, and from the densest scrub the shy Wonga Wonga for her food!"

This appeal to the savage caused an apparent struggle in his mind, and he seemed to waver awhile between sympathy for the pleader and the stern commands and duty he owed to his brother the chief. But, alas! the latter predominated. The terrible punishment and everlasting disgrace (should his loyalty to his tribe fail) determined his mind, and he answered—"It must not be. What would the Warrigals say if I were to assist you in your escape? They would say—'There goes the traitor Matoka, who betrayed his brother and tribe! He has opened the track for the white men to make thunder and spit fire upon us! Our wives will become widows; they shall wear clay on their hair, and our children will be orphans! Who will then hunt the kangaroo and emu? Our enemies shall hunt our game, which will make way for the white fellows big animals! The corroboree will be held no longer, and the cooeycooee [sic] and war shout will be silenced by the white man's thunder, and the loud crack of his snake (stockwhip)!' When you are gone there will be no smiling face to cheer Matoka when he returns from hunting his game and fighting his enemies. Who then will say a kind word to him, or teach him how the white man does his wonderful work? Lindigo will then become the wife of the white man, who will take her to his gunyah, where she will forget all about Matoka."

"Brave and noble Matoka," replied Lindigo, "you are greatly mistaken; never will Lindigo forget her kind and generous Warrigal friend. If you help me you need no longer fear your tribe or their laws; the white man will be your friend, and that of your tribe, if you will but restore to them their long-lost Lindigo. They will give you their spitfire (gun), and teach you how to use it, when you will be able to chastise your enemies and kill your game. You will have no need to tire your limbs in your hunting, for a Yarraman (horse) shall carry you after it. Every one will then say—'There goes the

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Rh brave Matoka, who brought back our long-lost Lindigo! We will make him a great chief over all the tribes! We will clothe him like ourselves, and give him back all his hunting-ground.'"

It was enough; the right chord was struck; Matoka surrendered to the musical voice of the pleader. He could no longer withstand her look, and the touching appeal of the white woman. His eyes brightened; he grasped his nulla-nulla more tightly, then looking at his half-naked limbs and inferior war implements, he whispered cautiously "Malae," (I surrender); "to-night, when all are asleep." 'Wah!' exclaimed Bungilina, who thought the time given to Matoka had been exceeded, when the young man sprung out of the gunyah, afraid that his last words had been heard by his brother.

With great anxiety and hope Lindigo watched for the coming darkness, the time went wearily until the last of the tribe had laid down for the night. Her dog kept close by her side within the gunyah, and sat up as if watching something. At length he gave a slight growl, which was instantly interrupted by the hand of his mistress being placed on his mouth, when the crouching figure of the faithful Matoka was seen at the entrance. Without a word he took her by the hand, leading her in the same recumbent position, while her dog instinctively sneaked behind her, and followed in a slow and measured step.

In passing close by Bungilina's gunyah they heard, to their terror, that either his lacerated arm or suspicion kept him still awake; they had, therefore, to crawl more cautiously, dreading every moment that he might spring up and seize them. However, they cleared the camp safely, and penetrated the narrow strip of tea-tree, which separated the encampment from the border of the lake where the canoes lay. Matoka pushed his canoe a little further out, when Lindigo and her dog seated themselves in the bottom. But, horror! the faithful guide had hardly taken his place when the alarm was heard in the camp, and, instantly a rush was made to the canoes. Matoka made the best use he could of the start by shooting out into the lake, and, with his usual skill,

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Year 1860.—Stuart reaches from South Australia, the central point of Australia (Central Mount Stuart), and passes on almost to the opposite sea. He, in turn, dispels the notion of a great central desert.

1861.—Burke and Wills, from Victoria, reach the Gulf of Carpentaria, thus first crossing Australia from sea to sea.

1862.—Stuart, McKinlay, and Landsborough all accomplish this year the expedition across Australia from sea to sea.

SETTLEMENT. 1788.—Foundation of the colony of New South Wales, 26th January, when Sydney was founded.

1793.—Introduction of the fine-woolled Merino sheep by Mr. John McArthur, a step of unsurpassed importance to the whole of Australia.

1829.—Foundation of the colony of West Australia.

1835.—The Port Phillip District (afterwards the colony of Victoria) colonized from Tasmania; and the site of Melbourne, the capital, occupied.

1836.—Foundation of the colony of South Australia.

1840.—Cessation of transportation to New South Wales. (The colony had been founded in 1788 as a penal settlement to the mother country.)

1843.—Representative political institutions conferred upon the Australian colonies (an Assembly consisting of one third nominees of the Governor, who is always nominated by the Crown, and of two-thirds elected by the colonists.

1850.—West Australia made a penal, settlement of the mother country.

1851.—Discovery of the Australian Gold Fields by Hargreaves, 12th February. Their existence was inferred, on scientific grounds, seven years previously by Sir R. I. Murchison.

1851.—The colony of Victoria established by separation of the district of Port Phillip from New South Wales, 1st July.

1851.—Ballarat, the earliest known of the great gold fields of Victoria, discovered in September.

1855.—Branch of the Royal Mint established at Sydney; came into operation on 13th May.

1855.—Responsible self-government conceded to the Australian colonies, West Australia excepted for the present. (Government by ministries with ministerial responsibility, as in the Home Government.)

1859.—The colony of Queensland established, by separation of the Moreton Bay District from New South Wales, December.


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172 plied his paddles with great quickness; but, alas! his pursuers were equally expert in that art. The yells and screams of the pursuers, which pierced the still night air, nearly frightened poor Lindigo to death. However, by the encouraging words of her guide, she endeavoured to keep her spirits up.

One canoe, which shot ahead of the rest, closed upon them at every stroke, when Matoka uttered the word Bungilina, which sent a thrill of horror through Lindigo's heart, knowing the chiefs superiority in propelling his canoe. The chase now became exciting and alarming to the fugitives, for the chief's canoe was almost abreast of them, apparently Bungilina had the intention of heading them.

The brothers now strained every nerve, when the chiefs wounded arm began to bleed, which greatly weakened him, and was thus unable to gain an inch.

Seeing himself likely to be defeated, he seized his boomerang, and hurled it violently at the fugitives, but fortunately missed them, striking, however, the side of their canoe, which, being nearly cut in two, sunk instantly under them. As Lindigo was sinking, her faithful dog, for the second time, saved her life by holding her up, when the chief once more had her in his power, and she again became his captive. The faithful Matoka was picked up, greatly exhausted, by one of the canoes, and brought back a prisoner to the camp.

Next day the sentence was passed on Matoka for attempting to carry off the white captive, thus violating the strict laws of his brother the chief, and the whole tribe, who had prophesied their own extirpation should Lindigo be restored to her own race, having no doubt but that she would reveal their sacrificing her shipwrecked companions.

The sentence passed on warriors holding such a high position as Matoka did, was generally to have a certain number of spears thrown at him, according to the nature and extent of his offence, and should he be skilful and active enough to ward them off with his narrow shield, he would be forgiven and raised to a higher rank. But on the other hand, should he be unfortunate, enough

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Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/580

542 But wanting one sweet weakness—to forgive;

Too shocked at faults her soul can never know,

She deems that all could be like her below:

Foe to all vice, yet hardly Virtue's friend,

For Virtue pardons those she would amend.

But to the theme, now laid aside too long,

The baleful burthen of this honest song,

Though all her former functions are no more,

She rules the circle which she served before.

If mothers—none know why—before her quake;

If daughters dread her for the mothers' sake;

If early habits—those false links, which bind

At times the loftiest to the meanest mind—"

Have given her power too deeply to instil

The angry essence of her deadly will;

If like a snake she steal within your walls,

Till the black slime betray her as she crawls;

If like a viper to the heart she wind,

And leave the venom there she did not find;{pline|50}}

What marvel that this hag of hatred works

Eternal evil latent as she lurks,

To make a Pandemonium where she dwells,

And reign the Hecate of domestic hells?

Skilled by a touch to deepen Scandal's tints

With all the kind mendacity of hints,

While mingling truth with falsehood—sneers with smiles—

A thread of candour with a web of wiles;


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Rh A plain blunt show of briefly-spoken seeming,

To hide her bloodless heart's soul-hardened scheming;

A lip of lies; a face formed to conceal,

And, without feeling, mock at all who feel:

With a vile mask the Gorgon would disown,—

A cheek of parchment, and an eye of stone.

Mark, how the channels of her yellow blood

Ooze to her skin, and stagnate there to mud,

Cased like the centipede in saffron mail,

Or darker greenness of the scorpion's scale—

(For drawn from reptiles only may we trace

Congenial colours in that soul or face)—

Look on her features! and behold her mind

As in a mirror of itself defined:

Look on the picture! deem it not o'ercharged—

There is no trait which might not be enlarged:

Yet true to "Nature's journeymen," who made

This monster when their mistress left off trade—

This female dog-star of her little sky,

Where all beneath her influence droop or die.

Oh! wretch without a tear—without a thought,

Save joy above the ruin thou hast wrought—

The time shall come, nor long remote, when thou

Shalt feel far more than thou inflictest now;

Feel for thy vile self-loving self in vain,

And turn thee howling in unpitied pain.

May the strong curse of crushed affections light


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544 Back on thy bosom with reflected blight!

And make thee in thy leprosy of mind

As loathsome to thyself as to mankind!

Till all thy self-thoughts curdle into hate,

Black—as thy will for others would create:

Till thy hard heart be calcined into dust,

And thy soul welter in its hideous crust.

Oh, may thy grave be sleepless as the bed,

The widowed couch of fire, that thou hast spread!

Then, when thou fain wouldst weary Heaven with prayer,

Look on thine earthly victims—and despair!

Down to the dust!—and, as thou rott'st away,

Even worms shall perish on thy poisonous clay.

But for the love I bore, and still must bear,

To her thy malice from all ties would tear—

Thy name—thy human name—to every eye

The climax of all scorn should hang on high,

Exalted o'er thy less abhorred compeers—

And festering in the infamy of years. [First draft, March 29, 1816. First printed as published, April 4, 1816.]

STANZAS TO AUGUSTA.

all around grew drear and dark,

And reason half withheld her ray—


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The Cyclopædia of American Biography/London, Jack

LONDON, Jack, author, b. in San Francisco, Cal., 12 Jan., 1876; d. at Glen Ellen, Cal., 22 Nov., 1916, son of John and Flora (Wellman) London, of New England ancestry. His father was a soldier, scout, backwoodsman, and trapper, who crossed the continent from Pennsylvania to California. Jack London received his early education at the public schools of Oakland and helped to increase the family income by selling newspapers after

school hours. Later he engaged in salmon-fishing, oyster-pirating, schooner-sailing, and other precarious and adventurous enterprises on San Francisco Bay. At the age of sixteen he shipped before the mast on a sailing-vessel, and in 1893 he made a voyage to Japan and went seal-hunting in the Behring Sea. In 1894 he tramped through the United States and Canada, leading the life of a “hobo” and gathering sociological data at first hand. These data formed the subject of many interesting sociological essays and furnished material for many of his stories of the underworld. When he had finished his wanderings he returned to Oakland, completed the first year's work at the high school there and passed the entrance examination to the State University. He was obliged to leave college before completing his freshman year, and in 1897 he went to the Klondike where he found a wealth of literary material that has found shape in some of his best works. In 1898 he returned to Oakland and in the following year his first magazine article appeared in the “Overland Monthly.” He then devoted himself altogether to literature. In 1902 he lived for a time as a tramp in the slums of the east end of London, continuing the sociological studies in which he was intensely interested, and during the Russo-Japanese War he went to the front as war correspondent for the New York “Journal.” At various other times he traveled extensively in out-of-the-way places, and lectured all over the United States on his travels and on sociological topics. His published works are chiefly books of adventure, marked by a strength, freshness, and originality of both subject and style, which set them apart from any other literature of the kind which is now being produced in America. They include: “The Son of the Wolf” (1900); “Tales of the Far North” (1900); “The God of His Fathers and Other Stories” (1901); “Daughter of the Snows” (1902); “The Cruise of the Dazzler” (1902); “The Children of the Frost” (1902); “The Call of the Wild” (1903); “The People of the Abyss” (1903); “The Kempton-Wace Letters” (co-author 1903); “The Sea-Wolf” (1904); “The Faith of Men” (1904); “The Fish Patrol” (1905); “Moon-Face” (1906); “White Fang” (1907); “Before Adam” (1907); “Love of Life” (1907); “The Iron Heel” (1907); “The Road” (1907); “Martin Eden” (1909); “Lost Face” (1909); “Revolution” (1909); “Burning Daylight” (1910); “Theft” (1910); “When God Laughs” (1910); “Adventure” (1911); “The Cruise of the Snark” (1911); “John Barleycorn” (1913); “The Valley of the Moon” (1914). Mr. London married twice: first 7 April, 1900, to Bessie Maddern, of Oakland, Cal.; second, 19 Nov., 1905, to Charmian Kittredge, of Chicago.


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Rh And Hope but shed a dying spark

Which more misled my lonely way;

In that deep midnight of the mind,

And that internal strife of heart,

When dreading to be deemed too kind,

The weak despair—the cold depart;

When Fortune changed—and Love fled far,

And Hatred's shafts flew thick and fast,

Thou wert the solitary star

Which rose and set not to the last.

Oh! blest be thine unbroken light!

That watched me as a Seraph's eye,

And stood between me and the night,

For ever shining sweetly nigh.

And when the cloud upon us came,

Which strove to blacken o'er thy ray—

Then purer spread its gentle flame,

And dashed the darkness all away.

Still may thy Spirit dwell on mine,

And teach it what to brave or brook—


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1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Löffler, Friedrich

LÖFFLER, FRIEDRICH (1852-1915), German biologist, was born at Frankfort-on-the-Oder June 24 1852 and educated at the universities of Würzburg and Berlin. He early began the study of parasitic diseases, and his description of the bacillus of diphtheria, published in 1884, was the originating cause of the modern anti-toxin treatment. He died in Berlin April 8 1915.


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User talk:Zellfaze

--Prosfilaes (talk) 14:13, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

What's with the files you've been uploading? Stuff like city meeting notes are not generally in scope here.--Prosfilaes (talk) 14:13, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zellfaze


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1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Logue, Michael

LOGUE, MICHAEL (1840-), Irish ecclesiastic, was born at Kilmacrenan, co. Donegal, on Oct. 1 1840, of peasant stock. He was ordained priest in 1866 at Paris, where he had been professor of belles lettres and theology at the Irish College. In 1879 he was consecrated Bishop of Raphoe, was made Archbishop of Armagh in 1887, and was raised to the cardinalate in 1893. Though completely in sympathy with the nationalist aspirations of his Roman Catholic fellow-countrymen, Cardinal Logue maintained a correct and loyal attitude during the World War, and on June 19 1917, when numbers of the younger clergy were beginning to take part in the Sinn Fein agitation, he issued an “instruction” calling attention to the teaching of the Church as to the obedience due to legitimate authority, warning the clergy against belonging to “dangerous associations,” and reminding priests that it was strictly forbidden by the statutes of the National Synod to speak of political or kindred affairs in the church. In 1918, however, he placed himself at the head of the opposition to the extension of the Military Service Act to Ireland, priests being allowed to denounce “conscription” from the altar on the ground that the question was not political but moral. He reprobated the campaign of murder against the police and military begun in 1919, and in his Lenten pastoral of 1921 he vigorously denounced murder by whomsoever committed, though the force of this denunciation was weakened by an almost equally vigorous attack on the methods and policy of the Government. The cardinal was much respected by people of all classes and creeds. In earlier life he was a keen student of nature and an excellent yachtsman.


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Index talk:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu

Suggestions
Use sections:
 * 1) "s1" ##

Mainspace header/transclusion: Lines written in an Album, at Malta

Superscript
To the Right Honble. To the Right Honble.

Disambiguation pages
By Bryon, George Gordon:
 * To M. S. G. (When I dream that you love me, you'll surely forgive)
 * To M. S. G. (Whene'er I view those lips of thine)


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Talk:Who Killed Joe's Baby?

http://books.google.com/books?id=smICAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA352 is one source; I haven't compared the two, but it establishes the PD nature of the work.--Prosfilaes (talk) 14:18, 20 November 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Who Killed Joe's Baby?


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Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/586

546 There's more in one soft word of thine

Than in the world's defied rebuke.

Thou stood'st, as stands a lovely tree,

That still unbroke, though gently bent,

Still waves with fond fidelity

Its boughs above a monument.

The winds might rend—the skies might pour,

But there thou wert—and still wouldst be

Devoted in the stormiest hour

To shed thy weeping leaves o'er me.

But thou and thine shall know no blight,

Whatever fate on me may fall;

For Heaven in sunshine will requite

The kind—and thee the most of all.

Then let the ties of baffled love

Be broken—thine will never break;

Thy heart can feel—but will not move;

Thy soul, though soft, will never shake.

And these, when all was lost beside,

Were found and still are fixed in thee;—

And bearing still a breast so tried,

Earth is no desert—ev'n to me. [First published, Poems, 1816.]

END OF VOL. III.


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1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/London, Jack

LONDON, JACK (1876-1916), American novelist, was born at San Francisco Jan. 12 1876 and educated at the university of California. He was a born adventurer, going to sea at the age of 17 and serving before the mast as A.B. He went with the first rush to Klondike in 1897 and tramped across the States and Canada, being in gaol more than once as a vagabond. In 1904 he went to Japan as war correspondent and in 1914 to Mexico in the same capacity. In 1906 he started on a voyage round the world in a 50-ft. ketch-rigged yacht and disappeared for two years. His novels, for the most part published first in London, reflect his wild adventurous life, the best known being The Son of the Wolf (1900); The Call of the Wild (1903); Moon Face (1906); Martin Eden (1909); South Sea Tales (1912), and his last, The Little Lady of the Big House (1916). He died at Glen Ellen, Cal., Nov. 22 1916.


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 INTRODUCTORY VIEW

MORE RECENT AUSTRALIAN EXPLORATORY EXPEDITIONS AND THEIR RESULTS.

present work records one of several successful expeditions that have lately resolved for us the long standing problem of Central Australia. "Who shall cross this great 'Terra Australis' from sea to sea?" was a question so long before our eyes, and so long unanswered, that we did not expect so overwhelming a response as the last three years have given. And yet, within that brief interval, this previously unattainable result has been accomplished no less than six times over, if we regard Stuart's first two journeys as a virtual crossing of the country; a distinction we can hardly withhold from them, although neither of them quite crosses Australia, as was the case with the third. So much for a bold pioneering,


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 and the confidence that arises from some little experience of the way. So far these preliminaries may serve to show how imaginary are many difficulties, even those of a long standing, and how often the "will makes the way." Who, for instance, that read in times gone by of Commodore Anson's disastrous experience in rounding Cape Horn, would ever have anticipated a time like our own when "the Horn," with its awful region of eternal storm would be as familiar to every ordinary merchantman as the seas of Europe? And now it seems quite likely that in a few more years the once mysterious interior of Australia will be but a great public highway for the commerce and enterprise of the colonists.

We propose here to glance at the results of these later exploring expeditions. They throw much new light on the character of Inner Australia. Having, in this attempt, sketched out briefly the route and main incidents of each expedition across the country, we shall sum up the varied information given by the explorers, and thus endeavour to arrive at a conclusion as to what that vast interior, hitherto so little known, really consists of, and what to our practical colony-making people it is really worth. The question involves no less than a million of square miles of the earth's surface, and if we add to the account the northern coasts, which although not so


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 known are also still uncolonized, we must increase this area by at least one-half as much more. The latter territory comprises the tropical region, which, with its comparative regularity of climate and generally better soil, is no doubt to prove much the most productive and valuable of the two. The other, with its more precarious features, is, however, on the whole more tolerable to the European constitution. Truly we have for our subject a magnificent domain, well worthy of many such exploratory efforts, and of all endeavours to ascertain with increasing accuracy what are its physical and climatic features, and to what varied purposes it may be applied!

The honour of being the first to accomplish the journey across Australia from sea to sea is due to Burke and Wills, the leaders of an expedition fitted out in the year 1860 by the colony of Victoria. The reading public have just been occupied with their sad fate. The most fortunate of explorers in accomplishing their object, they were surely the most unlucky of men in the way in which the personal fruits of their victory were snatched from them; for, by a series of contre-temps, grievous and almost incredible, they lay down to die of fatigue, exposure, and starvation, when they had well-nigh returned home, and were almost within hail of the friends and supplies that would have ensured safety.


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 This unfortunate issue however, was fruitful in results to the cause of Australian discovery. After an interval sufficiently long to arouse alarm as to the fate of the explorers, the Victoria Government despatched its armed steamer "Victoria" to the Head of the Carpentarian Gulf with suitable supplies, and organized two further expeditions, in the hope that Burke and Wills might be assisted, or at least that their fate might be ascertained. One of these parties, under Walker, proceeded from Rockhampton in Queensland to the Head of the Gulf of Carpentaria; the other, under Landsborough, landed in the Gulf itself, and beginning from the north, made a successful and very important journey southwards across Australia. The South Australian Government came also to the rescue, and equipped McKinlay and his party, whose journey across Australia northwards, equally successful and not less important, is the subject now before us. Indefatigable in his own exertions, and successful in the order and discipline of his party, Mr. McKinlay seems to have been eminently suitable for the mission entrusted to him.

STUART'S EXPEDITIONS, 1858—1862. While McKinlay was proceeding north, in a direction suited to the special object of his expedition, the Government of South Australia had


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 JOHN McDOUALL STUART.


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 also despatched another exploring party, which, in an independent track of their own, proceeded in parallel steps somewhat to the west of McKinlay. This was the expedition under Stuart, and the third which that veteran explorer had led across Australia. Stuart took the path that he himself had discovered, and that, after so many crossings and recrossings, he may be said to have already beaten to his own use.

Stuart's expeditions mark an era in Australian discovery. All that activity of the last two or three years to which we have alluded, and which has made us now almost as familiar with central as with sea-coast Australia, is really due to him and to the success and importance of his earlier journeys. Commencing in the year 1858 by making a comparatively short expedition to the north-west of the colony, he made known, for the first time, that a very extensive country suitable for colonization existed in that direction, diversified with numerous lakes and running creeks, and comprising millions of acres of land available and ready for pastoral occupation. These unexpected results supplied a timely counterbalance to accounts of a very different tendency received from Gregory, who, in the very same year, had descended upon the colony from its opposite or north-east corner, in following the course of the Victoria or Barcoo into the Cooper. This considerable


text:
Sketch

 * A Sketch, a poem by Augusta Baldwyn
 * A Sketch, a poem by George Gordon Byron (Born in the garret, in the kitchen bred)
 * A Sketch, a poem by Elizabeth Margaret Chandler (Young Harwald's burning coal-black eye)
 * A Sketch, a poem by Eliza Cook
 * A Sketch, a poem by Dinah Maria Craik
 * A Sketch, a poem by Letitia Elizabeth Landon (They're passing now adown our vale)

title: Sketch


text:
Stanzas to Augusta

Poems by George Gordon Byron:
 * "Stanzas to Augusta" (When all around grew drear and dark)
 * "Stanzas to Augusta" (Though the day of my Destiny's over)

title: Stanzas to Augusta


text:
1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nevada

NEVADA (see ).—The pop. in 1920 was 77,407; in 1910, 81,875, a decrease of 4,468, or 5.5% as against an increase of 93.4% for the preceding decade. The native whites in 1920 numbered 55,897; foreign-born whites 14,802; Indians 4,907. The density of pop. in 1920 was 0.7 per sq. mile. The urban pop. (in places having more than 2,500 inhabitants) was 19.7%, the rural 80.3%. Reno, with a pop. of 12,016, an increase of 10.6% over the 1910 figures (10,367), was the only city having more than 5,000 inhabitants.

History.—The Progressive party maintained an organization in Nevada in 1912 which polled a vote second to that of the Democrats. The Democratic party continued in undivided power until the election of 1920 gave many important offices to Republican candidates. Emmet D. Boyle, Democrat, was elected governor in 1915 and re-elected in 1910.

Amendments to the constitution of Nevada were made in 1909, 1911, 1913, 1915, and 1919. The most important were those for the recall and female suffrage in 1911 and 1913. The state prohibition law was enacted, pursuant to a direct vote of the people cast Nov. 5 1918. The Legislature ratified the 16th Amendment (income tax) to the Constitution of the United States in 1911, the 17th (direct election of senators) in 1913, the 18th (prohibition) in 1919 and in the same year endorsed the proposed woman suffrage amendment. In a special session held Feb. 7 1920 it ratified the 19th Amendment (woman suffrage). Legislative sessions are limited to 60 days. Budget legislation was adopted in the session of 1919 and amended in 1921. The state is divided into 17 counties, two new ones having been created in 1911 and 1919. In 1921 a four-year term of office was provided for county officers. The same session provided for criminal execution by use of lethal gas.

In the World War Nevada furnished 5,535 men to the army, navy and marine corps, of whom 3,211 were inductions, 2,324 volunteers. Only one state, Montana, surpassed Nevada in the percentage of men contributed. Nevada gave 160.4% surplus of volunteers, one out of every 9 men of military age, one out of every 33 inhabitants. A surplus of 304.7% above the true proportion was given to the draft, and the selected men were turned over to the military authorities without expense to the Federal Government. The following figures show the amount subscribed in the five Liberty loans: First, $2,943,750; Second, $3,472,200; Third, $4,793,400; Fourth, $5,996,150; Fifth, $3,668,700; a total of $20,874,200, nearly five millions more than the state's quota. In 1919 the Legislature passed a land settlement Act providing a bond issue of $1,000,000 for soldier settlement work in coöperation with the Federal Government.

 * (J. E. W.*)

title: 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nevada


text: Author:Jeanne Elizabeth Wier

title: Author:Jeanne Elizabeth Wier


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Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/462

428 Oh! for the veteran hearts that were wasted

In strife with the storm, when their battles were won—

Then the Eagle, whose gaze in that moment was blasted

Had still soared with eyes fixed on Victory's sun!

3.

Farewell to thee, France!—but when Liberty rallies

Once more in thy regions, remember me then,—

The Violet still grows in the depth of thy valleys;

Though withered, thy tear will unfold it again—

Yet, yet, I may baffle the hosts that surround us,

And yet may thy heart leap awake to my voice—

There are links which must break in the chain that has bound us,

Then turn thee and call on the Chief of thy choice! July 25, 1815. London. [First published, Examiner, July 30, 1815.]

FROM THE FRENCH

I.

thou go, my glorious Chief,

Severed from thy faithful few?


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Rh Who can tell thy warrior's grief,

Maddening o'er that long adieu?

Woman's love, and Friendship's zeal,

Dear as both have been to me—

What are they to all I feel,

With a soldier's faith for thee?

II.

Idol of the soldier's soul!

First in fight, but mightiest now;

Many could a world control;

Thee alone no doom can bow.

By thy side for years I dared

Death; and envied those who fell,

When their dying shout was heard,

Blessing him they served so well.

III.

Would that I were cold with those,

Since this hour I live to see;

When the doubts of coward foes

Scarce dare trust a man with thee,

Dreading each should set thee free!

Oh! although in dungeons pent,


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430 All their chains were light to me,

Gazing on thy soul unbent.

IV.

Would the sycophants of him

Now so deaf to duty's prayer,

Were his borrowed glories dim,

In his native darkness share?

Were that world this hour his own,

All thou calmly dost resign,

Could he purchase with that throne

Hearts like those which still are thine?

V.

My Chief, my King, my Friend, adieu!

Never did I droop before;

Never to my Sovereign sue,

As his foes I now implore:

All I ask is to divide

Every peril he must brave;

Sharing by the hero's side

His fall—his exile—and his grave. [First published, Poems, 1816.]


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Rh ODE FROM THE FRENCH.

I.

do not curse thee, Waterloo!

Though Freedom's blood thy plain bedew;

There 'twas shed, but is not sunk—

Rising from each gory trunk,

Like the water-spout from ocean,

With a strong and growing motion—

It soars, and mingles in the air,

With that of lost La Bédoyère—

With that of him whose honoured grave

Contains the "bravest of the brave."

A crimson cloud it spreads and glows,

But shall return to whence it rose;

When 'tis full 'twill burst asunder—

Never yet was heard such thunder

As then shall shake the world with wonder—

Never yet was seen such lightning

As o'er heaven shall then be bright'ning!


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ohio

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ohio


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432 Like the Wormwood Star foretold

By the sainted Seer of old,

Show'ring down a fiery flood,

Turning rivers into blood.

II.

The Chief has fallen, but not by you,

Vanquishers of Waterloo!

When the soldier citizen

Swayed not o'er his fellow-men—

Save in deeds that led them on

Where Glory smiled on Freedom's son—

Who, of all the despots banded,

With that youthful chief competed?

Who could boast o'er France defeated,

Till lone Tyranny commanded?

Till, goaded by Ambition's sting,

The Hero sunk into the King?

Then he fell:—so perish all,

Who would men by man enthral!

III.

And thou, too, of the snow-white plume!

Whose realm refused thee ev'n a tomb;


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ohio Company


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Rh Better hadst thou still been leading

France o'er hosts of hirelings bleeding,

Than sold thyself to death and shame

For a meanly royal name;

Such as he of Naples wears,

Who thy blood-bought title bears.

Little didst thou deem, when dashing

On thy war-horse through the ranks,

Like a stream which burst its banks,

While helmets cleft, and sabres clashing,

Shone and shivered fast around thee—

Of the fate at last which found thee:

Was that haughty plume laid low

By a slave's dishonest blow?

Once—as the Moon sways o'er the tide,

It rolled in air, the warrior's guide;

Through the smoke-created night

Of the black and sulphurous fight,

The soldier raised his seeking eye

To catch that crest's ascendancy,—

And, as it onward rolling rose,

So moved his heart upon our foes.

There, where death's brief pang was quickest,

And the battle's wreck lay thickest,

Strewed beneath the advancing banner

Of the eagle's burning crest—

(There with thunder-clouds to fan her,

Who could then her wing arrest—

Victory beaming from her breast?)

While the broken line enlarging

Fell, or fled along the plain;


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434 There be sure was Murat charging!

There he ne'er shall charge again!

IV.

O'er glories gone the invaders march,

Weeps Triumph o'er each levelled arch—

But let Freedom rejoice,

With her heart in her voice;

But, her hand on her sword,

Doubly shall she be adored;

France hath twice too well been taught

The "moral lesson" dearly bought—

Her safety sits not on a throne,

With Capet or Napoleon!

But in equal rights and laws,

Hearts and hands in one great cause—

Freedom, such as God hath given

Unto all beneath his heaven,

With their breath, and from their birth,

Though guilt would sweep it from the earth;

With a fierce and lavish hand

Scattering nations' wealth like sand;

Pouring nations' blood like water,

In imperial seas of slaughter!

V.

But the heart and the mind,

And the voice of mankind,

Shall arise in communion—

And who shall resist that proud union?

The time is past when swords subdued—

Man may die—the soul's renewed:


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/Napoleon's Farewell


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ohio River

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ohio River


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/From the French


text:
From the French

Poems by George Gordon Byron:
 * From the French (Must thou go, my glorious Chief)
 * From the French (Ægle, beauty and poet, has two little crimes)

title: From the French


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/Ode from the French


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 02.djvu/357

 of Constantinople to the emperor. The rivalry of the see of Alexandria with Constantinople was also displayed in the contest, Theophilus, patriarch of Alexandria, assisting the court in bringing about the fall of Chrysostom. Throughout the reign of Arcadius there was estrangement and jealousy between the two brothers or their governments. The principal ground of this hostility was probably dissatisfaction on both sides with the territorial partition. The line had been drawn east of Dalmatia. The ministers of Arcadius desired to annex Dalmatia to his portion, while the general Stilicho, who was supreme in the west, wished to wrest from the eastern realm the prefecture of Illyricum or a considerable part of it. His designs were unsuccessful, and during the reign of Theodosius II., son of Arcadius (who died in 408), Dalmatia was transferred to the dominion of the eastern ruler.

ARCADIUS, of Antioch, Greek grammarian, flourished in the 2nd century According to Suidas, he wrote treatises on orthography and syntax, and an onomaticon (vocabulary), described as a wonderful production. An epitome of the great work of Herodian on general prosody in twenty books, wrongly attributed to Arcadius, is probably the work of Theodosius of Alexandria or a grammarian named Aristodemus. This epitome ( ) only includes nineteen books of the original work; the twentieth is the work of a forger of the 16th century. Although meagre and carelessly put together, it is valuable, since it preserves the order of the original and thus affords a trustworthy foundation for its reconstruction.

ARCELLA (C. G. Ehrenberg), a genus of lobose Rhizopoda, characterized by a chitinous plano-convex shell, the circular aperture central on the flat ventral face, and more than one nucleus and contractile vacuole. It can develop vacuoles, or rather fine bubbles of carbonic acid gas in its cytoplasm, to float up to the surface of the water. ARCESILAUS (316–241 ), a Greek philosopher and founder of the New, or Middle, Academy (see ). Born at Pitane in Aeolis, he was trained by Autolycus, the mathematician, and later at Athens by Theophrastus and Crantor, by whom he was led to join the Academy. He subsequently became intimate with Polemon and Crates, whom he succeeded as head of the school. Diogenes Laërtius says that he died of excessive drinking, but the testimony of others (e.g. Cleanthes) and his own precepts discredit the story, and he is known to have been much respected by the Athenians. His doctrines, which must be gathered from the writings of others (Cicero, Acad. i. 12, iv. 24; De Orat. iii. 18; Diogenes Laërtius iv. 28; Sextus Empiricus, Adv. Math. vii. 150, Pyrrh. Hyp. i. 233), represent an attack on the Stoic  (Criterion) and are based on the sceptical element (see ) which was latent in the later writings of Plato. He held that strength of intellectual conviction cannot be regarded as valid, inasmuch as it is characteristic equally of contradictory convictions. The uncertainty of sensible data applies equally to the conclusions of reason, and therefore man must be content with probability which is sufficient as a practical guide. “We know nothing, not even our ignorance”; therefore the wise man will be content with an agnostic attitude. He made use of the Socratic method of instruction and left no writings. His arguments were marked by incisive humour and fertility of ideas.

ARCH, JOSEPH (1826–  ), English politician, founder of the National Agricultural Labourers’ Union, was born at Barford, a village in Warwickshire, on the 10th of November 1826. His parents belonged to the labouring class. He inherited a strong sentiment of independence from his mother; and his objections to the social homage expected by those whom the catechism boldly styled his “betters” made him an “agitator.” Having educated himself by unremitting exertions, and acquired fluency of speech as a Methodist local preacher, he founded in 1872 the National Agricultural Labourers’ Union, of which he was president. A rise then came in the wages of agricultural labourers, but this had the unforeseen effect of destroying the union; for the labourers, deeming their object gained, ceased to “agitate.” Mr Arch nevertheless retained sufficient popularity to be returned to parliament for north-west Norfolk in 1885; and although defeated next year owing to his advocacy of Irish Home Rule, he regained his seat in 1892, and held it in 1895, retiring in 1900. He was deservedly respected in the House of Commons; seldom has an agitator been so little of a demagogue.

ARCH, in building, a constructional arrangement of blocks of any hard material, so disposed on the lines of some curve that they give mutual support one to the other.

The blocks, which are technically known as voussoirs, should be of a wedge shape, the centre or top block (see fig. 1, A) being the keystone A; the lower blocks B B which rest on the supporting pier are the springers, the upper surface of which is called the skewback, C C; the side blocks, as D, are termed the haunches. The lower surface or soffit of the arch is the intrados, E, and the upper surface the extrados, F. The rise of the arch is the distance from the springing to the soffit, G, the width between the springers is called the span, H, and the radius I. The triangular spaces between the arches are termed spandrils, K.

The arch is employed for two purposes:—(1) to span an opening in a wall and support the superstructure; (2) when continuous to form a vault known as a barrel or waggon vault.

The arch has been used from time immemorial by every nation, but owing to the tendency of the upper portion to sink, especially when bearing any superincumbent weight, it requires strong lateral support, and it is for this reason that in the earliest examples in unburnt brick at Nippur in Chaldaea, c. 4000, and at Rakākna (Requaqna) and Dendera in Egypt, 3500–3000 , it was employed only below the level of the ground which served as an abutment on either side.

In the building of an arch, the voussoirs have to be temporarily

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Rh Variants


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Arcadius

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Arcadius


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/94

62 TRANSLATION OF A ROMAIC LOVE SONG.


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wayne, Anthony


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Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/95

Rh


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Arcadius (grammarian)


text:
The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/To Time

Variants


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Page:Democratic Ideals and Reality (1919).djvu/35

Rh Bismarck foresaw a time when Prussia might need the alliance of Austria. In 1871, after Sedan and the Siege of Paris, Bismarck yielded to the pressure of the military party, and took Lorraine as well as Alsace.

The great Chancellor had, in truth, what the Prussian, as a rule, lacks, an insight into the minds of other nations than his own. His methods were psychological by preference. Once he had achieved German unity under Prussia, he waged no more wars. Yet he accomplished great things—for a time he ruled Europe—and his method was no mere exploitation of military prestige. At the Berlin Congress of 1878 he secured the occupation of the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina for Austria, and thereby deepened the rivalry of Austria and Russia in the Balkan Peninsula. At the same Berlin Congress he privately incited France to occupy Tunis, and when France presently effected that occupation, Italy, as he foresaw, was sharply wounded. The Dual Alliance with Austria followed in 1879, and the Triple Alliance with Austria and Italy in 1881. It was as though he had sent his sheep-dog round his flock to drive his sheep to him. By subtleties of the same order he antagonised France and Britain, and also Britain and Russia. So, too, did he


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/Translation of a Romaic Love Song


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24 deal in his domestic policy. In 1886 he ceased from struggling with the Vatican, and brought over the Catholic party to his support, thereby neutralising the socialist tendency in the industrial but Catholic Province of the Rhineland, and the particularist tendency in the Catholic kingdom of Bavaria in the south.

The true parallel is to be drawn not between Napoleon and Bismarck, but between Napoleon and the entire Prussian ruling caste. The end of that caste, which we are now witnessing, is like the end of Napoleon; the blindly organising man goes to his Moscow, and the blindly organising State to its Armageddon. Kultur is the name given to that philosophy and education which imbued a whole race with the 'ways and means' mind. The French are an artistic, and therefore an idealistic people; Napoleon prostituted their idealism with the glory of his genius. Bismarck, on the other hand, was the child of materialistic Kultur, but, greater than the average of his race, he could reckon also with spiritual forces.

Kultur had its origin not in the victories of Frederick the Great, but in the defeat of Jena. The rule of Frederick in the eighteenth century was a personal rule like that of


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Arcesilaus

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Arcesilaus


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Arch, Joseph


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Rh Napoleon, whereas the Prussia of the nineteenth century, behind whatever other pretence, was governed by an oligarchy of intellectual 'Experts'—staff officers, bureaucrats, professors. Frederick, sole organiser, raised only administrators, with the result that when he died he left Prussia a mere mechanism, to be broken on the field of Jena.

In the very winter of Jena the philosopher Fichte came to lecture in Berlin, while it was still in the occupation of the French. There was no University in the Prussian capital of those days, and the lectures were delivered not to young students, but to the maturest brains of the country in the fever of a great crisis. Fichte taught the philosophy of Patriotism at a time when the German Universities were devoted to the abstract worship of knowledge and art. In the next few years, between 1806 and 1813, was established that close connection between the army, the bureaucracy, and the schools, or, in other words, between the needs of government and the aims of education, which constituted the essence and perverse strength of the Prussian system. Universal military service was


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26 with universal compulsory schooling, inaugurated in Prussia two generations before the English Education Act of 1870; the University of Berlin, with a brilliant professoriate, was established as sister to the Great General Staff. Thus knowledge in Prussia was no longer pursued mainly for its own sake, but as a means to an end, and that end was the success of a State which had experienced bitter disaster. It was a Camp-State, moreover, in the midst of a plain, without the natural bulwarks of a Spain, a France, or a Britain. The end determines the means, and since the Prussian end was military strength, based of necessity on stark discipline, the means were inevitably materialistic. Judged from the standpoint of Berlin, it was a wonderful thing to have impressed Kultur, or Strategical mentality, on the educated class of a whole people, but from the standpoint of civilisation at large it was a fatal momentum to have given to a nation—fatal, that is to say, in the long run, either to civilisation or that nation.

We have had for a byword in these times the German war map. It may be questioned, however, whether most people in Britain and America have fully realised the part played by the map in German education during the


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/The Origin of European Culture


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/Liquid Air


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/The Physical Geography of the West Indies: Birds II


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/Insane Characters in Fiction and the Drama


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/Colonial Expansion and Foreign Trade


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/The Interpretation of Nature


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/From Serfdom to Freedom


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/The Bering Sea Controversy Once More


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/Causes and Prevention of Insanity


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/Sketch of William Pengelly


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/Editor's Table


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/Scientific Literature


text:
Author:James Granger

Works

 * Biographical History of England, from Egbert the Great to the Revolution, consisting of Characters dispersed in different Classes, and adapted to a Methodical Catalogue of Engraved British Heads. Intended as an Essay towards reducing our Biography to System, and a help to the knowledge of Portraits; with a variety of Anecdotes and Memoirs of a great number of persons not to be found in any other Biographical Work. With a preface, showing the utility of a collection of Engraved Portraits to supply the defect, and answer the various purposes of Medals, 1769
 * Letters between the Rev. James Granger, M.A. [sic], and many of the most eminent Literary Men of his time: composing a copious history and illustration of the Biographical History of England. With Miscellanies and Notes of Tours in France, Holland, and Spain, by the same Gentleman, 1805

title: Author:James Granger


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/General Notices


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/Publications Received


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/Fragments of Science


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/Minor Paragraphs


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/May 1899/Notes


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/New Method of Estimating the Age of Niagara Falls


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Abuse of Public Charity


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Alaska and the Klondike: San Francisco of the North II


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/The Negro Question


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/The Philippine Islands and American Capital


text:
Author:Charles Grant Robertson

Works

 * The making of the English nation (B.C. 55-1135) 1896
 * All Souls college 1899
 * Select Statutes Cases and Documents to Illustrate English Constitutional History, 1660 - 1832 1904
 * England under the Hanoverians 1911
 * Evolution of Prussia 1917 with Sir J.A.R. Marriott
 * Bismarck 1918
 * An historical atlas of modern Europe from 1789 to 1922 with an historical and explanatory text 1924
 * Religion and The Totalitarian State. The Social Service Lecture 1937
 * Centenary Of Charter Of Incorporation. A Short History Of Birmingham From Its Origin To The Present Day 1938 with Conrad
 * The British Universities 1944
 * Chatham and the British Empire 1946
 * *Bolingbroke 1947

title: Author:Charles Grant Robertson


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/The Physical Geography of the West Indies: Reptiles and Fishes III


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/A Study of Luigi Luccheni (Assassin of the Empress of Austria)


text:
NASA Facts/Making the Skies Safe from Windshear 1992

Langley-developed sensors will help improve air safety
NASA's Langley Research Center is part of a joint NASA and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) effort to develop technology for the airborne detection of windshear, a hazardous weather condition that has been blamed for the loss of hundreds of lives in airplane crashes.

Reducing danger: studies now in flight-test stage
Windshear studies at Langley started in 1986 with analysis, moved to simulation and now are in the flight-test stage. This effort was prompted by fatal accidents in New York in 1975, New Orleans in 1982 and Dallas-Fort Worth in 1985. About 500 fatalities and 200 injuries have resulted from windshear crashes involving at least 26 civil aircraft between 1964 and 1985. Since 1985, windshear also has caused numerous near accidents in which aircraft recovered just before ground contact.

Windshear and how it affects an airplane
Windshear is a generic term referring to any rapidly changing wind currents. A type of weather phenomenon called "microbursts" can produce extremely strong windshear, posing great danger to aircraft. These are local, short-lived downdrafts that radiate outward as they rush toward the ground. As a downdraft spreads down and outward from a cloud, it creates an increasing headwind over the wings of an oncoming aircraft. This headwind causes a sudden leap in airspeed, and the plane lifts. If the pilots are unaware that this speed increase is caused by windshear, they are likely to react by reducing engine power. However, as the plane passes through the shear, the wind quickly becomes a downdraft and then a tailwind. This reduces the speed of air over the wings, and the extra lift and speed vanish. Because the plane is now flying on reduced power, it is vulnerable to sudden loss of airspeed and altitude. The pilots may be able to escape the microburst by adding power to the engines. But if the shear is strong enough, they may be forced to crash.

Greatest danger: Takeoff and landing
Windshear poses the greatest danger to aircraft during takeoff and landing, when the plane is close to the ground and has little time or room to maneuver. During landing, the pilot has already reduced engine power and may not have time to increase speed enough to escape the downdraft. During takeoff, an aircraft is near stall speed and thus is very vulnerable to windshear.

"Wet" and "dry" windshear
Microburst windshear often occurs during thunderstorms. But it can also arise in the absence of rain near the ground. Some of the sensor systems that Langley is flight testing work better in rain, while others perform more successfully during dry conditions.

Three airborne predictive windshear sensor systems
Pilots need 10 to 40 seconds of warning to avoid windshear. Fewer than 10 seconds is not enough time to react, while more than 40 seconds is too long, atmospheric conditions can change in that time. Three systems are being flight-tested to give advance warning of windshear:
 * 1) Microwave radar: Sends a microwave radar signal ahead of the aircraft to seek raindrops and other moisture particles. The returning signal represents the motion of those raindrops and moisture particles, and this is translated into wind speed. Microwave radar works better than other systems in rain but less well in dry conditions. Because it points toward the ground as the plane lands, it picks up interfering ground returns, or "clutter." However, researchers are progressing in efforts to eliminate this interference. The radar transmitter is made by Rockwell International's Collins Air Transport division in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. NASA's Langley Research Center has developed the research signal-processing algorithms and hardware for the windshear application.
 * 2) Doppler LIDAR: A laser system called Doppler LIDAR (light detecting and ranging) reflects energy from "aerosols" (minute particles) instead of raindrops. This system can avoid picking up ground clutter (moving cars, etc.) and thus has fewer interfering signals. However, it does not work as well in heavy rain. The system is made by Lockheed Corp.'s Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, Calif.; United Technologies Optical Systems Inc., West Palm Beach, Fla.; and Lassen Research, Chico, Calif.
 * 3) Infrared: Uses an infrared detector to measure temperature changes ahead of the airplane. The system monitors the thermal signatures of carbon dioxide to look for cool columns of air, which can be a characteristic of microbursts. This system is less costly and not as complex as others, but does not directly measure wind speeds. This system is made by Turbulence Prediction Systems in Denver, Colo.

Windshear-alert systems using ground-based radar
A Low-Level Wind-Shear Alert System has been installed on the ground at more than 100 U.S. airports. Wind speed and directional sensors report to a central computer, and controllers can alert pilots in the event windshear is detected. But the systems cannot predict when windshears are approaching. However, a ground-based radar (Terminal Doppler Weather Radar) system has been tested at Orlando, Fla., and Denver Stapleton airports and is scheduled to be stationed at more than 40 other airports by mid-1994. Even with such systems installed, however, airborne detection will still be needed because windshear is a global phenomenon"and most airports will not have predictive, ground-based systems installed.

FAA mandate: Airlines must install windshear sensors
In 1988 the FAA directed that all commercial aircraft must have onboard windshear detection systems by the end of 1993. Three"American, Northwest and Continental"received exemptions until the end of 1995 in order to install and test predictive windshear sensors rather than "reactive" systems that do not report the condition until an airplane already has encountered it.

NASA and the FAA: Working together for a solution
Langley's flight tests are the most recent step in a government/industry effort to produce a database on microbursts and detection systems. The effort began in 1986, when NASA and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) agreed to work together to develop methods of detecting and avoiding hazardous windshear. The NASA/FAA joint effort is a response to congressional directives and National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) recommendations following documentation of numerous windshear accidents. The FAA created a flight safety program and supported NASA development of windshear detection technologies. The data gathered from analyses, simulations, laboratory tests and flight tests will help the FAA certify predictive windshear detection systems for installation on all commercial aircraft.

NASA Official Responsible for Content: Cheryl W. Cleghorn

Page Curator: Robert D. Allen

Site Last Updated: February 2004


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Tendencies in French Literature


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/The Botany of Shakespeare


text:
Author:John Arthur Ransome Marriott

Books

 * Makers of Modern Italy (1889)
 * George Canning and his times; a political study (1907)
 * The life and times of Lucius Cary, viscount Falkland (1907)
 * The remaking of modern Europe from the outbreak of the French revolution to the treaty of Berlin, 1789-1878 (1910)
 * Second chambers; an inductive study in political science (1910)
 * English political institutions; an introductory study, 1910
 * The French Revolution of 1848 in its economic aspect, 1913 vol 1,
 * England since Waterloo (1913)
 * The English land system: a sketch of its historical evolution in its bearing upon national wealth and national welfare (1914)
 * The Eastern Question: A Study in European Diplomacy (1917)
 * The evolution of Prussia (1917) with Grant Robertson
 * English history in Shakespeare (1918)
 * The European commonwealth; problems historical and diplomatic (1918)
 * Europe and beyond (1921)
 * Economics and ethics : a treatise on wealth and life (1923)
 * The English in India: A Problem of Politics (1932)
 * Castlereagh (1936)
 * The Tragedy of Europe (1941)

Articles

 * "The Hellenic Factor in the Problem of the Near East" in The Edinburgh Review, Vol. 223, No. 455 (January, 1916) pp. 21-40

title: Author:John Arthur Ransome Marriott


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/American Industrial Expositions - their Purposes and Benefits


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Bookworms in Fact and Fancy


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Hydrophobia in Baja California


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them, as they thus swooped downward, the air service boys could see the earth lying in semi-darkness. It was even possible to make out the darker shadows which indicated patches of trees, and a white road stood out like a straight line drawn across a shaded map.

Looking closer, Jack quickly discovered the castle.

It stood among some trees, and was unquestionably well fitted to serve the German High Commander as headquarters until such time as the Americans drawing near forced him to move back to Sedan, and then cross over into Belgium near its junction with Luxumburg [sic].

The bombers now altered their formation. Instead of moving forward in a compact mass they formed two parallel lines but a short distance apart, five machines to each column.

Jack looked across to the companion plane and distinguished both pilot and observer crouching


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140 at their posts, eager to get into action. It seemed as though he could easily toss a coin over and make it land in the other machine, so close did they range along, with buzzing motors cut down to slower speed so as not to interfere too much with the dropping of the bombs.

Each plane was to let just one missile go, and no more. If the castle had one stone left on another after the rain of aerial torpedoes had come to an end, it would be vastly surprising.

True, it was a French chateau, and it seemed too bad to have to expend any of their precious bombs in bringing about its downfall. But of course they knew full well it was the policy of the Huns never to leave anything intact that could be of the slightest assistance or comfort to the enemy. Hence the annihilation of the chateau was already ordained when Ludendorff should be through using it.

Jack primed himself for his work, though it must be Tom who would give the word when the exact second arrived for the bomb to be released. One pressure on the trigger, and down through the slanting tube would speed the messenger of destruction, bent on its fateful errand.

They were one of the last pair in line, consequently they might expect to hear some sign of the dreadful work before their time came to join in.


text:
Author:Leif Størmer

Works

 * Merostomata from the Downtonian Sandstone of Ringerike, Norway. (1934)
 * Merostomata. (1955)
 * The Trail of a Large Silurian Eurypterid: Fossils and Strata. (1975, with N. M. Hanken)
 * Arthropods from the Lower Devonian (Lower Emsian) of Alken an der Mosel, Germany. (1976)

title: Author:Leif Størmer


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Rh Guns were beginning to sound, and the raiders could see spiteful flashes here and there. Evidently, if Ludendorff did have his headquarters here, he had been judicious enough to mount a number of anti-aircraft guns to combat the raiding planes should they appear at any time.

But the firing was only haphazard work, because the searchlight that began now to play upon the airplanes could reveal only one bomber at a time. Thus the shrapnel burst much above their level, so deceptive was the glare.

Then came a sudden, terrific crash, sounding almost as if the battery of Heaven's heaviest artillery had broken loose in one frightful thunderclap. At the same time a blinding flash from below showed Jack flying timbers and scattering stones.

The first shot from the bombers had been well sent and accomplished all that was expected of it. Hardly had the dancing echoes bounded from a neighboring elevation than there came a second explosion, if anything loader than the preceding one.

So the bombs exploded in pairs, just as they were let go by the units in the double column of advancing raiders. Two, four, six had gone, and if all struck as true to the mark as that initial one, there must be little left of the doomed castle by now.


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142 Jack was in a fever of suspense. He feared that the signal to cease firing might be given before he could drop his bomb, the commander of the bombing fleet having decided enough damage had already been inflicted, and that it would be only a waste of good material to rain down any more bombs.

But seven and then eight were falling, as though it had been settled to make a clean sweep while about it.

Their turn next!

Jack gritted his teeth and awaited Tom's cry, when he would be the last to burst into the rousing chorus of thunderous reports. The signal came, and Jack pressed the trigger, releasing the hanging bomb, and starting it on its downward journey.

If Tom's judgment was good it would at least strike somewhere in the midst of the débris and add more or less to the wreckage. As to whether the Boche commander-in-chief had been caught napping and buried in the ruins, was a matter about which they could only speculate.

Tom himself doubted whether such a happy solution of the affair could be attained, because he had known of various attempts being made in times gone by to "get" the Kaiser himself when visiting the western front, but always without success.


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Rh They heard a frightful crash, much louder than any of those preceding it. The big plane rocked and swayed as though in a gale, and Tom needed all his skill to keep from being thrown off his balance.

It was no mystery to Jack. He realized that by a strange coincidence his falling bomb and that of the other rear plane had exploded simultaneously, making the ground vibrate, and completely destroying anything that had been left of the French chateau.

Their work in this quarter having been thoroughly accomplished the raiders now climbed higher, to rejoin the battleplane squadron hovering above, waiting to act once more as their armed escort.

Looking down in farewell, Jack could see fires burning. The shattered timbers of the wrecked chateau had been set ablaze. He would always remember that strange event whenever again watching fires from a lofty height in the night-time.

The squadron was off again, the second thrilling event connected with the bombing raid having come off as scheduled without any mishap to the Yankee air fleet.

Jack had kept quiet up to now, but it had cost him a severe effort. Talking when a plane is bombing on its way can never be anything of a


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144 pleasure unless it is equipped with an up-to-date wireless telephone for the use of pilot and observer.

Jack himself had contrived some amateur device of this sort which he rigged up as soon as he seated himself back of Tom, although up to then he had failed to make use of it.

The roar of many propellers and the steady hum of a score of engines combined to make a deafening noise. Nevertheless, when Tom felt a tug at his sleeve, such as had been agreed upon with his chum, he took hold of his little receiver and was delighted to hear Jack's voice as plainly as though there had been no interference.

Plainly then Jack's idea was bearing fruit, and properly cultivated there might be something worth while in the scheme.

"Tom, do you get me?" demanded the agitated inventor, the first thing.

"Yes, and plainly, too," came the reply that greatly pleased Jack; for up to then they had found no occasion to test the wireless telephone under severe conditions.

If it "made good" with all that noise about them. Jack felt that he ought to call it a success.

"That's right!" he told Tom, exultantly. "I never missed a syllable that time. Oh, boy! it seems as if it's O K, doesn't it?"

"Splendid thing for talking when you're


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/The Sense of Color


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Rh along; and without cracking your voice, either," Tom told him.

"Did my bomb explode exactly at the same second as the other one?" next asked Jack, more to continue the conversation and thrill with his triumph than for information, because he had already made up his mind on that score.

"Just what it did, Jack. But let up on this now. I've got to keep my whole attention pinned to my work."

That often different minds run in the same channel is proved every day; and in Jack's case it really turned out that while he was testing his crude invention another much more eminent person in far-away America had just succeeded in accomplishing the idea he had in mind, and was almost ready to offer it to the Washington Signal Corps authorities.

After rejoining the squadron of battleplanes the old formation had been resumed. A cordon of fighters moved on either side, one to each bombing unit in the fleet. Just as transports were convoyed across the dread submarine danger-zone of the Atlantic by destroyers and cruisers, so these working planes were protected by those better equipped for holding off intending offenders, and striking with all the strength of Uncle Sam's good right arm.

It would not be for long, Tom believed.


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146 Straight as the honey bee heads toward the hive when laden with sweets extracted from blossom and flower, they were now aiming for their main objective, the last powerful stronghold of the Hun in that sector, perhaps in all the extended battle front.

Doubtless they would meet with a stubborn resistance. The enemy must, in the nature of things have been forewarned, and would do everything in his power to ward off the impending blow.

There was likely to be a determined battle in the air, with the Germans closing in to make desperate resistance. There was also bound to be a heavy fire from below. Airplanes, perhaps even Zeppelins of the latest and most powerful description, would attack the raiders, and seek to smash their formation into a chaos that must mean disgraceful flight and heavy losses.

But every American heart beat strong with confidence as the fliers winged their way through space, heading for the Hun stronghold that was intended to be a supreme menace to the onrushing tide of Uncle Sam's boys in khaki.


text: Air Service Boys Flying for Victory/Chapter 16


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Sketch of Thomas Egleston


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Editor's Table


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Scientific Literature


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Tom and Jack could look back to previous experiences in bombing the enemy. They had taken part in excursions that occupied a part of a moonlight night; trips that sometimes had carried them across the border, and to Metz; once they had gone even as far as the Rhine up in the region of Coblenz, where later on Pershing's army was fated to be posted as a guard over the beaten Huns.

But on those occasions their work had been of a different character from that now given to them. They had seen munition plants go up in masses of flames after their bombs struck; watched important bridges being shattered under the same gigantic force; felt a thrill of triumph when a lucky shot exploded some huge munition dump, on which the enemy depended for his reserve store; exhausted their stock of bombs in demolishing an important railway junction, so as to paralyze the transportation of reinforcing bodies of German troops.


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/General Notices


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Publications Received


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Fragments of Science


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Minor Paragraphs


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164

next day it rained in torrents. Morten drove into the town immediately after breakfast. Madeleine lay in bed with a fever. Rachel went in to see her, but she found her in such a curious state that she wished to send for the doctor. Miss Cordsen, however, was of opinion that it would be better to let her have perfect rest, and that with time she would soon come round. Rachel would all the same have sent for the doctor, if she had not forgotten it almost before she got downstairs; she was so taken up with her own thoughts. Would another day pass without his coming?

A carriage drove up to the door. Mrs. Garman, who had just finished a little private breakfast in her own room, put down her paper and said, "Is it possible? Can it be visitors in this weather?"

Rachel felt that she was blushing. She had recognized his voice in the hall, and to conceal her emotion, she sat down at the piano and aimlessly struck a few chords.

title: Page:Garman and Worse.djvu/166


text:
Author:Nils-Martin Hanken

Works

 * The Trail of a Large Silurian Eurypterid: Fossils and Strata. (1975, with Leif Størmer)

title: Author:Nils-Martin Hanken


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148 All those things they were familiar with, but from the great secrecy that had been maintained in connection with this enterprise they could understand that it far exceeded them all in importance.

Their speed was such that they would be likely to reach their goal shortly, when all the suspense must be over. Jack wished that time had come. He was already trying to figure out just how Tom would plan so as to seem to become lost on the homeward flight, and thus be left to his own resources for a time.

From this reverie he was aroused by seeing the signal flash from the pivot of the spearhead. It gave him an electrical sensation, though that was only to be expected.

Tom, too, knew the crisis was near at hand. He stared ahead, and believed he could even make out spectral objects moving this way and that, like monstrous, though dimly seen, dragonflies, such as all country boys have watched many a time while on a warm summer day, lying at rest on the bank of the "swimming hole."

From this it was evident that news of their probable coming had been sent on ahead, warning the defenders of the German fortress.

Still was the night as yet, but it would not be for long with those opposing air forces ready for a death grapple. While the ten battleplanes, each


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/June 1899/Notes


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Rh The door opened and in came Dean Sparre, followed by Mr. Johnsen. Rachel turned round on the music-stool, bringing her hand down with a crash on some of the bass notes of the piano. Her eye never wandered from Johnsen, as if she expected every moment that he would begin to speak, and give some explanation as to why he came in such company.

Dean Sparre gave a cordial greeting to the ladies, at the same time mildly reproaching Rachel for not having paid them a visit at the deanery. He had a great many messages for her from his "little girls."

Mrs. Garman became reconciled as soon as she saw who were the visitors. There was nothing she enjoyed more than a gossip with clergymen.

The conversation first turned upon the disagreeable weather, but Rachel's eyes never once moved from the inspector. He did not look in her direction; his face was pale, and his lips closely pressed together.

"We particularly wished, my young friend and I," at last began the dean, "to pay this visit at your house together. There are many things that can be explained, and many misunderstandings which can be avoided, if one only has an opportunity of talking a matter thoroughly over."

The dean paused and looked at Mr. Johnsen, who made a momentary effort to speak, in which he signally failed.

"It would be most unfortunate," continued the dean, "if a few ill-considered remarks should leave an impression on our congregation that there was any want of agreement, or rather, I should say, difference

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166 of opinion, among those who have to work together in the service of the Church."

Rachel had left her seat, and was now standing before Mr. Johnsen. "Is that your opinion?"

"My dear Rachel!" interrupted Mrs. Garman. Rachel's eccentricities really exceeded all bounds.

"Is that your opinion?" repeated Rachel, with the severity of a judge condemning a criminal.

Johnsen raised his head nervously and looked at her. "Allow me to explain, Miss Garman," he began. But he could not withstand the penetrating glance of those clear blue eyes, and hung down his head, and stopped in the middle of his sentence. Rachel turned round, and without saying another word left the room.

"I must really, gentlemen," said Mrs. Garman, "beg you to excuse my daughter. Rachel's conduct is sometimes so very extraordinary; in fact, I don't understand it at all."

"The behaviour of youth, my dear Mrs. Garman," said the dean, blandly, "is undoubtedly somewhat strange in these days; but we ought to consider how times have changed." And the pressure of his soft persuasive hand was so soothing, that when they were gone, Mrs. Garman felt almost as much edified as if she had been listening to a sermon.

That the dean, in the course of three or four days, had been able to bring about this entire change in the inspector, was for Martens a new source of wonder and admiration; and every one could not but feel greatly relieved when they saw the two going about and paying their visits together.

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Rh piloted by a Yankee ace with a splendid record, engaged the flotilla of enemy aircraft, the bombers must be at their more humble but equally important business.

All had been arranged so that there might be the least possible friction, and no confusion. Each pilot and observer knew exactly what he was to do, and every possible situation had been taken into consideration.

Then came the initial firing.

It seemed that one ambitious Boche airman, unable to wait until the oncoming Americans reached the formation arranged to resist the onslaught, had flown ahead and was now exhausting his puny reservoir of missiles against the solid phalanx.

The clatter became a roar as several of the raiders turned their guns on the incautious Hun. Immediately his voice was stilled, and the flittering light dropping earthward, after the manner of a falling rocket-stick, told what had happened to him.

Before he landed his machine had burst into flames, as the escaping petrol caught fire. Jack considered that a good omen for their side.

"Fritz seems to be getting a rough deal on this particular night," he told himself. "Already three of his planes have been destroyed, and several others have gone down out of control, with


text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/July 1899/Scientific Method and its Application to the Bible


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Rh The whole of that memorable Sunday Johnsen had spent in pacing up and down his room, repeating to himself different parts of his sermon. Some of his thoughts he had managed to express clearly enough, while others might have been a little more incisive; but on the whole he was satisfied. He was not satisfied in the sense that he thought he had accomplished a great work, but he was so far satisfied that he now felt that he had room to breathe. Wind in one's sails, even if it is a storm, is preferable to a dead calm. What emotions he must have stirred in many a careless soul! How many of his hearers might not now be struggling with the mighty thoughts which he had thrown amongst them? In the mean time he looked out upon the street, and he felt almost inclined to wonder that the town showed its usual Sunday calm. In the afternoon he expected the dean; he felt certain he would come, and he had a speech ready with which to receive him. Give way he would not, rather resign his position; and besides, he knew of one who had promised him her friendship, if all others should turn their backs on him. And now as the day went on, and the shadows of evening began to fall, and no dean appeared, she came more and more into the foreground of his thoughts. He imagined her by his side, battling with him against the whole world, and full of hope and courage he laid down to rest.

When he awoke the next morning, he heard the wind whistling, and the rain pattering on the window panes. Empty drays were driving at a trot down the street under his windows, and the busy Monday was

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168 again alive, on that dingy autumn morning. He had to be in the school before eight o'clock, and begin the work of the day with a prayer and a hymn. Yesterday his ordinary duties had scarcely entered his thoughts; but when the faint odour of the children's clothes as they came wet to school, their inharmonious singing, and that flagging indifference with which the school week opens after Saturday and Sunday's holiday, rose in his imagination, his everyday work appeared more than he could bear.

What was it to him? While he was sitting at his breakfast, and was just thinking of sending the maid down to the school to say he was unwell, a knock was heard at the door, and Dean Sparre entered the room. Johnsen at once endeavoured to recollect what he had yesterday arranged to say to the dean; but at that early hour, and in the presence of that perplexing smile, he might just as well have tried to sing "Lohengrin" without notes as to bring to his recollection his ideas of the day before.

The dean went straight to the point without any parley, but quite from a different point of view to which Johnsen had expected. He was of opinion, in fact, without making any further assumption, that Johnsen was in love with, and even perhaps engaged to, Rachel Garman, and that in his sermon of yesterday he had been expressing her ideas, which, although they were certainly original, were still somewhat distorted. At the same time, he was quite ready to allow that Miss Garman was no doubt a lady of first rate ability.

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Rh All the efforts that Johnsen made to get the dean out of this line of thought were entirely thrown away; neither could he make it clear to him that his assumption of the possibility of his being engaged to Rachel was incorrect.

The dean listened with much patience and with perfect good nature to what he had to say, and took up the argument where he had left it. At last he said, calmly and plainly, "Are you not in love with this woman?"

Johnsen's first idea was to answer no; but he failed in the effort, hesitated, and said, "I don't know." From that moment the dean had completed his task. Johnsen tried to break off the conversation by looking at the clock, which was now nearly eight.

"You are thinking of your school, like a conscientious man, are you not?" said the dean. "But you need not be anxious about it. I have been in and told them that you would be unable to attend. Mr. Pallesen will take your place this morning."

Johnsen sat down again, entirely crestfallen. He felt that he had been hopelessly outwitted and beaten. The dean's sonorous voice still rolled on. He did not directly attack any particular point in the sermon—not at all; but he showed how earthly love, although it was but the type of a heavenly one, was often apt to lead us mortals into error. This he knew of his own experience. He did not wish to make himself out better than he was, but he felt that it was of the highest importance for all, and especially for the young, to be constantly on their guard against

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150 never a single loss on the side of the Americans. Bully!"

But now the advance had reached the marked line where the rest of the Huns waited to engage the invaders. If they were dismayed by the tragic fate that had overtaken that rash pilot they did not show it, for they attacked with a viciousness that Tom had never seen equalled in all his experience as a flier.

It was undoubtedly desperation that spurred the Boche on. He knew that these wonderful Americans, who his leaders had ridiculed in the beginning, were foes not to be despised; that they had almost taken the entire Argonne; that they had actually threatened to commence the long-talked of march on to Berlin.

So they attacked with fury, and the engagement soon became general. Right and left there was continual firing going on, as the giant planes wheeled and circled, shooting out flaming tongues like so many blast furnaces in action.

The formation was not broken even then, each battleplane continuing to cover its individual bombing plane with the shelter of its wings, so to speak, though at the same time fighting off the aggressors.

Of course the bombers were also fitted to ward off attack, each being armed with two machine-guns, one forward, and the other aft where the


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170 the danger. Johnsen could see for himself to what lengths he had allowed himself to be carried yesterday.

"There is, however, one thing," continued the dean, "in which you show very great merit, my dear young friend, and for this very reason I have had, and I may say still have, great hopes of you. What I speak of is your integrity, and the natural leaning towards truth and sincerity, which seems to pervade your whole nature. But, my dear friend, how can a man claim to be sincere when he comes forward and cries, 'I love truth beyond everything, and my heart is full of love for what is elevated and pure,' and then it appears all the time that the love with which his heart was full is nothing more than an earthly love for the woman who has put these thoughts into his mind? Now, can you deny that this was your case yesterday?"

Johnsen could not exactly deny the accusation, and the dean seized upon the half-confession he had made, and continued his homily, without betraying a sign of weariness. And when he at last took his leave, which was not till nearly twelve o'clock, he said, "I will look in again this afternoon. Your thoughts are doubtless so much occupied that you will not go out to-day, and perhaps it would look quite as well if you stayed at home."

The next day also Johnsen remained in his room, and the dean paid him a visit, both morning and afternoon. At length, all at once, his conversion was accomplished. In a moment it seemed clear to him by how little he had escaped getting on the

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text: Popular Science Monthly/Volume 55/July 1899/Geology of the Klondike Gold Fields


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Rh wrong path, and now all the apprehensions which he had felt on his first visit to Sandsgaard again reappeared. He felt how near he had been to forgetting and abandoning his mission—that mission among the poor, which was really his duty; but now his eyes were opened, and that very affection, the strength of which he had now only begun to recognize, he would bring as a peace-offering for his shortcoming, and for having so nearly been untrue to himself and to his calling.

He sprang up and grasped the dean's hand. "Thank you! thank you! You have saved me!" His eyes flashed, and his broad, powerful bosom seemed to swell. At that moment the dean might have sent him to certain death, and he would have obeyed.

As they drove back from Sandsgaard, the dean narrowly observed his young friend. The visit at the Garmans' had not passed off quite so successfully as some of the others which they had paid, where the inspector's calm and genuine manner had made a favourable impression. The dean thought, however, that it was better not to carry things too far, now that they seemed to have taken a good direction. They did not, therefore, pay any more visits, but drove home to the dean's to get a cup of chocolate, which Miss Barbara had prepared for them.

Miss Cordsen had now two patients to attend to, for Rachel had also kept her room for some days. The old lady went to and fro between the two. It was not easy to discover how much she comprehended of it all. Her mouth, surrounded by its innumerable

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Rh man who handled the bombs could manipulate it Slower and much less agile than the fighting planes, they were expected to defend themselves but not to attack.

The advance had slowed up, but not entirely stopped while the battle was joined. As yet no bomb had been slipped from its leash, for the right moment still held off.

Looking down Jack could see where the searchlights that sent such broadening streamers aloft were stationed. He could also make out a dim pile that must be the German fortress, strengthened particularly to hold up the Americans, even as that at Verdun had held up the Huns.

Let the "Archies" bark below and the shrapnel burst all around them as it pleased, no one in all that vast armada of the air was paying the slightest attention to such things. They all, in their carelessness of danger, seemed to themselves impervious to the storm of flying missiles.

The slower-moving bombing machines bore the brunt of this furious onslaught, and Jack could tell that the wings of their plane were being cut by the bullets.

It was almost a miracle that so far no one aboard any of the ten big planes seemed to have been struck; or if such a thing had happened the injury did not appear to be serious. They continued to move forward as if all the Huns in


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172 wrinkles, was so tightly closed that gossip was, for her, out of the question. Calmly and methodically did Miss Cordsen carry on her duties. Both upstairs and down were to be seen her well-starched cap strings, and the faint, old-fashioned smell of lavender seemed to hang in her very clothes.

Rachel sat for hours looking before her, without caring to do anything. To think that this should be the end of all her hopes! Was it, then, impossible to find a man with courage in his heart, and blood in his veins? She felt that she was precluded from any line of action that would really satisfy her, condemned as she was to a life of daily drudgery; but her thoughts became more and more embittered, first against him who had deceived her, and finally against the whole human race.

Madeleine, on the contrary, had no feelings of this nature; but she had a feeling of dread, which seemed daily to increase. She felt that the duplicity of her friend was so great, so enormous, that it quite passed her imagination; and then the thought that it must be he—he, to whom alone, among all this world of strangers, she felt herself attracted on the very ground of his sincerity! Again and again these thoughts arose within her and tortured her. She felt as if her foothold must be insecure for evermore. A stain of impurity seemed to have passed over her life, which made her timid and apprehensive of all these so-called friends who had thus misunderstood and deceived her.

The morning after that night she was awakened by Fanny, who came into her room in her

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