text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/127

Rh  (continued) Donacia sparganii, Ahr. Drayton Beauchamp bicolora, Zsch. (sagittariae, F.) simplex, F. (linearis, Hoppe) vulgaris, Zsch. (typhae, Ahr.) Drayton Beauchamp semicuprea, Panz. sericea, L. affinis, Kunze. Drayton Beauchamp Lema cyanella, L. (puncticollis, Curt.) lichenis, Voet. (cyanella, Suffr. nee L.) melanopa, L. Crioceris asparagi, L.

Cryptocephalus aureolus, Suffr. hypochaeridis, L. Burnham moraei, L. Burnham, Marlow, etc. fulvus, Goeze (minutus, F.) pusillus, F. labiatus, L.

Timarcha tenebricosa, F. (laevigata, Duft.) violaceonigra, DeG. (coriaria, Laich.) Chrysomela staphylaea, L. polita, L.  varians, Schall. goettingensis, L. Chesham didymata, Scriba. Burnham, etc. hyperici, Forst. Phytodecta rufipes, DeG."" litura, F. Gastroidea viridula, DeG. (raphani, Herbst) polygoni, L. Plagiodera versicolora, Laich. Phaedon tumidulus, Germ. armoraciae, L. (betulæ, Kttst.) cochleariæ, F. Phyllodecta vulgatissima, L. cavifrons, Thorns. vitellinæ, L. Hydrothassa aucta, F. marginella, L. Prasocuris junci, Brahm. phellandrii, L. Luperus nigrofasciatus, Goeze rufipes, Scop. flavipes, L. Lochmaea capreae, L. suturalis, Thorns. crataegi, Forst (sanguinea, F.) Galerucella viburni, Payk. nymphasae, L. sagittarias, Gyll. tenella, L. Adimonia tanaceti, L. Sermyla halensis, L. Longitarsus pulex, Schrank. (obliteratus, Rosh.) Drayton Beauchamp anchusae, Payk. Chesham (continued) Longitarsus holsaticus, L. luridus, Scop. brunneus, Duft. suturellus, Duft. (thoracicus, Steph.) atricillus, L. melanocephalus, Gyll. atriceps, Kuts. Chesham distinguendus, Rye. Near Pitstone and Burnham Beeches suturalis, Marsh. Drayton Beauchamp nasturtii, F. Chesham and Drayton Beauchamp piciceps, Steph. (foudrasi, Crotch) lycopi, Foudr. Chesham membranaceus, Foudr. (teucrii, All.) In profusion on Teucrium. Burnham Beeches, 1901 waterhousei, Kuts. Chesham flavicornis, Steph. Marsworth exoletus, L. (femoralis, Marsh.). Burnham pusillus, Gyll. tabidus, F. (verbasci, Panz.). Burnham jacobææ, Wat. ochroleucus, Marsh. Burnham Beeches gracilis, Kuts. " var. poweri, All. lævis, Duft.  pellucidus, Foudr. Haltica lythri, Aub6  ericeti, All.  oleracea, L.  pusilla, Duft. Hermæophaga mercurialis, F. Phyllotreta nodicornis, Marsh.  nigripes, F. (lepidii, Koch)  consobrina, Curt, (melasna, 111.)  punctulata, Marsh.  atra, Payk.  cruciferæ, Goeze (obscurella, 111.)  vittula, Redt.  undulata, Kuts.  nemorum, L. ochripes, Curt. Burnham Beeches, etc.  exclamationis, Thunb. (brassicæ, F.) Aphthona lutescens, Gyll. Halton  nonstriata, Goeze (cœrulea, Payk.) Taplow, Stoke Pages  venustula, Kuts.  atrocœsrula, Steph.  atratula, All. Drayton Beauchamp, Chesham  herbigrada, Curt. Drayton Beauchamp Batophila rubi, Payk.  aerata, Marsh. Sphæroderma testaceum, F.  cardui, Gyll. Apteropeda orbiculata, Marsh.  globosa, Ill. Chesham

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/127


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 4.djvu/230

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 4.djvu/228


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 4.djvu/320


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 4.djvu/316


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/128

Rh  (continued) Mniophila muscorum, Chesham Mantura rustica, L. matthewsi, Curt. Drayton Beauchamp Crepidodera transversa, Marsh. ferruginea, Scop. rufipes, L. helxines, L.  chloris, Foudr. Hippuriphila modeeri, L. Epitrix atropae, Foudr. Bulstrode, Drayton Beauchamp Chaetocnema hortensis, Fourc. (aridella Payk.) Plectroscelis concinna, Marsh. Psylliodes chrysocephala, L. napi, Koch. cuprea, Koch. affinis, Payk. Burnham Beeches, etc. chalcomera, Ill. picina, Marsh. Halton

Cassida vibex, F. nobilis, L. Burnham Beeches, etc. flaveola, Thunb. (obsoleta, Ill.) equestris, F. Bulstrode, etc. viridis, F. hemisphaerica, Herbst. Drayton Beauchamp

Blaps mucronata, Latr. Scaphidema metallicum, F. Tenebrio molitor, L. obscurus, F. Tribolium ferrugineum, F. Helops striatus, Fourc. Lagria hirta, L.

Cistela luperus, Herbst. Chesham, Drayton Beauchamp murina, L.

Tetratoma desmaresti, Latr. Ashridge ancora, F. Drayton Beauchamp Orchesia micans, Panz. Burnham, etc. Clinocara tetratoma, Thorns, (minor, Walk.) Drayton Beauchamp Hallomenus humeralis, Panz. Chesham Conopalpus testaceus, Ol."

Lissodema quadripustulata, Marsh. Rhinosimus ruficollis, L. viridipennis, Steph. planirostris, F.

Œdemera lurida, Marsh.

Pyrochroa serraticornis, Scop, (rubens, F.)

Mordellistena abdominalis, F. Chesham, Burnham humeralis, L. Burnham Beeches, Drayton Beauchamp brunnea, F. Chesham pumila, Gyll. Burnham brevicauda, Boh. Drayton Beauchamp Anaspis frontalis, L. garneysi, Fowler (?) Chesham pulicaria, Costa (forcipata, Muls.) rufilabris, Gyll. geoffroyi, Mall, (fasciata, Forst) ruficollis, F. subtestacea, Steph. maculata, Fourc. Anthicus floralis, L. antherinus, L. Xylophilus populneus, F. Burnham Beeches

Meloë proscarabaeus, L. violaceus, Marsh.

Metoecus paradoxus. Near Tring (W. Rothschild)

Choragus sheppardi, Kirby. Drayton Beauchamp

Apoderus coryli, L. Attelabus curculionoides, L. Rhynchites aequatus, L. æneovirens, Marsh. pauxillus, Germ. nanus, Payk. Burnham Beeches uncinatus, Thorns. sericeus, Herbst (ophthalmicus, Steph.) Burnham Beeches Deporaüs betulæ, L. Apion pomonae, F. ulicis, Forst genistas, Kirby. Burnham Beeches fuscirostre, F. Chesham miniatum, Germ. cruentatum, Walton hæmatodes, Kirby (frumentarium, Payk.) pallipes, Kirby. Chesham, Drayton Beauchamp rufirostre, F. Burnham Beeches difforme, Ahr. dissimile, Germ. Chesham varipes, Germ. apricans, Herbst (fagi, Kirby ; assimile, Kirby) bohemani, Thorns, (ononidis, Germ.) Bourne End trifolii, L. dichroum, Bedel (flavipes, Brit. Cat.)

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/128


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 4.djvu/610


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 6.djvu/649


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 6.djvu/648


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/129

Rh  (continued) Apion nigritarse, Kirby confluens, Kirby stolidum, Germ. Chesham hookeri, Kirby. Burnham Beeches, etc. æneum, F. radiolus, Kirby onopordi, Kirby carduorum, Kirby flavimanum, Gyll. Chesham. On Origanum vulgare annulipes, Wenck. Drayton Beauchamp vicinum, Kirby. Halton near Tring atomarium, Kirby. Drayton Beauchamp virens, Herbst punctigerum, Payk. pisi, F. æthiops, Herbst ebeninum, Kirby filirostre, Kirby. Chesham striatum, Kirby immune, Kirby. Burnham Beeches ononis, Kirby spencei, Kirby ervi, Kirby vorax, Herbst unicolor, Kirby (platalea, Germ.) Chesham meliloti, Kirby. Halton scutellare, Kirby. Burnham Beeches livescerum, Gyll. Chesham, Halton waltoni, Steph. Drayton Beauchamp loti, Kirby seniculum, Kirby tenue, Kirby pubescens, Kirby. Chesham marchicum, Herbst. " affine, Kirby. " violaceum, Kirby hydrolapathi, Kirby humile, Germ. Otiorrhynchus tenebricosus, Herbst fuscipes, Walton atroapterus, DeG. scabrosus, Marsh. ligneus, Ol. picipes, F. sulcatus, F.  ovatus, L. Trachyphlceus squamulatus, Ol. scaber, L. alternans, Gyll. Strophosomus coryli, F. retusus, Marsh. faber, Herbst lateralis, Payk. Exomias araneiformis, Schrank Brachysomus echinatus, Bonsd. hirtus, Boh. Chesham. Among recently fallen dead leaves (continued) Sciaphilus muricatus, F. Tropiphorus carinatus, Mtlll. tomentosus, Marsh, (mercurialis, Brit. Cat.} Liophlceus nubilus, F. Metallites marginatus, Steph. Burnham Beeches, Black Park, etc., abundant Polydrusus micans, F. Burnham Beeches tereticollis, DeG. (undatus, F.)  pterygomalis, Boh.  cervinus, L. Phyllobius oblongus, L.  calcaratus, F.  urticæ, DeG.  pyri, L.  argentatus, L.  maculicornis, Germ.  pomonæ, Ol.  viridiæris, Laich (uniformis, Marsh.)  viridicollis, F. Near Pitstone Barynotus obscurus, F. elevatus, Marsh. Sitones regensteinensis, Herbst  crinitus, Herbst  tibialis, Herbst  hispidulus, F.  humeralis, Steph.  meliloti, Walt. Halton near Tring  flavescens, Marsh.  puncticollis, Steph.  suturalis, Steph.  lineatus, L.  sulcifrons, Thunb. Hypera punctata, F.  rumicis, L.  polygoni, L.  variabilis, Herbst  plantaginis, DeG.  trilineata, Marsh.  nigrirostris, F.  " var. ononinis, Stev. Chesham Liosoma ovatulum, Clairv. Liparus coronatus, Goeze. Drayton Beauchamp Curculio abietis, L. Orchestes quercus, L. alni, L.  " var. ferrugineus, Marsh.  ilicis, F.  avellanae, Don. Burnham Beeches  fagi, L.  pratensis, Germ. Whittlebury Forest (Tomlin)  rusci, Herbst. Burnham Beeches stigma, Germ.""  salicis, L. Rhamphus flavicornis, Clairv. Orthocætes setiger, Germ.

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/129


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/1


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/2


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/3


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/4


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/5


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/6


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/7


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/8


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/10


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/11


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/12


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/16


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/432


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/433


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/130

Rh  (continued) Pseudostyphlus pilumnus, Gyll. Burnham Beeches Erirrhinus bimaculatus, F. acridulus, L. Thryogenes festucae, Herbst nereis, Payk. Dorytomus tortrix, L. Chesham, Drayton Beauchamp tremulæ, F. Drayton Beauchamp maculatus, Marsh. "var. costirostris, Gyll. Drayton Beauchamp Tanysphyrus lemnae, F. Burnham Beeches, etc. Bagous limosus, Gyll. Drayton Beauchamp frit, Herbst. Halton Anoplus plantaris, Naez. Acalyptus carpini, F. On species of Salix ; very local. Little Brickhill near Stony Stratford ; on sallows, April,  1852 (S. Stevens). This is the chief locality for this scarce insect, which has also been taken by Dr. Power at Burwell Fen, and by Mr. Gorham near Haileybury Elleschus bipunctatus, L. Tychius meliloti, Steph. Halton, Hitcham  lineatulus, Germ. Near Pitstone  junceus, Reich (curtus, Bris.) Miccotrogus picirostris, F.  Sibinia potentillae, Germ. Burnham Beeches  primitus, Herbst."" Miarus campanulae, L. Hitcham  graminis, Gyll. Cbeddington  plantarum, Dej. Near Pitstone Gymnetron beccabungæ, L.  melanarius, Germ. Chesham. On Veronica chamasdrys rostellum, Herbst. Chesham antirrhini, Payk. (noctis, Brit. Cat.) Burnham Beeches Mecinus pyraster, Herbst Anthonomus ulmi, DeG. pedicularius, L. rubi, Herbst Nanophyes lythri, F. Bourne End Cionus scrophulariae, L. thapsus, F.  hortulanus, Marsh. blattariæ, F. pulchellus, Herbst Orobitis cyaneus, L. Acalles ptinoides, Marsh. Burnham Beeches, etc. turbatus, Boh. Cceliodes rubicundus, Herbst quercus, F. erythroleucus, Gmel. (subrufus, Herbst) Burnham Beeches (continued) Cosliodes cardui, Herbst quadrimaculatus, L. Poophagus sisymbrii, F. nasturtii, Germ. Chesham Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Payk. constrictus, Marsh. cochleariæs, Gyll. ericæ, Gyll. erysimi, F. contractus, Marsh. chalybæus, Germ. quadridens, Panz. pollinarius, Forst pleurostigma, Marsh, (sulcicollis, Gyll.) alliariæ, Bris. Burnham Beeches marginatus, Payk. urticæ, Boh. Drayton Beauchamp rugulosus, Herbst melanostictus, Marsh. Halton asperifoliarum, Gyll. euphorbiæ, Bris. Chesham, Drayton Beauchamp. On Veronica chamædrys chrysanthemi, Germ. Chesham litura, F. trimaculatus, F. Ceuthorrhynchidius floralis, Payk. pyrrorrhynchus, Marsh. nigrinus, Marsh. melanarius, Steph. horridus, F. Halton quercicola, Payk. (versicolor, Bris.) Chesham troglodytes, F. Amalus haemorrhous, Herbst (scortillum, Herbst). Burnham Beeches Rhinoncus pericarpius, F. gramineus, F. (inconspectus, Brit. Cat.) castor, F. denticollis, Gyll. Drayton Beauchamp Eubrychius velatus, Beck. Halton Litodactylus leucogaster, Marsh. Phytobius quadrituberculatus, F. canaliculatus, Fahr. quadrinodosus, Gyll. Chesham Limnobaris T-album, L. Balaninus venosus, Grav. Stoke Pages nucum, L. turbatus, Gyll. villosus, Herbst brassicæ, Payk. pyrrhoceras, Marsh. Calandra granaria, L. oryzæ, L. Cossonus linearis, F. Drayton Beauchamp Rhyncolus lignarius, Marsh, (cylindrirostris, Ol.) Magdalis armigera, Fourc. (atramentaria, Marsh.) pruni, L.

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/130


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/434


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/435


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/436


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/437


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/438


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/439


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/440


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/441


text: Page:The Biographical Dictionary of America, vol. 02.djvu/442


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/131

Rh Scolytus destructor, Ol. pruni, Ratz rugulosus, Ratz multistriatus, Marsh. Hylastes ater, Payk. opacus, Er. palliatus, Gyll. Hylesinus crenatus, F.  oleiperda, F.  fraxini, Panz. (continued) Hylesinus vittatus, F. Chesham Myelophilus piniperda, L. Cissophagus hederas, Schmidt. Chesham Phlosophthorus rhododactylus, Marsh. Cryphalus fagi, F. Chesham Xylocleptes bispinus, Duft. Dryocaetes villosus, F. Trypodendron domesticum, L. Drayton Beauchamp Xyleborus saxeseni, Ratz. Chesham

From the large proportion of chalk and other calcareous admixtures in its soil this county appears to be somewhat rich in species of Lepi- doptera ; indeed it is, so far as the British Isles are concerned, the especial home of some most delicate and interesting species such as Lophopteryx cucullina and Ptilophora plumigera and is one of the only two known localities for Glupbisia crenata.

There are records of captures, in this order, in the county, for more than half a century past ; indeed at that date Black Park bore an enviable notoriety for the rare and interesting species there captured by the late Mr. Samuel Stevens and his friends. A little more recently the Rev. Joseph Greene, well known by his work upon ' Pupa digging,' spent some time at Halton, and the late Rev. Henry Harpur Crewe at Drayton Beauchamp and at Claydon ; and both thoroughly investigated and recorded the Macro-Lepidoptera of those districts. The Rev. Bernard Smith has spent the later half of a long life at Great Marlow, and has published the results of his many years of collecting and rearing larva? ; and Mr. W. Slade supplied the results of his collecting at and around Buckingham while resident there about 186972. More recently excellent work has been done at Chesham by Dr. Churchill, and at Chalfont St. Peter by the Rev. J. Seymour St. John, while the results of a visit to Leckhampstead and the borders of Whittlebury Forest by the Rev. C. F. Thornewill, and of one to Amersham and Wendover by Mr. H. J. Turner, and some notes from other parts of the county by Mr. A. J. Spiller and others in the Entomological magazines have been found very useful. Mr. Turner's records have the advantage of including Micro-Lepidoptera ; and in this respect a series of notices, more especially of Tortrices, by Mr. Richard South, the editor of the Entomologist have been of especial value.

It is a source of considerable regret to me that the records of Micro- Lepidoptera are so few, and I cannot but think that when these are fully worked up the county list will be very largely extended.

Pieris brassicae, Linn., and P. rapje, Linn. Cabbage butterflies). Everywhere, but most plentiful in gardens and the outskirts of towns ; destructive to vegetables Pieris napi, Linn. (Green-veined White butter- fly). Common in country districts among watercress and other cresses Anthocharis cardamines, Linn. (Orange Tip butterfly). Generally common

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/131


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/132

Rh Leucophasia sinapis, Linn. (Wood White butterfly). Scarce near Buckingham ; also found by the Rev. C. F. Thornewill near Whittlebury Forest ; formerly at Black Park and Claydon ; very local Colias hyale, Linn. (Pale -Clouded Yellow butterfly). A very uncertain species, and formerly never taken in the county, but found near Chorley in the year 1900 and near Chesham and Chalfont Road in 1901

edusa, Linn. (Clouded Yellow butterfly). Very uncertain ; found at Buckingham, Chesham, High Wycombe, Black Park and many other places in certain years. In 1877 it was abundant at Marlow, accompanied by its beautiful pale variety, helice

Gonepteryx rhamni, Linn. (Brimstone butterfly). Usually common, but seen principally in the spring after hybernation Thecla betulse, Linn. (Brown Hairstreak butterfly). Two specimens were taken many years ago by the Rev. H. H. Crewe near Claydon. Most probably it may still be found on the borders of woods in the northern half of the county

pruni, Haw. (Dark Hairstreak). Several specimens were taken about the blossoms of privet (Ligustrum vulgare) at Linford Wood on 4 July, 1874, by Mr. W. Thompson of Stantonbury near Stoney Stratford. This also is a species likely to be found in woods in the northern portion of the county, since its principal haunts are in adjoining counties

w-album, Knoch (White -letter Hairstreak). Buckingham, Chesham, Chalfont Road. About wych-elms. A very uncertain species, abounding in one season, scarce for many successive years

quercus, Linn. (Purple Hairstreak). Black Park, Claydon, Wendover ; apparently in all oak woods

rubi, Linn. (Green Hairstreak). Halton ; also common towards the Chiltern Hills ; among broom and genista Chrysophanus phlaeas, Linn. (Small Copper butterfly). Generally distributed and common Polyommatus agestis, Hüb., astrarche, St.C. (Brown Argus). Abundant at High Wycombe ; also at Long Down and towards the slopes of the Chilterns ; usually upon chalk hills and downs

alexis, Hb., icarus, St.C. (Common Blue butterfly). Abundant everywhere in fields and on hillsides Polyommatus adonis, Hb., bellargus, St.C. Clifden Blue). A very local chalk hill species ; recorded on the slopes of hills on the chalk by the Rev. Joseph Greene ; and the Hon. Charles Rothschild has taken it on the borders of the county toward Tring

corydon, Scop. (Chalk-hill Blue). Abundant at High Wycombe, Long Down and elsewhere on chalk slopes, feeding upon Hippocrepis

argiolus, Linn. (Holly Blue). Buckingham, Aylesbury, Taplow, Halton, Black Park, also towards the Chiltern Hills, its larva feeding on the flowers and berries of holly, ivy, Rhamnus and other shrubs

alsus, Sch., minima, St.C. (Bedford Blue). In sheltered hollows of chalk hills about Wendover, Long Down, the Chilterns and elsewhere ; in some seasons very plentiful

arion, Linn. Recorded at Clifden by Lewin in 1795 Nemeobius lucina, Linn. (Duke of Burgundy Fritillary). Halton ; plentiful near High Wycombe; found in open woods, its larva feeding on the leaves of primrose

Apatura iris, Linn. (Emperor butterfly). Several specimens were met with at Claydon by the Rev. H. H. Crewe many years ago. It doubtless still exists in the woods in the north of the county, flying round the oak trees in July, its larva feeding on broad-leaved sallows

Limenitis sibylla, Linn. (White Admiral). Common at Black Park in the middle of the last century, and it was here that its beautiful larva was found in 1851 feeding on the honeysuckle. This rich locality has long been closed to entomologists, and it is quite uncertain whether this most interesting butterfly justly celebrated for the grace of its motions still exists there

Vanessa c-album, Linn. (Comma butterfly). Formerly found in that portion of the county which borders Whittlebury Forest and probably then in other districts ; but this is a species which for many years has retreated westward and abandoned many of its former localities polychloros, Linn. (Large Tortoiseshell). Buckingham, High Wycombe, Chesham ; about elm ; local and rather irregular in its appearances

urticæ, Linn. (Common Tortoiseshell). Abundant everywhere in gardens, fields and waysides, its larva feeding gregariously on nettles

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/132


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 5.djvu/21

 A TRAGEDY.


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 6.djvu/1


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 6.djvu/2


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/133

Rh Vanessa io, Linn. (Peacock butterfly). Generally distributed, its larva also feeding in large colonies on nettles

antiopa, Linn. (Camberwell Beauty). Very rare; one was taken at Newport Pagnell in 1872, another near Uxbridge in 1901 but in this county, and two more at Gerrard's Cross in the same year

atalanta, Linn. Generally distributed, its larva feeding solitarily upon nettle, bending a leaf so as to form a habitation

cardui, Linn. (Painted Lady). This beautiful insect is most irregular and uncertain, sometimes appearing suddenly in plenty, at other times scarcely seen for years. Most frequently found in the sunny corners of clover fields; but its larva feeds on thistle, and forms a curious silken tent among its prickly leaves. Recorded here from High Wycombe, Chesham, Halton and Taplow, but certainly in its favoured seasons occurring more generally

Argynnis paphia, Linn. (Silver-washed Fritillary). Found apparently in all large woods; formerly abundant at Black Park; also recorded at Buckingham, Chesham, and the Chilterns; and found abundantly on the borders of Whittlebury Forest

adippe, Linn. (High Brown Fritillary). Also an inhabitant of large woods, but sometimes found in open wooded districts; recorded here from Buckingham, Chesham, Claydon, Chalfont St. Peter and the woods lying among the Chiltern Hills

[ dia, Linn. Nearly half a century ago entomologists generally were startled by the news of the capture of a specimen of this well known continental species. The Rev. Bernard Smith, then resident at Marlow, reported that a specimen had been captured by knocking down with his cap by a village lad, and brought to him for examination. This specimen was sent on to Mr. H. Doubleday at Epping, and was certainly the species stated, but some confusion arose as to the details of its capture, and a rather hot controversy arose, with the result that this species was not included in the British fauna]

euphrosyne, Linn. (Pearl-bordered Fritillary). Marlow, Claydon Woods, Leckhampstead, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter and many other woods

selene, Schiff. (Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary). Black Park, Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Claydon Woods, Leckhampstead and elsewhere, in the damper portions of the woodlands and commons

Melitxa artemis, Hb., aurinia, St.C. (Greasy Fritillary). Found in some of the marshy hollows among the Chiltern Hills, and in some seasons even on the tops of the hills, where the scabious is growing; very local

athalia,Esp. (Heath Fritillary). This species seems to have formerly inhabited this county, but to have died out as has been the case in various other counties. The Rev. J. Greene records it as rare; but no certain locality seems to have been preserved

Melanargia galathea, Linn. (Marbled White). Wendover, High Wycombe, Halton, Black Park, Claydon. Usually a chalk-frequenting species; very local, but occurring in plenty in very restricted localities

Satyrus semele, Linn. (Grayling butterfly). High Wycombe and elsewhere; on rough chalky hillsides and open commons

Pararge aegeria, Linn. (Speckled Wood butterfly). Abundant at Black Park; also found generally in shady lanes and the edges of woods, flitting about the trees and highest bushes

megaera, Linn. (Wall Brown butterfly). Generally distributed in lanes and roads

Epinephile janira, Linn. (Meadow Brown). Abundant everywhere in meadows and other grass land

tithonus, Linn, (the Gatekeeper). Plentiful in lanes and about hedges, especially around brambles when in blossom

hyperanthus, Linn. (Ringlet). In the damper portions of most woods, abundant in some of these; especially so on the borders of Whittlebury Forest

Cœoenonympha pamphilus, Linn. (Small Heath butterfly). Everywhere abundant in grass fields and on hillsides

Syrichthus alveolus, Hb., malvæae, St.C. (Grizzled Skipper). Buckingham, Marlow, Halton, Chalfont St. Peter, Leckhampstead; more especially attached to railway banks

Hesperia linea, Fab., thaumas, St.C. (Small Skipper). Chesham, Halton and elsewhere, in damp places near the edges of woods

sylvanus, Esp. (Common Skipper). Generally common in lanes, marshy meadows and the borders of woods; most alert and swift in its motions

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/133


text: Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 7.djvu/4


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/134

Rh Hesperia comma, Linn. (Silver-spotted Skipper). Chesham, High Wycombe, Wendover and on the Chilterns ; always on chalk slopes, but widely distributed and sometimes plentiful

Cyclopides paniscus, Fab., palsmon, St.C. The Rev. C. F. Thornewill reports it as to be found on the north border of the county near Whlttlebury Forest ; its principal haunts with us are in the' adjoining counties

Nisoniades tages, Linn. (Dingy Skipper). Generally distributed, but more especially attached to railway banks and the stony portions of chalk hills

Smerinthus ocellata, Linn. (Eyed Hawk Moth). Generally distributed in the county, but not often captured. The larva is frequent on sallows and willows, but the Rev. Joseph Greene reports that it was usually obtained by him in the pupa state by digging at the roots of willow trees. Messrs. Peachell have taken it at High Wycombe at electric light

populi, Linn. (Poplar Hawk Moth). Generally common, but most frequently obtained as a pupa by digging at the roots of poplars

tiliæs, Linn. (Lime Hawk Moth). Buckingham, Halton, Chesham ; tolerably common ; usually obtained, as stated by the Rev. J. Greene, by digging at the roots of elms not limes for the pupa

Acherontia atropos, Linn. (Death's-head Moth). Buckingham, Chesham, Halton, Black Park, Wolverton ; usually found in the larva state feeding on potato leaves, or in the pupa state by digging among potatoes ; but in 1867 Mr. Barlow of Stantonbury recorded the finding of from fifteen to eighteen larva; all feeding upon the tea-tree (Lycium barbarum)

Sphinx convolvuli, Linn. (Convolvulus Hawk Moth). A specimen was taken in July, 1854, hovering over honeysuckle blossom by the Rev. Joseph Greene ; another in August, 1887, at rest in a cleft of a tree in Chalfont Park, by the Rev T Seymour St. John ; two more by Dr Churchill at Chesham some years ago and the pupa has recently been found near Haddenham

ligustri, Linn. (Privet Hawk Moth).Halton, Buckingham, Chesham, Claydon, High Wycombe ; probably widely distributed. Its larva, which usually feeds upon privet or ash, has been taken in this county feeding freely upon the common dogwood (Cornus sanguinea) and the mealy guelder rose (Viburnum lantana).

Deilephila galii, Schiff. (Galium Hawk Moth). The capture of a single specimen of this rarity in his garden was recorded in July, 1888, by Mr. W. Thompson of Stantonbury, Stoney Stratford; and one was seen in the rectory garden at Leekhampstead by the Rev. C. F. Thornewill

livornica, Esp. (Striped Hawk Moth). A specimen of this equally rare species was secured in April, 1867, near Wolverton by Mr. Fisher, and recorded by Mr. J. Barlow of Stantonbury

Chærocampa porcellus, Linn. (Small Elephant Hawk). Halton, Chesham, Long Down, Claydon ; not scarceon chalk hills among yellow bedstraw (Galium verum)

elpenor, Linn. (Large Elephant Hawk Moth). Halton, Claydon, Chesham, Buckingham. Larvæ are found here abundantly in some seasons feeding upon willow-herb (Epilobium hirsutum) on the banks of the river Ouse. Mr. Crewe found others feeding freely upon Galium uliginosum

Macroglossa stellatarum, Linn. (Hummingbird Hawk Moth). Buckingham, High Wycombe, Chesham, Claydon, Halton, Leckhampstead ; probably generally distributed, and in some widely separated years, common

fuciformis, Linn. (Broad-bordered Bee Hawk). Very uncommon, but found at Halton by the Rev. Joseph Greene and on the borders of Whittlebury Forest near Leckhampstead by the Rev. C. F. Thornewill ; taken by A. T. Goodson and W. H. Smith in 1901, 1902 near Aston Hills (Tring side)

bombyliformis, Esp. (Narrow-bordered Bee Hawk). Also uncommon, but it has been taken at Halton, and the Rev. H. H. Crewe secured two specimens in the year 1851 at Claydon, hovering over the flowers of ragged-robin (Lychnis flos-cucuh) ; two specimens taken by A. T. Goodson in 1901, not found in 1902

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/134


text: Page:A Treatise of the Mechanical Powers - Motte - 1733.djvu/1


text:
Page:The kernel and the husk (Abbott, 1886).djvu/56

40 V

——,

Let us now return to the consideration of the "knowledge of persons." How do we gain knowledge of a human being, that is to say of his motives? "By observing his actions in many different circumstances, especially in extremities of joy, sorrow, fear, temptation, and then by comparing his actions with what we, or others, have done in the same circumstances?" But this is a very difficult and delicate business, especially that part of it which involves comparison. Here we may easily go wrong; and we therefore naturally ask what test have we that our knowledge is correct. One test of any useful knowledge of a machine would be, not our power to discourse fluently about it, but our power to "work" it, i.e. to make it perform the work for which it is intended: and similarly one test of useful knowledge of a human being must be our power to "work" him, i.e. to make him perform the work for which he is intended. A perfectly selfish man of the world may have considerable knowledge of men and "work" them cleverly in a certain sense: he is not cheated by them; he is perhaps obeyed by some, not thwarted by others; he knows the weak points of all, jostles down one, persuades another to lift him up, gets something out of every one, and is, in a word, largely successful in making men help him to do what he intends. But this is a very poor kind of "working," as compared with that which has been practised by the


text: Page:A Treatise of the Mechanical Powers - Motte - 1733.djvu/2


text:
Page:The kernel and the husk (Abbott, 1886).djvu/57

Letter 5] lawgivers, poets, philosophers, and founders of religion; who have moulded and fashioned great masses of men so as to be better able than they were before to do the noblest works that men can do, the works for which they are intended. Now I think it will not be denied that the men who, in this sense, have "worked" mankind have had great ideas of what men could do and ought to do. Sometimes they have had ideas so high that they have seemed impossible of attainment and almost absurd, even as ideas. Yet these are the men, these idealizers of humanity, who have most helped mankind on the path of progress. And this would lead us to the conclusion that the men who have "worked" mankind best have been those who have refused to accept men as they are. Constrained by the Imagination, they have kept before their eyes an Ideal of humanity, towards which they have aspired and laboured with sanguine enthusiasm.

To the same effect tends our observation of mankind in smaller groups, and especially in that smallest of groups called the family. lt is generally the parents who have most influence over their child, most power to "work" him; and we can often see that the reason of their influence does not arise from the power to reward or punish, but from their affection for him, and from their faith in him. Especially do we perceive this in the familiar but mysterious process called forgiving. We see parents, yes even wise parents, constantly placing faith in a child beyond what seems to a dispassionate observer to be warranted by facts, treating him as though he were better than he has shewn himself to be, better than he appears to us likely ever to become. And, strange to say, this imaginative system has on the whole proved more successful than the impartial and dispassionate disposition which would take a human being exactly for what he is, and treat him as being that and no more.


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/135

Rh Sesia tipuliformis, Linn. (Currant Clear- wing). Buckingham ; probably widely distributed in gardens, on the currant bushes

ichneumoniformis, Schiff. (Six-belted Clearwing). The only record here is of a pair swept off the blossoms of rushes at Wolverton in 1870. It might probably be found on the blossoms of bird's-foot trefoil on the chalk hills

Sphæacia bembeciformis, Hb. ; crabroniforme, Haw. Buckingham, Halton ; probably overlooked elsewhere

{{bar|2}] apiformis, Linn. (Hornet Clearwing). Halton, and apparently in other places about poplars

Procris statices, Linn. Recorded by the Rev. J. Greene as common at Halton and elsewhere. Usually found in plenty in some very restricted area, such as the corner of a meadow

geryon, Hb. Mr. A. J. Spiller states that he has seen this species in this county, in thousands, during May, on the slopes of the Chilterns, including Long Down and other hills

Anthrocera trifolii, Esp. (5-spot Burnet Moth). Found plentifully thirty years ago in an old stone-pit near Buckingham, also at Halton. Always very local, and usually found in marshy meadows

filipendube, Linn. (6-spot Burnet Moth). Generally common on chalk hills and railway banks

Zeuzera æsculi, Linn. (Wood Leopard). Halton, Buckingham, Black Park ; always about trees

Cossus ligniperda, Fab. (Goat Moth). Buckingham, Chesham, Black Park. Very destructive to willow, poplar and other trees, its larva tunnelling in all directions under the bark and through the solid wood, sometimes to such an extent as to cause the fall of the tree

Hepialus hectus, Ochs. (Golden Swift). Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park, Chesham, wooded slopes of the Chilterns and Leckhampstead. Probably in all woods. The male diffuses a curiously rich scent, like that of pineapple, when flying

lupulinus, Linn. (Common Swift). Generally distributed, flying about sunset in multitudes in June, with greatswiftness, close to the grass in every meadow

sylvinus, Linn. (Orange Swift). Halton, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, the Chilterns ; usually about bracken fern

velleda, Esp. Mr. Elliman of Westcroft, Tring, captured two specimens within the boundary of this county in 1891 ; Mr. South has found it at Chalfont Road, Dr. Churchill at Chesham, and Mr. H. J. Turner at Amersham

Hepialus humuli, Linn. (Ghost Moth). Common everywhere

Sarrothripa revayana, Schiff. Formerly taken at Black Park

Heterogenea asella, Schiff. Marlow. First obtained by the Rev. Bernard Smith in 1856, and in following years reared by him in considerable numbers from larvæ found upon beech. A very local species, otherwise principally confined to the New Forest, Hants

Halias prasinana, Linn. (Silver Lines). Black Park, Chalfont St. Peter ; probably in all oak woods

quercana, Schiff. ; bicolorana, St.C. (Green Silver Lines). Black Park ; not common

Nola cucullatella, Linn. Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, Leckhampstead

strigula, Schiff. Black Park, scarce

confusalis, Hb. ; cristulalis, Stainton. Black Park, borders of Whittlebury Forest

Nudaria senex, Hb. Found at Halton by the Rev. J. Greene, but very local

mundana, Linn. (Muslin Moth). Generally distributed about old lichen-covered walls and buildings

Calligenia miniata, Forst. Halton, Black Park

Setina irrorella, Linn. Halton and elsewhere on chalk hills

mesomella, Linn. Halton, Black Park

Lithosia aureola, Hb. ; sororcula, St.C. Marlow, Halton, Chesham, Black Park, among oak and beech

helveola, Ochs. ; deplana, St.C. Black Park, taken by the late Mr. Samuel Stevens. This seems to have been one of the earliest known localities for this local species here, and that in which its rather different female was first recognized. It is always a restricted insect and loves to hide in yew trees in chalk districts

complana, Linn. Also taken at Black Park. Not common

complanula, Bdv. ; lurideola, St.C. (Common Footman). Buckingham, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, High Wycombe, Halton, Whittlebury Forest; probably in all woods

griseola, Hb. This is rather common at Chesham, and with its pretty yellow variety stramineola has been found near Halton

rubricollis, Linn. (Red-necked Footman). The Rev. Joseph Greene found this species exceedingly commonly in Beech

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/135


text:
Page:The kernel and the husk (Abbott, 1886).djvu/58

42 I do not mean to say that there have not been blind and fond parents in abundance who—having no high moral standard and being merely desirous to see comfort and bright faces around them—have done their children harm by ignoring their faults and regarding them as perfect: but on the other hand, I call on you to admit the paradox that just, wise, and righteous parents, who have had a high moral standard, have been most successful in enabling their child to rise to that standard, by treating him as though he were better than he really has been. Further, I say that this system has been pursued by all those who have forgiven others, and by Him above all others who has done most to make forgiveness "current coin" among mankind.

I can understand a man of cold-blooded and dispassionate temperament objecting to any such idealization of humanity. "The whole theory," he might say, "is radically unfair and unreasonable. You argue that you ought to love a man and ignore his faults if you wish to know him and move him. You might just as well argue that you ought to hate a man and ignore his virtues for the same purpose. Hate is as keen-eyed as love. Hate spies out the least defects, anticipates each false step, predicts each hasty word,and caricatures beforehand each hasty gesture. Hate makes a study of its objects: hate, therefore, as well as love, might be said to stimulate us to know others. But the right course is neither to hate, nor to love, but to judge. As hate blinds us to virtues, so love blinds us to vices. We ought to be blind to nothing, to extenuate nothing, to ignore nothing, but to be purely and reasonably critical. Thus we shall know humanity as it is."

The answer to this very plausible theory is extremely simple: "Your theory appears to be just and wise upon a cursory and unscientific view of human nature: but it has not endured the scientific test of experiment; it has


text:
Page:The kernel and the husk (Abbott, 1886).djvu/59

Letter 5] not worked. I believe the reason why it does not work is, that it ignores some faintly discernible but growing tendencies in human nature which are not to be discerned without more sympathy than you appear to possess: no human being can be understood in the daylight of Reason alone; affection and Imagination are needed to transport us as it were into the heart of a fellow-creature, to enable us to realize him as we realize ourselves, and to treat him as we would ourselves be treated; faith also in the possibilities of humanity is a very powerful help not only towards discerning the best and noblest that men can do, but also towards developing their power of doing it. But in any case, whatever may be the reasons for its failure, your theory does not "work," and must therefore be given up.

"By 'failure,' I do not mean that your theory will prevent you from getting on and making your way in the world, but that it will prevent you from operating on yourself and on mankind, so that you and they may do the work which you are intended to do. You say the business of a student of men is to be critical. I say that such a student is a mere pedant, a book-philosopher: but the scientific student of men is he who knows how to 'work' them: and those who have in the true sense of the term 'worked' men, have not been of the critical temperament which you eulogize, but often quite uncritical, wondrously uncritical, but full of a fervent faith in a high ideal of humanity, and in a destiny that would ultimately conform humanity to its ideal. If you aim at exerting no social ennobling influence of this kind, if you are content, while leading the life of a man of the world, to abide, spiritually speaking, in the cave of a recluse, then keep on your present course. Criticize men dispassionately to your heart's content. Try to persuade yourself that you know them. But you will never succeed—you will never persuade


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/136

Rh Wood near Aylesbury. He also found the pupae thereof abundantly under moss, on decayed trees, yet these were to a great extent destroyed by parasitic ichneumons

Œnistis quadra, Linn. Has been taken near Aylesbury, but very rarely

Euchelia jacobaeae, Linn. (Cinnabar Moth). Buckingham, Marlow, Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, High Wycombe; not very common

Callimorpha dominula, Linn. (Scarlet Tiger Moth). Taken rarely at Halton

Euthemonia russula, Linn. (Clouded Buff). Black Park, Halton

Nemeophila plantaginis, Linn. (Wood Tiger). Halton, Black Park, Longdown, slopes of the Chiltern Hills

Arctia caja, Linn. (Tiger Moth). Generally common

Phragmatobia fuliginosa, Linn. Once taken at Chesham by Dr. Churchill, also by Messrs. Peachell at electric light at High Wycombe

Spilosoma mendica, Linn. (Muslin Moth). Halton, Buckingham, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter and the Chiltern district

lubricipeda, Linn. (BuffErmine). Everywhere abundant

menthastri, Schiff. (Ermine). Generally common in gardens

urticæ, Esp. Dr. Churchill reports one specimen taken at Chesham

Porthesia chrysorrhcea, Linn. (Brown-tail Moth). Found many years ago at Black Park, more recently at Chesham. This species has disappeared from many districts in which formerly it was common

auriflua, Fab.; similis, St.C. Generally common on hedges

Liparis salicis, Linn. Chesham, Buckingham, Halton; not now common

Psilura monacha, Linn. Occasionally found at Black Park, Chesham, Halton

Hypogymna dispar, Linn. Recorded at Halton by Mr. H. T. Stainton. Formerly it was plentiful in the fens of the adjoining county of Huntingdon

Dasychira pudibunda, Linn. Buckingham, Halton, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, High Wycombe, Black Park

Demas coryli, Linn. The Rev. J. Greene used to find it in profusion in the Beech Wood near Halton, the larva feeding on beech, maple, hazel, oak and other trees, and the pupa under moss on the same tree trunks. Also found at Chesham, Marlow, Black Park and upon the Chilterns

Orgyia gonostigma, Fab. Formerly at Black Park; the larva once found and reared at Chesham by Dr. Churchill

antiqua, Linn, (the Vapourer). Buckingham, Halton, Chesham; probably generally distributed, but in uncertain and variable numbers

Fumea nitidella, Steph.; roboricolella, Bruand. Halton, Black Park; the case common on fences

Pcecilocampa populi, Linn. (December Moth). Buckingham, High Wycombe, Chesham, Halton; the pupa found by the Rev. J. Greene at the roots of poplar, ash and elm trees

Trichiura cratasgi, Linn. Found rarely at Halton and at High Wycombe at the electric light

Eriogaster lanestris, Linn. (Small Eggar). Halton, Chesham, Buckingham, Leckhampstead. The larva lives in a populous community in a common silken nest, on bushes of hawthorn and blackthorn. If it is reared in confinement the moth may emerge in the following spring, but may lay over to emerge in any other spring for some years to come sometimes even to seven years

Clisiocampa neustria, Linn. (Lackey Moth). Halton, Buckingham, High Wycombe, Chesham; probably everywhere. The larvae of this species also live gregariously on trees, but the moths emerge in the year in which the larvae have fed

Lasiocampa quercus, Linn. (Great Eggar). Generally distributed; the larva to be found on every hawthorn hedge

rubi, Linn. (Fox Moth). On Long Down Hill seldom seen except in the larva state

Odonestis potatoria, Linn. (Drinker Moth). Pretty generally distributed often common the larva feeding upon grasses on hedge-banks

Gastropacha quercifolia, Linn, (the Lappet). Buckingham, scarce; and at High Wycombe at the electric light; probably elsewhere, the larva on hawthorn and blackthorn hedges

Drepana falcataria, Linn.; falcula, Schiff. (Hook-tip). Chalfont St. Peter, High Wycombe, Halton, Marlow

hamula, Esp.; binaria, St.C. Chesham and Marlow, about oaks; and at High Wycombe at the electric light

unguicula, Hb.; cultraria, St.C. Buckingham, Chesham, Halton, Marlow, High Wycombe, Chiltern Woods; abundant in the beech woods; the male flying

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/136


text:
Page:The kernel and the husk (Abbott, 1886).djvu/60

44 even yourself that you have succeeded—in making a single human being the better for your influence.

"In morals as in mathematics nothing can be done without faith in the Ideal. If you want to operate scientifically upon imperfect men you must keep constantly before your mind the image of the Perfect Man. We have seen that, before we can attain to 'applied mathematics,' which constitute the basis of those sciences by which we dominate the material world, we have to begin with 'pure mathematics.' In that region of study we have to idealize and speak of things, not as they are in our experience, but as they might be if certain tendencies that we see around us could be infinitely—yes, and we must add, impossibly—extended. Yet in the end, if we go patiently onward, we find that our 'pure mathematics' lead us to conclusions of immense practical importance.

"It is precisely the same in the science of humanity, which we may call anthropology. In order to prepare the way for 'applied anthropology' whereby we may dominate the immaterial world, the minds and tempers of men, we must begin with 'pure anthropology'; that is to say, we must idealize and speak of man not as he is but as he would be if certain tendencies which we see in him conducive to social order and individual development, could be infinitely—yes, and we must add, if we limit our horizon to this present life, impossibly—extended. In the end, if we go patiently onward, we shall find that 'pure anthropology' will be of immense practical importance in helping us to control and develop ourselves and individuals around us and all communities of men. This 'pure anthropology,' having to do with the Ideal of humanity, is necessarily associated or identified with the conception of God; and some would call it 'theology' or 'Christianity.' But that is a mere matter of names. Call it by whatever name you please, but study it you must.


text:
Page:Democratic Ideals and Reality (1919).djvu/88

76 at sea has immediate and far-reaching results. Cæsar beat Antony at Actium, and Cæsar's orders were enforceable forthwith on every shore of the Mediterranean. Britain won her culminating victory at Trafalgar, and could deny all the ocean to the fleets of her enemies, could transport her armies to whatsoever coast she would and remove them again, could carry supplies home from foreign sources, and could exert pressure in negotiation on whatsoever offending State had a sea-front. Our concern here has been rather in regard to the bases of sea-power and the relation to these of land-power. In the long run, that is the fundamental question. There were fleets of war canoes on the Nile, and the Nile was closed to their contention by a single land-power controlling their fertile bases through all the length of Egypt. A Cretan insular base was conquered from a larger Greek peninsular base. Macedonian land-power closed the Eastern Mediterranean to the warships both of Greeks and Phœnicians by depriving them impartially of their bases. Hannibal struck overland at the peninsular base of Roman sea-power, and that base was saved by victory on land. Cæsar won the mastery of the Mediterranean by victory on the water, and Rome then retained control of


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/137

Rh actively by day about the trees, but the females not till the evening. These are not easily obtained, except by rear- ing ; but this is facilitated by the ease with which the pupa is found, in plenty, under moss on the trunks and roots of the beeches

Platypteryx lacertinaria, Linn. ; lacertula, Schiff. (Scalloped Hook-tip). Halton, Chalfont St. Peter, Chalfont Road; not very common

Cilix spinula, Schiff. ; glaucata, St.C. Buckingham, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, Halton, High Wycombe ; probably generally distributed about hawthorn hedges

Cerura furcula, Linn. (Kitten). Buckingham, Halton ; not common, the larva on sallow

bifida, Hb. (Poplar Kitten). Halton, Chesham, Buckingham

vinula, Linn. (Puss Moth). Generally distributed about willows and poplars

Stauropus fagi, Linn. (Lobster Moth). Halton, Aylesbury, Marlow, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, High Wycombe, Black Park. This county is a portion of the central home or metropolis in Great Britain of this fine species, and here the rare black variety has occurred. The larva is most curious, having long legs, and a body so strangely humped that, from the time of its hatching from the egg, it bears the most singular resemblance to a lobster. It has been found here to feed, not only on oak and beech, but also on birch, hazel, hawthorn, apple and wild rose, and spins up between leaves or in moss before becoming a pupa.The moth sits on the trunks of treesoften small trees in woods

Notodonta dictaea, Linn. (Swallow Prominent). Halton, Marlow, Chesham, High Wycombe ; among poplars

dictaeoides, Esp. Marlow and Halton ; among birch, on which the larva feeds. Difficult to rear except singly, since the larvae are disposed to devour each other. They have a habit of clinging so closely to their food that it is difficult to shake or beat them off

ziczac, Linn. Chesham, Halton ; not rare, the larva feeding on sallow and poplar

trepida, Esp. Marlow, Halton, Chesham, High Wycombe, Black Park ; not common

dromedarius, Linn. Black Park, Halton, Chesham ; not common

Drymonia chaonia, Hb. Black Park, Stonor Park, Burnham Beeches, Chesham, Halton, Marlow ; rarely taken in the perfect state. The Rev. Bernard Smith wrote that at Marlow he found only larvas, that they seemed to prefer isolated oak trees of moderate size, and were to be found, by the aid of a ladder, up to the very summit of the tree, usually lying along the midrib on the underside of the leaf, the best time for searching for it being from the middle to the end of June

Drymonia dodonaea, Schiff. ; trimacula, St.C. Marlow, Halton, Chesham ; also about oaks, but uncommon

Lophopteryx carmelita, Esp. Two specimens were taken in Black Park in the year 1857. This appears to be the only record in the county

camelina, Linn. (Coxcomb Prominent). Halton, Chesham, Black Park, woods of the Chiltern district ; larvas found by the Rev. J. Greene in profusion in Beech Wood feeding upon beech, oak and hazel ; also the pupæ commonly under moss on the tree trunks

cucullina, Schiff. ; cuculla, St.C. Marlow, Halton, Aylesbury, Chesham. The county of Bucks seems to be, so far as the United Kingdom is concerned, the metropolis of this beautiful species. The Rev. Joseph Greene says, ' At the time I was at Halton, cucullina was among the rarest British insects. Little or nothing was known about it in any stage. The first larva I found was while examining a maple shrub. I found these shrubs the most productive, especially such as were situated in the denser parts of the wood a very unusual circumstance so far as my experience goes I beat out about forty fine larvæ in the Beech Wood. When my notice of my captures at Halton appeared in the Zoologist (. 4184) a swarm of dealers hastened down to the place, and would speedily have exterminated the species, but were happily warned off the ground by Sir Anthony Rothschild's keepers for damaging and destroying the trees and shrubs.' It is satisfactory to be able to say that the species has not been exterminated, nor indeed seriously reduced in numbers ; specimens in plenty have also been reared by the Rev. Bernard Smith of Marlow and others from eggs obtained by pairing reared specimens and thus continuing the breed in confinement. The moth is very rarely captured, but Dr. Churchill

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/137


text:
Page:Democratic Ideals and Reality (1919).djvu/89

Rh it by the defence of land frontiers. In the Middle Ages Latin Christendom defended itself on the sea from its peninsular base, but in modern times, because competing States grew up within that peninsula, and there were several bases of sea-power upon it, all open to attack from the land, the mastery of the seas passed to a power which was less broadly based, but on an island—fortunately a fertile and coal-bearing island. On sea-power, thus based, British adventurers have founded an overseas Empire of colonies, plantations, depots, and protectorates, and have established, by means of sea-borne armies, local land-powers in India and Egypt. So impressive have been the results of British sea-power that there has perhaps been a tendency to neglect the warnings of history and to regard sea-power in general as inevitably having, because of the unity of the ocean, the last word in the rivalry with land-power.

Dingbat 001.jpg Dingbat 001.jpg Dingbat 001.jpg Dingbat 001.jpg Dingbat 001.jpg Never has sea-power played a greater part than in the recent War and in the events which led up to it. Those events began some twenty years ago with three great victories won by the British fleet without the firing of a gun. The first was at Manila, in


text:
Page:The kernel and the husk (Abbott, 1886).djvu/61

Letter 5] You will never 'work' mankind—that is to say you will never make men do the work for which they are intended—till you have studied the Ideal Man."

You may reply, and with some justice, that there is a danger in this repeated appeal to the test of "working." "What," you may ask, "about the Buddhist and the Mohammedan, the one with his peaceful missions, the other with his victorious sword? Cannot both make the same appeal? In advocating the invariable appeal to "working," do we not come dangerously near urging the acceptance of any doctrine that will afford good leverage to moral effort, regardless of its truth or falsehood? Ought not, after all, the harmony of the doctrine with Reason (in the highest sense—not only syllogistic, but intuitive, imaginative, or whatever you choose to call it) to be the ultimate criterion?"

I suppose there is a "danger" in every means of attaining truth, a danger in observation, a danger in experiment, a danger in inductive, a danger in deductive, reasoning: but it does not follow that any of these means are to be discarded, only that they are to be carefully used. If the Buddhist can appeal to the successes of centuries, that proves, I should say, that there is some element of genuine truth in his religion; if the Mohammedan points to conversions, in India and elsewhere, far more rapid than those made by Christianity and not dependent on "the victorious sword," that also proves that in some important respects—for example in the practical recognition of the equality of all believers without respect to rank or race—Mohammedans have been far more faithful to their teacher than we have been to ours. And generally, any religion that succeeds in making men better with it than they were without it, must be admitted (I think) to contain (so far as it succeeds) some element of divine revelation. And therefore,


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/138

Rh has obtained it at Chesham, attracted by a strong light

Pterostoma palpina, Linn. Chalfont St. Peter, Buckingham, Halton, Chesham ; about poplars

Ptilophora plumigera, Esp. Halton, Great Marlow. This is another most interesting species which has its chief home in this and the bordering counties. It is scarcely ever taken in the moth state. The Rev. B. Smith used to examine the twigs of maple bushes in the winter and so find the eggs, which were deposited singly on the buds. These hatched in April, and the larvæ fed on the young leaves of the maple. Considerable numbers were reared in this manner or from larvae found on the undersides of the maple leaves. From the resulting moths eggs were obtained and sufficient specimens reared to supply most collections. A former resident at Marlow, Mr. C. T. G. Trotter, has furnished information as to the method of rearing. He says, 'A small maple planted in a pot and slightly forced about the 1st of April, may be brought indoors. The young larvae, which appear about the 20th of April, are placed on the opening buds with a feather ; these will not wander off their food, but go on feeding and changing their skins for about six weeks when they will be full grown and ready to bury. The plant will want watering occasionally, but no further trouble need be taken. They bury from one to two inches below the surface, and should be kept dry till November.' The Rev. B. Smith says that the larva will feed freely on sycamore and Norway maple as well as on Acer campestris (common maple). The moth has the strange habit of emerging in the middle of November ; and has been taken at gas lamps occasionally

Gluphisia crenata, Esp. This is one of the most rare of British insects. Three specimens only are known with certainty to have been obtained in these islands, and of these one was reared from a larva obtained in Buckinghamshire. The history of this specimen by the Rev. Joseph Greene is as follows: 'In August, 1853, returning home from a collecting expedition, about midway between Weston Turville and Halton I came across a large black poplar. Striking a branch which was within reach of my beating stick, I saw something fall into the grass, and after a careful search discovered a small dull green caterpillar, tapering at each end, and having three or four brick-red dorsal patches, but quite unknown to me. This I placed in a breeding cage, and it went down that day. I left Halton for Dublin the same season, but before doing so I went to London to see whether I could obtain any information as to this larva at the Entomological Society. I found there, I think, Mr. Douglas and Mr. Janson ; they showed me Hubner's great work, and when we came to the figure of G. crenata I at once recognized it. I left two sceptics behind me and returned home. I then went to Dublin, carrying with me, of course, my breeding cage containing such precious pupae as S. fagi, L. cucullina, and the hoped-for crenata. The house in which I passed the winter had a greenhouse attached. All three species emerged at the end of the ensuing March, having been forced by the warmth ; they are all still in my collection, and I know of no capture of crenata since.' Mr. Greene has furnished these details for the present work ; he is now living well stricken in years at Clifton, Bristol, and still deeply interested in the entomology of this county. The specimen in question was exhibited at a meeting of the Entomological Society of London on 3 April, 1854

Petasia cassinea, Schiff. ; sphinx, St.C. (the Sprawler). Black Park, Halton, Chesham

Pygaera bucephala, Linn, (the Buff-tip). Generally distributed and common

Clostera curtula, Linn. (Chocolate-tip). Halton, scarce

reclusa, Fab. ; pigra, St.C. (Small Chocolate-tip). Halton, Black Park ; about sallows

Diloba casruleocephala, Linn. (Figure of 8). Generally distributed and common

Gonophora derasa, Linn. (Buff-arches). Buckingham, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park, Whittlebury Forest ; usually taken at ' sugar '

Thyatira batis, Linn. (Peach Blossom Moth). Halton, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park, Marlow ; also usually taken at ' sugar '

Cymatophora duplaris, Linn. Halton, Chesham ; not common

or, Schiff. Halton, larvæ on young shoots of poplar

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/138


text:
Page:The kernel and the husk (Abbott, 1886).djvu/62

46 while admitting the appeal to Reason, I cannot reject the appeal to Experience as well. Do not think that, in laying so much stress on "working," I ignore the difference between the propositions of Natural Science and those of Religion, or forget how much more ready and convincing verification is in the former than in the latter. The means of verifying may differ in different ages: why not? In the earliest period of Christianity, men had, as a test, the contrast between the heathen and the Christian life; the burning zeal of the freshly imparted Spirit of Christ; and the "mighty works" wrought by the Apostles and perhaps by some of their successors. Now, for us in Christendom, the proof from "contrast" is less obvious, and we have lost also something of the fresh and fiery zeal—must we not add the occasionally misguided zeal?—of the First Christians: but, by way of compensation, we have, besides our individual experiences,the collective evidence of many generations shewing what Christ's Spirit can do to help us when we obey it, to chasten us when we disobey. Are we wrong then in inferring that one test of religions is the same which our Lord appointed for testing men: "By their fruits ye shall know them"?

There is undoubtedly a great difference between proof in Science and proof in matters of Religion: and Religion depends, far more than Science, upon Imagination. But I have not ignored this difference. On the contrary, I have attempted to show that, since Religion depends far more than Science upon Imagination; and since Science itself depends largely upon Imagination; therefore Religion must depend very largely upon Imagination, and especially upon that form of Imagination to which we give the name of Faith.


text: The Kernel and the Husk/Ideals and Tests


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/139

Rh Cymotophora ocularis, Linn. Halton ; also on poplar

Asphalia diluta, SchifF. Black Park

flavicornis, Linn. Black Park ; about birch ridens, Fab. Black Park ; on oak

Acronycta leporina, Linn. Taken at Chesham by Dr. Churchill

aceris, Linn. Chesham, Chalfont Road, Black Park

megacephala, Schiff. Generally common among poplars

alni, Linn. Marlow ; one larva found at Halton, but it unfortunately died tridens, Schiff. Chesham, Buckingham,Halton psi, Linn. (Common Dagger Moth). Common everywhere

rumicis, Linn. Black Park, Buckingham, Chesham, Halton, where also its dark var. salicis has been found

{{bar|2}] ligustri, SchifF. Black Park, Claydon, Halton. The Rev. J. Greene found pupæ in great profusion under moss on beech and ash trees in Beech Wood

Agrotis suffusa, Hb. ; ypsilon, St.C. Buckingham, Long Down Hill, Black Park ; sometimes common

segetum, Schiff. (Turnip Moth). Everywhere too abundant, but especially so in cultivated fields

corticea, Hb. Halton, High Wycombe, Black Park

cinerea, Hb. The Rev. J. Greene says : ' Of this (then) rare species I obtained three at light, and beat out others from beech." It is usually found on chalk hills and downs

puta, Hb. Common at Halton ; also at the electric light at High Wycombe

exclamationis, Linn. Everywhere abundant ; in woods, fields, meadows and gardens nigricans, Linn. Black Park ; abundant at Halton tritici, Linn. One specimen only found under a stone near Chesham

agathina, Dup. Black Park ; found at night at heather bloom

porphyrea, Hb. ; strigula, St.C. Black Park, among heath

saucia, Hb. Chalfont St. Peter, taken by the Rev. J. Seymour St. John

pyrophila, Fab. One specimen, taken by the Rev. J. Greene at flowers of syringa

ravida, Hb. Halton and the Chiltern district ; taken at the blossoms of the lime ; abundant in 1893

Axylia putris, Linn. Chesham, Halton, Buckingham, Black Park, High Wycombe

Triphaena fimbria, Linn. (Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing). Black Park, Halton, Buckingham, Chesham ; in woods

janthina, Esp. Chalfont St. Peter, Buckingham, Chesham, High Wycombe, Halton, Chalfont Road ; at flowers

interjecta, Hb. Chalfont St. Peter, Chalfont Road, Halton, Chesham ; flying along hedges in the afternoon sunshine

subsequa, Hb. One taken by Messrs. Peachell at electric light at High Wycombe

orbona, Fab. ; comes, St.C. Generally common in woods. Mr. J. B. Williamson of Slough reports that he has reared specimens from larvæ taken at that place, of which the yellow of the hind wings was darkened as much as in those received from Scotland

pronuba, Linn. (Common Yellow Underwing). Abundant everywhere, but most so in hay-fields

Noctua glareosa, Esp. Taken at Chesham by Dr. Churchill

augur, Fab. Buckingham, common ; Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Black Park ; probably generally distributed

plecta, Linn. Chesham, High Wycombe, Black Park

triangulum, Tr. Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Buckingham, Black Park ; frequent in woods

c-nigrum, Linn. Buckingham, Black Park, Chalfont St. Peter, High Wycombe, Long Down Hills

rhomboidea, Tr. ; stigmatica, St.C. Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Black Park, in beech woods

brunnea, Fab. Buckingham, Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Black Park ; probably in all woods

dahlii, Hb. Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park

festiva, Hb. Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Buckingham, Black Park ; probably in all woods

baja, Fab. Widely distributed in woods

rubi, Viewig ; bella, Bkh. Chesham, Black Park ; common at Halton

umbrosa, Hb. Halton, Buckingham, not scarce

xanthographa, Fab. Generally abundant in woods and lanes

neglecta, Hb. ; castanea, St.C. Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park

Eurois herbida, Hb. ; prasina, St.C. Black Park, Halton; in woods, uncertain

{{bar|adusta, Esp. Chesham, Halton, Black Park ; in woods, not very common {{nop}} {{smallrefs}} {{c|95}}

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/139


text:
Page:Laws of Hammurabi, King of Babylonia.djvu/23

Rh daughter by her husband, her husband shall be entitled to deduct from the dowry, which belongs to her father, the amount thereof, and shall then pay whatsoever remains of the dowry to her father.

165. In event a father during his lifetime gives to a favored son his field and executes conveyance thereof to that son and then dies and leaves other sons, the favored son shall receive from his father's estate the field presented to him during the lifetime of his father and the balance of his estate shall be divided among those not so favored.

166. In event he chooses wives for his adult sons, before his minor sons attain maturity, and then dies, the adult sons shall divide the property equally among themselves, after having set aside a sufficient portion of the estate, to enable their minor brothers to provide grain treasure with which to purchase wives.

167. If anyone marries a woman who bears him children and the mother thereupon dies, and the husband then remarries and has children by his second wife, and thereupon the husband dies, the property shall be divided among all the children per capita. The property left by the first wife shall go to her children and that of the second wife to her children.

168. Anyone proposing to disinherit his son shall go before a tribunal and there declare his intentions to so do, whereupon a hearing shall be had and if the son is found to be not guilty of conduct which shall justify his disinheritance, the father shall not be permitted to disinherit him.

169. In event the father establishes misconduct on the part of the son, such as would justify disinheritance, the son shall be forgiven for the first offence, but upon repetition thereof shall be deemed guilty of having committed a grave offence and shall be disinherited.

170. If a man marries a woman who bears him sons and he also has children by a slave, who, during the father's lifetime, were recognized as his sons and declared to be such, and the father then dies, the children of both the wife and the slave shall divide equally the father's estate. Nevertheless the children of the wife shall be preferred in the choosing of the portions of said divisions.

171. In event, however, the father of children by a slave does not recognize them during his lifetime as his children, "my sons," the children of the slave shall not be entitled to share with the children of the wife, upon the death of the father, but the slave and her children shall be emancipated and no claim upon their services shall be permitted to be made by children of the wife. The wife shall be permitted to receive her dowry and the property given her by her husband during his lifetime, by written conveyance, and shall have the use and occupation of her deceased husband's house, so long as she shall live, which house may not be sold upon her husband's death. The property of the wife shall descend to her children.

172. In event the husband has bestowed no gift during her lifetime upon the wife, she shall receive her dowry and in addition thereto, a portion of her husband's estate commensurate with the portion of all of her children. In event her sons eject her from the homestead, she may proceed before a tribunal and there assert her claim; if it be proved that her sons have wrongfully ejected her, she may remain in her husband's house. In event a widow desires to leave her husband's house she shall bestow upon her sons the gifts which her husband had given her, but she may retain her dowry and remarry if she desires.

173. In event a widow marries and there is issue born to her and


text:
Page:Democratic Ideals and Reality (1919).djvu/90

78 the Pacific Ocean, when a German squadron threatened to intervene to protect a Spanish squadron, which was being defeated by an American squadron, and a British squadron stood by the Americans. Without unduly stressing that single incident, it may be taken as typical of the relations of the Powers during the war between Spain and America, which war gave to America detached possessions both in the Atlantic and Pacific, and led to her undertaking the construction of the Panama Canal, in order to gain the advantages of insularity for the mobilisation of her warships. So was a first step taken towards the reconciliation of British and American hearts. Moreover the Monroe doctrine was upheld in regard to South America.

The second of these victories of the British fleet was when it held the ocean during the South African War, of such vital consequence to the maintenance of the British rule in India; and the third was when it kept the ring round the Russo-Japanese War, and incidentally kept the door open into China. In all three cases history would have been very different but for the intervention of the British fleet. None the less—and perhaps as a consequence—the growth of the German fleet imder the successive Navy Laws,


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/140

Rh Charasas graminis, Linn. (Antler Moth). Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, the Chiltern district ; larva sometimes mischievous in grass lands

Heliophobus popularis, Fab. Chesham, Buckingham, Chalfont St. Peter, High Wycombe ; common at Halton. Larva also occasionally injurious to pasture lands

Neuria saponariae, Bkh. Chesham, occasionally at 'light'; Buckingham, Halton, Black Park, High Wycombe

Aplecta advena, Fab. Chesham, Chalfont Road, Halton, Black Park ; strongly attracted by the flowers of the turncap lily

nebulosa, Hufn. Chesham ; common at Black Park, and probably in other woods

Hadena thalassina, Rott. Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park ; common in woods

pisi, Linn. Recorded at Halton by Mr. Stainton

oleracea, Linn. Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham ; common at Halton genistae, Steph. Chesham, High Wycombe, Black Park, the Chiltern district ; not very common

dentina, Esp. Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter

chenopodii, Fab. High Wycombe at the electric light

Mamestra brassicae, Linn. (Cabbage Moth). Abundant everywhere, but especially in gardens

persicariae, Linn, (the Dot). Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Black Park ; widely distributed, but most frequent in gardens

Hecatera serena, Fab. Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, Chalfont Road, Halton, Buckingham, High Wycombe ; usually found sitting on a tree-trunk or paling

Dianthecia carpophaga, Bkh. Halton, Taplow, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, Chalfont Road ; among Silene inflata

capsincola, Hb. Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter ; among Lychnis

cucubali, Fues. Taplow, High Wycombe ; not common

conspersa, Esp. ; nana, St.C. Recorded at Halton by Mr. Stainton ; taken by A. T. Good son at Dancers End, Tring, over blossoms of campion

Epunda nigra, Haw. One specimen taken at electric light at High Wycombe by Messrs. Peachell

Polia flavicincta, Fab. Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, High Wycombe ; rather common at Buckingham

chi, Linn. Taken at Chalfont St. Peter by the Rev. ]. S. St. John

Dryobota protea, Bkh. Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Halton ; common among oaks, the pupae to be found in plenty at their roots

Cleoceris viminalis, Fab. Halton ; the larva common in shoots of sallow and willow

Chariptera aprilina, Linn. Chesham, Halton ; pupa common at roots of oak

Miselia oxyacanthae, Linn. Buckingham, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter ; rather common at ' sugar ' in the late autumn

Luperina testacea, Hb. Generally common about grass land, in which the larvæ is sometimes destructive

Cerigo cytherea, Fab. Chesham, Buckingham, Chalfont St. Peter,Halton, Black Park, High Wycombe

Hama anceps, Hb. ; sordida, St.C. Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Black Park ; common at Halton

furva, Hb. The late Mr. Samuel Stevens recorded in the year 1844 the capture of this species at Black Park

Xylophasia lithoxylea, Fab. Generally distributed and often common

sublustris, Esp. Black Park, Marlow, Buckingham ; rather local and not very common

polyodon, Linn. ; monoglypha, St.C. Everywhere abundant ; a variety nearly black was taken near Buckingham in 1870. This form is very rare in the south

rurea, Fab. Generally common in woods and lanes

hepatica, Hb. Chesham, Buckingham, Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park,Halton. The Rev. J. Greene says that the larva may be found full grown in April under moss on the trunks of trees

scolopacina, Esp. Two specimens have been taken at Chesham by Dr. Churchill

Apamea basilinea, Fab. Generally distributed and often common

gemina, Hb. Black Park ; abundant at Halton

unanimis, Tr. Chesham, Halton. The Rev. J. Greene says that the larva hybernates when full grown under moss or loose bark on poplars in damp places

oculea, Gn. ; didyma, St.C. Abundant everywhere

Miana literosa, Haw. Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham

strigilis, Cl. Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Black Park ; usually common

fasciuncula, Haw. Chalfont St. Peter, Halton, Chesham, in damp meadows

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/140


text:
Page:Laws of Hammurabi, King of Babylonia.djvu/24

82 thereupon she dies, her dowry shall be divided between the children of her first and second husbands [per capita].

174. If she does not bear sons to her second husband the sons of her first husband shall receive her entire dowry.

175. When a slave of the state or the slave of a freedman marries the daughter of a freedman and issue is born of such marriage, the owner of said slave shall not be permitted to reduce to slavery the children of such marriage. If he should so do they shall be deemed to be free children.

176. If a state slave or the slave of a freedman marries anyone's daughter, and after he has married her and she has moved into that one's house, taking with her the dowry of her father's house, they both have settled down and founded a household of their own, have acquired wealth, and thereupon that slave dies, then this freeborn woman shall take her dowry and all that which she and her husband have acquired since their settling down; she shall divide it into two parts and the owner of the slave shall take ½ and the freeborn woman shall take the other ½ for her children. If the freeborn woman did not have a dowry, she shall divide everything into two parts which her husband shall have acquired since their settling down, and the owner shall take ½ and the freeborn woman shall take the other ½ for her children.

177. Any widow, who shall desire to enter into a marriage contract having ungrown children, shall not be permitted to enter into the marriage relation with another person without first gaining permission from the court. If she marries, the value of the estate of her former husband shall be determined by the court and it shall then be given into the custody of the widow and the second husband. The property shall be kept in good order, the children maintained and no disposition [by sale] of the estate shall be made. Anyone purchasing such property shall forfeit the purchase price and the property shall be returned to its owner.

178. If the father of a consecrated one [a virgin of the temple] or a public girl [prostitute for hire regulated by city] has given her a dowry and a certificate thereunto, which certificate contains no provision for the disposition of the property and fails to give her a right to dispose thereof as she may desire, dies, her brothers are to receive her field and garden, according to the size of her share, and are to give her grain, oil and milk and place her in peace [provide for her safe-keeping]. If her brothers do not give her grain, oil and milk, according to her share, and do not place her in peace, her field and garden are to be given over to a farmer whom she approves, and the farmer shall provide for her. She shall have the field, garden and everything which she has inherited from her father so long as she lives, but she shall not sell it or dispose of it to another one. Her child's portion [heritage] belongs to her brothers. [Life interest with remainder to brothers.]

179. If the father of a consecrated one or a public girl has given her a dowry and has given her a certificate thereof, and has specified therein that she may dispose of her dowry to whom she pleases, giving to her full power of disposition thereof, and the father then dies, she may thereupon dispose of her heritage to whom it pleases her to so do. Her brothers may interpose no objection.

180. If a father gives to his daughter—marriageable or public girl—and then dies, she is to receive a child's protection of the paternal estate, and as long as she lives is to have the use thereof. What she leaves


text:
Page:Democratic Ideals and Reality (1919).djvu/91

Rh the withdrawal of the British battle squadrons from the Far East and from the Mediterranean, and co-operation in those seas with the Japanese and French sea-powers.

The Great War itself began in the old style, and it was not until 1917 that the new aspects of Reality became evident. In the very first days of the struggle the British fleet had already taken command of the ocean, enveloping, with the assistance of the French fleet, the whole peninsular theatre of the war on land. The German troops in the German Colonies were isolated, German merchant shipping was driven off the seas, the British expeditionary force was transported across the Channel without the loss of a man or a horse, and British and French supplies from over the ocean were safely brought in. In a word, the territories of Britain and France were made one for the purpose of the war, and their joint boundary was advanced to within gunshot range of the German coast—no small offset for the temporary, though deeply regretted, loss of certain French departments. After the battle of the Marne the true war-map of Europe would have shown a Franco-British frontier following the Norwegian, Danish, German, Dutch, and Belgian coasts—at a distance of three miles in the


text:
Page:The Clipper Ship Era.djvu/87

 Rh construct them in New York, yet he felt unwilling to risk failure through employing local talent, however able, for Boston builders were inexperienced in building this class of vessel, while the construction of packet ships had been developed to a high degree of perfection in New York. His doubts were freely expressed, but Mr. Condry had a strong conviction on this subject, and so convincing were his arguments in favor of his young ship-builder friend, that Mr. Train, before landing at Liverpool, had promised that he would see Mr. McKay upon his return to the United States.

The meeting at Newburyport of these two really great men, Enoch Train and Donald McKay, should be memorable in the maritime annals of the United States. It was the swift contact of flint and steel, for within an hour a contract had been signed for building the Joshua Bates, the pioneer ship of Train's famous Liverpool Line, and Mr. Train was returning to his home in Boston. He visited Newburyport frequently while his ship was building, and whether Mr. McKay, during the four years that had elapsed, had further developed the qualities which Dennis Condry had so admired, as seems probable, or whether Mr. Train's perceptive faculties were keener than those of his fellow-passenger, it is a fact that on the day when the Joshua Bates was launched and floated safely on the Merrimac River, Mr. Train grasped Donald McKay by the hand and said to him: "You must come to Boston; we need you; if you wish financial assistance to establish a shipyard, let me know the amount and you shall have it."

title: Page:The Clipper Ship Era.djvu/87


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/141

Rh Miana furuncula, Tr. Chalfont St. Peter

Eremobia ochroleuca, Esp. In the Chiltern district, not common. Usually taken sitting on flowers in the daytime

Dipterygia pinastri, Linn. ; scabriuscula, St.C. Black Park

Euplexia lucipara, Linn. Generally distributed

Phlogophora meticulosa, Linn. Common everywhere

Helotropha fibrosa, Hb. ; leucostigma, St.C. Taken at ' sugar ' near Chesham by Dr. Churchill

Hydræcia nictitans, Bkh. Chalfont St. Peter, Halton, Chesham, Black Park

micacea, Esp. Halton, Chesham

Calamia lutosa, Hb. High Wycombe, at the electric light

Leucania impura, Hb. Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, common at Halton ; probably everywhere

pallens, Linn. Abundant in grass lands as well as in woods

comma, Linn. Buckingham, Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Black Park, High Wycombe ; in woods

conigera, Fab. Generally distributed ; usually taken at flowers

lithargyria, Esp. Generally common in woods

turca, Linn. At one time taken at Black Park, but apparently not seen there for fifty years, or even much longer

Panolis piniperda, Panz. Black Park ; larva taken on fir by the late Mr. Samuel Stevens

Taeniocampa gothica, Linn. Generally distributed in woods ; taken at sallow bloom at dusk in early spring

miniosa, Fab. Once taken at Chesham by Dr. Churchill

cruda, Tr.; pulverulenta, St.C. Generally abundant at sallow bloom in early spring

stabilis, View. Generally abundant ; taken in the same manner

populeti, Tr. Chesham, Black Park, Halton. The Rev. J. Greene says : 'I found a fair number of the pupae of this, then, rare species ; on one occasion thirteen at the roots of one poplar. It goes much deeper into the earth than most species'

instabilis, Esp. ; incerta, St.C. Chesham, High Wycombe ; common at Buckingham ; Halton, the pupa found in profusion by digging at the roots of many trees. This moth also comes freely to sallow bloom, but often later in the spring, and is very variable

munda, Esp. Chesham, Halton, Great Marlow, Black Park ; at sallow bloom in early spring

Taeniocampa gracilis, Fab. Buckingham, Chesham, Black Park ; also at sallow bloom, but later

Pachnobia leucographa, Hb. Chesham, Rickmansworth neighbourhood, Great Marlow ; at sallow bloom ; scarce

rubricosa, Fab. Buckingham, Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, High Wycombe ; at the same attraction

Rusina tenebrosa, Hb. Generally distributed in woods ; coming freely to ' sugar ' on trees

Mania maura, Linn. Buckingham, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, High Wycombe, Black Park ; often hiding in houses

Nasnia typica, Linn. Generally common

Amphipyra pyramidea, Linn. (Copper Underwing). Chesham, Buckingham, High Wycombe, Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park ; in woods, in some years abundantly

tragopogonis, Linn. (Mouse Moth). Generally distributed ; often found in houses behind curtains, running swiftlywhen disturbed ; but in no respect injurious, since its larva feeds on weeds, and their blossoms especially

Hydrilla arcuosa, Haw. Halton, Black Park, not common ; taken at ' light '

Caradrina morpheus, Tr. Chesham, High Wycombe, Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park ; common in gardens

Caradrina alsines, Bkh. Chesham, Halton, abundant ; High Wycombe, Black Park ; often taken at lime blossoms

blanda, Tr. ; taraxaci, St.C. Generally common in woods and lanes

cubicularis, Bkh. ; quadripunctata, St.C. Generally common ; destructive to grain ; sometimes found abundantly in corn stacks

Grammesia trilinea, Bkh. ; trigrammica, St.C. Generally distributed in woods

Dyschorista ypsilon, Bkh. ; fissipuncta, Haw. Found by the Rev. J. Greene at Halton, the pupa under moss on alders

Dicycla oo, Linn. Buckingham, Black Park, rare ; an extremely local species

Calymnia trapezina, Linn. Generally common in woods. The larva of this species is notorious for its habit of chasing, killing and devouring larvae of more feeble kinds

pyralina, Schiff. Formerly at Black Park ; usually a very scarce species

diffinis, Linn. Buckingham, Black Park, Halton ; pupæ at the roots of elms, but scarce

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/141


text:
Page:The Clipper Ship Era.djvu/88

56 So the young ship-builder had on that day launched his last ship at Newburyport. He soon closed the pleasant relations which had existed with his partner, and at the age of thirty-four opened 'his great shipyard at the foot of Border Street, East Boston. There he built in rapid succession, between 1845 and 1850, the packet ships Washington Irving, Anglo-Saxon, Ocean Monarch, Anglo-American, and Daniel Webster for Train's Liverpool Line. These ships carried a black T in their foretopsail below the close reef band, and flew the Enoch Train signal, a red field with white diamond. The ships New World and Cornelius Grinnell were built here for Grinnell, Minturn & Co.'s Swallowtail Line; the A. Z., L. Z., and Antarctic for Zerega & Co., New York; the Jenny Lind for Fairbank & Wheeler, Boston; the Parliament, Plymouth Rock, Reindeer, and barque Helicon for George B. Upton, Boston; the Moses Wheeler for Wheeler & King, Boston; and the barque Sultana for Edward Lamb & Co., Boston. These vessels were much admired in New York, London, Liverpool, and other seaports, and established the reputation of Donald McKay as a ship-builder equal to the best.

title: Page:The Clipper Ship Era.djvu/88


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/142

Rh Calymnia affinis, Linn. Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, scarce ; Black Park ; Halton, common about elms

Tethea subtusa, Schiff. Chesham, Halton ; the larva not uncommon upon sallow

retusa, Linn. Black Park, scarce

Orthosia rufina, Linn. ; helvola, St.C. Halton ; taken abundantly at ivy bloom in the autumn

ferruginea, Schiff.; circellaris, St.C. Generally distributed and common among elm

pistacina, Schiff. Generally common. Very conspicuous from its wild and eccentric flight round gas lamps in autumn. Abundant at ivy bloom

litura, Linn. Chesham, High Wycombe, Chalfont St. Peter

lunosa, Haw. Chalfont St. Peter, Buckingham, High Wycombe. Also to be seen flying wildly around gas lamps in the early autumn

lota, Linn. Abundant in late autumn, frequenting ivy bloom

macilenta, Hb. Common at Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, High Wycombe ; scarce at Halton ; pupa in a very weak cocoon at the foot of birch

Cirraedia xerampelina, Hb. Chalfont Park, not uncommon ; Chesham, Halton, High Wycombe ; always considered a rare species until the Rev. J. Greene showed that, by careful digging at the roots of ash trees, the pupæ might be obtained in moderate numbers

Xanthia citrago, Linn. Buckingham, Chalfont St. Peter, Halton, High Wycombe ; most frequent about lime trees in chalk districts

cerago, Schiff. ; fulvago, St.C. Chalfont St. Peter, High Wycombe, Chesham, Halton ; larva in buds of sallow in woods ; the moth frequent at early ivy blossom

silago, Hb. ; flavago, St.C. Halton, High Wycombe ; rather common, yet not recorded elsewhere in this county aurago, Schiff. Marlow, Halton, Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Black Park. This most beautiful species is very local, and is found more freely in this and one or two adjoining counties than in any other part of England.

gilvago, Esp. Found at Chalfont St. Peter by the Rev. J. S. St. John

Hoporina croceago, Schiff. Formerly taken at Black Park by Mr. Samuel Stevens

Dasycampa rubiginea, Schiff. Great Marlow, Slough, Halton, rare. The Rev. J. Greene says : ' In the course of September I bred four specimens from eggs laid in a pill-box by a female moth taken at sallow bloom at Marlow in the spring ; the larvæ fed on the leaf of the Orleans plum, and were concealed during the daytime among the leaves. In regard to this species feeding on plum, a very fresh specimen of the moth was taken near this place on the bole of a plum tree at sugar, and another in an orchard.'

Cerastis vaccinii, Linn. Abundant in woods

ligula, Esp. ; spadicea, Stn. Chesham, Halton, Buckingham, Chalfont St. Peter

Scopelosoma satellitia, Linn. Generally distributed in woods in the autumn, coming freely to ivy bloom

Xylina semibrunnea, Haw. Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park ; a very local species, attracted by ivy bloom

rhizolitha, Fab.; ornithopus, St.C. Chesham, Halton, Black Park ; not very common

Xylocampa lithoriza, Bkh. ; areola, St.C. Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park, High Wycombe ; on walls and tree trunks about honeysuckle in the spring

Calocampa exoleta, Linn. Chesham, Black Park ; not common

vetusta, Hb. Only noticed at Buckingham by Mr. Slade

Cucullia verbasci, Linn. Generally distributed, yet rarely seen in the moth state from its extraordinary resemblance when at rest to a bit of stick ; the larva plentiful and conspicuous upon Verbascum and Scrophularia

lychnitis, Ramb. The Rev. Bernard Smith recorded, in the year 1856, that he had reared one specimen at Marlow, but it is not stated clearly whether the larva from which this specimen was reared was found in this county ; on the other hand the notice (Weekly Intelligencer, i. 140) appears to refer only to species found in Bucks, and is mentioned along with Lophopteryx cucullina. Probably it was found on the flowers of Verbascum nigrum. Larvæ taken in some numbers by A. T. Goodson in 1901 on the borders of the county near Dancers End.

chamomillas, Schiff. Recorded only from Buckingham ; probably more widely distributed, its larva feeding on wild camomile in cornfields

umbratica, Linn. Chesham, High Wycombe, Buckingham, but probably also elsewhere ;

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/142


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/143

Rh the larva feeding upon sow-thistle ; the moth visiting flowers in gardens in the summer

Plusia chrysitis, Linn. (Burnished Brass Moth). Halton, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, Buckingham, High Wycombe ; probably generally distributed in lanes and gardens

pulchrina, Haw. ; v-aureum, Gn. Only noticed at Chesham and in the Chiltern district

iota, Linn. (Golden γ). Halton, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, Taplow, Buckingham, High Wycombe and the Chiltern district ; widely distributed, frequenting gardens and lanes

gamma, Linn. (Silver γ). Abundant everywhere, but the larva is by no means so common. There is reason to believe that vast migrations of this moth take place now and then from the continent

Habrostola urticae, Hb. ; tripartita, St.C. Buckingham, Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, Halton ; usually taken hovering at flowers, or its larva upon nettles triplasia, Linn. Buckingham, Halton, at flowers, often in gardens ; High Wycombe at the electric light

Heliodes arbuti, Fab. ; tenebrata, St.C. Halton, Buckingham ; common in the sunny corners of meadows

Erastria fuscula, Bkh.; fasciana, St.C. Taken near Chalfont St. Peter by the Rev. J. S. St. John

Bryophila perla, Fab. Generally common, sitting upon walls ; its larva feeding on the minute wall lichens at night, hiding itself in a chamber in an interstice in the wall by day

Phytometra ænea, Hb.; viridaria, St.C. Common at Halton and in the Chiltern district in rides of woods

Anarta myrtilli, Linn. Black Park ; taken flying swiftly over heather in the sunshine

Gonoptera libatrix, Linn. (Herald Moth). Generally distributed but not very common, hiding during the winter in houses or under roofs of outhouses

Catocala fraxini, Linn. (Clifden Beauty). The Rev. J. Greene refers to a rumour or statement that a specimen of this noble insect had been either captured or reared by Mr. W. E. Parsons of Aylesbury. This statement does not seem to have been confirmed or contradicted

nupta, Linn. (Red Underwing). Buckingham, Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham, High Wycombe, Black Park, about willows. This noble moth forms a great brown triangular figure as it sits on a tree trunk, or occasionally on a wall ; the development as it opens its brilliant red hind wings in flight is somewhat startling

Both these beautiful species were captured in Black Park by the late Mr. Samuel Stevens in the year 1 844, but neither appears to have been seen in the county since that date. Both abound in certain years in the New Forest, Hants

Euclidia glyphica, Linn. Widely distributed in flowery pastures and meadows and on railway embankments

mi, Clerck. Even more generally distributed in similar places

Aventia flexula, Schiff. Taken occasionally at Halton by the Rev. J. Greene, at Black Park by the late Mr. S. Stevens, and near Leckhampstead on the borders of Whittlebury Forest by the Rev. C. F. Thornewill. An uncommon species, usually found in old lichen-covered crab and thorn trees

Herminia barbalis, Linn. Black Park, Marlow ; in woods among sallow

grisealis, Hb. Amersham

Hypenodes albistrigalis, Gn. Marlow

costaestrigalis, Steph. Black Park. It is probable that both these small and insignificant looking species are frequently overlooked

Hypena rostralis, Linn. Marlow ; among hop

Brephos notha, Hb. The capture of a single specimen near Buckingham is recorded by Mr. W. Slade

Ourapteryx sambucata, Linn. (Swallow-tail Moth). This fine geometra moth is common throughout the county, and is very conspicuous as it flies wildly along hedges at dusk. Its larva often feeds on ivy

Angerona prunaria, Linn. (Orange Moth). Black Park, and also on the borders of Whittlebury Forest. A conspicuous and handsome species, its male dancing vigorously at dusk along the rides and through the openings of the woods ; its female flying later at night

Rumia cratasgata, Linn. ; luteolata, St.C. (Brimstone Moth). Abundant everywhere about hawthorn hedges

Venilia maculata, Linn. Chalfont St. Peter ; local, flying in woods in the sunshine

Cabera pusaria, Linn. This pretty snowy-white moth is common in woods among sallow and alder

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/143


text:
Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/144

Rh Cabera exanthemaria, Scop. Also generally common in woods

Bapta temerata, Schiff. Generally distributed in the borders of woods, but not abundant

taminata, SchifF.; bimaculata, St.C. Marlow, Chesham, Amersham, Chalfont St. Peter ; not usually common

Macaria liturata, Linn. Buckingham, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter ; common at Black Park ; among firs

Halia wavaria, Linn. Generally common in gardens, its larva often injurious to gooseberry and currant trees, devouring their leaves

Panagra petraria, Hb. Chalfont St. Peter ; common among brake-fern on open commons

Strenia clathrata, Linn. Chalfont St. Peter, Amersham, Chesham, Buckingham ; common in clover fields and on railway banks

Fidonia atomaria, Linn. Halton, Chesham, Black Park ; abundant on all heaths

piniaria, Linn. Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, Black Park, Whittlebury Forest ; common about Scotch fir trees

Numeria pulveraria, Linn. Chalfont St. Peter, Chesham ; in country lanes and hedges, as well as the borders of woods

Scodiona belgiaria, Hb. Taken at Chalfont St. Peter by the Rev. J. S. St. John

Eurymene dolobraria, Linn. Black Park, Chesham, Chalfont St. Peter, Halton. The Rev. J. Greene says : ' This beautiful species I used to take in plenty in the pupa state under moss on beech trees in the Beech Wood ; also occasionally on oaks; the larva enters the moss at the first convenient place, and in tearing it off (which must be done by hand, not with the trowel) great care must be taken in loosening the edge of the moss, for there the pupa is, I may say, invariably found '

Odontoptera bidentata, Linn. Generally distributed in wooded districts

Ennomos autumnaria, Wenb.; alniaria, St. M. The Rev. H. Harpur Crewe writes : ' Some three or four years since I bred a hopelessly crippled specimen from a larva which I beat out amongst a number of those of E. angularia, in Buckinghamshire. I at once detected a slight difference in its appearance and placed it by itself. It was on the point of laying up, and in a few days turned to a most singular mottled pupa. In about three weeks' time a crippled moth made its appearance. The wood inwhich I beat it consisted almost entirely of beech, but there were a few oaks, birches and maples, and as I had beaten them also, I cannot be certain what it had fed upon.' This species is not now the great rarity that it was at that time (1857), but it is almost confined to the extreme south coast, and is but occasionally met with even there

Ennomos alniaria, Linn.; tiliaria, St.M. Chesham, Buckingham, Halton, High Wycombe; larvæ beaten from poplar as well as alder

fuscantaria, Haw. Buckingham, High Wycombe, Halton, Marlow. The Rev. Bernard Smith wrote : ' I have bred seven specimens from the egg, all males a circumstance which has occurred in another instance known to me, and which seems to indicate that the female is really scarcer in this species.' Larva on ash

erosaria, Schiff. Chesham, High Wycombe, Black Park, Halton ; larva upon oak, not common

angularia, Schiff.; quercinaria, St.C. Chesham, Buckingham, Chalfont St. Peter, High Wycombe, the Chiltern district ; common at Halton

Crocallis elinguaria, Linn. Generally distributed ; often to be seen sitting flatly upon the grass or dead leaves under a hedge, and conspicuous

Himera pennaria, Linn. Generally distributed in woods, but rarely seen except when attracted by a strong light ; larva common on various trees

Selenia illustraria, Hb. ; tetralunaria, St.C. Halton, Black Park, Chesham, and the Chiltern district, but scarce

lunaria, Schiff. Chesham, Black Park

illunaria, Hb. ; bilunaria, St.C. Generally distributed

Pericallia syringaria, Linn. Black Park, Halton, Marlow, Chesham, Buckingham, Leckhampstead ; male and female very different, but each singularly beautiful

Epione apiciaria, Schiff. Chesham, Buckingham ; in damp places among sallow, but not common

Metrocampa margaritata, Linn. Generally common in woods among oak, sometimes abundant

Ellopia fasciaria, Linn. ; prosapiaria, St.C. Chesham, Black Park, among Scotch fir; not common here

Biston hirtarius, Linn. Halton, Buckingham ; not common

prodromarius, Schiff. ; stratarius, St.C. Chesham, Buckingham, Halton, about

title: Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/144