text:
Page:U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF THE BALKANS 9401000.pdf/8

{| class="__tabular" ALBANIA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, CROATIA, MACEDONIA, SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO, AND SLOVENIA: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES 1/ 2/
 * +TABLE 1--Continued

(Metric tons unless otherwise specified) See footnotes at end of table.
 * colspan=2|Country and commodity
 * 1996
 * 1997
 * 1998
 * 1999
 * 2000
 * colspan=2|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA--Continued e/ 6/
 * colspan=2|Metals--Continued:
 * colspan=2|Lead:
 * colspan=2|Mineral concentrator output:
 * colspan=2|Ore, gross weight (Pb-Zn ore)
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Pb content of ores
 * 200
 * 200
 * 200
 * 200
 * 200
 * colspan=2|Pb concentrate
 * 400
 * 400
 * 400
 * 400
 * 400
 * colspan=2|Metal, smelter, primary and secondary
 * 100
 * 100
 * 100
 * 100
 * 100
 * colspan=2|Manganese ore:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * colspan=2|Mn content
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * colspan=2|Zinc:
 * colspan=2|Zn content of Pb-Zn ore
 * 300
 * 300
 * 300
 * 300
 * 300
 * colspan=2|Concentrate output, gross weight
 * 600
 * 600
 * 600
 * 600
 * 600
 * colspan=2|Industrial minerals:
 * colspan=2|Asbestos, all kinds
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * colspan=2|Barite concentrate
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * colspan=2|Cement thousand tons
 * 150
 * 200
 * 300
 * 300
 * 300
 * colspan=2|Clays:
 * colspan=2|Bentonite
 * 800
 * 800
 * 800
 * 800
 * 800
 * colspan=2|Ceramic clay, crude
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * colspan=2|Kaolin:
 * colspan=2|Crude
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * colspan=2|Calcined
 * 1,500
 * 1,500
 * 1,500
 * 1,500
 * 1,500
 * colspan=2|Gypsum:
 * colspan=2|Crude
 * 30,000
 * 30,000
 * 30,000
 * 30,000
 * 30,000
 * colspan=2|Calcined
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * Lime
 * thousand tons
 * 50
 * 50
 * 50
 * 50
 * 50
 * colspan=2|Magnesite, crude
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * colspan=2|Nitrogen, N content of ammonia
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * colspan=2|Glass sand
 * 50,000
 * 50,000
 * 50,000
 * 50,000
 * 50,000
 * colspan=2|Salt, all sources
 * 50,000
 * 50,000
 * 50,000
 * 50,000
 * 50,000
 * Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand
 * thousand cubic meters
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * colspan=2|Sodium compounds:
 * colspan=2|Soda ash
 * 10,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Caustic soda
 * 10,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Sodium bicarbonate
 * 1,000
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * colspan=2|Stone, excluding quartz and quartzite, dimension, crude:
 * Ornamental
 * square meters
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * Other
 * cubic meters
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * Crushed and brown, n.e.s.
 * thousand cubic meters
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * Sulfur, byproduct of metallurgy
 * thousand tons
 * 1
 * 1
 * 1
 * 1
 * 1
 * colspan=2|Mineral fuels and related materials:
 * Brown coal and lignite
 * do.
 * 1,808
 * 7/
 * 1,810
 * 7/
 * 1,764
 * 7/
 * 1,800
 * 1,800
 * Petroleum refinery products
 * thousand 42-gallon barrels
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * colspan=2|CROATIA 6/
 * colspan=2|Metals:
 * colspan=2|Aluminum:
 * colspan=2|Metal, ingot, primary and secondary
 * 32,959
 * 17,800
 * 16,112
 * r/
 * 14,461
 * r/
 * 14,403
 * colspan=2|Alloys
 * 5,257
 * 3,354
 * 2,191
 * 843
 * 977
 * colspan=2|Semimanufactures (rolled)
 * 15,107
 * 21,166
 * 26,148
 * 29,465
 * 30,161
 * colspan=2|Iron and steel, metal:
 * colspan=2|Ferrochromium
 * 10,559
 * r/
 * 24,231
 * 11,861
 * r/
 * 15,753
 * colspan=2|Steel, crude, from electric furnaces
 * 45,752
 * 68,733
 * 104,854
 * 74,429
 * r/
 * 68,360
 * colspan=2|Industrial minerals:
 * colspan=2|Cement thousand tons
 * 1,842
 * 2,134
 * 2,294
 * 2,712
 * 2,852
 * colspan=2|Clays:
 * colspan=2|Bentonite
 * 9,728
 * 7,331
 * 7,581
 * 8,441
 * 10,013
 * colspan=2|Ceramic clay
 * 10,000
 * e/
 * 10,000
 * e/
 * 5,022
 * 6,000
 * 6,100
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Fire clay, crude e/
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,500
 * }
 * 50,000
 * 50,000
 * 50,000
 * 50,000
 * Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand
 * thousand cubic meters
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * colspan=2|Sodium compounds:
 * colspan=2|Soda ash
 * 10,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Caustic soda
 * 10,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Sodium bicarbonate
 * 1,000
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * colspan=2|Stone, excluding quartz and quartzite, dimension, crude:
 * Ornamental
 * square meters
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * Other
 * cubic meters
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * Crushed and brown, n.e.s.
 * thousand cubic meters
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * Sulfur, byproduct of metallurgy
 * thousand tons
 * 1
 * 1
 * 1
 * 1
 * 1
 * colspan=2|Mineral fuels and related materials:
 * Brown coal and lignite
 * do.
 * 1,808
 * 7/
 * 1,810
 * 7/
 * 1,764
 * 7/
 * 1,800
 * 1,800
 * Petroleum refinery products
 * thousand 42-gallon barrels
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * 500
 * colspan=2|CROATIA 6/
 * colspan=2|Metals:
 * colspan=2|Aluminum:
 * colspan=2|Metal, ingot, primary and secondary
 * 32,959
 * 17,800
 * 16,112
 * r/
 * 14,461
 * r/
 * 14,403
 * colspan=2|Alloys
 * 5,257
 * 3,354
 * 2,191
 * 843
 * 977
 * colspan=2|Semimanufactures (rolled)
 * 15,107
 * 21,166
 * 26,148
 * 29,465
 * 30,161
 * colspan=2|Iron and steel, metal:
 * colspan=2|Ferrochromium
 * 10,559
 * r/
 * 24,231
 * 11,861
 * r/
 * 15,753
 * colspan=2|Steel, crude, from electric furnaces
 * 45,752
 * 68,733
 * 104,854
 * 74,429
 * r/
 * 68,360
 * colspan=2|Industrial minerals:
 * colspan=2|Cement thousand tons
 * 1,842
 * 2,134
 * 2,294
 * 2,712
 * 2,852
 * colspan=2|Clays:
 * colspan=2|Bentonite
 * 9,728
 * 7,331
 * 7,581
 * 8,441
 * 10,013
 * colspan=2|Ceramic clay
 * 10,000
 * e/
 * 10,000
 * e/
 * 5,022
 * 6,000
 * 6,100
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Fire clay, crude e/
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,500
 * }
 * colspan=2|Aluminum:
 * colspan=2|Metal, ingot, primary and secondary
 * 32,959
 * 17,800
 * 16,112
 * r/
 * 14,461
 * r/
 * 14,403
 * colspan=2|Alloys
 * 5,257
 * 3,354
 * 2,191
 * 843
 * 977
 * colspan=2|Semimanufactures (rolled)
 * 15,107
 * 21,166
 * 26,148
 * 29,465
 * 30,161
 * colspan=2|Iron and steel, metal:
 * colspan=2|Ferrochromium
 * 10,559
 * r/
 * 24,231
 * 11,861
 * r/
 * 15,753
 * colspan=2|Steel, crude, from electric furnaces
 * 45,752
 * 68,733
 * 104,854
 * 74,429
 * r/
 * 68,360
 * colspan=2|Industrial minerals:
 * colspan=2|Cement thousand tons
 * 1,842
 * 2,134
 * 2,294
 * 2,712
 * 2,852
 * colspan=2|Clays:
 * colspan=2|Bentonite
 * 9,728
 * 7,331
 * 7,581
 * 8,441
 * 10,013
 * colspan=2|Ceramic clay
 * 10,000
 * e/
 * 10,000
 * e/
 * 5,022
 * 6,000
 * 6,100
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Fire clay, crude e/
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,500
 * }
 * 1,842
 * 2,134
 * 2,294
 * 2,712
 * 2,852
 * colspan=2|Clays:
 * colspan=2|Bentonite
 * 9,728
 * 7,331
 * 7,581
 * 8,441
 * 10,013
 * colspan=2|Ceramic clay
 * 10,000
 * e/
 * 10,000
 * e/
 * 5,022
 * 6,000
 * 6,100
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Fire clay, crude e/
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,500
 * }
 * 10,000
 * e/
 * 5,022
 * 6,000
 * 6,100
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Fire clay, crude e/
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,500
 * }
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,500
 * }
 * 5,500
 * }
 * }
 * }


text:
Page:U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF THE BALKANS 9401000.pdf/9

{|class="__tabular" ALBANIA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, CROATIA, MACEDONIA, SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO, AND SLOVENIA: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES 1/ 2/
 * +TABLE 1--Continued

(Metric tons unless otherwise specified) See footnotes at end of table.
 * Country and commodity
 * 1996
 * 1997
 * 1998
 * 1999
 * 2000
 * colspan=2|CROATIA--Continued 6/
 * colspan=2|Industrial minerals--Continued:
 * colspan=2|Gypsum:
 * colspan=2|Crude
 * 86,060
 * 102,470
 * 107,800
 * r/
 * 137,991
 * 150,765
 * colspan=2|Calcined
 * 1,260
 * 1,259
 * 1,236
 * 1,176
 * colspan=2|Lime thousand tons
 * 192
 * 208
 * 216
 * 198
 * 220
 * colspan=2|Nitrogen, N content of ammonia do.
 * 307
 * 331
 * 248
 * 306
 * r/
 * 328
 * colspan=2|Pumice and related materials, volcanic tuff do.
 * 64
 * 63
 * 38
 * 55
 * 38
 * colspan=2|Quartz, quartzite, glass sand
 * 43,508
 * 97,563
 * 112,018
 * r/
 * 99,078
 * r/
 * 95,636
 * colspan=2|Salt, all sources
 * 18,820
 * 16,620
 * 24,050
 * r/
 * 18,373
 * r/
 * 33,668
 * colspan=2|Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand thousand cubic meters
 * 1,401
 * 3,853
 * 4,316
 * 3,644
 * 3,480
 * colspan=2|Stone, excluding quartz and quartzite, dimension, crude:
 * colspan=2|Ornamental square meters
 * 1,029,437
 * 1,130,728
 * 1,133,405
 * 1,457,334
 * r/
 * 608,707
 * colspan=2|Crushed and brown, n.e.s. thousand cubic meters
 * 9,099
 * 10,520
 * 11,459
 * 11,871
 * 11,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Other e/ cubic meters
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 25,000
 * colspan=2|Sulfur, byproduct of metallurgy e/
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * colspan=2|Mineral fuels and related materials:
 * colspan=2|Carbon, black
 * 26,735
 * 24,124
 * 22,165
 * 17,589
 * 20,029
 * colspan=2|Coal, bituminous thousand tons
 * 64
 * 49
 * 51
 * 15
 * r/
 * colspan=2|Gas, natural, gross production million cubic meters
 * 1,786
 * 1,717
 * 1,570
 * 1,567
 * 1,768
 * Petroleum:
 * As reported thousand tons
 * 1,469
 * 1,496
 * 1,535
 * r/
 * 1,618
 * r/
 * colspan=2|Converted e/ thousand 42-gallon barrels
 * 11,000
 * 11,000
 * 10,400
 * 9,600
 * 10,300
 * colspan=2|Refinery products
 * 4,731,974
 * 5,056,289
 * 5,053,000
 * 5,438,000
 * 5,700,000
 * colspan=2|MACEDONIA e/ 6/
 * colspan=2|Metals:
 * colspan=2|Aluminum, metal, ingot, primary and secondary
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * 5,850
 * 7/
 * 5,000
 * 4,500
 * colspan=2|Cadmium, smelter output kilograms
 * 85
 * 4/
 * 50
 * /r
 * 50
 * r/
 * 50
 * r/
 * 50
 * colspan=2|Chromite:
 * colspan=2|Ore, gross weight
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Concentrate (produced largely from imported ores)
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * colspan=2|Copper, mine and concentrate output:
 * colspan=2|Ore:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight thousand tons
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * colspan=2|Cu content
 * 8,484
 * 4/
 * 8,000
 * 9,100
 * 10,000
 * r/
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Concentrate:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * colspan=2|Cu content
 * 13,500
 * 13,000
 * 9,100
 * 9,000
 * 9,000
 * Gold
 * kilograms
 * 752
 * 4/
 * 650
 * 700
 * 750
 * r/
 * 750
 * colspan=2|Iron and steel:
 * colspan=2|Iron ore:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * colspan=2|Fe content of ore
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * colspan=2|Concentrate
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * colspan=2|Pellets
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Agglomerate
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Metal:
 * colspan=2|Ferroalloys:
 * colspan=2|Ferrochromium, low C
 * 3,780
 * 7/
 * 460
 * 7/
 * /7
 * 7/
 * colspan=2|Ferronickel (38% Ni), gross weight
 * 7,900
 * 7,900
 * 9,500
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Ferrosilicon
 * 57,220
 * 55,000
 * 96,700
 * 63,000
 * 65,000
 * colspan=2|Silicon
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * r/
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 69,900
 * 64,400
 * 107,200
 * r/ 7/
 * 68,000
 * r/ 7/
 * 65,000
 * colspan=2|Steel, crude
 * 27,000
 * 30,000
 * -- 7/
 * colspan=2|Semimanufactures, hot rolled plate
 * 109,000
 * r/ 7/
 * 183,700
 * r/ 7/
 * 251,081
 * 159,643
 * r/ 7/
 * 244,044
 * 7/
 * colspan=2|Lead:
 * colspan=2|Mine output:
 * colspan=2|Ore, gross weight (Pb-Zn ore)
 * 846,244
 * 7/
 * 850,000
 * 867,182
 * 7/
 * 670,000
 * 850,000
 * colspan=2|Pb content
 * 27,000
 * 28,000
 * 26,000
 * 26,000
 * 7/
 * 25,000
 * colspan=2|Concentrate, gross weight
 * 16,885
 * 7/
 * 17,000
 * 14,328
 * 7/
 * 12,300
 * r/ 7/
 * 16,500
 * colspan=2|Gross weight thousand tons
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * 2,000
 * colspan=2|Cu content
 * 8,484
 * 4/
 * 8,000
 * 9,100
 * 10,000
 * r/
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Concentrate:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * colspan=2|Cu content
 * 13,500
 * 13,000
 * 9,100
 * 9,000
 * 9,000
 * Gold
 * kilograms
 * 752
 * 4/
 * 650
 * 700
 * 750
 * r/
 * 750
 * colspan=2|Iron and steel:
 * colspan=2|Iron ore:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * colspan=2|Fe content of ore
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * colspan=2|Concentrate
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * colspan=2|Pellets
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Agglomerate
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Metal:
 * colspan=2|Ferroalloys:
 * colspan=2|Ferrochromium, low C
 * 3,780
 * 7/
 * 460
 * 7/
 * /7
 * 7/
 * colspan=2|Ferronickel (38% Ni), gross weight
 * 7,900
 * 7,900
 * 9,500
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Ferrosilicon
 * 57,220
 * 55,000
 * 96,700
 * 63,000
 * 65,000
 * colspan=2|Silicon
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * r/
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 69,900
 * 64,400
 * 107,200
 * r/ 7/
 * 68,000
 * r/ 7/
 * 65,000
 * colspan=2|Steel, crude
 * 27,000
 * 30,000
 * -- 7/
 * colspan=2|Semimanufactures, hot rolled plate
 * 109,000
 * r/ 7/
 * 183,700
 * r/ 7/
 * 251,081
 * 159,643
 * r/ 7/
 * 244,044
 * 7/
 * colspan=2|Lead:
 * colspan=2|Mine output:
 * colspan=2|Ore, gross weight (Pb-Zn ore)
 * 846,244
 * 7/
 * 850,000
 * 867,182
 * 7/
 * 670,000
 * 850,000
 * colspan=2|Pb content
 * 27,000
 * 28,000
 * 26,000
 * 26,000
 * 7/
 * 25,000
 * colspan=2|Concentrate, gross weight
 * 16,885
 * 7/
 * 17,000
 * 14,328
 * 7/
 * 12,300
 * r/ 7/
 * 16,500
 * colspan=2|Ferronickel (38% Ni), gross weight
 * 7,900
 * 7,900
 * 9,500
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Ferrosilicon
 * 57,220
 * 55,000
 * 96,700
 * 63,000
 * 65,000
 * colspan=2|Silicon
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * 1,000
 * r/
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 69,900
 * 64,400
 * 107,200
 * r/ 7/
 * 68,000
 * r/ 7/
 * 65,000
 * colspan=2|Steel, crude
 * 27,000
 * 30,000
 * -- 7/
 * colspan=2|Semimanufactures, hot rolled plate
 * 109,000
 * r/ 7/
 * 183,700
 * r/ 7/
 * 251,081
 * 159,643
 * r/ 7/
 * 244,044
 * 7/
 * colspan=2|Lead:
 * colspan=2|Mine output:
 * colspan=2|Ore, gross weight (Pb-Zn ore)
 * 846,244
 * 7/
 * 850,000
 * 867,182
 * 7/
 * 670,000
 * 850,000
 * colspan=2|Pb content
 * 27,000
 * 28,000
 * 26,000
 * 26,000
 * 7/
 * 25,000
 * colspan=2|Concentrate, gross weight
 * 16,885
 * 7/
 * 17,000
 * 14,328
 * 7/
 * 12,300
 * r/ 7/
 * 16,500
 * 109,000
 * r/ 7/
 * 183,700
 * r/ 7/
 * 251,081
 * 159,643
 * r/ 7/
 * 244,044
 * 7/
 * colspan=2|Lead:
 * colspan=2|Mine output:
 * colspan=2|Ore, gross weight (Pb-Zn ore)
 * 846,244
 * 7/
 * 850,000
 * 867,182
 * 7/
 * 670,000
 * 850,000
 * colspan=2|Pb content
 * 27,000
 * 28,000
 * 26,000
 * 26,000
 * 7/
 * 25,000
 * colspan=2|Concentrate, gross weight
 * 16,885
 * 7/
 * 17,000
 * 14,328
 * 7/
 * 12,300
 * r/ 7/
 * 16,500
 * 7/
 * 25,000
 * colspan=2|Concentrate, gross weight
 * 16,885
 * 7/
 * 17,000
 * 14,328
 * 7/
 * 12,300
 * r/ 7/
 * 16,500
 * 12,300
 * r/ 7/
 * 16,500
 * }

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Weird Tales/Volume 31/Issue 3/Incense of Abomination


text:
Page:U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF THE BALKANS 9401000.pdf/10

{| ALBANIA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, CROATIA, MACEDONIA, SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO, AND SLOVENIA: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES 1/ 2/
 * +TABLE 1--Continued

(Metric tons unless otherwise specified)
 * Country and commodity
 * 1996
 * 1997
 * 1998
 * 1999
 * 2000
 * colspan=2|MACEDONIA--Continued e/ 6/
 * colspan=2|Metals--Continued:
 * colspan=2|Lead--Continued:
 * colspan=2|Primary and secondary:
 * colspan=2|Smelter
 * 23,000
 * r/
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * 20,000
 * colspan=2|Refined
 * 23,600
 * r/
 * 26,046
 * r/ 7/
 * 28,415
 * 7/
 * 19,738
 * r/ 7/
 * 22,900
 * colspan=2|Nickel, metal, Ni content of FeNi
 * 3,000
 * 5,300
 * 5,800
 * 1,900
 * 7/
 * colspan=2|Silver kilograms
 * 20,025
 * r/ 7/
 * 18,760
 * r/ 7/
 * 20,000
 * 22,000
 * r/
 * 20,000
 * 19,738
 * r/ 7/
 * 22,900
 * colspan=2|Nickel, metal, Ni content of FeNi
 * 3,000
 * 5,300
 * 5,800
 * 1,900
 * 7/
 * colspan=2|Silver kilograms
 * 20,025
 * r/ 7/
 * 18,760
 * r/ 7/
 * 20,000
 * 22,000
 * r/
 * 20,000
 * 20,025
 * r/ 7/
 * 18,760
 * r/ 7/
 * 20,000
 * 22,000
 * r/
 * 20,000
 * 20,000

 * colspan=2|Zinc:
 * colspan=2|Concentrate
 * 15,017
 * 7/
 * 15,800
 * r/
 * 14,328
 * 7/
 * 8,000
 * 12,200
 * colspan=2|Metal, refined, primary and secondary:
 * colspan=2|Smelter
 * 7,000
 * 7,000
 * 7,000
 * 7,000
 * 7,000
 * colspan=2|Electrolytic
 * 38,000
 * 53,000
 * 57,162
 * 7/
 * 48,000
 * 7/
 * 62,800
 * colspan=2|Industrial minerals:
 * colspan=2|Cement thousand tons
 * 491
 * 7/
 * 500
 * 7/
 * 461
 * 7/
 * 520
 * 7/
 * 585
 * colspan=2|Clays, bentonite
 * 30,000
 * 30,000
 * 30,000
 * 30,000
 * 30,000
 * colspan=2|Diatomite
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Feldspar
 * 8,137
 * 7/
 * 11,000
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Gypsum:
 * colspan=2|Crude
 * 25,000
 * 25,000
 * 25,000
 * 25,000
 * 25,000
 * colspan=2|Calcined
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Lime
 * 20,000
 * 10,000
 * 924
 * 7/
 * 1,000
 * colspan=2|Pumice and related materials, volcanic tuff
 * 75,000
 * 100,000
 * 100,000
 * 150,000
 * 150,000
 * Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand
 * thousand cubic meters
 * 130
 * 130
 * 130
 * 150
 * r/
 * 150
 * 11,000
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Gypsum:
 * colspan=2|Crude
 * 25,000
 * 25,000
 * 25,000
 * 25,000
 * 25,000
 * colspan=2|Calcined
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Lime
 * 20,000
 * 10,000
 * 924
 * 7/
 * 1,000
 * colspan=2|Pumice and related materials, volcanic tuff
 * 75,000
 * 100,000
 * 100,000
 * 150,000
 * 150,000
 * Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand
 * thousand cubic meters
 * 130
 * 130
 * 130
 * 150
 * r/
 * 150
 * 924
 * 7/
 * 1,000
 * colspan=2|Pumice and related materials, volcanic tuff
 * 75,000
 * 100,000
 * 100,000
 * 150,000
 * 150,000
 * Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand
 * thousand cubic meters
 * 130
 * 130
 * 130
 * 150
 * r/
 * 150
 * 150,000
 * Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand
 * thousand cubic meters
 * 130
 * 130
 * 130
 * 150
 * r/
 * 150
 * 130
 * 150
 * r/
 * 150
 * 150

See footnotes at end of table.
 * colspan=2|Stone, excluding quartz and quartzite, dimension, crude:
 * Ornamental
 * square meters
 * 186,783
 * 7/
 * 190,000
 * 190,000
 * 200,000
 * r/
 * 200,000
 * Crushed and brown, n.e.s.
 * thousand cubic meters
 * 400
 * 400
 * 400
 * 400
 * 400
 * Other
 * cubic meters
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * Sulfur, byproduct of metallurgy
 * thousand tons
 * 6
 * 6
 * 6
 * 6
 * 6
 * colspan=2|Talc:
 * colspan=2|Crude
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 9,000
 * r/
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Washed
 * 7,000
 * 7,000
 * 7,000
 * 7,000
 * 7,000
 * colspan=2|Mineral fuels and related materials:
 * Coal, lignite
 * thousand tons
 * 7,887
 * 7/
 * 7,165
 * 7/
 * 7,500
 * 7,500
 * 7,000
 * Petroleum refinery products
 * thousand 42-gallon barrels
 * 6,000
 * 6,000
 * 6,000
 * 6,000
 * 6,000
 * colspan=2|SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO 8/
 * colspan=2|Metals:
 * colspan=2|Aluminum:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight:
 * colspan=2|Alumina, calcined
 * 186,354
 * 160,000
 * 152,619
 * 156,012
 * 185,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Bauxite
 * 323,000
 * 470,000
 * 226,000
 * 500,000
 * 630,000
 * colspan=2|Metal ingot, primary and secondary
 * 37,346
 * 65,743
 * 60,090
 * 72,505
 * 88,151
 * colspan=2|Antimony, metal
 * (9/)
 * colspan=2|Bismuth, metal kilograms
 * 21
 * 20
 * e/
 * 430
 * colspan=2|Cadmium do.
 * 79,195
 * 80,000
 * e/
 * 17,320
 * colspan=2|Copper:
 * colspan=2|Mine and concentrator output:
 * colspan=2|Ore:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight thousand tons
 * 20,026
 * 20,507
 * 19,939
 * 15,975
 * 12,896
 * colspan=2|Cu content
 * 82,526
 * 82,500
 * 84,627
 * 62,777
 * 52,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Concentrate:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight
 * 337,861
 * 361,000
 * 372,103
 * 272,172
 * 200,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Cu content
 * 69,500
 * 73,600
 * 70,900
 * e/
 * 51,700
 * 41,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Metal, primary:
 * colspan=2|Blister and anodes:
 * colspan=2|Primary
 * 59,940
 * 59,000
 * e/
 * 101,000
 * 54,000
 * 45,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Remelted
 * 65,287
 * 60,000
 * e/
 * 101,925
 * 49,782
 * 45,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 125,227
 * 119,000
 * e/
 * 202,925
 * 103,782
 * 90,000
 * colspan=2|Refined:
 * colspan=2|Primary
 * 59,940
 * 70,534
 * 54,000
 * 48,000
 * 45,632
 * colspan=2|Remelted
 * 44,060
 * 43,000
 * 40,396
 * 1,902
 * 40,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 104,000
 * 113,534
 * 94,396
 * 49,902
 * 85,600
 * e/
 * }
 * colspan=2|Cadmium do.
 * 79,195
 * 80,000
 * e/
 * 17,320
 * colspan=2|Copper:
 * colspan=2|Mine and concentrator output:
 * colspan=2|Ore:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight thousand tons
 * 20,026
 * 20,507
 * 19,939
 * 15,975
 * 12,896
 * colspan=2|Cu content
 * 82,526
 * 82,500
 * 84,627
 * 62,777
 * 52,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Concentrate:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight
 * 337,861
 * 361,000
 * 372,103
 * 272,172
 * 200,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Cu content
 * 69,500
 * 73,600
 * 70,900
 * e/
 * 51,700
 * 41,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Metal, primary:
 * colspan=2|Blister and anodes:
 * colspan=2|Primary
 * 59,940
 * 59,000
 * e/
 * 101,000
 * 54,000
 * 45,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Remelted
 * 65,287
 * 60,000
 * e/
 * 101,925
 * 49,782
 * 45,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 125,227
 * 119,000
 * e/
 * 202,925
 * 103,782
 * 90,000
 * colspan=2|Refined:
 * colspan=2|Primary
 * 59,940
 * 70,534
 * 54,000
 * 48,000
 * 45,632
 * colspan=2|Remelted
 * 44,060
 * 43,000
 * 40,396
 * 1,902
 * 40,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 104,000
 * 113,534
 * 94,396
 * 49,902
 * 85,600
 * e/
 * }
 * colspan=2|Remelted
 * 65,287
 * 60,000
 * e/
 * 101,925
 * 49,782
 * 45,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 125,227
 * 119,000
 * e/
 * 202,925
 * 103,782
 * 90,000
 * colspan=2|Refined:
 * colspan=2|Primary
 * 59,940
 * 70,534
 * 54,000
 * 48,000
 * 45,632
 * colspan=2|Remelted
 * 44,060
 * 43,000
 * 40,396
 * 1,902
 * 40,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 104,000
 * 113,534
 * 94,396
 * 49,902
 * 85,600
 * e/
 * }
 * colspan=2|Remelted
 * 44,060
 * 43,000
 * 40,396
 * 1,902
 * 40,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 104,000
 * 113,534
 * 94,396
 * 49,902
 * 85,600
 * e/
 * }
 * 104,000
 * 113,534
 * 94,396
 * 49,902
 * 85,600
 * e/
 * }
 * 85,600
 * e/
 * }
 * }


text:
Page:U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF THE BALKANS 9401000.pdf/11

{| ALBANIA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, CROATIA, MACEDONIA, SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO, AND SLOVENIA: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES 1/ 2/
 * +TABLE 1—Continued

(Metric tons unless otherwise specified) agglomerate ||
 * Country and commodity
 * 1996
 * 1997
 * 1998
 * 1999
 * 2000
 * colspan=2|SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO—Continued 8/
 * colspan=2|Metals—Continued:
 * Gold, refined
 * kilograms
 * colspan=2|Iron and steel:
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * 2,684
 * 1,260
 * 1,300
 * colspan=2|Ore and concentrate,
 * Gold, refined
 * kilograms
 * colspan=2|Iron and steel:
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * 2,684
 * 1,260
 * 1,300
 * colspan=2|Ore and concentrate,
 * 2,684
 * 1,260
 * 1,300
 * colspan=2|Ore and concentrate,
 * 1,300
 * colspan=2|Ore and concentrate,
 * colspan=2|Ore and concentrate,
 * colspan=2|Ore and concentrate,
 * 50,000
 * e/
 * 25,000
 * 5,125
 * 2,088
 * 2,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Metal:
 * colspan=2|Ferroalloys, ferronickel
 * 6,501
 * 6,500
 * e/
 * 1,215
 * colspan=2|Pig iron
 * 535,000
 * 907,000
 * 825,916
 * 134,882
 * 563,000
 * colspan=2|Crude steel
 * 679,000
 * 979,000
 * 948,314
 * 226,240
 * 682,000
 * colspan=2|Semimanufactures
 * 860,000
 * 1,460,000
 * 1,740,000
 * 296,300
 * 739,000
 * colspan=2|Lead:
 * colspan=2|Mine and concentrator output:
 * colspan=2|Ore:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight (Pb-Zn ore)
 * 856,468
 * 1,049,000
 * 1,248,852
 * 348,605
 * 602,000
 * colspan=2|Pb content
 * 22,327
 * 27,000
 * e/
 * 24,750
 * 4,553
 * 12,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Concentrate:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight
 * 29,009
 * 31,000
 * e/
 * 32,691
 * 6,536
 * 25,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Pb content
 * 10,000
 * 11,000
 * 12,000
 * 3,200
 * 9,000
 * colspan=2|Metal, primary and secondary:
 * colspan=2|Smelter
 * 44,600
 * 41,000
 * 35,576
 * 9,000
 * r/
 * 18,000
 * colspan=2|Refined
 * 30,317
 * 23,632
 * 23,756
 * 3,690
 * 1,242
 * colspan=2|Magnesium, metal
 * 2,500
 * e/
 * 2,500
 * r/ e/
 * 3,965
 * 1,203
 * 24,750
 * 4,553
 * 12,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Concentrate:
 * colspan=2|Gross weight
 * 29,009
 * 31,000
 * e/
 * 32,691
 * 6,536
 * 25,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Pb content
 * 10,000
 * 11,000
 * 12,000
 * 3,200
 * 9,000
 * colspan=2|Metal, primary and secondary:
 * colspan=2|Smelter
 * 44,600
 * 41,000
 * 35,576
 * 9,000
 * r/
 * 18,000
 * colspan=2|Refined
 * 30,317
 * 23,632
 * 23,756
 * 3,690
 * 1,242
 * colspan=2|Magnesium, metal
 * 2,500
 * e/
 * 2,500
 * r/ e/
 * 3,965
 * 1,203
 * 35,576
 * 9,000
 * r/
 * 18,000
 * colspan=2|Refined
 * 30,317
 * 23,632
 * 23,756
 * 3,690
 * 1,242
 * colspan=2|Magnesium, metal
 * 2,500
 * e/
 * 2,500
 * r/ e/
 * 3,965
 * 1,203
 * colspan=2|Magnesium, metal
 * 2,500
 * e/
 * 2,500
 * r/ e/
 * 3,965
 * 1,203
 * 3,965
 * 1,203
 * 1,203
 * 1,200
 * colspan=2|Nickel, metal, Ni content of FeNi
 * 2,556
 * 2,440
 * 466
 * colspan=2|Platinum-group metals:
 * Palladium
 * kilograms
 * 56
 * 55
 * e/
 * 54
 * 21
 * 21
 * e/
 * Platinum
 * do.
 * 3
 * 3
 * e/
 * 3
 * 3
 * 3
 * e/
 * Selenium
 * do.
 * 37,840
 * 38,000
 * e/
 * 40,866
 * 20,080
 * 20,000
 * e/
 * Silver
 * do.
 * 68,805
 * 42,640
 * 34,474
 * 7,643
 * r/
 * 7,645
 * colspan=2|Zinc:
 * colspan=2|Zn content:
 * colspan=2|Pb-Zn ore
 * 21,765
 * 25,000
 * e/
 * 20,285
 * 4,329
 * 12,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Concentrate
 * 12,000
 * 13,000
 * 14,000
 * 5,000
 * e/
 * 11,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Concentrator output, gross weight
 * 37,012
 * 35,000
 * e/
 * 40,530
 * 10,286
 * 23,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Refined
 * 29,954
 * 29,454
 * 14,415
 * 683
 * r/
 * 8,291
 * colspan=2|Industrial minerals:
 * colspan=2|Asbestos, all kinds
 * 509
 * 765
 * 1,452
 * 361
 * 563
 * colspan=2|Cement thousand tons
 * 2,205
 * 2,011
 * 2,253
 * 1,575
 * 2,117
 * colspan=2|Clays:
 * colspan=2|Bentonite
 * 95
 * 100
 * e/
 * 68
 * 77
 * 75
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Ceramic clay
 * 36,021
 * 35,000
 * e/
 * 40,033
 * 29,420
 * 30,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Fire clay:
 * colspan=2|Crude
 * 43,053
 * 51,000
 * 45,319
 * 25,766
 * 30,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Calcined e/
 * 8,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 4,000
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Kaolin:
 * colspan=2|Crude
 * 60,000
 * e/
 * 60,000
 * e/
 * 75,092
 * 40,321
 * 40,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Washed e/
 * 6,000
 * 6,000
 * 6,000
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * colspan=2|Feldspar, crude
 * 4,801
 * 4,880
 * 4,280
 * 3,453
 * 3,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Gypsum, crude
 * 44,257
 * 32,124
 * 27,778
 * 33,962
 * 30,000
 * e/
 * Lime
 * thousand tons
 * 456
 * 460
 * 480
 * 381
 * 497
 * colspan=2|Magnesite:
 * Crude
 * do.
 * 89
 * 98
 * 949
 * 31
 * 40
 * colspan=2|Caustic calcined
 * 10,601
 * 6,327
 * 7,044
 * 2,000
 * 3,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Mica, all grades
 * 200
 * e/
 * 200
 * e/
 * 247
 * 229
 * 230
 * colspan=2|Nitrogen, N content of ammonia
 * 235,070
 * 235,000
 * 166,152
 * 75,788
 * 150,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Pumice and related materials, volcanic tuff
 * 120,135
 * 120,000
 * e/
 * 120,000
 * 50,000
 * 120,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Quartz sand thousand tons
 * 361
 * 366
 * 353
 * 253
 * 418
 * colspan=2|Salt, all sources
 * 21,646
 * 28,000
 * 78,148
 * 63,834
 * 78,277
 * colspan=2|Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand thousand cubic meters
 * 3,291
 * 2,351
 * 3,060
 * 2,006
 * 2,000
 * colspan=2|Sodium compounds:
 * colspan=2|Caustic soda
 * 20,214
 * 64,713
 * 63,344
 * 13,720
 * 7,415
 * colspan=2|Sodium sulfate
 * 7,000
 * e/
 * 5,000
 * 1,896
 * 1,321
 * 800
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * 4,880
 * 4,280
 * 3,453
 * 3,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Gypsum, crude
 * 44,257
 * 32,124
 * 27,778
 * 33,962
 * 30,000
 * e/
 * Lime
 * thousand tons
 * 456
 * 460
 * 480
 * 381
 * 497
 * colspan=2|Magnesite:
 * Crude
 * do.
 * 89
 * 98
 * 949
 * 31
 * 40
 * colspan=2|Caustic calcined
 * 10,601
 * 6,327
 * 7,044
 * 2,000
 * 3,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Mica, all grades
 * 200
 * e/
 * 200
 * e/
 * 247
 * 229
 * 230
 * colspan=2|Nitrogen, N content of ammonia
 * 235,070
 * 235,000
 * 166,152
 * 75,788
 * 150,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Pumice and related materials, volcanic tuff
 * 120,135
 * 120,000
 * e/
 * 120,000
 * 50,000
 * 120,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Quartz sand thousand tons
 * 361
 * 366
 * 353
 * 253
 * 418
 * colspan=2|Salt, all sources
 * 21,646
 * 28,000
 * 78,148
 * 63,834
 * 78,277
 * colspan=2|Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand thousand cubic meters
 * 3,291
 * 2,351
 * 3,060
 * 2,006
 * 2,000
 * colspan=2|Sodium compounds:
 * colspan=2|Caustic soda
 * 20,214
 * 64,713
 * 63,344
 * 13,720
 * 7,415
 * colspan=2|Sodium sulfate
 * 7,000
 * e/
 * 5,000
 * 1,896
 * 1,321
 * 800
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * 50,000
 * 120,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Quartz sand thousand tons
 * 361
 * 366
 * 353
 * 253
 * 418
 * colspan=2|Salt, all sources
 * 21,646
 * 28,000
 * 78,148
 * 63,834
 * 78,277
 * colspan=2|Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand thousand cubic meters
 * 3,291
 * 2,351
 * 3,060
 * 2,006
 * 2,000
 * colspan=2|Sodium compounds:
 * colspan=2|Caustic soda
 * 20,214
 * 64,713
 * 63,344
 * 13,720
 * 7,415
 * colspan=2|Sodium sulfate
 * 7,000
 * e/
 * 5,000
 * 1,896
 * 1,321
 * 800
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * 2,000
 * colspan=2|Sodium compounds:
 * colspan=2|Caustic soda
 * 20,214
 * 64,713
 * 63,344
 * 13,720
 * 7,415
 * colspan=2|Sodium sulfate
 * 7,000
 * e/
 * 5,000
 * 1,896
 * 1,321
 * 800
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * 7,000
 * e/
 * 5,000
 * 1,896
 * 1,321
 * 800
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * }


text: United States Statutes at Large/Volume 9/29th Congress/2nd Session/Chapter 61


text:
Page:U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF THE BALKANS 9401000.pdf/12

{| ALBANIA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, CROATIA, MACEDONIA, SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO, AND SLOVENIA: PRODUCTION OF MINERAL COMMODITIES 1/ 2/
 * +TABLE 1—Continued

(Metric tons unless otherwise specified)
 * Country and commodity
 * 1996
 * 1997
 * 1998
 * 1999
 * 2000
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|Industrial minerals— Continued:
 * colspan=2|Stone, excluding quartz and quartzite, dimension, crude:
 * Ornamental
 * square meters
 * 219,000
 * 206,000
 * 258,000
 * 182,000
 * 20,000
 * e/
 * Crushed and brown, n.e.s.
 * thousand cubic meters
 * 2,263
 * 2,665
 * 3,085
 * 1,937
 * 3,000
 * e/
 * Other, stone blocks
 * cubic meters
 * 12,196
 * 9,817
 * 1,630
 * 786
 * 1,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Sulfur, byproduct: e/
 * Metallurgy
 * thousand tons
 * 110
 * 100
 * 100
 * 100
 * 100
 * Petroleum
 * do.
 * 1
 * 1
 * 1
 * 1
 * 1
 * Total
 * do.
 * 111
 * 101
 * 101
 * 101
 * 101
 * colspan=2|Mineral fuels and related materials:
 * colspan=2|Coal:
 * Bituminous
 * thousand tons
 * 63
 * 92
 * 105
 * 49
 * 88
 * Brown
 * do.
 * 539
 * 512
 * 390
 * 413
 * 398
 * Lignite
 * do.
 * 37,828
 * 42,313
 * 43,577
 * 30,967
 * 33,638
 * Total
 * do.
 * 38,430
 * 42,917
 * 44,072
 * 31,429
 * 34,124
 * Gas, natural, gross production
 * million cubic meters
 * 671
 * 688
 * 731
 * r/
 * 679
 * r/
 * 729
 * colspan=2|Petroleum:
 * colspan=2|Crude:
 * Gross weight
 * thousand tons
 * 1,030
 * 979
 * 913
 * 705
 * 805
 * Converted e/
 * thousand 42-gallon barrels
 * 7,600
 * 7,500
 * 6,800
 * 5,200
 * 6,000
 * 4/
 * Refinery products
 * thousand tons
 * 1,800
 * r/
 * 3,167
 * r/
 * 2,549
 * r/
 * 1,047
 * r/
 * 1,100
 * e/
 * colspan=2|
 * colspan=2|Metals:
 * colspan=2|Aluminum, metal, ingot, primary and secondary
 * 59,486
 * 74,400
 * 73,803
 * r/
 * 77,200
 * r/ e/
 * 100,000
 * colspan=2|Iron and steel, metal:
 * colspan=2|Ferroalloys:
 * colspan=2|Ferrochromium
 * 23,142
 * 9,232
 * 10,621
 * 560
 * 600
 * colspan=2|Ferrosilicocalcium e/
 * 200
 * 200
 * 200
 * 200
 * 200
 * colspan=2|Ferrosilicon e/
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 8,000
 * 9,000
 * colspan=2|Steel, crude, from electric furnaces
 * 328,000
 * 372,700
 * 405,210
 * 405,000
 * 450,000
 * colspan=2|Semimanufactures
 * 175,000
 * 150,000
 * 150,000
 * 100,000
 * e/
 * 100,000
 * colspan=2|Lead, metal:
 * colspan=2|Primary and secondary:
 * colspan=2|Smelter e/
 * 6,000
 * 7,000
 * 7,000
 * 5,800
 * r/
 * 6,000
 * colspan=2|Refined
 * 5,601
 * 15,000
 * 14,000
 * 15,000
 * 15,000
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Semimanufactures, rolled
 * 241
 * 300
 * 300
 * 300
 * e/
 * 300
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Industrial minerals:
 * Cement
 * thousand tons
 * 1,026
 * 1,113
 * 1,149
 * 1,224
 * r/
 * 1,300
 * colspan=2|Clays:
 * colspan=2|Ceramic clay, crude e/
 * 2,500
 * 2,500
 * 2,500
 * 2,500
 * 2,500
 * colspan=2|Fire clay
 * 600
 * e/
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Kaolin: e/
 * colspan=2|Crude
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Washed
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * Lime
 * thousand tons
 * 136
 * 140
 * 150
 * 150
 * e/
 * 150
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Pumice and related materials, volcanic tuff e/
 * 40,000
 * 40,000
 * 40,000
 * 40,000
 * 40,000
 * colspan=2|Quartz, quartzite, glass sand: e/
 * colspan=2|Quartz and quartzite
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Glass sand
 * 200,000
 * 200,000
 * 200,000
 * 200,000
 * 200,000
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 210,000
 * 210,000
 * 210,000
 * 210,000
 * 210,000
 * colspan=2|Salt, all sources
 * 4,033
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand thousand tons
 * 10,498
 * 10,298
 * 10,076
 * 12,637
 * r/
 * 14,000
 * colspan=2|Stone, excluding quartz and quartzite, crude: e/
 * colspan=2|Dimension
 * 93,000
 * 82,000
 * 91,000
 * 104,000
 * 105,000
 * colspan=2|Other cubic meters
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * colspan=2|Mineral fuels and related materials:
 * colspan=2|Coal:
 * Brown
 * thousand tons
 * 841
 * 812
 * 827
 * 758
 * r/
 * 800
 * Lignite
 * do.
 * 3,937
 * 4,163
 * 4,100
 * r/
 * 3,804
 * r/
 * 3,900
 * colspan=2|Gas, natural, gross production thousand cubic meters
 * 12,840
 * 12,100
 * 12,500
 * 12,500
 * e/
 * 12,500
 * e/
 * Petroleum, crude
 * thousand tons
 * 1,400
 * 1,100
 * 900
 * 100
 * 100
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * colspan=2|Semimanufactures, rolled
 * 241
 * 300
 * 300
 * 300
 * e/
 * 300
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Industrial minerals:
 * Cement
 * thousand tons
 * 1,026
 * 1,113
 * 1,149
 * 1,224
 * r/
 * 1,300
 * colspan=2|Clays:
 * colspan=2|Ceramic clay, crude e/
 * 2,500
 * 2,500
 * 2,500
 * 2,500
 * 2,500
 * colspan=2|Fire clay
 * 600
 * e/
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Kaolin: e/
 * colspan=2|Crude
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Washed
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * 4,000
 * Lime
 * thousand tons
 * 136
 * 140
 * 150
 * 150
 * e/
 * 150
 * e/
 * colspan=2|Pumice and related materials, volcanic tuff e/
 * 40,000
 * 40,000
 * 40,000
 * 40,000
 * 40,000
 * colspan=2|Quartz, quartzite, glass sand: e/
 * colspan=2|Quartz and quartzite
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * 10,000
 * colspan=2|Glass sand
 * 200,000
 * 200,000
 * 200,000
 * 200,000
 * 200,000
 * colspan=2|Total
 * 210,000
 * 210,000
 * 210,000
 * 210,000
 * 210,000
 * colspan=2|Salt, all sources
 * 4,033
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand thousand tons
 * 10,498
 * 10,298
 * 10,076
 * 12,637
 * r/
 * 14,000
 * colspan=2|Stone, excluding quartz and quartzite, crude: e/
 * colspan=2|Dimension
 * 93,000
 * 82,000
 * 91,000
 * 104,000
 * 105,000
 * colspan=2|Other cubic meters
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * colspan=2|Mineral fuels and related materials:
 * colspan=2|Coal:
 * Brown
 * thousand tons
 * 841
 * 812
 * 827
 * 758
 * r/
 * 800
 * Lignite
 * do.
 * 3,937
 * 4,163
 * 4,100
 * r/
 * 3,804
 * r/
 * 3,900
 * colspan=2|Gas, natural, gross production thousand cubic meters
 * 12,840
 * 12,100
 * 12,500
 * 12,500
 * e/
 * 12,500
 * e/
 * Petroleum, crude
 * thousand tons
 * 1,400
 * 1,100
 * 900
 * 100
 * 100
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * 210,000
 * colspan=2|Salt, all sources
 * 4,033
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * 5,000
 * colspan=2|Sand and gravel, excluding glass sand thousand tons
 * 10,498
 * 10,298
 * 10,076
 * 12,637
 * r/
 * 14,000
 * colspan=2|Stone, excluding quartz and quartzite, crude: e/
 * colspan=2|Dimension
 * 93,000
 * 82,000
 * 91,000
 * 104,000
 * 105,000
 * colspan=2|Other cubic meters
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * 3,000
 * colspan=2|Mineral fuels and related materials:
 * colspan=2|Coal:
 * Brown
 * thousand tons
 * 841
 * 812
 * 827
 * 758
 * r/
 * 800
 * Lignite
 * do.
 * 3,937
 * 4,163
 * 4,100
 * r/
 * 3,804
 * r/
 * 3,900
 * colspan=2|Gas, natural, gross production thousand cubic meters
 * 12,840
 * 12,100
 * 12,500
 * 12,500
 * e/
 * 12,500
 * e/
 * Petroleum, crude
 * thousand tons
 * 1,400
 * 1,100
 * 900
 * 100
 * 100
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * 827
 * 758
 * r/
 * 800
 * Lignite
 * do.
 * 3,937
 * 4,163
 * 4,100
 * r/
 * 3,804
 * r/
 * 3,900
 * colspan=2|Gas, natural, gross production thousand cubic meters
 * 12,840
 * 12,100
 * 12,500
 * 12,500
 * e/
 * 12,500
 * e/
 * Petroleum, crude
 * thousand tons
 * 1,400
 * 1,100
 * 900
 * 100
 * 100
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * Petroleum, crude
 * thousand tons
 * 1,400
 * 1,100
 * 900
 * 100
 * 100
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * 100
 * e/
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }
 * colspan=12|See footnotes at end of table.
 * }


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Page:U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF THE BALKANS 9401000.pdf/13

1/ A substantial portion of these enterprises have been operating significantly below capacity during the transition to a market economy; the capacities provided in this table only represent the latest available information and may not show the true status of these enterprises.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Charles (d.1683)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hart, Charles (1797-1859)


text: Page:U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF THE BALKANS 9401000.pdf/14


text: Page:U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF THE BALKANS 9401000.pdf/15


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Page:U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF THE BALKANS 9401000.pdf/16

{| SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO: STRUCTURE OF THE MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 2000 (Thousand of metric tons unless otherwise specified)
 * +TABLE 6--Continued

 * Commodity
 * Major operating companies
 * Location of main facilities
 * Annual capacity
 * Lead-zinc ore--Continued:
 * Do.
 * Hemijska Industrija Zorka: Brskovo, Rudnici Olova i Cinka
 * Mine at Brskovo, Montenegro
 * 500.
 * Do.
 * Veliki Majdan Rudnik Olova i Cinka
 * Mine at mill near Krupanj, Serbia
 * 250.
 * Lead, metal
 * Rudarsko Metalursko Hemijski Kombinat za Olovo i Cink Trepca
 * Smelter at Zvecan, Serbia
 * 180.
 * Do.
 * Do.
 * Refinery at Zvecan, Serbia
 * 90.
 * Magnesite, concentrate
 * Rudnici Magnezita "Sumadija"
 * Mine and plant at Sumadija, 20 kilometers northwest of Cacak, Serbia
 * 120.
 * Do.
 * Rudnik i Industrija Magnezita "Strezovce"
 * Opencast mine at Beli Kamen, Strezovce, near Itiova Metrovica, Serbia
 * 300.
 * Do.
 * do.
 * Sinter plant at Strezovce
 * 40.
 * Do.
 * Magnohrom, Rudnik Magnezita "Magnezit"
 * Mine at Bela Stena, Baljevac na Ibru, Serbia
 * 30.
 * Natural gas
 * million cubic feet
 * Naftaplin (Naftagas), RO za Istazivanje, Istrazivanje, i Prozvodnju Nafte i Gasa
 * Natural gasfields in Serbia include Kinkinda
 * 30,000.
 * colspan=6|Petroleum:
 * Crude
 * thousand barrels per day
 * Naftagas, Naftna Industrija
 * Oilfields in Serbia include Kikinda
 * 30.
 * Refined
 * do.
 * Naftagas, Naftna Industrija, Rafinerija Nafte Pancevo
 * Refinery at Pancevo, Serbia
 * 110.
 * Do.
 * do.
 * Naftagas, Naftna Industrija, Rafinerija Nafte Novi Sad
 * Refinery at Novi Sad, Serbia
 * 28.
 * Pig iron
 * Metalurski Kombinat, Smederevo
 * Blast furance at Smederevo, Serbia
 * 720.
 * Steel, crude
 * do.
 * Plant at Smederevo, Serbia
 * 600.
 * Zinc metal
 * Rudarsko Metalursko Hemijski Kombinat Olova i Cinka Trepca, Metalurgija Cinka
 * Electrolytic plant at Titova Metrovica, Serbia
 * 40.
 * Do.
 * Hemijska Industrija Zorka
 * Electrolytic plant at Sabac, Serbia
 * 40.
 * }
 * 110.
 * Do.
 * do.
 * Naftagas, Naftna Industrija, Rafinerija Nafte Novi Sad
 * Refinery at Novi Sad, Serbia
 * 28.
 * Pig iron
 * Metalurski Kombinat, Smederevo
 * Blast furance at Smederevo, Serbia
 * 720.
 * Steel, crude
 * do.
 * Plant at Smederevo, Serbia
 * 600.
 * Zinc metal
 * Rudarsko Metalursko Hemijski Kombinat Olova i Cinka Trepca, Metalurgija Cinka
 * Electrolytic plant at Titova Metrovica, Serbia
 * 40.
 * Do.
 * Hemijska Industrija Zorka
 * Electrolytic plant at Sabac, Serbia
 * 40.
 * }
 * Electrolytic plant at Titova Metrovica, Serbia
 * 40.
 * Do.
 * Hemijska Industrija Zorka
 * Electrolytic plant at Sabac, Serbia
 * 40.
 * }
 * 40.
 * }


text:
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Res. No. 41/21-P  its strong commitment, in accordance' with article 6 of the "Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam", to the promotion and protection of the rights of women.  the rights of the child and the mother to enjoy special protection and also the right of every child due from parents, society and the state to be accorded proper nursing, education and material, hygienic and moral care.  the international community to give priority to the rendering of appropriate assistance to children who are victims of hunger, disease, drought, and armed conflicts and to allocate adequate resources for this purpose.  the Secretary General to coordinate effectively the participation of the member states in the World Conference on Human Rights, and report to the Twenty-Second Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers, the progress in implementation of the present resolution.  also the Secretary General to transmit this resolution along with the "Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam" to the Secretary General of the World Conference on Human Rights as a contribution of OIC to the Conference.


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Pfeiffer, Ida Laura Reyer

PFEIFFER, pfīf'ĕr, Ida Laura Reyer, Austrian traveler: b Vienna. 14 Oct. 1797; d. there, 27 Oct. 1858. She received the education usually given a boy and was married in 1820 to Dr. Pfeiffer, a lawyer connected with the Austrian government. Her first long journey was a trip to Palestine and Egypt when she was but five years old. The influence of this experience remained with her, and upon the death of her husband in 1842 she determined to travel. In that year she made a tour which included the Holy Land, Constantinople, Cairo, Arabia and the Red Sea, the Mediterranean and Rome, and later she again visited the Holy Land. In 1845 she visited Scandinavia and Iceland, and in 1846-48 made a tour of the world traveling in Brazil, Chile, China, India, Persia, Armenia, Caucasus and Turkey, and in 1851-55 made a tour which included England, South Africa, the Malay Archipelago, Australia and North and South America. Her last long journey was to Madagascar in 1856 and after many hardships and a narrow escape from death following imprisonment at the hands of Queen Ranavalona I, she returned to Vienna. Her travels covered 160,000 miles of sea routes and over 21,000 miles on land; a record which had never been approached by any woman traveler up to the time of her death. Among her works which have been translated into English are ‘Journey of a Viennese to the Holy Land’ (1843); ‘Journey to the Scandinavian North and Iceland’ (1846); ‘A Woman's Journey Round the World’ (1852); ‘A Lady's Second Journey Round the World’ (2 vols., 1855); ‘Last Travels: Inclusive of a Visit to Madagascar’ (posthumously 1861).


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Res. No. 41/21-P

 its effectiveness and efficiency and avoid duplication of tasks and multiple parallel mechanisms.  the interdependence and indivisibility of economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights, and the need to give equal emphasis to all categories of human rights.  concern over violation of human rights, including manifestations of racial discrimination, racism, apartheid, colonialism, foreign aggression and occupation, and the establishment of illegal settlements in occupied territories, as well as the recent resurgence of intolerance, neo-nazism, xenophobia and ethnic cleansing.  that self-determination is a principle of international law and a universal right recognized by the United Nations for peoples under alien or colonial domination or foreign occupation, by virtue of which they can freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development, and that its denial constitutes a grave violation of human rights.  that the right to self-determination is applicable to peoples under alien or colonial domination or foreign occupation, and should not be used to undermine the territorial integrity, national sovereignty and political independence of States.  reaffirms its support for the legitimate struggle of the Palestinian people to restore their national and inalienable rights to self-determination and independence, and demands an immediate end to the grave violations of human rights in the Palestinian, Syrian Golan and other occupied Arab territories including Jerusalem as well as the immediate withdrawal of Israeli forces from all occupied territories.  its support for the legitimate struggle of the people of South Africa for the total eradication of Apartheid and their right to establish a non-racial democratic system.  its support for the fundamental human rights of the people of Jammu and Kashmir, including their right to self-determination and calls for an immediate end to the violations of their human rights.

 the genocide being perpetrated against the people of Bosnia-Herzegovina and calls for urgent action by the international community to halt the massive violations of their human rights.


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Res. No. 41/21-P that the promotion and protection of human rights should be encouraged by cooperation and consensus, and not through confrontation and the imposition of incompatible values;

the interdependence and indivisibility of economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights, and the inherent interrelationship between development, democracy, universal enjoyment of all human rights, and social justice which must be addressed in an integrated and balanced manner;

that Development is a comprehensive economic, social, cultural and political process, which aims at the constant improvement of the well-being of the entire population and of all individuals on the basis of their active, free and meaningful participation;

that the international community has a duty to fulfill its commitment to eradicate poverty, which is a major obstacle to any effort aimed at sustainable development and the full realization of human rights;

 its commitment to the principles contained in the Charter of the OIC as well as the "Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam" as general guidelines and the Charter of the United Nations.  the principles of respect for national sovereignty and territorial integrity as well as non-interference in the internal affairs of states, and the non-use of human rights as an instrument of political or economic pressure.  that all countries, large and small, have the right to determine their political systems, control and freely utilize their resources, and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.  the necessity of achieving universality, objectivity, and non-selectivity in the application of human rights standards and instruments.  that while human rights are universal in nature, they must be considered in the context of a dynamic and evolving process of international norm-setting, taking into account the various historical, cultural and religious backgrounds and the principal legal systems.  the necessity to rationalize the United Nations human rights mechanism in order to enhance


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(a) Everyone shall have the right to own property acquired in a legitimate way, and shall be entitled to the rights of ownership, without prejudice to oneself, others or to society in general. Expropriation is not permissible except for the requirements of public interest and upon payment of immediate and fair compensation.

(b) Confiscation and seizure of property is prohibited except for a necessity dictated by law.

Everyone shall have the right to enjoy the fruits of his scientific, literary, artistic or technical production and the right to protect the moral and material interests stemming there from, provided that such production is not contrary to the principles of Shari'ah.

(a) Everyone shall have the right to live in a clean environment, away from vice and moral corruption, an environment that would foster his self-development and it is incumbent upon the State and society in general to afford that right.

(b) Everyone shall have the right to medical and social care, and to all public amenities provided by society and the State within the limits of their available resources.

(c) The State shall ensure the right of the individual to a decent living which will enable him to meet all ishis [sic] requirements and those of his dependents, including food, clothing, housing, education, medical care and all other basic needs.

(a) Everyone shall have the right to live in security for himself, his religion, his dependents, his honour and his property.


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(b) Everyone shall have the right to privacy in the conduct of his private affairs, in his home, among his family, with regard to his property and his relationships. It is not permitted to spy on him, to place him under surveillance or to besmirch his good name. The State shall protect him from arbitrary interference.

(c) A private residence is inviolable in all cases. It will not be entered without permission from its inhabitants or in any unlawful manner, nor shall it be demolished or confiscated and its dwellers evicted.

(a) All individuals are equal before the law, without distinction between the ruler and the ruled.

(b) The right to resort to justice is guaranteed to everyone.

(c) Liability is in essence personal.

(d) There shall be no crime or punishment except as provided for in the Shari'ah

(e) A defendant is innocent until his guilt is proven in a fair trial in which he shall be given all the guarantees of defence.

It is not permitted without legitimate reason to arrest an individual, or restrict his freedom, to exile or to punish him. It is not permitted to subject him to physical or psychological torture or to any form of humiliation, cruelty or indignity. Nor is it permitted to subject an individual to medical or scientific experimentation without his consent or at the risk of his health or of his life. Nor is it permitted to promulgate emergency laws that would provide executive authority for such actions.

Taking hostages under any form or for any purpose is expressly forbidden.


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(a) Everyone shall have the right to express his opinion freely in such manner as would not be contrary to the principles of the Shari'ah.

(b) Everyone shall have the right to advocate what is right, and propagate what is good, and warn against what is wrong and evil according to the norms of Islamic Shari'ah

(c) Information is a vital necessity to society. It may not be exploited or misused in such a way as may violate sanctities and the dignity of Prophets, undermine moral and ethical values or disintegrate, corrupt or harm society or weaken its faith.

(d) It is not permitted to arouse nationalistic or doctrinal hatred or to do anything that may be an incitement to any form or racial discrimination.

(a) Authority is a trust; and abuse or malicious exploitation thereof is absolutely prohibited, so that fundamental human rights may be guaranteed.

(b) Everyone shall have the right to participate, directly or indirectly in the administration of his country's public affairs. He shall also have the right to assume public office in accordance with the provisions of Shari'ah.

All the rights and freedoms stipulated in this Declaration are subject to the Islamic Shari'ah.

The Islamic Shari'ah is the only source of reference for the explanation or clarification of any of the articles of this Declaration.

LEG-X FD-8


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The Twenty-First Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers (Session of Islamic Unity and Cooperation for Peace, Justice and Progress), held in Karachi, Islamic Republic of Pakistan from 4 to 8 Zul Qa'dah 1413H (25-29 April 1993),

in mind the objectives of the Charter of OIC and the "Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam" to promote and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all in accordance with Islamic values and teachings as well as the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration on Human Rights;

of the Islamic values on human rights, the supreme place of mankind in Islam as vicegerent of Allah on earth and accordingly the great importance that is being attached by the Islamic thought to promote and encourage respect for human rights;

that the increasing importance of human rights throughout the world calls for further intensification of the efforts of the Islamic Ummah and Islamic organizations in order to take appropriate initiatives at the national, regional and international levels for the promotion and protection of human rights;

the significance of the World Conference on Human rights, which provides an invaluable opportunity to review all aspects of human rights and ensure a just and balanced approach thereto;

the contribution that can be made to the World Conference by Islamic countries on the basis of the valuable guidelines contained in the "Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam";

that the respect of human rights is an integral part of Islam;

the existence of different constitutional and legal systems among OIC Member States and various international or regional human rights instruments to which they are parties;

the principles of respect for national sovereignty, territorial integrity and non-interference in the internal affairs of states;


text:
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men are equal in terms of basic human dignity and basic obligations and responsibilities, without any discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, language, sex, religious belief, political affiliation, social status or other considerations. True faith is the guarantee for enhancing such dignity along the path to human perfection.

(b) All human beings are God's subjects, and the most loved by Him are those who are most useful to the rest of His subjects, and no one has superiority over another except on the basis of piety and good deeds.

(a) Life is a God-given gift and the right to life is guaranteed to every human being. It is the duty of individuals, societies and states to protect this right from any violation, and it is prohibited to take away life except for a Shari'ah prescribed reason.

(b) It is forbidden to resort to such means as may result in the genocidal annihilation of mankind.

(c) The preservation of human life throughout the term of time willed by God is a duty prescribed by Shari'ah

(d) Safety from bodily harm is a guaranteed right. It is the duty of the state to safeguard it, and it is prohibited to breach it without a Sharia-prescribed reason.

(a) In the event of the use of force and in case of armed conflict, it is not permissible to kill non-belligerents such as old man, women and children. The wounded and the sick shall have the right to medical treatment; and prisoners of war shall have the right to be fed, sheltered and clothed. It is prohibited to mutilate dead bodies. It is a duty to exchange prisoners of war and to arrange visits or reunions of the families separated by the circumstances of war.

(b) It is prohibited to fell trees, to damage crops or livestock, and to destroy the enemy's civilian buildings and installations by shelling, blasting or any other means.


text:
Page:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam.djvu/5

Every human being is entitled to inviolability and the protection of his good name and honour during his life and after his death. The state and society shall protect his remains and burial place.

(a) The family is the foundation of society, and marriage is the basis of its formation. Men and women have the right to marriage, and no restrictions stemming from race, colour or nationality shall prevent them from enjoying this right.

(b) Society and the State shall remove all obstacles to marriage and shall facilitate marital procedure. They shall ensure family protection and welfare.

(a) Woman is equal to man in human dignity, and has rights to enjoy as well as duties to perform; she has her own civil entity and financial independence, and the right to retain her name and lineage.

(b) The husband is responsible for the support and welfare of the family.

(a) As of the moment of birth, every child has rights due from the parents, society and the state to be accorded proper nursing, education and material, hygienic and moral care. Both the fetus and the mother must be protected and accorded special care.

(b) Parents and those in such like capacity have the right to choose the type of education they desire for their children, provided they take into consideration the interest and future of the children in accordance with ethical values and the principles of the Shari'ah

(c) Both parents are entitled to certain rights from their children, and relatives are entitled to rights from


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their kin, in accordance with the tenets of the Shari'ah.

Every human being has the right to enjoy his legal capacity in terms of both obligation and commitment, should this capacity be lost or impaired, he shall be represented by his guardian.

(a) The guestion for knowledge is an obligation and the provision of education is a duty for society and the State. The State shall ensure the availability of ways and means to acquire education and shall guarantee educational diversity in the interest of society so as to enable man to be acquainted with the religion of Islam and the facts of the Universe for the benefit of mankind.

(b) Every human being has the right to receive both religious and worldly education from the various institutions of, education and guidance, including the family, the school, the university, the media, etc., and in such an integrated and balanced manner as to develop his personality, strengthen his faith in God and promote his respect for and defence of both rights and obligations.

Islam is the religion of unspoiled nature. It is prohibited to exercise any form of compulsion on man or to exploit his poverty or ignorance in order to convert him to another religion or to atheism.

(a) Human beings are born free, and no one has the right to enslave, humiliate, oppress or exploit them, and there can be no subjugation but to God the Most-High.

(b) Colonialism of all types being one of the most evil forms of enslavement is totally prohibited. Peoples suffering from colonialism have the full right to freedom and self-determination. It is the duty of all States and peoples to support the struggle of colonized peoples for


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546 Fisher, Sydney George, 6, 309, 358 Fishers, the, 31 Fish-House Club, 152, 443 Fitzgerald, Edward, 423 Fool's Errand, 338 Forget-Me-Not, 348 Fourth of July, 63 Fox, George, 15, 308 Francesca da Rimini, 324 Frankford, 81, 489, 522 Franklin, Benjamin, 24, 166, 215, 216, 253, 263, 281, 290, 355, 310, 313, 358, 386, 389, 400, 417, 422, 482 Franklin Inn, 351 Franklin Institute, 263, 534 Free Public Library, 307, 534 French Revolution (Thiers), 375 Friends, 1, 9, 15, 16, 20, 92, 134, 166, 197, 203, 258, 283, 289, 290, 294, 307, 309, 357, 380, 386, 389, 513 Friends' School (Germantown), 258 Fromuth, marine painter, 406 Front Street, 278, 281, 290, 326, 514, 517 Frost, Arthur B., artist, 393 Furness (architecture), 407, 526 Furness, Dr. Horace Howard, 332, 335 Furness, Horace Howard, Jr., 362, 363 Furness, William Henry, D.D., 332, 335

Garber, Daniel, 407 Gebbie and Barrie, 125, 376 German mystics, 176 Germans (immigrants), 471 Germantown, 91, 123, 124, 258, 294, 297, 336, 468, 477, 496, 518, 521, 526, 529, 538 Germantown Cricket Ground, 496 Gettysburg (battle-fields), 518 Gibson collection, 379 Gift, The, 314 Gilchrist, Mrs. Alexander, 119, 284, 287 Gillespie, Mrs., social leader, 215, 216, 253 Giotto di Bondone, 402 Girard College, 123, 379, 533 Girard House, 148 Girard Trust Building, 530 Gissing, George, 239 Glackens, William J., illustrator, 406 Glackmeyer, Father, 193 Glasse, Mrs. (Cookery Book), 314, 423-428 Godey's Lady's Book, 314, 337 Gough Square (London), 324 Grafly, Charles, sculptor, 407 Graham's (Magazine), 314, 337 Grants, the, 31 Gray's Ferry, 281, 299, 521 Green, Elizabeth Shippen, 406 Greene, General, 418 Greland, Miss, 107 Griggs (publisher), 313 Groton (school), 162

Haden, Seymour, etchings, 395, 396 Hale, Mrs. Sarah Josepha, 314, 428 Hallowell, Mrs. Sarah, 341 Hamilton, J. McLure. 393 Handy, Moses P., 245 Hans Breitmann, 320, 456 Harland, Marion, 428 Harper's (magazine), 238, 337 Harrison, Alexander, 393 Harrison, Birge, 393 Harrison, John, 405 Harrison, Mrs. (Art Club), 399 Harvard (College), 162 Hassler's band, 140, 148 Haverford (school), 258 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 347 Hawthorne, Rose, 347 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 6, 157, 216, 220, 290, 307, 315, 364, 459 Hogarth's engravings, 376 Holloway, Edward Stratton, 406 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 243 Holmesburg, 258 Holy Trinity (church), 183 Home Arts School (London), 257 Homer and Colladay's, 125 Hooper, Mrs. Lucy, 341 Hopkins, the, 31 Hopkins, Dr. (dentist), 64 Horticultural Hall, 347, 503 Hospital, Pennsylvania, 24, 114, 277, 358, 460 Hotel Meurice, 222 Howells, William Dean, 259, 401


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Rh Howland's Hotel at Long Branch, 169 Hubbell's, 126, 459 Hudson River School, 390 Hugh Wynne, 357, 358, 363 Hughes and Muller, 456 Huguet, Madame, 77, 85 Hunt, Holman, 372, 373 Huntington Valley Club, 495 Hutchinson Ports, 363

Impressionists (artists), 390 Independence Hall, 467 Independence Square, 355, 467 Industrial Art School, 257, 330, 396, 399 Ingersolls, the, 145 Initials, The, 59 International expositions. 213, 231, 253 Irish immigrants, 471 Irving, Henry, 401 Irving, Washington, 315 Irwin, Miss, school, 140, 175, 258 Italians (immigrants), 464, 468

James, Henry, 6, 16, 401, 509 Janauschek (actress), 348 Janvier, Thomas Allibone, 169, 303, 334433 [sic]-437, 443 Jastrow, Dr. Morris, 364 Jefferson, Thomas, 50, 386, 418 Jenkins, Howard, 249 Jesuits, 191, 193, 197 Jew, Dutch, 467 Jew, Pennsylvania, 467, 514 Jew, Russian, 214, 282, 283, 297, 361, 460, 464-473, 525 Jews, religious liberty of, 177 Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 324 Johnson House, 297, 521 Johnson's, John G., art collection, 406 Jones's, 126, 210, 444, 456 Jourdain, M., 282 June, Jenny, 428

Kate Vincent, 178 Keatings, the, 31 Kellogg, Clara Louise, 67 Kensington, 228, 297, 477 Kensington, England, 493 Keppel, Frederick, 376 Kings, the, 31 Kirk, John Foster, 337 Kirkbride's Insane Asylum. 263 Kneller, portrait-painter, 389 Knight, Ridgway, 393 Kugler, Franz, 402

La Belle Hélène, 68 La Grande Duchesse, 68 La Pierre House, 148 Ladies' Home Journal, 355 Ladies of the Sacred Heart, 72, 93 Convent, 72 sq. Lady of Shalott, 27, 373 Lalanne etchings, 395 Lamb, Charles, 126, 324 Lamplighter, The, 56 Long, John Luther, 363 Lathrop, Mr. and Mrs. George, 347 Latin Quarter, 411 Laurel Hill, 521 Law Courts, 468, 500 Law School, building, 529 Lea, Henry Charles, 313, 363 League Island, 529 Leary's, 126 Ledger (newspaper), 113, 341, 355 Lee, Vernon (Violet Paget), 260 Leland, Charles Godfrey, 42, 234-238, 240-244, 254, 257, 263, 272, 275, 276, 316, 319-330, 332, 335, 344-348, 396, 399, 405 Leland, Charles Godfrey, Memoirs of, 276 L'Enfant (architect), 533 Leslie, Margaret (artist), 396 Leslie, Miss, Cookery Book, 313, 423-437 Levi, Eliphas, 242 Lewises, 50 Li Hung Chang, 20, 513 Library, Bryn Mawr College, 307 Library of Congress, 309 Library, Free Public, 307, 534 Library, Friends', Germantown, 307 Library, Historical Society, 307 Library, Mercantile, 114, 241 Library, Philadelphia, 24, 114, 241, 290, 307, 455 Library, Ridgway, 241, 307, 364 Life of Blake, 119


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Pfleiderer, Otto

PFLEIDERER, pflī'dĕr-ĕr, Otto, German Protestant theologian: b Stetten, Würtemberg, Germany, 1 Sept. 1839; d. Berlin, 20 July 1908. He was educated at Tübingen, and later in England and Scotland, and entered the ministry, serving at Tübingen and Heilbronn. In 1870 he became chief pastor and superintendent at Jena, and later was made professor of theology there. In 1875 he became professor of systematic theology at the University of Berlin, a post which he held till his death. He became widely known as a writer and lecturer, his inclinations being toward a liberal theology. His lectures in London in 1858 and in Edinburgh in 1894 were published in English. Among his works are ‘Die Religion, ihr Wesen und ihre Geschichte’ (2 vols., 1869-78); ‘Religionsphilosophie auf geschichtlicher Grundlage’ (1878-93); ‘Geschichte der Religionsphilosophie von Spinoza bis auf die Gegenwart’ (1893); ‘Evolution and Theology’ (English, 1900); ‘The Early Christian Conception of Christ’ (1905); ‘Religion und Religionem’ (1906); ‘Christian Origins’ (Huebach's translation appeared in 1906); and ‘The Development of Christianity’ (by the same translator, in 1910).


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Page:Our Philadelphia (Pennell, 1914).djvu/568

548 Lionardo da Vinci, 402 Lippincott, Horace Mather, 6, 361 Lippincott, J. B., 124, 313 Lippincott's (book-store), 125, 313, 315 Lippincott's Magazine, 243, 314, 315, 337, 341, 427 Lithuanians (immigrants), 468, 473 "Little England" of Kensington, 19 "Little Street of Clubs, the," 351, 406 Lives of the Artists, 373 Locust Street, 472 Logan, Deborah, 309 Logan, James, 31, 177, 184, 241, 307, 417, 421, 518 Logan Square, 120, 162, 500 Loganian Library (see Ridgway), 364 Lombard Street, 472 Long Branch, 169 Longfellow, Henry W., 320, 329 Looking Backward, 338 Lost Heiress, The, 59 Lowell, James Russell, 316

Macalisters, the, 31 McCalls, the, 158 McCarter, Henry, artist, 407 MacVeagh, Wayne, 343 Madeira (wine), 55, 153, 417-423, 506, 510 Maennerchor Garden, 500 Main Line, 31, 123, 297 Main Street in Germantown, 297 Manayunk, 522 Maria, Father de, 191 Marion, General Francis, 216 "Market, Arch, Race and Vine," 281 Market Street, 119, 120, 123, 157, 281, 294, 310, 329, 451, 456, 489 Martin, Madame, 137, 138 Maryland, Eastern Shore of, 219 Matisse, artist, 402 Mayflower (ship), 219, 525 Meeting-Houses, 188, 281, 517 Meg Merrilies, 27, 68, 375 Memorial Hall, 213, 405, 526 Mennonites in Germantown, 176 Mercantile Library, 114, 241, 307 Merritt, Mrs. Anna Lea, 393 Methodists, 183 Mifflin. Mrs. (Art Club), 399 Millais, John Everett, 275, 392 Miller, Leslie, 396 Milton, John, 308 Mint, United States, 108, 130, 379, 459, 533 Mischief in the Middle Ages, 243 Mitchell, Dr. S. Weir, 6, 357, 363, 456 Moore, Mrs. Bloomfield, 379 Moran family, 394 Moravians, monasteries of, 176 Morrises, the, 216 Morris, Gouverneur, 133 Morris, Harrison S., 362 Morris House, 297, 521 Morris, William, 400, 408 Mother Goose, 242 Mount Airy, 170 Mount Pleasant, 31, 299 Moxon's Tennyson, 372 Moyamensing Prison, 263 Murillo (painting), 372 Mustin's, 125

Napoleon, pictures of, 374 Narragansett Pier, 169 Nash, Richard ("Beau"), 145 Natatorium, 139, 140, 145, 499 Nation, the (New York), 249 National Observer, 294 Navy Yard, 529 New Century Club, 494 New Testament (German), 310 New Years Day, 152 New York magazines, 337 Newman's Callista, 59 Nilsson, Christine, 401 Ninth and Green (streets), 489, 500 Nordau, Max, 402 Norrises, the, 216 Norris, Isaac, 15, 417 North American, the, 355 Northern Liberties, 522

Oakdale Park, 293 Oakley, Thornton, 406 Oakley, Violet, 406 Old Mam'selle's Secret, 335 Old Swedes Church, 114, 120


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Rh Orpheus Club, 153 Ouida's Guardsman, 275 Our American Cousin, 67 Our Continent, 252, 337, 341 Our Convent Days, 88, 358 Ours, 67 Oxford (England), 86, 529 Oxford, Dr. (cookery books), 424

Page, George Bispham, architect, 407 Paget, Violet (Vernon Lee), 260 Park (see Fairmount), 534, 538 Parkway, the new, 405, 534 Parrish, Maxfield, 406 Parrish, Stephen, 396 Patterson, General, house of, 108, 459 Peale, Charles Wilson, 389 Pegasus Societies, 352 Penn Club, 351 Penn, John, 517 Penn, William, 2, 9, 10, 15, 24, 31, 35, 36, 74, 85, 117, 219, 260, 282, 287-289, 290, 294, 375, 382, 408, 417, 421, 455, 456, 474, 500, 526, 533 Penn, William, statue of, 9 Pennell, Joseph, 1, 24, 203, 219, 237, 246, 268, 271-303, 308, 337, 338, 341, 348, 351, 357, 368, 376, 380, 393-395, 474 Pennock Brothers, 144, 439 Pennsbury, 31 Pennsylvania Historical Society, 6, 157, 216, 290, 315, 364 Pennsylvania Hospital, 24, 114, 277, 358, 460 Pennsylvania Jew, 467 Pennsylvania, promotion of science by, 309 Pennsylvania Railroad, 276 Pennsylvania Railroad Station, 276, 448, 451 Pennsylvania, University of, 143, 162, 173, 258, 358, 364, 473, 496, 526 Pennypacker, Governor, 307 Peppers, the, 50, 399 Peterson's (magazine), 314, 337 Philadelphia Art Club, 324 Philadelphia Bank, 49 Philadelphia Club, 153, 316, 443, 510 Philadelphia Library, 24, 114, 241, 290, 307, 313, 315, 455 Philadelphia Saturday Museum, 314 Phillips, John S., 376 Philosophical Society, American, 418 Picasso, artist, 402 Plastic Club, 406 Pocahontas, 9 Poe, Edgar Allan, 27, 316 Poor Richard (club), 352 Poor Richard's Almanac, 310 Poore, Harry, 271, 272 Pope of Rome, 120 Pope's Head, 310 Porter and Coates, 125, 315 Post-Impressionists, 381 Powhatan, 9 Pre-Raphaelites, 373, 390 Presbyterian Building, 271 Presbyterians, 176, 183 Press, the, 245 Provence, 60 Public Buildings (see City Hall), 10, 526 Public Industrial Art School, 405 Punch (London), 252 Puritans (New England), 417 Putnam (N. Y. publisher), 315 Pyle, Howard, 249, 393

Quakers (see Friends), 15 Queechy, 59, 335

Race (Sassafras) Street, 281 Racquet Club, 499, 529 Rafael (pictures), 372, 375 Ralph (Franklin's friend), 310 Randolph House, 463 Reading Terminal, 538 Redfield, Edward W., artist, 407 Rembrandt (painting), 246, 406 Renaissance, period of, 11 Repplier, Agnes, 6, 88, 358 Revolution (American), 382, 389, 418, 518, 525 Rhodes scholars, 86, 529 Richards, William T., artist, 393 Ridgway Library, 241, 307, 364 Rittenhouse Smiths, 363 Rittenhouse Square, 24, 91, 120, 139, 198, 456 Ritz-Carlton (hotel), 148, 414, 447


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Pflugk-Harttung, Julius Albert G. von

PFLUGK-HARTTUNG, pfloog' här'toong, Julius Albert G. von, German historian: b. Warnikow, Germany, 8 Nov. 1848. He was educated at Bonn, Berlin and Göttingen, accepted the chair of history in the University of Basel in 1883 which he held until 1893 when

he was made head of the Secret State Archives at Berlin. He is an authority on mediæval and papal history and has published ‘Studien zur Geschichte Konrads II’ (1876-77); ‘Norwegen und die deutschen Seestädte’ (1887); ‘Krieg und Sieg 1870-71’ (1895); ‘Die Bullen der Päpste bis zum Ende des zwölften Jahrhunderts’ (1901); ‘Weltgeschichte’ (6 vols., 1907-10); ‘Das Befreiungsjahr 1813’ (1913); ‘Belle-Alliance-verbündetes Heer’ (1915). A number of his important works have been translated into English, among them ‘ The Great Migration’ and ‘The Early Middle Ages — by Wright’ (Philadelphia 1902); and ‘The Franco-German War,’ by General Maurice (London 1900).


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1. The War Cabinet decided that their offices should for the present be at Montagu House, which up to now has been occupied by the Shipping Control Committee, and was about to be transfered to the Ministry of Munitions. The Secretary was instructed to place himself in communication with the Office of Works with a view to the immediate transfer of these or other convenient offices to the War Cabinet at the earliest possible date.

2. The War Cabinet discussed the advisability of strengthening the Secretariat of the former War Committee by the addition of a civil side. The question was adjourned for further consideration.

3. The War Cabinet discussed a telegram, dated the 6th December, 1916, received by His Majesty the King from the King of Greece, and approved, with slight alterations, and subject to the concurrence of Mr. Balfour (who was unable to attend the meeting), a draft reply submitted by the Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. Copies of the telegram from the King of Greece and the reply are attached. (Appendix I.) [1365—1]


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Pforzheim

PFORZHEIM, pfōrts'hīm, Germany, the fourth largest (1914) city of Baden, 15 miles southeast of Carlsruhe, on the northern edge of the Black Forest, at the junction of the Würm, the Nagold and the Enz. Among its buildings are the remains of an ancient castle, formerly the residence of the margraves of Baden-Durlach; the castle church, dating from the 12th century, containing the tombs of many of the margraves; the townhouse, a handsome building, rebuilt in 1892-95; the post office; a fine museum, a gymnasium, and many other educational institutions. The chief industry of the place is the manufacture of cheap jewelry, which employs over 22,000 hands. There are also chemical works, machine-works, forges, tanneries, copper-works, bleachfields, paper-mills, oil-mills, saw-mills, etc. The trade in wood is important, the timber being floated by the Enz and Neckar to the Rhine. There is also a considerable trade in oil, fruit, wine and cattle. The inhabitants distinguished themselves in the Thirty Years' War. Reuchlin, one of the most distinguished precursors of the Reformation, was born here. Pop. 73,786.


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Pfuhl, Johannes

PFUHL, pfool, Johannes, German sculptor: b. Lowenberg, Silesia, 1846. He was educated at the Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin and later became an assistant of Schievelbein, under whom he had studied, and after his master's death in 1867 completed his designs for the bronze memorial in the Dönhoffsplatz, Berlin. His work includes several portrait busts, but his best work is seen in his colossal groups in relief. He has executed a frieze in rilievo in commemoration of the Franco-Prussian War, in the Military School of Lichterfelde (1876); an equestrian statue of William I, with Bismarck and Von Moltke, in Görlitz (1893); the Laube monument at Sprottau (1895); the Goethe monument (1902); the standing group of William I and Frederick (1902); the William I, of the Reichstag building (1905); and many others.


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Page:Our Philadelphia (Pennell, 1914).djvu/570

550 Robin Hood (Howard Pyle's), 249 Robins, Edward, Jr., 358 Robins, Edward, Sr., 1, 34, 50, 54, 56, 74, 81, 107, 111, 123, 130, 138, 178, 181, 183, 187, 200, 239, 244, 259, 260, 263, 294, 307, 323, 371, 372, 374, 375, 423, 427, 459, 500, 505 Robins, Grant, 139, 140, 147, 165, 216, 505 Robins, Mrs. Thomas, 40, 41, 43, 53, 54, 56, 60, 61, 183, 239, 268, 437 Robins, Thomas, 1, 34-36, 41, 43, 48-63, 107, 178, 183, 219, 222, 307, 314, 357, 373-375, 413, 421, 459 Robinson, Mary (Mme. Duclaux), 260 Rogers, Fairman, 493 "Rogers Group," 39, 374, 375 Romanticists (artists), 390 Roosevelt, Theodore, 506 Rorer, Mrs. (cookery book), 428 Ross, Betsy, house of, 281 Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 119, 372, 373 Rossetti, William Michael, 119, 284 Routledge, 59 Royal Academy, 389, 411 Royal Exchange, 411 Rubaiyat, the, 401 Rubens (painting), 246 Rue de Rivoli, 225 Rush, Dr. Benjamin, 241, 307 Rush, Mrs., social leader, 146, 149 Ruskin, John, 287, 400, 402 Russian Jew, 214, 282, 283, 297, 361, 460, 464-471, 473

Sacred Heart, Ladies of the, 72 Convent of, 72 sq., 258 St. Andrew's (church), 184 St. Augustine's (church), 198 St. Clement's (church), 184, 278 St. James's (church), 183 St. John's (church), 183, 199, 200, 203 St. Joseph's (church), 64, 91, 183, 184, 187, 188, 191, 193-199 St. Mark's (church), 183, 200 St. Mary's (church), 184, 198, 199, 278 St. Michael's (church), 198 St. Patrick's (church), 91, 183, 199, 200, 203 St. Paul's (school), 162 St. Peter's (church), 108, 114, 183, 188, 277, 463, 514 Salons (Paris), 411 Sargent, John S., artist, 393 Sartain, Miss Emily, 338, 393 Sartain, William, 393 Sartain's Union Magazine, 314 Sassafras (Race) Street, 281 Saturday Club, 152 Saturday Evening Post, 355 Saur's New Testament, 310 Sautter's, 126, 444, 449, 456, 506 Schaumberg, Emily, 107 School Board, 259 School of Industrial Arts, 257, 330, 332, 405 Schools, Public, 335 Schuylkill (river), 173, 276, 281, 294, 299, 362, 451, 468, 481, 496, 538 Scott, Walter, 59 heroines of, 27, 375 novels of, 197, 335, 336, 427 Second Street, 42, 137, 147, 148, 166, 277, 517 Second Street Market, 114, 120, 277 Seminary at Villanova, 198 Senat, Prosper, 395 Seville (churches of), 199 Shakespeare Societies, 352 Shakespeare, William, 68, 332, 363, 401 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 145, 313 Sheppard, J. B. & Sons, 125 Shinn (apothecary), 459 Shippen, Edward, 42 Shippen, Peggy, 31, 162 "Shippen, Peggy," 162, 356 Shippens, the, 158 Simses, the, 158 Sketch Club, 406 Sky-scrapers, 355, 530 Slavs (immigrants), 468, 471 Smarius, Father, 193 Smedley, William T., artist, 393 Smith, Albert, 263 Smith, Jessie Wilcox, 406 Smith, Lloyd, 242 Smith, Logan Pearsall, 364 Smith, Provost, house of, 281


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 duties and conditions of which the value has been assured and fixed by our Imperial orders, previously issued.

By our Imperial Firman dated the 5th Safer, 1284, the internal administration of Egypt, and consequently its financial, material, and other interests, have devolved on the Egyptian Government.

Our Imperial favour has granted it all that is connected with the development of internal organization and general progress.

In this state of things, thou hast submitted to me that some restrictions and exceptions contained in my Firman of the 22nd Chaban, 1286, were creating serious obstacles to the complete development of the prosperity of Egypt.

It is evident that the prosperity of the country and the welfare of my subjects are both, in my eyes, of the highest importance, and the object of my dearest wishes.

The realization of these wishes naturally depends on the means and facilities granted to satisfy requirements which result from them.

As such has been my Imperial will, it is contrary to my desire that the progress and prosperity of Egypt should be obstructed by restrictions placed on the privileges which my sovereign munificence had granted to the Egyptian Government in its material and financial interests.

I have therefore ordered the maintenance in full of the privileges granted by my Firman dated the 5th Safer, 1284, and I have issued this supreme order from my Sublime Porte, and given it to thee.

The 7th day of Redjeb, 1289 (September 10, 1872).

Imperial Khatt addressed by the Sultan to the Khedive of Egypt, renewing the authority to contract foreign loans. 25th September, 1872.

The material and finanicial administration of Egypt having been conferred on thee, in every respect and entirely, by my various Imperial Firmans, the power of making foreign loans, and of devoting them to the welfare of Egypt, is included in the privileges specially granted to the Egyptian Government.


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Rh Society Hill, 522 Solon Shingle, 67 Sons of Pennsylvania, 219, 22l Sothern, Edward Askew, 68 South Kensington, England, 408 South Street, 472 Southwark, 522 Southworth, Mrs. Emma D. E. Nevitt, 59 Souvenir, The, 314 Springett, Guli, 15 Spruce Street, 28, 34, 42, 48 sq., 60, 63, 104, 107, 108, 113, 114, 215, 245, 253, 282, 460, 468, 538 State House, the, 113, 158, 220, 277, 358, 382, 471, 514 State in Schuylkill, 443 Station (Broad and Market), 489 Stations and terminals, 12, 28, 276, 481, 489, 538 Stations (railroad), 481, 489, 538 Steadmans, the, 31 Steevens, George, 449, 478 Stenton, 31, 297, 298, 518 Stephens (artist), 396 Stephens, Alice Barber, 396 Stephens, Charles H., 396 Stevenson, Mrs. Cornelius, 364 Stewardson, John, architect, 407 Stewart, Jules, 393 Stock Exchange, 54, 107, 111, 408,486, 500 Stockton, Frank R., 336, 338 Stockton, Louise, 338 Stokes, Frank W., artist, 406 Strawberry Mansion, 210, 299, 430 Strawbridge and Clothier, 125 Stuart, Gilbert, artist, 389 Stuart, Gilbert, picture of Washington by, 41, 374, 375, 447 Swarthmore (school), 258 Swedes (immigrants), 471 Swedes Church, Old, 114, 277, 514

Telegraph, Evening, 246 Temple, the (London), 324 Tennyson's Poems, 27, 372, 373 Terminals (railroad), 12, 481, 489, 538 Terry, Ellen, 401 Thackeray (William Makepeace), 151, 294, 422 Thanksgiving Day, 63 Théâtre Français, 68 Theatres, 67 Thiers' French Revolution, 375 Third Street, 28, 107, 111, 113, 134, 137, 187, 206, 278, 290, 486 Thomas, George C., 307 Thompson, "Aunt Ad," 342 Thouron, Henry, 406 Torresdale, 28, 31, 72 sq., 123, 191, 258, 278, 451 Tourgée, Judge Albion W., 252, 338 Traubel, Horace, 364 Traveller, The, 315 Treaty with the Indians (Penn), 375 Tree, Beerbohm, 68 Trollope, Anthony, 401 Trotter, Mary, 396 Trumbauer, Horace, architect, 407 Tuileries (Paris), 222, 533 Twelfth and Market, 489 Twelfth Street Market, 54

Union League, 152, 443, 447, 533 University of Pennsylvania, 143, 162, 173, 258, 307, 364, 473, 496, 526, 529 University, Provosts of, 119 University School (architecture), 407

Van Rensselaer, Mrs. John King, 363 Van Tromp, Miss, miniatures, 395 Vaux, Richard, 342 Vicaire (Bibliographie), 424 Vienna Cafés (Centennial), 210, 227 Villanova Seminary, 198 Villon, François, essay on, 238 Virginia Company, the first, 219 Virginia, early settlers in, 216, 219 Voltaire (author), 428, 513

Walnut Lane, 298, 538 Walnut Street, 184, 203, 297, 468, 489, 494, 538 Walnut Street Theatre, 67 Wanamaker's, 530 War, Civil, the, 130 Ward, Genevieve, 348 Wardle, Thomas (bookseller), 313 Washington (city), 226, 534


text: Our Philadelphia/Index

title: Our Philadelphia/Index


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pfäfers

PFÄFERS, or Pfeffers, a watering place of Switzerland, in the canton of St. Gall, 2 m. S. of Ragatz. It is more than 2,000 ft. above the sea, and has the so-called indifferent thermal springs, efficacious in rheumatism and nervous diseases. The springs were discovered in 1038. The gorge of the Tamina, leading from the village to the springs, is one of the most picturesque spots in the world.

title: The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pfäfers


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Page:Minutes of War Cabinet Meeting 1.djvu/2

2 The War Cabinet discussed at some length the action to be taken with regard to Greece. The Chief of the Imperial General Staff explained the military aspects of the question. From a military point of view, he said, it was most desirable not to go to war with Greece, but the present position was intolerable, as the concentration of Greek troops at Larissa threatened the flank and rear of the Allied forces based on Salonica. The Greek army, it was true, was not a formidable one. At the present moment, however, from 15,000 to 20,000 men were concentrated in the neighbourhood of Larissa, and these might be raised to a force of from 50,000 to 70,000 men. The Allied forces in the region of Monastir might, in the near future, be in considerable danger if the enemy released troops from the Roumanian front, which he could now do, to attack in Macedonia. It was, therefore, necessary to take immediate action to remove the danger from the Greek forces. His advice was that we should continue to enforce the blockade until the Greeks had withdrawn all their forces from Thessaly to the Morea. His information was to the effect that the Greeks only had wheat for some three weeks' consumption, including the Morea, and six weeks' stock of petroleum, the stocks of coal being sufficient to last to the end of January, or, with great economy, until the middle of February. Most of these stocks were at the Piraeus, and it was desirable that their distribution should not be permitted.

The First Sea Lord pointed out that instructions had been issued to the Vice-Admiral Commanding Eastern Mediterranean to co-operate with the French Commander-in-Chief, and orders had been given him that the mobilisation and concentration of the Greek army towards Larissa should be delayed; that the railway between Larissa and Athens should be attacked by airmen; that ammunition dumps and military stores at Larissa or elsewhere, within reach of aerial attack, should be destroyed by airmen; and that the railway in the vicinity of Mount Olympus, within reach of the sea, should be destroyed by air attack or gun-fire; but that General Sarrail's consent must first be obtained. Unless instructions were sent to the contrary, action might be taken at any moment in execution of these orders.

The Chief of the Imperial General Staff said that instructions had been given to General Milne to assist the Vice-Admiral in any way he could.

The Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs pointed out the risk that General Sarrail might take such action as would drive us into war at once with Greece. He said that the Greek Government had made a protest against the Allied blockade, and he advised that we should give the Greeks clearly to understand that the blockade would not be removed until they had given reparation for the unjustifiable attack on the Allied troops in Athens. He read a draft reply to the Greek protest, which was discussed.

''The War Cabinet were generally averse at this stage to any minor operations, such as raids by aircraft against the Greek communications, which, on the one hand, would only inflict temporary damage, and on the other hand, would actually constitute acts of war. They decided on the following action:—''

(1.) The Foreign Office should send a telegram to Greece based on the following principles:—

(a.) ''The Greek troops in Thessaly should be withdrawn at once to the Morea. Failure to commence the necessary movements within twenty-four hours would be regarded as an act of war.''

(b.) Any movement of troops from the Morea northwards would be regarded as an act of war.


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The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pfalzburg

PFALZBURG (Fr. Phalsbourg), a town of the German Reichsland of Alsace-Lorraine, included before 1871 in the French department of Meurthe, 25 m. N. W. of Strasburg; pop. about 4,300. It occupies a strong position on the W. declivity of the Vosges, commanding one of their passes, and under French rule was a fortress of the second class. In the late war it maintained a gallant defence against the Germans for four months under its commander Taillant, finally surrendering on Dec. 12, 1870. The number of prisoners was 1,900. In 1872 the dismantlement of the town was begun, the new frontiers having greatly diminished its strategical importance.


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The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pfeiffer, Ida

PFEIFFER, Ida, a German traveller, born in Vienna, Oct. 15, 1797, died there, Oct. 27, 1858. Her maiden name was Reyer. The extended journeys through which she became celebrated did not begin until she reached the age of 44, when, having been for some years separated from her husband, her two sons being established in life, and a sufficient sum having accumulated from her careful savings, she gratified her long cherished desire for travel by making a journey to Palestine in 1842, returning through Italy during the same year. In

1845 she visited Norway, Lapland, and Iceland. In June, 1846, she sailed from Hamburg on a voyage round the world, in company with Count Berchthold, from whom she subsequently parted. Disappointed in an attempt to cross South America, she continued her journey from Rio de Janeiro by water, touching at various points, crossing from Valparaiso to Macao, and stopping at Tahiti. From China she went to Calcutta, and thence across India and Persia, and completed her journey by visiting the Black sea, Turkey, and Greece. Aided by the Austrian government, she again embarked in the spring of 1851, and from London proceeded to the Cape of Good Hope, intending to visit the interior of Africa; but, deterred by the great cost of the undertaking, she went on to the East Indian islands, and thence across the Pacific to California. After travelling in South America, she visited the United States and Canada in 1854, and sailed for Liverpool in November. Her subsequent journeys were to the Azores in 1855, and to Madagascar in 1856-'7. Here she arrived in company with a Frenchman, who was soon arrested for a conspiracy to dethrone the queen, and was ordered with his companion to leave the island. Mme. Pfeiffer's death was caused by a malarial fever contracted in Madagascar. She wrote Reise einer Wienerin in das Heilige Land (“Journey of a Vienna Woman in the Holy Land,” 2 vols., Vienna, 1843); Reise nach dem skandinavischen Norden und der Insel Island (Pesth, 1846; English translation, “Journey to Iceland, Sweden, and Norway,” London, 1852); Eine Frauenfahrt um die Welt (3 vols., Vienna, 1850; English, “A Woman's Journey round the World,” London, 1854); and Zweite Weltreise (Vienna, 1856; English, “Second Journey round the World,” London, 1857). See also “The Last Travels of Ida Pfeiffer,” with a biography (London, 1861).


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Page:Annotated Edition of the Authorised Daily Prayer Book.djvu/23

Rh Amoraim, who compiled the Talmud in the fifth century of the current era. The Gaonim held sway in the Persian schools for several centuries, and the Gaon Amram, at about the year 870, prepared a Seder or Prayer Book, with which our present services are in general agreement in so far as the main elements of the liturgy are concerned. Nor does the antiquity of the Prayer Book end there. Many of the exact forms now in use are to be found in the pages of the Talmud itself, and (as will be indicated in the notes on the separate prayers) some go back to a far earlier date.

The Jewish liturgy, in fact, grew up while the second Temple still stood. There is no doubt but that the Synagogue system must have been established, at home as well as in the diaspora, soon after the return from the Babylonian exile. During the exile itself the Jews in Babylon must have met on Sabbaths for prayer and instruction. Ezra's reorganisation of the community included arrangements for the public reading of the Law and the regulation of congregational worship. In the Temple itself, besides the sacrifices brought by the priests, during some of which the penitent sinner made confession, there were songs and Psalms sung by the Levites, and prayers in which the Israelites joined. The passage from Deuteronomy, known from its first word as the Shema ("Hear, O Israel"), and the Ten Commandments, were recited daily in the Temple. The eighteen (or nineteen) benedictions known as "tephillah" (lit. prayer) were, in so far at least as the first three and the last three paragraphs, composed in pre-Maccabean times. Very early, too, are the passages which precede and follow the Shema, viz. the passage beginning With abounding love hast thou loved us which precedes the Shema, and the passage beginning True and firm...is this thy word which follows the Shema. Round this nucleus the service was built into the form in which it is now before us. The early association of public worship with the Temple influenced not only the hours at which the daily services are celebrated—corresponding as


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The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pfister, Albrecht

PFISTER, Albrecht, a German printer of the 15th century, born about 1420, died about 1470. He was a card painter in Bamberg, but about 1455 began to print with movable types. The types of Pfister, although similar to Gutenberg's, are peculiar. He began with the printing of school and prayer books, and fragments of Latin grammars of his work have lasted to our time. Among his productions were indulgences printed with metal types of the years 1454 and 1455, an almanac of 1457, and a Biblia Pauperum. His great work is the Latin 36-line Bible in 3 vols. folio, and consisting of 881 leaves.


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The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Pforzheim

PFORZHEIM, a town of Baden, at the confluence of the Nagold and the Enz, and at the foot of the Black Forest, 16 m. S. E. of Carlsruhe; pop. in 1871, 19,801. It has an ancient castle, the church of which contains the tombs and monuments of members of the grand-ducal family, a deaf and dumb institution, an insane asylum, an orphan asylum, and poorhouses. Its manufactures include jewelry, cloth, chemicals, oil, paper, and leather.


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The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Halberstadt

HALBERSTADT, a town of Prussian Saxony, in the district and 28 m. S. W. of the city of Magdeburg, on the right bank of the Holzemme; pop. in 1871, 25,421. The principal public buildings are the Dom or cathedral, a Gothic structure restored in 1850, which contains celebrated collections of the episcopal and priestly robes of the middle ages, and the Liebfrauenkirche, erected in the 11th century, in the Byzantine style, with singular bass-reliefs and wall paintings. Halberstadt has a gymnasium and a number of schools, two large libraries, and good collections of coins, antiquities, and pictures, many of the last in the so-called “temple of friendship.” The chief manufactures are woollen cloth, gloves, carpets, refined sugar, leather, tobacco, cigars, and chemical products. The poet Gleim gathered around him in this town a large circle of authors, which was called the poetical union of Halberstadt; and he was buried here. In the middle ages the bishopric of Halberstadt formed a state of the empire.


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The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Halbig, Johann

HALBIG, Johann, a German sculptor, born at Donnersdorf, Bavaria, July 13, 1814. He was educated in the academy of Munich, and became professor of statuary there. Since 1835 he has executed the group of lions for the old Pinakothek, the statues of Roma and Minerva in the royal park, and many other important works in Munich and other German cities, in Russia, and in Belgium. He is said to have modelled since 1846 more than 1,000 busts. His most celebrated works are the group of lions at the Munich gate of Victory, and the 18 figures representing the principal states of Germany in the hall of independence at Kelheim; the statue of Christ on the cross in the Campo Santo of Munich (1853); the monument in honor of Maximilian II. in the town (1854), and that at the port, of Lindau; and an allegorical group representing North America for a gentleman of New York. In 1873 he was commissioned by Louis II. of Bavaria to prepare a colossal group of the crucifixion to be erected on the mountain near Oberammergau; and in 1874 he designed a statue of the late king William of Würtemberg for the town of Canstatt.


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The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Haldane

'''HALDANE. I. Robert,''' a Scottish philanthropist, born in 1764, died Dec. 12, 1842. Though heir to a large property, he had a passion for a seafaring life, and in 1780 entered the royal navy, in which he served with honor under Capt. Jervis, afterward Earl St. Vincent. He retired from the navy in 1783, and in 1785

married and settled upon his estate of Airthrey. He welcomed the advent of the French revolution, and was consequently exposed to much obloquy; but, disappointed by the revolutionary excesses, and convinced of the divine origin of Christianity, he resolved to devote his life to its advancement. He conceived the idea of organizing a vast scheme of missionary labor in India, including the establishment of schools and a printing press, all the expenses to be borne by himself. The East India company, suspecting some hidden design, refused to sanction the scheme, and Haldane was forced to abandon it. He then selected Scotland as his field of work, sold his estate, and devoted his means to hiring and erecting places for worship, and to educating young men for the ministry. His efforts were highly successful in this respect. Afterward he formed a plan for the evangelization of Africa, and imported 30 children from Sierra Leone to receive Christian education, giving his bond for £7,000 to pay the expenses. At the commencement of his revival labors in Scotland he seceded from the established church and adopted many of the tenets of Sandeman, with some rigid forms of discipline; and he afterward joined the Baptists, but gave no prominence to peculiar sectarian views. He published a work on the “Evidence and Authority of Divine Revelation” (Edinburgh, 1816), an “Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans” (London, 1835), and several minor writings. '''II. James Alexander,''' brother of the preceding, born in Dundee, July 14, 1768, died in Edinburgh, Feb. 8, 1851. In 1785 he went to sea in the service of the East India company, and in 1793 was appointed captain of a ship. But while the vessel was detained he experienced a religious change like that of his brother. He sold his commission and his share of the ship's property for £15,000, retired to Scotland, and devoted himself to religious labors. He made journeys through the country, gathering large congregations, for which churches were immediately built by his brother Robert. In 1799 he became pastor of the Tabernacle in Leith walk, Edinburgh, in which office he continued without emolument for more than 50 years. His life, with that of his brother, was written by Alexander Haldane (London, 1852).

title: The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Haldane