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xii This did not result from imitation; for it was not till Shelley resided in Italy that he made Plato his study. He then translated his Symposium and his Ion; and the English language boasts of no more brilliant composition than Plato’s Praise of Love translated by Shelley. To return to his own poetry. The luxury of imagination, which sought nothing beyond itself (as a child burdens itself with spring flowers, thinking of no use beyond the enjoyment of gathering them), often showed itself in his verses: they will be only appreciated by minds which have resemblance to his own; and the mystic subtlety of many of his thoughts will share the same fate. The metaphysical strain that characterizes much of what he has written was, indeed, the portion of his works to which, apart from those whose scope was to awaken mankind to aspirations for what he considered the true and good, he was himself particularly attached. There is much, however, that speaks to the many. When he would consent to dismiss these huntings after the obscure (which, entwined with his nature as they were, he did with difficulty), no poet ever expressed in sweeter, more heart-reaching, or more passionate verse, the gentler or more forcible emotions of the soul.

A wise friend once wrote to Shelley: ‘You are still very young, and in certain essential respects you do not yet sufficiently perceive that you are so.’ It is seldom that the young know what youth is, till they have got beyond its period; and time was not given him to attain this knowledge. It must be remembered that there is the stamp of such inexperience on all he wrote; he had not completed his nine-and-twentieth year when he died. The calm of middle life did not add the seal of the virtues which adorn maturity to those generated by the vehement spirit of youth. Through life also he was a martyr to ill-health, and constant pain wound up his nerves to a pitch of susceptibility that rendered his views of life different from those of a man in the enjoyment of healthy sensations. Perfectly gentle and forbearing in manner, he suffered a good deal of internal irritability, or rather excitement, and his fortitude to bear was almost always on the stretch; and thus, during a short life, he had gone through more experience of sensation than many whose existence is protracted. ‘If I die to-morrow,’ he said, on the eve of his unanticipated death, ‘I have lived to be older than my father.’ The weight of thought and feeling burdened him heavily; you read his sufferings in his attenuated frame, while you perceived the mastery he held over them in his animated countenance and brilliant eyes.

He died, and the world showed no outward sign. But his influence over mankind, though slow in growth, is fast augmenting; and, in the ameliorations that have taken place in the political state of his country, we may trace in part the operation of his arduous struggles. His spirit gathers peace in its new state from the sense that, though late, his exertions were not made in vain, and in the progress of the liberty he so fondly loved.

He died, and his place, among those who knew him intimately, has never been filled up. He walked beside them like a spirit of good to comfort and benefit—to enlighten the darkness of life with irradiations of genius, to cheer it with his sympathy and love. Any one, once


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Rh attached to Shelley, must feel all other affections, however true and fond, as wasted on barren soil in comparison. It is our best consolation to know that such a pure-minded and exalted being was once among us, and now exists where we hope one day to join him;—although the intolerant, in their blindness, poured down anathemas, the Spirit of Good, who can judge the heart, never rejected him.

In the notes appended to the poems I have endeavoured to narrate the origin and history of each. The loss of nearly all letters and papers which refer to his early life renders the execution more imperfect than it would otherwise have been. I have, however, the liveliest recollection of all that was done and said during the period of my knowing him. Every impression is as clear as if stamped yesterday, and I have no apprehension of any mistake in my statements as far as they go. In other respects I am indeed incompetent: but I feel the importance of the task, and regard it as my most sacred duty. I endeavour to fulfil it in a manner he would himself approve; and hope, in this publication, to lay the first stone of a monument due to Shelley’s genius, his sufferings, and his virtues:

revising this new edition, and carefully consulting Shelley’s scattered and confused papers, I found a few fragments which had hitherto escaped me, and was enabled to complete a few poems hitherto left unfinished. What at one time escapes the searching eye, dimmed by its own earnestness, becomes clear at a future period. By the aid of a friend, I also present some poems complete and correct which hitherto have been defaced by various mistakes and omissions. It was suggested that the poem To the Queen of my Heart was falsely attributed to Shelley. I certainly find no trace of it among his papers; and, as those of his intimate friends whom I have consulted never heard of it, I omit it.

Two poems are added of some length, Swellfoot the Tyrant and Peter Bell the Third. I have mentioned the circumstances under which they were written in the notes; and need only add that they are conceived in a very different spirit from Shelley’s usual compositions. They are specimens of the burlesque and fanciful; but, although they adopt a familiar style and homely imagery, there shine through the radiance of the poet’s imagination the earnest views and opinions of the politician and the moralist.

At my request the publisher has restored the omitted passages of Queen Mab. I now present this edition as a complete collection of my husband’s poetical works, and I do not foresee that I can hereafter add to or take away a word or line.

, November 6, 1839.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Author talk:Malcolm Alexander Clement Fraser

Death

Fraser	 Malcolm A C	 66	 Cheadle	 6b	248
 * Deaths Sep 1923

Birth
Fraser	 Malcolm Alexander Clement	 	 Uttoxeter	 6b	250
 * Births Mar 1857

Obit

 * The Times (London), Thursday, Sep 20, 1923; pg. 13; Issue 43451.' — Mr. Malcolm Fraser.


text:
Letter from James Wilkinson to Thomas Jefferson (October 20, 1806)

The following information appears to rest on such broad and explicit grounds, as to exclude all doubts of its authenticity:

A numerous and powerful association, extending from New York through the Western States, to the territory bordering on the Mississippi, has been formed, with the design to levy and rendezvous eight or ten thousand men in New Orleans, at a very near period; and from thence, with the co-operation of a naval armament, to carry an expedition against Vera Cruz.

Agents from Mexico, who were in Philadelphia in the beginning of August, are engaged in this enterprise; these persons have given assurances, that the landing of the proposed expedition will be seconded by so general an insurrection, as to insure the subversion of the present government, and silence all opposition in three or four weeks. A body of the associates is to descend the Alleghany river, and the first general rendezvous will be held near the Rapids of the Ohio, on or before the 20th of next month, from whence this corps is to proceed in light boats, with the utmost possible velocity, for the city of New Orleans, under the expectation of being joined in their route by auxiliaries from the State of Tennessee and other quarters.

It is unknown under what authority this enterprise has been projected, from whence the means of its support are derived, or what may be the intentions of its leaders, in relation to the territory of Orleans. But it is believed that the maritime co-operation will depend on a British squadron from the West Indies, under ostensible command of American masters.

Active influential characters have been engaged in these transactions, for six or eight months past; and their preparations are reported to be in such a state of maturity, that it is expected the van will reach New Orleans in December, where the necessary organisation and equipments are to be completed with promptitude, and it is proposed that the expedition should sail for Vera Cruz about the 1st of February.

This information has recently reached the reporter through several channels so direct and confidential, that he cannot doubt the facts set forth: and, therefore, he considers it his duty to make this representation to the executive by a courier extraordinary, to whom he has furnished five hundred dollars; being persuaded, should it prove unfounded, his precaution will be justified, and that otherwise his vigilance will be applauded.

JA. WILKINSON.


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Help talk:Table

Help: Table # Spanning_Pages
As far as I can see the examples in this paragraph are not correct. Can anyone please check this.

I compare with: Help:Page breaks which gives a good and clear description.

Greetings, --Dick Bos (talk) 21:43, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

Strange things happening.....
I don't understand the paragraphs below...... --Dick Bos (talk) 21:43, 24 February 2016 (UTC)

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Rotating tables
By using HTML, can I rotate a table? In many of the table missing pages, the tables are actually in vertical form. Adithyak1997 (talk) 18:00, 28 June 2018 (UTC)

title: Help talk:Table


text:
Letter from James Wilkinson to Thomas Jefferson (October 21, 1806)

Natchitoches, October 21st, 1806.

Sir.—Whatever may be the general impropriety, I persuade myself that on a subject irrelative to my official obligations, I shall be excused for addressing you directly and confidentially-, but I have another and a more cogent reason for deviating, in this instance, from the ordinary course of my correspondence. It is possible the momentous occasion of this letter, and the vital importance attached to it, may have excited solicitudes to beguile my understanding and delude my judgment; and in such case I trust the integrity of the intention will secure me your confidence, and that this letter, with the communication it covers, may find their graves in your breast. For although my information appears too direct and circumstantial to be fictitious, yet the magnitude of the enterprise, the desperation of the plan, and the stupendous consequences with which it seems pregnant, stagger my belief, and excite doubts of the reality, against the conviction of my senses; and it is for this reason I shall forbear to commit names, because it is my desire to avert a great public calamity, and not to mar a salutary design or to injure any one undesignedly. I have never in my whole life found myself under such circumstances of perplexity and embarrassment as at present; for I am not only uninformed of the prime mover, and ultimate objects of this daring enterprise, but am ignorant of the foundation on which it rests, of the means by which it is to be supported, and whether any immediate or collateral protection, internal or external, is expected. Among other allurements proposed to me, I am informed you connive at the combination, and that our country will justify it; but when I examine my orders of the 6th May, I am obliged to discredit it-these imputations. But should this association be formed in opposition to the laws, and in defiance of government, then I have no doubt that the revolt of this territory will be made an auxiliary step to the main design of attacking Mexico, to give it a new master in the place of promised liberty. Could the fact be ascertained to me, I believe I should hazard my discretion, make the best compromise I could with Salcedo, in my power, and throw myself with my little band into New Orleans, to be ready to defend that capital against usurpation and violence. It is true the works of the place have mouldered to ruin; yet I think they may by extraordinary exertions, in a few weeks, be rendered defensible against an undisciplined rabble acting in a bad cause. But, sir, with my instructions before me, and without evidence of the design, principle or support, of the corps of associates expected from the Ohio, I dare not turn my back on the Spaniards, now in my front, and abandon this scene of disaffection to the certain evils which, without some strong measure of prevention, may possibly accrue in New Orleans.

If it should be found necessary to the preservation of exterior engagements or internal security, or to the support of the laws and government, to oppose the meditated movements from the Ohio, I would recommend the immediate adoption of the following measures, viz: 1st. The troops from the bank of the Missouri, from St. Vincents, South-west Point, and Massae, to take post at the Iron Banks on the Mississippi, about fifteen miles below the mouth of the Ohio, with the artillery at those posts, and orders to prevent the passage of persons or property (down the river) except under such passports as you may think proper to prescribe. I prefer the Iron Banks, because the river at that point is confined to a narrow bed, and may be effectually commanded, and I would recommend Captain D. Bissel, now at Massae, for the command: 2d. A squadron of sloops of war and gun boats should be ordered to take possession of the mouth of the Mississippi within the bar, to prevent the entrance of all armed vessels and transports, unless particularly licensed by government: 3d. A competent regular force should be levied and organised to pursue the outlaws, to shut them up and compel them to surrender at discretion.

By the first step, it would be proposed to cut off supplies of provisions and prevent the junction of auxiliaries from the sources of insurrection. By the second, to destroy every hope and expectation founded on co-operation of maritime force: and the third speaks too plainly for itself to need explanation.

Amidst the uncertainty and doubts which perplex me, I feel disposed to adopt the following conclusions: should the conduct of the Spaniards in my front justify it, I shall take the precaution either to go myself, or to send Colonel Cushing, to New Orleans, with every man who may be safely detached from this point, in order to put the words of the Forts St. Charles, and St. Louis, in the best possible state of defence, time and things may enable me, to secure the cannon, arms, military stores and other public property, against any lawless attempt, by whoever made.

If the designs of the combination should be pointed against the government, our communication by mail will be cut off, and all doubtful characters travelling from this quarter towards the Atlantic will be stopt: I have, therefore, judged it expedient, to silence suspicion, and to secure and accelerate the arrival of this dispatch to your hands, to cause the bearer, Lieutenant Thomas A. Smith, a young officer of good promise and entire trust, ostensibly to resign his commission and quit the service; it is, therefore, necessary you should instruct the secretary of war to reject his resignation and continue him on the rolls; and I hope, sir, should he acquit himself with satisfactory discretion and promptitude, on the journey he has undertaken, that you may give him some mark of your approbation, and send him back to me. Reposing, with entire confidence, in your justice and your wisdom, that no application will be made of this letter, which the national interests do not exact; I hold myself ready to receive and execute your orders, when and where you may think proper to direct.

And am, Sir,

Your faithful and obliged soldier and servant,

JA. WILKINSON.


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104 change their hereditary customs or invest them with new ideas. Good and faithful enough they were until the impression was fixed upon them, that they were losing their national "costumbres."

A gentleman who often visited our house, and who had been long a resident of the country, and who knew full well the importance of the mozo, and that the respectability of our household was at a low ebb without that all-important adjunct, kindly loaned us one of his trusties. Many times we were the recipients from him of this order of hospitality.

I used to think there could be no better opening for a good, paying business than for some enterprising Mexican to establish an employment bureau for mozos, and exact of them that their families reside in the same city.

Cosme, our borrowed mozo, was duly installed, with highly gratifying results. He was several degrees above the common herd, and more trusty than the best, having been trained by Doña Angelina, the wife of our friend. Cosme had a most benignant face, with an open, beaming countenance, and every duty he performed was done with the zeal and alacrity which had characterized no other mozo, within the range of my experience. The wish in my heart that took precedence of all others, at this time, was, that I should not be forced to the necessity of hearing from him that forever emphatic avowal which had ere now well-nigh crazed me, "No es costumbre!" I knew, if he once began, my peace of mind and happiness were gone.

To prevent it, every species of a now highly cultivated ingenuity was called to my assistance. The possibility began to haunt me like a grim specter. It was ever present day or night, awake or asleep. It never relinquished its hold upon my faculties. It was written on the wall, look where I would. It stalked up and down the street defiantly. It was astride every burro, and waved its hands at me, every turn I made in the house. My brain was on fire, my senses dazed. Where fly for relief? One could hope for a respite from the haunting custom officials, but this, all-pervading, deep-seated, and


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 irrepressible, had screwed its courage to the sticking-place and would not down. My only hope was in Cosme.

Things moved pleasantly enough for the first few days, in which Cosine charmed us by his kindness and watchfulness of the premises. I let him have his own way, about the manner in which his various labors were performed. I remained away from where he was, and not once had the dreaded expression fallen from his lips within my learning, prior to our trip to Palomas. "The things which try people show what is in them." It so proved with Cosme.

Business called us to Palomas for a day. It was settled that we should go in a carriage drawn by a spirited pair of dark mahogany thorough-breds, which had never been known to let anything pass them but a mozo.

Cosme was up betimes on this particular morning. He was more nimble and ready than ever before, in contemplation of the pleasure of an airing in the country. He gave his own characteristic toilet many extra touches. He washed his face and combed his hair, and even borrowed the blacking, in order, as he said: Para dar negro a las botas" ("black his boots "). So excited was he that he partook of little breakfast. The gray dawn silently melted into bright streaks of purple and amber, and the gorgeous rays of the sun threw a genial halo over the quiet city, as he made his happy preparations. When the mozo is promoted to the honor of an equestrian, his name changes to that of "peon de estribo" ("slave of the stirrup"). This will better describe Cosme's services on this occasion than to be known as simply a mozo''. His was no ordinary service.

Custom requires the mozo to lead the way for vehicles, to look out for intruders, ward off interlopers, and to be on hand in case of accident. During long journeys, where the travelers camp out, or stop in mésons, the mozo goes ahead and arranges for the accommodation of the entire party. Not even a drive within the city limits, is contemplated without the mozo leading the way, although every route is thoroughly understood by the driver. He is to be relied upon in his representation as to the safety or expediency of any route or méson.


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108 On this particular morning we went all around our half of the castle, bolting and barring windows and doors, so that even a cat might not intrude during our absence.

A first-class riding horse of large size was scarce indeed, although it was hard to find a really bad-looking one, for, owing to their Andalusian blood, they were all graceful and spirited. It had been our good fortune to procure a large, magnificent animal to be used solely for this purpose. His flowing tail touched the ground, and his mane was long and glossy. He was docile, and frequently ate sugar or salt from my hand. At a moderate speed his gait was easy and comfortable for the rider, but when urged to unusual exertion, it became something terrible. This horse Cosme mounted. Never did mozo start out with prospects more flattering for a pleasant canter over the smooth roads, than did Cosme on that 18th day of September.

After passing through the narrow streets, our road lay for the most part across the usual Sahara-like expanse of country, only varied by the line of mountains on one hand, and on the other by several cotton factories, with their groves of cedar and other evergreens. They were not imposing, but by comparison with the neighboring monotony, to my tired eyes, were as interesting as the most famous castle on the Rhine.

Once or twice we passed strings of burros, overladen with marketable commodities —pulque in sheep-skins, filled even to the feet with the favorite beverage; also wood, stone for building purposes; and whole families of human beings were sometimes perched upon one of these weary animals.


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 By far the most charming sights were several beautiful mountain cascades which gushed at intervals from the rocks in clear streams of sparkling purity. Far up in the ledge of a precipice or declivity, a spring burst forth suddenly, then dropping in a glistening fall, broke away down the scraggy mountain side in a foaming cascade, and, having disported itself in a thousand lights and shapes of beauty, quietly gathered itself together, and flowed away, a musical murmuring brook.

But Cosme took heed to none of these agreeable interludes in the monotony, nor of the monotony itself. He was otherwise engrossed. Intent upon keeping bravely in front of us, where custom had placed him, it became necessary for him to travel faster and faster, until his gallant steed was finally dashing along at the maddest possible rate. There was no restraining our fiery team, and, of course the faster they traveled the worse for poor Cosme. Oblivious to passing objects, the merciless animal bounced Cosme

up and down, but he held on bravely, his arms broadly akimbo, his linen blouse floating out in horizontal lines, his sombrero dancing up and down, as if to keep pace with himself. He swayed backward and forward, jolted and jostled as he kept up his wild career! Now and again he ventured to turn and look back, as if to implore us not to go so fast; but our horses' spirits could not be checked; there was no help for Cosme!

Once, when hedged in by an impassable barrier of stone on one side, and a line of determined burros on the other, we were near enough to call aloud: "Cosme, go more slowly! ride in the rear!"

The temptation and pressure of circumstances were too great, and once again, after an interval of rest, my ears were greeted by the


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 feeble, halting voice of Cosme, uttering in hollow accents: "Pos no es costumbre!"

That grim specter of departed mozos was again thrust at me. But what recourse had I? —what vengeance dared I seek upon this poor untutored boy, for his deep devotion to what he considered the duty of his office? If Cosme had died on the road, or a hundred robbers had surrounded and threatened his life and property, except he rode in the rear of the carriage, he would have forfeited his all, and his body would have been found, where all good mozos like to be—in front.

When Palomas was reached, and our horses were reined in preparatory to halting in front of the house where we were to spend the day, an amusing spectacle greeted us. Faithful Cosme was lying on the ground. The whites of his eyes only were visible; he quaked and shook, as if in convulsion; his tongue lolled from his mouth, and his whole attitude bespoke utter prostration. On stepping from the carriage, I ventured to go near him, and inquire as to the nature and extent of his injuries. Between chattering teeth and spasmodic jerks he raised himself on his elbow, saying: "El caballo anda muy duro" ("The horse goes very hard") —"y tengo mucho dolor de cabeza" ("and I have a bad headache"). Shortly afterwards when he appeared before me again, he had a green leaf pasted on either temple —the sovereign remedy of the common people for headache.

Palomas is a small village, with little to recommend it save that it is picturesquely situated in a pass —Cañon de las Palomas (Pass of the Doves)— in the Sierra Madre Mountains, which here separate the valley of Saltillo from the table-lands leading to San Luis Potosi. It has a thousand inhabitants, consisting for the most


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 part of persons employed in the cotton factory, the leading industry, shepherds and laborers on the adjacent farms.

Rising somewhere amid the heights which frown down upon the inoffensive village a stream of pure, sparkling water resolves itself into quite an imposing cascade, making, at one jump, a fall of perhaps fifty feet, thence flowing, broken and frothing, along its tortuous way through the pass. Here the stream is deflected from its natural bed into a ditch to furnish water-power for a cotton factory of one hundred looms, and having served this purpose, it is taken through irrigating ditches, and spread over the corn and wheat fields of the Saltillo valley. The falling stream is hemmed in on one side by the jagged gray rocks, which rise up, naked and solemn, to grand heights—speaking, in their stern silence, unutterable things.

On the other side, we beheld the verdure of the native grasses, which lent beauty and color to the landscape after the destitution of the bare scenery of our monotonous sixteen-mile ride, and a touch of gentleness to this otherwise rugged and awe-inspiring scene. My imagination readily saw in the crags and serried peaks the likeness to some towering cathedral, and I almost heard the chimes from its turret. In fancy the silent multitude passed in and out at the doors of this imaginary temple, to whisper their petitions, and then disappear in the deep recesses of the rocks.

It was through the Cañon de Palomas that General Minon, who commanded a wing of Santa Anna's cavalry during the American war, was sent to flank General Taylor, from the Agua Nueva, on the day of the battle of Buena Vista. Had General Taylor met with defeat, this cavalry force would have been in Saltillo almost as soon as Taylor's army.

The neighboring mountains are covered with extensive pineries, yielding large quantities of lumber, tar, pitch, and turpentine, which find a market near home.

The house of the hacendado, where we spent the day, was typical of all houses in the towns and villages—a plain adobe structure, low, flat, and with simple pounded, earthen floors. We had scarcely


text:
Category:Remarks recorded for the Hall of Presidents

''Since the Clinton administration, the sitting President of the United States has provided recorded remarks for The Walt Disney Company to use in The Hall of Presidents show at Walt Disney World. This audio is then used with an Audio-Animatronic® robot in the President's likeness towards the end of the presentation.''

Texts posted to this category will normally be transcriptions of the audio that the President contributed to the attraction.


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1896. 16.—(1.) Town commissioners under the Towns Improvement(Ireland) Act, 1864, or any Act incorporating that Act in whole or in part, may, when assessing any rate leviable throughout the whole of their district, divide the rate so as to show the respective portions thereof required for sanitary purposes within the meaning of section two hundred and twenty-seven of the principal Act, and for other purposes.

(2.) Mortgages of rates made by town commissioners under section two hundred and thirty-seven of the principal Act for such other purposes shall be charged upon the portion only of such rates required for those purposes.

(3.) Mortgages of rates made before the passing of this Act by town commissioners under the said section two hundred and thirty-seven for such other purposes shall not be deemed invalid by reason of such mortgages including any portion of such rates required for sanitary purposes only,

17. Section two hundred and forty-eight of the principal Act Audit of shall apply to the accounts of every joint board constituted under accounts, section thirteen of that Act, and the Local Government Board shall ascertain and determine what proportion of the salaries paid to the auditors mentioned in section six of the Local Government Board (Ireland) Act, 1872 should be paid in respect of the audit of the accounts of any such joint board or of any urban sanitary authority, and the amount so ascertained in respect of each such board or authority shall be payable by such board or authority, and shall be paid accordingly to such bank or person as the Local Government Board may direct.

In the application to Ireland of the Infectious Disease Meaning of (Notification) Act, 1889. and the Infectious Disease (Prevention) Act, 1890, the expression "the medical officer of health of the district" shall mean the medical officer of the dispensary district and Provided that where a medical superintendent officer of health is appointed for a sanitary district, the Local Government Board may by order direct that for all the purposes of the said Acts such medical superintendent officer shall be substituted for the medical officer of the dispensary district, and upon the making of such order the said Acts shall have effect in their application to that sanitary district as if such substitution had been made therein.

19. The powers of burial boards as to making additions to any power of burial ground shall extend to a burial ground attached to and contiguous to a place of worship, if the Local Government Board shall be of opinion that such addition is desirable, and, after such burial grounds, inquiry as appears to them to be necessary, shall so order, and the provisions of the one hundred and eighty-fourth section of the principal Act shall apply accordingly.

20. If in the case of any burial ground attached or contiguous to to a Roman Catholic place of worship, the ownership of such burial ground is not vested in any person or persons; corporation,


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446 or limited company, and the parish priest officiating for the time being in such place of worship is desirous of putting the burial ground under the management of the burial board of the district, it shall be lawful for him so to do, and the provisions of the one hundred and eighty seventh section of the principal Act shall apply accordingly.

21.—(1) In a town, not being an urban sanitary district, town commissioners for the time being existing for the paving, lighting, or cleansing of that town, under any public or private Act of markets. Parliament or any charter, shall, for the purpose of the one hundred and third section of the principal Act, be deemed to be an urban authority, and the said section, as amended by this Act, shall apply accordingly.

(2.) For the purpose of byelaws to be made by towns commissioners in pursuance of the powers conferred on them by the said section, the provisions of the fifty-seventh section of the Towns Improvement (Ireland) Act, 1854, shall apply both as regards fairs and markets, and shall be deemed to be incorporated with this Act.

22. The approval of the Local Government Board to byelaws made under the Baths and Washhouses (Ireland) Act, 1846, shall, for the purpose of section twenty of that Act, be substituted for the approval of one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State.

23. In the application to Ireland of the Public Health and Local Government Conferences Act. 1885, the expression "clerk to the local authority" shall include any executive sanitary officer, borough surveyor, or engineer or other officer duly appointed by the local authority to attend conferences or meetings under that Act.

24. If the person appointed under sub-section seven of section two hundred and seventeen of the principal Act by the arbitrators to be an umpire refuses to act, the arbitrators shall forthwith appoint another person in his stead.

25. The signature by the executive sanitary officer of the sanitary authority of any document referred to in section two hundred and sixty-six of the principal Act shall be sufficient authentication thereof for the purposes of the said section.

26. In section forty of the principal Act, the words "erect or" shall be inserted before the words "bring forward."

27. In section twenty-eight of the principal Act the word "levelled" shall be inserted after the word "sewered" where that word first occurs in the said section.

28. The expression "Public Health (Ireland) Act, 1874," wherever it occurs in the Rivers Pollution Prevention Act, 1876, shall, in the application of the said Act of 1876, to Ireland, be construed as meaning the Public Health (Ireland) Acts, 1878 to 1890.


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A.D. 1896.] cxxvii. An Act to authorise the transfer of certain Waterworks to the East Surrey Water Company and to extend the limits of supply of and confer further powers upon that Company and for other purposes. (East Surrey Water.)

cxxviii. An Act to confer further powers on the London Brighton and South Coast and London and South Western Railway Companies to authorise certain alterations of the Chipstead Valley Railway and for other purposes. (London Brighton and South Coast Railway.)

cxxix. An Act to revive the powers and extend the period for construction of the Blackpool Saint Anne's and Lytham Tramways in the County Palatine of Lancaster and for other purposes. (Blackpool St. Anne's and Lytham Tramways.)

cxxx. An Act to alter the North Shore Works authorised to be constructed by the Blackpool Improvement Act 1893 and for other purposes. (Blackpool Improvement.)

cxxxi. An Act for the amalgamation of Foyle College and the Londonderry Academical Institution. (Foyle College.)

cxxxii. An Act to empower the Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Gateshead Gas Company to purchase additional lands to make additional works and to raise additional capital and for other purposes. (Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Gateshead Gas.)

cxxxili. An Act to authorise the Waterworks Commissioners of Kirkcaldy and Dysart to make and maintain additional works for providing an increased Water Supply and for other purposes. (Kirkclady and Dysart Waterworks.)

cxxxiv. An Act for conferring further powers upon the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company and the London and North Western Railway Company with regard to their respective undertakings and with regards to the North Union Preston and Longridge and Preston and Wyre Undertakings of those Companies and for other purposes. (Lancashire and Yorkshire and London and North Western Railway Companies.)

cxxxv. An Act to confer further powers upon the Borough of Portsmouth Waterworks Company as to the construction of works and for other purposes. (Borough of Portsmouth Waterworks.)

cxxxvi. An Act to empower the Mayor Aldermen and Citizens of the City of Sheffield to work and use their Sheffield Tramways Undertaking. (Sheffield Corporation Tramways.)

cxxxvii. An Act to authorise the transfer of the undertaking of the Shoreham and District Waterworks Company to and to confer further powers upon the Mayor Aldermen and Burgesses of the Borough of Brighton and for other purposes. (Brighton Corporation Water.)

cxxxviii. An Act to confer further powers upon the Great Northern Railway Company to empower the Great Eastern Railway Company to grant a further lease of their Ramsey Railway to that Company to vest in the Great Northern and Great Eastern Joint Committee the undertaking of the


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 entered the best room of the house, when one of my favorite Mexican processions approached the big door. A string of fifteen meek-looking donkeys laden with wood marched solemnly through the main hall just as they did in my own house, followed closely by the driver, uttering his characteristic "tschew! tschew!—and punching them at every step.

The parlor had its line of plain home-manufactured chairs, arranged methodically around the sides of the room, as close together as they could possibly be placed. At the extreme end, farthest from the door, was a home-contrived sofa, or divan, which extended almost the entire length of the room. It was built into the wall, having only the front legs visible. Its height was nearly two feet from the floor. At either end were seven hard stiff cotton pillows elaborated with Mexican lace, the product of a universal feminine instinct. The covering was a gay chintz, which was fastened to the framework as a cushion, and the upholstering was completed below by a valance of the same fabric.

The rocking-chairs,—home-manufactured also—occupied their normal attitudes as vis-à-vis, at either end of the sofa. I was tired from the long drive, and the rocking chairs had an inviting look, so without ceremony I ventured to take one. Instantly three women came to me, all laying their hands tenderly about me, and with one voice insisted that I must occupy the sofa.

To ascend this wonderful structure—"la sofacita," as it was called—I found it necessary to give a spring and a leap, almost as if vaulting into a saddle.

An unusual bustle and commotion about the house, and the continual passing back and forth of so many people, made it evident that some exciting event was about to take place. Two doctors were to perform some surgical operations. About half a dozen girls were


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 suffering from enlarged tonsils, which it had become necessary to remove. The girls belonged to different families, and this fact set me to speculating as to whether enlarged tonsils were contagious, customary, or due to the climate. Having already received so many proofs of their martyr-like devotion to their customs, I was prepared to adopt the second hypothesis upon the slightest evidence. When the surgeons were ready, the father of the eldest girl, with great tenderness, placed her in a chair. The mother fled to the corral to avoid the sight of her child's distress and pain. As soon as the girl was in a position ready for the instrument, she would jump, and wring her hands, crying and solemnly declaring, she could not, and would not, submit to the operation. All the neighbors came in to look on, and with difficulty she was finally held down by the strong arms of her father and one of the surgeons,—and the work was done. The father with deep concern, murmured something, to my ear almost inaudible, but he kissed the girl again and again; and at last the words came: "My poor child! my baby! my sweet, good girl!"

The other girls were soon induced, by the gay spirits and complacence of the first, to be seated and have a similar operation performed. I thought of the well-known fable of the fox, when the tree had fallen on his tail, depriving him of that useful appendage, when with characteristic cunning, he told the other foxes that to wear no tail was the mode, and thereupon no-tailed foxes at once became the prevailing style. An old woman, who looked like a servant, came in and performed various, and, to me, amusing incantations with the forefinger of her right hand; keeping up at the same time a continuous mumbling of some incoherences peculiar to her class.

The curiosity that was manifested by the crowd, and the earnest inspections that took place after the operations were made, and the vigilance with which the girls watched the disposition of their bereft members provoked a smile. It reminded me of childhood days, when we jealously guarded a tooth when it fell out, for fear that a pig might get it, and the dire consequence follow of a pig's tooth taking the place of the lost one.


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1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Francis Ferdinand

FRANCIS FERDINAND (1863-1914), Archduke of Austria, was born at Graz Dec. 18 1863. His father was the Archduke Charles Louis, second of the younger brothers of the Emperor Francis Joseph; his mother was the Princess Maria Annunciata, daughter of the Bourbon King

Ferdinand II. of the Two Sicilies. His mother died while he was a child, but he was affectionately cared for by his father's second wife, Maria Theresa of Braganza, daughter of the exiled Portuguese Prince Dom Miguel of Braganza. He received the education usually given to members of the imperial family, not too thorough a one, as his succession to the throne was not anticipated. In later years, when he had become heir to the throne, Francis Ferdinand worked with iron industry to fill in the gaps in his education; he learned the languages of the nations over whom he appeared to be called to rule, and took pleasure in obtaining instruction from leading men of science in their special branches of knowledge. He showed special interest in the natural sciences and in the plastic and pictorial arts, but had little taste for poetry and music.

When the education prescribed for him was completed Francis Ferdinand, still following the archducal tradition, entered the army, which kept him for many years away from the imperial palace. In 1875 he took the name of Austria-Este, as heir of his uncle the Duke of Modena, with whose death the male line of this branch of the house became extinct, and of his possessions in Austria-Hungary and Italy. Until the death on Jan. 30 1889 of the Crown Prince Rudolf, Francis Ferdinand was only known in limited circles, and even then he did not at first play any prominent part. For although his father, the next heir to the throne, showed little inclination to make use of his rights when occasion offered, his uncle the Emperor did not give Francis Ferdinand any share in the business of government. He devoted himself as before to his military duties and to the management of his extensive estates. In 1892-3 he made a world tour, which he described in two volumes issued in 1895. He himself states the chief aim of his travels to have been the satisfaction of his desire to become acquainted with foreign systems of government, and to get into touch with foreign peoples and persons and foreign manners and customs. But his delight in the adventures of the chase — he was an excellent sportsman and an admirable shot — his strongly developed feeling for nature, and the desire of his friends and relations to strengthen the uncertain health of a prince born of a consumptive mother counted among the reasons for the long journey. The last aim was not realized; Francis Ferdinand's sufferings notably increased after his return, and compelled him, after his father's death in May 1906 had made him heir-apparent to the throne, to spend considerable periods in southern resorts. The undisguised haste with which many people, especially those connected with the court, who had hitherto courted him, deserted him, now that he was seriously ill and his succession improbable, hardened the prince's character, which was not naturally gentle, increased his distrust of the men who surrounded him, and heightened his contempt for mankind.

When his health improved he returned home and spent a considerable time very actively on his estate at Konopischt, where he established a model farm and gained the reputation of a close-fisted and not very popular master. Even then he was not invited by Francis Joseph to take part in state affairs; yet the Emperor frequently commissioned him to represent him abroad, and gradually allowed him to exercise greater influence in military matters. In 1896 Francis Ferdinand became a cavalry general, and on April 1 1898 he was placed at the disposition of the supreme army command; in 1902 he became an admiral of the Austro-Hungarian fleet. Learned bodies and artistic societies gave him their highest places of honour. He became honorary member and later curator of the Imperial Academy of Science at Vienna and patron of the Academies of Science in Prague and Cracow.

On July 1 1900 Francis Ferdinand married Countess Sophie Chotek (1868-1914), after having overcome by tenacious persistence the obstacle due to the fact that the lady was not of royal family, and renounced, a few days before the ceremony, the succession rights of any children of the union. This renunciation was not only inscribed in the records of the imperial family, but ratified in the Austrian and Hungarian Parliaments and sanctioned by a law of Dec. 4 1900. The consort of the heir to the throne was raised to princely rank with the title of Hohenberg; later on she received the rank of duchess with the style of

“highness.” Of this marriage were born a daughter, Sophia (b. 1901), and two sons, Max (b. 1902) and Ernest (b. 1904). The influence of his ambitious, clever, rigidly Catholic wife on the heir to the throne was lasting. The difficulty of providing her with a position at Court corresponding with his own and her desires estranged him from the majority of the members of the imperial house, and influenced unfavourably his relations with Francis Joseph, with whom he had never really been on intimate terms. Still his influence increased as years went on; the Emperor gradually allotted to him responsibilities of his own, not only in military matters but occasionally in questions of domestic politics. Yet until Francis Ferdinand's death the Emperor reserved for himself the final decision in every question which arose. The difference of outlook of the two men became more and more marked; for with advancing age Francis Joseph was less and less willing to consider far-reaching reforms, was anxious to avoid any conflict with the nationalities, and preferred advisers who knew how to untie a knot gently instead of hacking through it. It is not surprising that he did not like Francis Ferdinand, who advised rapid and energetic action and, if necessary, methods of violence. So it happened that the nephew did not take into sufficient consideration the jealousy with which his aged uncle guarded his rights as a ruler; he repeatedly spoke of the responsibility which God had imposed on him with his right of succession; he would express a curt opinion on men and things when he knew that they did not correspond with the view of the sovereign. The estrangement increased; personal contact became rarer; Francis Ferdinand came into the Emperor's presence only on exceptional occasions; as a rule he contented himself with expressing his views in writing, and they very rarely agreed with his uncle's. For Francis Ferdinand was decidedly opposed to the preponderant influence exercised in ever-increasing measure by the Magyars in both the domestic and the foreign affairs of the Dual Monarchy, and blamed the complaisance shown by Francis Joseph to all Hungarian demands which did not directly threaten the unity of the monarchy or seriously menace the rights of the throne. Francis Ferdinand was convinced that this Magyar preponderance must be broken in the interests of the monarchy and the dynasty. As to the way in which this struggle was to be conducted his opinion varied from time to time. For some time he was wholly in the camp of the Federalists, and directed his efforts to the splitting-up of the monarchy into a series of states possessing equal rights and held together by a strong central Government. At another period, especially just before the first Serbian crisis, he inclined to “Trialism” as the best solution. At that period he contemplated the union of the Southern Slavs as an independent state within the Habsburg dominions, but abandoned this scheme when he realized that the union of the Austrian and Hungarian Slavs in a separate national system would merely forward the intentions of the Belgrade Government. Later, strongly influenced by the Hungarian minister Kristoffy, he inclined to the idea of attempting, by a change which would leave the dualism of the monarchy as such untouched, to strengthen unity by changing the Delegations into a central Parliament and attaching the annexed provinces Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a state organization of their own, to the Empire. The opposition which he met on all sides from the ruling party in Hungary strengthened his conviction that here lay the essential obstacle to the healthy recovery of the monarchy. In the severe conflicts between the Magyars and the Crown from the beginning of the 20th century onwards he, therefore, maintained the opinion that no concession must be made, and that there should be no shrinking even from the use of armed force for the defence of the rights of the monarchy and the dynasty. The conclusion of the struggle, after a duration of more than five years, in a compromise was a bitter disappointment to Francis Ferdinand, and strengthened his dislike for the Magyar leaders, among whom he particularly hated Stephen Tisza, whose high standing he recognized.

He was more successful in his opposition to the Magyar attempts for the partition of the army. In this, as in the questions of the language to be used in the words of command and

and of the regimental colours and emblems, he had the Emperor's support, and was able to hinder the accomplishment of the Magyar desires.

The zeal with which Francis Ferdinand sought for the solution of domestic political problems by strengthening the central power is explained by his firm conviction that this was the indispensable condition of the position of the monarchy as a Great Power, which he desired to maintain and to increase. Francis Ferdinand was not an unconditional adherent of the group which thought his aim would only be attained by force of arms. He repeatedly foiled their intentions. But he was firmly determined to tread this path if it was the only one by which the goal could be reached. Personal inclination and a conviction of the commanding position of Great Britain made him regard the establishment of good relations with that Power as desirable. Towards the French, and still more towards the Italians, his attitude was cool and negative. He was convinced that it was impossible to establish permanently friendly relations with the Italian nation, and that there must inevitably be a day of reckoning between the monarchy and Italy. He never adopted an anti-Slav policy. Not only did he wish, from the point of view of his plans for internal reconstruction, to avoid conflicts with the principal representatives of the Slav nationalities, but he recognized in the Tsar of Russia the strongest support against revolutionary movements in monarchical states. Nor is it true that he wanted to see Serbia struck out of the list of independent Balkan states; he merely expressed the decided opinion that the encroachments of the Greater Serbia movement on Austro-Hungarian soil should be resisted with all the forces of the monarchy. He stood faithfully by Germany, with whose ruler his relations became more and more intimate, in spite of the difference between the characters of the two men. Yet no one was less inclined to contemplate the monarchy falling into a relation of dependence on her powerful ally than Francis Ferdinand, whose whole being was informed with a sense of the majesty of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty.

Francis Ferdinand was a man of more than average ability. He had a power of quick comprehension; possessed in a high degree the ability to recognize the essential point in any business in which he was engaged, and, unlike his uncle Francis Joseph, did not allow his general impressions to be clouded by too close attention to detail. What he lacked was knowledge of men, calmness and constancy in his relations with the men who had been placed in high offices of state by his influence: Beck, Aehrenthal, Conrad, Auffenberg and others lost, not always for any serious reason, the favour of the heir to the throne as quickly as they had won it. The influence of his wife, ill-natured tittle-tattle to which he listened more and more, and the outbursts of ungovernable rage to which he became increasingly prone with the years, all helped to make intercourse with him more difficult, and prevented a great many persons holding high positions, socially and intellectually, from approaching him. He never enjoyed any wide popularity, and indeed did not seek it.

He asked from the citizens of the monarchy not affection, but submission to the will of the ruler. For to him the State was identified with the divinely appointed person of the monarch. He understood by viribus unitis the union of all the forces of the State for the advantage of the Crown, which on its side had to guard the interests of all. This conception accounts for the fact that he took no particular interest in any of the numerous nationalities of the monarchy. He had undoubtedly German sympathies; but the German Austrians were to him merely the bulwark of the throne and of the power of his House; it would never have occurred to him to make dynastic sacrifices for their sake. Even against the Catholic Church, of which he was a convinced adherent, he maintained the rights of the throne with unbending severity, being in this matter also a true Habsburg.

His tragic end — he was shot June 28 1914 with his wife by Bosnians of Serbian nationality at Serajevo — brought on the World War.

 * (Author:Alfred Francis Pribram)


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 If one thing more than another surprised me, it was the fact that almost without exception, all the family and the people gathered at the house of our host were afflicted with a distressing form of catarrh.

At such an altitude and in a clime so salubrious and bracing, high up in the mountains, with an atmosphere dry and pure, that either lung, nasal, or throat troubles should exist, afforded food for reflection.

Cosme, although sadly battered and bruised, managed to creep to the window, and look on at the result of the operations. On seeing what was going on, he muttered indistinctly: "Carmba!" (Good gracious!)—"Por Dios santo!" The painful experiences of his ride established a community of suffering between himself and the damsels, which gave intense pathos to his words.

About fifty persons had assembled in the house, or hung about the windows. I was so intensely absorbed in studying the strange dark faces and party-colored costumes that it was some time before it dawned upon me that I was, if possible, an object of still greater interest to them than they to me. I spoke to one or two of the women, and reassured by my friendly tones, they approached me. Soon others followed, when I became the center of an extended group—every one regarding me with almost unappeasable curiosity.

Everything about me, to the most trifling detail, filled them with childish astonishment. As their shyness vanished, they became as familiar as children. They toyed with the banged hair on my forehead, saying in amused tones: "''Que bonitas estan!" "Que chulas!''" ("How pretty they are!")

They took off my hat gently, and tried it on, one after another. They felt the texture of my dress—a very simple, navy blue nun's veiling—evidently regarding it as something unapproachably splendid. Then my fan caught their attention. It was the color of the dress, and strewn with red roses. They held it close to the dress, then to the hat, comparing them, and the fact that all three corresponded in color, struck them immediately as decidedly the proper thing. "She has good taste!" they said approvingly to one another,—"Yes, very good taste!—very good manners!—a very fine lady!"


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470 Ramsey and Somersham Junction Railway Company and for other purposes. (Great Northern Railway.)

cxxxix. An Act for conferring further powers on the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company and for other purposes. (Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway.)

cxi. An Act to authorise the North British Railway Company to acquire additional lands to extend the time limited by certain Acts for the compulsory purchase of lands and completion of works to legalise and sanction a widening of a portion of the Forth and Clyde Junction Railway near Buchlywie Station to authorise the said Company to raise further capital and for other purposes. (North British Railway.)

cxii. An Act to authorise the Swansea Harbour Trustees to make a new entrance to the half-tide Basin of the Town Float to construct a Lock to form a new entrance to the half-tide Basin of the South Dock a Railway and other works to borrow further money and for other purposes. (Swansea Harbour.)

cxiii. An Act to make further and better provision in regard to the health local government and improvement of the Borough of Royal Leamington Spa and for other purposes. (Leamington Corporation.)

cxliii An Act to reconstitute the Board of Directors of the Freshwater Yarmouth and Newport Railway Company for raising further moneys and for other purposes (Freshwater Yarmouth and Newport Railway.)

cxliv. An Act to empower the Great Western Railway Company to make new Railways in the county of Denbigh and to authorise Agreements between that Company and the Shropshire Union Railways and Canal Company and the London and North Western Railway Company and for other purposes. (Great Western Railway (Denbigshire Railways).)

cxlv. An Act to enable the Port Talbot Railway and Docks Company to construct new Railways and works in the Ogmore Valleys in the county of Glamorgan to acquire the Morfa Railway and the Cefn and Pyle Railway and for other purposes. (Port Talbot Railway and Docks (Ogmore Valleys Extension).)

cxlvi. An Act to confer further powers upon the Belfast Street Tramways Company and for other purposes. (Belfast Street Tramways.)

cxlvii. An Act for incorporating the Blackpool and Fleetwood Tramroads Company and empowering them to construct a Tramroad and Tramway between Blackpool and Fleetwood and for other purposes. (Blackpool and Fleetwood Tramroad.)

cxlviii. An Act to transfer Burton Bridge to the Mayor Aldermen and Burgesses of the Borough of Burton-upon-Trent in the County of Stafford to enable them to widen Little Burton Bridge to make further provision for the good government of the Borough and for other purposes. (Burton-upon-Trent Corporation.)


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 One of them fingered a knot of red and blue ribbons at my throat, saying: "From France? No such fine things here!"—Everything fine, in their estimation, comes from France. They seemed incredulous, when I patriotically informed them that the United States, and not France, had furnished me forth in all this astonishing glory. Before I knew it, one had picked the bow to pieces, and drawn the ribbons out, to see how long they were. Another called attention to the Newport ties on my feet, and compared them, with much curiosity, and some envy, with her own shoes, which, after the fashion of the country, were sharply pointed. All appreciated the greater comfort of the American-made shoe, but ended by shaking their heads—"Very nice—very pretty—but"—and what an execrable ''but! "no es costumbre Mexicana!''"

They were equally curious about my family relations, asking me the number of my brothers and sisters, nieces, nephews, cousins, and aunts—never stopping until I had named them all, their location and business. When I mentioned a name, they immediately caught it up, and tried to translate it into Spanish, showing much satisfaction when successful. Their efforts in this direction were laughable.

They translated readily Willie, Guillermo; Fanny, Panchita; Richard, Ricardo; Andrew, Andres; but Walter was a stumbling-block, they neither translated nor pronounced it. They asked me if in our country we had houses of adobe and windows like theirs with wooden rods outside? Their eyes opened wide and wider, as I described our houses as from two stories in height, to five, eight, ten and thirteen. They evidently thought I was drawing on my imagination.

When asked if in our country we used carriages, goats, and burros—had haciendas, ranches, factories, and mills, I described as well as I could our resources. They were convulsed when I told them that until I came to Mexico, I had never seen in my whole life more than six burros. They appreciated and sympathized with my lack of education on the burro question; for to be beyond the sight of a line of them was equivalent to being out of the republic.

Every one of the various persons with whom I chatted asked me


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118 if it were not very sad for me in their country. But I had not the courage to tell them it was sad for me; in truth I was so intensely interested in them, and their peculiarities, there was no room for dwelling on myself.

They evidently appreciated my friendly spirit and the willingness with which I allowed them to examine my toilet, not even resenting the liberty of one, somewhat more inquisitive than the rest, who lifted my dress a little to explore my hose, on which they murmured repeatedly: "She is very simpática" a word for which we have no exact equivalent in English, but which perhaps explains itself.

It was among these country people that I first observed any departure from the national type of feature and complexion. Some of them had glossy brown hair, gray eyes, and skin as fair as an Anglo-Saxon; while others had red hair, freckled faces, and pale blue eyes. The parents of one of these was pointed out to me. They were of swarthy brown complexion, with black hair, dark eyes, and in fact, all the characteristics which I had come to regard as typically Mexican. Among them all I observed the same gentleness of demeanor, and courteous bearing, which had already so forcibly impressed me in the city, among all classes.

Birth and education had nothing to do with it. It was an exquisite instinct, common to the people as a nation. Even here in Palomas, among a plain untutored population, of the laboring class, especially among the ignorant, wondering women who had dissected my toilet with such innocent complacency, it struck me, for in spite of their unconventional behavior, they were as gentle and courteous as royal duchesses.

About twelve o'clock, the family began making preparations for serving dinner, which I watched with keen interest. One of the daughters of the hacendado—came into the parlor, and mounting a chair, on which she had placed a box, opened a small door high up in the wall, which I had not before observed. From this snug retreat—the alhacena—she carefully drew forth cups and saucers of exquisite china, as fragile as egg-shells, and beautifully ornamented. When she had


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Rh taken out four of each, she gently closed the door and left me wondering if it had an "open sesame" spring in the bolt; for I looked in vain for the little door, which when closed became invisible. I concluded it was a safe retreat for such articles of value in case of a revolution.

The table was spread in a bed room. We took our seats, the host at the head, but his wife did not put in an appearance, nor indeed did any other member of the family. First of all, soup was served from the kitchen in quaint, glazed pottery bowls, elaborately ornamented on the outside with vines and flowers, and on top of each bowl was a hot tortilla. Next the national puchero was brought in on plates, the tortilla in this instance, being slapped down by our plates from a fork. This removed, a kind of stew, perhaps chile guisado, which I had seen in the market—was served on plates with a narrow green rim around them, and on each was placed another hot tortilla. The next course was roast mutton, served on plates which this time had a red rim—and again a tortilla. Next came a roast of pork, filled with spices and pepper. While hot enough to make one scream, it was nevertheless, delicious. With all these courses, we were served with salsa de chili bravo (green pepper-sauce). Our host took great pains to initiate me into the merits of this sauce, but I could scarcely look at it without shedding tears copiously over its pungency. We had no vegetables, save the puchero which is described in another place; but when the last meat course was removed, we were served with a delicious quince jelly, which ended this excellent and hospitably served repast.

When dinner was over, and I was gratifying an idle curiosity by looking about the rooms, the eldest girl came in, and took her position on the floor, unrolling, as she did so, a handsome pair of slippers which she was embroidering. How strangely out of place they looked to me, in the hands of the girl seated on the earthen floor! I wondered who would be the one about those premises to wear them. But the design and the manner in which the work was executed would have been creditable in any country.

The extreme nicety and regularity with which the Mexican women,


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 even in the plainest walks of life, carry out any contemplated design, with needle and thread, on linen or cotton, is quite remarkable. Time seems to have no value. It is the custom in many places, for girls to learn all the dainty stitches, and while yet in their teens, begin to prepare spreads, table-covers, napkins, and mats, which when they are married will constitute a part of their household goods.

When the wife of our host came in, she found me intently engaged in scrutinizing the bedspread, and began at once explaining its history. She said it was the work of her grandmother, who began it when a girl. It had been a part of her bridal outfit, and afterwards descended to her mother, then to herself. The material was bleached domestic, but the design was at once unique and ingenious. In the center was a large pattern of flowers and fruit, with the daintiest vines, leaves, arteries, and traceries to be imagined—all done by means of drawn threads and spool cotton. Around the entire spread was a valance wrought in the same exquisite manner. The space adjoining the border of plain domestic, above the valance, was a kind of insertion, filled in with figures of girls and boys swinging and dancing, women carrying water on their heads, shepherds with their crooks, and donkeys with their burdens—all truly represented by deft fingers, guided by shrewd feminine observation. A long flat cotton bolster had a case with several subdivisions at equal distances apart, filled in with fine crochet insertion. The bolster had first a covering of red, then the case stretched on, skin-tight, thus exhibiting the pattern of the lace. Laid pyramid-like upon each other were ten pillows, each one a little smaller than the other, and all decorated with the same lace. The spread and pillow-cases represented years of untiring, earnest labor, and also an inconceivable amount of precious eyesight, which these people evidently regarded as a mere nothing.

Altogether the day spent at Palomas was a most agreeable one, and even now to recall it affords a high degree of satisfaction. It opened to an appreciative eye the inner workings of the home life of the plain country people, in their original simplicity. Ah! peaceful Palomas!—"Pass of the Doves"—name unique and suggestive, for


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 their softly-melancholy coo! coo! coo! penetrated this humble home from the clumps of trees near by. May no ruthless innovator remodel your simple adobes! no insatiate gringo invade and despoil your sacred domain! But throughout all time, may you and your honest people continue to live out your lives, undismayed and undisturbed by any progressive, distracting or contaminating influence! In primitive blissful ignorance and innocence may your children live out their allotment of three-score-and-ten years, bare-footed, bare-headed, and unsullied by contact with modern galvanized institutions!

I watched Cosme with a humorous interest while he was preparing

for our return home. He looked at his valiant steed now and again furtively, shaking his head and muttering something about not going so fast on our return. Poor Cosme! It was the old story of man proposing and a higher power disposing. The air was fine and bracing, and when we were all in our proper places for the homeward journey, I will confess to no small amount of uneasiness concerning Cosme.

The numerous and long-continued adios of our kind host and his family, and their friends, were wafted to our ears by the evening breeze, and in a twinkling we were out of sight of the house and dashing along the highway toward home. The horses attached to our vehicle, were apparently fresher than when we started in the morning,


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 and if we went out rapidly, the return was more rapid still. Cosme's horse dashed along before us with lightning speed, and soon made his hapless rider but a vanishing speck in the dim distance. The trip home was accomplished in almost half the time required in the morning.

On the outskirts of the city we halted for a few moments, in conversation with a friend, and Cosme, not knowing it, preceded us to the house. On arriving we found he had opened the great door, and there, on the bench in the hall, he was stretched full length, the most utterly exhausted, bruised and aching martyr that ever suffered for a cherished principle. In spite of the irresistibly comic nature of it all, I could not help feeling an acute sympathy for my poor servant, and Cosme, seeing it, was duly grateful. The horse he had ridden was walking about the court at will.

My dear little friend, Pomposita, had watched for our coming, and I had scarcely alighted from the carriage ere she came over and gathered me in her arms, saying that the day had seemed to her like a week, as she watched and waited for my return with feverish impatience. She clapped her hands, and laughed immoderately, when I related to her the amusing incidents of our trip to Palomas.

The next day Cosme appeared before me limping, while his countenance was indeed crestfallen and sorrowful as he said that he would have to leave our service, adding in a conciliatory way that it was not because he did not like us and our mode of life, nor that he would not willingly serve us until the end of his days, but he wished to learn the trade of a blacksmith.

The dreadful suspicion dawned upon me, that as I could not Americanize the mozo I would have to Mexicanize myself and household. Faithful Cosme! How sorry I was to lose him At last I knew enough of the characteristics of the mozo to shrewdly suspect that his excuse was only a polite cover for his deep consciousness of the sufferings he had endured in our service the previous day. He did not intend to serve in a household where such an occurrence might be indefinitely repeated. He would be a mozo for the house; for the highway—never!


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 I made every effort to conciliate him —"never again would his services be demanded on such a ride." I walked about the court disconsolately, talking kindly to him. Nearer and nearer he approached the door. I followed, entreating him not to go; well knowing that if I lost Cosme —and all the other mozos had gone to San Luis Potosi, or some other far-away city, to see their families,—not a shadow of opportunity remained to procure another.

An admirable feature in Cosme's composition was his love of truth. He had never heard the story of the cherry tree and the little hatchet, but his innate veracity was not to be outdone by anybody. Somehow I always felt that when Cosme did go he would express the real cause of his leaving and not quote, like his predecessors, a mythical family's imaginary demands. Nor was I mistaken. When the poor boy reached the door he halted, turned and looked mournfully at me, as though imploring me not to ask him to stay longer, while in pathetic tones he murmured, "Pos entonces yo me voy; adios, Señorita" ("Well, now, I'm going; good-by, Señorita").

He stood on the threshold, perhaps For the last time, when I again ventured to remonstrate, "Well, now, Cosme, why won't you stay?" Almost closing the heavy doors as if to prevent another appeal, and tossing his hat far back on his head, his eyes rolling, his face ashen but determined, he made the final pièce de resistance with admirable finesse. Catching the huge key and closing the door, so that he barely had a view of my face, while one foot halted on the threshold, with bent figure and eyes beaming kindly regret upon


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 me, there came the inevitable movement of the forefinger before the nose as he faintly replied, "Porque tan fuertes son las costumbres Americanos que me molestan y cargan mucho y tan pesadas que no puedo vivir bajo de ellos" ("Your American customs are too troublesome and too heavy a load for me to carry; I can't live under them").

The last that I heard from Cosme was one of the invariable parting salutations, "Hasta Iuego" ("I'll see you again"), followed by the invocation. "Queda con Dios! no puedo estar mas" ("May God be with you! for I can't stay any longer").


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516 —continued. *

See (c. 12); (Table II., c. xcvii. (London and English Channel)); (c. 19); (c. 20).

To facilitate the Citation of sundry Acts of Parliament. Ch. 14. U.K.

Appearance of, in County Court, in proceedings relating to Inland Revenue. See (c. 28. s. 38).

, Amendment of Rules as to size of casks. See (c. 28, s. 4).

, Exemption of contracts under Truck Act from. See (c. 44, s. 7).

See (c. 28, Part III).

For abolishing the Court of the Vice-Warden of the Stannaries. Ch. 45. E.

See (c. 18).

, Prohibition against possession of, by dealers is, and retailers of, beer. See (c. 28, s. 11).

See (c. 50); (c. 54, s. 7); (c. 55); (c. 45, s. 2).

See (c. 28, s. I)

To provide for raising further Money for the purpose of the Telegraph Acts, 1863 to 1892. Ch. 40. U.K.

See (c. 28, ss. 5, 6).

See (c. 30); (c. 44).

See Table II., c. cxx. (No. 1); c. clxvi. (No. 2).


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AMONOS!" shouts the smartly uniformed American conductor in the estacion on the further bank of the Rio Grande. This rhythmical Spanish word affords a pleasing contrast to its sharp prosaic equivalent known to us as "All aboard!" The bell rings, the engine shrieks and hisses, then smoothly we glide along in that crowning luxury of civilization —a Pullman car— into the "land of the cactus and sweet cacao."

The open plain stretched afar on this glorious, full-moon night, and seemed, like the ocean, to blend its horizon with the heavens. No sound broke the stillness save the rumble of the train or the occasional shriek of the locomotive with its warning to the loitering cattle on the road-bed, all unconscious of their danger.

The location of El Paso, whose lights were fast fading in the distance behind us, is in every way desirable, being the connecting point of the Mexican Central with the railways of the United States. Five connecting lines of railway enter the city: the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio; the Southern Pacific; the Texan Pacific; the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe, with good prospects for another. There can be no doubt but that it will be a great railroad center and distributing point for the Southwest.

The town hugs the river closely and nestles snugly in a fertile valley, perhaps fifty miles long, in which, where irrigating facilities are obtained, wheat and corn are produced in great abundance. Its


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 is about three thousand five hundred feet above sea level, and the climate bears a strong resemblance to that of the table-lands of Mexico. The same irrigating ditches, lined on either side by stately cotton-wood trees, are serving the same purpose as when first constructed by the Jesuit missionaries, more than three hundred years ago. A circle of mountains to the north and east affords protection to the city from the sharp, penetrating winds that sweep over Texas from the plains of Kansas.

El Paso can boast of excellent hotels, the best being the Grand Central, and the possession of the only international street railway bridge in the world; also an interesting old church about three hundred years old. The greatest drawbacks, as a place of residence, are the clouds and columns of dust that for a great part of the year drive through the streets, entering the houses, and penetrating every nook and cranny.

The old town of Paso del Norte is the Mexican El Paso, as Nuevo Laredo is the Mexican Laredo. Each one is a necessary complement to the other. Paso del Norte has, however, great advantage in point of age, having been founded about the year 1680. The town to-day bears the imprint of all Mexican architecture. The cathedral, once a stately and imposing structure, even now, when bereft of the greater part of its interior adornments, speaks volumes of the lapse and the inroads of time. The nave, chancel, altar, and ceilings bear traces of exquisite and masterly workmanship, but tell a mournful tale of decay and faded grandeur.

The famous grapes that are grown at Paso del Norte are perhaps the most prolific and delicious known to us, and in that genial soil, where irrigation is so skillfully employed, they are produced in quantities, and shipped to all parts of the country.

Curious fences inclose the farms and gardens—a boxing of cotton wood poles filled in with mud or an earthen cement, making not only a secure, but a durable fence.

The country for perhaps two hundred miles on the west side of the Rio Bravo is but a counterpart of its neighbor, on the east or Texas side, for the same distance. Chihuahua, the first city on the Mexican


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Rh Central, has become a prominent point for mining operations, and probably a larger number of Americans are congregated there than at any place outside the capital. It has a fine climate, is situated in a beautiful and fertile valley, with all the accessories of a healthful and thrifty population. One hundred years ago, however, Chihuahua was larger than New York; to-day the population does not exceed thirty

thousand. But it still has the beautiful cathedral and ancient aqueduct, and must always be important as a mining center. A branch of the Mexican mint is also established there.

The sleepy old town of Santa Rosalia, with a population of about seven thousand, is the next. It has known no change for nearly a half-century, though situated in the midst of a fine agricultural region, and having an industrious, orderly population.

Dr. Charles E. Tarver, with his wife and five children, has resided


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A.D. 1896.]

To make provisions relating to the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Court of Quarter Sessions for the County of London. Ch. 55. E.

, Power to Governors of, to extend time for repayment of Loans. See (c. 13).

&c.) See Table II., c. clxv.

See (c. 48); (c. 34); (c. 38);
 * (c. 58).

To facilitate the Construction of Railways and the Establishment of other means of Communication in Ireland, and for other purposes incidental thereto. Ch. 34. I.

See (c. 16); (c. 37).

To amend the Laws with respect to the Royal Naval Volunteers. Ch. 33. U.K.

, Power to Local Government Board (Ireland) to invest Rural Authority with powers of Urban Authority. See

See—

 * , &c.,.
 * , &c.,.
 * , &c.,.


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1896. 29. Section two hundred and forty-seven of the principal Act is Amendment of hereby repealed from the words "Provided that " to the end of the section.

30. The schedule to this Act shall be read and have effect as Construction part of the principal Act, and the form contained in the said schedule, or a form to the like effect varied as circumstances may require, may be used and shall be sufficient for all purposes.

31. In the interpretation of the expression "Sanitary Acts *' in Interpretation section two of the principal Act, the expression " in force" means of in force for the time being.

32. All buildings, offices, and premises vested in, or in the Saving in occupation of Her Majesty the Queen, either beneficially or as part respect of of the hereditary revenues of the Crown, or in trust for the service, or for public purposes, or in the occupation of any department of Her Majesty's Government, or used or employed for public purposes, shall be and are hereby exempted from the provisions of this Act and also from the provisions of the Public Health (Ireland) Acts, 1878 to 1890: Provided that nothing in this Act shall in anywise prejudice, affect, or make void any matters or things heretofore done by any sanitary authority in pursuance of the said Acts in connexion with or in relation to the buildings, offices, or premises referred to in this section.

33.— (1.) The principal Act shall, as from the passing of this Act. take effect subject to the additions and omissions required by this Act c. 52.

(2.) Every copy of the principal Act printed after the passing of this Act, by authority of Her Majesty, shall be printed with the additions and omissions required by this Act.

34. In this Act the expression "the principal Act" means the Public Health (Ireland) Act, 1878 : and the expression "the Public Health (Ireland) Acts, 1878 to 1890," means the Public Health (Ireland) Act, 1878, the Public Health (Ireland) Amendment Act 1879,, the Public Health (Ireland) Amendment Act, 1884 , the Public Health Act, 1889, and the {{sc|Public Health Acts Amendment Act, 1890 {{RL sidenote|53 & 54 Vict. c. 59.}}, and the expression "town" includes a township having commissioners.

{{RL sidenote|Short title and construction.}}35. This Act may be cited as the Public Hedth (Ireland) Act, 1896, and save where inconsistent therewith shall be construed as one with the Public Health (Ireland) Acts, 1878 to 1890, and those Acts an this Act may be cited collectively as the Public Health (Ireland) Acts, 1878 to 1896. {{rule}}

{{c|SCHEDULE.}} ''Form of Notice requiring Owner to sewer, &c. Private Street.''

To {{gap}}{{gap}}{{gap}} the owner of certain premises frontiug, adjoining, or abutting on a certain street called{{gap}}{{gap}}{{gap}} within the district of [describe the sanitary authority]. {{sidenotes end}}


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448 Whereas the said street is not sewered, levelled, paved, flagged, and channelled to the satisfaction of the above named [sanitary authority]; and whereas your said premises front, adjoin, or abut on certain parts of the said street which require to be sewered, levelled, paved, flagged, and channelled; Now, therefore, the said [sanitary authority] hereby give you notice (in pursuance of the Public Health (Ireland) Act, 1878, as amended by the Public Health (Ireland) Act 1896), to sewer, level, pave, flag, and channel the same within the space of [state the time] from the date hereof, in manner following; (that is to say,) the sewers to be laid or made [here describe the mode to be adopted and material to be used] of the sizes and forms, and at the rate of inclination, shown on the plans and sections of the works as prepared by the surveyor of the [sanitary authority].

Each gully for surface draining, and its connexion with the sewer, to be placed as shown on the said plans, and to be constructed of the forms, materials, and dimensions as shown on the said plans.

A foundation for the carriageway and footway in the said street to be formed in the following manner [here describe the mode to be adopted and the material to be used] and the said carriageway and footway to be paved [here describe the mode to be adopted and the material to be used].

The channel stones to be [here describe the mode to be adopted and the material to be used]. The curb or side stones to be [here describe the mode to be adopted and the material to be used].

The whole of the above-mentioned works to be executed by you in accordance with the plans and sections herein-before referred to, and now lying for inspection by you at the office of the [sanitary authority], situate in, Street, in aforesaid, and the dimensions, widths, and levels shown thereon, and to be done in a good, workmanlike, and substantial manner, to the satisfaction of the said [sanitary authority], or their surveyor.

Dated this day of  18 (Signed) Clerk to the said [sanitary authority].

HEREAS it is expedient to authorise and provide for the grant of pensions to the chairman and deputy chairman of the court of quarter sessions for the county of London and to provide for the appointment of deputies and clerks as in this Act set forth:

Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows: