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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive legitimate indigenous movements and should be withdrawn. The Viet Minh came, as in the other cases, soon after. A Laotian delegate reported on 23 June that the Viet Minh were in apparent accord on the withdrawal of their "volunteers" and even on Laos' retention of French treaty bases. The Viet Minh's principal demand, was that French military personnel in Laos be reduced to a minimum. Less clearly, Dong made suggestions about the creation of a government of "national union," Pathet Lao participation in 1955 elections for the national assembly, and a "temporary arrangement" governing areas dominated by Pathet Lao military forces. But these latter remarks were meant to be suggestive; Dong had come around to the Western view (now shared by the Soviets and Chinese) on the important point of removing Viet Minh troops from Laos. Later in the conference, Dong would have to make a similar retreat on Cambodia.

 * h.

While the Viet Minh from the beginning had pressed for no outside control or supervision of either military or political agreements concerning Indochina, all other delegations quickly moved in that direction. The Soviets took the lead on the communist side. The major issue was the composition and voting procedure of the proposed International Control Commission. From the Western standpoint, the ICC should not have had a communist representative, since no communist could be considered neutral. The Soviets retorted, as expected, that Western backing of a Colombo Power (India, Pakistan, Indonesia, Ceylon, or Burma) was subject to the same objection, namely, that each of these nations always would vote with the Western bloc. As the matter evolved, a compromise settlement provided for a three-nation formula including one communist state. Both aspects of this agreement were based, on Molotov's original plan.

As to voting procedure, the communists not surprisingly insisted on unanimity, at least for "major questions." The West, while accepting that rule, considered pushing for acceptance of majority voting to determine whether a question was minor or major. The result (Article 42 of the Agreement on the Cessation of Hostilities in Vietnam) was to specify unanimous agreement among the Commission representatives on matters pertinent to violations, or threats of violations, that might lead to the resumption of hostilities. However, minority reports could be issued where the Commission was unable to agree on a recommendation.

 * i.

There is little doubt that the conference would not have been able to move against the initial DRV intransigence without assistance from the Soviets and Chinese. In the opening phase of discussion, both the major powers voiced complete agreement with the DRV in policy and aims, but through a series of moves both powers also made great efforts to soften the DRV hard line and to allow enough flexibility for concessions. The first problem, involving the seating of the Pathet Lao and Khmer, was solved by Soviet and Chinese agreement to postpone — indefinitely, as it turned out — any discussion of the question. The second stumbling block was the Rh

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Sonnets written in the fall of 1914

 * "Sonnets Written in the Autumn of 1914" in A treasury of war poetry, British and American poems of the world war, 1914-1919 (1917)
 * "Sonnets written in the fall of 1914" in The roamer and other poems (1920)

title: Sonnets written in the fall of 1914


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text: The roamer and other poems

title: The roamer and other poems


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rothschild

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rothschild


text: Index to Short Stories/Index to Short Stories/T


text: Index to Short Stories/Index to Short Stories/U


text: Index to Short Stories/Index to Short Stories/V


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mosheim, Johann Lorenz von


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mosler, Henry


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Rh A greater soul, and in my mortal self

Divined the Roamer; speed, O vital verse,

And first the passion of thy boyhood tell,

And with thy youngest idyls smooth the way!

With idyls life, with idyls song begins.

Ah, then my years expected the sweet bud,

And still put forth no flower, beside the sea.

Ah, then my tender years expected light,

And saw no ray; only the wild reed mine,

And heaven-hunger, such as boyhood knows,

In me begun, forecasting some fair shape—

Frail as the visionary form that comes

On sleeping eyes, but love sleeps not in them

And with desire draws holy souls from heaven,—

Or so I dreamed; and mute the wild reed slept,

But not my heart of boyhood, swift in love;

And unto me that shape of dream was dear,

And dear the dream of music in my hand.

Then as from shadowy pines, before light comes,

A solitary wood-note bursts too soon—

Some bird hath waked, and feels his darkened wings—

Low in the hollow of the sea-blown wood

I set my fingers to the unknown stops,

And blew; and fresh as over quiet fields

Rises the burden of the bough and briar,


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6 New music, wild and sweet, blown through the world,

So rose my idyl; all the valley-side

Was hushed, and clinging to my lips the reed

Felt the first tremor of immortal breath;

And like an angel singing in his birth,

Aloft the lone and mounting melody

Moved, darkling, to the bosom of the dawn.

Then was I 'ware of him I loved unseen,

An image and an unapparent form,

A little way, a little way, before.

Out of the valley, up the slopes I sprang

Toward heaven's reach; but him I could not see,

Whom my heart hungered after, following,

Till, from far heights, the pale and streaming East

Forth from its bosom gave the golden flood

To the bare rock of beauty; down the pass

The shadows rolled away; and pine and cliff

Dropped lustre, and the smooth mist, like a floor,

Sea-deep spread round me, lifted o'er the world.

Then first, beside me, islanded in dawn,

A form of tender mould and boyish grace,

I saw him, like my shadow, stand and gaze

Upon the dense and mountainous world that lay

Like sun-struck dragons couched immutable,


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Rh Vast broods of earth-might round about us drawn;

And straight I heard the challenge of old fame,

And in my bosom leaped the maiden heart,

And he, beside me, like my spirit shone.

Then oft between the pine-ridge and the sea

I saw him, guarded round with solitude,

In meditation lost and deeds of dream,

The poet's frailty, nursing his sweet age

On great achievement that eternal rings,

And fame to be; what was, heroic done—

Man's graven record, or the poet's breath—

He was the doer in his fantasy;

And what yet waits its passage to the stars,

In the dark underworld and womb of time,

For which a race in pain doth weary heaven,

Smiling he stood in that unrisen morn

And lined it with his glory; so he burned

In that long passion of my youth begun,

From him beginning—dark the issue is—

And what was hope in him, in me was fate.

So sweet in memory shines his fair young face,

That still to see youth's sweetness gives me pain,

Remembering all that heaven had fixed for him

To do and suffer, though at first he seemed

Not to inhabit here, or wear our earth;


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Mosquera y Arboleda, Tomás Cipriano de

MOSQUERA Y ARBOLEDA, mōs-kā'rä ē är-bō-lā'dä, Tomás Cipriano de, Colombian politician and President: b. Popayan, 20 Sept. 1798; d. Coconuco, 7 Oct. 1878. After three years of service in the patriot army he was captured by the Spaniards, when he was only 18, but he escaped at Jamaica, returned to the army and in 1829 was made general by Bolivar, who made him also envoy to Peru. After Bolivar's death Mosquera traveled in North America and Europe. He became a senator in 1833; was President of New Granada 1845-49; in 1859 led the federalist revolt against Ospina, adopted a federal constitution by which the name of the country was changed from New Granada to the United States of Colombia, and became dictator of the new federation. His power was checked by a revolt led by Canal, with whom Mosquera in 1862 came to terms. Under the constitution then adopted Mosquera was elected President in 1863 and in 1866; the latter term was cut short by a successful revolution due to the President's arbitrary use of power. He was banished to Lima for four years, but upon his return again entered politics, was governor of Cauca and became a member of Congress. He was strongly anti-clerical; and wrote on the geography of New Granada, and a valuable life of Bolivar (1853).


text: Index:Studies in Letters and Life (Woodberry, 1890).djvu


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282

On the other hand, we should note that the basis of classification employed for language is different from that used for culture. As stated in the preceding chapters, cultures were grouped according to their objective similarities and their geographical associations, but such a gross grouping was not in any sense expressive of genetic relations between the cultures concerned. We saw, however, that the ultimate grouping of cultures was destined to be chronological, which, in a way,

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Rh would express genetic relationships. Now, the conception of a linguistic stock is a group of languages all the members of which have a common ancestor, and between whom it is possible to establish degrees of relationship. Hence, the moment we identify a language as belonging to a definite stock, we automatically assert its genetic relationship. In this sense, the classification of the linguistic characters of man is superior to the present classification of his cultural characters.

We have now a considerable number of specialists in North American languages, but the task before them is so great that the investigations of the several stocks have not progressed far enough to make possible a comprehensive statement of the whole subject. In scarcely a single case are we able to designate the type tongue for a stock or to indicate the historical relationships of its divisions. All this is for the future. At present, the refinement of classification seems to be the chief interest. As we have stated, even the stock designation is somewhat arbitrary, for greater familiarity with these languages has brought to light new similarities between what have heretofore been regarded as distinct stocks. For instance, the

1. Algonquian 2. Athapascan 3. Attacapan 4. Beothukan 5. Caddoan 6. Chimakuan 7. Chimarikan 8. Chimmesyan 9. Chinookan 10. Chitimachan 11. Chumashan 12. Coahuiltecan 13. Costanoan 14. Eskimauan 15. Esselenian 16. Haida 17. Iroquoian 18. Kalapooian 19. Karankawa}}

20. Keresan 21. Kiowan 22. Klamath 23. Kusan 24. Kutenai 25. Maidu 26. Moquelumnan 27. Muskhogean 28. Piman 29. Pomo 30. Quoratean 31. Salinan 32. Salishan 33. Shahaptin 34. Shastan 35. Shoshonean 36. Siouan 37. Siuslaw 38. Takelma

39. Tanoan 40. Timucuan 41. Tlingit 42. Tonkawa 43. Tunican 44. Uchean 45. Waiilatpuan 46. Wakashan 47. Washoan 48. Weitspekan 49. Wintun 50. Wishoskan 51. Yakona 52. Yanan 53. Yokuts 54. Yukian 55. Yuman 56. Zuñian

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284

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Rh Shoshonean and Nahuatl have been combined; the Piman stock is also considered as a member of this group by Swanton and Kroeber; Natchesan and Muskhogean were grouped together by Swanton; Sapir claims Wishoskan (Wiyot) and Weitspekan (Yurok) to be Algonquian; Kroeber and Dixon group the Shasta, Chimariko, Karok (Quoratean), Pomo (Kulanapan), Esselen and Yuman of California as one stock under the new name of Hokan, and in like manner the Wintun (Copehan), Maidu (Pujunan), Yokuts (Mariposan), Miwok (Moquelumnan) and Costanoan under the name Penutian. All such changes have met with opposition and are accumulating a large amount of controversial literature.

Aside from these specific attacks upon the Powell classification it has been recognized that stocks show a geographical grouping of some kind. Boas designates a southeastern type of language to which also the Iroquois and Caddoan seem to belong, other students have noted a similar grouping of the Shoshonean, Kitunahan, and Kiowan stocks. Boas and later Sapir find similarities between the Tlingit, Haida, and the Athapascan. It is quite probable that the further investigation of these relations will result in the elimination of some stocks, and in any event establish some kind of historical relationship. When this comes to pass, we may find that languages have also a geographical grouping not unlike that for other culture traits. Incidentally, we note that the existence of even such geographical affinities as have been so far established suggest long and permanent residence in one area.

1. Athapascan 2. Chiapanecan 3. Chibchan 4. Chinantecan 5. Cunan 6. Huavean 7. Janambrian 8. Jicaquean 9. Jincan 10. Laguneros

11. Lencan 12. Mayan 13. Matagalpan 14. Mosquitoan 15. Nahuatlan 16. Olivean 17. Otomian 18. Pakawan 19. Payon 20. Subtiaban

21. Tamaulipecan 22. Tarascan 23. Tequistlatecan 24. Totonacan 25. Ulvan 26. Waïcurian 27. Yuman 28. Zapotecan 29. Zoquean

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83 CHAPTER X.

as are the Wild Flowers which we have culled to adorn these pages, how much more from their elegant forms, varied structure and surpassingly bright colors, are the plants of the Ocean to be admired; the more we gaze on them, the greater is our regret that they have received so little attention and consideration at the hands of scientific men, until of late years when such writers as Harvey and Landsborough have opened out the way to a proper investigation of them. "So endless are they" (remarks the former author in the introduction to his Nereis Australis) " in these favoured latitudes, and yet so imperfectly explored, that in no country equally accessible can the Marine Botanist find a field to work upon which will yield him better fruit, or furnish to the science which he cultivates more important and interesting results. Here Nature appears in new and sportive forms, in aspect startingly dissimilar from what we of the old world are conversant with, but connected by the delicate web of affinity in a manner often little expected by the common observer, and only discernible by those who delight to trace in the endless variety of natural forms, the unity of design which characterises the whole." And if our learned friend had reason so to write, when he published the


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 Macmillan, Alexander, M.A. Brasenose Coll., Oxon, joint magistrate and deputy collector Allahabad, a student of the Inner Temple 4 May, 1866 (then aged 21), called to the bar 6 June, 1883 (2nd son of John Macmillan, Esq., of Castramont, Kirkcudbright, J,P.); born, 1845.
 * Castramont, Kirkcudbright; Allahabad.

McMillan, John, a member of the South-eastern circuit, a student of Lincoln's Inn 6 May, 1870 (then aged 40), called to the bar 27 Jan., 1873 (only son of Donald McMillan, late of Grenada, West Indies, proprietor, dec.); born, 1830.
 * 161, Adelaide Road, N.W.; 5, Paper Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Macmillan, Malcolm Reginald, clerk in the exchequer and audit department, matric. London Univ. 1874, a student of the Middle Temple 22 Jan., 1878, called to the bar 17 Nov. 1882 (eldest son of late Ronald Macmillan of Java, merchant); born,.
 * Somerset House, W.C.

McMillan, Robert Furse, LL.B., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1880, a member of the Western circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 3 July, 1878 (then aged 20), studentship Trin., 1880, called to the bar 11 May, 1881 eldest son of John McMillan, of London, bar.-at-law); born, 1858.
 * 161, Adelaide Road, N.W.; 6, Pump Court, Temple, E.C.

McMorran, Alexander, M.A. Edinburgh Univ., a member of the South-eastern circuit, author of Married Women's Property Act, a student of the Middle Temple 19 Nov., 1872, equity prize 1875, called to the bar 17 Nov., 1875 (eldest son of Thomas McMorran, of Newtown Stewart, co. Wigtown); born, ; married 25 Jan., 1883, Edith Kate, youngest dau. of G. E. Macmorran, of London, solicitor.
 * Lordship Lane, Dulwich, S.E.; Goldsmith Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Macnaghten, Edward, Q.C, M.P. co. Antrim since 1880, M.A. (late fellow), Trin. Coll., Camb., 1855, secretary Chancery Funds Commission since 1862, a member of the Bar Committee since Dec., 1883, declined a judgeship in 1883, a student of Lincoln's Inn 13 Jan., 1853 (then aged 22), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1857, Q.C. April, 1880, bencher 3 April, 1883 (2nd son of Sir Edmund Workman Macnaghten, of Dundarave, co. Antrim, Bart.); born, 1830; married 18 Dec., 1858, Frances Arabella, only child of late Rt. Hon. Sir Samuel Martin, baron of the exchequer, and has issue (see Foster's Baronetage).
 * 198, Queen's Gate, S W.; 3, New Square, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.; Carlton and United University Clubs.

Macnaghten, Steuart, B.A., Trin. Coll., Dublin, 1835, J.P. Hants, editor of Select Cases in Chancery 1724-33, with Notes, joint editor of Reports of Cases in High Court of Chancery 1849-51, a student of King's Inns Dublin, Mich., 1834, went to the Middle Temple 1 June, 1835, where he was called to the bar 19 April, 1839 (6th son of Sir Francis Macnaghten, of Bushmill House, co. Antrim, Bart.); born 20 June, 1815; married thrice and has issue (see Foster's Baronetage).
 * Bittern Manor House, Southampton; Carlton Club.

Macnamara, Walter Henry, registrar to railway commissioners since March, 1882, was reporter for Law Journal in court for Crown cases reserved, late prosecuting counsel for the Mint on Oxford circuit, joint author of four vols. of Railway Commissioners' Decisions, editor of 6th edition of Paley on Summary Convictions, 4th edition of Steer's Parish Law, 9th edition of Stone's Practice for Justices of the Peace, and 3rd edition of Woolrych's Metropolitan Building Acts, a student of the Inner Temple 14 April, 1871 (then aged 23), called to the bar 26 Jan., 1874 (eldest son of Henry Tyrwhitt Jones Macnamara, Esq., of London, bar.-at-law and railway commissioner); born 7 Aug., 1851; married 29 July, 1882, Florence, only dau. of Francis Mauduit, Esq., C.E.
 * 5, Hyde Park Mansions, W.; Railway Commission, House of Lords, S.W.; Junior Athenæum Club.

McNaughton, David Norman, educated at Glasgow Univ., a student of the Middle Temple 2 Nov., 1880, 2nd class scholarship real and personal property Jan., 1881, called to the bar 6 June, 1883 (youngest son of James McNaughton, of Smithfield, co. Ayr); born 26 Jan., 1857.
 * 6, Middle Temple Lane, E.C.

McNeill, Alexander, matric. Trin. Coll., Dublin, a student of the Middle Temple 12 Nov., 1864, called to the bar 6 June, 1868 (youngest son of Malcolm McNeill, of the Conan, Larne, co. Antrim); born, ; married 26 Aug., 1872, Hester Law Howard, widow of John McNeill, lieut. Bombay fusiliers.
 * The Conan, Larne, Ireland.

McNish, Alexander Copland, B.A. Brasenose Coll., Oxon, a student of Lincoln's Inn 10 June, 1875 (then aged 20), called to the bar 25 June, 1879 (2nd son of John McNish, late of Manchester, gent., dec.); born, 1855.

McNiven, Henry, M.A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1851, a member of the South-eastern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 16 Nov., 1848 (then aged 23), called to the bar 30 April, 1852 (2nd son of Charles McNiven, Esq., of Perrysfield, Surrey); born, 1825.
 * Perrysfield, Godstone; 4, New Court, Carey Street, or 3, Dr. Johnson's Buildings, Temple, E.C.

MacOubrey, John, B.A. Trin. Coll., Dublin, a member of the Northern circuit, a student of Lincoln's Inn 7 May, 1835 (then aged 24), went to the Middle Temple 23 Jan., 1839, where he was called to the bar 20 Nov., 1840 (youngest son of John MacOubrey, Esq., of Downpatrick, co. Down, dec.); born, 1811; married 16 Sept., 1847, Clara, 2nd dau of Thomas Carlisle, Esq., of London.
 * 107, Moscow Drive Liverpool.

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 Manisty, Herbert Francis, LL.B., Trin. Hall, Camb., 1875, a member of the North-eastern circuit, editor of 6th edition of Broom's Legal Maxims, a student of the Inner Temple 20 Jan., 1873 (then aged 19), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1877 (4th son of Hon. Sir Henry Manisty, justice of Queen's bench division); born 2 March, 1854.
 * 24a, Bryanston Square, W.; 2, Dr. Johnson's Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Ganpat Sarvottam Mankar, a student of the Middle Temple 13 April, 1874, called to the bar 26 Jan., 1877 (eldest son of Sarvottam Sahharam, of the High Court of Bombay, interpreter); born, 1850.
 * High Court of Justice Bombay.

Mann, Horace, registrar and secretary to Civil Service Commission since June, 1855, assistant commissioner for census of 1851 from Oct., 1850, to June, 1854, author of Reports on Religious Worship, Education in Connection with Census of 1851, educated at Mercers' School, London, a student of Lincoln's Inn 1 Nov., 1842 (then aged 19), called to the bar 19 Nov., 1847 (youngest son of Thomas Mann, of registrar-general's office London); born 4 Oct., 1823; unmarried.
 * Hayes Grove, Beckenham, Kent; Belgrave Mansions, S.W.; Cannon Row, Westminister, S.W.

Manning, Charles James, undergrad. Corpus Christi Coll., Camb., practises before the supreme court at Sydney, a student of Lincoln's Inn 8 Nov., 1862 (then aged 21), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1865 (2nd son of Edye Manning, Esq., of Sydney, New South Wales); born, 1841.
 * Sydney, New South Wales.

Manning, Henry John, a student of the Middle Temple 11 May, 1880, called to the bar 6 June, 1883 (eldest son of late John Manning, of Leeds, engineer); born,.
 * The Lawn, Hampstead; 5, Pump Court, Temple, E.C

Manning, William Hubert, B.A. Exeter Coll., Oxon, a student of Lincoln's Inn 29 March, 1873 (then aged 21), called to the bar 17 Nov., 1877 (2nd son of Sir William Montagu Manning, puisne judge Sydney, New South Wales); born, 1852.
 * Sydney, New South Wales.

Manning, Sir William Montagu, LL.D., puisne judge Sydney, New South Wales, since 1876, chairman Sydney quarter sessions 1837-44, solicitor-general of New South Wales 1844-8, 1849-56, acting judge of supreme court 1848-9, attorney-general 1856-8, in 1860, and 1868-70, member of Mixed Legislative Council 1851, member of Legislative Council 1861-76, chancellor of Sydney Univ. since 1878, author of Notes of Proceedings in Electoral Revision Courts, Nevile and Mannings Reports in Court of King's Bench 1832-7, knighted 18 Feb., 1858, a student of Lincoln's Inn 24 Nov., 1827 (then aged 17), called to the bar 23 Nov., 1832 (2nd son of John Edye Manning, Esq., Lyne Grove, Surrey); born 7 March, 1811; married 1st, 5 Feb., 1836, Emily Anne, dau. of Edward Wise, Esq., of High Grove, Isle of Wight; she died, ; he married 2ndly, 6 June, 1849, Eliza Anne, dau. of Very. Rev. William Sowerby, dean of Goulburn, New South Wales.
 * Wallaroy, Sydney, New South Wales: Athenæum Club.

Manning, William Woodward, J.P. Monmouthshire, a student of the Middle Temple 26 May, 1846, called to the bar 8 June, 1849 (eldest son of late Rev. William Manning, rector of Diss, Norfolk); born 5 March, 1822; married 4 Oct., 1849, Emily Octavia, youngest dau. of late Thomas Batt, Esq., surgeon of 7th fusiliers, and has issue.
 * Stoneleigh, Cheltenham.

Cursetjee Manockjee, undergrad. Oxford Univ., a student of Lincoln's Inn 19 May, 1866 (then aged 18), called to the bar 7 June, 1869 (2nd son of Manockjee Cursetjee, judge of small cause court Bombay); born, 1848.
 * Bombay.

Manphûl, Surajbal, pandit, B.A., B.C.L. Oriel Coll., Oxon, undergraduate of Calcutta Univ., practises before the High Court at Allahabad and of the Punjab, a student of Lincoln's Inn 22 Jan., 1870 (then aged 21), called to the bar 18 Nov., 1872 (3rd son of Manphûl, C.S.I., pandit, of Dehlee, in Punjab, India); born, 1849.
 * Allahabad, North-west Provinces India.

Mansfield, Alexander John, matric. Trin. Coll., Dublin, matric. London Univ. 1842, a student of Lincoln's Inn 13 Nov., 1846 (then aged 21), went to the Middle Temple 5, where he was called to the bar 22 Nov., 1850 (2nd son of Alexander Mansfield, Esq., of Morristown Lattin, co. Kildare, dec.); born, 1825; married 14 July, 1863, Maria, eldest dau. of John Howley, Esq., Q.C.. H.M.'s first Serjeant in Ireland.
 * 17, Royal York Crescent, Clifton, Bristol; 138, Cromwell Road, S.W.

Mansfield, Edward, a member of the Oxford circuit, a student of the Middle Temple 1 Nov., 1869, called to the bar 6 June, 1872 (eldest son of Rev. Edward Mansfield, of Highnam, co. Gloucester); born,.
 * 4, Harcourt Buildings, Temple, E.C.

Mansfield, Horatio, M. A., Trin. Coll., Camb., 1845, a member of the Northern circuit, a student of the Inner Temple 23 Jan., 1847 (then aged 26), called to the bar 6 June, 1853 (5th son of John Mansfield, Esq., of London); born, 1821.
 * 3, Pump Court, Temple, E.C.

Mansfield, John Smith, police magistrate at Great Marlborough Street since 1860, J.P. Middlesex, a student of the Middle Temple 22 April, 1835, called to the bar 28 Jan., 1842 (2nd son of John E. Mansfield, Esq., of the Middle Temple); born,.
 * 60, Ladbroke Grove, Notting Hill, W.

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286 Unlike culture, language has no true archæology, but a few stocks have become extinct since their discovery, as indicated in the tabulated lists. Yet, it is truly surprising that so few have so far passed out of existence, though it is probable that their extinction will proceed from now on with increasing rapidity. This tendency of speech to survive long after great culture change must be taken into account when we attempt to correlate our classifications. It also complicates the problem of linguistic origins.

To summarize, then, we find a genetic basis for linguistic classification, expressed by the term stock. All the native languages of the United States and Canada have been identified, or we may say there is no historic tribe in this territory whose linguistic stock is not known. For Mexico and Central America we can not be sure, but it is improbable that more than two or three have been overlooked. In South America, we are still less certain of the completeness of our knowledge. In the appendix we have tabulated the recognized stocks for these geographical divisions: for the United States and Canada there are fifty-six stocks; for Mexico and Central America, twenty-nine; and for South America, eighty-four. Distribution maps have been prepared which we present in outline: Figs. 85, 86, and 87. Upon these, the stocks are designated by numerals which stand for the corresponding stocks in alphabetical order (see pp. 369-385.)

Linguistic studies fall into two rather distinct groups: phonetics and structure. Of these, phonetics is still quite undeveloped, the greater effort being placed upon structure, or word and sentence formation. Yet, some progress has been made in phonetics. For a time, attention was given only to the necessary practical ways of recording these new languages, each field-worker devising his own system. A certain initial uniformity was secured by the mechanical limitations of printing, but even this proved unsatisfactory. Recently the American Anthropological Association appointed a committee to formulate and standardize the methods of transcribing and

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text: Men-at-the-Bar/Manson, Edward William Donoghue


text: Men-at-the-Bar/Mantell, Sir John Iles

title: Men-at-the-Bar/Mantell, Sir John Iles


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Rh printing. The report of this committee is essentially a pioneer work on New World phonetics, but no such practical system, however perfect, can take the place of independent phonetic investigation. A beginning has been made by Goddard who introduced the objective mechanical methods of phonetic analysis devised by European students, but as yet the whole subject is before us.

In a very tentative way a few of the characteristics of North American phonetics have been suggested. Perhaps one of the most obvious differences from English, for example, is the small use made of the stress accent. Another peculiarity of American speech is a curious stopping of the breath before or after vowels, the mechanism for which is a closure of the glottis. Some of the native consonants have proved particularly difficult to European recorders. Among these are the stopped consonants, b, d, g, k, p, q, and t, which have many forms, but sometimes seem to stand between sonants and surds. These sounds are usually designated as intermediate stops. Again, there are glottalized forms resulting from a closure of the glottis and a quick release, giving an explosive sound not found in European speech. Yet the present enumeration of such assumed phonetic differences can serve no very good purpose, for until the study of New World phonetics comes into its own, we can not state what characters, if any, are peculiar to it.

In passing, note should be taken of a few pioneer regional surveys. In California, where we find a large number of different native languages, there appears to be a fair degree of phonetic uniformity. For one, the vowels tend to be open rather than closed and are given with a greater breath impulse than in European languages. The intermediate stops, just mentioned, are numerous and there is a strong tendency to use two t's, but on the other hand a single k.

In how far these phonetic traits are limited to California can not be stated, but such phonetic peculiarities as have been reported for the North Pacific Coast peoples suggest some differences; for example, there is a somewhat unique voiceless l found all the way from Alaska to northern California, and

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Rh • 2;font-size:smaller;

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The Times/1919/Obituary/Manson, Edward

in the Bankruptcy Court yesterday expressed regret at the death on Wednesday of Mr. Registrar Manson, suddenly, in his 70th year.

Mr. Francke referred to Mr. Manson's legal works and his joint editorship with Sir John Macdonell of the Journal of Comparative Legislation. In November, 1912, Mr. Manson was appointed a Registrar of the High Court (in Bankruptcy) for Companies Winding Up, and he constantly attended to his duties lately in spite of his being dreadfully crippled by disease. He (Mr. Francke) had personal recollections of Mr. Manson, extending over many year, as a charming and cultured companion and courteous gentleman.

title: The Times/1919/Obituary/Manson, Edward


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296 observable resemblance of Athapascan to the languages of the adjoining Pacific Coast is a strong argument in favor of a northern cradle land.

Of almost equal importance are the Algonquian, Siouan, and Shoshonean-Nahuatl problems. The Algonquian and Siouan stocks have somewhat similar distributions, a large compact group with a few outlying detached fragments. In the former the detached Arapaho and Blackfoot speak very widely divergent Algonquian languages and if we admit Sapir's identification of Wishoskan (Wiyot) and Weitspekan (Yurok), we have representatives still farther removed geographically and correspondingly divergent. The Cheyenne appear somewhat less divergent than the Arapaho but we have historical reasons for believing their separation from the main body to be recent. On general grounds, it has been proposed that the ancestral home of the Siouan stock was on the Atlantic Coast, where representatives were found, but it appears that the Biloxi of the Gulf Coast are nearer the central linguistic types than those farther east. We see here a tendency for the outlying groups to be more divergent from the main body than those nearer, a relation favoring the view that these detached groups represent stragglers, but, whether laggards or true wanderers, is difficult to decide. In the author's opinion the probabilities favor the latter. Reasoning from the marginal phenomenon of faunistic distribution, it has often been assumed that the very small stocks on the coast belts represent the survivals of the more primitive groups. This view seems to have some justification, but it has not yet been demonstrated that these stocks are the more archaic forms of language. Hence, this interpretation so far as it applies to language, must be regarded with caution. • 2;font-size:smaller;

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84 Work from which we have quoted, how much more reason has he now after a recent visit to these shores, when he records having collected "20,000 specimens of 600 species of Seaweeds, besides incidental collections of Marine Zoology" to laud the richness of our seas! Already in the beautiful publication which is the result of this visit, have appeared above two hundred figures of the most lovely of our Algae from various parts of the Australian coast, and most sincerely do we wish the labors of Dr. Harvey may be appreciated as they richly deserve.

Seaweeds, as doubtless many of our readers are aware, differ from land plants in having no true flowers, without any proper roots, but nourished through their entire surface by the water in which they grow, and propagated as many others of the order Cryptogamia, to which they belong, by means of spores arranged in various way on the frond.

Algæ are divided into three series; the first of which is termed Melanospermeæ, from the spores of the plants comprised in it being black or olive colored. They generally grow at half tide level, becoming less frequent towards low water mark, and gradually getting darker in color the deeper they grow. In this series there are many interesting plants, such as Sargassum, Seirococcus, the Sporochnus, distinguishable by the tuft of soft hairs which crown—brush like—the tips of the branches, the rare Bellotia Eriophorum, Padina from the Queenscliff pools, and several species of the Zonaria.

Many of the Fucaceæ were at one time, and perhaps to some extent now are, valuable for the manufacture


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Page:The European Concert in the Eastern Question.djvu/150

 statut personnel des indigènes, un tarif des frais de justice, les ordonnances sur le regime des terres, des digues et canaux. XXXVII. La com joreparera le reglement general judiciaire en ce qui concerne la police de Vaudmice, la discipline des tribunaux, des officiers de justice, des avocats, et les devoirs des mandataires representant les parties à l'audience, l'admission des personnes indigentes au hureau d'assistane judiciaire, l'exercice du droit de recusation peremptoire, et la maniere de procéder en cas de partage des cotes, pour les jugements de la cour d'appel.

''Le projet de reglément ainsi prepare sera transmisaux tribunaux de premiere instance pour leurs observations, et, apres une nouvelle deliberation de la cour qui sera definitive, rendu executoire par decret du ministre de la justice. ''

. XXXVIII. ''Les tribunaux en matiere civile et commerciale ne commenceront a connaitre des causes mixtes qu'un mois apres leur installation. ''

XXXIX. ''Les causes déjà commences devant les consulats Strangers au moment de l'installation des tribunaux, seront jugees devant leur ancien forum jusqu'a leur solution definitive. Elles pourront, cependant, a la demande des parties et avec le consentement de tous les interesses, etre referees aux nouveaux tribunaux.''

XL. ''Les nouvelles lois et la nouvelle organisation judiciaire n'auront pas d'effet rétroactif. ''

TITRE II.

. — Tribunaux des contraventions, de police correctionnelle et cour d'assises. § I. Composition. I. Le juge des contraventions à la charge des etrangers sera un des membres etrangers du tribunal.

II. La chambre du conseil, aussi bien en matiere de del its qu'en matiere de crimes, sera composee de trois juges, dent un indigene et deux etrangers, et de quatre assesseurs etrangers.


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85 of kelp,—some useful as food, and a nutritive diet for invalids, and many yielding Iodine so extensively used in medicine, in great quantity,

In the second series, or Rhodospermeæ, almost all the plants are purple or rose-colored and some of the most elegant forms which our Nereis affords are found here. For delicacy what can compare with the various forms, like spun glass, of the Griffithsia, a genus named after that talented Algologist, Mrs. Griffiths, and the pretty banded Ceramiæ. Chrysimenia has its representative in the rock pools at Queenscliff in the species obovata, which, when cast ashore and bleached, Professor Harvey fancies has some resemblance to the egg clusters of some of the Gasteropodous Mollusca, so frequent on our beaches, the little horny branchlets (ramuli) being invariably ruptured. The Hypnæa episcopalis is sure to be met with, and may be at once known by its long and naked hooked branchlets or tendrils, deep crimson at their tips; from which color and their peculiar form, they have been fancifully supposed to resemble a bishop's crozier—and hence the specific term—episcopalis. The varied forms of Plocamium will give work enough to the student, but their extreme elegance will amply repay him. The family Rhodomelaceæ abounds in beauties,—the hairy, blood red Dasyas; the dark brownish purple Lenormandia, from the midrib of which spring obtuse leaflets (phyllodia); the bright Polyzonias, parasitic on Gelidium glandulæfolium and other Algæ; the oakleaved Thuretia, and the tessellated Amansia linearis are amongst the prettiest of the Australian Algæ, the


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 III. Le tribunal correctionnel aura la meme composition.

IV. La cour d'assises sera composee de trois conseillers, dont un indigene et deux etrangers.

Les douze jures seront etrangers.

Dans ces divers cas, la moitié des assesseurs et des jurés sera de la nationalité de l'inculpé, s'il le demande. Dans le cas où la liste des jurés ou des assesseurs de la nationalité de l'accusé serait insuffisante, il désignera la nationalité à laquelle ils devront appartenir pour completer le nombre voulu.

V. Lorsqu'il y aura plusieurs inculpés, chacun d'eux aura droit de demander un nombre égal d'assesseurs ou de jures, sans que le nombre des assesseurs ou jurés puisse etre augmenté, et sauf a déterminer par la voie du sort ceux des inculpés qui, a raison de ce nombre, ne pourront exercer leur droit.

§ II. Compétence. VI. Seront soumises à la juridiction des tribunaux égyptiens, les poursuites pour contraventions de simple police, et, en outre, les accusations portees centre les auteurs et complices des crimes et delits suivants :

VII. Crimes et delits commis directement centre les magistrats, les jures et les officiers de justice dans l'exercice de leurs fonctions, savoir :

(1) Outrages par gestes, paroles ou menaces ;

(2) Calomnies, injures, pourvu qu'elles aient été proférées, soit en presence du magistrat, du jure ou de I'officier de justice, soit dans l'enceinte du tribunal, ou publiees par voie d'affiche, d'ecrits, d'imprimes, de gravures ou d'emblemes ;

(3) Voies de fait centre leur personne, comprenant les coups blessures et homicide velontaire avec ou sans pre-meditation ;

(4) Voies de fait exercees centre eux ou menaces à eux faites pour obtenir un acte injuste ou illegal ou l'abstention d'un acte juste ou legal;

(5) Abus par un fonctionnaire public de son autorite centre eux dans le meme but;

(6) Tentative de corruption exercee directement centre eux;


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 were not enforced, witnesses were not wanting to come forward and declare, either from their own personal knowledge or on the solemn testimony of departed friends and relatives, that these abominable penalties were enforced, and in a merciless manner too. Mr. James Bonwick, himself a Protestant, and one of the most industrious investigators into the facts of early colonial history, does not hesitate to say, in speaking of this persecuting era:

"All had to go to church; they were driven as sheep to the fold. Whatever their scruples, they had to go. Fallen as many were, they were not to be regarded as aliens altogether in principle and indifferent to faith. In some the very consciousness of crime had developed an eagerness after faith, and that the faith they had known, the faith of a mother. But expostulations were unheeded. If a man humbly entreated to stay behind because he was a Presbyterian, he incurred the danger of a flogging. It is said that upon a similar appeal from another, who exclaimed, 'I'm a Catholic!' he was silenced by the cry of a clerical magistrate, 'Go to church or be flogged!'"

In several places in his "Memoirs," Joseph Holt, or "General" Holt, as he was most frequently styled, from his being one of the chief leaders in the rebellion of '98, mentions the shocking brutality with which his fellow Irish-Catholic prisoners were treated in those dismal days. Here is one harrowing instance out of several that might hi quoted: "I marched to Toongabbee, where all the government transports were kept, who were called out to witness the punishment of the prisoners. One man, Maurice Fitzgerald, was sentenced to receive 300 lashes, and the method of punishment was such as to make it most effectual. The unfortunate man had his hands extended round a tree, his

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86 former composed of a delicate rose-colored network, spread out on the stems which serve as midribs as in an oakleaf; a microscope only will reveal their beauties, no words can adequately describe them.

Amongst the Chlorospermeæ there are few which can vie in beauty with the Apjohnia latevirens (named after Mrs. Apjohn, a very zealous Algologist); it may be found growing in rock pools at Queenscliff, Lady Bay and elsewhere: in its young stage the plant is composed of a number of club-shaped stems about three inches in height, and of a dark green color, but later trichotomous branches grow from these and form an umbel; at first they are glossy, but afterwards become incrusted with carbonate of lime.

The Caulerpas which abound here, afford, we learn from Berkeley, (Cryptogamic Botany, page 162), nutriment to a host of smaller animals. It is these lovely plants that ornament so richly the sides of all the rock pools at the sea-shore. C. Muelleri in its place of growth, freely waving its dark green fronds under the clear water, so much resembled the branches of the Norfolk Island Pine, that Dr. Harvey had named it C. Araucaria, and C. scalpelliformis is named from the knife-like form of its pinnae. A strange peculiarity in this species is recorded in the "Phycologia Australica," noticed by Mr. Henty, of Georgetown, Tasmania. After having been dried, it will on being subsequently moistened on one side, curl up like the sensitive fish-toys made out of horn shavings, and Mr. Henty has named it the "Marine Sensitive Plant."

The green Algae (Chlorospermeæ) inhabit shallow water, but the Red (Rhodospermeæ) must be sought


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Lyne, Hon. William John


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Lyttelton, Right Hon. George William, Lord


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Macalister, Hon. Arthur


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87 for at a much greater depth by means of the dredge, should the collector desire them in really good condition; the pretty white specimens which our Lady Algologists consider so great a boon, are valueless,—that color, as in the Corallines, being but the condition of death; the Apjohnia lætevirens, naturally of a pale green, and the black Melanthalia with many others, are frequently found in this state, but they should be rejected, or retained only until more perfect specimens are obtained.

Already in our chapter on the Aquarium, our readers will have seen how necessary Seaweeds are to maintain the purity of the waters, and thus the lives of the dwellers therein. It is scarcely possible to give any true picture of the vast amount of life dependent on these marine plants. "The great forests of Fuci and Seaweeds," (remarks Mrs. Sommerville,—Physical Geography, 4th edition, page 412) "are everywhere a mass of infinitely varied forms of animal life, either parasitical, feeding on them, or seeking shelter among them." Darwin too in his interesting book to which we have elsewhere referred, says, that "a great volume might be written, describing the inhabitants of one of these beds of Seaweeds: often as I recurred to a branch of the kelp, I never failed to discover animals of new and curious structure." Who now then will question the uses of Algae? Each one indeed—

Absolutely necessary as it is that Algae should not be subjected to the action of the sun, which causes


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Author:Mary Fairfax Somerville

Works

 * The Magnetic Properties of the Violet Rays of the Solar Spectrum (1825)
 * "On the Magnetizing Power of the More Refrangible Solar Rays" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (1826)
 * Mechanism of the Heavens (1830)
 * A Preliminary Dissertation on the Mechanisms of the Heavens (1832)
 * On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences (ten editions, first published 1834): (1834); 1871 edition, better quality scans than other IA copies:
 * Physical Geography vol 1, (1848)
 * Molecular and Microscopic Science vol 1, vol 2 (1869)
 * Cookery and domestic economy: containing upwards of one thousand carefully tested recipes, expressed in simple terms suitable for every-day life
 * Personal recollections, from early life to old age, of Mary Somerville. With selections from her correspondence, (1873; 1874) with Martha Somerville (London, 1873: ; London, 1874: Project Gutenberg, ; Boston, 1874:, , )

Works about Somerville

 * Mrs. Somerville (1836) in Poems of Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in The English Bijou Almanacks, 1836-1839
 * "Mrs Mary Somerville" in The Leisure Hour, Number 1032, 7 October 1871
 * Light science for leisure hours, second series: familiar essays on scientific subjects, natural phenomena, &c. with a sketch of the life of Mary Somerville by Richard Anthony Proctor), 1837-1888; 1873
 * Mrs. Somerville and Mary Carpenter by Sarah Sharp Heaton Hamer, 1839-1927 (1887)
 * Some eminent women of our times: short biographical sketches by Millicent Garrett Fawcett, 1847-1929, (1889)
 * Chapter 1 of Women Worth Emulating by Clara L. Balfour, 1877
 * Chapter VII of Some famous Women by Louise Creighton, 1909
 * Chapter VII of Some famous Women by Louise Creighton, 1909
 * Chapter VII of Some famous Women by Louise Creighton, 1909
 * Chapter VII of Some famous Women by Louise Creighton, 1909

title: Author:Mary Fairfax Somerville


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Lukin, Gresley


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Lucas, Richard James


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Page:The Urantia Book, 1st Edition.djvu/496

430 2. The Voice of Mercy. Mercy is the keynote of seraphic service and angelic ministry. It is therefore fitting that there should be a corps of angels who, in a special manner, portray mercy. These seraphim are the real mercy ministers of the local universes. They are the inspired leaders who foster the higher impulses and holier emotions of men and angels. The directors of these legions are now always completion seraphim who are also graduate guardians of mortal destiny; that is, each angelic pair has guided at least one soul of animal origin during the life in the flesh and has subsequently traversed the circles of Seraphington and has been mustered into the Seraphic Corps of Completion.

3. Spirit Co-ordinators. The third group of superior seraphim are based on Salvington but function in the local universe anywhere they can be of fruitful service. While their tasks are essentially spiritual and therefore beyond the real understanding of human minds, you will perhaps grasp something of their ministry to mortals if it is explained that these angels are intrusted with the task of preparing the ascendant sojourners on Salvington for their last transition in the local universe—from the highest morontia level to the status of newborn spirit beings. As the mind planners on the mansion worlds help the surviving creature to adjust to, and make effective use of, the potentials of morontia mind, so do these seraphim instruct the morontia graduates on Salvington regarding the newly attained capacities of the mind of the spirit. And they serve the ascendant mortals in many other ways.

4. Assistant Teachers. The assistant teachers are the helpers and associates of their fellow seraphim, the teaching counselors. They are also individually connected with the extensive educational enterprises of the local universe, especially with the sevenfold scheme of training operative on the mansion worlds of the local systems. A marvelous corps of this order of seraphim functions on Urantia for the purpose of fostering and furthering the cause of truth and righteousness.

5. The Transporters. All groups of ministering spirits have their transport corps, angelic orders dedicated to the ministry of transporting those personalities who are unable, of themselves, to journey from one sphere to another. The fifth group of the superior seraphim are headquartered on Salvington and serve as space traversers to and from the headquarters of the local universe. Like other subdivisions of the superior seraphim, some were created as such while others have risen from the lower or less endowed groups.

The "energy range" of seraphim is wholly adequate for local universe and even for superuniverse requirements, but they could never withstand the energy demands entailed by such a long journey as that from Uversa to Havona. Such an exhaustive journey requires the special powers of a primary seconaphim of transport endowments. Transporters take on energy for flight while in transit and recuperate personal power at the end of the journey.

Even on Salvington ascending mortals do not possess personal transit forms. Ascenders must depend upon seraphic transport in advancing from world to world until after the last rest of sleep on the inner circle of Havona and the eternal awakening on Paradise. Subsequently you will not be dependent on angels for transport from universe to universe.

The process of being enseraphimed is not unlike the experience of death or sleep except that there is an automatic time element in the transit slumber. You


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Rh are consciously unconscious during seraphic rest. But the Thought Adjuster is wholly and fully conscious, in fact, exceptionally efficient since you are unable to oppose, resist, or otherwise hinder creative and transforming work.

When enseraphimed, you go to sleep for a specified time, and you will awake at the designated moment. The length of a journey when in transit sleep is immaterial. You are not directly aware of the passing of time. It is as if you went to sleep on a transport vehicle in one city and, after resting in peaceful slumber all night, awakened in another and distant metropolis. You journeyed while you slumbered. And so you take flight through space, enseraphimed, while you rest—sleep. The transit sleep is induced by the liaison between the Adjusters and the seraphic transporters.

The angels cannot transport combustion bodies—flesh and blood—such as you now have, but they can transport all others, from the lowest morontia to the higher spirit forms. They do not function in the event of natural death. When you finish your earthly career, your body remains on this planet. Your Thought Adjuster proceeds to the bosom of the Father, and these angels are not directly concerned in your subsequent personality reassembly on the identification mansion world. There your new body is a morontia form, one that can enseraphim. You "sow a mortal body" in the grave; you "reap a morontia form" on the mansion worlds.

6. The Recorders. These personalities are especially concerned with the reception, filing, and redispatch of the records of Salvington and its associated worlds. They also serve as special recorders for resident groups of superuniverse and higher personalities and as clerks of the courts of Salvington and secretaries to the rulers thereof.

Broadcasters—receivers and dispatchers—are a specialized subdivision of the seraphic recorders, being concerned with the dispatch of records and with the dissemination of essential information. Their work is of a high order, being so multicircuited that 144,000 messages can simultaneously traverse the same lines of energy. They adapt the higher ideographic techniques of the superaphic chief recorders and with these common symbols maintain reciprocal contact with both the intelligence co-ordinators of the tertiary supernaphim and the glorified intelligence co-ordinators of the Seraphic Corps of Completion.

Seraphic recorders of the superior order thus effect a close liaison with the intelligence corps of their own order and with all subordinate recorders, while the broadcasts enable them to maintain constant communication with the higher recorders of the superuniverse and, through this channel, with the recorders of Havona and the custodians of knowledge on Paradise. Many of the superior order of recorders are seraphim ascended from similar duties in lower sections of the universe.

7. The Reserves. Large reserves of all types of the superior seraphim are held on Salvington, instantly available for dispatch to the farthermost worlds of Nebadon as they are requisitioned by the directors of assignment or upon the request of the universe administrators. The reserves of superior seraphim also furnish messenger aids upon requisition by the chief of the Brilliant Evening Stars, who is intrusted with the custody and dispatch of all personal communications. A local universe is fully provided with adequate means of inter-


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432 communication, but there is always a residue of messages which requires dispatch by personal messengers.

The basic reserves for the entire local universe are held on the seraphic worlds of Salvington. This corps includes all types of all groups of angels.

This versatile order of universe angels is assigned to the exclusive service of the constellations. These able ministers make their headquarters on the constellation capitals but function throughout all Nebadon in the interests of their assigned realms.

1. Supervising Assistants. The first order of the supervising seraphim are assigned to the collective work of the Constellation Fathers, and they are the ever-efficient helpers of the Most Highs. These seraphim are primarily concerned with the unification and stabilization of a whole constellation.

2. Law Forecasters. The intellectual foundation of justice is law, and in a local universe law originates in the legislative assemblies of the constellations. These deliberative bodies codify and formally promulgate the basic laws of Nebadon, laws designed to afford the greatest possible co-ordination of a whole constellation consistent with the fixed policy of noninfringement of the moral free will of personal creatures. It is the duty of the second order of supervisor seraphim to place before the constellation lawmakers a forecast of how any proposed enactment would affect the lives of freewill creatures. This service they are well qualified to perform by virtue of long experience in the local systems and on the inhabited worlds. These seraphim seek no special favors for one group or another, but they do appear before the celestial lawmakers to speak for those who cannot be present to speak for themselves. Even mortal man may contribute to the evolution of universe law, for these very seraphim do faithfully and fully portray, not necessarily man's transient and conscious desires, but rather the true longings of the inner man, the evolving morontia soul of the material mortal on the worlds of space.

3. Social Architects. From the individual planets up through the morontia training worlds, these seraphim labor to enhance all sincere social contacts and to further the social evolution of universe creatures. These are the angels who seek to divest the associations of intelligent beings of all artificiality while endeavoring to facilitate the interassociation of will creatures on a basis of real self-understanding and genuine mutual appreciation.

Social architects do everything within their province and power to bring together suitable individuals that they may constitute efficient and agreeable working groups on earth; and sometimes such groups have found themselves reassociated on the mansion worlds for continued fruitful service. But not always do these seraphim attain their ends; not always are they able to bring together those who would form the most ideal group to achieve a given purpose or to accomplish a certain task; under these conditions they must utilize the best of the material available.

These angels continue their ministry on the mansion and higher morontia worlds. They are concerned with any undertaking having to do with progress on the morontia worlds and which concerns three or more persons. Two beings


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Rh are regarded as operating on the mating, complemental, or partnership basis, but when three or more are grouped for service, they constitute a social problem and therefore fall within the jurisdiction of the social architects. These efficient seraphim are organized in seventy divisions on Edentia, and these divisions minister on the seventy morontia progress worlds encircling the headquarters sphere.

4. Ethical Sensitizers. It is the mission of these seraphim to foster and to promote the growth of creature appreciation of the morality of interpersonal relationships, for such is the seed and secret of the continued and purposeful growth of society and government, human or superhuman. These enhancers of ethical appreciation function anywhere and everywhere they may be of service, as volunteer counselors to the planetary rulers and as exchange teachers on the system training worlds. You will not, however, come under their full guidance until you reach the brotherhood schools on Edentia, where they will quicken your appreciation of those very truths of fraternity which you will even then be so earnestly exploring by the actual experience of living with the univitatia in the social laboratories of Edentia, the seventy satellites of the Norlatiadek capital.

5. The Transporters. The fifth group of supervisor seraphim operate as personality transporters, carrying beings to and from the headquarters of the constellations. Such transport seraphim, while in flight from one sphere to another, are fully conscious of their velocity, direction, and astronomic whereabouts. They are not traversing space as would an inanimate projectile. They may pass near one another during space flight without the least danger of collision. They are fully able to vary speed of progression and to alter direction of flight, even to change destinations if their directors should so instruct them at any space junction of the universe intelligence circuits.

These transit personalities are so organized that they can simultaneously utilize all three of the universally distributed lines of energy, each having a clear space velocity of 186,280 miles per second. These transporters are thus able to superimpose velocity of energy upon velocity of power until they attain an average speed on their long journeys varying anywhere from 555,000 to almost 559,000 of your miles per second of your time. The velocity is affected by the mass and proximity of neighboring matter and by the strength and direction of the near-by main circuits of universe power. There are numerous types of beings, similar to the seraphim, who are able to traverse space, and who also are able to transport other beings who have been properly prepared.

6. The Recorders. The sixth order of supervising seraphim act as the special recorders of constellation affairs. A large and efficient corps functions on Edentia, the headquarters of the constellation of Norlatiadek, to which your system and planet belong.

7. The Reserves. General reserves of the supervisor seraphim are held on the headquarters of the constellations. Such angelic reservists are in no sense inactive; many serve as messenger aids to the constellation rulers; others are attached to the Salvington reserves of unassigned Vorondadeks; still others may be attached to Vorondadek Sons on special assignment, such as the Vorondadek observer, and sometimes Most High regent, of Urantia.


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434

The fourth order of seraphim are assigned to the administrative duties of the local systems. They are indigenous to the system capitals but are stationed in large numbers on the mansion and morontia spheres and on the inhabited worlds. Fourth-order seraphim are by nature endowed with unusual administrative ability. They are the able assistants of the directors of the lower divisions of the universe government of a Creator Son and are mainly occupied with the affairs of the local systems and their component worlds. They are organized for service as follows:

1. Administrative Assistants. These able seraphim are the immediate assistants of a System Sovereign, a primary Lanonandek Son. They are invaluable aids in the execution of the intricate details of the executive work of the system headquarters. They also serve as the personal agents of the system rulers, journeying back and forth in large numbers to the various transition worlds and to the inhabited planets, executing many commissions for the welfare of the system and in the physical and biologic interests of its inhabited worlds.

These same seraphic administrators are also attached to the governments of the world rulers, the Planetary Princes. The majority of planets in a given universe are under the jurisdiction of a secondary Lanonandek Son, but on certain worlds, such as Urantia, there has been a miscarriage of the divine plan. In the event of the defection of a Planetary Prince, these seraphim become attached to the Melchizedek receivers and their successors in planetary authority. The present acting ruler of Urantia is assisted by a corps of one thousand of this versatile order of seraphim.

2. Justice Guides. These are the angels who present the summary of evidence concerning the eternal welfare of men and angels when such matters come up for adjudication in the tribunals of a system or a planet. They prepare the statements for all preliminary hearings involving mortal survival, statements which are subsequently carried with the records of such cases to the higher tribunals of the universe and the superuniverse. The defense of all cases of doubtful survival is prepared by these seraphim, who have a perfect understanding of all the details of every feature of every count in the indictments drawn by the administrators of universe justice.

It is not the mission of these angels to defeat or to delay justice but rather to insure that unerring justice is dealt out with generous mercy in fairness to all creatures. These seraphim often function on the local worlds, commonly appearing before the referee trios of the conciliating commissions—the courts for minor misunderstandings. Many who at one time served as justice guides in the lower realms later appear as Voices of Mercy in the higher spheres and on Salvington.

In the Lucifer rebellion in Satania very few of the justice guides were lost, but more than one quarter of the other administrator seraphim and of the lower orders of seraphic ministers were misled and deluded by the sophistries of unbridled personal liberty.

3. Interpreters of Cosmic Citizenship. When ascending mortals have completed the mansion world training, the first student apprenticeship in the uni-


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Rh verse career, they are permitted to enjoy the transient satisfactions of relative maturity—citizenship on the system capital. While the attainment of each ascendant goal is a factual achievement, in the larger sense such goals are simply milestones on the long ascending path to Paradise. But however relative such successes may be, no evolutionary creature is ever denied the full though transient satisfaction of goal attainment. Ever and anon there is a pause in the Paradise ascent, a short breathing spell, during which universe horizons stand still, creature status is stationary, and the personality tastes the sweetness of goal fulfillment.

The first of such periods in the career of a mortal ascender occurs on the capital of a local system. During this pause you will, as a citizen of Jerusem, attempt to express in creature life those things which you have acquired during the eight preceding life experiences—embracing Urantia and the seven mansion worlds.

The seraphic interpreters of cosmic citizenship guide the new citizens of the system capitals and quicken their appreciation of the responsibilities of universe government. These seraphim are also closely associated with the Material Sons in the system administration, while they portray the responsibility and morality of cosmic citizenship to the material mortals on the inhabited worlds.

4. Quickeners of Morality. On the mansion worlds you begin to learn self-government for the benefit of all concerned. Your mind learns co-operation, learns how to plan with other and wiser beings. On the system headquarters the seraphic teachers will further quicken your appreciation of cosmic morality—of the interactions of liberty and loyalty.

What is loyalty? It is the fruit of an intelligent appreciation of universe brotherhood; one could not take so much and give nothing. As you ascend the personality scale, first you learn to be loyal, then to love, then to be filial, and then may you be free; but not until you are a finaliter, not until you have attained perfection of loyalty, can you self-realize finality of liberty.

These seraphim teach the fruitfulness of patience: That stagnation is certain death, but that overrapid growth is equally suicidal; that as a drop of water from a higher level falls to a lower and, flowing onward, passes ever downward through a succession of short falls, so ever upward is progress in the morontia and spirit worlds—and just as slowly and by just such gradual stages.

To the inhabited worlds the quickeners of morality portray mortal life as an unbroken chain of many links. Your short sojourn on Urantia, on this sphere of mortal infancy, is only a single link, the very first in the long chain that is to stretch across universes and through the eternal ages. It is not so much what you learn in this first life; it is the experience of living this life that is important. Even the work of this world, paramount though it is, is not nearly so important as the way in which you do this work. There is no material reward for righteous living, but there is profound satisfaction—consciousness of achievement—and this transcends any conceivable material reward.

The keys of the kingdom of heaven are: sincerity, more sincerity, and more sincerity. All men have these keys. Men use them—advance in spirit status—by decisions, by more decisions, and by more decisions. The highest moral choice is the choice of the highest possible value, and always—in any sphere, in all of them—this is to choose to do the will of God. If man thus chooses, he


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436 is great, though he be the humblest citizen of Jerusem or even the least of mortals on Urantia.

5. The Transporters. These are the transport seraphim who function in the local systems. In Satania, your system, they carry passengers back and forth from Jerusem and otherwise serve as interplanetary transporters. Seldom does a day pass in which a transport seraphim of Satania does not deposit some student visitor or some other traveler of spirit or semispirit nature on the shores of Urantia. These very space traversers will sometime carry you to and from the various worlds of the system headquarters group, and when you have finished the Jerusem assignment, they will carry you forward to Edentia. But under no circumstances will they carry you backward to the world of human origin. A mortal never returns to his native planet during the dispensation of his temporal existence, and if he should return during a subsequent dispensation, he would be escorted by a transport seraphim of the universe headquarters group.

6. The Recorders. These seraphim are the keepers of the threefold records of the local systems. The temple of records on a system capital is a unique structure, one third material, constructed of luminous metals and crystals; one third morontial, fabricated of the liaison of spiritual and material energy but beyond the range of mortal vision; and one third spiritual. The recorders of this order preside over and maintain this threefold system of records. Ascending mortals will at first consult the material archives, Material Sons and the higher transition beings consult those of the morontia halls, while seraphim and the higher spirit personalities of the realm peruse the records of the spirit section.

7. The Reserves. The reserve corps of administrator seraphim on Jerusem spend much of their waiting time in visiting, as spirit companions, with the newly arrived ascending mortals from the various worlds of the system—the accredited graduates of the mansion worlds. One of the delights of your sojourn on Jerusem will be to talk and visit, during recess periods, with these much-traveled and many-experienced seraphim of the waiting reserve corps.

It is just such friendly relationships as these that so endear a system capital to the ascending mortals. On Jerusem you will find the first intermingling of Material Sons, angels, and ascending pilgrims. Here fraternize beings who are wholly spiritual and semispiritual and individuals just emerging from material existence. Mortal forms are there so modified and human ranges of light reaction so extended that all are able to enjoy mutual recognition and sympathetic personality understanding.

These seraphim maintain headquarters on the system capitals and, though closely associated with the resident Adamic citizens, are primarily assigned to the service of the Planetary Adams, the biologic or physical uplifters of the material races on the evolutionary worlds. The ministering work of angels becomes of increasing interest as it nears the inhabited worlds, as it nears the actual problems faced by the men and women of time who are preparing themselves for the attempt to attain the goal of eternity.


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Rh On Urantia the majority of the planetary helpers were removed upon the collapse of the Adamic regime, and the seraphic supervision of your world devolved to a greater extent upon the administrators, the transition ministers, and the guardians of destiny. But these seraphic aids of your defaulting Material Sons still serve Urantia in the following groups:

1. The Voices of the Garden. When the planetary course of human evolution is attaining its highest biologic level, there always appear the Material Sons and Daughters, the Adams and Eves, to augment the further evolution of the races by an actual contribution of their superior life plasm. The planetary headquarters of such an Adam and Eve is usually denominated the Garden of Eden, and their personal seraphim are often known as the "voices of the Garden." These seraphim are of invaluable service to the Planetary Adams in all their projects for the physical and intellectual upstepping of the evolutionary races. After the Adamic default on Urantia, some of these seraphim were left on the planet and were assigned to Adam's successors in authority.

2. The Spirits of Brotherhood. It should be apparent that, when an Adam and Eve arrive on an evolutionary world, the task of achieving racial harmony and social co-operation among its diverse races is one of considerable proportions. Seldom do these races of different colors and varied natures take kindly to the plan of human brotherhood. These primitive men only come to realize the wisdom of peaceful interassociation as a result of ripened human experience and through the faithful ministry of the seraphic spirits of brotherhood. Without the work of these seraphim the efforts of the Material Sons to harmonize and advance the races of an evolving world would be greatly delayed. And had your Adam adhered to the original plan for the advancement of Urantia, by this time these spirits of brotherhood would have worked unbelievable transformations in the human race. In view of the Adamic default, it is indeed remarkable that these seraphic orders have been able to foster and bring to realization even as much of brotherhood as you now have on Urantia.

3. The Souls of Peace. The early millenniums of the upward strivings of evolutionary men are marked by many a struggle. Peace is not the natural state of the material realms. The worlds first realize "peace on earth and good will among men" through the ministry of the seraphic souls of peace. Although these angels were largely thwarted in their early efforts on Urantia, Vevona, chief of the souls of peace in Adam's day, was left on Urantia and is now attached to the staff of the resident governor general. And it was this same Vevona who, when Michael was born, heralded to the worlds, as the leader of the angelic host, "Glory to God in Havona and on earth peace and good will among men."

In the more advanced epochs of planetary evolution these seraphim are instrumental in supplanting the atonement idea by the concept of divine attunement as a philosophy of mortal survival.

4. The Spirits of Trust. Suspicion is the inherent reaction of primitive men; the survival struggles of the early ages do not naturally breed trust. Trust is a new human acquisition brought about by the ministry of these planetary seraphim of the Adamic regime. It is their mission to inculcate trust into the minds of evolving men. The Gods are very trustful; the Universal Father is willing freely to trust himself—the Adjuster—to man's association.


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438 This entire group of seraphim was transferred to the new regime after the Adamic miscarriage, and they have ever since continued their labors on Urantia. And they have not been wholly unsuccessful since a civilization is now evolving which embodies much of their ideals of confidence and trust.

In the more advanced planetary ages these seraphim enhance man's appreciation of the truth that uncertainty is the secret of contented continuity. They help the mortal philosophers to realize that, when ignorance is essential to success, it would be a colossal blunder for the creature to know the future. They heighten man's taste for the sweetness of uncertainty, for the romance and charm of the indefinite and unknown future.

5. The Transporters. The planetary transporters serve the individual worlds. The majority of enseraphimed beings brought to this planet are in transit; they merely stop over; they are in custody of their own special seraphic transporters; but there are a large number of such seraphim stationed on Urantia. These are the transport personalities operating from the local planets, as from Urantia to Jerusem.

Your conventional idea of angels has been derived in the following way: During moments just prior to physical death a reflective phenomenon sometimes occurs in the human mind, and this dimming consciousness seems to visualize something of the form of the attending angel, and this is immediately translated into terms of the habitual concept of angels held in that individual's mind,

The erroneous idea that angels possess wings is not wholly due to olden notions that they must have wings to fly through the air. Human beings have sometimes been permitted to observe seraphim that were being prepared for transport service, and the traditions of these experiences have largely determined the Urantian concept of angels. In observing a transport seraphim being made ready to receive a passenger for interplanetary transit, there may be seen what are apparently double sets of wings extending from the head to the foot of the angel. In reality these wings are energy insulators—friction shields.

When celestial beings are to be enseraphimed for transfer from one world to another, they are brought to the headquarters of the sphere and, after due registry, are inducted into the transit sleep. Meantime, the transport seraphim moves into a horizontal position immediately above the universe energy pole of the planet. While the energy shields are wide open, the sleeping personality is skillfully deposited, by the officiating seraphic assistants, directly on top of the transport angel. Then both the upper and lower pairs of shields are carefully closed and adjusted.

And now, under the influence of the transformers and the transmitters, a strange metamorphosis begins as the seraphim is made ready to swing into the energy currents of the universe circuits. To outward appearance the seraphim grows pointed at both extremities and becomes so enshrouded in a queer light of amber hue that very soon it is impossible to distinguish the enseraphimed personality. When all is in readiness for departure, the chief of transport makes the proper inspection of the carriage of life, carries out the routine tests to ascertain whether or not the angel is properly encircuited, and then announces that the traveler is properly enseraphimed, that the energies are adjusted, that the angel is insulated, and that everything is in readiness for the departing flash.


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Rh The mechanical controllers, two of them, next take their positions. By this time the transport seraphim has become an almost transparent, vibrating, torpedo-shaped outline of glistening luminosity. Now the transport dispatcher of the realm summons the auxiliary batteries of the living energy transmitters, usually one thousand in number; as he announces the destination of the transport, he reaches out and touches the near point of the seraphic carriage, which shoots forward with lightninglike speed, leaving a trail of celestial luminosity as far as the planetary atmospheric investment extends. In less than ten minutes the marvelous spectacle will be lost even to reinforced seraphic vision.

While planetary space reports are received at noon at the meridian of the designated spiritual headquarters, the transporters are dispatched from this same place at midnight. That is the most favorable time for departure and is the standard hour when not otherwise specified.

6. The Recorders. These are the custodians of the major affairs of the planet as it functions as a part of the system, and as it is related to, and concerned in, the universe government. They function in the recording of planetary affairs but are not concerned with matters of individual life and existence.

7. The Reserves. The Satania reserve corps of the planetary seraphim is maintained on Jerusem in close association with the reserves of the Material Sons. These abundant reserves repletely provide for every phase of the manifold activities of this seraphic order. These angels are also the personal message bearers of the local systems. They serve transition mortals, angels, and the Material Sons as well as others domiciled on the system headquarters. While Urantia is, at present, outside the spiritual circuits of Satania and Norlatiadek, you are otherwise in intimate touch with interplanetary affairs, for these messengers from Jerusem frequently come to this world as to all the other spheres of the system.

As their name might suggest, seraphim of transitional ministry serve wherever they can contribute to creature transition from the material to the spiritual estate. These angels serve from the inhabited worlds to the system capitals, but those in Satania at present direct their greatest efforts toward the education of the surviving mortals on the seven mansion worlds. This ministry is diversified in accordance with the following seven orders of assignment:

Seraphic Evangels. Racial Interpreters. Mind Planners. Morontia Counselors. Technicians. Recorder-Teachers. Ministering Reserves.

More about these seraphic ministers to transitional ascenders you will learn in connection with the narratives dealing with the mansion worlds and the morontia life.


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440

These angels do not minister extensively except in older realms and on the more advanced planets of Nebadon. Large numbers of them are held in reserve on the seraphic worlds near Salvington, where they are engaged in pursuits relevant to the sometime dawning of the age of light and life in Nebadon. These seraphim do function in connection with the ascendant-mortal career but minister almost exclusively to those mortals who survive by some one of the modified orders of ascension.

Inasmuch as these angels are not now directly concerned with either Urantia or Urantians, it is deemed best to withhold the description of their fascinating activities.

Seraphim are of origin in the local universes, and in these very realms of their nativity some achieve service destiny. With the help and counsel of the senior archangels some seraphim may be elevated to the exalted duties of Brilliant Evening Stars, while others attain the status and service of the unrevealed co-ordinates of the Evening Stars. Still other adventures in local universe destiny may be attempted, but Seraphington ever remains the eternal goal of all angels. Seraphington is the angelic threshold to Paradise and Deity attainment, the transition sphere from the ministry of time to the exalted service of eternity.

Seraphim may attain Paradise in scores—hundreds—of ways, but the most important as elaborated in these narratives are the following:

To gain admission to the Paradise seraphic abode in a personal capacity by achieving perfection of specialized service as a celestial artisan, a Technical Adviser, or a Celestial Recorder. To become a Paradise Companion and, having thus attained the center of all things, perhaps then to become an eternal minister and adviser to the seraphic orders and others. To be summoned to Seraphington. Under certain conditions seraphim are commanded on high; in other circumstances angels sometimes achieve Paradise in a much shorter time than mortals. But no matter how fitted any seraphic pair may be, they cannot initiate departure for Seraphington or elsewhere. None but successful destiny guardians can be sure of proceeding to Paradise by a progressive path of evolutionary ascent. All others must patiently await the arrival of the Paradise messengers of the tertiary supernaphim who come with the summons commanding them to appear on high. To attain Paradise by the evolutionary mortal technique. The supreme choice of seraphim in the career of time is the post of guardian angel in order that they may attain the career of finality and be qualified for assignment to the eternal spheres of seraphic service. Such personal guides of the children of time are called guardians of destiny, signifying that they guard mortal creatures in the path of divine destiny, and that in so doing they are determining their own high destiny.

Guardians of destiny are drawn from the ranks of the more experienced angelic personalities of all orders of seraphim who have qualified for this serv-


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Rh ice. All surviving mortals of Adjuster-fusion destiny have temporary guardians assigned, and these associates may become permanently attached when mortal survivors attain the requisite intellectual and spiritual development. Before mortal ascenders leave the mansion worlds, they all have permanent seraphic associates. This group of ministering spirits is discussed in connection with the Urantia narratives.

It is not possible for angels to attain God from the human level of origin, for they are created a "little higher than you"; but it has been wisely arranged that, while they cannot possibly start up from the very bottom, the spiritual lowlands of mortal existence, they may go down to those who do start from the bottom and pilot such creatures, step by step, world by world, to the portals of Havona. When mortal ascenders leave Uversa to begin the circles of Havona, those guardians of attachment subsequent to the life in the flesh will bid their pilgrim associates a temporary farewell while they journey to Seraphington, the angelic destination of the grand universe. Here will these guardians attempt, and undoubtedly achieve, the seven circles of seraphic light.

Many, but not all, of those seraphim assigned as destiny guardians during the material life accompany their mortal associates through the Havona circles, and certain other seraphim pass through the circuits of the central universe in a way that is wholly different from the mortal ascent. But irrespective of the route of ascent, all evolutionary seraphim traverse Seraphington, and the majority pass through this experience instead of the Havona circuits.

Seraphington is the destiny sphere for angels, and their attainment of this world is quite different from the experiences of the mortal pilgrims on Ascendington. Angels are not absolutely sure of their eternal future until they have attained Seraphington. No angel attaining Seraphington has ever been known to go astray; sin will never find response in the heart of a seraphim of completion.

The graduates of Seraphington are variously assigned: Destiny guardians of Havona-circle experience usually enter the Mortal Finaliter Corps. Other guardians, having passed their Havona separation tests, frequently rejoin their mortal associates on Paradise, and some become the everlasting associates of the mortal finaliters, while others enter the various nonmortal finaliter corps, and many are mustered into the Corps of Seraphic Completion.

After attainment of the Father of spirits and admission to the seraphic service of completion, angels are sometimes assigned to the ministry of worlds settled in light and life. They gain attachment to the high trinitized beings of the universes and to the exalted services of Paradise and Havona. These seraphim of the local universes have experientially compensated the differential in divinity potential formerly setting them apart from the ministering spirits of the central and superuniverses. Angels of the Seraphic Corps of Completion serve as associates of the superuniverse seconaphim and as assistants to the high Paradise-Havona orders of supernaphim. For such angels the career of time is finished; henceforth and forever they are the servants of God, the consorts of divine personalities, and the peers of the Paradise finaliters.

Large numbers of the completion seraphim return to their native universes, there to complement the ministry of divine endowment by the ministry of ex-


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442 periential perfection. Nebadon is, comparatively speaking, one of the younger universes and therefore does not have so many of these returned Seraphington graduates as would be found in an older realm; nonetheless our local universe is adequately supplied with the completion seraphim, for it is significant that the evolutionary realms disclose increasing need for their services as they near the status of light and life. Completion seraphim now serve more extensively with the supreme orders of seraphim, but some serve with each of the other angelic orders. Even your world enjoys the extensive ministry of twelve specialized groups of the Seraphic Corps of Completion; these master seraphim of planetary supervision accompany each newly commissioned Planetary Prince to the inhabited worlds.

Many fascinating avenues of ministry are open to the completion seraphim, but just as they all craved assignment as destiny guardians in the pre-Paradise days, so in the post-Paradise experience they most desire to serve as bestowal attendants of the incarnated Paradise Sons. They are still supremely devoted to that universal plan of starting the mortal creatures of the evolutionary worlds out upon the long and enticing journey towards the Paradise goal of divinity and eternity. Throughout the whole mortal adventure of finding God and of achieving divine perfection, these spirit ministers of seraphic completion, together with the faithful ministering spirits of time, are always and forever your true friends and unfailing helpers.

[Presented by a Melchizedek acting by request of the Chief of the Seraphic Hosts of Nebadon.]


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S IN many of the major groups of universe beings, seven general classes of the Ascending Sons of God have been revealed:

Father-fused Mortals. Son-fused Mortals. Spirit-fused Mortals. Evolutionary Seraphim. Ascending Material Sons. Translated Midwayers. Personalized Adjusters.

The story of these beings, from the lowly animal-origin mortals of the evolutionary worlds to the Personalized Adjusters of the Universal Father, presents a glorious recital of the unstinted bestowal of divine love and gracious condescension throughout all time and in all universes of the far-flung creation of the Paradise Deities.

These presentations began with a description of the Deities, and group by group, the narrative has descended the universal scale of living beings until it has reached the lowest order of life endowed with the potential of immortality; and now am I dispatched from Salvington—onetime a mortal of origin on an evolutionary world of space—to elaborate and continue the recital of the eternal purpose of the Gods respecting the ascending orders of sonship, more particularly with regard to the mortal creatures of time and space.

Since the greater part of this narrative will be devoted to a discussion of the three basic orders of ascending mortals, consideration will first be given to the nonmortal ascending orders of sonship—seraphic, Adamic, midwayer, and Adjuster.

Mortal creatures of animal origin are not the only beings privileged to enjoy sonship; the angelic hosts also share the supernal opportunity to attain Paradise. Guardian seraphim, through experience and service with the ascending mortals of time, also achieve the status of ascendant sonship. Such angels attain Paradise through Seraphington, and many are even mustered into the Corps of Mortal Finality.

To climb to the supernal heights of finaliter sonship with God is a masterly achievement for an angel, an accomplishment far transcending your attainment of eternal survival through the plan of the Eternal Son and the ever-present help of the indwelling Adjuster; but the guardian seraphim, and occasionally others, do actually effect such ascensions.


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444

The Material Sons of God are created in the local universe along with the Melchizedeks and their associates, who are all classified as descending Sons. And indeed, the Planetary Adams—the Material Sons and Daughters of the evolutionary worlds—are descending Sons, coming down to the inhabited worlds from their spheres of origin, the capitals of the local systems.

When such an Adam and Eve are wholly successful in their joint planetary mission as biologic uplifters, they share the destiny of the inhabitants of their world. When such a world is settled in the advanced stages of light and life, this faithful Material Son and Daughter are permitted to resign all planetary administrative duties, and after being thus liberated from the descending adventure, they are permitted to register themselves as perfected Material Sons on the records of the local universe. Likewise, when planetary assignment is long delayed, may the Material Sons of stationary status—the citizens of the local systems—withdraw from the activities of their status spheres and similarly register as perfected Material Sons. After these formalities such liberated Adams and Eves are accredited as ascending Sons of God and may immediately begin the long journey to Havona and Paradise, starting at the exact point of their then present status and spiritual attainment. And they make this journey in company with the mortal and other ascending Sons, continuing until they have found God and have achieved the Corps of Mortal Finality in the eternal service of the Paradise Deities.

Although deprived of the immediate benefits of the planetary bestowals of the descending Sons of God, though the Paradise ascent is long deferred, nevertheless, soon after an evolutionary planet has attained the intermediate epochs of light and life (if not before), both groups of midway creatures are released from planetary duty. Sometimes the majority of them are translated, along with their human cousins, on the day of the descent of the temple of light and the elevation of the Planetary Prince to the dignity of Planetary Sovereign. Upon being relieved of planetary service, both orders are registered in the local universe as ascending Sons of God and immediately begin the long Paradise ascent by the very routes ordained for the progression of the mortal races of the material worlds. The primary group are destined to various finaliter corps, but the secondary or Adamic midwayers are all routed for enrollment in the Mortal Corps of Finality.

When the mortals of time fail to achieve the eternal survival of their souls in planetary association with the spirit gifts of the Universal Father, such failure is never in any way due to neglect of duty, ministry, service, or devotion on the part of the Adjuster. At mortal death, such deserted Monitors return to Divinington, and subsequently, following the adjudication of the nonsurvivor, they may be reassigned to the worlds of time and space. Sometimes, after repeated services of this sort or following some unusual experience, such as


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Rh functioning as the indwelling Adjuster of an incarnated bestowal Son, these efficient Adjusters are personalized by the Universal Father.

Personalized Adjusters are beings of a unique and unfathomable order. Originally of existential prepersonal status, they have experientialized by participation in the lives and careers of the lowly mortals of the material worlds. And since the personality bestowed upon these experienced Thought Adjusters takes origin, and has its wellspring, in the Universal Father's personal and continuing ministry of the bestowals of experiential personality upon his creature creation, these Personalized Adjusters are classified as ascending Sons of God, the highest of all such orders of sonship.

Mortals represent the last link in the chain of those beings who are called sons of God. The personal touch of the Original and Eternal Son passes on down through a series of decreasingly divine and increasingly human personalizations until there arrives a being much like yourselves, one you can see, hear, and touch. And then you are made spiritually aware of the great truth which your faith may grasp—sonship with the eternal God!

Likewise does the Original and Infinite Spirit, by a long series of decreasingly divine and increasingly human orders, draw nearer and nearer to the struggling creatures of the realms, reaching the limit of expression in the angels—than whom you were created but a little lower—who personally guard and guide you in the life journey of the mortal career of time.

God the Father does not, cannot, thus downstep himself to make such near personal contact with the almost limitless number of ascending creatures throughout the universe of universes. But the Father is not deprived of personal contact with his lowly creatures; you are not without the divine presence. Although God the Father cannot be with you by direct personality manifestation, he is in you and of you in the identity of the indwelling Thought Adjusters, the divine Monitors. Thus does the Father, who is the farthest from you in personality and in spirit, draw the nearest to you in the personality circuit and in the spirit touch of inner communion with the very souls of his mortal sons and daughters.

Spirit identification constitutes the secret of personal survival and determines the destiny of spiritual ascension. And since the Thought Adjusters are the only spirits of fusion potential to be identified with man during the life in the flesh, the mortals of time and space are primarily classified in accordance with their relation to these divine gifts, the indwelling Mystery Monitors. This classification is as follows:

Mortals of the transient or experiential Adjuster sojourn. Mortals of the non-Adjuster-fusion types. Mortals of Adjuster-fusion potential.

Series one—mortals of the transient or experiential Adjuster sojourn. This series designation is temporary for any evolving planet, being used during the early stages of all inhabited worlds except those of the second series.

Mortals of series one inhabit the worlds of space during the earlier epochs of the evolution of mankind and embrace the most primitive types of human minds.