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 but the higher knowledge is that by which the Indestructible (Brahman) is apprehended." 6. That which cannot be seen, nor seized, which has no family and no caste, no eyes nor ears, no hands nor feet, the eternal, the omnipresent (all-pervading), infinitesimal, that which is imperishable, that it is which the wise regard as the source of all beings." 7. As the spider sends forth and draws in its thread, as plants grow on the earth, as from every man hairs spring forth on the head and the body, thus does everything arise here from the Indestructible. 8. The Brahman swells by means of brooding (penance) ; hence is produced matter (food); from matter breath, mind, the true , the worlds (seven), and from the works (performed by men in the worlds), the immortal (the eternal effects, rewards, and punishments of works).


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 9. From him who perceives all and who knows all, whose brooding (penance) consists of knowledge, from him (the highest Brahman) is born that Brahman, name, form , and matter (food)."

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 VOL. III


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 EDITED BY

SIR SIDNEY LEE

VOL. III

LONDON

SMITH, ELDER, & CO., 15 WATERLOO PLACE

1912


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the present volume of the Second Supplement, which is designed to furnish biographies of noteworthy persons dying between 22 Jan. 1901 and 31 Dec. 1911, the memoirs reach a total of 557. The contri- butors number 177. The caUings of those whose careers are recorded may be broadly catalogued under ten general headings thus :

Administration of Government at home, in India, and the colonies 68

Army and navy 39

Art (including architecture, music, and the stage) ... 75

Commerce and agriculture 17

Law 26

Literature (including journalism, philology, and philosophy). 132

Religion 51

Science (including engineering, medicine, surgery, exploration, and economics) 115

Social Reform (including philanthropy and education) ... 24

Sport 10

The names of twenty-eight women appear in this volume on account of services rendered in art, Uterature, science, and social or educational reform.

Articles bear the initials of their writers save in a very few cases where material has been furnished to the Editor on an ampler scale than the purpose of the undertaking permitted him to use. In such instances the Editor and his staff are solely responsible for the shape which the article has taken, and no signature is appended.

of works which were published in London in 8vo. In other cases the place of issue and size are specified in addition.
 * ,* In the lists of authors' publications only the date of issue is appended to the titles

Cross references are given thus : to names in the substantive work [q. v.] ; to names in the First Supplement [q. v. Suppl. I] ; and to names in the Second and present Supplement [q. v. Suppl. II].


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220 Whether the King was or was not Head of the Church, became now therefore the rallying point of the struggle; and the denial or acceptance of his title the test of allegiance or disloyalty. To accept it was to go along with the movement heartily and completely; to deny it was to admit the rival sovereignty of the Pope, and with his sovereignty the lawfulness of the sentence of holden in the twenty-fifth year of this reign, whereby great exactions done to the King's subjects by a power from Rome was put away, and thereupon the promise was made that nothing should be interpreted and expounded upon that statute, that the King's Grace, his nobles or subjects, intended to decline or vary from the congregation of Christ's Church in anything concerning the articles of the Catholic faith, or anything declared by Holy Scripture and the Word of God necessary for his Grace's salvation and his subjects'; it is not, therefore, meet lightly to think that the self-same persons, continuing the self-same Parliament, would in the next year following make an Act whereby the King, his nobles and subjects, should so vary. And no man may with conscience judge that they did so, except they can prove that the words of the statute, whereby the King is recognized to be the supreme Head of the Church of England, should show expressly that they intended to do so; as it is apparent that they do not.'There is none authority of Scripture that will prove that any one of the apostles should be head of the Universal Church of Christendom. And if any of the doctors of the Church or the clergy have, by any of their laws or decrees, declared any Scripture to be of that effect, kings and princes, taking to them their counsellors, and such of their clergy as they shall think most indifferent, ought to be judges whether those declarations and laws be made according to the truth of Scripture or not; because it is said in the Psalms, 'Et nunc Regus intelligite, erudimini qui judicatis terram': that is, 'O kings! understand ye, be ye learned that judge the world.' And certain it is that the Scripture is always true; and there is nothing that the doctors and clergy might, through dread and affection, [so well] be deceived in, as in things concerning the honour, dignity, power, liberty, jurisdiction, and riches of the bishops and clergy; and some of them have of likelihood been deceived therein.'—Heads of Arguments concerning the Power of the Pope and the Royal Supremacy: Rolls House MS.


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 IN THE THIRD VOLUME OF THE SECOND SUPPLEMENT


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1534.]. It was to imply that Henry was not only not Head of the Church, but that he was no longer lawful King of England, and that the allegiance of the country must be transferred to the Princess Mary when the Pope and the Emperor should give the word. There might be no intention of treason; the motive of the opposition might be purely religious; but from the nature of the case opposition of any kind would abet the treason of others; and no honesty of meaning could render possible any longer a double loyalty to the Crown and to the Papacy.

The Act conferring the title was in consequence followed by another, declaring the denial of it to be treason. It was necessary to stop the tongues of the noisy mutinous monks, to show them once for all that these high matters were no subjects for trifling. The oath to the succession of the Princess Elizabeth partially answered this purpose; and the obligation to take that oath had been extended to all classes of the King's subjects; but to refuse to swear to the succession was misprision of treason only, not high treason; and the ecclesiastics (it had been seen) found no difficulty in swearing oaths which they did not mean to observe. The Parliament therefore now attached to the Statute of Supremacy the following imperious corollary:—

'Forasmuch as it is most necessary, both for common policy and duty of subjects, above all things to prohibit, provide, restrain, and extinct all manner of


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222 shameful slanders, perils, or imminent danger or dangers, which might grow, happen, or arise to their sovereign lord the King, the Queen, or their heirs, which, when they be heard, seen, or understood, cannot be but odible and also abhorred of all those sorts that be true and loving subjects, if in any point they may, do, or shall touch the King, the Queen, their heirs or successors, upon which dependeth the whole unity and universal weal of this realm; without providing wherefore, too great a scope should be given to all cankered and traitorous hearts, willers and workers of the same; and also the King's loving subjects should not declare unto their sovereign lord now being, which unto them both hath been and is most entirely beloved and esteemed, their undoubted sincerity and truth: Be it therefore enacted, that if any person or persons, after the first day of February next coming, do maliciously wish, will, or desire, by words or writing, or by craft imagine, invent, practise, or attempt any bodily harm to be done or committed to the King's most royal person, the Queen's, or their heirs apparent, or to deprive them or any of them of the dignity, title, or name of their royal estates, or slanderously and maliciously publish and pronounce by express writing or words that the King our sovereign lord should be heretic, schismatic, tyrant, infidel, or usurper of the crown, &c., &c., that all such persons, their aiders, counsellors, concertors, or abettors, being thereof lawfully convict according to the laws and customs of the realm, shall be adjudged traitors, and that every such


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1534.] offence in any of the premises shall be adjudged high treason.'

The terrible powers which were thus committed to the Government lie on the surface of this language; but comprehensive as the statute appears, it was still further extended by the interpretation of the lawyers. In order to fall under its penalties it was held not to be necessary that positive guilt should be proved in any one of the specified offences; it was enough if a man refused to give satisfactory answers when subjected to official examination. At the discretion of the King or his ministers the active consent to the supremacy might be required of any person on whom they pleased to call, under penalty to the recusant of the dreadful death of a traitor. So extreme a measure can only be regarded as a remedy for an evil which was also extreme; and as on the return of quiet times the Parliament made haste to repeal a law which was no longer required, so in the enactment of that law we are bound to believe that they were not betraying English liberties in a spirit of careless complacency; but that they believed truly that the security of the State required unusual precautions. The nation was standing with its sword half drawn in the face of an armed Europe, and it was no time to permit


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224 dissensions in the camp. Toleration is good—but even the best things must abide their opportunity; and although we may regret that in this grand struggle for freedom, success could only be won by the aid of measures which bordered upon oppression, yet here also the even hand of justice was but commending the chalice to the lips of those who had made others drink it to the dregs. They only were likely to fall under the Treason Act who for centuries had fed the rack and the stake with sufferers for 'opinion.'

Having thus made provision for public safety, the Parliament voted a supply of money for the fortifications on the coast and for the expenses of the Irish war; and after transferring to the Crown the first-fruits of Church benefices, which had been previously paid to the See of Rome, and passing at the same time a large and liberal measure for the appointment of twenty- six suffragan bishops, they separated, not to meet again for more than a year.


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1534.] Meanwhile, at Rome a change had taken place which for the moment seemed to promise that the storm after all might pass away. The conclave had elected as a successor to Clement a man who, of all the Italian ecclesiastics, was the most likely to recompose the quarrels in the Church; and who, if the genius or the destiny of the Papacy had not been too strong for any individual will, would perhaps have succeeded in restoring peace to Christendom. In the debates upon the divorce the Cardinal Farnese had been steadily upon Henry's side. He had maintained from the' first the general justice of the King's demands. After the final sentence was passed, he had urged, though vainly, the reconsideration of that fatal step; and though slow and cautious, although he was a person who, as Sir Gregory Cassalis described him, 'would accomplish little, but would make few mistakes,' he had allowed his opinion upon this, as on other matters connected with the English quarrel, to be generally known. He was elected therefore by French influence as the person most likely to meet the difficulties of Europe in a catholic and conciliating spirit. He had announced his intention, immediately on Clement's death, of calling a general council


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226 at the earliest moment, in the event of his being chosen to fill the Papal chair; and as he was the friend rather of Francis I. than of the Emperor, and as Francis was actively supporting Henry, and was negotiating at the same moment with the Protestant princes in Germany, it seemed as if a council summoned under such auspices would endeavour to compose the general discords in a temper of wise liberality, and that some terms of compromise would be discovered where by mutual concessions Catholic and Protestant might meet upon a common ground.

The moment was propitious for such a hope; for the accession of a moderate Pope coincided with the reaction in Germany which followed the scandals at Munster and the excesses of John of Leyden; and Francis pictured to himself a coalition between France, England, and the Lutherans, which, if the Papacy was attached to their side, would be strong enough to bear down opposition, and reconstitute the Churches of Europe upon the basis of liberality which he seemed to have secured for the Church of France. The flattering vision in the autumn of the following year dazzled the German princes. Perhaps in the novelty of hope it was encouraged even by the Pope, before he had felt the strong hand of fate which ruled his will.

To Charles V. the danger of some such termination of the great question at issue appeared most near and real. Charles, whose resentment at the conduct of England united with a desire to assert his authority over his subjects in Germany, beheld with the utmost alarm


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1896. 1.—(1.) A court of quarter sessions shall, notwithstanding Trial of anything in the Quarter Sessions Act, 1842, hive jurisdiction to try a person charged with burglary.

(2.) A justice of the peace when committing for trial a person charged with burglary shall, nevertheless, commit him for trial before a court of assize unless, owing to the absence of any circumstances which make the case a grave or difficult one, he thinks it expedient, in the interests of justice, to commit him for trial before a court of quarter sessions; and the Assizes Relief 52 & 53 Vict Act, 1889, shall apply.

2.— (1.) This Act of the session of the fifth and sixth years of short title, the reign of Her present Majesty, chapter thirty-eight, intituled " An Act to define the jurisdiction of justices in general and quarter sessions of the peace," is in this Act referred to, and may be cited, as the Quarter Sessions Act, 1842.

(2.) This Act may be cited as the Burglary Act, 1896.

3. This Act shall not apply to Scotland or Ireland.

HEREAS by the West Highland Raiway Act, 1894, the West Highland Railway Company were authorised to construct an extension of their railway from Banavie to Mallaig (in this Act called the railway), with a pier and ether works in connexion therewith, and to raise the necessary capital for that purpose, and by section fifty-two of the Act certain provisions were to take effect in the event of the Treasury being authorised to guarantee and guaranteeing, for a period of thirty years from the date of the opening for passenger traffic of the railway, the payment of interest or dividend at the rate of three pounds per centum per annum on two hundred and sixty thousand pounds of the share and loan capital to be raised under the Act, and granting a sum of thirty thousand pounds towards the cost of constructing the pier, breakwater, and other works by the Act authorised, and it is expedient that the Treasury be authorised to give such guarantee and make such grant:

Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1.—(1,) The Treasury may, subject to the terms and conditions Power for contained in the agreement dated the tenth day of March thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, between William Hayes


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1534.] a scheme growing to maturity which menaced alike his honour, his desire of revenge, his supremacy in Europe, and perhaps his religious convictions. A liberal coalition would be fatal to order, to policy, to truth; and on the election of Cardinal Farnese, the Count de Nassau was sent on a secret mission to Paris with overtures, the elaborate condescension of which betrays the anxiety that must have dictated them. The Emperor, in his self-constituted capacity of the Princess Mary's guardian, offered her hand with the English succession to the Duke of Angoulesme. From the terms on which he was supposed to stand with Anne Boleyn, it was thought possible that Henry might consent; he might not dare, as D'Inteville before suggested, to oppose the united demands of France and the Empire. To


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452 Fisher, Esquire, and Ekdward George Villiers Stanley (commonly Lord Stanley), two of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, and the West Highland Railway Company (being the agreement in the schedule to this Act), guarantee for a period of thirty years from the date of the opening for passenger traffic of the railway, the payment of interest or dividend at the rate of three pounds per centum per annum on two hundred and sixty thousand pounds of the share capital to be raised under the West Highland Railway Act, 1894, and may on the completion of the said pier, breakwater, and other works, pay to the company the said sum of thirty thousand pounds, and the sums required for the purposes of this section shall be paid out of moneys provided by Parliament, and if those moneys are insufficient shall be charged on and paid out of the Consolidated Fund or the growing produce thereof.

(2.) During the said period of thirty years the Board of Trade shall make an annual report to Parliament as to the condition and working of the railway, the rates and charges for traffic, and the receipts and expenditure of any company in working the railway.

2. During the period, not exceeding the said period of thirty years, for which the whole or any part of the interest or dividend guaranteed by this Act shall be payable by the Treasury, the railway shall not be assessed to any local rate at a higher value than that at which the land occupied by the railway would have been assessed if it had remained in the condition in which it was immediately before it was acquired for the purpose of the railway.

3. This Act may be cited as the West Highland Railway Guarantee Act, 1896.

Agreement under Seal made this tenth day of March one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, between William Hayes Fisher, Esquire, and Edward George Villiers Stanley (commonly called Lord Stanley), two of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury (herein- after called "the Treasury") of the first part, and the West Highland Railway Company (herein-after called "the Company") of the second part:

Whereas by the West Highland Railway Act, 1894 (herein-after called "the said Act"), the Company were empowered to construct an extension of their railway from Banavie to Mallaig, with a pier and other works connected therewith, and to raise two hundred and sixty thousand pounds additional share capital and to borrow one hundred and twenty-eight thousand pounds as in the said Act mentioned.

And whereas sections 51 and 52 of the said Act are as follows:— (51.) "In the event of the Treasury being authorised to guarantee the payment of interest or dividend on the whole or any portion of the share and loan capital to be raised under this Act, and to grant any sum or sums


text: The European Concert in the Eastern Question/Chapter 1


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 228 de Valois the Count was to propose the splendid temptation of a marriage with Philip. If Francis would surrender the English alliance, the Emperor would make over to him the passionately coveted Duchy of Milan, to be annexed to France on the death of the reigning Duke. In the mean time he would pay to the French King, as 'tribute for Milan,' a hundred thousand crowns a year, as an acknowledgment of the right of the house of Yalois. Offers such as these might well have tempted the light ambition of Francis. If sincere, they were equivalent to a surrender of the prize for which the Emperor's life had been spent in contending, and perilous indeed it would have been for England if this intrigue had been permitted to succeed. But whether it was that Francis too deeply distrusted Charles, that he preferred the more hazardous scheme of the German alliance, or that he supposed he could gain his object more surely with the help of England, the Count de


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1896. of money towards the cost of constructing the pier, breakwater, and other works by this Act authorised, the Company may enter into and fulfil agreements with the Treasury with respect to such guarantee and grant, and may accept and comply with such conditions and obligations as the Treasury may attach thereto, provided that such conditions and obligations do not diminish the security of any mortgages or debenture stock granted or issued by the Company before the date of such Agreement."

(52.) "In the event of the Treasury being authorised to guarantee and guaranteeing, for a period of thirty years from the date of the opening for passenger traffic of the railway by this Act authorised, the payment of interest or dividend at the rate of three pounds per centum per annum, on two hundred and sixty thousand pounds of the share and loan capital to be raised under this Act, and granting a sum of thirty thousand pounds towards the cost of constructing the pier, breakwater, and other works by this Act authorised, sections 41 and 43 of the North British Railway Act, 1893, and the Agreement set forth in the Third Schedule to that Act, except Article Seventh thereof, shall be held to extend to and include the railway, pier, breakwater, and works by this Act authorised, and if the net revenue accruing to the Company from the said railway, pier, breakwater, and works after payment of the items included in Article Sixth of the said Agreement is not, along with the interest or dividend to be received by the Company from the Treasury, sufficient in any half-year, to pay interest or dividend for such half-year, at the rate of three pounds per centum per annum on the whole paid-up share and loan capital of the Company to be raised under this Act, the North British Railway Company shall contribute such sum as may be necessary to make up interest or dividend at that rate upon the paid-up share and loan capital of the Company, and may undertake to contribute such additional sum as may be necessary to make up such interest or dividend to the rate of three pounds ten shillings per centum per annum, and the whole surplus if any of the net revenues of the Company, after payment of such interest or dividend at either of the rates aforesaid, shall belong and be paid to the North British Railway Company."

And whereas Her Majesty's Government propose to introduce a Bill into Parliament authorising the Treasury to Garantee on such terms as they think fit for a period of thirty years from the date of the opening for passenger traffic of the railway authorised by the said Act (herein-after referred to as "the railway") the payment of interest or dividend at the rate of three pounds per centum per annum on the two hundred and sixty thousand pounds of share capital to be raised under the said Act and to errant the said sum of thirty thousand pounds:

It is agreed in the event of the said Bill becoming an Act as follows:

(1.) From the date of the opening for traffic of any portion of the railway, the Company will in the first instance apply fifty per cent, of the gross revenues arising therefrom after payment thereout of (1) Government duty and (2) poor school county and other rates and taxes towards payment of a dividend of three per centum on the above mentioned capital of two hundred and sixty thousand pounds.

(2.) The Company shall render to the Board of Trade, half-yearly or otherwise as the Treasury may direct, returns of all traffic arising or terminating on or passing over the railway and of the gross revenues arising therefrom.

(3.) The Company will pay the costs incurred by the Board of Trade in checking such returns and seeing that the said traffic and gross revenues are duly accounted for.

(4.) The Company will keep or procure to be kept by the Company working the railway proper and sufficient accounts and vouchers, which


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1534.] Nassau left Paris with a decisive rejection of the Emperor's advances; and in the beginning of January, De Bryon, the High Admiral of France, was sent to England, to inform Henry of what had passed, and to propose for Elizabeth the marriage which Charles had desired for the Princess Mary.

De Bryon's instructions were remarkable. To consolidate the alliance of the two nations, he was to entreat Henry at length to surrender the claim to the Crown of France, which had been the cause of so many centuries of war. In return for this concession, Francis would make over to England, Gravelines, Newport, Dunkirk, a province of Flanders, and 'the title of the Duke of Lorrayne to the town of Antwerp, with sufficient assistance for the recovery of the same.' Henry was not to press Francis to part from the Papacy; and De Bryon seems to have indicated a hope that the English King might retrace his own steps. The weight of French influence, meanwhile, was to be pressed, to induce the Pope to revoke and denounce, voyd and frustrate the unjust and slanderous sentence given by his predecessor; and the terms of this new league were to be completed by the betrothal of the Princess Elizabeth to the Duke of Angoulesme.

There had been a time when these proposals would have answered all which Henry desired. In the early days of his reign he had indulged himself in visions of


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454 shall be open at all reasonable times to examination and transcription by the Board of Trade.

(5.) On the fulfilment by the Company from time to time and at all times during the continuance of this Agreement of the above conditions, the Treasury will guarantee for a period of thirty years from the date of the opening for passenger traffic of the railway, the payment of interest or dividend at the rate of three pounds per centum per annum on the two hundred and sixty thousand pounds of share capital to be raised under the said Act, and will pay half-yearly to the Company such sum as along with the balance of fifty per centum of the gross revenues of the Company arising from the railway after payment thereout of Government duty and rates and taxes as aforesaid may be necessary to enable the Company to pay a dividend for the half-year immediately preceding the date of payment of three pounds per centum per annum on the said capital of two hundred and sixty thousand pounds.

(6.) Her Majesty's Government will pay to the Company the said sum of thirty thousand pounds towards the cost of the construction of the said pier and breakwater on the completion thereof being certified by the Board of Trade.

(7.) No liability shall attach to the Treasury under this Agreement other than the liability to pay in accordance with clause 6 of this Agreement the said sum of thirty thousand pounds, and from time to time during the continuance of this Agreement such sums as may be required to give effect to clause 5 of this Agreement out of moneys provided by Parliament, or if such moneys are not sufficient, out of moneys charged on and paid out of the Consolidated Fund or the growing produce thereof; provided that such last mentioned moneys not be payable as part of the annual charge for the National Debt.

(8.) If at any time during the continuance of this Agreement the portion of the undertaking of the Company authorised by the said Act is, with the sanction of Parliament, acquired by and transferred to or amalgamated with the undertaking of any other company or companies, then, on the completion of such acquisition, transfer, or amalgamation such other company or companies shall be and be deemed to be substituted for the Company in these presents.

(9.) This Agreement is in substitution of the Agreement between the Company and two of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, dated the seventh day of May one thousand eight hundred and nine-five.

In witness whereof the parties hereto of the first part have to one part of these presents set their hands and seals and the Company have to another part of these presents caused their Common Seal to be affixed the day and year first above written.

The Common Seal of the West Highland Railway Company was hereunto affixed in the presence of

,

Secretary, West Highland Railway Company.


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230 empire, and of repeating the old glories of the Plantagenet kings. But in the peace which was concluded after the defeat of Pavia, he showed that he had resigned himself to a wiser policy, and the surrender of a barren designation would cost him little. In his quarrel with the Pope, also, he had professed an extreme reluctance to impair the unity of the Church; and the sacrifices which he had made, and the years of persevering struggle which he had endured, had proved that in those professions he had not been insincere. But Henry's character was not what it had been when he won his title of Defender of the Faith. In the experience of the last few years he had learnt to conceive some broader sense of the meaning of the Reformation; and he had gathered from Cromwell and Latimer a more noble conception of the Protestant doctrines. He had entered upon an active course of legislation for the putting away the injustices, the falsehoods, the oppressions of a degenerate establishment; and in the strong sense that he had done right, and nothing else but right, in these measures, he was not now disposed to submit to a compromise, or to consent to undo anything which he was satisfied had been justly done, in consideration of any supposed benefit which he could receive from the Pope. He was anxious to remain in communion with the See of Rome. He was willing to acknowledge in some innocuous form the Roman supremacy. But it could be only on his own terms. The Pope must come to him; he could not go


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 * Author:Edward Tyas Cook DNB ETC
 * Author:James Cooper DNB JC
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 * Author:Alfred Laurence Felkin DNB ALF
 * Author:William Gowland Field DNB
 * Author:John Neville Figgis DNB
 * Author:Thomas A. Finlay DNB
 * Author:Charles Harding Firth DNB
 * Author:Herbert Albert Laurens Fisher DNB HALF
 * Author:David Fitzgerald DNB
 * Author:James Fitzmaurice-Kelly DNB
 * Author:William George Dimock Fletcher DNB
 * Author:William Henry Grattan Flood DNB
 * Author:Nevill Forbes DNB
 * Author:Walter Howard Frere DNB WHF Frere
 * Author:Douglas W. Freshfield DNB
 * Author:S. E. Fryer DNB
 * Author:Frederick William Gamble DNB
 * Author:Frank W. Gibson DNB FWG-n
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 * Author:Eric Graham DNB
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 * Author:George Abraham Grierson DNB
 * Author:Francis Llewellyn Griffith DNB
 * Author:Henry Guppy DNB
 * Author:Leonard George Guthrie DNB
 * Author:James Cuthbert Hadden DNB JCH
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 * Author:John Alexander Herbert DNB
 * Author:Henry Higgs DNB
 * Author:Alfred Peter Hillier DNB
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 * Author:Arthur Robert Hinks DNB ARH
 * Author:Robert Lockhart Hobson DNB
 * Author:David George Hogarth DNB DGH
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 * Author:Francis Caldwell Holland DNB
 * Author:Henry Park Hollis DNB HPH
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 * Author:Edith Sophia Hooper DNB ESH-r
 * Author:James Hooper DNB
 * Author:Walter Wybergh How DNB
 * Author:Osbert John Radcliffe Howarth DNB
 * Author:Arthur Hughes DNB
 * Author:Thomas Cann Hughes DNB TCH Hughes
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 * Author:William Holden Hutton DNB
 * Author:Courtenay Peregrine Ilbert DNB
 * Author:Everard im Thurn DNB EimT
 * Author:Roger Ingpen DNB RI
 * Author:Hugh McLeod Innes DNB
 * Author:Clarke Huston Irwin DNB CHI
 * Author:A. V. Williams Jackson DNB
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 * Author:W. S. Jackson DNB WSJ
 * Author:Montague Rhodes James DNB
 * Author:T. E. James DNB TEJ James
 * Author:Richard Jennings DNB RJ
 * Author:Arthur Henry Johnson DNB
 * Author:Claude Johnson DNB CJ Johnson
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 * Author:Frederic George Kenyon DNB FGK
 * Author:David Reid Keys DNB DRK
 * Author:Charles Lethbridge Kingsford DNB
 * Author:Paul George Konody DNB
 * Author:Horace Lamb DNB
 * Author:John Newport Langley DNB
 * Author:Joseph Larmor DNB
 * Author:Daniel Conner Lathbury DNB
 * Author:John Knox Laughton DNB JKL
 * Author:Leonard George Carr Laughton DNB LGCL
 * Author:William John Lawrence DNB WJL
 * Author:W. R. M. Leake DNB
 * Author:Elizabeth Lee DNB EL
 * Author:Robert Warden Lee DNB
 * Author:Sidney Lee DNB SL
 * Author:Charles Herbert Lees DNB CHL
 * Author:William Lee-Warner DNB WL-W
 * Author:R. C. Lehmann DNB RCL
 * Author:John Henry Leslie DNB JHL-e
 * Author:Thomas Martin Lindsay DNB
 * Author:E. M. Lloyd DNB
 * Author:John Edward Lloyd DNB JEL
 * Author:Benjamin Fossett Lock DNB
 * Author:Basil Somerset Long DNB BSL
 * Author:Joseph Henry Longford DNB Longford
 * Author:Henry Louis DNB
 * Author:Sidney J. Low DNB
 * Author:Charles Prestwood Lucas DNB CPL
 * Author:E. V. Lucas DNB
 * Author:Perceval Lucas DNB PL
 * Author:Reginald Lucas DNB RL Lucas
 * Author:James Ramsay MacDonald DNB JRM
 * Author:A. A. Macdonell DNB
 * Author:Charles Donald Maclean DNB
 * Author:George Augustin Macmillan DNB
 * Author:William Gray McNaught DNB
 * Author:John Gordon Swift MacNeill DNB
 * Author:Falconer Madan DNB
 * Author:Andrew Macphail DNB
 * Author:Henry Elliot Malden DNB
 * Author:Bernard Mallet DNB
 * Author:James Marchant DNB
 * Author:John Masefield DNB
 * Author:Annie Matheson DNB
 * Author:David Storrar Meldrum DNB DSM Meldrum
 * Author:Lewis Melville DNB LM
 * Author:Everard Meynell DNB
 * Author:Henry Miers DNB
 * Author:A. H. Millar DNB
 * Author:Viscount Milner DNB
 * Author:James Donald Milner DNB JDM
 * Author:Harry Christopher Minchin DNB HCM Minchin
 * Author:James Edward Geoffrey de Montmorency DNB
 * Author:William Flavelle Monypenny DNB
 * Author:Norman Moore DNB NM
 * Author:Edward Moorhouse DNB
 * Author:Miss S. Morrison DNB
 * Author:A. L. Mumm DNB
 * Author:Robert H. Murray DNB
 * Author:Gerald le Grys Norgate DNB GLeGN
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 * Author:Philip Norman DNB
 * Author:Richard Barry O'Brien DNB RBO'B
 * Author:David James O'Donoghue DNB DJO'D
 * Author:George William Thomson Omond DNB GWTO
 * Author:John Henry Bernard i.e. Ossory DNB
 * Author:D. J. Owen DNB
 * Author:W. B. Owen DNB WBO
 * Author:T. E. Page DNB
 * Author:Stephen Paget DNB SP
 * Author:John Parker (1875-1952) DNB JP
 * Author:Edward Abbott Parry DNB
 * Author:David Patrick DNB
 * Author:Ernest Harold Pearce DNB EHP
 * Author:John Sinclair, 1st Baron Pentland DNB
 * Author:L. R. Phelps DNB
 * Author:Theophilus Goldridge Pinches DNB TGP
 * Author:Charles Plummer DNB
 * Author:A. W. Pollard DNB
 * Author:D'Arcy Power DNB D'AP
 * Author:G. W. Prothero DNB
 * Author:David Prain DNB
 * Author:Arthur Quiller-Couch DNB
 * Author:R. S. Rait DNB
 * Author:John Rae DNB JR Rae
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 * Author:George Speirs Alexander Ranking DNB GSAR
 * Author:C. Hercules Read DNB CR
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 * Author:T. Kirke Rose DNB
 * Author:Robert Baldwin Ross DNB RR
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title: Wikisource:WikiProject DNB/1912 authors


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/475

1896.

HEREAS it is expedient to amend the provisions of the Baths and Washhouses Act, 1878, with respect to the use which may be made of baths provided under the Baths and Washhouses Acts, 1846 to 1882:

Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. This Act may be cited for all purposes as the Baths and Washhouses Act, 1896, and this Act and the Baths and Washhouses Acts, 1846 to 1882, may be cited together for all purposes as the Baths and Washhouses Acts, 1846 to 1896.

2. From and after the passing of this Act the following proviso Amendment of to section five of the Baths and Washhouses Act, 1878, viz.:

"Provided always that no covered or open swimming bath when closed may be used for music or dancing," shall be repealed, so far as the administrative county of London is concerned.

 * Provided always—
 * (a.) That the Commissioners appointed under the Baths and Washhouses Acts, 1846 to 1896 {{Outside 56 & 57 Vict. c.77 ss. 7 and 33(1) (5), or any sanitary authority or other representative body to whom the powers of the said Commissioners shall have been transferred by any order of the Local Government Board made under the provisions of the Local Government Act, 1894, which Commissioners, sanitary authority, or representative body, are herein-after referred to as " such Commissioners," shall before any such bath is used for music or dancing obtain a licence from the London County Council in the manner herein-after prescribed;
 * (b.) That no portion of the premises in respect of which the licence is granted be let otherwise than occasionally to any person or persons corporate or otherwise, and that no money for admission be taken at the doors;
 * (c.) That such Commissioners be responsible for any breach of the conditions on which the licence is granted which may occur during any entertainment given on such premises by their permission.

{{RL sidenote|Licence by London County Council}} 3. At any annual licensing meeting, or at any other meeting Licence by duly convened with fourteen days previous notice, the London County Council may grant a licence for music or dancing, or for both purposes, to such Commissioners, subject to the provisions of the Disorderly Houses Act, 1751{{RL sidenote|25 Geo. 2,c. 36.}} as amended by the Local Government Act, 1888.{{RL sidenote|51 & 52 Vict. c. 41.}} {{rule|12em}} {{sidenotes end}}


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 des lieux, dans l’un plus, dans l’autre moins d’hommes qu’ils n’en peuvent fournir ; de même que c’est réduire les soldats au désespoir et contribuer à la dépopulation du pays, que de les retenir toute leur vie au service.

En résumé, sans les diverses lois, dont on vient de voir la nécessité, il n’y a pour l’empire ni force, ni richesse, ni bonheur, ni tranquillité ; il doit, au contraire, les attendre de l’existence de ces lois nouvelles.

C’est pourquoi désormais la cause de tout prévenu sera jugée publiquement, conformément à notre loi divine, après enquête et examen, et tant qu’un jugement régulier ne sera point intervenu, personne ne pourra, secrètement ou publiquement, faire périr une autre personne par le poison ou par tout autre supplice.

II ne sera permis à personne de porter atteinte à l’honneur de qui que ce soit.

Chacun possédera ses propriétés de toute nature, et en disposera avec la plus entière liberté sans que personne puisse y porter obstacle. Ainsi, par exemple, les héritiers innocents d’un criminel ne seront point privés de leurs droits légaux, et les biens du criminel ne seront point confisqués.

Ces concessions impériales s’étendant à tons nos sujets, de quelque religion ou secte qu’ils puissent être, ils en jouiront sans exception. Une sécurité parfaite est donc accordée par nous aux habitants de l’empire dans leur vie, leur honneur et leur fortune, ainsi que l’exige le texte sacré de notre loi.

Quant aux autres points, comme ils doivent être réglés par le concours d’opinions éclairées, notre conseil de justice (augmenté de nouveaux membres, autant qu’il sera nécessaire), auquel se réuniront, à certains jours que nous déterminerons, nos ministres et nos notables de l’empire, s’assemblera à l’effet d’établir des lois réglementaires sur ces points de la sécurité de la vie et de la fortune, et sur celui de l’assiette des impôts. Chacun, dans ces assemblées, exposera librement ses idées, et donnera son avis.

Les lois concernant la régularisation du service militaire seront débattues au conseil militaire, tenant séance au palais du séraskier.

Dès qu’une loi sera finie, pour être à jamais valable et exécutoire, elle nous sera présentée : nous l’ornerons de notre sanction, que nous écrirons en tête, de notre main impériale.

Comme ces présentes institutions n’ont pour but que de faire refleurir la religion, le gouvernement, la nation et l’empire, nous nous engageons à ne rien faire qui y soit contraire. En gage de notre promesse, nous voulons, après les avoir déposées dans la salle qui renferme le manteau glorieux du Prophète, en présence de tons


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/495

A.D. 1896.] and for other purposes. (London County Council (General Powers).)

clxxix. An Act to authorise the London Tramways Company (Limited) to construct additional Tramways and for other purposes. (London Tramways Company (Limited).)

cxc. An Act to empower the Corporation of Sheffield to construct Works for impounding the waters of the River Porter or Little Don and its tributaries and to supply water to the Corporations of Botherham and Doncaster and to acquire the Water Undertaking of the Stocksbridge Urban District Council and for other purposes. (Sheffield Corporation Water.)

cxci. An Act to empower the Callander and Oban Railway Company to extend their Railway from Connel Ferry to Ballachulish and for other purposes. (Callander and Oban Railway.)

cxcii. An Act to make amendments in the Acts of the Alexandra (Newport and South Wales) Docks and Railway Company with respect (among other matters) to the reverter in certain events of lands to Lord Tredegar and for other purposes. (Alexandra (Newport and South Wales) Docks and Railway.)

cxciii. An Act to enable the Barry Railway Company to construct new Railways and to exercise certain running powers and for other purposes. (Barry Railway.)

cxciv. An Act to extend -the time for the completion of the authorised Railways of the Easton and Church Hope Railway Company and for other purposes. (Easton and Church Hope Railway (Extension of Time).)

cxcv. An Act to enable the London Chatham and Dover Railway Company to raise further capital and for other purposes (London Chatham and Dover Railway (Capital).)

cxcvi. An Act for altering the limits for the supply of gas and water of the Bournemouth Gas and Water Company and for authorising that Company to construct new Gasworks and Waterworks and to raise additional capital and for other purposes. (Bournemouth Gas and Water.)

cxcvii. An Act to authorise the Cork Blackrock and Passage Railway Company to extend their Railway to Crosshaven and to confer further powers on the Company in relation to their undertaking and for other purposes. (Cork Blackrock and Passage Railway.)

cxcviii. An Act to transfer the undertaking of the Cornwall Minerals Railway Company to the Great Western Railway Company and to empower the Great Western Railway Company to raise additional Capital. (Cornwall Minerals Railway.)

cxcix. An Act to confer further powers on the Corporation of the City of Glasgow and for other purposes. (Glasgow Corporation (General Powers).)


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/21

 THE

PUBLIC GENERAL STATUTES.

59

An Act to continue temporarily certain Powers for the Removal of Difficulties at Elections under the Local Government Act, 1894. [6th March 1896.]

E it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

Power of county council to remove difficulties

If any difficulty arises with respect to any election of parish or district councillors or of guardians, or to the first meeting after any ordinary election of such councillors or guardians, or if, difficulties, from an election not being held, or being defective, or otherwise, the council or board has not been properly constituted, the county council may by order make any appointment or do anything which appears to them necessary or expedient for the proper holding of any such election or meeting, and properly constituting the council or board, and may, if it appears to them necessary, direct the holding of an election or meeting, and fix the dates for any such election or meeting.

Any such order may modify the provisions of the Local Government Act, 1894, and the enactments applied by, or rules framed under, that Act, so far as may appear to the county council necessary or expedient for carrying the order into effect.

A county council may delegate their powers under this section to a committee.

2. This Act shall continue in force until the thirty-first day of December one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven, and no longer, unless continued by Parliament.

3. This Act may be cited as the Local Government (Elections) Act, 1896.

An Act to provide, during Twelve Months, for the Discipline and Regulation of the Army. [27th March 1896.]

HEREAS the raising or keeping of a standing army within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in time of peace, unless it be with the consent of Parliament, is against law:

And whereas it is adjudged necessary by Her Majesty and this present Parliament, that a body of forces should be continued for


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 Ghazi Ahmed Moukhtar Pacha, Muchir de mon Armée Impériale, Chef d’Etat Major, décoré des Ordres Impériaux de l’Osmanié en brillants et du Médjidié de première classe, et Salim Effendi, Haut Fonctionnaire de mon Empire, Conseiller de la Cour de Cassation, ont été précédemment envoyés en Crète en vertu de mon Iradé Impérial, afin d’y examiner les demandes concernant les modifications à apporter au Règlement Organique octroyé par le Firman du 25 Rémézan 1284. A l’arrivée de ces dignitaires en Crète, les vœux de la population ont été examinés dans un Conseil tenu ad hoc et composé des personnes dont la présence était nécessaire. Les modifications à introduire au Règlement, arrêtées en seize Articles et quelques dispositions particulières, ont été consignées dans un Acte qui fut présenté à ma Sublime Porte, et dont la teneur suit : —

I. Le Règlement Spécial de l’Ile de Crète est en vigueur comme par le passé. Certaines dispositions seulement de ce Règlement seront modifiées et complétées comme ci-dessous.

La Constitution n’annulera pas les dispositions de ce Règlement.

II. Le Gouverneur-Général est nommé, conformément au Règlement Organique de Crète. La durée de ses fonctions sera de cinq ans.

III. L’Assemblée Générale sera composée de quatre-vingt membres, dont quarante-neuf Chrétiens et trente et un Musulmans.

IV. La Session annuelle de l’Assemblée Générale sera comme par le passé, de quarante jours. Toutefois, si l’Assemblée ne peut terminer durant ce laps de temps les travaux de cette année-ci, la première Session pourra être prorogée de vingt jours au plus.

Les séances sont publiques.

Afin de combler les lacunes qui existent dans la législation Ottomane en vigueur, l’Assemblée Générale aura le droit d’élaborer immédiatement un Code de Procédure Civile et Criminelle, et un Règlement Communal, qui font encore défaut, et de les soumettre à l’approbation de la Sublime Porte, qui les sanctionnera s’ils ne portent pas atteinte aux droits


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Page:Public General Statutes 1896.djvu/22

2 the safety of the United Kingdom and the defence of the possessions of Her Majesty's Crown, and that the whole number of such forces should consist of one hundred and fifty-six thousand one hundred and seventy-four, including those to be employed at the depots in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland for the training of recruits for service at home and abroad, but exclusive of the numbers actually serving within Her Majesty's Indian possessions:

And whereas it is also judged necessary for the safety of the United Kingdom; and the defence of the possessions of this realm, that a body of Royal Marine forces should be employed in Her Majesty's fleet and naval service, under the direction of the Lord High Admiral of the United Kingdom, or the Commissioners for executing the office of Lord High Admiral aforesaid:

And whereas the said marine forces may frequently be quartered or be on shore, or sent to do duty or be on board transport ships or vessels, merchant ships or vessels, or other ships or vessels, or they may be under other circumstances in which they will not be subject to the laws relating to the government of Her Majesty's forces by sea:

And whereas no man can be forejudged of life or limb, or subjected in time of peace to any kind of punishment within this realm by martial law, or in any other manner than by the judgment of his peers and according to the known and established laws of this realm; yet nevertheless it being requisite, for the retaining all the before-mentioned forces, and other persons subject to military law, in their duty, that an exact discipline be observed, and that persons belonging to the said forces who mutiny or stir up sedition, or desert Her Majesty's service, or are guilty of crimes and offences to the prejudice of good order and military discipline, be brought to a more exemplary and speedy punishment than the usual forms of the law will allow:

And whereas the Army Act will expire in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six on the following days:
 * (a.) In the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, on the thirtieth day of April; and
 * (b.) Elsewhere in Europe, inclusive of Malta, also in the West Indies and America, on the thirty-first day of July; and
 * (c.) Elsewhere, whether within or without Her Majesty's dominions, on the thirty-first day of December:

Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. This Act may be cited as the Army (Annual) Act, 1896.

2.—(1.) The Army Act shall be and remain in force during the periods herein-after mentioned, and no longer, unless otherwise to be in force provided by Parliament; that is to say, (a.) Within the United Kingdom, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, from the thirtieth day of April one thousand


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Rh and go by the tram. The platform on which the baths of La Raillère are constituted command a view of the deep valley of Lutour, down which descends a stream issuing from a chain of little lakes lying in the lap of the Pic de Mallerouge, 9740 feet, the lowest of which, the Lac d'Estom, discharges its waters by a beautiful cascade, and they further leap down into the basin of Cauterets at its extremity in a white streak. Above the Lac d'Estom in a wild chaotic cirque are the tarns that feed it; one of these retains its coat of ice almost all the year through.

The Lutour joins the Gave de Jerret above La Raillère, and it is up this latter that the way leads to the Pont d'Espagne and the Lac de Gaube, about which more presently. Another Gave, that of Cambasque, unites with the Gave of Pierrefite by the station of the electric tram at Cauterets, and below the town itself.

The Thermes des Œufs, so designated from the smell of rotten eggs, sulphuretted hydrogen, emitted by the waters, is one of the most luxuriously furnished establishments of the kind in Europe. Six springs contribute their water to the baths. Above these is the casino.

"Cauterets," said Taine, "is a bourg at the bottom of a valley, dismal enough, paved, and furnished with an octroi. Innkeepers, guides, all that ravenous population surround us. We are annexed by touts, children, donkey-drivers, by the first garçons who can hitch on to us. We are handed cards, we receive rcecommendationsrecommendations [sic] to this hotel for its situation, to that for its cuisine. We are attended, cap in hand, by the crowd, elbowing one another out of the way, to the end of the village. 'This is my traveller,' shouts one, 'come near him and I will horsewhip you.' Every hotel has its herd of touts. Here all are hunters. In winter they hunt the chamois, in summer the tourist."

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Rh over the river formed by the junction of the Gave de Mascadou and that which issues from the Lac de Gaube. Higher up the first of these is a picturesque wooden bridge thrown across the torrent.

The path to the Lac de Gaube leaves the road just before reaching the Pont d'Espagne. The lake is a lovely mountain tarn two miles and a half in circumference. The sides are steep, in places clothed with dark masses of pines; and in the background rises the Vignemale, 10,820 feet, with its crevassed glacier, that feeds the lake by a cascade.

By the water is a white marble monument to the memory of a Mr. Pattison and his wife, who were drowned here whilst on their wedding trip, within a month of their marriage, on 20 September, 1832. Mrs. Ellis thus describes the accident. Her husband was acquainted with the relatives of both:—

"It is said to have been a bright and beautiful morning when the English bride and bridegroom went out upon this lake, in the fisherman's rudely-constructed boat, the very same that we saw lying by the shore, than which a more unsafe or unmanageable vessel could scarcely be imagined. Little seems to be known of the awful event which followed, except what those who stood on the shore relate, that when the boat was about the middle of the lake, the figure of the man was seen stooping overboard—that the female, alarmed for his safety, rushed to the same side—and thus, the vessel being overbalanced, both were plunged into a watery grave. The bodies were both found, though one not till a month after. They were conveyed to England, and buried at Witham, in Essex."

The recklessness of the villagers in times past had threatened Cauterets with destruction. The forests had been cut down, and free course given to the avalanches to fall into the valley and cover all with stones and mud. If something had not been effected to bridle the torrent above La Raillère, the

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1896. eight hundred and ninety-six to the thirtieth day of April one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven, both inclusive; and
 * (b.) Elsewhere in Europe, inclusive of Malta, also in the West Indies and America, from the thirty-first day of July one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six to the thirty-first day of July one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven, both inclusive; and
 * (c.) Elsewhere, whether within or without Her Majesty's dominions, from the thirty-first day of December one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six to the thirty-first day of December one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven, both inclusive;

and the day from which the Army Act is continued in any place by this Act is in relation to that place referred to in this Act as the commencement of this Act.

(2.) The Army Act, while in force, shall apply to persons subject to military law, whether within or without Her Majesty's dominions.

(3.) A person subject to military law shall not be exempted from the provisions of the Army Act by reason only that the number of the forces for the time being in the service of Her Majesty, exclusive of the marine forces, is either greater or less than the number herein-before mentioned.

3. There shall be paid to the keeper of a victualling house for accommodation provided by him in pursuance of the Army Act the prices specified in the schedule to this Act.

4. For removing doubts it is declared that the things which may be done under or in pursuance of section one of the Madras and Bombay Armies Act, 1893, may be done either within or without the presidencies of Madras and Bombay respectively.

Note.- An officer shall pay for his food.


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166 springs there would have been overwhelmed with rubble, and the thermal establishment utterly wrecked. The ravine down which the avalanches fall is that of Péquère, and it was not snow and small stuff only that was brought down, but huge masses of rock.

Great pains have been taken, by means of replanting the slopes and the erection of barriers, to protect the baths, and these eiforts have been happily crowned with success. Since 1897 another avalanche path has been taken in hand, that of the Lizey, which menaced the road to Pierrefite, and had in fact cut all communication during three weeks in 1895.

Even the esplanade of Cauterets was threatened. The winter of 1903-4 tried the place severely; in the month of January the masses of fallen snow reached the town itself. In spite of themselves the inhabitants of the basin have had to yield to the resolution of the Board of Forestry and allow extensive replantation.

The journey up the ravine to Luz by electric tram presents a succession of beautiful peeps of the bottle-green river thundering through the gorge, breaking into masses of foam at every leap; waterfalls descend the mountain sides right and left—everywhere is rich and luxuriant vegetation.

The gorge opens to reveal the green meadows of Viscos, then contracts again, once more to expand into the basin of Luz. High aloft on a terrace stand the villages of Vizos and Esquièze, with their church spires. In the background is seen a superb circle of snow-clad mountains, those of the ridge of the Mont Perdu, nearer the Soum Blanc on one side and the Pic Long on the other.

The whole of the district, from the opening of the gorge at Pierrefite upwards, formed the Pays or Val de Barèges,

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4  An Act to apply certain sums out of the Consolidated Fund to the service of the years ending on the thirty-first day of March one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six and one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven.[27th March 1896.]

Most Gracious Sovereign,

E, Your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal subjects, the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in Parliament assembled, towards making good the supply which we have cheerfully granted to Your Majesty in this session of Parliament, have resolved to grant unto Your Majesty the sums herein-after mentioned; and do therefore most humbly beseech Your Majesty that it may be enacted; and be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. The Treasury may issue out of the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and apply towards making good the supply granted to Her Majesty for the service of the year ending on the thirty-first day of March one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, the sum of two million two hundred and fifty-two thousand six hundred and sixty-six pounds.

2. The Treasury may issue out of the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and apply towards making good the supply granted to Her Majesty for the service of the year ending on the thirty- first day of March one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven, the sum of ten million two hundred and eighty-two thousand three hundred pounds.

3. The Treasury may borrow from any person, and the Bank of England may advance to the Treasury on the credit of the said sum, any sum or sums not exceeding in the whole the sum of twelve million five hundred and thirty-four thousand nine hundred and sixty-six pounds, and the Treasury shall repay the moneys so borrowed with interest not exceeding five pounds per centum per annum, out of the growing produce of the Consolidated Fund at any period not later than the nest succeeding quarter to that in which the said moneys were borrowed.

Any moneys so borrowed shall be placed to the credit of the account of the Exchequer, and shall form part of the said Consolidated Fund, and be available in any manner in which such Fund is available.

4. This Act may be cited as the Consolidated Fund (No. 1) Act, 1896.


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Rh which formerly enjoyed to a high degree the rights of self-government. It was practically an independent republic till the time of the Revolution, its liberties accorded to it in acknowledgment of services rendered in wars with Spain. Few taxes were imposed; that most severely felt elsewhere, on salt, did not trouble the Barègois. They had entire liberty to chase and to fish, rights so jealously reserved by the princes elsewhere. Even in diplomacy Barèges preserved a sort of autonomy, and treated with delegates from the Spanish valleys without reference to the counts of Bigorre or the kings of France.

What strikes the eye at once on arriving at Luz is the old Castle of Sainte Marie, now reduced to a ruin, perched on a height; and the curious parish church, built and fortified by the Templars, who had a commandery here. The crenellated walls now enclosing the small area in which stands the church were built by the Knights of Malta, who succeeded to the place that had been occupied by the Templars, after the suppression of this latter order.

On each side of the apse is a tower, one of which resembles the keep of a castle. The ramparts surrounding the old cemetery of the Knights are passed through an embattled gateway.

There are two portals into the church, that on the north being the main entrance, and it is Romanesque. The tympanum, surrounded by inscriptions of the twelfth century, contains symbols of the evangelists surrounding a figure of Christ. The bases of the columns of the doorway also bear inscriptions. The interior of the church is dark, dungeon-like, and the decorations and furniture are barbaric. On the south side of the nave is a late chapel dedicated to S. Mary Magdalen. A child's stone sarcophagus serves as a bénitier

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In nobil sangue vita umile e queta, Ed in alto intelletto un puro core; Frutto senile in sul giovenil fiore, E in aspetto pensoso anima lieta.—.

had been my wish, on presenting the public with the Posthumous Poems of Mr. Shelley, to have accompanied them by a biographical notice; as it appeared to me that at this moment a narration of the events of my husband's life would come more gracefully from other hands than mine, I applied to Mr. Leigh Hunt. The distinguished friendship that Mr. Shelley felt for him, and the enthusiastic affection with which Mr. Leigh Hunt clings to his friend's memory, seemed to point him out as the person best calculated for such an undertaking. His absence from this country, which prevented our mutual explanation, has unfortunately rendered my scheme abortive. I do not doubt but that on some other occasion he will pay this tribute to his lost friend, and sincerely regret that the volume which I edit has not been honoured by its insertion.

The comparative solitude in which Mr. Shelley lived was the occasion that he was personally known to few; and his fearless enthusiasm in the cause which he considered the most sacred upon earth, the improvement of the moral and physical state of mankind, was the chief reason why he, like other illustrious reformers, was pursued by hatred and calumny. No man was ever more devoted than he to the endeavour of making those around him happy; no man ever possessed friends more unfeignedly attached to him. The ungrateful world did not feel his loss, and the gap it made seemed to close as quickly over his memory as the murderous sea above his living frame. Hereafter men will lament that his transcendent powers of intellect were extinguished before they had bestowed on them their choicest treasures. To his friends his loss is irremediable: the wise, the brave, the gentle, is gone for ever! He is to them as a bright vision, whose radiant track, left behind in the memory, is worth all the realities that society can afford. Before the critics contradict me, let them appeal to any one who had ever known him. To see him was to love him: and his presence, like Ithuriel's spear, was alone sufficient to disclose the falsehood of the tale which his enemies whispered in the ear of the ignorant world.

His life was spent in the contemplation of Nature, in arduous study, or in acts of kindness and affection. He was an elegant scholar and a profound metaphysician; without possessing much scientific knowledge, he was unrivalled in the justness and extent of his observations on natural objects; he knew every plant by its name, and was familiar with the history and habits of every production of the earth; he could interpret without a fault each appearance in the sky; and the varied phenomena of heaven and earth filled him with deep emotion. He made his study and reading-room of the shadowed copse, the stream,


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1896.  An Act to prevent certain Disqualifications for Elections to Parish Councils of 1896.[27th March 1896.]

E it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. Any person who is otherwise qualified for election, but who Qualification has entered into residence on or before the twenty-fifth day of March, one thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, shall be eligible for election at the parish council elections of the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, notwithstanding that the period of residence is under one year, and if so elected shall be held to have been duly qualified.

2. This Act may be cited as the Local Government (Elections) (No. 2) Act, 1896.   An Act to enable Women to be elected and act as Poor Law Guardians in Ireland.[31st March 1896.]

E it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. No person otherwise qualified to be elected and to be a guardian for a poor law union in Ireland, shall be disqualified by sex or marriage for being elected or being such guardian, anything contained in any Act to the contrary notwithstanding.

This Act may be cited as the Poor Law Guardians (Ireland) (Women) Act, 1896.

  An Act to make provision for the Construction of Works in the United Kingdom and elsewhere for the purpose of the Royal Navy.[31st March 1896.]

Most Gracious Sovereign,

HEREAS it is expedient to make provision for the construction of the works specified in the schedule to this Act, both in the United Kingdom and in the colonies in the schedule mentioned:

And whereas the said schedule sets forth estimates, of the cost of those works, of the time within which they are to be completed, of the amount expended thereon, and of the amount required for the expenditure thereon during the financial year ending the thirty-first day of March one thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven:


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Rh the lake, and the waterfall. Ill health and continual pain preyed upon his powers; and the solitude in which we lived, particularly on our first arrival in Italy, although congenial to his feelings, must frequently have weighed upon his spirits; those beautiful and affecting Lines written in Dejection near Naples were composed at such an interval; but, when in health, his spirits were buoyant and youthful to an extraordinary degree.

Such was his love for Nature that every page of his poetry is associated, in the minds of his friends, with the loveliest scenes of the countries which he inhabited. In early life he visited the most beautiful parts of this country and Ireland. Afterwards the Alps of Switzerland became his inspirers. Prometheus Unbound was written among the deserted and flower-grown ruins of Rome; and, when he made his home under the Pisan hills, their roofless recesses harboured him as he composed the Witch of Atlas, Adonais, and Hellas. In the wild but beautiful Bay of Spezzia, the winds and waves which he loved became his playmates. His days were chiefly spent on the water; the management of his boat, its alterations and improvements, were his principal occupation. At night, when the unclouded moon shone on the calm sea, he often went alone in his little shallop to the rocky caves that bordered it, and, sitting beneath their shelter, wrote the Triumph of Life, the last of his productions. The beauty but strangeness of this lonely place, the refined pleasure which he felt in the companionship of a few selected friends, our entire sequestration from the rest of the world, all contributed to render this period of his life one of continued enjoyment. I am convinced that the two months we passed there were the happiest which he had ever known: his health even rapidly improved, and he was never better than when I last saw him, full of spirits and joy, embark for Leghorn, that he might there welcome Leigh Hunt to Italy. I was to have accompanied him; but illness confined me to my room, and thus put the seal on my misfortune. His vessel bore out of sight with a favourable wind, and I remained awaiting his return by the breakers of that sea which was about to engulf him.

He spent a week at Pisa, employed in kind offices toward his friend, and enjoying with keen delight the renewal of their intercourse. He then embarked with Mr. Williams, the chosen and beloved sharer of his pleasures and of his fate, to return to us. We waited for them in vain; the sea by its restless moaning seemed to desire to inform us of what we would not learn:—but a veil may well be drawn over such misery. The real anguish of those moments transcended all the fictions that the most glowing imagination ever portrayed; our seclusion, the savage nature of the inhabitants of the surrounding villages, and our immediate vicinity to the troubled sea, combined to imbue with strange horror our days of uncertainty. The truth was at last known,—a truth that made our loved and lovely Italy appear a tomb, its sky a pall. Every heart echoed the deep lament, and my only consolation was in the praise and earnest love that each voice bestowed and each countenance demonstrated for him we had lost,—not. I fondly hope, for ever; his unearthly and elevated nature is a pledge of the continuation of his being, although in an altered form.


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6  And whereas money for the construction of some of the said works was granted by the Appropriation Act, 1894, said by the Naval Works Act, 1895, and the sum of one million pounds granted by the latter Act will soon have been wholly expended:

And whereas it is expedient to make further provision for the construction of those works and also to make provision for the construction of the other works specified in the schedule to this Act:

Now we, Your Majesty's most dutiful and loyal Subjects the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Land in Parliament assembled, having considered the premises and being desirous to provide forthwith for the construction of the said works, have cheerfully granted to Your Majesty a further sum of two million seven hundred and fifty thousand pounds, to be paid out of the Consolidated Fund, towards defraying the expenses incurred or to be incurred for the said construction, and we have resolved that the said sum may be provided as herein-after mentioned; and we do most humbly beseech Your Majesty that it may be enacted, and be it enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:

1. The Admiralty may forthwith proceed with the construction of the works specified in the schedule to this Act at the places therein mentioned, and for that purpose may acquire such lands and execute such works as they may deem expedient.

2. In addition to the sums authorised by any other Act to be issued, the Treasury shall issue out of the Consolidated Fund or the growing produce thereof such sums not exceeding in the whole the sum of two million seven hundred and fifty thousand pounds as may be required by the Admiralty for the purposes of this Act.

3.— (1.) Before any moneys are issued for the purpose of expenditure under any one of the heads in the schedule to this Act, the Admiralty shall submit to the Treasury an estimate, with such details as may be required by the Treasury, of the expenditure under that head for which it is for the time being proposed to issue money, and shall therewith state the period within which it is proposed to expend the money so issued.

(2.) There shall be no excess of any expenditure for any work specified in the schedule above the amount stated for that work in the fifth column of the schedule, unless the Treasury and Admiralty are satisfied that the excess will be compensated by savings on the expenditure specified in that column of the schedule for other works so that no excess will be caused over the total expenditure specified in the fifth column of the schedule; and in such cases the savings may be applied in payment of the excess.

4. Such sum as is shown by the account certified by the Comptroller and Auditor-General under section four of the Sinking Fund Act, 1875, to be the surplus of income above expenditure for


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xvi Rome received his ashes; they are deposited beneath its weed-grown wall, and ‘the world’s sole monument’ is enriched by his remains.

I must add a few words concerning the contents of this volume. Julian and Maddalo, the Witch of Atlas, and most of the Translations, were written some years ago; and, with the exception of the Cyclops, and the Scenes from the Magico Prodigioso, may be considered as having received the author’s ultimate corrections. The Triumph of Life was his last work, and was left in so unfinished a state that I arranged it in its present form with great difficulty. All his poems which were scattered in periodical works are collected in this volume, and I have added a reprint of Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude: the difficulty with which a copy can be obtained is the cause of its republication. Many of the Miscellaneous Poems, written on the spur of the occasion, and never retouched, I found among his manuscript books, and have carefully copied. I have subjoined, whenever I have been able, the date of their composition.

I do not know whether the critics will reprehend the insertion of some of the most imperfect among them; but I frankly own that I have been more actuated by the fear lest any monument of his genius should escape me than the wish of presenting nothing but what was complete to the fastidious reader. I feel secure that the lovers of Shelley’s poetry (who know how, more than any poet of the present day, every line and word he wrote is instinct with peculiar beauty) will pardon and thank me: I consecrate this volume to them.

The size of this collection has prevented the insertion of any prose pieces. They will hereafter appear in a separate publication.

MARY W. SHELLEY. , June 1, 1824.