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HE results of Peter's preaching on the day of Pentecost were such as to decide the future policies, and to determine the plans, of the majority of the apostles in their efforts to proclaim the gospel of the kingdom. Peter was the real founder of the Christian church; Paul carried the Christian message to the gentiles, and the Greek believers carried it to the whole Roman Empire.

Although the tradition-bound and priest-ridden Hebrews, as a people, refused to accept either Jesus' gospel of the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man or Peter's and Paul's proclamation of the resurrection and ascension of Christ (subsequent Christianity), the rest of the Roman Empire was found to be receptive to the evolving Christian teachings. Western civilization was at this time intellectual, war weary, and thoroughly skeptical of all existing religions and universe philosophies. The peoples of the Western world, the beneficiaries of Greek culture, had a revered tradition of a great past. They could contemplate the inheritance of great accomplishments in philosophy, art, literature, and political progress. But with all these achievements they had no soul-satisfying religion. Their spiritual longings remained unsatisfied.

Upon such a stage of human society the teachings of Jesus, embraced in the Christian message, were suddenly thrust. A new order of living was thus presented to the hungry hearts of these Western peoples. This situation meant immediate conflict between the older religious practices and the new Christianized version of Jesus' message to the world. Such a conflict must result in either decided victory for the new or for the old or in some degree of compromise. History shows that the struggle ended in compromise. Christianity presumed to embrace too much for any one people to assimilate in one or two generations. It was not a simple spiritual appeal, such as Jesus had presented to the souls of men; it early struck a decided attitude on religious rituals, education, magic, medicine, art, literature, law, government, morals, sex regulation, polygamy, and, in limited degree, even slavery. Christianity came not merely as a new religion—something all the Roman Empire and all the Orient were waiting for—but as a new order of human society. And as such a pretension it quickly precipitated the social-moral clash of the ages. The ideals of Jesus, as they were reinterpreted by Greek philosophy and socialized in Christianity, now boldly challenged the traditions of the human race embodied in the ethics, morality, and religions of Western civilization.

At first, Christianity won as converts only the lower social and economic strata. But by the beginning of the second century the very best of Greco-Roman culture was increasingly turning to this new order of Christian belief, this new concept of the purpose of living and the goal of existence.


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ESUS enjoyed a sublime and wholehearted faith in God. He experienced the ordinary ups and downs of mortal existence, but he never religiously doubted the certainty of God's watchcare and guidance. His faith was the outgrowth of the insight born of the activity of the divine presence, his indwelling Adjuster. His faith was neither traditional nor merely intellectual; it was wholly personal and purely spiritual.

The human Jesus saw God as being holy, just, and great, as well as being true, beautiful, and good. All these attributes of divinity he focused in his mind as the "will of the Father in heaven." Jesus' God was at one and the same time "The Holy One of Israel" and "The living and loving Father in heaven." The concept of God as a Father was not original with Jesus, but he exalted and elevated the idea into a sublime experience by achieving a new revelation of God and by proclaiming that every mortal creature is a child of this Father of love, a son of God.

Jesus did not cling to faith in God as would a struggling soul at war with the universe and at death grips with a hostile and sinful world; he did not resort to faith merely as a consolation in the midst of difficulties or as a comfort in threatened despair; faith was not just an illusory compensation for the unpleasant realities and the sorrows of living. In the very face of all the natural difficulties and the temporal contradictions of mortal existence, he experienced the tranquillity of supreme and unquestioned trust in God and felt the tremendous thrill of living, by faith, in the very presence of the heavenly Father. And this triumphant faith was a living experience of actual spirit attainment. Jesus' great contribution to the values of human experience was not that he revealed so many new ideas about the Father in heaven, but rather that he so magnificently and humanly demonstrated a new and higher type of living faith in God. Never on all the worlds of this universe, in the life of any one mortal, did God ever become such a living reality as in the human experience of Jesus of Nazareth.

In the Master's life on Urantia, this and all other worlds of the local creation discover a new and higher type of religion, religion based on personal spiritual relations with the Universal Father and wholly validated by the supreme authority of genuine personal experience. This living faith of Jesus was more than an intellectual reflection, and it was not a mystic meditation.

Theology may fix, formulate, define, and dogmatize faith, but in the human life of Jesus faith was personal, living, original, spontaneous, and purely spiritual. This faith was not reverence for tradition nor a mere intellectual belief which he held as a sacred creed, but rather a sublime experience and a profound conviction which securely held him. His faith was so real and all-encompassing that it

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Rh come on again and not give the thing up in disgust; he wanted more.

On an occasion like this there is rarely anything approaching concerted action on the part of the aggressors. When the attack came, it was not a combined attack; Stone, who was nearest to the door, made a sudden dash forward, and Mike hit him under the chin.

Stone drew back, and there was another interval for rest and reflection.

It was interrupted by the reappearance of Psmith, who strolled back along the passage swinging his dressing-gown cord as if it were some clouded cane.

"Sorry to keep you waiting, Comrade Jackson," he said politely. "Duty called me elsewhere. With the kindly aid of a guide who knows the lie of the land, I have been making a short tour of the dormitories. I have poured divers jugfuls of water over Comrade Spiller's bed, Comrade Robinson's bed, Comrade Stone's—Spiller, Spiller, these are harsh words; where you pick them up I can't think—not from me. Well, well, I suppose there must be an end to the pleasantest of functions. Goodnight, good-night."

The door closed behind Mike and himself. For ten minutes shufflings and whisperings went on in the corridor, but nobody touched the handle.

Then there was a sound of retreating footsteps, and silence reigned.

On the following morning there was a notice on the house-board. It ran:

 * }
 * }
 * }

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202

the same morning Mike met Adair for the first time.

He was going across to school with Psmith and Jellicoe, when a group of three came out of the gate of the house next door.

"That's Adair," said Jellicoe, "in the middle."

His voice had assumed a tone almost of awe.

"Who's Adair?" asked Mike.

"Captain of cricket, and lots of other things."

Mike could only see the celebrity's back. He had broad shoulders and wiry, light hair, almost white. He walked well, as if he were used to running. Altogether a fit-looking sort of man. Even Mike's jaundiced eye saw that.

As a matter of fact, Adair deserved more than a casual glance. He was that rare type, the natural leader. Many boys and men, if accident, or the passage of time, places them in a position where they are expected to lead, can handle the job without disaster; but that is a very different thing from being a born leader. Adair was of the sort that comes to the top by sheer force of character and determination. He was not naturally clever at work, but he had gone at it with a dogged resolution which had carried him up the school, and landed him high in the Sixth. As a cricketer he was almost entirely self-taught. Nature had given him a good eye, and left the thing at that. Adair's doggedness had triumphed over her failure to do her work thoroughly. At the cost of more trouble than most people give to their life-work he had made himself into a bowler. He read the authorities, and watched first-class players, and thought the thing out on his own account, and he divided the art of bowling into three sections. First, and most important—pitch. Second on the list—break. Third—pace. He set himself to acquire pitch. He acquired it. Bowling at his own pace and without any attempt at break,

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Rh he could now drop the ball on an envelope seven times out of ten.

Break was a more uncertain quantity. Sometimes he could get it at the expense of pitch, sometimes at the expense of pace. Some days he could get all three, and then he was an uncommonly bad man to face on anything but a plumb wicket.

Running he had acquired in a similar manner. He had nothing approaching style, but he had twice won the mile and half-mile at the Sports off elegant runners, who knew all about stride and the correct timing of the sprints and all the rest of it.

Briefly, he was a worker. He had heart.

A boy of Adair's type is always a force in a school. In a big public school of six or seven hundred, his influence is felt less; but in a small school like Sedleigh he is like a tidal wave, sweeping all before him. There were two hundred boys at Sedleigh, and there was not one of them in all probability who had not, directly or indirectly, been influenced by Adair. As a small boy his sphere was not large, but the effects of his work began to be apparent even then. It is human nature to want to get something which somebody else obviously values very much; and when it was observed by members of his form that Adair was going to great trouble and inconvenience to secure a place in the form eleven or fifteen, they naturally began to think, too, that it was worth being in those teams. The consequence was that his form always played hard. This made other forms play hard. And the net result was that, when Adair succeeded to the captaincy of football and cricket in the same year, Sedleigh, as Mr. Downing, Adair's house-master and the nearest approach to a cricket-master that Sedleigh possessed, had a fondness for saying, was a keen school. As a whole, it both worked and played with energy.

All it wanted now was opportunity.

This Adair was determined to give it. He had that passionate fondness for his school which every boy is popularly supposed to have, but which really is

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 in about one in every thousand. The average public-school boy likes his school. He hopes it will lick Bedford at footer and Malvern at cricket, but he rather bets it won't. He is sorry to leave, and he likes going back at the end of the holidays, but as for any passionate, deep-seated love of the place, he would think it rather bad form than otherwise. If anybody came up to him, slapped him on the back, and cried, "Come along, Jenkins, my boy! Play up for the old school, Jenkins! The dear old school! The old place you love so!" he would feel seriously ill.

Adair was the exception.

To Adair, Sedleigh was almost a religion. Both his parents were dead; his guardian, with whom he spent the holidays, was a man with neuralgia at one end of him and gout at the other; and the only really pleasant times Adair had had, as far back as he could remember, he owed to Sedleigh. The place had grown on him, absorbed him. Where Mike, violently transplanted from Wrykyn, saw only a wretched little hole not to be mentioned in the same breath with Wrykyn, Adair, dreaming of the future, saw a colossal establishment, a public school among public schools, a lump of human radium, shooting out Blues and Balliol Scholars year after year without ceasing.

It would not be so till long after he was gone and forgotten, but he did not mind that. His devotion to Sedleigh was purely unselfish. He did not want fame. All he worked for was that the school should grow and grow, keener and better at games and more prosperous year by year, till it should take its rank among the schools, and to be an Old Sedleighan should be a badge passing its owner everywhere.

"He's captain of cricket and footer," said Jellicoe impressively. "He's in the shooting eight. He's won the mile and half two years running. He would have boxed at Aldershot last term, only he sprained his wrist. And he plays fives jolly well!"

"Sort of little tin god," said Mike, taking a violent dislike to Adair from that moment.

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Rh Mike's actual acquaintance with this all-round man dated from the dinner-hour that day. Mike was walking to the house with Psmith. Psmith was a little ruffled on account of a slight passage-of-arms he had had with his form-master during morning school.

"'There's a P before the Smith,' I said to him. 'Ah, P. Smith, I see,' replied the goat. 'Not Peasmith,' I replied, exercising wonderful self-restraint, 'just Psmith.' It took me ten minutes to drive the thing into the man's head; and when I had driven it in, he sent me out of the room for looking at him through my eye-glass. Comrade Jackson, I fear me we have fallen among bad men. I suspect that we are going to be much persecuted by scoundrels."

"Both you chaps play cricket, I suppose?"

They turned. It was Adair. Seeing him face to face, Mike was aware of a pair of very bright blue eyes and a square jaw. In any other place and mood he would have liked Adair at sight. His prejudice, however, against all things Sedleighan was too much for him.

"I don't," he said shortly.

"Haven't you ever played?"

"My little sister and I sometimes play with a soft ball at home."

Adair looked sharply at him. A temper was evidently one of his numerous qualities.

"Oh," he said. "Well, perhaps you wouldn't mind turning out this afternoon and seeing what you can do with a hard ball—if you can manage without your little sister."

"I should think the form at this place would be about on a level with hers. But I don't happen to be playing cricket, as I think I told you."

Adair's jaw grew squarer than ever. Mike was wearing a gloomy scowl.

Psmith joined suavely in the dialogue.

"My dear old comrades," he said, "don't let us brawl over this matter. This is a time for the honeyed word, the kindly eye, and the pleasant smile. Let me explain

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206 to Comrade Adair. Speaking for Comrade Jackson and myself, we should both be delighted to join in the mimic warfare of our National Game, as you suggest, only the fact is, we happen to be the Young Archæologists. We gave in our names last night. When you are being carried back to the pavilion after your century against Loamshire—do you play Loamshire?—we shall be grubbing in the hard ground for ruined abbeys. The old choice between Pleasure and Duty, Comrade Adair. A Boy's Cross-Roads."

"Then you won't play?"

"No," said Mike.

"Archæology," said Psmith; with a deprecatory wave of the hand, "will brook no divided allegiance from her devotees."

Adair turned, and walked on.

Scarcely had he gone, when another voice hailed them with precisely the same question.

"Both you fellows are going to play cricket, eh?"

It was a master. A short, wiry little man with a sharp nose and a general resemblance, both in manner and appearance, to an excitable bullfinch.

"I saw Adair speaking to you. I suppose you will both play. I like every new boy to begin at once. The more new blood we have, the better. We want keenness here. We are, above all, a keen school. I want every boy to be keen."

"We are, sir," said Psmith, with fervour.

"Excellent."

"On archæology."

Mr. Downing—for it was no less a celebrity—started, as one who perceives a loathly caterpillar in his salad.

"Archæology!"

"We gave in our names to Mr. Outwood last night, sir. Archæology is a passion with us, sir. When we heard that there was a society here, we went singing about the house."

"I call it an unnatural pursuit for boys," said Mr. Downing vehemently. "I don't like it. I tell you I

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Rh don't like it. It is not for me to interfere with one of my colleagues on the staff, but I tell you frankly that in my opinion it is an abominable waste of time for a boy. It gets him into idle, loafing habits."

"I never loaf, sir," said Psmith.

"I was not alluding to you in particular. I was referring to the principle of the thing. A boy ought to be playing cricket with other boys, not wandering at large about the country, probably smoking and going into low public-houses."

"A very wild lot, sir, I fear, the Archæological Society here," sighed Psmith, shaking his head.

"If you choose to waste your time, I suppose I can't hinder you. But in my opinion it is foolery, nothing else."

He stumped off.

"Now he's cross," said Psmith, looking after him. "I'm afraid we're getting ourselves disliked here."

"Good job, too."

"At any rate, Comrade Outwood loves us. Let's go on and see what sort of a lunch that large-hearted fossil-fancier is going to give us."

was more than one moment during the first fortnight of term when Mike found himself regretting the attitude he had imposed upon himself with regard to Sedleighan cricket. He began to realise the eternal truth of the proverb about half a loaf and no bread. In the first flush of his resentment against his new surroundings he had refused to play cricket. And now he positively ached for a game. Any sort of a game. An innings for a Kindergarten v. the Second Eleven of a Home of Rest for Centenarians would have soothed him. There were times, when the sun shone, and he caught sight of white flannels on a green ground, and heard the "plonk" of bat striking ball, when he felt

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text: Translation:Thammasat University Act (No. 3), 2499 BE


text: Index:Essays on the active powers of the human mind; An inquiry into the human mind on the principles of common sense; and An essay on quantity.djvu


text:
Category:Thammasat University Act, BE 2531 (1988)

th:หมวดหมู่:พระราชบัญญัติมหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์ พ.ศ. ๒๕๓๑


text: Translation:Thammasat University Act, 2531 BE


text: Translation:Thammasat University Act (No. 2), 2541 BE


text: Category:Thammasat University

title: Category:Thammasat University


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Rh


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Sec. 1. What quantity is Sec. 2. Of proper and improper quantity Sec. 3. Corollary 1 Sec. 4. Corollary 2 Sec. 5. Corollary 3 Sec. 6. Of the Newtonian measure of force Sec. 7. Of the Leibnitzian measure of force Sec. 8. Reflections on this controversy

Sec. 1. What quantity is.
mathematical demonstration is thought to carry a peculiar evidence along with it, which leaves no room for further dispute, it may be of some use, or entertainment at least, to inquire to what subjects this kind of proof may be applied. Mathematics contain properly the doctrine of measure; and the object of this science is commonly said to be quantity; therefore quantity ought to be defined, what may be measured. Those who have defined quantity to be whatever is capable of more or less, have given too wide a notion of it, which, I apprehend, has led some persons to apply mathematical reasoning to subjects that do not admit of it.

Pain and pleasure admit of various degrees, but who can pretend to measure them? Had this been possible, it is not to be doubted but we should have had as distinct names for their various degrees as we have for measures of length or capacity; and a patient should have been able to describe the quantity of his pain, as well as the time it began, or the part it affected. To talk intelligibly of the quantity of pain, we should have some standard to measure it by; some known degree of it, so well ascertained, that all men, when they talked of it, should mean the same thing; we should also be able to compare other degrees of pain with this, so as to perceive distinctly, not only whether they exceed or fall short of it, but how far, or in what proportion,—whether by a half, a fifth, or a tenth.

Whatever has quantity, or is measurable, must be made up of parts, which bear proportion to one another and to the whole; so that it may be increased by addition of like parts, and dimin-


text:
Talk:The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Harcus, William

Actual death was 10 August 1876
Aged 53. See 'Harcus, William (1823–1876)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/harcus-william-3711/text5823, accessed 25 October 2012.

Also http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/43003170 — "THE LATE MR. W. HARCUS, J.P. ", South Australian Register, Thursday September 7, 1876.


text: An Essay on Quantity

title: An Essay on Quantity


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Page:Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties between States and International Organizations or Between International Organizations (1986).djvu/21

 fulfil any obligation embodied in the treaty to which that State or that organization would be subject under international law independently of the treaty.

1. A right of a party, provided for in a treaty or arising under article 56, to denounce, withdraw from or suspend the operation of the treaty may be exercised only with respect to the whole treaty unless the treaty otherwise provides or the parties otherwise agree.

2. A ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty recognized in the present Convention may be invoked only with respect to the whole treaty except as provided in the following paragraphs or in article 60.

3. If the ground relates solely to particular clauses, it may be invoked only with respect to those clauses where:

(a) the said clauses are separable from the remainder of the treaty with regard to their application;

(b) it appears from the treaty or is otherwise established that acceptance of those clauses was not an essential basis of the consent of the other party or parties to be bound by the treaty as a whole; and

(c) continued performance of the remainder of the treaty would not be unjust.

4. In cases falling under articles 49 and 50, the State or international organization entitled to invoke the fraud or corruption may do so with respect either to the whole treaty or, subject to paragraph 3, to the particular clauses alone.

5. In cases falling under articles 51, 52 and 53, no separation of the provisions of the treaty is permitted.

1. A State may no longer invoke a ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty under articles 46 to 50 or articles 60 and 62 if, after becoming aware of the facts:

(a) it shall have expressly agreed that the treaty is valid or remains in force or continues in operation, as the case may be; or

(b) it must by reason of its conduct be considered as having acquiesced in the validity of the treaty or in its maintenance in force or in operation, as the case may be.


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2. An international organization may no longer invoke a ground for invalidating, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty under articles 46 to 50 or articles 60 and 62 if, after becoming aware of the facts:

(a) it shall have expressly agreed that the treaty is valid or remains in force or continues in operation, as the case may be; or

(b) it must by reason of the conduct of the competent organ be considered as having renounced the right to invoke that ground.

1. A State may not invoke the fact that its consent to be bound by a treaty has been expressed in violation of a provision of its internal law regarding competence to conclude treaties as invalidating its consent unless that violation was manifest and concerned a rule of its internal law of fundamental importance.

2. An international organization may not invoke the fact that its consent to be bound by a treaty has been expressed in violation of the rules of the organization regarding competence to conclude treaties as invalidating its consent unless that violation was manifest and concerned a rule of fundamental importance.

3. A violation is manifest if it would be objectively evident to any State or any international organization conducting itself in the matter in accordance with the normal practice of States and, where appropriate, of international organizations and in good faith.

If the authority of a representative to express the consent of a State or of an international organization to be bound by a particular treaty has been made subject to a specific restriction, his omission to observe that restriction may not be invoked as invalidating the consent expressed by him unless the restriction was notified to the negotiating States and negotiating organizations prior to his expressing such consent.

1. A State or an international organization may invoke an error in a treaty as invalidating its consent to be bound by the treaty if the error relates to a fact or situation which was assumed by that


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 State or that organization to exist at the time when the treaty was concluded and formed an essential basis of the consent of that State or that organization to be bound by the treaty.

2. Paragraph 1 shall not apply if the State or international organization in question contributed by its own conduct to the error or if the circumstances were such as to put that State or that organization on notice of a possible error.

3. An error relating only to the wording of the text of a treaty does not affect its validity; article 80 then applies.

A State or an international organization induced to conclude a treaty by the fraudulent conduct of a negotiating State or a negotiating organization may invoke the fraud as invalidating its consent to be bound by the treaty.

A State or an international organization the expression of whose consent to be bound by a treaty has been procured through the corruption of its representative directly or indirectly by a negotiating State or a negotiating organization may invoke such corruption as invalidating its consent to be bound by the treaty.

The expression by a State or an international organization of consent to be bound by a treaty which has been procured by the coercion of the representative of that State or that organization through acts or threats directed against him shall be without any legal effect.

A treaty is void if its conclusion has been procured by the threat or use of force in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Chatter of the United Nations.

A treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion, it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law. For the purposes of the present Convention, a peremptory norm of general


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27 string: "Many shall run to and fro, and knowledge shall be increased." Slavery is an insurmountable barrier to the increase of knowledge in every community where it exists; slavery, then, must be abolished before this prediction can be fulfiledfulfilled [sic]. The last chord I shall touch, will be this, "They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy mountain."

Slavery, then, must be overthrown before the prophecies can be accomplished, but how are they to be fulfiledfulfilled [sic]? Will the wheels of the millennial car be rolled onward by miraculous power? No! God designs to confer this holy privilege upon man; it is through his instrumentality that the great and glorious work of reforming the world is to be done. And see you not how the mighty engine of moral power is dragging in its rear the Bible and peace societies, anti-slavery and temperance, sabbath schools, moral reform, and missions? or to adopt another figure, do not these seven philanthropic associations compose the beautiful tints in that bow of promise which spans the arch of our moral heaven? Who does not believe, that if these societies were broken up, their constitutions burnt, and the vast machinery with which they are laboring to regenerate mankind was stopped, that the black clouds of vengeance would soon burst over our world, and every city would witness the fate of the devoted cities of the plain? Each one of these societies is walking abroad through the earth scattering the seeds of truth over the wide field of our world, not with the hundred hands of a Briareus, but with a hundred thousand.

Another encouragement for you to labor, my friends, is, that you will have the prayers and co-operation of English and Northern philanthropists. You will never bend your knees in supplication at the throne of grace for the overthrow of slavery, without meeting there the spirits of other Christians, who will mingle their voices with yours, as the morning or evening sacrifice ascends to God. Yes, the spirit of prayer and of supplication has been poured out upon many, many hearts; there are wrestling Jacobs who will not let go of the prophetic promises of deliverance for the captive, and the opening of prison doors to them that are bound. There are Pauls who are saying, in reference to this subject, "Lord, what wilt thou have me to do?" There are Marys sitting in the house now, who are ready to arise and go forth in this work as soon as the message is brought, "the master is come and calleth for thee." And there are Marthas, too, who have already gone out to meet Jesus, as he bends his footsteps to their brother's grave, and weeps, not over the lifeless body of Lazarus bound hand and foot in grave-clothes, but over the politically and intellectually lifeless slave, bound hand and foot in the iron chains of oppression and ignorance. Some may be ready to say, as Martha did, who seemed to expect nothing but sympathy from Jesus, "Lord, by this time he stinketh, for he hath been dead four days." She thought it useless to remove the stone and expose the loathsome body of her brother; she could not believe that so great a miracle could be wrought, as to raise that putrefied body into life; but "Jesus said, take ye away the


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44 "To live—what is it? save with savage use

To slay the beast, and drink the battle-rage?

To strike with Nature compact the most foul,

And bloody league? or at the veins of gold

To suck, the vampire of the commonwealth,

Deal indirectly, safer than sword-play,

Do murder in a mask? and wherefore, wherefore?

To see the sun and moon and stars go round?

Nay, lust, ambition, avarice set aside,

The world put underfoot, what hope remains

To graft on Nature true nobility?

Nature refining still destroys herself;

Briefer the date, more frail the tenure is,

In that same measure as the soul ascends;

And death and madness crown the climax up;

But the coarse multitude she floods with power

To break the wise, to crucify the good,

And to the block bring true nobility;

And souls that will not commerce with her force

Are from the juices of our life cut off;

Cut at the root is true nobility;

Or if, though rare, it puts forth its green shoot

And glorifies the soul in which it grows,

And opes love's passion, deepening bloom in bloom,—

Divine desires innumerably born,


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Rh Insatiate, incessant, mystical,

From uncreated beauty procreant,

As in the inexhaustible far East

The eternal Daybreak from her rosy orb

Millions of mornings casts—O Ecstasy,

Lead me no more that way where reason faints,

Forever lost in visionary things!"

The white melodic motions of his throat

With rounding throbs of pain convulsing shook,

And down the dark head dropped with sighings low;

Then such a look he flung upon high heaven

As seemed to pluck his soul forth at his eyes;

And the heart heard him ere his quick lips moved:

"O Love divine, thou art our misery!

Our mortal make bears not the joy supreme

Save for an instant. Go, poor lonely fool,

Thy taste of heaven hath made a famine here

No sun of earth shall e'er replenish more!

Go, house henceforth with his less happy lot,

Not rare, whose true nobility was made

The snare to trap him; now strike hands with him

Whose high-wrought passion met the unguided blow

Of fatal circumstance, and warped aside


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46 To make love do the bitter work of hate!

And shall we for the chance of temporal bliss,

The one in thousands, for some trivial thing,

Submit the conscious spirit to the shame,

Or cheat life's blossom of its bitter fruit,

And dying find the near way to the grave?

Eternal Vengeance! Who that hath a soul,

The match of knowledge, would not break the bond,

The base, base thraldom? who would tame his will,

That from heaven's justice takes its liberty,

To do the lecherous and bloody act

Of natural being? who would game and lie,

And shrink into a cruel selfish heart,

To lord it o'er this serf-society?

Great souls might conquer pain; loss nor mischance

Can touch their essence; but 't is evil fixed

In the creative root and lift of all

The massive constitution of the world

That bankrupts hope; and who that lives escapes?

God's pity! when obedience makes us slaves,

Rebellion is the badge of loyalty!

To keep free souls is true nobility.

Unburden, breath, and thou, fine frame, unlock!"


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Rh He struck his breast, and woke amazed, and looked

On the lone Roamer and the quiet stars.

But, soon recovered, wondering he spoke,

And gentle was his mien though hard his speech,

And eased with pity fell the words, half scorn:

"Deignest thou yet to wear the bloody doom,

That manacled in flesh thou comest here?

Strip off, strip off, and let the soul go free!"

The rich tones, haunted with unmating love,

Ceased; nearer now, o'er-bent, the fair young face,

As in clairvoyant Aprils of the boy,

With sudden wistful changes softening,

Sweetened with such a look as lights all years,

When soul on soul pours intimate its might,

And well the Roamer knew that great appeal.

O love-starved heart, how gnawed thy hunger then!

Fain was he to embrace him, found at last;

He would have sprung, and fallen upon his youth,

Breast upon breast, and head to head laid close,

So was he inly moved with sudden trust;

But in his soul he stayed, nor tore life's veil

Between them, answering, "Nature's mould I wear,

Nor yet of her dear motherhood bereft."


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48 That other's eyes filled their blue deeps with fire,

And fair the spirit floated in his face

Brightly upraised; there life's mysterious throe

On every feature set its delicate seal.

"Her child!" with echoing lips, he seemed to say;

"Dear motherhood!" he sighed, half-heard; and, rapt,

Thought gathered in him from the speechless deeps;

Then broke the sounding wave: "O mother-might!

O passion of the child-heart streaming back

Upon the breasts of being! O first sweet throb,

When from the ocean-filling horn of morn,

And from the porphyry-clouded font of eve,

God poured on me the rose and amber light

Baptismal, and my soul's awakening was,

And all my boyhood was one altar-watch!

And when beneath the starry roof of years

My soul caught glimpses of this glowing frame,

This rock-ribbed base of earth, this broad-flung sky,

This seamless air, the realm and throne of light,

This blossoming pave inlaid with azure seas,

This carve of riven-cloven continents,

This fret of rainbows and the wingèd winds,


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Rh This blaze of stars, this infinite fair world,

The express will of God, the mould of law,

Passion welled in me, and hope wonderful

As heaven's leading to its own elect,

To know, to know, to know, only to know!

And knowledge came to me that comes to all

Ere manly years." Again he found the world,

And seemed as one who masters in himself

Pity for others and his own despair.

Then by that sudden sympathy compelled,

They drew, together, o'er the softened pine:

"Yes, knowledge comes; and joy it is at first

To be the confidant of Nature's heart,

To steal her memory, live her ages o'er;

Nor less than god-like shall he seem whose eye

Through Time's dark telescope doth stand at gaze

With light's first motions in the silenced prime;

He ranges the abyss, and home returns,

Nor from his instant moves,—without amaze,

Eternity shrunk to an hour of thought.

Hast thou not seen it, as 't were yester morn

And o'er thy father's fields that light went forth?

The kindle of the unforeseeing deep,

The sparkle of the multitudinous fire,

The glow and gather of the isles of flame,


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50 Clusters along the measureless dim stream,

Star-budding power, whose infinite of light

Shall break and burst, snowing the million spheres,

White galaxies and rosy-girdled globes,

Firm-coursing lights and tresses comet-shook,

And planetary orbs whose sheathèd fires

The rock encrusts—the early firmament,

Sun, moon and stars; and now red morning shouts

Ethereal welcome to the sea and land,

The green and azure continents of light,

Built for the haunt of finer mystery.

Long was the labor, and sweet life has come;

Housed in the shell, scarfed with the serpent's skin,

It drifts upon the sea, it crawls the ooze;

It casts its films on slime and shale and sand;

It rises up—O miracle of change!

He comes, he comes, the spirit-visioned One,

The child of promise, earth's dear heavenly charge,

The heir of all that was, the prophecy

Of all that shall be, man, the crown of things.

Take him, O Nature, flower and seed divine!

With fragrant seasons harbor him, O Earth!

Bright heaven, with lucid balms his eyelids bathe!

Thou vital air, sustain him! our rich hope,

Our bliss on earth, our immortality

In heaven!-Mockery! mockery! look you there!—


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Rh O what a sight to blast an angel's eyes

It was! the den and lair of the red strife,

The slaughter gaping from ten thousand wounds,

While like a monster on the gory floor

Life sits and gorges, half-alive, half-dead,

On its own entrails slaking its fierce lust!

There is his hostelry and mortal lodge;

There must he sleep, and there must dream and wake,

And knead his being of the crimson spume.

Cursèd he was before he saw the sun.

'Thy life is murder,' Nature shrieks to him;

'O born of carnage and to havoc doomed,

My child thou art,' she cries, 'my prey to be;

Thy blood pollution is, thy breath decay;

Thee, too, my brute necessity compels;

Harken my wisdom, o'er all time that was,

As on the gates of life, my legend graved,

Thy body its incarnate victory:

Red is the eagle's claw, the lion's fang;

Red is thy father's sword, thy foeman's spear;

Kill, eat and die, for this my empire is.'

He heard; and sorrow with immortal birth,

First sorrow, cleft his brain; within him seethed

The working of old time and heavy fate,

Growing imbruted to the thing he is;


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(b) at any time by consent of all the parties after consultation with the contracting States and contracting organizations.

1. Two or more parties to a multilateral treaty may conclude an agreement to suspend the operation of provisions of the treaty, temporarily and as between themselves alone, if:

(a) the possibility of such a suspension is provided for by the treaty; or

(b) the suspension in question is not prohibited by the treaty and: (i) does not affect the enjoyment by the other parties of their rights under the treaty or the performance of their obligations;

(ii) is not incompatible with the object and purpose of the treaty.

2. Unless in a case falling under paragraph 1 (a) the treaty otherwise provides, the parties in question shall notify the other parties of their intention to conclude the agreement and of those provisions of the treaty the operation of which they intend to suspend.

1. A treaty shall be considered as terminated if all the parties to it conclude a later treaty relating to the same subject matter and:

(a) it appears from the later treaty or is otherwise established that the parties intended that the matter should be governed by that treaty; or

(b) the provisions of the later treaty are so far incompatible with those of the earlier one that the two treaties are not capable of being applied at the same time.

2. The earlier treaty shall be considered as only suspended in operation if it appears from the later treaty or is otherwise established that such was the intention of the parties.

1. A material breach of a bilateral treaty by one of the parties entitles the other to invoke the breach as a ground for terminating the treaty or suspending its operation in whole or in part.

2. A material breach of a multilateral treaty by one of the parties entitles:


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(a) the other parties by unanimous agreement to suspend the operation of the treaty in whole or in part or to terminate it either: (i) in the relations between themselves and the defaulting State or international organization; or

(ii) as between all the parties;

(b) a party specially affected by the breach to invoke it as a ground for suspending the operation of the treaty in whole or in part in the relations between itself and the defaulting State or international organization;

(c) any party other than the defaulting State or international organization to invoke the breach as a ground for suspending the operation of the treaty in whole or in part with respect to itself if the treaty is of such a character that a material breach of its provisions by one party radically changes the position of every party with respect to the further performance of its obligations under the treaty.

3. A material breach of a treaty, for the purposes of this article, consists in:

(a) a repudiation of the treaty not sanctioned by the present Convention; or

(b) the violation of a provision essential to the accomplishment of the object or purpose of the treaty.

4. The foregoing paragraphs are without prejudice to any provision in the treaty applicable in the event of a breach.

5.Paragraphs 1 to 3 do not apply to provisions relating to the protection of the human person contained in treaties of a humanitarian character, in particular to provisions prohibiting any form of reprisals against persons protected by such treaties.

1. A party may invoke the impossibility of performing a treaty as a ground for terminating or withdrawing from it if the impossibility results from the permanent disappearance or destruction of an object indispensable for the execution of the treaty. If the impossibility is temporary, it may be invoked only as a ground for suspending the operation of the treaty.

2. Impossibility of performance may not be invoked by a party as a ground for terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty if the impossibility is the result of a breach by that party either of an obligation under the treaty or of any other international obligation owed to any other party to the treaty.


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FIFTH

1. "There is a town with eleven gates belonging to the Unborn (Brahman), whose thoughts are never crooked. He who approaches it, grieves no more, and liberated (from all bonds of ignorance) becomes free. This is that. 2. He (Brahman) is the swan (sun), dwelling in the bright heaven; he is the Vasu (air), dwelling in the sky; he is the sacrificer (fire), dwelling on the hearth; he is the guest (Soma), dwelling in the sacrificial jar; he dwells in men, in gods (vara), in the sacrifice (rita), in heaven; he is born in the water, on earth, in the sacrifice (rita), on the mountains; he is the True and the Great. 3. He (Brahman) it is who sends up the breath (prâna), and who throws back the breath (apâna). All the Devas (senses) worship him, the adorable (or the dwarf), who sits in the centre. 4. When that incorporated (Brahman), who dwells in the body, is torn away and freed from the body, what remains then? This is that. 5. No mortal lives by the breath that goes up and by the breath that goes down. We live by another, in whom these two repose. 6. Well then, O Gautama, I shall tell thee this mystery, the old Brahman, and what happens to the Self, after reaching death.


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1. A fundamental change of circumstances which has occurred with regard to those existing at the time of the conclusion of a treaty, and which was not foreseen by the parties, may not be invoked as a ground for terminating or withdrawing from the treaty unless:

(a) the existence of those circumstances constituted an essential basis of the consent of the parties to be bound by the treaty; and

(b) the effect of the change is radically to transform the extent of obligations still to be performed under the treaty.

2. A fundamental change of circumstances may not be invoked as a ground for terminating or withdrawing from a treaty between two or more States and one or more international organizations if the treaty establishes a boundary.

3. A fundamental change of circumstances may not be invoked as a ground for terminating or withdrawing from a treaty if the fundamental change is the result of a breach by the party invoking it either of an obligation under the treaty or of any other international obligation owed to any other party to the treaty.

4. If, under the foregoing paragraphs, a party may invoke a fundamental change of circumstances as a ground for terminating or withdrawing from a treaty it may also invoke the change as a ground for suspending the operation of the treaty.

The severance of diplomatic or consular relations between States Parties to a treaty between two or more States and one or more international organizations does not affect the legal relations established between those States by the treaty except insofar as the existence of diplomatic or consular relations is indispensable for the application of the treaty.

If a new peremptory norm of general international law emerges, any existing treaty which is in conflict with that norm becomes void and terminates.


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1. A party which, under the provisions of the present Convention, invokes either a defect in its consent to be bound by a treaty or a ground for impeaching the validity of a treaty, terminating it, withdrawing from it or suspending its operation, must notify the other parties of its claim. The notification shall indicate the measure proposed to be taken with respect to the treaty and the reasons therefor.

2. If, after the expiry of a period which, except in cases of special urgency, shall not be less than three months after the receipt of the notification, no party has raised any objection, the party making the notification may carry out in the manner provided in article 67 the measure which it has proposed.

3. If, however, objection has been raised by any other party, the parties shall seek a solution through the means indicated in Article 33 of the Charter of the United Nations.

4. The notification or objection made by an international organization shall be governed by the rules of that organization. 5.Nothing in the foregoing paragraphs shall affect the rights or obligations of the parties under any provisions in force binding the parties with regard to the settlement of disputes.

6. Without prejudice to article 45, the fact that a State or an international organization has not previously made the notification prescribed in paragraph 1 shall not prevent it from making such notification in answer to another party claiming performance of the treaty or alleging its violation.

1. If, under paragraph 3 of article 65, no solution has been reached within a period of twelve months following the date on which the objection was raised, the procedures specified in the following paragraphs shall be followed.

2. With respect to a dispute concerning the application or the interpretation of article 53 or 64:

(a) if a State is a party to the dispute with one or more States, it may, by a written application, submit the dispute to the International Court of Justice for a decision;

(b) if a State is a party to the dispute to which one or more international organizations are parties, the State may, through a Member State of the United Nations if necessary, request the General Assembly or the Security Council or, where appropriate, the competent organ of an international organization which is a party to the dispute and is authorized in accordance with Article 96 of the Charter of the United Nations, to request an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice in accordance with Article 65 of the Statute of the Court;


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(c) if the United Nations or an international organization that is authorized in accordance with Article 96 of the Charter of the United Nations is a party to the dispute, it may request an advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice in accordance with Article 65 of the Statute of the Court;

(d) if an international organization other than those referred to in subparagraph (c) is a party to the dispute, it may, through a Member State of the United Nations, follow the procedure specified in subparagraph (b);

(e) the advisory opinion given pursuant to subparagraph (b), (c) or (d) shall be accepted as decisive by all the parties to the dispute concerned;

(f) if the request under subparagraph (b), (c) or (d) for an advisory opinion of the Court is not granted, any one of the parties to the dispute may, by written notification to the other party or parties, submit it to arbitration in accordance with the provisions of the Annex to the present Convention.

3.The provisions of paragraph 2 apply unless all the parties to a dispute referred to in that paragraph by common consent agree to submit the dispute to an arbitration procedure, including the one specified in the Annex to the present Convention.

4. With respect to a dispute concerning the application or the interpretation of any of the articles in Part V, other than articles 53 and 64, of the present Convention, any one of the parties to the dispute may set in motion the conciliation procedure specified in the Annex to the Convention by submitting a request to that effect to the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

1. The notification provided for under article 65, paragraph 1, must be made in writing.

2. Any act declaring invalid, terminating, withdrawing from or suspending the operation of a treaty pursuant to the provisions of the treaty or of paragraphs 2 or 3 of article 65 shall be carried out through an instrument communicated to the other parties. If the instrument emanating from a State is not signed by the Head of State, Head of Government or Minister for Foreign Affairs, the representative of the State communicating it may be called upon to produce full powers. If the instrument emanates from an international organization, the representative of the organization communicating it may be called upon to produce full powers.

A notification or instrument provided for in articles 65 or 67 may be revoked at any time before it takes effect.


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1. A treaty the invalidity of which is established under the present Convention is void. The provisions of a void treaty have no legal force.

2. If acts have nevertheless been performed in reliance on such a treaty:

(a) each party may require any other party to establish as far as possible in their mutual relations the position that would have existed if the acts had not been performed;

(b) acts performed in good faith before the invalidity was invoked are not rendered unlawful by reason only of the invalidity of the treaty.

3. In cases falling under articles 49, 50, 51 or 52, paragraph 2 does not apply with respect to the party to which the fraud, the act of corruption or the coercion is imputable.

4. In the case of the invalidity of the consent of a particular State or a particular international organization to be bound by a multilateral treaty, the foregoing rules apply in the relations between that State or that organization and the parties to the treaty.

1. Unless the treaty otherwise provides or the parties otherwise agree, the termination of a treaty under its provisions or in accordance with the present Convention:

(a) releases the parties from any obligation further to perform the treaty;

(b) does not affect any right, obligation or legal situation of the parties created through the execution of the treaty prior to its termination.

2. If a State or an international organization denounces or withdraws from a multilateral treaty, paragraph 1 applies in the relations between that State or that organization and each of the other parties to the treaty from the date when such denunciation or withdrawal takes effect.

1. In the case of a treaty which is void under article 53 the parties shall:


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 7. Some enter the womb in order to have a body, as organic beings, others go into inorganic matter, according to their work and according to their knowledge. 8. He, the highest Person, who is awake in us while we are asleep, shaping one lovely sight after another, that indeed is the Bright, that is Brahman, that alone is called the Immortal. All worlds are contained in it, and no one goes beyond. This is that. 9. As the one fire, after it has entered the world, though one, becomes different according to whatever it burns, thus the one Self within all things becomes different, according to whatever it enters, and exists also without. 10. As the one air, after it has entered the world, though one, becomes different according to whatever it enters, thus the one Self within all things becomes different, according to whatever it enters, and exists also without. 11. As the sun, the eye of the whole world, is not contaminated by the external impurities seen by the eyes, thus the one Self within all things is never contaminated by the misery of the world, being himself without. 12. There is one ruler, the Self within all things, who makes the one form manifold. The wise who perceive him within their Self, to them belongs eternal happiness, not to others. 13. There is one eternal thinker, thinking non-eternal


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 He established himself in Lincoln's Inn Fields, where his father had long resided. On 18 Aug. 1783 he married Hester, only daughter of William Henry Lyttelton, lord Westcote (afterwards created Lord Lyttelton). Hoare lost his wife on 22 Aug. 1785. To alleviate his grief he resolved to travel. In September 1785 he left England, passed through France and Italy to Naples, and, after exploring the classic ground in the vicinity of that city and Rome, returned by Genoa to the south of France. He then visited Switzerland, afterwards made an excursion to Barcelona, went a second time to Rome, and returned to England in July 1787. In that year he succeeded his father in the baronetcy.

In 1788 Hoare left England a second time. After passing through Holland, the Austrian Netherlands, Hanover, Prussia, Saxony, and Bohemia, he arrived at Vienna the same autumn. Thence he proceeded to Trieste, examining the most interesting objects on the coast of the Adriatic. He devoted a considerable time to the exploration of Rome and Naples and their vicinity, visited Sicily, Malta and Gozo, Capri, Ischia and Elba, and returning through the Tyrol reached England in August 1791. In the course of these tours he filled a portfolio with drawings of the most interesting objects seen, and described them in print ‘for the gratification of his family and friends.’ When the French revolutionary wars put a stop to continental travel, he made a tour, for artistic and archæological purposes, through Wales, taking Giraldus Cambrensis as a guide, and following him through his ‘Iter laboriosum.’ Soon afterwards he made the tour of Monmouthshire with Archdeacon Coxe, and contributed sixty-three drawings to his friend's description of that county published in 1801. In 1807 he visited Ireland.

Hoare next devoted himself, with extraordinary zeal, to the illustration of the history and antiquities of his own county, and produced the ‘Ancient History of North and South Wiltshire,’ 2 vols. London, 1812–21, with 97 plates. Small-paper copies were published at 21l. and large paper copies at 31l. 10s. The first volume of this splendid work is confined to South Wiltshire and to British antiquities, and includes several plans and elevations of Stonhenge. Of the second volume, which commences with North Wiltshire, part i. is confined to the British era, and a full account is given of the wonderful circle of Abury. Part ii. of the second volume is allotted to the Roman period, and an accurate survey is taken of all the Roman roads and tesselated pavements in the county. He chronicled the position and contents of hundreds of barrows among the Wiltshire hills, which he had explored with the assistance of William Cunnington [q. v.]

Hoare, who was a fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries, suffered greatly from rheumatic gout in the latter part of his life, and was deaf for some years. He continued, however, his antiquarian pursuits and the improvement of his picturesque demesne at Stourhead, where he died on 19 May 1838. His remains were deposited in a mausoleum in Stourton churchyard. A cenotaph from the chisel of R. C. Lucas has been erected to his memory in the north transept of Salisbury Cathedral.

In consequence of the death of his son, Henry Richard, on 19 Sept. 1836, the baronetcy devolved on his eldest half-brother, Henry Hugh Hoare, of Wavendon, Buckinghamshire, the head of the banking-house in Fleet Street. In 1825 Hoare presented to the British Museum a collection of books on the history and topography of Italy, of which he printed a catalogue in 1812.

The ‘History of Modern Wiltshire,’ which was left unfinished at the time of Hoare's death, now consists of fourteen parts, usually bound in six vols., 1822–44, folio, published at the price of 42l. It deals only with the southern portion of the county. In this branch of the work Hoare was associated with the Rev. John Offer and other coadjutors, including Lord Arundell, Richard Harris, Henry Wansey, Charles Bowles, William Henry Black, George Matcham, LL.D., and Henry Hatcher.

He wrote many works, most of which were printed for private circulation only, in addition to those already mentioned. The principal are: 1. ‘Description of the House and Gardens at Stourhead, Wiltshire, with a Catalogue of the Pictures,’ Salisbury, 1800, 12mo. 2. ‘Itinerarium Cambriæ, seu laboriosæ Baldvini Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi per Walliam Legationis accurata Descriptio, auctore Silv. Giraldo Cambrense. Cum Annotationibus Davidis Poweli, S. T. P.,’ London, 1804. 3. ‘The Itinerary of Archbishop Baldwin through Wales, A.D. 1188, by Giraldus de Barri, translated into English, and illustrated with Views, Annotations, and a Life of Giraldus,’ 2 vols., London, 1806, 4to. A few separate copies of a portion of the second volume were reprinted under the title of ‘The Progress of Architecture from the time of William the Conqueror to the sixteenth century; illustrated by designs selected from examples in South Wales’ [by John Carter, F.S.A.] A new edition of this tract was printed for sale in 1830. 4. ‘Journal of a


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(a) eliminate as far as possible the consequences of any act performed in reliance on any provision which conflicts with the peremptory norm of general international law; and

(b) bring their mutual relations into conformity with the peremptory norm of general international law.

2. In the case of a treaty which becomes void and terminates under article 64, the termination of the treaty:

(a) releases the parties from any obligation further to perform the treaty;

(b) does not affect any right, obligation or legal situation of the parties created through the execution of the treaty prior to its termination; provided that those rights, obligations or situations may thereafter be maintained only to the extent that their maintenance is not in itself in conflict with the new peremptory norm of general international law.

1. Unless the treaty otherwise provides or the parties otherwise agree, the suspension of the operation of a treaty under its provisions or in accordance with the present Convention:

(a) releases the parties between which the operation of the treaty is suspended from the obligation to perform the treaty in their mutual relations during the period of the suspension;

(b) does not otherwise affect the legal relations between the parties established by the treaty.

2.During the period of the suspension the parties shall refrain from acts tending to obstruct the resumption of the operation of the treaty.

As between States Parties to the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969, the relations of those States under a treaty between two or more States and one or more international organizations shall be governed by that Convention.

1. The provisions of the present Convention shall not prejudge any question that may arise in regard to a treaty between one or more States and one or more international organizations from a


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 Tour in Ireland, A.D. 1806,’ London, 1807, 8vo. A tour of interest to the general reader, as well as to the antiquary. 5. ‘A Tour through the Isle of Elba. Illustrated by Views of the most interesting Scenery, drawn from Nature, by Sir R. C. Hoare and John Smith,’ London, 1814, 4to. 6. ‘Hints to Travellers in Italy,’ London, 1815, 12mo. 7. ‘A Catalogue of Books relating to the History and Topography of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland … at Stourhead in Wiltshire,’ London, 1815, 8vo. 8. ‘Journal of the Shrievalty of Richard Hoare, esq. [sheriff of London and Middlesex], in 1740–1, printed from a manuscript in his own handwriting,’ Bath, 1815, 4to. 9. ‘Recollections Abroad; Journals of Tours on the Continent between 1785 and 1791,’ 4 vols., Bath, 1817, 8vo. 10. ‘A Classical Tour through Italy and Sicily, tending to illustrate some Districts which have not been described by Mr. Eustace in his Classical Tour,’ London, 1819, 4to; 2 vols., London, 1819, 8vo. 11. ‘Pedigrees and Memoirs of the Families of Hore, of Rishford, com. Devon; Hoare, of Walton, com. Bucks; Hoare, of London, com. Middlesex; Hoare, of Mitcham, com. Surrey; Hoare, of Stourton, com. Wilts; Hoare, of Barn-Elms, com. Surrey; Hoare, of Boreham, com. Essex,’ 1819, 4to, with nine portraits. 12. ‘Monasticon Wiltunense: containing a List of the Religious Houses in North and South Wiltshire; compiled chiefly from Bishop Tanner's Notitia Monastica,’ Shaftesbury, 1821, fol. 13. ‘Hungerfordiana; or, Memoirs of the Family of Hungerford,’ 1823, 8vo. 14. ‘Monastic Remains of the Religious Houses at Witham, Bruton, and Stavordale, com. Somerset,’ Frome, 1824, 4to. 15. ‘Registrum Wiltunense, Saxonicum et Latinum, in Museo Britannico asservatum, ab anno Regis Alfredi 892, ad annum regis Edwardi 1045. Nunc demum notis illustraverunt J. Ingram, S.A.S., Sharon Turner, S.A.S., T. D. Fosbroke, S.A.S., Thomas Phillipps, Bart., S.A.S., Richard Colt Hoare,Bart., S.A.S. Sumptibus R. C. Hoare. Typis Nicholsianis, 100 exemplaria impressa,’ London, 1827, fol. 16. ‘Treatise on the antient Roman Town of Camulodunum, now Colchester, in Essex,’ Shaftesbury, 1827, 8vo. In answer to the Rev. John Skinner, who fixed that Roman station at Camerton, Somersetshire. 17. ‘Tumuli Wiltunenses; a Guide to the Barrows on the Plains of Stonehenge,’ Shaftesbury, 1829, 8vo. 18. ‘The Pitney Pavements, discovered by Samuel Hasell, esq., of Littleton, A.D. 1828, and illustrated, with his Notes, by Sir R. C. Hoare,’ Frome, 1831, 8vo, reprinted for sale in 1832. 19. ‘Catalogue of the Hoare Library at Stourhead, co. Wilts. To which are added, An Account of the Museum of British Antiquities, a Catalogue of the Paintings and Drawings, and a Description of the Mansion,’ London, 1840, 8vo, pp. 780. Privately printed. Edited by J. B. Nichols. At pp. 543, 544 is an account of the numerous large drawings made by Hoare on the continent. They number in all about nine hundred drawings either by his own hands or copied by superior artists from his sketches, and they are wonderful proof of his taste and perseverance. The ‘Chronicon Vilodunense: sive de Vitâ et Miraculis Sanctæ Edithæ Regis Edgari filiæ carmen vetus Anglicum’ was first published and edited by William Henry Black [q. v.] at Hoare's expense, London, 1830, fol. One hundred copies printed.

An engraving by H. Meyer of his portrait, painted by H. Edridge, A.R.A., is in the ‘Pedigrees of the Families of Hoare,’ and in vol. i. of the ‘History of Modern Wiltshire.’

HOARE, WILLIAM (1707?–1792), known as ‘Hoare of Bath,’ portrait-painter, was born, according to his son's account, about 1707 at Eye in Suffolk, but more probably, as his name does not occur in the church register of that place, in some neighbouring parish. His father was a prosperous farmer, and he received an excellent education at a school of some repute at Faringdon in Berkshire, where he developed so great a talent for drawing that he was allowed to adopt art as a profession. He was placed under Grisoni, an Italian artist then resident in London, at whose suggestion he proceeded to Rome to complete his studies. He is said to have been the first English artist who visited Rome for this purpose. There he lodged with Scheemakers the sculptor, and his pupil Delvaux, whose acquaintance he had made in England, and entered the school of Francesco Fernandi, called ‘d'Imperiali,’ an historical painter. Pompeo Batoni, with whom he formed a lifelong friendship, was his fellow-pupil. His father was ruined by the South Sea scheme, and young Hoare soon found himself thrown on his own resources. To maintain himself he made copies of famous masterpieces, which he executed skilfully,


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 and they sold readily. After a sojourn of nine years in Italy, he established himself in London, hoping to obtain employment as a painter of historical subjects, but, failing in this, he turned to portrait-painting, and met with much success. On his marriage with a Miss Barker, whose family was connected with Bath, he removed to that city, and remained there till his death. Hoare soon obtained a large and lucrative practice; for many years he was without a rival, and most of the distinguished persons who annually visited Bath sat to him; among them was the elder Pitt, who presented his portrait to Lord Temple in 1754, and wrote in high terms of the artist's powers. He seems to have been specially patronised by the members of the Pelham family, whose portraits he frequently painted. At an early period Hoare practised crayon drawing. Rosalba Carriera had made the art popular, and Hoare obtained from her two examples of her work, in order to master the technique of the method. His crayon portraits are very numerous, and perhaps more highly esteemed than his works in oil. In 1749 he made a tour through France and the Netherlands for purposes of study. Vertue mentions that he came to London in 1752 to execute some commissions, but he does not seem to have stayed long. Hoare exhibited occasionally with the Society of Artists and the Free Society, and was one of the committee of artists who made the abortive attempt to establish an academy in 1755. On the foundation of the Royal Academy in 1768, Hoare was chosen one of the original members, his diploma being the last signed by the king, and he was a frequent contributor to its exhibitions up to 1783, sending chiefly works in crayons. At Bath Hoare painted a few religious subjects. He presented a large picture of the Saviour to St. Michael's Church, and for the Octagon Chapel, built in 1767, executed an altar-piece representing the ‘Pool of Bethesda.’ These were ambitious compositions in the style of his master Imperiali, but possessed little merit. The first-named is now in the vestry of St. Michael's, the second remains ‘in situ.’ In the Bath General Hospital is a work of a different class, ‘Dr. Oliver and Mr. Pierce examining patients afflicted with paralysis, rheumatism, and leprosy,’ 1742.

Hoare was a man of scholarly tastes, and enjoyed the personal friendship of many of his eminent sitters. He was a constant visitor at Prior Park, the seat of Ralph Allen [q. v.], where he met Pope and other men of letters. He died at Bath in December 1792. In Bath Abbey is a mural tablet to Hoare's memory, with a medallion of him. He had a numerous family; one son, Prince [q. v.], was the well-known artist and dramatist, and a daughter, Mary, married Henry Hoare, brother of Sir Richard Hoare, bart., of Stourhead. Another daughter exhibited pictures with the Society of Artists and the Free Society between 1761 and 1764. He had a brother who practised as a sculptor at Bath, and executed the statue of ‘Beau’ Nash in the Pump Room.

The corporation of Bath possesses portraits by Hoare of the Earl of Chatham, Christopher Anstey, ‘Beau’ Nash (engraved for his ‘Life,’ 1762), Samuel Derrick, and Governor Pownall; in the National Portrait Gallery are those of Lord Chesterfield, the Duke of Newcastle, Henry Pelham, Lord Temple, and Pope, all in crayons, and a whole length of the Duke of Grafton in oils. His portraits are solidly painted, natural in attitude, and full of character; those in crayons are fine and harmonious in colouring; many of them have been engraved by Faber, Houston, McArdell, Dixon, and others. He etched heads of Charles, fourth duke of Beaufort, Bishop Warburton, Sir Isaac Newton, Ralph Allen, and Peter Stephens, together with Reynolds's profile portrait of the Countess Waldegrave. A portrait of Hoare, painted by his son, has been engraved by S. W. Reynolds, and he appears in Zoffany's picture of the ‘Life School of the Royal Academy,’ engraved by Earlom.

 HOARE, WILLIAM HENRY (1809–1888), divine, born on 31 Oct. 1809, was second son of William Henry Hoare (1776–1819) of Broomfield House, Battersea, Surrey, by Louisa Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Gerard Noel Noel, bart., of Exton, Rutlandshire (, Pedigree of Hore and Hoare, p. 49). He graduated B.A. in 1831 as a member of St. John's College, Cambridge, was a wrangler, obtained a first class in the classical tripos, and was bracketed with Dean Blakesley for the chancellor's medals. In 1833 he was elected fellow of his college, and proceeded M.A. in 1834. He became in 1841 curate of All Saints, Southampton, but ill-health prevented him from accepting any of the livings which were offered to him. He devoted himself to study, became a good Hebrew scholar, and took part in the Colenso controversy. Subsequently he acted for some


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 succession of States or from the international responsibility of a State or from the outbreak of hostilities between States.

2. The provisions of the present Convention shall not prejudge any question that may arise in regard to a treaty from the international responsibility of an international organization, from the termination of the existence of the organization or from the termination of participation by a State in the membership of the organization.

3. The provisions of the present Convention shall not prejudge any question that may arise in regard to the establishment of obligations and rights for States members of an international organization under a treaty to which that organization is a party.

The severance or absence of diplomatic or consular relations between two or more States does not prevent the conclusion of treaties between two or more of those States and one or more international organizations. The conclusion of such a treaty does not in itself affect the situation in regard to diplomatic or consular relations.

The provisions of the present Convention are without prejudice to any obligation in relation to a treaty between one or more States and one or more international organizations which may arise for an aggressor State in consequence of measures taken in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations with reference to that State's aggression.

1. The designation of the depositary of a treaty may be made by the negotiating States and negotiating organizations or, as the case may be, the negotiating organizations, either in the treaty itself or in some other manner. The depositary may be one or more States, an international organization or the chief administrative officer of the organization.

2. The functions of the depositary of a treaty are international in character and the depositary is under an obligation to act impartially in their performance. In particular, the fact that a treaty has not entered into force between certain of the parties or that a difference has appeared between a State or an international organization and a depositary with regard to the performance of the latter's functions shall not affect that obligation.


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1.The functions of a depositary, unless otherwise provided in the treaty or agreed by the contracting States and contracting organizations or, as the case may be, by the contracting organizations, comprise in particular:

(a) keeping custody of the original text of the treaty and of any full powers delivered to the depositary;

(b) preparing certified copies of the original text and preparing any further text of the treaty in such additional languages as may be required by the treaty and transmitting them to the parties and to the States and international organizations entitled to become parties to the treaty;

(c) receiving any signatures to the treaty and receiving and keeping custody of any instruments, notifications and communications relating to it;

(d) examining whether the signature or any instrument, notification or communication relating to the treaty is in due and proper form and, if need be, bringing the matter to the attention of the State or international organization in question;

(e) informing the parties and the States and international organizations entitled to become parties to the treaty of acts, notifications and communications relating to the treaty;

(f) informing the States and international organizations entitled to become parties to the treaty when the number of signatures or of instruments of ratification, instruments relating to an act of formal confirmation, or of instruments of acceptance, approval or accession required for the entry into force of the treaty has been received or deposited;

(g) registering the treaty with the Secretariat of the United Nations;

(h) performing the functions specified in other provisions of the present Convention.

2. In the event of any difference appearing between a State or an international organization and the depositary as to the performance of the latter's functions, the depositary shall bring the question to the attention of:

(a) the signatory States and organizations and the contracting States and contracting organizations; or

(b) where appropriate, the competent organ of the international organization concerned.


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52 And evil filled him, and his heart was stone.

His generations lust and avarice were,

Since first the barbarous hordes from cave and fen

Issued with slanting foreheads, hanging lips,

Chippers of flint; new-weaponing their hate

With bronze and iron; clan and tribe and race

Hostile; and yoked beneath the deadliest arm

Conglomerate the Asian state rose up,

An army and a priesthood and a king.

Lie deep, white Death, on that hoar infamy!

Time turns his glass; far shines the Attic hill,

And sevenfold Rome o'er her dead marshes frowns,

And Carthage from her markets looks across!

Alas, the darling city barbarized;

Alas, the proud dominion's buried wrack;

Alas, the sand-blown desert tenantless!

Temples and palaces and war-girt forts,

Letters and arms and jewelled hoards of trade,

Far continents and undiscovered isles,

A hundred empires fall! nor deem thyself,

Proud age, excepted; still the reek of death

Breathes in thy nostrils; the black march begins

Wherewith the jealous nations sow revenge;

And peace in all thy borders whets a war

More fell, the mighty grapple joined world-wide,

The commonwealth a meaner mask of war,


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 time as commissary to the Bishop of Newcastle, New South Wales, was diocesan inspector of the diocese of Chichester, and the founder and secretary of the Worth Clerical Association. He died on 22 Feb. 1888 at Oakfield, Crawley, Sussex, which he had purchased, and where he lived after 1848, and was buried on the 29th in Worth churchyard (Guardian, 7 March 1888, p. 336). By his marriage on 17 July 1834 to Araminta Anne, third daughter of Lieutenant-general Sir John Hamilton, bart., K.T.S. [q. v.], he had three sons and one daughter.

Hoare was author of: 1. ‘Harmony of the Apocalypse with the Prophecies of Holy Scripture, with Notes,’ 8vo, London, 1848. 2. Three pamphlets, reissued together in 1850 with the general title of ‘Present Position of the Church,’ &c. 3. ‘Outlines of Ecclesiastical History before the Reformation,’ 18mo, London, 1852; 2nd edit. 1857. 4. ‘The Veracity of the Book of Genesis, with the Life and Character of the inspired Historian (with an appendix by Dr. Kurtz),’ 8vo, London, 1860. 5. ‘Letter to Bishop Colenso, wherein his objections to the Pentateuch are examined in detail,’ 8vo, London, 1863; 4th edit. same year, printed with the 2nd edit. of the treatise which follows. 6. ‘The Age and Authorship of the Pentateuch considered; in further reply to Bishop Colenso; part II.,’ 8vo, London, 1863.

HOBART, GEORGE, third (1732–1804), eldest son of John, first earl [q. v.], by his second wife, Elizabeth Bristow, was born in 1732, and became a king's scholar at Westminster in 1746. In 1754 he was elected member of parliament for St. Ives, and in 1761, 1768, and 1774 for Beeralston. Hobart was fond of dramatic entertainments, and for a time was a manager of the opera in London. He was made in 1762 secretary to the embassy at St. Petersburg, where his half-brother John, second earl of Buckinghamshire, was ambassador. On 3 Aug. 1793 he succeeded as third earl. In 1797 he became colonel of the 3rd regiment of Lincolnshire militia, and in 1799 colonel in the army. He died on 14 Nov. 1804, at Nocton in Lincolnshire, and was buried in the family vault there. Hobart married on 22 May 1757 Albinia (d. 1816), eldest daughter of Lord Vere Bertie, granddaughter of Robert, first duke of Ancaster, by whom he had four sons and four daughters. Of the sons, the eldest is separately noticed [see, fourth ]; George Vere (1761–1802) was for some time governor of Grenada; Charles, a lieutenant in the navy, was killed in 1782 in the action with the Comte de Grasse; and Henry Lewis (d. 1845) became dean of Windsor in 1816.

HOBART, HENRY (d. 1625), chief justice of the common pleas, of a family long settled in Norfolk and Suffolk, was great-grandson of Sir James Hobart [q. v.], attorney-general to Henry VII, and son of Thomas Hobart of Plumstead, Norfolk, by Audrey, daughter of William Hare of Beeston, Norfolk. He was admitted a member of Lincoln's Inn 10 Aug. 1575, and called to the bar 24 June 1584; he became a governor of the inn in 1591, and Lent reader in 1601 and 1603 (Black Book, v. 199, 359). He represented St. Ives, Cornwall, in parliament in 1588 and 1589, Yarmouth in 1597 and 1601, and Norwich from 1604 to 1610 (Members of Parliament, Official Returns, i. 422, 434, 439, 444). In 1595 he was steward of Norwich. In February 1603 with ten others he was made a serjeant-at-law, and was knighted on the accession of James I. On 2 Nov. 1605 he received a release from his office of serjeant-at-law, and next day was granted the attorney-generalship of the court of wards and liveries for life. He became attorney-general 4 July 1606, and continued in that office, barring Bacon's way to promotion, for seven years, to Bacon's intense annoyance. He was also chancellor to Henry, prince of Wales. He appeared for the plaintiffs in the case of the Post-nati (State Trials, ii. 609), and conducted the proceedings against Dr. Cowell's ‘Interpreter’ (Parl. Hist. ii. 1124). In May 1611 he was created a baronet. In 1613 he appeared against James Whitelocke, when Whitelocke was summoned before the council for contempt in giving an opinion on the navy commission. On the death of Sir Thomas Fleming, Coke was removed from the chief justiceship of the common pleas to that of the king's bench, and Hobart was appointed chief justice of the common pleas, 26 Nov. 1613. In 1617 he became chancellor and keeper of the great seal to Charles, prince of Wales, in succession to Bacon, and accordingly on 29 March he was discharged from so much of his oath of office as chief justice as prevented him from taking any fees except from the king. The Lord-chancellor Egerton being then ill, he, with Bacon and the Bishop


text: Author talk:Frederick James Furnivall

title: Author talk:Frederick James Furnivall


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 of Winchester, was considered a possible successor (, Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1617). This was again the case on Bacon's disgrace in 1621 (, Bishop Williams, p. 201).

Hobart protested against the outrageous sentence which Coke proposed to inflict on the Earl of Suffolk in 1619, and carried the majority of the court with him. In November 1619 a petition of the justices of Norfolk against permitting the import of foreign grain until the price of corn, then much depressed by too plentiful harvests, should have risen again, was referred to him and the chief justice of the king's bench, and they advised that the petition should be granted. He was judge of assize in Lincolnshire, Derbyshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, and Warwickshire in the spring of 1620, and made inquiries of the various justices about the necessity of providing local magazines for the storage of corn, receiving adverse replies in every case. On 5 June 1624 he was appointed a commissioner to mediate with the creditors of poor prisoners for debt owing less than 200l. in and near London, except those in the King's Bench and Fleet prisons, who had been otherwise provided for. In September of that year he was joined as a law-assessor with the privy council in committee upon the Amboyna business. His patent was renewed on Charles's accession, but he died at his house at Blickling in Norfolk, 26 Dec. 1625. He was a very modest and learned lawyer, and as a judge escaped the charge of subserviency to the crown. He was ‘a great loss to the public weal,’ says Spelman; and Croke (Reports, temp. Car. 28) calls him ‘a most learned, prudent, grave, and religious judge.’ Bacon, however, accuses him of falsely affecting intimacy with great persons (, Life and Letters, Ellis and Spedding, iv. 93).

A volume of Hobart's reports was published in quarto in 1641, and subsequent editions appeared in 1650, 1671, 1678, and 1724.

Hobart married Dorothy, daughter of Sir Robert Bell of Beaupré Hall, Norfolk, lord chief baron under Elizabeth, by whom he had sixteen children, twelve sons and four daughters. From him descended John Hobart, first earl of Buckinghamshire [q. v.]

A portrait of Hobart in his judge's robes, by C. Jansen, is in the possession of Viscount Powerscourt (Cat. Tudor Exhibition, 1890, p. 110). Another, either by Mytens or Van Somer, was presented by Serjeants' Inn in 1877 to the National Portrait Gallery.

HOBART, JAMES (d. 1507), attorney-general, the youngest son of Thomas Hobart of Leyham in Norfolk, was entered at Lincoln's Inn early in the reign of Edward IV. He is frequently referred to in the Paston letters. John Paston was his intimate friend, and several times consulted him, and he was apparently employed in some legal capacity by John Mowbray, duke of Norfolk (Paston Letters, ed. Gairdner, ii. 344, 368, 378, iii. 110, 140, 164, 220, 243, 338). In 1479 he was elected Lent reader at his inn. Probably he is the James Hoberd who represented Ipswich in parliament in 1467 and 1478. On 1 Nov. 1486 he was appointed attorney-general by Henry VII, and afterwards sworn of the privy council. In the same year he was appointed one of the commissioners to take Calais into the hands of the king, and inquire into the possessions of the crown there (Mat. Hist. Henry VII, i. 356). In April 1487 he was a commissioner of array for Norfolk, and in September was appointed with others to superintend the east coast fisheries (ib. ii. 135, 193). In this year there was also a grant made for the repair of Yarmouth harbour under his supervision (ib. ii. 218). In 1489 he was on the commission of peace and oyer and terminer for Suffolk, and the commission of gaol-delivery for Ipswich and Norwich (ib. ii. 479, 482). In August 1501 he was appointed to try a suit at York, when he is styled serjeant (Plumpton Correspondence, p. 161, Camden Soc.) He was knighted at the creation of Henry, prince of Wales, on 18 Feb. 1502–3. He continued in his office until his death in 1507. According to some authorities he was buried in Norwich Cathedral. His first wife was a sister of John Lyhert; his third, Margaret, daughter of Peter Naunton of Letheringham, Suffolk, who predeceased him in 1494. He bought and resided at Hales Hall in Norfolk. Sir Henry Hobart [q. v.], the chief justice, was his great-grandson. The name is also spelt Hoberd and Hubbard.

HOBART, JOHN, first (1694?–1756), son of Sir Henry Hobart, fourth baronet, who was killed in a duel early in 1699, was in his fifth year at the time of his father's death. He was educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge, and was M.P. for St. Ives, Cornwall, in 1715 and from 1722 to 1727, and for Norfolk from 1727 to 1728. In 1721 he was a commissioner for


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Rh This side for gold and lands, on that for bread;

The brawl is made a people's massacre.

For subtler arms they leave the spear and shield,

To overcome with fraud the slower mind,

With cunning to beguile the freer heart,

Purloining this man's substance, that one's hopes;

The myriads fall, the few rise eminent,

And death delaying limps as slavery,

One name of many shapes, or bond or free.

Children must eat, and women's tears be dried:

Toil on, O Worker, these are chains indeed,

And well the masters know to make them bite.

The curse be on them! men of barren greed,

Who in the sweet necessities of life

Forge the sharp axes of their fierce misrule;

Who loose the whips of hunger o'er the poor,

Themselves in plenty, fenced in sabred law,

Voracious mouths, and unrelaxing hands;

True slavers they, and traffic in their kind;

The plough, the loom, the engine,—that's the man,

And they the owners! O the ignominy!

'When? when?' the people cry, and troop to death.

The viperous knot, how hard they reach and strain!

O well may Nature trample on the brood,

And rot, a famine, where he sows the seed,

And pour, an inundation, o'er his fields,


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SIXTH

1. "There is that ancient tree, whose roots grow upward and whose branches grow downward; — that indeed is called the Bright that is called Brahman, that alone is called the Immortal . All worlds are contained in it, and no one goes beyond. This is that. 2. Whatever there is, the whole world, when gone forth (from the Brahman), trembles in its breath . That Brahman is a great terror, like a drawn sword. Those who know it become immortal. 3. From terror of Brahman fire burns, from terror the sun burns, from terror Indra and Vâyu, and Death, as the fifth, run away . 4. If a man could not understand it before the falling asunder of his body, then he has to take body again in the worlds of creation.


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Hobart trade and plantations. On 17 June 1725 he was created a knight of the Bath. At the accession of George II he was treasurer of the chamber, and the following year (28 May 1728) was created Baron Hobart of Blickling, Norfolk. On 31 Jan. 1739–40 he was nominated lord-lieutenant of Norfolk, and was sworn of the privy council on 3 Jan. 1744–5. On 5 Sept. 1746 he was created Earl of Buckinghamshire. One of the sisters of Buckinghamshire was Henrietta, afterwards Countess of Suffolk [see ]. The favour with which she was regarded by George II is supposed not to have been without its effect on her brother's rapid rise to honour (, Life of Sir R. Walpole, i. 276). Buckinghamshire died on 22 Sept. 1756. His portrait was painted by Thomas Hudson.

Buckinghamshire married, first, in 1722, Judith, daughter of Robert Brittiffe of Baconsthorpe in Norfolk; she died 7 Feb. 1727; secondly, in 1728, Elizabeth, sister of Robert Bristow. John, his son by his first marriage, succeeded as second earl (see below), and [q. v.], eldest son of the second marriage, became third earl.

 HOBART, JOHN, second (1723–1793), lord-lieutenant of Ireland, second son of  [q. v.], by his first wife, was born on 17 Aug. 1723. He was educated at Westminster School and afterwards matriculated at Christ's College, Cambridge, as a fellow-commoner on 29 March 1740, but did not take any degree. On 4 Oct. 1745 Hobart was appointed a deputy lieutenant for the county of Norfolk, and at the general election in June 1747 was returned to parliament for the city of Norwich and the borough of St. Ives, Cornwall. He elected to sit for Norwich, and was again returned for that city at the general election in April 1754. In December 1755 he was appointed comptroller of the household to George II, and on 27 Jan. 1756 was sworn a privy councillor. He succeeded his father as second Earl of Buckinghamshire on 22 Sept. 1756, and took his seat in the House of Lords on 14 Dec. following (Journals of the House of Lords, xxix. 12). Resigning the comptrollership he was appointed on 15 Nov. 1756 a lord of the bedchamber, in which capacity he also served George III until his dismissal from that post in November 1767. On 17 July 1762 he was appointed ambassador and minister plenipotentiary to Russia. He left England on 23 Aug. 1762, and resided at the Russian court until January 1765, when he resigned his post and returned to England in the following March. Two large folio volumes, containing copies of letters to Grenville, Lord Halifax, and the Earl of Sandwich from Buckinghamshire while he was ambassador at St. Petersburg, are preserved by the Marquis of Lothian at Blickling Hall, Norfolk. These letters, the dates of which range from 24 Sept. 1762 to 12 Jan. 1765, throw considerable light upon the political and social intrigues of the court of Catherine II, and its relations with this country (Hist. MSS. Comm. 1st Rep. App. p. 14). In October 1766 Buckinghamshire refused Lord Shelburne's request that he would undertake a mission to Spain (Grenville Papers, 1853, iii. 328). In spite of the king's resolution ‘not to accept of him’ (Hist. MSS. Comm. 10th Rep. App. vi. p. 15), Buckinghamshire was appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland in the place of [q. v.], on 18 Dec. 1776, and arrived at Dublin on 25 Jan. 1777. During his viceroyalty free trade was granted to Ireland, and a Roman Catholic Relief Bill, as well as a bill for relieving Irish dissenters from the sacramental test, passed. He viewed the rapid rise of the volunteer movement with impotent dismay, and it was only by means of the most flagrant and lavish bribery that he was able to pass the Perpetual Mutiny Bill. Having ‘lost the countenance of the British court on account of your address for trade, your short money bill, and, above all, the growth of the armed societies, and the thanks of both Houses of Parliament’ (, Observations on the Mutiny Bill, with some Strictures on Lord Buckinghamshire's Administration in Ireland, 2nd edit. 1781, p. 72), he was recalled, and was succeeded by Lord Carlisle, who was sworn in on 23 Dec. 1780. William Knox, writing to Lord George Germain on 26 May 1780, says that Lord Buckinghamshire would be a good lord-lieutenant were it not for his family connections and his incompetent secretary, ‘but Mr. Conolly and Sir Richard [Heron] are two millstones about his neck’ (Hist. MSS. Comm. 9th Rep. App. iii. p. 64). Buckinghamshire was an amiable nobleman, with pleasing manners and good intentions. Horace Walpole used to call him in his younger days ‘the Clearcake; fat, fair, sweet, and seen through in a moment’ (Letters, 1857, ii. 26). He was quite unable to cope with the difficulties of his position in Ireland, and in a letter written in March 1780 describes himself as ‘a man whose mind has been ulcerated with a variety of embarrassments for thirty weary months.’ On several occasions he was compelled by the home government to pursue a policy which


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54 And shake, an earthquake, underneath his towers,

And belch on city and plain volcanic fire,

Stoop in fierce lightnings, swarm in pestilence!

And he whose coming was the dawn divine,

The child in whom the morning cannot die,

Where shall he turn? what harbor, what escape?

O'erwhelmed within by fate he never forged,

The victim of primeval woe and wrong,

The sinful burden of all time his load,

'No child of hope thou art,' from all things here

Loud Nature thunders; 'the Destroyer thou,

The last and mightiest wielder of the curse,

Whose dark assault, disdaining mortal wreck,

On the eternal soul now plants the wound.'"

Then spoke the Roamer, lifting equal eyes,

Who could not stem that breathless eloquence:

"Deep is the mystery of our birth divine,

The fire from heaven that seizes on this clay

And moulds it to the spirit of a man;

Deeper the earth-taint and its mystery,

From what dark root its strong corruption grows

To eat into the soul's line element.

justice nor mercy never Nature knew;

Yet man she bore; and, howsoe'er he sin,

Justice and mercy to his heart are known;

And some, whose names are my idolatry,


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Page:Sacred Books of the East - Volume 15.djvu/82

 5. As in a mirror, so (Brahman may be seen clearly) here in this body; as in a dream, in the world of the Fathers; as in the water, he is seen about in the world of the Gandharvas; as in light and shade in the world of Brahmâ. 6. Having understood that the senses are distinct (from the Âtman), and that their rising and setting (their waking and sleeping) belongs to them in their distinct existence (and not to the Âtman), a wise man grieves no more. 7. Beyond the senses is the mind, beyond the mind is the highest (created) Being, higher than that Being is the Great Self, higher than the Great, the highest Undeveloped. 8. Beyond the Undeveloped is the Person, the all-pervading and entirely imperceptible. Every creature that knows him is liberated, and obtains immortality. 9. His form is not to be seen, no one beholds him with the eye. He is imagined by the heart, by wisdom, by the mind. Those who know this, are immortal. 10. When the five instruments of knowledge stand still together with the mind, and when the intellect does not move, that is called the highest state. 11. This, the firm holding back of the senses, is what is called Yoga. He must be free from thoughtlessness then, for Yoga comes and goes.


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Page:The roamer and other poems (1920).djvu/65

Rh Have risen; the words they spake can never die:

They outlive empire; they are made the seed

Of resurrection; heaven shall harvest them."

Almost that other believed what most he would.

Swift lights of love went o'er his stormy eyes,

And far within their fountains shone the soul,

Like some great spirit struggling to be born:

"And art thou of the bright world-savers? they

Who in the beauty of the Christ-flame die,

The last earth-fire ascending the lone skies,

In man's great God-dream risen wonderful,

The Star of noble nations"—his straight gaze

Swam warm and tender, piercingly he looked

Upon the Roamer's eyes, searching far in,

As if those orbs pale revelation held,

And he unconscious told what there he saw:

"Far on the track of time I see arisen

Ten thousand altars stained with innocence,

Nor herds and flocks and captives in their chains,

Nor men and women in their frenzied woe,

The common victims only; hither bring,

O Race of men, thy choicest; heaven cries 'Kill';

Shut, shut thy ears lest thou perchance should hear,

Above the dying sounds of time far-borne,

The awful accents roam the unbordered deep,

'My Father, why hast thou forsaken me!'