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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive Leadership of Vietnam GOVT during this crucial period is a factor of preponderant importance in deciding ultimate outcome. GOVT must display unusually aggressive leadership and courage before a discouraged people, distraught and floundering in the wake of years of civil war. Lesser considerations concerning the modalities of relations between the States of the FR Union and the REP of FR must, for instance, be at least temporarily laid aside in face of serious threat to very existence of Vietnam as autonomous state, within FR Union or otherwise.

We are aware (as is Bao Dai) that present Vietnamese GOVT is so linked with person of Chief of State that leadership and example provided by latter takes on extraordinary importance in determining degree of efficiency in functioning of GOVT. Through circumstances of absence in FR of Bao Dai and other Vietnamese leaders for prolonged period, opportunity for progress in assumption of responsibilities from FR and extension authority and influence of GOVT with people was neglected. Many people, including great number AMERS, have been unable understand reasons for Emperor's GTE prolonged holiday UNQTE on Riviera and have misinterpreted it as an indication of lack of patriotic attachment to his role of Chief of State. DEPT is at least of opinion that his absence did not enhance the authority and prestige of his GOVT at home.

Therefore, DEPT considers it imperative Bao Dai give Vietnamese people evidence his determination personally take up reins of state and lead his country into IMMED and energetic opposition COMMIE menace. Specifically he SHLD embark upon IMMED program of visits to all parts Vietnam making numerous speeches and public apperances in the process. Chief of State SHLD declare his determination plunge into job of rallying people to support of GOVT and opposition to VM IMMED upon arrival Saigon. He SHLD announce US, FR support for formation NATL armies and his own intention assume role Commander in Chief. He SHLD take full advantage of FR official declaration of intention to form NATL armies (confirmed yesterday by MIN ASSC States Letourneau) and set up precise plan for such formation IMMED. Rh

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text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Dalrymple, George Augustus Frederick Elphinstone

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Rh known as the author of textbooks and monographs in his chosen field of scholarship, he has also shown himself in such volumes as "Essays and Studies" and "Hellas and Hesperia" to be gifted as an English stylist.]

A few months ago, as I was leaving Baltimore for a summer sojourn on the coast of Maine, two old soldiers of the war be tween the states took their seats immediately behind me in the car and began a lively conversation about the various battles in which they had faced each other more than a quarter of a century ago, when a trip to New England would have been no holiday jaunt for one of their fellow travelers. The veterans went into the minute detail that always puts me to shame, when I think how poor an account I should give if pressed to describe the military movements that I have happened to witness; and I may as well acknowledge at the outset that I have as little aptitude for the soldier's trade as I have for the romancer's. Single incidents I remember as if they were of yesterday. Single pictures have burned themselves into my brain. But I have no vocation to tell how fields were lost and won, and my experience of military life was too brief and fitful to be of any value to the historian of the war. For my own life that experience has been of the utmost significance, and despite the heavy price I have had to pay for my outings, despite the daily reminder of five long months of intense suffering, I have no regrets. An able-bodied young man, with a long vacation at his disposal, could not have done otherwise, and the right to teach Southern youth for nine months was earned by sharing the fortunes of their fathers and brothers at the front for three. Self-respect is everything; and it is


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Mitchell, Sir Thomas Livingstone


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 where these mammalia are now and have long been extinct. The not quite conclusive researches of Tournal and Christol in limestone caverns of the south of France date back to 1828. About the same time P. C. Schmerling of Liége was exploring the ossiferous caverns of the valley of the Meuse, and satisfied himself that the men whose bones he found beneath the stalagmite floors, together with bones cut and flints shaped by human workmanship, had inhabited this Belgian district at the same time with the cave-bear and several other extinct animals whose bones were imbedded with them (Recherches sur les ossements fossiles découverts dans les cavernes de la province de Liége (Liége, 1833–1834)). This evidence, however, met with little acceptance among scientific men. Nor, at first, was more credit given to the discovery by M. Boucher de Perthes, about 1841, of rude flint hatchets in a sand-bed containing remains of mammoth and rhinoceros at Menchecourt near Abbeville, which first find was followed by others in the same district (see Boucher de Perthes, De l’Industrie primitive, ou les arts à leur origine (1846); Antiquités celtiques et antédiluviennes (Paris, 1847), &c.). Between 1850 and 1860 French and English geologists were induced to examine into the facts, and found irresistible the evidence that man existed and used rude implements of chipped flint during the Quaternary or Drift period. Further investigations were then made, and overlooked results of older ones reviewed. In describing (q.v.) near Torquay, R. A. C. Godwin-Austen had maintained, as early as 1840 (Proc. Geo. Soc. London, vol. iii. p. 286), that the human bones and worked flints had been deposited indiscriminately together with the remains of fossil elephant, rhinoceros, &c. Certain caves and rock-shelters in the province of Dordogne, in central France, were examined by a French and an English archaeologist, Edouard Lartet and Henry Christy, the remains discovered showing the former prevalence of the reindeer in this region, at that time inhabited by savages, whose bone and stone implements indicate a habit of life similar to that of the Eskimos. Moreover, the co-existence of man with a fauna now extinct or confined to other districts was brought to yet clearer demonstration by the discovery in these caves of certain drawings and carvings of the animals done by the ancient inhabitants themselves, such as a group of reindeer on a piece of reindeer horn, and a sketch of a mammoth, showing the elephant’s long hair, on a piece of a mammoth’s tusk from La Madeleine (Lartet and Christy, Reliquiae Aquitanicae, ed. by T. R. Jones (London, 1865), &c.).

This and other evidence (which is considered in more detail in the article ) is now generally accepted by geologists as carrying back the existence of man into the period of the post-glacial drift, in what is now called the Quaternary period, an antiquity at least of tens of thousands of years. Again, certain inferences have been tentatively made from the depth of mud, earth, peat, &c., which has accumulated above relics of human art imbedded in ancient times. Among these is the argument from the numerous borings made in the alluvium of the Nile valley to a depth of 60 ft., where down to the lowest level fragments of burnt brick and pottery were always found, showing that people advanced enough in the arts to bake brick and pottery have inhabited the valley during the long period required for the Nile inundations to deposit 60 ft. of mud, at a rate probably not averaging more than a few inches in a century. Another argument is that of Professor von Morlot, based on a railway section through a conical accumulation of gravel and alluvium, which the torrent of the Tinière has gradually built up where it enters the Lake of Geneva near Villeneuve. Here three layers of vegetable soil appear, proved by the objects imbedded in them to have been the successive surface soils in two prehistoric periods and in the Roman period, but now lying 4, 10 and 19 ft. underground. On this it is computed that if 4 ft. of soil were formed in the 1500 years since the Roman period, we must go 5000 years farther back for the date of the earliest human inhabitants. Calculations of this kind, loose as they are, deserve attention.

The interval between the Quaternary or Drift period and the period of historical antiquity is to some extent bridged over by relics of various intermediate civilizations, e.g. the (q.v.) of Switzerland, mostly of the lower grades, and in some cases reaching back to remote dates. And further evidence of man’s antiquity is afforded by the kitchen-middens or (q.v.), especially those in Denmark. Danish peat-mosses again show the existence of man at a time when the Scotch fir was abundant; at a later period the firs were succeeded by oaks, which have again been almost superseded by beeches, a succession of changes which indicate a considerable lapse of time.

Lastly, chronicles and documentary records, taken in connexion with archaeological relics of the historical period, carry back into distant ages the starting-point of actual history, behind which lies the evidently vast period only known by inferences from the relations of languages and the stages of development of civilization. The most recent work of Egyptologists proves a systematic civilization to have existed in the valley of the Nile at least 6000 to 7000 years ago (see ).

It was formerly held that the early state of society was one of comparatively high culture, and thus there was no hesitation in assigning the origin of man to a time but little beyond the range of historical records and monuments. But the researches of anthropologists in recent years have proved that the civilization of man has been gradually developed from an original stone-age culture, such as characterizes modern savage life. To the 6000 years to which ancient civilization dates back must be added a vast period during which the knowledge, arts and institutions of such a civilization as that of ancient Egypt attained the high level evidenced by the earliest records. The evidence of comparative philology supports the necessity for an enormous time allowance. Thus, Hebrew and Arabic are closely related languages, neither of them the original of the other, but both sprung from some parent language more ancient than either. When, therefore, the Hebrew records have carried back to the most ancient admissible date the existence of the Hebrew language, this date must have been long preceded by that of the extinct parent language of the whole Semitic family; while this again was no doubt the descendant of languages slowly shaping themselves through ages into this peculiar type. Yet more striking is the evidence of the Indo-European (formerly called Aryan) family of languages. The Hindus, Medes, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Germans, Celts and Slavs make their appearance at more or less remote dates as nations separate in language as in history. Nevertheless, it is now acknowledged that at some far remoter time, before these nations were divided from the parent stock, and distributed over Asia and Europe, a single barbaric people stood as physical and political representative of the nascent Aryan race, speaking a now extinct Aryan language, from which, by a series of modifications not to be estimated as possible within many thousands of years, there arose languages which have been mutually unintelligible since the dawn of history, and between which it was only possible for an age of advanced philology to trace the fundamental relationship.

From the combination of these considerations, it will be seen that the farthest date to which documentary or other records extend is now generally regarded by anthropologists as but the earliest distinctly visible point of the historic period, beyond which stretches back a vast indefinite series of prehistoric ages.

V. Language.—In examining how the science of language bears on the general problems of anthropology, it is not necessary to discuss at length the critical questions which arise, the principal of which are considered elsewhere (see ). Philology is especially appealed to by anthropologists as contributing to the following lines of argument. A primary mental similarity of all branches of the human race is evidenced by their common faculty of speech, while at the same time secondary diversities of race-character and history are marked by difference of grammatical structure and of vocabularies. The existence of groups or families of allied languages, each group being evidently descended from a single language, affords one of the principal aids in classifying nations and races. The adoption by one language of words originally belonging to another, proving as it does the fact of intercourse between two races, and even to some extent indicating the results of such intercourse, affords a

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Page:Ethics (Moore 1912).djvu/2

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Page:Ethics (Moore 1912).djvu/3

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 Canadian Alpine Journal I, 2, p16a.jpg E. Feuz, Photo THE PRECIPITOUS CROWN

Canadian Alpine Journal I, 2, p16b.jpg E. Feuz, Photo THE CRACK, PINACLE MT.


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 Canadian Alpine Journal I, 2, p19a.jpg P. D. McTavish, Photo SENTINEL PASS

Pass No. 5 of Two-Day Expedition

Canadian Alpine Journal I, 2, p19b.jpg P. D. McTavish, Photo PINNACLE MOUNTAIN FROM SENTINEL PASS


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text:
The Stolen Body

Mr. Bessel was the senior partner in the firm of Bessel, Hart, and Brown, of St. Paul's Churchyard, and for many years he was well known among those interested in psychical research as a liberal-minded and conscientious investigator. He was an unmarried man, and instead of living in the suburbs, after the fashion of his class, he occupied rooms in the Albany, near Piccadilly. He was particularly interested in the questions of thought transference and of apparitions of the living, and in November, 1896, he commenced a series of experiments in conjunction with Mr. Vincey, of Staple Inn, in order to test the alleged possibility of projecting an apparition of one's self by force of will through space.

Their experiments were conducted in the following manner: At a pre-arranged hour Mr. Bessel shut himself in one of his rooms in the Albany and Mr. Vincey in his sitting-room in Staple Inn, and each then fixed his mind as resolutely as possible on the other. Mr. Bessel had acquired the art of self-hypnotism, and, so far as he could, he attempted first to hypnotise himself and then to project himself as a "phantom of the living" across the intervening space of nearly two miles into Mr. Vincey's apartment. On several evenings this was tried without any satisfactory result, but on the fifth or sixth occasion Mr. Vincey did actually see or imagine he saw an apparition of Mr. Bessel standing in his room. He states that the appearance, although brief, was very vivid and real. He noticed that Mr. Bessel's face was white and his expression anxious, and, moreover, that his hair was disordered. For a moment Mr. Vincey, in spite of his state of expectation, was too surprised to speak or move, and in that moment it seemed to him as though the figure glanced over its shoulder and incontinently vanished. It had been arranged that an attempt should be made to photograph any phantasm seen, but Mr. Vincey had not the instant presence of mind to snap the camera that lay ready on the table beside him, and when he did so he was too late. Greatly elated, however, even by this partial success, he made a note of the exact time, and at once took a cab to the Albany to inform Mr. Bessel of this result.

He was surprised to find Mr. Bessel's outer door standing open to the night, and the inner apartments lit and in an extraordinary disorder. An empty champagne magnum lay smashed upon the floor; its neck had been broken off against the inkpot on the bureau and lay beside it. An octagonal occasional table, which carried a bronze statuette and a number of choice books, had been rudely overturned, and down the primrose paper of the wall inky fingers had been drawn, as it seemed for the mere pleasure of defilement. One of the delicate chintz curtains had been violently torn from its rings and thrust upon the fire, so that the smell of its smouldering filled the room. Indeed the whole place was disarranged in the strangest fashion. For a few minutes Mr. Vincey, who had entered sure of finding Mr. Bessel in his easy chair awaiting him, could scarcely believe his eyes, and stood staring helplessly at these unanticipated things.

Then, full of a vague sense of calamity, he sought the porter at the entrance lodge. "Where is Mr. Bessel?" he asked. "Do you know that all the furniture is broken in Mr. Bessel's room?" The porter said nothing, but, obeying his gestures, came at once to Mr. Bessel's apartment to see the state of affairs. "This settles it," he said, surveying the lunatic confusion. "I didn't know of this. Mr. Bessel's gone off. He's mad!"

He then proceeded to tell Mr. Vincey that about half an hour previously, that is to say, at about the time of Mr. Bessel's apparition in Mr. Vincey's rooms, the missing gentleman had rushed out of the gates of the Albany into Vigo Street, hatless and with disordered hair, and had vanished into the direction of Bond Street. "And as he went past me," said the porter, "he laughed—a sort of gasping laugh, with his mouth open and his eyes glaring—I tell you, sir, he fair scared me!—like this." According to his imitation it was anything but a pleasant laugh. "He waved his hand, with all his fingers crooked and clawing—like that. And he said, in a sort of fierce whisper, 'LIFE!' Just that one word, 'LIFE!'"

"Dear me," said Mr. Vincey. "Tut, tut," and "Dear me!" He could think of nothing else to say. He was naturally very much surprised. He turned from the room to the porter and from the porter to the room in the gravest perplexity. Beyond his suggestion that probably Mr. Bessel would come back presently and explain what had happened, their conversation was unable to proceed. "It might be a sudden toothache," said the porter, "a very sudden and violent toothache, jumping on him suddenly-like and driving him wild. I've broken things myself before now in such a case..." He thought. "If it was, why should he say 'LIFE' to me as he went past?"

Mr. Vincey did not know. Mr. Bessel did not return, and at last Mr. Vincey, having done some more helpless staring, and having addressed a note of brief inquiry and left it in a conspicuous position on the bureau, returned in a very perplexed frame of mind to his own premises in Staple Inn. This affair had given him a shock. He was at a loss to account for Mr. Bessel's conduct on any sane hypothesis. He tried to read, but he could not do so; he went for a short walk, and was so preoccupied that he narrowly escaped a cab at the top of Chancery Lane; and at last—a full hour before his usual time—he went to bed. For a considerable time he could not sleep because of his memory of the silent confusion of Mr. Bessel's apartment, and when at length he did attain an uneasy slumber it was at once disturbed by a very vivid and distressing dream of Mr. Bessel. He saw Mr. Bessel gesticulating wildly, and with his face white and contorted. And, inexplicably mingled with his appearance, suggested perhaps by his gestures, was an intense fear, an urgency to act. He even believes that he heard the voice of his fellow experimenter calling distressfully to him, though at the time he considered this to be an illusion. The vivid impression remained though Mr. Vincey awoke. For a space he lay awake and trembling in the darkness, possessed with that vague, unaccountable terror of unknown possibilities that comes out of dreams upon even the bravest men. But at last he roused himself, and turned over and went to sleep again, only for the dream to return with enhanced vividness.

He awoke with such a strong conviction that Mr. Bessel was in overwhelming distress and need of help that sleep was no longer possible. He was persuaded that his friend had rushed out to some dire calamity. For a time he lay reasoning vainly against this belief, but at last he gave way to it. He arose, against all reason, lit his gas, and dressed, and set out through the deserted streets—deserted, save for a noiseless policeman or so and the early news carts—towards Vigo Street to inquire if Mr. Bessel had returned.

But he never got there. As he was going down Long Acre some unaccountable impulse turned him aside out of that street towards Covent Garden, which was just waking to its nocturnal activities. He saw the market in front of him—a queer effect of glowing yellow lights and busy black figures. He became aware of a shouting, and perceived a figure turn the corner by the hotel and run swiftly towards him. He knew at once that it was Mr. Bessel. But it was Mr. Bessel transfigured. He was hatless and dishevelled, his collar was torn open, he grasped a bone-handled walking-cane near the ferrule end, and his mouth was pulled awry. And he ran, with agile strides, very rapidly. Their encounter was the affair of an instant. "Bessel!" cried Vincey. The running man gave no sign of recognition either of Mr. Vincey or of his own name. Instead, he cut at his friend savagely with the stick, hitting him in the face within an inch of the eye. Mr. Vincey, stunned and astonished, staggered back, lost his footing, and fell heavily on the pavement. It seemed to him that Mr. Bessel leapt over him as he fell. When he looked again Mr. Bessel had vanished, and a policeman and a number of garden porters and salesmen were rushing past towards Long Acre in hot pursuit.

With the assistance of several passers-by—for the whole street was speedily alive with running people—Mr. Vincey struggled to his feet. He at once became the centre of a crowd greedy to see his injury. A multitude of voices competed to reassure him of his safety, and then to tell him of the behaviour of the madman, as they regarded Mr. Bessel. He had suddenly appeared in the middle of the market screaming "LIFE! LIFE!" striking left and right with a blood-stained walking-stick, and dancing and shouting with laughter at each successful blow. A lad and two women had broken heads, and he had smashed a man's wrist; a little child had been knocked insensible, and for a time he had driven every one before him, so furious and resolute had his behaviour been. Then he made a raid upon a coffee stall, hurled its paraffin flare through the window of the post office, and fled laughing, after stunning the foremost of the two policemen who had the pluck to charge him.

Mr. Vincey's first impulse was naturally to join in the pursuit of his friend, in order if possible to save him from the violence of the indignant people. But his action was slow, the blow had half stunned him, and while this was still no more than a resolution came the news, shouted through the crowd, that Mr. Bessel had eluded his pursuers. At first Mr. Vincey could scarcely credit this, but the universality of the report, and presently the dignified return of two futile policemen, convinced him. After some aimless inquiries he returned towards Staple Inn, padding a handkerchief to a now very painful nose. He was angry and astonished and perplexed. It appeared to him indisputable that Mr. Bessel must have gone violently mad in the midst of his experiment in thought transference, but why that should make him appear with a sad white face in Mr. Vincey's dreams seemed a problem beyond solution. He racked his brains in vain to explain this. It seemed to him at last that not simply Mr. Bessel, but the order of things must be insane. But he could think of nothing to do. He shut himself carefully into his room, lit his fire—it was a gas fire with asbestos bricks—and, fearing fresh dreams if he went to bed, remained bathing his injured face, or holding up books in a vain attempt to read, until dawn. Throughout that vigil he had a curious persuasion that Mr. Bessel was endeavouring to speak to him, but he would not let himself attend to any such belief.

About dawn, his physical fatigue asserted itself, and he went to bed and slept at last in spite of dreaming. He rose late, unrested and anxious, and in considerable facial pain. The morning papers had no news of Mr. Bessel's aberration—it had come too late for them. Mr. Vincey's perplexities, to which the fever of his bruise added fresh irritation, became at last intolerable, and, after a fruitless visit to the Albany, he went down to St. Paul's Churchyard to Mr. Hart, Mr. Bessel's partner, and, so far as Mr. Vincey knew, his nearest friend.

He was surprised to learn that Mr. Hart, although he knew nothing of the outbreak, had also been disturbed by a vision, the very vision that Mr. Vincey had seen—Mr. Bessel, white and dishevelled, pleading earnestly by his gestures for help. That was his impression of the import of his signs. "I was just going to look him up in the Albany when you arrived," said Mr. Hart. "I was so sure of something being wrong with him."

As the outcome of their consultation the two gentlemen decided to inquire at Scotland Yard for news of their missing friend. "He is bound to be laid by the heels," said Mr. Hart. "He can't go on at that pace for long." But the police authorities had not laid Mr. Bessel by the heels. They confirmed Mr. Vincey's overnight experiences and added fresh circumstances, some of an even graver character than those he knew—a list of smashed glass along the upper half of Tottenham Court Road, an attack upon a policeman in Hampstead Road, and an atrocious assault upon a woman. All these outrages were committed between half-past twelve and a quarter to two in the morning, and between those hours—and, indeed, from the very moment of Mr. Bessel's first rush from his rooms at half-past nine in the evening—they could trace the deepening violence of his fantastic career. For the last hour, at least from before one, that is, until a quarter to two, he had run amuck through London, eluding with amazing agility every effort to stop or capture him.

But after a quarter to two he had vanished. Up to that hour witnesses were multitudinous. Dozens of people had seen him, fled from him or pursued him, and then things suddenly came to an end. At a quarter to two he had been seen running down the Euston Road towards Baker Street, flourishing a can of burning colza oil and jerking splashes of flame therefrom at the windows of the houses he passed. But none of the policemen on Euston Road beyond the Waxwork Exhibition, nor any of those in the side streets down which he must have passed had he left the Euston Road, had seen anything of him. Abruptly he disappeared. Nothing of his subsequent doings came to light in spite of the keenest inquiry.

Here was a fresh astonishment for Mr. Vincey. He had found considerable comfort in Mr. Hart's conviction: "He is bound to be laid by the heels before long," and in that assurance he had been able to suspend his mental perplexities. But any fresh development seemed destined to add new impossibilities to a pile already heaped beyond the powers of his acceptance. He found himself doubting whether his memory might not have played him some grotesque trick, debating whether any of these things could possibly have happened; and in the afternoon he hunted up Mr. Hart again to share the intolerable weight on his mind. He found Mr. Hart engaged with a well-known private detective, but as that gentleman accomplished nothing in this case, we need not enlarge upon his proceedings.

All that day Mr. Bessel's whereabouts eluded an unceasingly active inquiry, and all that night. And all that day there was a persuasion in the back of Vincey's mind that Mr. Bessel sought his attention, and all through the night Mr. Bessel with a tear-stained face of anguish pursued him through his dreams. And whenever he saw Mr. Bessel in his dreams he also saw a number of other faces, vague but malignant, that seemed to be pursuing Mr. Bessel.

It was on the following day, Sunday, that Mr. Vincey recalled certain remarkable stories of Mrs. Bullock, the medium, who was then attracting attention for the first time in London. He determined to consult her. She was staying at the house of that well-known inquirer, Dr. Wilson Paget, and Mr. Vincey, although he had never met that gentleman before, repaired to him forthwith with the intention of invoking her help. But scarcely had he mentioned the name of Bessel when Doctor Paget interrupted him. "Last night—just at the end," he said, "we had a communication."

He left the room, and returned with a slate on which were certain words written in a handwriting, shaky indeed, but indisputably the handwriting of Mr. Bessel!

"How did you get this?" said Mr. Vincey. "Do you mean—?"

"We got it last night," said Doctor Paget. With numerous interruptions from Mr. Vincey, he proceeded to explain how the writing had been obtained. It appears that in her seances, Mrs. Bullock passes into a condition of trance, her eyes rolling up in a strange way under her eyelids, and her body becoming rigid. She then begins to talk very rapidly, usually in voices other than her own. At the same time one or both of her hands may become active, and if slates and pencils are provided they will then write messages simultaneously with and quite independently of the flow of words from her mouth. By many she is considered an even more remarkable medium than the celebrated Mrs. Piper. It was one of these messages, the one written by her left hand, that Mr. Vincey now had before him. It consisted of eight words written disconnectedly: "George Bessel... trial excavn.... Baker Street... help... starvation." Curiously enough, neither Doctor Paget nor the two other inquirers who were present had heard of the disappearance of Mr. Bessel—the news of it appeared only in the evening papers of Saturday—and they had put the message aside with many others of a vague and enigmatical sort that Mrs. Bullock has from time to time delivered. When Doctor Paget heard Mr. Vincey's story, he gave himself at once with great energy to the pursuit of this clue to the discovery of Mr. Bessel. It would serve no useful purpose here to describe the inquiries of Mr. Vincey and himself; suffice it that the clue was a genuine one, and that Mr. Bessel was actually discovered by its aid.

He was found at the bottom of a detached shaft which had been sunk and abandoned at the commencement of the work for the new electric railway near Baker Street Station. His arm and leg and two ribs were broken. The shaft is protected by a hoarding nearly 20 feet high, and over this, incredible as it seems, Mr. Bessel, a stout, middle-aged gentleman, must have scrambled in order to fall down the shaft. He was saturated in colza oil, and the smashed tin lay beside him, but luckily the flame had been extinguished by his fall. And his madness had passed from him altogether. But he was, of course, terribly enfeebled, and at the sight of his rescuers he gave way to hysterical weeping.

In view of the deplorable state of his flat, he was taken to the house of Dr. Hatton in Upper Baker Street. Here he was subjected to a sedative treatment, and anything that might recall the violent crisis through which he had passed was carefully avoided. But on the second day he volunteered a statement.

Since that occasion Mr. Bessel has several times repeated this statement—to myself among other people—varying the details as the narrator of real experiences always does, but never by any chance contradicting himself in any particular. And the statement he makes is in substance as follows.

In order to understand it clearly it is necessary to go back to his experiments with Mr. Vincey before his remarkable attack. Mr. Bessel's first attempts at self-projection, in his experiments with Mr. Vincey, were, as the reader will remember, unsuccessful. But through all of them he was concentrating all his power and will upon getting out of the body—"willing it with all my might," he says. At last, almost against expectation, came success. And Mr. Bessel asserts that he, being alive, did actually, by an effort of will, leave his body and pass into some place or state outside this world.

The release was, he asserts, instantaneous. "At one moment I was seated in my chair, with my eyes tightly shut, my hands gripping the arms of the chair, doing all I could to concentrate my mind on Vincey, and then I perceived myself outside my body—saw my body near me, but certainly not containing me, with the hands relaxing and the head drooping forward on the breast." Nothing shakes him in his assurance of that release. He describes in a quiet, matter-of-fact way the new sensation he experienced. He felt he had become impalpable—so much he had expected, but he had not expected to find himself enormously large. So, however, it would seem he became. "I was a great cloud—if I may express it that way—anchored to my body. It appeared to me, at first, as if I had discovered a greater self of which the conscious being in my brain was only a little part. I saw the Albany and Piccadilly and Regent Street and all the rooms and places in the houses, very minute and very bright and distinct, spread out below me like a little city seen from a balloon. Every now and then vague shapes like drifting wreaths of smoke made the vision a little indistinct, but at first I paid little heed to them. The thing that astonished me most, and which astonishes me still, is that I saw quite distinctly the insides of the houses as well as the streets, saw little people dining and talking in the private houses, men and women dining, playing billiards, and drinking in restaurants and hotels, and several places of entertainment crammed with people. It was like watching the affairs of a glass hive."

Such were Mr. Bessel's exact words as I took them down when he told me the story. Quite forgetful of Mr. Vincey, he remained for a space observing these things. Impelled by curiosity, he says, he stooped down, and, with the shadowy arm he found himself possessed of, attempted to touch a man walking along Vigo Street. But he could not do so, though his finger seemed to pass through the man. Something prevented his doing this, but what it was he finds it hard to describe. He compares the obstacle to a sheet of glass.

"I felt as a kitten may feel," he said, "when it goes for the first time to pat its reflection in a mirror." Again and again, on the occasion when I heard him tell this story, Mr. Bessel returned to that comparison of the sheet of glass. Yet it was not altogether a precise comparison, because, as the reader will speedily see, there were interruptions of this generally impermeable resistance, means of getting through the barrier to the material world again. But, naturally, there is a very great difficulty in expressing these unprecedented impressions in the language of everyday experience.

A thing that impressed him instantly, and which weighed upon him throughout all this experience, was the stillness of this place—he was in a world without sound.

At first Mr. Bessel's mental state was an unemotional wonder. His thought chiefly concerned itself with where he might be. He was out of the body—out of his material body, at any rate—but that was not all. He believes, and I for one believe also, that he was somewhere out of space, as we understand it, altogether. By a strenuous effort of will he had passed out of his body into a world beyond this world, a world undreamt of, yet lying so close to it and so strangely situated with regard to it that all things on this earth are clearly visible both from without and from within in this other world about us. For a long time, as it seemed to him, this realisation occupied his mind to the exclusion of all other matters, and then he recalled the engagement with Mr. Vincey, to which this astonishing experience was, after all, but a prelude.

He turned his mind to locomotion in this new body in which he found himself. For a time he was unable to shift himself from his attachment to his earthly carcass. For a time this new strange cloud body of his simply swayed, contracted, expanded, coiled, and writhed with his efforts to free himself, and then quite suddenly the link that bound him snapped. For a moment everything was hidden by what appeared to be whirling spheres of dark vapour, and then through a momentary gap he saw his drooping body collapse limply, saw his lifeless head drop sideways, and found he was driving along like a huge cloud in a strange place of shadowy clouds that had the luminous intricacy of London spread like a model below.

But now he was aware that the fluctuating vapour about him was something more than vapour, and the temerarious excitement of his first essay was shot with fear. For he perceived, at first indistinctly, and then suddenly very clearly, that he was surrounded by FACES! that each roll and coil of the seeming cloud-stuff was a face. And such faces! Faces of thin shadow, faces of gaseous tenuity. Faces like those faces that glare with intolerable strangeness upon the sleeper in the evil hours of his dreams. Evil, greedy eyes that were full of a covetous curiosity, faces with knit brows and snarling, smiling lips; their vague hands clutched at Mr. Bessel as he passed, and the rest of their bodies was but an elusive streak of trailing darkness. Never a word they said, never a sound from the mouths that seemed to gibber. All about him they pressed in that dreamy silence, passing freely through the dim mistiness that was his body, gathering ever more numerously about him. And the shadowy Mr. Bessel, now suddenly fear-stricken, drove through the silent, active multitude of eyes and clutching hands. So inhuman were these faces, so malignant their staring eyes, and shadowy, clawing gestures, that it did not occur to Mr. Bessel to attempt intercourse with these drifting creatures. Idiot phantoms, they seemed, children of vain desire, beings unborn and forbidden the boon of being, whose only expressions and gestures told of the envy and craving for life that was their one link with existence.

It says much for his resolution that, amidst the swarming cloud of these noiseless spirits of evil, he could still think of Mr. Vincey. He made a violent effort of will and found himself, he knew not how, stooping towards Staple Inn, saw Vincey sitting attentive and alert in his arm-chair by the fire.

And clustering also about him, as they clustered ever about all that lives and breathes, was another multitude of these vain voiceless shadows, longing, desiring, seeking some loophole into life. For a space Mr. Bessel sought ineffectually to attract his friend's attention. He tried to get in front of his eyes, to move the objects in his room, to touch him. But Mr. Vincey remained unaffected, ignorant of the being that was so close to his own. The strange something that Mr. Bessel has compared to a sheet of glass separated them impermeably. And at last Mr. Bessel did a desperate thing. I have told how that in some strange way he could see not only the outside of a man as we see him, but within. He extended his shadowy hand and thrust his vague black fingers, as it seemed, through the heedless brain.

Then, suddenly, Mr. Vincey started like a man who recalls his attention from wandering thoughts, and it seemed to Mr. Bessel that a little dark-red body situated in the middle of Mr. Vincey's brain swelled and glowed as he did so. Since that experience he has been shown anatomical figures of the brain, and he knows now that this is that useless structure, as doctors call it, the pineal eye. For, strange as it will seem to many, we have, deep in our brains—where it cannot possibly see any earthly light—an eye! At the time this, with the rest of the internal anatomy of the brain, was quite new to him. At the sight of its changed appearance, however, he thrust forth his finger, and, rather fearful still of the consequences, touched this little spot. And instantly Mr. Vincey started, and Mr. Bessel knew that he was seen.

And at that instant it came to Mr. Bessel that evil had happened to his body, and behold! a great wind blew through all that world of shadows and tore him away. So strong was this persuasion that he thought no more of Mr. Vincey, but turned about forthwith, and all the countless faces drove back with him like leaves before a gale. But he returned too late. In an instant he saw the body that he had left inert and collapsed—lying, indeed, like the body of a man just dead—had arisen, had arisen by virtue of some strength and will beyond his own. It stood with staring eyes, stretching its limbs in dubious fashion. For a moment he watched it in wild dismay, and then he stooped towards it. But the pane of glass had closed against him again, and he was foiled. He beat himself passionately against this, and all about him the spirits of evil grinned and pointed and mocked. He gave way to furious anger. He compares himself to a bird that has fluttered heedlessly into a room and is beating at the window-pane that holds it back from freedom.

And behold! the little body that had once been his was now dancing with delight. He saw it shouting, though he could not hear its shouts; he saw the violence of its movements grow. He watched it fling his cherished furniture about in the mad delight of existence, rend his books apart, smash bottles, drink heedlessly from the jagged fragments, leap and smite in a passionate acceptance of living. He watched these actions in paralysed astonishment. Then once more he hurled himself against the impassable barrier, and then with all that crew of mocking ghosts about him, hurried back in dire confusion to Vincey to tell him of the outrage that had come upon him.

But the brain of Vincey was now closed against apparitions, and the disembodied Mr. Bessel pursued him in vain as he hurried out into Holborn to call a cab. Foiled and terror-stricken, Mr. Bessel swept back again, to find his desecrated body whooping in a glorious frenzy down the Burlington Arcade....

And now the attentive reader begins to understand Mr. Bessel's interpretation of the first part of this strange story. The being whose frantic rush through London had inflicted so much injury and disaster had indeed Mr. Bessel's body, but it was not Mr. Bessel. It was an evil spirit out of that strange world beyond existence, into which Mr. Bessel had so rashly ventured. For twenty hours it held possession of him, and for all those twenty hours the dispossessed spirit-body of Mr. Bessel was going to and fro in that unheard-of middle world of shadows seeking help in vain. He spent many hours beating at the minds of Mr. Vincey and of his friend Mr. Hart. Each, as we know, he roused by his efforts. But the language that might convey his situation to these helpers across the gulf he did not know; his feeble fingers groped vainly and powerlessly in their brains. Once, indeed, as we have already told, he was able to turn Mr. Vincey aside from his path so that he encountered the stolen body in its career, but he could not make him understand the thing that had happened: he was unable to draw any help from that encounter....

All through those hours the persuasion was overwhelming in Mr. Bessel's mind that presently his body would be killed by its furious tenant, and he would have to remain in this shadow-land for evermore. So that those long hours were a growing agony of fear. And ever as he hurried to and fro in his ineffectual excitement, innumerable spirits of that world about him mobbed him and confused his mind. And ever an envious applauding multitude poured after their successful fellow as he went upon his glorious career.

For that, it would seem, must be the life of these bodiless things of this world that is the shadow of our world. Ever they watch, coveting a way into a mortal body, in order that they may descend, as furies and frenzies, as violent lusts and mad, strange impulses, rejoicing in the body they have won. For Mr. Bessel was not the only human soul in that place. Witness the fact that he met first one, and afterwards several shadows of men, men like himself, it seemed, who had lost their bodies even it may be as he had lost his, and wandered, despairingly, in that lost world that is neither life nor death. They could not speak because that world is silent, yet he knew them for men because of their dim human bodies, and because of the sadness of their faces.

But how they had come into that world he could not tell, nor where the bodies they had lost might be, whether they still raved about the earth, or whether they were closed forever in death against return. That they were the spirits of the dead neither he nor I believe. But Doctor Wilson Paget thinks they are the rational souls of men who are lost in madness on the earth. At last Mr. Bessel chanced upon a place where a little crowd of such disembodied silent creatures was gathered, and thrusting through them he saw below a brightly-lit room, and four or five quiet gentlemen and a woman, a stoutish woman dressed in black bombazine and sitting awkwardly in a chair with her head thrown back. He knew her from her portraits to be Mrs. Bullock, the medium. And he perceived that tracts and structures in her brain glowed and stirred as he had seen the pineal eye in the brain of Mr. Vincey glow. The light was very fitful; sometimes it was a broad illumination, and sometimes merely a faint twilight spot, and it shifted slowly about her brain. She kept on talking and writing with one hand. And Mr. Bessel saw that the crowding shadows of men about him, and a great multitude of the shadow spirits of that shadowland, were all striving and thrusting to touch the lighted regions of her brain. As one gained her brain or another was thrust away, her voice and the writing of her hand changed. So that what she said was disorderly and confused for the most part; now a fragment of one soul's message, and now a fragment of another's, and now she babbled the insane fancies of the spirits of vain desire. Then Mr. Bessel understood that she spoke for the spirit that had touch of her, and he began to struggle very furiously towards her. But he was on the outside of the crowd and at that time he could not reach her, and at last, growing anxious, he went away to find what had happened meanwhile to his body. For a long time he went to and fro seeking it in vain and fearing that it must have been killed, and then he found it at the bottom of the shaft in Baker Street, writhing furiously and cursing with pain. Its leg and an arm and two ribs had been broken by its fall. Moreover, the evil spirit was angry because his time had been so short and because of the painmaking violent movements and casting his body about.

And at that Mr. Bessel returned with redoubled earnestness to the room where the seance was going on, and so soon as he had thrust himself within sight of the place he saw one of the men who stood about the medium looking at his watch as if he meant that the seance should presently end. At that a great number of the shadows who had been striving turned away with gestures of despair. But the thought that the seance was almost over only made Mr. Bessel the more earnest, and he struggled so stoutly with his will against the others that presently he gained the woman's brain. It chanced that just at that moment it glowed very brightly, and in that instant she wrote the message that Doctor Wilson Paget preserved. And then the other shadows and the cloud of evil spirits about him had thrust Mr. Bessel away from her, and for all the rest of the seance he could regain her no more.

So he went back and watched through the long hours at the bottom of the shaft where the evil spirit lay in the stolen body it had maimed, writhing and cursing, and weeping and groaning, and learning the lesson of pain. And towards dawn the thing he had waited for happened, the brain glowed brightly and the evil spirit came out, and Mr. Bessel entered the body he had feared he should never enter again. As he did so, the silence—the brooding silence—ended; he heard the tumult of traffic and the voices of people overhead, and that strange world that is the shadow of our world—the dark and silent shadows of ineffectual desire and the shadows of lost men—vanished clean away.

He lay there for the space of about three hours before he was found. And in spite of the pain and suffering of his wounds, and of the dim damp place in which he lay; in spite of the tears—wrung from him by his physical distress—his heart was full of gladness to know that he was nevertheless back once more in the kindly world of men.

title: The Stolen Body


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 Canadian Alpine Journal I, 2, p110.jpg GENERAL VIEW OF VICTORIA GLACIER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES


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 Canadian Alpine Journal I, 2, p113.jpg A. O. Wheeler. Photo GENERAL VIEW OF THE WENKCHEMNA GLACIER

A PIEDMONT TYPE

Note the peculiar form of the glacier, the very general débris covering and the scanty snow supply of the component streams.


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 Canadian Alpine Journal I, 2, p126.jpg W. H. Sherzer, Photo. 1904 OLDER OF THE TWO "BEAR-DEN" MORAINES, VICTORIA GLACIER, CANADIAN ROCKIES

The coarse character of the blocks and the lack of filling material are believed to have resulted from the loading of the ancient glacier by means of an earthquake shock.


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ILLUSTRATION NO 1 PANORAMA OF YOHO GLACIER FROM NORTH END OF BASE


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 ROPING-UP ON ABERDEEN

THE PERILS OF SENTINEL PASS


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Page:Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There.djvu/86

were standing under a tree, each with an arm round the other's neck, and Alice knew which was which in a moment, because one of them had 'DUM' embroidered on his collar, and the other 'DEE.' "I suppose they've each got 'TWEEDLE' round at the back of the collar," she said to herself.

They stood so still that she quite forgot they were alive, and she was just looking round to see if the word 'TWEEDLE' was written at the back of each collar, when she was startled by a voice coming from the one marked 'DUM.'


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Rh

"If you think we're wax-works," he said, "you ought to pay, you know. Wax-works weren't made to be looked at for nothing. Nohow!"

"Contrariwise," added the one marked 'DEE.' "if you think we're alive, you ought to speak."

"I'm sure I'm very sorry," was all Alice could say; for the words of the old song kept ringing through her head like the ticking of a clock, and she could hardly help saying them out loud:—


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68

"I know what you're thinking about," said Tweedledum: "but it isn't so, nohow."

"Contrariwise," continued Tweedledee, "if it was so, it might be; and if it were so, it would be: but as it isn't, it ain't. That's logic."

"I was thinking," Alice said very politely, "which is the best way out of this wood: it's getting so dark. Would you tell me, please?"

But the fat little men only looked at each other and grinned.

They looked so exactly like a couple of great


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Rh schoolboys, that Alice couldn't help pointing her finger at Tweedledum, and saying "First Boy!"

"Nohow!" Tweedledum cried out briskly, and shut his mouth up again with a snap.

"Next Boy!" said Alice, passing on to Tweedledee, though she felt quite certain he would only shout out "Contrariwise!" and so he did.

"You've begun wrong!" cried Tweedledum. "The first thing in a visit is to say 'How d'ye do?' and shake hands!" And here the two brothers gave each other a hug, and then they held out the two hands that were free, to shake hands with her.

Alice did not like shaking hands with either of them first, for fear of hurting the other one's feelings; so, as the best way out of the difficulty, she took hold of both hands at once: the next moment they were dancing round in a ring. This seemed quite natural (she remembered afterwards), and she was not even surprised to hear music playing: it seemed to come from the tree


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THE EMPEROR FELT AS IF SOMEONE WAS SITTING ON HIS CHEST. HE OPENED HIS EYES AND THEN HE SAW IT WAS DEATH.


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 IT WAS MISTRESS TOOTHACHE, HER TERRIBLE HIGHNESS! ... I FELT AS IF A RED HOT AWL PASSED THROUGH MY CHEEKBONE.


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 THE MAIDS OF HONOR WERE SO TAKEN UP WITH COUNTING THE KISSES THAT THEY DID NOT NOTICE THE EMPEROR.


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 THE PRINCES WERE TURNED INTO ELEVEN BEAUTIFUL WILD SWANS.


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 "THANK YOU FOR THE TIN SOLDIER, MY LITTLE FRIEND!" SAID THE OLD MAN, "AND THANKS FOR COMING TO SEE ME."


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Help talk:Transclusion

Header
Header parameter? VadimVMog (talk) 06:18, 18 August 2012 (UTC)
 * ✅ done. Chris55 (talk) 11:38, 18 August 2012 (UTC)

Labeled Section Transclusion markup
I see that section transclusion in Wikisource is using a different markup than the default Extension:Labeled Section Transclusion, with things like  and. How were these introduced? Installing Labeled Section Transclusion and Extension:Proofread Page doesn't produce this behavior, and I've looked through the extension list for Wikisource and don't see any likely candidates. Thanks! ~ Michael Chidester (talk) 02:36, 13 May 2013 (UTC)
 * It's a gadget. See Scriptorium/Archives/2010-11. Beeswaxcandle (talk) 02:49, 13 May 2013 (UTC)

Table of contents?
It looks like transcluding from the Page namespace fails to produce a Mediawiki table of contents. Here is a test case at User:Jerome Charles Potts/draft/test ; if you examine the source HTML, you can search for the various <h (2, 3, 4) tags ; there are enough of them to, i believe, normally produce a TOC. I added the "magic word", but that too failed. Is this a bug, or a feature ? --Jerome Charles Potts (talk) 02:46, 17 January 2016 (UTC)
 * This is correct behaviour. Works mostly come with their own TOC and we don't want the Mediawiki one as well. If a work doesn't have a TOC and it would be useful, then we use AuxTOC. Beeswaxcandle (talk) 03:21, 17 January 2016 (UTC)
 * Thank you much for the answer. I think that i deplore this feature, as i suppose that a would solve the "problem". --Jerome Charles Potts (talk) 07:26, 17 January 2016 (UTC)
 * we are also reproducing a work, not updating it to our version of what we think that it should be. That said, we do have means to add ToC through use of templates see Category:TOC templates. These would be added to the Notes section, and often link to various components. Quite useful for adding to Indexes when we want to get to specific letters. So while we would not do ToC for all works, if you can present a case for a specific work, then we always happy to see how that will aid navigation, etc. To also note that many 19thC works have chapter ToC as part of their design, do feel that you can add anchors to those, though I haven't seen that approach widely taken. — billinghurst  sDrewth  01:53, 18 January 2016 (UTC)

Syntax
The instructions read, in part:
 * "file name.djvu" is replaced with the exact name of the Index you are working with.
 * The number after the slash (/) following the file name of the first page you wish to transclude is "x".
 * The number after the slash (/) following the file name of the final page you wish to transclude is "y".

Should this not be:
 * "file name.djvu" is replaced with the exact name of the Index you are working with.
 * The number after the equals sign (=) following the file name of the first page you wish to transclude is "x".
 * The number after the equals sign (=) following the file name of the final page you wish to transclude is "y".

? Laura1822 (talk) 11:37, 3 November 2016 (UTC)

 * It means that for something like Page:A biographical dictionary of eminent Scotsmen, vol 1.djvu/84 that it is "84", so after the forward slash. — billinghurst  sDrewth  11:40, 3 November 2016 (UTC)
 * I see now, thank you! But obviously, that wasn't clear to me before.  Laura1822 (talk) 12:55, 3 November 2016 (UTC)

Dealing with a new paragraph at the begin of a page
When transcluding pages, it automatically adds a space between the last letter of a page and the first letter of the next page and continue as one paragraph. If a paragraph ends at a page and a new one starts on the next page, how to transclude them correctly in the main namespace? Even the exampled work (The Wind in the Willows (1913)) has that problem. Page 126 is a new paragraph but it goes into the previous paragraph in the transclusion page. Any trick to force a new paragraph? Vinhtantran (talk) 07:02, 20 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Nevermind. I found template nop, and corrected the mentioned page as well. Vinhtantran (talk) 07:07, 20 December 2018 (UTC)

Transcluding within a page
I'm working on legislative projects, and within the Social Security Act 2018, it has a table of contents at the beginning, and then throughout the document at each "Part", it repeats parts of the table of contents that are relevant to that part, i.e. Page:Social_Security_Act_2018.pdf/23, so instead of repeating the table of contents throughout this vast document, I wanted to create sections around parts of the table of contents. Unfortunately, transclusion doesn't seem to work on one page from another page.

Is there a work-around I could use? If this were just a static document, then just repeating the TOC would be fine, but legislation is a living document, it gets amended, repealed, and generally changed many many times. So making things easier now by having the sub-TOC sections auto-update with the first will save time and edits.Supertrinko (talk) 21:09, 27 August 2020 (UTC)

 * We capture legislation at a point in time, rather than continually update a file. Each amendment should be on its own page. Thus, treat this as a static document. Beeswaxcandle (talk) 06:06, 28 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes, don't worry, each amendment will be added as its own document and the act I referenced is the original. However, when amendments are included, new versions of legislation are printed, so I'd still like the ability to transclude in the method I've asked about when I get to that stage. Each document will remain static, but cross-transclusion like this will be incredibly useful. Supertrinko (talk) 02:03, 29 August 2020 (UTC)

Sub-page linking
Hi, if we're using transclusion, can we still use ../Subpage style links? These seem to work on the transcluded page, but then on the Page:, it's a red link as it's trying to link to a sister page.

As an example, I've got a link on Page:Pensions_Act_1856.pdf/1 labelled Schedule A, it works perfectly fine on Pensions Act 1856/Section 2 because Pensions Act 1856/Schedule A is a sister of it.

Is this just not a feature we can use if we want to transclude pages? I'm perfectly fine to avoid its use, just seeing if there's a way to make it work that I haven't thought of, as "../" is certainly more convenient. Thanks! Supertrinko (talk) 21:27, 2 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Solved this problem by adjusting how I use templates and Supertrinko (talk) 02:55, 17 September 2020 (UTC)

 * You cannot use relative links in this way, because in the Page namespace, the page has no idea where it's going to appear in the end. It could even appear multiple times (e.g. every page using  and   is transcluded twice).
 * It is very annoying when doing TOCs, but there may be hope on the horizon with some ProofreadPage wizardry. For now, sadly, just use absolute links. Inductiveload— talk/contribs 12:26, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Agreed, just straight using relative links was broken and ugly, which is why I created LinkedTOC row 1-1-1, which generates the links differently for the Page namespace than for the mainspace. Supertrinko (talk) 20:26, 30 September 2021 (UTC)

Is there a way to use magic words when declaring what index to transclude?
I've got Index:Social Security Act 2018.pdf, and over at Social Security Act 2018/Section 1, I'm transcluding part of it using:

Is there a way to make something like this work?

Currently these just returns: "Error: No such index"

I even tried creating the tiniest template 2str to combine two strings like:

No luck (feel free to delete that template, I don't think I can.)

Seems magic words might resolve after the page index runs?

Just means when going and updating different versions of the same section, it'll be easier because it's one less thing to update. Supertrinko (talk) 02:55, 17 September 2020 (UTC)

 * @Supertrinko: No, that won't work. And it's not desirable in general either, since the Index: usually has a different name than the page it is transcluded on. If you have a specific work with a lot of subpages we can investigate other ways to lighten the load (bot creation etc.). Xover (talk) 11:59, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

 * In this specific case, I'd suggest transcluding onto the handful of pages /Part 1, /Part 2, etc, rather than into 400 sections of a few paragraphs or less each. Then do the linking to sections within that page using anchor and friends. Inductiveload— talk/contribs 12:23, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

 * It's very much a standardised way of formatting legislation to have separate pages for each section. Creating the 400 pages isn't the challenging part as each page is a minor variation of the last and could probably be automated. Supertrinko (talk) 20:14, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
 * It might be "standardised" when the legislation itself is being pulled out of a properly structured database like https://legislation.govt.nz does (note that they also provide an all-in-one version here, because that comes for free when you have a dynamic data-driven website), but I'm unsure of the actual benefit of splitting up that much at Wikisource other than making absolutely certain that all maintenance must be done with bots. Sectional linking can be done with anchors, and it doesn't mean a reader has to load and flip between 400 separate pages.
 * But then again, shoehorning legislation into Wikitext at WS will pretty much always be a worse UX than a website designed for the purpose, so I guess it's all just degrees of badness. Inductiveload— talk/contribs 21:20, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

Yes, there is a way to leverage transclusion using magic words, it is the standard way that I do it, especially where I have subpages and sections to transclude, this is the simple model. BUT BUT BUT as Inductiveload says, please please please do not go to so many subpage, it is just but ugly on the web AND when we do Wikidata links, it firstly become more ugly for little benefit, but it is often better to add legislation by the major sections as they are more holistic and match subjects; well at least with Australian legislation that I read, so guess is similar with NZ. I think major chunks is good, and bite-size junks is bad. — billinghurst  sDrewth  16:03, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Major part of the work this way is in the initial planning and design. I have explained my black magic before though cannot remember where it was as it was a while ago. — billinghurst  sDrewth  16:08, 30 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks! That's a fantastic way of using magic words with transclusion, I'll be sure to make use of it! Supertrinko (talk) 20:26, 30 September 2021 (UTC)

If this conversation should be elsewhere, please feel free to move it.

Regarding creating pages for sections vs pages for parts, it was just the most logical conclusion I came to. Amongst NZ legislation (and most common law legislation), not all acts are split into parts or sub-parts. But all are split into sections, so that seems to be the only consistent way of breaking up the legislation into smaller parts. Sections are also the most recognisable sub-division of a legislative instrument.

I think consistency is incredibly important for legislation on Wikidata. If every legislative instrument is different even within one jurisdiction, it becomes harder to read and harder to use.

Another benefit of this consistency would be predictable links i.e. wikisource.org/wiki/[Legislation Name]/Section_[No.]

That means that you can create links to legislation that haven't even started to be uploaded onto Wikisource because all the page names are completely predictable (There are ways to hide broken links, or we might like to leave them broken to encourage the leg to be added). Once you know how wikisource arranges legislation, there's never a need to find out the link to a page because you can just infer it.

Regarding the individual pages, I don't think they look "ugly" at all. I think Social Security Act 2018 (Version 56)/Section 8 is a really neat way of presenting that section. Most sections are self contained anyway, so generally you're not looking at two sections together. You click your link to your section and there's everything you need, what could be ugly about that?

Regarding holistics, Of the acts that are split into parts (Such as the one I'm linking to), yes, they are arranged such that similar and related sections are grouped together. However still, they are generally grouped together for the purposes of easy navigation. It's not so common to need to read so many sections at the same time. And with the Social Security Act 2018 (Version 56)/Part 1 page, it's barely an inconvenience.

A reader will never need to flip between 400 pages, you don't read entire legislative documents, you read the sections you need. But if they do, the fantastic thing with transclusion is you can do something like this: Pensions Act 1849/Whole vs Pensions Act 1849/Section 2. Only recommended for smaller acts.

Regarding Wikidata, it shouldn't make things particularly complex. Sections again are an easily predictable way of breaking up an act into items. Example: Section 8 would be Part of (P361) its parent act.

However, as Inductiveload pointed out, it will inevitably mean bot work. This however is why I asked for Billinghurst's solution on magic words, Ideally once these pages are created, any maintenance on them should be exceptionally rare. Legislation is exceptionally large and I think either way it's something that should be supported by bots.

So upon further consideration, I still think pages per section is the best way to go, but I'm interested in your thoughts. I've been convinced to change my mind plenty of times before here on wikisource. Supertrinko (talk) 20:26, 30 September 2021 (UTC)

 * This is not the best place to discuss legislation transclusion, so I will keep it short. As a user of legislation in real life, I prefer reading by division or part, though that is me, reading by section irritates me as a reader.  Yes, the courts hear cases based on breaches of sections, but we are not that legal publisher. I can cope with scrolling down a page. But that could just be me. — billinghurst  sDrewth  00:56, 1 October 2021 (UTC)

are my sidebar shortcuts or toolbar shortcuts that I press when I am transcluding works. Having these available through templatescript just makes life so much easier. The best bit is that you don't need to wrap inside quotes as the elements presume that to be the case, which is why you will see me just transcluding this way rather than using <pages>.

Subst'ing ref is useful when you have other subst: inside it or when you need to add name of follow, as it just becomes adn if you are subst;'ing other tings inside the ref, then it just works. If you have lots of complex template code then you get a forest of curly brackets which can be an issue. — billinghurst  sDrewth  00:56, 1 October 2021 (UTC)

Is there a page name (page title) case (capitalization) preference?
Fish bowl (talk) 05:49, 29 July 2022 (UTC)
 * 1) A Dictionary Of The Qawsedrftgy Language
 * 2) A Dictionary of the Qawsedrftgy Language
 * 3) A dictionary of the Qawsedrftgy language

 * See Style guide. (Leaving this here for anyone else who is looking in the wrong place.) Fish bowl (talk) 05:58, 29 July 2022 (UTC)

How to force removing (and on the opposite, force showing) the banners mentioned file names?
I think this thing shall be controlled by some functions, otherwise such banners may be ugly occur. Liuxinyu970226 (talk) 23:18, 29 June 2023 (UTC)

Problem on fa.wiki
Recently when we do transclusion on fa.wikisource we don't see numbers of pages as before. Can anyone help us? it used to work but right now even books which we transcluded before don't show the page numbers. So we can't click on them and go to the corresponding part of the book. Yousef (talk) 17:32, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

 * @Yoosef Pooranvary: Page numbers (and dynamic layouts) on faWS are provided by s:fa:MediaWiki:PageNumbers.js (which is hard-loaded from Common.js), added by in 2017 and untouched since. The problem is most likely the check in line 174 (and 77) that references  . This config variable was changed last year, so the script now needs to reference   instead. You'll need an Interface administrator to edit the script for you, and since you don't appear to have any on faWS you'll need to ask the Stewards at SRM.Alternately, it appears as if faWP has some Interface admins. faWS appears to have a lot of outdated and unmaintained javascript, including multiple Gadgets that will not even load due to having not been converted to ResourceLoader(!). It would not be a bad idea to ask the Interface admins on faWP whether any of them might be willing to help out with cleaning up and maintaining the javascript of faWS. Perhaps  (who is an Interface admin on faWP) would be willing to help you find the right place to contact them? If any are willing to help you'll need a discussion demonstrating community consensus to add the right to that person's account, and then make a Steward request to actually add that permission.I'd also be happy to help with this, but as I don't speak Persian I probably wouldn't do you much good. But if you manage to persuade one of the faWP admins to take this on, I can try to answer any Wikisource-specific technical questions they might have (or find someone who can). Xover (talk) 20:35, 3 December 2023 (UTC)
 * @Xover @Yoosef Pooranvary Hi, I'm a global interface admin. I can take a look! Give me a bit. Ladsgroup (talk) 21:21, 3 December 2023 (UTC)
 * @Xover Thank you for your thorough explanation. Ladsgroup is following up the issue. Yousef (talk) 22:33, 3 December 2023 (UTC)

Help on Error: No such index
Can someone help with the error on the page https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Notes_on_H.A._Bethe%27s_%22Theory_of_armor_penetration%22._1._Static_penetration. Index is here https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:Notes_on_HA_Bethe%27s%22_Theory_of_Armor_Penetration%22_1._Static_Penetration.pdf. Its very confusing. Sunlitsky (talk) 16:27, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

 * @Sunlitsky: The problem is the quotation marks as part of the file name, they're really hard to use with the Proofread Page system (long story, technical stuff). If you like I can move the file to a different name for you? Xover (talk) 18:10, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * PS. Inside the wiki, you can make links to other pages on the wiki using the syntax . For historical reasons, there's a special trick that needs to be used when you link to a file description page (the ones that start with "File:"): insert a colon at the very beginning like this  . Otherwise MediaWiki will try to display a thumbnail of the file instead of just linking to it (yes, this is very confusing, but it's too hard to change it now). For the two pages above that would end up like: Index:Notes on HA Bethe's" Theory of Armor Penetration" 1. Static Penetration.pdf and File:Notes on HA Bethe's" Theory of Armor Penetration" 1. Static Penetration.pdf. English Wikipedia has a pretty decent help page about this at w:Help:Link (the "w:" is an "interwiki prefix"; it means the rest of the link refers to something on Wikipedia, instead of locally here on Wikisource). Xover (talk) 18:17, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

 * Yes, please move the file to a different name.thanks.Sunlitsky (talk) 20:13, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * @Sunlitsky: ✅ Xover (talk) 22:11, 19 March 2024 (UTC)
 * ThanksSunlitsky (talk) 23:10, 19 March 2024 (UTC)

How to fix the error:Invalid interval
How do i fix the error: invalid interval in the page https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Index:THEORY_OF_SHOCK_WAVES_AND_INTRODUCTION_TO_GAS_DYNAMICS.pdf to be used in https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Theory_of_shock_waves_and_introduction_to_gas_dynamics. Sunlitsky (talk) 14:13, 28 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I do not see any such error. --EncycloPetey (talk) 22:03, 28 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Help talk:Transclusion


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title: User talk:CSteipp (WMF)


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 Ground Plan of the Vatican.—From Pistolesi's "Il Vaticano Descritto ed Illustrato."


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