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Third, that the three nations shall combine their efforts in the common struggle against colonialism and imperialism in all their forms and manifestations and for the eradication of the vestiges thereof in the region in particular and the world in general;

Fourth, that the three nations, as new emerging forces in the region, shall cooperate in building a new and better world based on national freedom, social justice and lasting peace; and

Fifth, that in the context of the joint endeavours of the three nations to achieve the foregoing objectives, they have agreed to take initial steps towards the establishment of Mapilindo by holding frequent and regular consultations at all levels to be known as Mushawarah Mapilindo.

(Signed) President of the Republic of Indonesia

(Signed) Diosdado President of the Philippines

(Signed) Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya


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 "'YOU SHA'N'T LEAVE THIS SPOT UNTIL YOU GIVE UP THAT DEER, AND THAT S ALL THERE IS TO IT!'"

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Translation:Shulchan Aruch/Orach Chaim/527

The Laws of Eruv Tavshilin

דיני ערוב תבשילין

Paragraph 1 - If a holiday falls on Friday, one should not cook something for Shabbat in its own pot. One can cook many pots for the holiday and if he makes too much, the leftovers are for Shabbat. Using an eruv, one can cook for Shabbat. (Meaning that the point of the eruv is so that one can cook and bake on a holiday for Shabbat along with what was already baked or cooked for Shabbat before the holiday, so that he is not starting the work on the holiday but is just finishing it.) Rem"a: It is permitted to make the eruv even at twilight (Mordechai at the end of Chapter "Bameh Madlikin").

סעיף א - יום טוב שחל להיות בערב שבת לא יבשל בתחלה לצרך שבת בקדרה בפני עצמה, אבל מבשל הוא כמה קדרות ליום טוב ואם הותיר הותיר לשבת, ועל ידי ערוב מבשל בתחלה לשבת. (פרוש, ענין הערוב הוא שיבשל ויאפה מיום טוב לשבת עם מה שבשל ואפה כבר מערב יום טוב לשם שבת, ונמצא שלא התחיל מלאכה ביום טוב אלא גמר אותה.) הגה: ומתר להניח ערוב זה אפלו ספק חשכה (מרדכי סוף פרק במה מדליקין).

Paragraph 2 - This eruv consists of bread and a cooked item. If one only made it using a cooked item, it is permitted.

סעיף ב - ערוב זה עושין אותו בפת ותבשיל, ואם לא עשאו אלא מתבשיל לבד מתר.

Paragraph 3 - The cooked item must be a kezayit, whether [the eruv] is for one person or for a thousand, at all points of its existence. Rem"a: Some require the bread to be a kebeitzah (Yerushalmi) and such is the practice, a priori.

סעיף ג - שעור תשביל זה כזית, בין לאחד בין לאלפים, בין בתחלתו בין בסופו. הגה: ויש מצריכין לכתחלה בפת כביצה (ירושלמי) וכן נוהגין לכתחלה.

Paragraph 4 - The cooked item must be something that accompanies bread - not barley.

סעיף ד - צריך שיהא תבשיל זה דבר שהוא ראוי ללפת בו את הפת לאפוקי דיסא.

Paragraph 5 - The cooked item can be roasted, stewed, pickled or smoked. It can even be the small fish that are prepared by putting them in hot water and this is how they are cooked - one can rely on them. It can be cooked apples (the same goes for other cooked fruits) or small fish that were boiled.

סעיף ה - תבשיל זה שאמרו, אפלו צלי, אפלו שלוק, אפלו כבוש או מעשן, אפלו מין דגים קטנים שהדיחן במים חמים והדחתן הוא בשולן לאכילה הרי זה סומך עליהם. וכן סומך על תפוחים מבשלים (והוא הדין שאר פרות מבשלים) ועל דגים קטנים שבשלן.

Paragraph 6 - One can rely upon lentils that are at the bottom of the pot before the holday, or fat stuck to the knife that is scraped off, as long as it is a kezayit.

סעיף ו - סומך מערב יום טוב אפלו על עדשים שבשולי קדרה, וכן על שמנונית שנדבק בסכין וגררו, והוא שיהא בו כזית.

Paragraph 7 - It is incumbent one everyone to make an eruv. It is incumbent on the leader of the city to make an eruv for his townspeople so that those who forgot to make an eruv, those who were forced not to, and those who made an eruv and lost it can rely on his. (This is also the case for ignoramuses who do not know who to make an eruv) (Or Zarua). However, one who can make an eruv and didn't make an eruv but rather wanted to depend on the leader's eruv is called a sinner and cannot rely on it.

סעיף ז - מצוה על כל אדם לערב, ומצוה על כל גדול העיר לערב על כל בני עירו כדי שיסמך עליו מי ששכח או נאנס או שהניח ערוב ואבד (והוא הדין עם הארץ שאינו יודע לערב) (אור זרוע). אבל מי שאפשר לערב ולא ערב אלא שרוצה לסמוך על ערובו של גדול העיר, נקרא פושע ואינו יוצא בו.

Paragraph 8 - When one makes an eruv for others, he need not specify. Rather, he can make it generally for all the residents of the town, and all who live within the techum of the town can rely on it. Rem"a: However, somebody outside of the techum cannot rely on it, even if he made an eruv techumin and can enter [the town], unless the maker of the eruv mentioned him explicitly (the Magid chapter 6).

סעיף ח - כשמערב על אחרים אינו צריך לפרט, אלא מניח בכלל על כל בני העיר וכל מי שהוא בתחום העיר יוצא בו. הגה: אבל מי שהוא חוץ לתחום אינו יוצא בו אפלו הניח ערוב תחומין ויכול לבא לכאן, אלא אם כן התנה עליו המניח בהדיא (המגיד פרק ו').

Paragraph 9 - The maker of the eruv must intend to exempt others, but he who is the beneficiary of the eruv does not need to intend such when the eruv is made. He [the eruv maker] should tell him on the holiday before starting to cook for Shabbat. Rem"a: If the leader generally makes an eruv for everybody, we rely on it by default (Ra"n chapter 2).

סעיף ט - דעת מניח בעינן שיכון להוציא לאחר, אבל דעת מי שהניחו בשבילו לא בעינן בשעת הנחה, רק שיוידיעוהו ביום טוב קדם שיתחיל לבשל לצרך השבת. הגה: ואם דרך הגדול להניח עליהם, סומכין עליו מסתמא (ר"ן פרק ב').

Paragraph 10 - One who makes an eruv for others must transfer possession to them using a [symbolic] person. Everybody who can be used for a Shabbat eruv can be used for an eruv tavshilin, and everybody who cannot be used for that eruv cannot be used for this eruv. (And see above chapter 366).

סעיף י - המערב לאחרים צריך לזכות להם על ידי אחר. וכל מי שמזכים על ידו בערובי שבת, מזכין על ידו בערובי תבשילין, וכל מי שאין מזכין על ידו באותו ערוב, אין מזכין על ידו בזה. (ועין לעיל סימן שס"ו.)

Paragraph 11 - The one who receives the eruv must lift it off of the ground a tefach.

סעיף יא - צריך הזוכה להגביה הערוב מן הקרקע טפח.

Paragraph 12 - [The maker of the eruv] then takes the eruv from he who received it and blesses "...on the commandment of eruv." He then says "With this it will be permitted to bake, cook, insulate, light lamps, and do all that is needed for Shabbat on the holiday, for us and for X and for Y" or "for all the residents of this city." Rem"a: And one who doesn't know the holy language can say it in the vernacular that he understands (the Mahari"l).

סעיף יב - חוזר ונוטל מיד הזוכה ומברך על מצות ערוב, ואומר בדין יהא שרא לן לאפויי ולבשולי ולאטמוני ולאדלוקי שרגא ולמעבד כל צרכנא מיום טוב לשבת, לנא ולפלוני ולפלוני, או לכל בני העיר הזאת. הגה: ומי שאינו יודע בלשון הקדש יוכל לאמרו בלשון לע"ז שמבין (מהרי"ל).

Paragraph 13 - Even with an eruv, one cannot cook on the first day of the holiday for Shabbat.

סעיף יג - אף על פי שהניח ערוב אינו יכול לבשל מיום טוב ראשון לשבת.

Paragraph 14 - If one made the eruv with the intention of relying on it as long as it exists, even on a different holiday, he should a priori not rely on it on a different holiday, but after the fact, he can rely on it.

סעיף יד - אם הניח הערוב על דעת לסמך עליו כל זמן שיהיה קים אפלו ליום טוב אחר, לכתחלה לא יסמך עליו ליום טוב אחר, אבל בדיעבד יכול לסמך עליו.

Paragraph 15 - If the eruv was eaten or lost before one cooked for Shabbat, he cannot cook unless a kezayit remains.

סעיף טו - נאכל הערוב או שאבד קדם שבשל לשבת, אינו יכול לבשל אלא אם כן נשתיר ממנו כזית.

Paragraph 16 - After preparing for Shabbat, he can eat it.

סעיף טז - לאחר שהכין צרכי שבת יכול לאכלו.

Paragraph 17 - If one started making dough and then the eruv was eaten, he can finish that dough. It is also the case that if one started to cook, he can finish the dish he started.

סעיף יז - התחיל בעסתו ונאכל הערוב, גומר אותה עסה. והוא הדין אם התחיל לבשל, שגומר אותו התבשיל שהתחיל.

Paragraph 18 - If one baked but did not cook or cooked but did not bake and then the eruv was eaten or lost, what he legally made, even if it was intended for the holiday, can be left for Shabbat. He can then cook more food for the holiday.

סעיף יח - אפה ולא בשל או בשל ולא אפה ונאכל הערוב או אבד, מה שנעשה בהתר אפלו נתכון בו לצרך יום טוב יכול הוא להניחו לשבת ולבשל מכאן ואילך ליום טוב.

Paragraph 19 - One who didn't make an eruv is allowed to light the Shabbat candle. There are some who forbid this.

סעיף יט - מי שלא ערב מתר להדליק נר של שבת, ויש אוסרים.

Paragraph 20 - If one did not make an eruv, just as it is forbidden for him to cook for himself, it is also forbidden for him to cook for others, even in their houses. Others are also forbidden to cook for him. The only solution is for him to give his flour and cooked things as a gift to others with an eruv. They can then bake and cook and give it to him. They can even cook in his house. If there are no others with an eruv, some say that he is permitted to minimally bake one loaf, cook one dish, and light one candle. Rem"a: If he made an eruv but did not specify the labors explicitly, just saying "With this it will be permitted for us to do all needed things," he is like somebody who made no eruv (Or Zarua). Somebody fasting on a holiday is forbidden to cook for others even for that day, because he is likened to somebody who made no eruv and is forbidden to cook for others (Mahar"i Weil).

סעיף כ - מי שלא ערב, כשם שאסור לבשל לעצמו כך אסור לבשל לאחרים ואפלו בביתם, וגם אחרים אסורים לבשל לו. ואין לו תקנה אלא שיתן קמחו ותבשילו לאחרים שערבו במתנה והם אופין ומבשלים ונותנים לו, ואפלו בביתו יכולים לבשל. ואם אין שם אחרים שערבו, יש אומרים שמתר לאפות בצמצום פת אחד ולבשל קדרה אחת ולהדליק נר אחת. הגה: ''ואם הניח ערוב ולא הזכיר המלאכות בהדיא אלא אמר בדין יהא שרי לן למעבד כל צרכנא, הוי כמי שלא ערב כלל (אור זרוע). ומי שמתענה ביום טוב, אסור לבשל לאחרים אפלו לצרך בו ביום, דהוי כמי שלא הניח ערוב שאינו מבשל לאחרים (מהר"י ווייל).''

Paragraph 21 - If one realized that he did not make an eruv before the morning meal, he can cook a lot in one pot and the leftovers will be for Shabbat. Rem"a: He can also go during the day into a room with a lit candle to look for something and leave it lit until night (Tur). There are some who permit even cooking in many pots, because it is before eating. This only holds when one eats from each one [that day].

סעיף כא - אם נזכר שלא ערב קדם סעודת שחרית יבשל הרבה בקדרה אחת ויותיר לשבת. הגה: והוא הדין שיוכל לילך מבעוד יום לחדר בנר דלוק לחפש איזה דבר, ויניחנו דולק עד הלילה (טור). ויש אומרים דאפלו לבשל כמה קדרות מתר כיון שקדם אכילה הוא, והוא שיאכל מכל אחד ואחד.

Paragraph 22 - If one realized that he didn't make an eruv on the first day of the holiday and it is Rosh Hashana, he cannot make an eruv on condition. However, if it is a Diasporean holiday, he can make an eruv on a condition: If today is holy, I do not need an eruv, and if today is a weekday, with this eruv it will be permitted for us to bake and cook... The next day, he need not say anything. Some say that if he doesn't have anything that was cooked yesterday, his condition does not work.

סעיף כב - אם נזכר ביום טוב ראשון שלא ערב, אם הוא ביום טוב של ראש השנה אינו יכול לערב על תנאי. אבל אם הוא ביום טוב של גליות יכול לערב בתנאי, אם היום קדש איני צריך לערב, ואם היום חל בערוב זה יהא שרא לן לאפויי ולבשולי וכו', ולמחר אין צריך לומר כלום. ויש אומרים דאי לית ליה מידי דבשיל מאתמול לא מהני תנאו.

Paragraph 23 - If one sinned intentionally (or unintentionally) and cooked many dishes not for the sake of the holiday, he can eat them on Shabbat or a weekday.

סעיף כג - אם עבר במזיד (או בשוגג) ובשל כמה קדרות שלא לצרך יום טוב, מתר לאכלן בשבת או בחל.

Paragraph 24 - If one tried to circumvent the law by cooking two dishes for today and leaving one leftover for tomorrow, he is forbidden to eat it.

סעיף כד - אם הערים לבשל שתי קדרות לצרך היום והותיר אחת לצרך מחר, אסור לאכלה.

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The President of the Republic of Indonesia, the President of the Philippines, and the Prime Minister of the Federation of Malaya met at a Summit Conference in Manila from July 30 to August 5, 1963.

1. Moved by a sincere desire to solve their common problems in an atmosphere of fraternal understanding, they considered, approved and accepted the Report and Recommendations of the Foreign Ministers of the three countries adopted in Manila on June 11, 1963 (hereafter to be known as the Manila Accord).

2. In order to provide guiding principles for the implementation of the Manila Accord the Heads of Government have issued a declaration known as the Manila Declaration, embodying the common aspirations and objectives of the peoples and governments of the three countries.

3. As a result of the consultations amongst the three Heads of Government in accordance with the principles enunciated in the Manila Declaration, they have resolved various current problems of common concern.

4. Pursuant to paragraphs 10 and 11 of the Manila Accord the United Nations Secretary-General or his representative should ascertain prior to the establishment of the Federation of Malaysia the wishes of the people of Sabah (North Borneo) and Sarawak within the context of General Assembly Resolution 1541 (XV), Principle 9 of the Annex, by a fresh approach, which in the opinion of the Secretary-General is necessary to ensure complete compliance with the principle of self-determination within the requirements embodied in Principle 9, taking into consideration:


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5. The Secretary-General will be requested to send working teams to carry out the task set out in paragraph 4.

6. The Federation of Malaya, having undertaken to consult the British Government and the Governments of Sabah (North Borneo) and Sarawak under paragraph 11 of the Manila Accord on behalf of the three Heads of Government, further undertake to request them to cooperate with the Secretary-General and to extend to him the necessary facilities so as to enable him to carry out his task as set out in paragraph 4.

7. In the interest of the countries concerned, the three Heads of Government deem it desirable to send observers to witness the carrying out of the task to be undertaken by the working teams, and the Federation of Malaya will use its best endeavors to obtain the cooperation of the British Government and the Governments of Sabah (North Borneo) and Sarawak in furtherance of this purpose.

8. In accordance with paragraph 12 of the Manila Accord, the three Heads of Government decided to request the British Government to agree to seek a just and expeditious solution to the dispute between the British Government and the Philippine Government concerning Sabah (North Borneo) by means of negotiation, conciliation and arbitration, judicial settlement, or other peaceful means of the parties' own choice in conformity with the Charter of the United Nations. The three Heads of Government take cognizance of the position regarding the Philippine claim to Sabah (North Borneo) after the establishment of the Federation of Malaysia as provided under paragraph 12 of the Manila Accord, that is, that the inclusion of Sabah (North Borneo) in the Federation of Malaysia does not prejudice either the claim or any right thereunder.

9. Pursuant to paragraphs 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the Manila Accord and the Fifth Principle of the Manila Declaration, that is, the initial steps should be taken towards the establishment of Mapilindo by holding frequent and regular consultations at all levels to be known as Mushawarah Mapilindo, it is agreed that each country shall set up a National Secretariat for Mapilindo affairs and as a first step the respective National Secretariat will consult together with a view to coordinating and cooperating with each other in the study on the setting up of the necessary machinery for Mapilindo.


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 360 10. The three Heads of Government emphasized that the responsibility for the preservation of the national independence of the three countries and of the peace and security in their region lies primarily in the hands of the governments and the peoples of the countries concerned, and that the three governments undertake to have close consultations (mushawarah) among themselves on these matters.

11. The three Heads of Government further agreed that foreign bases—temporary in nature—should not be allowed to be used directly or in directly to subvert the national independence of any of the three countries. In accordance with the principle enunciated in the Bandung Declaration, the three countries will abstain from the use of arrangements of collective defence to serve the particular interests of any of the big powers.

12. President Sukarno and Prime Minister Abdul Rahman express their deep appreciation for the initiative taken by President Macapagal in calling the Summit Conference which, in addition to resolving their differences concerning the proposed Federation of Malaysia, resulted in paving the way for the establishment of Mapilindo. The three Heads of Government conclude this Conference, which has greatly strengthened the fraternal ties which bind their three countries and extended the scope of their cooperation and understanding, with renewed confidence that their governments and peoples will together make a significant contribution to the attainment of just and enduring peace, stability and prosperity in the region.


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'''Manila Accord. Signed at Manila, on 31 July 1963'''

'''Manila Declaration. Signed at Manila, on 3 August 1963'''

'''Joint Statement. Signed at Manila, on 5 August 1963'''

Official text: English.

Registered by the Philippines on 30 December 1965.


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United Nations Treaty Registered No. I-8029

Traités des Nations Unies registre n° I-8029


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text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Richardson, William Adams


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1. FROM THE FAR WEST, p. 1

Stanza 1. ‘the Never Never land.’ Or, the Never Never country—a phrase used to denote the more or less desert interior of Australia. Date of first use and origin unknown; but was employed in Queensland about 1860. Somewhat fantastically suggested that it signified the sun-smitten land whither pioneers journeyed and never, never returned.

Stanza 3. ‘piker.’ An old wild bullock or cow—so called from its ill-tempered habit of charging horsemen, as a piker? The lowered horns at the charge do suggest pike-heads.

Stanza 6. ‘the saltbush’ sickly shade.' Saltbush is the vernacular name of a salinous shrub of the order chenopodiaceae, which grows freely on the arid plains of central Australia, often where other vegetation is scarce or absent. There are many species, some of which are so eagerly eaten by sheep and cattle that they are fast disappearing. The plant's average height is from four to twelve feet, and most species throw little or no shade. Boake probably refers to atriplex vesicaria or halimoides.

2. JACK'S LAST MUSTER, p. 4.

Stanza 7. ‘That C O B gray one’ C O B was one of the cattle brands of Cobb and Co.—a pastoral and coaching firm whose name is familiar throughout the east Australian interior. In verse 16 Boake sounds the letters together as Cobb.

Stanza 9. ‘yellowtop.’ Vernacular for panicum flavidum, or yellow-flowered panick grass,' a valuable perennial grass found over a large area of interior eastern Australia.

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5. A VISION OUT WEST, p. 19.—Now first published. The title in MS. is ‘Westward the course of empire rolls.’

Stanza 9. ‘Mitchell grass.’ Vernacular for astrebla elymoides and other species of astrebla—a perennial grass common to interior eastern Australia. The seeds are carried in ears like small wheat ears, and were formerly used for food by the aborigines. ‘Mitchell’ is owed to Mitchell the explorer (1792-1855.)

6. JIM'S WHIP, p. 26.

Stanza 1. ‘sallee.’ Vernacular for one of the 300 or so Australian species of acacia. Wattle, yarran, mulga, brigalow, myall, &c., are other common names of some of them. These names seem applied almost indiscriminately to different species in different districts—one man's ‘yarran’ being another man's ‘myall,’ and so on—to the confusion of botanists. Boake possibly refers to acacia longifolia—a good-sized shrub or small tree.

8. A VALENTINE, p. 35.

Stanza 5. ‘lignum.’ This is the swamp lignum, or native broom (viminaria denudata). It is a soft-wooded shrub growing up to 20ft. high. Found throughout Australia. In ‘Fogarty's Gin,’ p. 53, it is again mentioned.

15. HOW POLLY PAID FOR HER KEEP, p. 67. A note by author was appended: ‘Where a mail road passes through a fence it is customary to dispense with a gate, a lane being built on either side of the opening instead, which goes by the name of a “break.”’

Stanza 17. ‘Carabost break.’ To Boake's note it may be added that from each extremity of the break or opening in the fence barriers (generally of brush)

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 are built for a short distance at right angles or otherwise, thus—

The object is to avoid the cost and trouble of a gate, while preventing the passage of sheep from one paddock to another. E.g., sheep feeding along the fence in the direction of the arrows above, and reaching the barrier, would be turned back into the centre of their own paddock. The lane is narrow—hence the need of clever steering (verse 26).

Stanza 27. ‘The change.’ The end of a coach-stage, where horses are changed.

21. ON THE BOUNDARY, p. 93.

Stanza 5. ‘The murmuring belar.’ The belar or bull-oak (casuarina glauca) is a ragged-looking tree, averaging 30 or 40 feet in height. Found all over eastern Australia. It resembles rather a pine than an oak, and the feathery foliage sways and murmurs as a pine's. The Linnaean name is derived from the likeness of this foliage to the drooping plumes of a cassowary.

24. JACK CORRIGAN, p. 106.

This ballad, like most by Boake, is founded on fact. ‘Locker's hill,’ ‘the Flat Rock,’ etc., are landmarks well known in the district around Rosedale station, previously referred to.

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 25. DOWN THE RIVER, p. 113. Notes by author were appended: Stanza 1. ‘the river’—the Murrumbidgee. Stanza 2. ‘where the rivers join’—the Snowy and Eucumbene rivers.

Stanza 2. ‘Buckley's crossing’—of the Snowy River, N.S.W. ‘Jindaboine,’ (properly Jindabyne) ‘Dry Plain,’ ‘Bolaro,’ are villages in the Monaro district.

Stanza 4. ‘jack-shay,’ a billycan or quart pot. ‘Mahonga,’ ‘Bluegong’ (properly Brookong), ‘Grubben,’ and ‘Pullitop’ are well- known Riverina stations.

Stanza 6. ‘old Bobby Rand.’ An eccentric Riverina squatter, not long dead, and formerly owner of Mahonga station and others.

27. ON THE RANGE, p. 122.

This poem records an actual occurrence. ‘Young Charlie Mac’ was Charles McKeahnie, son of Mr. Alex. McKeahnie, of Rosedale, previously referred to. He was killed in 1895 through a horse falling with him.

‘To the warrigal fancied by young Charlie Mac.’ ‘Warrigal’—a term drawn from an aboriginal dialect—is still applied to a wild horse in some districts of New South Wales; though ‘brumby’ seems to be superseding it.

‘muzzle-wood.’ This is eucalyptus stellulata, a tree which in the Monaro district usually grows to a height of from 12 to 20 feet. In the early days the wood was often used to make muzzles for young ca’ves—whence the name.

29. FEATHERSTONHAUGH, p. 132.

It was about 1870 that a party of four young desperadoes, consisting of ‘Bluecap,’ ‘Dick the Devil,’ and others, held the north bank of the Murrumbidgee for some time. Bluecap appeared to adopt the Claude du Val style. All the stations up and down the river were stuck up. The ladies

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 were asked to play and sing, and report goes that one rather high and mighty ‘squattah’ was forced to cook mutton chops for them. The police managed to capture two of them; and later on the other two, after a stand-up fight with Mr. Waller, of Kooba station, and some police, had to leave their horses and swim the Murrumbidgee River. They made their way to Argon, an outstation of Tubbo, where they got firearms and horses. They then headed for the mountains, via Yamma and Boree Creek. On their way, a man named Hammond joined them, and the three turned up next at Claxton's accommodation house on Brookong. Thence they made for Brookong station, then owned by Hebden and Osbornes, and managed by C. Fetherstonhaugh.

It was shearing time, but there had been some rain, and no one was at work, and the sheep-washers were all up at the head station over some ‘barney’ that had occurred. Fetherstonhaugh was away when the bushrangers appeared on the scene, and rode up quite unconcernedly to find himself covered by the rifle of a man kneeling down, who called upon him to stand. He turned his mare round sharp, and the fellow (Hammond) fired and missed him. He rode away, but turned and came back, fearing the bushrangers might burn the house or ill-treat some one. They were very civil, and he had a long talk with Bluecap. Finally they cleared out with two of the station horses and about £30, telling Fetherstonhaugh that if he followed them or attempted to go for the police they would assuredly shoot him. The last thing they were heard to say was that they thought they would go and shoot ‘Old Rand.’

As soon as they left Fetherstonhaugh started to Urana and telegraphed all round, and then returned to a station near Urana and requested the men to turn out and see if they could not come on the bushrangers at Rand's, about 12 miles away. The proposition was not received with favour. It was by this time dark, and, having borrowed a single-

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 barrelled pistol, Fetherstonhaugh went off to see if he could come across the fellows, the idea being to get their horses if possible. He found no tracks on the road to Rand's station, nor had they visited his Urangeline station. He turned then for one of his own outstations, and, in riding up to an outstation of Rand's appropriately called ‘the flash hut,’ he saw one of the stolen horses hanging up. He was at once challenged and fired on, and in making tracks was pursued, while in all seven shots were fired at him, and he could hear the bullets singing. Knowing the country well, he made for the creek and got across all right, but the bushrangers attempted to cross on a dam that was broken in the centre, which break could not be seen from the bank, and Hammond was drowned. Bluecap was arrested some time after; and Duce, the third man, was also taken, but not before he had shot a trooper.

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To Australians, lovers of letters, the brief and thwarted life of Barcroft Boake must remain always a theme of regret. By education he was poorly equipped for poetry. He found his talent late, and early made an end. His small performance was completed in a period of scarcely more than a year. Dying by his own hand at the age of twenty-six, he achieved little of all that his capacity promised. Yet, had fortune favoured, this ill-starred idealist might easily have won recognition as one of the foremost poets of Australia.

For those who have learned to know him well, admiration of the poet may merge in admiration of the man. With many defects, Boake had no vices. From a hundred little sources flows evidence of his courage, of his generosity, of his unselfish affection, of his simplicity and worth. That shy, moody, dispirited bushman had a heart of gold—his mother's.

Boake's mother was a native of Adelaide, where she was born on 5th January, 1845. Her maiden name was Florence Eva Clarke. She was the only child of her parents; and at the time of her marriage on 7th March, 1865, she had been living with her

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170 mother in Sydney, having come thither from Adelaide on the death of her father several years previously. Her father, Henry Clarke, was by profession an accountant, and in many ways she resembled him. Her mother outlived her, and died on 8th August, 1894.

When Florence Clarke married she was twenty years old. She was then of a middle height, rather slender and delicate in appearance; with clear skin, large blue eyes, and beautiful golden-brown hair, long and silken. Her son Barcroft inherited her noticeable Jewish nose and keenly nervous temperament: in manhood he is described as ‘simply a hard masculine likeness of his mother.’

Barcroft Capel Boake, father of the poet, was born at Dublin, Ireland, on 12th November, 1838. His unusual name of Barcroft had been handed down in the family for generations; and came to him from his cousin and godfather, the Rev. Barcroft Boake, D.D., one-time incumbent of Holy Trinity Church, Balaclava, Melbourne. As a lad he gained some experience in photography; and when he emigrated to Australia at the age of twenty he found a profitable living in the business.

The young couple were married at St. John's Church, Darlinghurst, by the Rev. Edward Rogers. They commenced their life together at Vergemont Cottage, Waterview Bay, Balmain; where their first child, Barcroft Henry Thomas, the subject of this memoir, was born on 26th

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 March, 1866. As a boy he was in no way remarkable. A portrait of him at the age of five shows a smiling, sweet-faced child beside a sweet-faced, smiling mother—the resemblance in feature and expression being then, however, less distinct than it was later.

Shortly after Barcroft's birth the home was shifted to No. 330, George-street, Sydney, where his father for long had a photographic studio. Here the family lived two years, removing then to a house

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 purchased at Lavender Bay, on the North Shore of Sydney harbour, where ten peaceful years were spent. When ‘Bartie’ was about nine years old, Mr. Allen Hughan, of Noumea, New Caledonia, paid his father a visit. Mr. Hughan was an intimate friend, and on leaving begged that the boy, to whom he had taken a fancy, might be permitted to go with him to Noumea for

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 a time. The Boakes consented, with the condition that their son should be taught French; and during an absence of two years he acquired a moderate knowledge of that language.

While the boy was in Noumea the Boake family removed to North Willoughby, not far from Sailor Bay, one of the arms of Middle Harbour. Here, on 4th November, 1879, Mrs. Boake died of puerperal

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 fever, after giving birth to twin boys—one of whom died in infancy, while the other, an idiot, lived to the age of fourteen. She had in all nine children: two, a boy and a girl, died in their third year; four daughters are now living.

Mrs. Boake's character is described as combining force and tenderness in a singular and charming degree. She was of cheerful temperament: fond of society, yet preferring the intimacy of home. For a long time after her marriage she continued to study French and music, that she might be able to teach her children. Her death was a keen grief to the family: the irreparable loss altered their whole

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 future. Writing to his friend Mr. Hughan, Barcroft, then thirteen years old, said: ‘Mamma has been taken away, leaving a little baby boy behind—what an exchange!’

His father at this time was prospering in business, and Barcroft grew up a sturdy lad, well cared for. At an early age he could swim and handle a boat. In cricket and football he took less interest; but he

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 was a good tennis-player, and he rode a pony, as well as a bicycle of the old-fashioned pattern. He went to school till he was about seventeen—for a few months at the Sydney Grammar School, and for nearly five years with Mr. Edward Blackmore, in Hunter-street, Sydney. He displayed no unusual ability; and is described as a quiet, reserved boy, yet by no means mopish; fond of reading; noticeably honourable, generous, and constant in his affections. He was particularly attached to his grandmother, Mrs. Clarke, who took charge of the household when her daughter died; and his letters in later years of absence frequently make loving enquiry as to her welfare.

When seventeen years old young Boake was placed in the office of a Sydney land-surveyor, who taught him sufficient draughtsmanship to pass an examination for admission to the Government Survey Department. In July, 1886, after about twelve months spent in the Survey Office as temporary draughtsman, he took the place of field-assistant to Mr. E. Commins, a surveyor whose headquarters were at Rocklands farm, near Adaminaby, N.S.W.

Adaminaby is a small township in the elevated Monaro district, where in parts during winter snow sometimes covers the ground for weeks together. Here Boake spent two happy years. He was just turned twenty, and eagerly welcomed the change from city streets. His health was perfect; his

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 surroundings novel and interesting. He lived, for the most part, the free out-door life congenial to him; and at Rosedale Station Mr. and Mrs. Alex. McKeahnie welcomed him to a home circle for whose members he cherished warm and lasting regard.

From this point there are extant occasional letters from Boake to his relatives and friends, which give more direct insight to his mode of life and thought. Writing from Rocklands to his father on 29th May, 1887, he says—

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 At this time, of course, winter was approaching—the severe Monaro winter—and the surveying camp had been broken up. Boake felt the round of officework at the farm monotonous after the cheerful changes of the camp. He bore confinement ill at any time, inheriting from his father a predisposition to melancholy which could only be subdued by physical exercise and social excitement. His temperament was sluggish: he was a dreamer and procrastinator—quick to perceive, slow to act—executing task-work reluctantly and mechanically, though developing plenty of fitful energy when spurred by appropriate stimuli.

Of this dreamy habit, apart from his general delicacy of constitution, the chief cause was a weak, slow-beating heart—often met among children reared in the moist and depressing climate of Sydney. And Boake further slowed his slow heart by the excessive use of tobacco. ‘The pipe was never out of his mouth.’ In the mountain air of Monaro, and especially when walking or riding a great deal, he could throw off the tobacco lethargy and appear for the most part cheerful, even gay. But when his body went unexercised, his mind became immediately overcast. Then he smoked to drive away the blue devils, and every pipeful brought another blue devil to attack him. The troubles and disappointments which a more buoyant temperament would have brushed aside oppressed Boake permanently. He saw the anthills in his mental path as mountains. Time after time he felt himself losing his hold on life; and his

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 craving for adventurous physical employment—in part, as he suggests, hereditary—was partly born of an instinct that this way lay salvation.

When at last he returned to depressing Sydney he came, as his father says, to ‘a house of gloom.’ He was unemployed, physically unexercised: mental troubles reacted on his body, and bodily languor on his mind. Always he smoked, smoked, and his heart beat more slowly; till he would sit for hours with his head bent down—speechless, pulseless, almost lifeless. On previous occasions he had roused himself to end a similar lethargy by change of living scene and occupation. This time the conditions were unfavourable; the disease too desperate for any but a desperate remedy. And Boake changed Life for Death.

It must be remembered that Boake received little more than a fair middle-class education (as that phrase was understood in the seventies) and left school at the age of seventeen. His parents were people of more than average intelligence, but with no exceptional culture. His father strung undistinguished rhymes: his mother had literary tastes, but no literary talents. Consequently the rough form of most of Boake's compositions is not surprising. In syntax and spelling he did not often blunder; but he was careless in punctuation, and in his letters—scribbled, of course, only for friendly eyes—the sentences run on with hardly a pause. For convenience I have punctuated the quotations

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 which I make, and have occasionally altered the spelling in conformity with usage: otherwise the matter remains as Boake wrote it.

In 1888 Boake wrote to his father a remarkable letter giving particulars of a mock hanging by which he nearly lost his life. This incident made an indelible impression on his mind, and I have no doubt that in brooding over it he familiarised the idea of suicide by hanging. (The first paragraph is given literatim as in the original.)

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 It is interesting to compare this account with one which is the best example of Boake's meditated prose style. Nearly four years later, and some six weeks before his death, he paid a visit to Darlinghurst Gaol, Sydney, and subsequently penned the following sketch, left among his papers, and published in The Bulletin of 28th May, 1892, a few days after his body had been found hanging to a tree on the shore of Middle Harbour.

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184

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Boake had agreed to stay with Mr. Commins for two years; and when, towards the close of 1888, the time expired, he was wholly under the spell of the Bush. At times he complained of its monotony, its hardships; but he always added that he could not again endure a city life. So, although urged to return to Sydney by his father, who wished him to qualify to obtain his license as surveyor, he preferred to take service as boundary-rider at Mullah Station, near Trangie, in the Narromine district. He was influenced by a reluctance to commit himself wholly to a surveyor's career, for though an excellent draughtsman, and fairly competent in the field, his heart was not in the work.

The parting from the friends at Rosedale was affectionate and sad. Boake promised to come back in three years, with a pocket full of money, and then——! His hopes were never to be realised. As the months passed, and one by one rosy dream-castles faded, his constitutional melancholy intensified to morbid gloom. He became more and more despondent, self-absorbed, careless of externals. And at last he ceased to struggle.

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 There seems some pathetic prescience in these lines, written by Boake in Miss Jean McKeahnie's scrap-book on the night before he left Rosedale.

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188

From Adaminaby to Trangie is roughly 300 miles; and Boake, who knew nothing of the country, had to find his road as he went. With him travelled young Boyd, who had been his associate under Mr. Commins. Each had only one horse; and a letter to a friend at Rosedale, dated from Mullah in September, 1888, gives some idea of the difficulties of the journey.

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 In November, 1888, Boake writes from Mullah.

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A month later (10th December, 1888), Mullah is waiting anxiously for the drought to break. Boake writes to his father—

A characteristic letter from Boake to his father may be quoted in full.

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By April, 1889, the monotony of life at Mullah had become unendurable, and at the beginning of May Boake left on a roving expedition northwards. He was accompanied by two brothers named Boyd, one of whom has been previously mentioned as coming with him from Monaro. All three were young and strong, used to a bush life and eager for adventure; and they proposed to carry out Boake's idea of going ‘on the confines of the settled country’

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 where ‘good is to be done’—that is, where work was easier to obtain, and wages were higher. Moving by easy stages, on 10th May they had reached Brewarrina, some 200 miles from Mullah, on the main stock road from Queensland. Here they ‘spelled’ for a few days, proceeding then towards Barringun with an eye open for a job with travelling stock. And on 16th June Boake writes from Thylungrah, in Queensland, saying that he is going with a drover to the Diamantina to bring back a mob of cattle.

On 11th August Boake writes to his father from Currawilla, Q., reciting some of his first droving experiences—

And the letter closes with ‘love to Grannie and the girls.’

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 To this period of his life Boake always looked back with keen pleasure. He was now 23 years old, in the prime of youth. No portrait gives a complete idea of him, but at this time he was changing from the bright lad to a thoughtful man. Boake matured slowly, and to the last there was a touch of boyishness in his nature and appearance. In figure he was slim and loosely-knit, rather tall than short. ‘He looked infinitely better on a horse than off,’ says his friend Raymond. His eyes were dark, his hair dark-brown, almost black; and his face was made remarkable by a deep scar on the right brow, the result of a fall in childhood. He has been called him ‘shy, moody, dispirited.’ Listless he seemed often in the Monaro days, and sometimes dispirited; but rather reserved than shy. The moodiness came later.

On 29th August the mob had reached. Windorah, and Boake writes—

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About the middle of October, the cattle were delivered at Cobb and Co.'s station, Burrenbilla, near Cunnamulla (Q.); and Boake writes to his father from that address—

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Two days later (20th November, 1889), Boake writes to his father—

He proceeds—

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Shortly after the date of the letter last quoted, Boake was employed, as he anticipated, to travel with cattle from Cunnamulla to Bathurst, N.S.W. He reached Bathurst in March, 1890: the cattle were delivered; and Boake engaged with the drover in charge to take a fresh job. Coming to Sydney, he spent a week with his family at Croydon, and returned—as arranged—to find that the drover had knocked down his cheque in a roaring spree, and had left Bathurst the day before, after selling some of his horses in order to get away.

Boake was disgusted and indignant; and his father pointed the moral of his situation with such effect that he agreed to turn once more to surveying, and in May, 1890, took service with Mr. W. A. Lipscomb, a surveyor employed in the Riverina territory of New South Wales. With Mr. Lipscomb he remained till the end of 1891, cutting up Government land into portions for lease or sale, and preparing plans of the country dealt with—chiefly in the districts of Wagga Wagga, Urana, Tarcutta, and Tumbarumba.

This was the period of Boake's greatest poetic activity. In boyhood he had been used to cap rhymes with his father; and in later days he had composed verses at seasons of special emotion, but without taking his talent seriously. Although a facile rhymer, he always

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 preferred dreaming to creating. Now, however, he was excited by the flattery of Riverina society; and when he found that a newspaper with the literary reputation of The Bulletin would print and pay for his impressions and fancies, he took more pains to rightly embody them. In the pleasure of composition Boake was at times able to banish gloom and anxiety, and even fitfully to nourish the bright hopes of his Monaro days.

Of Boake at this time Mr. Lipscomb says—

Mr. L. C. Raymond writes—

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Rh

The letters written by Boake at this time show how rapidly he was gathering and associating ideas,

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 how his literary faculty was stimulated by recognition and praise, and how strongly he vibrated to pathetic or tragic impulses. On 11th January, 1891, Boake writes telling how Wagga society appreciated some satirical lines he had composed concerning certain of its members. On 16th February, 1891, Boake writes to a sister from the survey camp at Carabosh, near Germanton—

Yet there is preserved from about this period a fragment of a letter containing the statement: ‘I myself believe with Tolstoi that the sooner the race dies out the better for all concerned.’ Boake's physical tendency to melancholy was too strong to be permanently overpowered by any mental reaction.

On 25th July, 1891, Boake writes to his father from the survey camp at Mundawaddery, recording an incident which impressed him deeply—

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Boake wrote some unremarkable verses ‘In Memoriam, Arthur Biscay,’ and sent them to The Albury Banner, which had published a short time previously a metrical address ‘To “Rolf Boldrewood”’—Boake's first printed composition. The latter to some extent echoes Gordon's dedication to

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 ‘Bush Ballads and Galloping Rhymes’—itself an echo of Swinburne's dedication to ‘Poems and Ballads’—and commences:

Ten verses follow referring to scenes in ‘Rolf Boldrewood's’ novels, and the address closes—

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 On 19th October, 1891, Boake writes from the camp at ‘The Rock’—

In December, 1891, Boake's engagement with Mr. Lipscomb ended, and he came to stay with his father and sisters at Croydon, Sydney: walking in unexpectedly one morning with a light portmanteau, and a ’possum-rug swag strapping up a few small articles—amongst them the lash of a stockwhip. His father continues the story—

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Boake's suicide was an appeal to Death to end his hopelessness as Life had ended hope. For him, of course, the wisdom of the act was conditioned by the circumstances: he could no other than he did. I have already indicated what those circumstances were. A weak heart and sensitive brain brought him into the Debatable Land: tobacco led him to the edge of the precipice. The memory of the mock hanging at Rocklands was always tempting him to look down the dizzy depths. He looked and drew back; looked and drew back;—then, to aid the pressure of daily worries and the prepossessions of a lifetime came the blow to his lover's dreams, and, looking, he leaped.

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 The burial-ground where Boake lies is situated in an elevated part of North Sydney, some half-hour's journey from the city proper. It is a small enclosure, thickly studded with the grotesque monuments conventionally associated with grief. Here and there a poorer grave, adorned with shells and coloured pebbles, more impresses the stranger: it is like the rudimentary art of a bower-bird, yet so pitifully earnest. Near the western boundary lies a narrow plot with plain stone kerbing, and this inscription on a marble slab—

And one reflects on the world of impotent potentialities that died with the baffled idealist beneath.

It is no wonder that the Earth Heaps shining Spring on Spring; That flowers bud in tender birth, And ever new birds sing: This is the harvest-home of woe From buried ecstasies below.

A mother's hands let flowers fall On little graves she loved: The Earth, who loves and mothers all, With the same impulse moved, Doth sorrowfully every year Strew flowers above her children dear.

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 A nation chants a threnody For heroes laid to rest: ’T is echoed back eternally From Earth's sob-swelling breast. Listen! the birds repeat a dirge For great souls passed beyond the verge.

When youth and maid in blither times, When Thoughts were less than Things, Brought in the May with joyous rhymes, Dances and carollings, The merry month seemed full of cheer; But, ah! ’t was borne upon a bier.

And so, to minds attuned with it, The eternal rhythm doth sound Lament for graces infinite Hid in the hollow ground: The most delicious draught of joy The World-Grief will with tears alloy.

Thus every hope destroyed in life In death has left its sign: The All hath conquered in the strife Though Each for ever pine: A moment means eternity, A sand-speck all infinity, And from this poor humanity We argue the Divine

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'Tis a song of the Never Never land— Set to the tune of a scorching gale On the sandhills red, When the grasses dead Loudly rustle, and bow the head To the breath of its dusty hail:

Where the cattle trample a dusty pad Across the never-ending plain, And come and go With muttering low In the time when the rivers cease to flow, And the Drought King holds his reign;

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Rh

1831 Maury was appointed master of the sloop-of-war 'Falmouth,' which had been ordered to the Pacific Station. Years later, Maury used to warn his children against any injustice to their companions in thought or deed, by telling them the story of Johns, a young midshipman who was on the 'Falmouth' when Maury joined her for her four years cruise.

Young Johns, when going ashore at Norfolk, had been entrusted by a comrade, whom we will call B., with a case containing two bottles of very precious attar of roses for his sisters. He shared his room at the hotel in Norfolk that night with another midshipman, who we shall call A. A. was to leave very early in the morning to visit some relations, having leave of absence for some months. He accordingly rose early and took his departure, without waking Johns, but first, only for a joke, he poured out the attar and filled the bottles with water. Johns awoke in due time and took the case, which he had never opened, to the sisters of B., afterwards joining the 'Falmouth' for her cruise in the Pacific. The sisters, as soon as they found the bottles were filled with


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 сухой (sh сух, -ха, сухо, -и; cp суше) dry. На тебе сухой нитки нет! You haven't got a stitch of dry clothing on! • stale. Они ничего кроме сухого хлеба целый день не ели. They ate nothing but stale bread all day. • lanky. Он сухой и длинный, a она маленькая и пухлая. He's long and lanky, and she's small and chubby. • callous. Какой он сухой человек! What a callous person he is! □ суше drier. Как только станет немного суше, пойдём погулять. We can go for a walk as soon as it's a bit drier out.

сухопутный. □ сухопутные войска land forces. сухопутный транспорт land transport.

сучья See сук.

суша dry land. После трёхдневного переезда по морю приятно было снова очутиться на суше. After three days on the sea, it's pleasant to be on dry land again.

суше See сухой.

сушить (сушу, сушит /pct: вы-/) to dry. Где у вас сушат бельё? Where do you dry your laundry? • to parch. Этот табак очень сушит горло. This tobacco parches your throat. □ Её тоска сушит. She's withering inside from grief.

существенный essential. Он внёс существенные поправки в нашу программу. He introduced essential changes into our program. □ существенным образом essentially. Это существенным образом меняет наш план. This changes our plans essentially. □ Это не имеет существенного значения. It's not very important.

существительное (AN) noun.

существо essence. Ясно, что он не понимает существа этого вопроса. It's obvious that he doesn't understand the essence of this question. • being. Среди этих развалин мне не удалось найти ни одного живого существа. I wasn't able to find a single living being among these ruins. • creature, person. Что за противное существо! What an unpleasant creature! □ по существу in substance. Он, по существу, прав. He's right in substance. □ Он говорит не по существу. He doesn't speak to the point.

существовать to exist. Я, право, не знала, что такие чудаки существуют в природе. Truthfully, I didn't know that such strange characters really existed. — Для него не существует препятствий. Obstacles don't exist for him. □ Наша школа существует уже десять лет. Our school is already ten years old. • *Никак не пойму, чем он, собственно, существует. I can't understand how he keeps body and soul together.

сфера field. У него тут очень широкая сфера деятельности. He has a wide field of activities here. □ сфера влияния sphere of influence. □ Я здесь в своей сфере. I'm quite at home here.

сфотографировать (pct of фотографировать).

схватить (схвачу, схватит; pct of схватывать and хватать) to catch. Вора в конце концов схватили. The thief was finally caught. — Где это вы схватили простуду? Where did you catch cold?

схватывать (dur of схватить) to catch on. Он удивительно быстро схватывает. He catches on awful fast.

схвачу See схватить.

сходить (схожу, сходит; dur of сойти) to get off. Гражданин, вам сходить! You get off here, mister.

сходить (схожу, сходит; pct) to go. Постригусь, а потом схожу в баню. First I'll get a haircut; then I'll go to the public baths. — Сходите, пожалуйста, на почту. Will you go to the post office, please? □ сходить за (чём-нибудь or кем-нибудь) to go get (something or somebody). Вы можете сейчас сходить за хлебом? Can you go get the bread right away? □ Почему бы вам не сходить в кино? Why don't you take in a movie?

сходство similarity. У вас с ним большое сходство. There's a great similarity between you and him.

схожу See сходить.

схоронить (-роню, -ронит;/ppp схороненный/; pct of хоронить).

сцена stage. Сцена в этом театре плохо освещена. The stage in this theater is poorly lighted. — Он всю жизнь провёл на сцене. He spent his whole life on the stage. • scene. Лучше всего была последняя сцена в первом действии. The last scene in the first act was the best one of all. — Это была незабываемая сцена. That was an unforgettable scene. — Пожалуйста, не устраивай сцен. Please, don't make a scene. — Деятели прошлой войны давно сошли со сцены. The men prominent in the last war aren't on the scene any more.

сценарий scenario.

счастливый ([-slj-]; sh счастлив, -ва, -во, -вы) happy. Это были счастливые годы моей жизни. Those were the happy days of my life. — Вы любите романы с счастливым концом? Do you like novels with a happy ending? □ счастливо lucky. Вы ещё счастливо отделались. You were lucky to get out of it that easily. □ Счастливого пути! Bon voyage! or Pleasant trip! • Счастливо оставаться! So long! Lot's of luck! (said by those going on trip to those remaining behind.) • Ну, счастливо! Вспоминайте обо мне иногда. Well, so long! Think of me sometimes. (said by those going on trip to those remaining behind.)

счастье happiness. Когда сын вернулся с фронта, счастью матери не было предела. When the son returned from the front his mother's happiness knew no bounds. • luck. Желаю вам счастья! I wish you luck! — Какое счастье иметь такого друга! It's a great bit of luck to have such a friend. — Вот вам мой платок на счастье. Here's my handkerchief for luck. — Ну и счастье вам привалило! What a lucky break for you! □ к счастью luckily. К счастью, он оказался дома. Luckily he was at home. на моё (твоё, etc) счастье luckily for me (you, etc). На моё счастье у них оказалась свободная комната. Luckily for me they had a room available. □ Ваше счастье, что он сегодня в хорошем настроении. You're lucky that he's in a good mood today. • *Не бывать бы счастью, да несчастье помогло. It's an ill wind that blows nobody good.

счесть (сочту, сочтёт; p счёл, сочла, -о, и; pap счётший; ppp сочтённый; pct of считать) to consider. Он даже не счёл нужным мне ответить. He didn't even consider it necessary to answer me.

счёт (/P счета, -ов; g -у; на счету/) bill. Я получил счёт за


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2 When the fiercest piker who ever turned With lowered head in defiance proud, Grown gaunt and weak, Release doth seek In vain from the depths of the slimy creek— His sepulchre and his shroud;

His requiem sung by an insect host, Born of the pestilential air, That seethe and swarm In hideous form Where the stagnant waters lie thick and warm, And Fever lurks in his lair:

Where a placid, thirst-provoking lake Clear in the flashing sunlight lies— But the stockman knows No water flows Where the shifting mirage comes and goes Like a spectral paradise;

And, crouched in the saltbush' sickly shade, Murmurs to Heaven a piteous prayer: ‘O God! must I Prepare to die?’ And, gazing up at the brazen sky, Reads his death-warrant there.

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Rh Gaunt, slinking dingoes snap and snarl, Watching his slowly-ebbing breath; Crows are flying, Hoarsely crying Burial service o’er the dying— Foul harbingers of Death.

Full many a man has perished there, Whose bones gleam white from the waste of sand— Who left no name On the scroll of Fame, Yet died in his tracks, as well became A son of that desert land.

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HEN preparing these verses for the press, the first question which met me was this: Should Boake be treated from a literary standpoint or from a personal standpoint—as poet or as man and poet? I chose the personal standpoint. To consider Boake as a literary figure, with an eye chiefly to his literary reputation, meant omission of whatever herein is crude or weak, in order that readers should judge him only by his best. Such a course implied loss and discontent to many persons who care little for the niceties of style, and find in vigorous picturing and natural emotion ample amends for bad rhymes and false accents. And, what is more important, such a course would have given a wrong impression of Boake. Some of his most valuable work lies in fragments of poems which as wholes seem comparatively ineffective. These fragments could not be divorced from the context, yet were not lightly to be discarded. Further, Boake's least remarkable compositions, with two or three exceptions, are as characteristic of Australia and of himself as are

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''This reproduces, on a somewhat smaller scale, a pen-and-ink drawing by Boake in a Rosedale scrap-book. I fancy that the figures are imitated from some by a more skilful hand.''—

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 телефон. I got my phone bill. — Запишите на мой счёт. Put it on my bill. • check. Официант, дайте мне, пожалуйста, счёт. Waiter, give me my check, please. • score. Матч окончился со счётом четыре-ноль в пользу нашей команды. The game ended with a score of four to nothing in our favor. — Слушайте, сейчас не время сводить личные счёты. Look here, now isn't the time to settle personal scores. • account. У вас счета не в порядке. Your accounts are not in order. • count. "Поместимся вчетвером с ребёнком?" "Ну, ребёнок не в счёт". "Will there be enough room for the four of us and the baby?" "Well, there's no need to count the baby". • expense. Ну, как ему не стыдно жить на чужой счёт! But isn't he ashamed to live at somebody else's expense? □ без счёту countless, without end. В этой рукописи ошибок — без счёту. There are countless mistakes in this manuscript. в два счёта in a jiffy. Вы ему только скажите — он вам это в два счёта устроит. All you have to do is tell him and he'll do it for you in a jiffy. свести счёты to get even. Я когда-нибудь сведу с ним счёты. I'll get even with him some day. счёты abacus. Подсчитайте это на счётах. Total this on the abacus. текущий счёт checking account. Если вы хотите открыть текущий счёт, — я вас провожу в банк. If you want to open a checking account, I'll be glad to take you to the bank. □ Я его романам и счёт потерял. I lost count of his love affairs. • Что за счёты между друзьями! What's a little thing like that among friends? • Я возьму немного денег в счёт зарплаты. I'll take a small advance on my pay. • На чей счёт будут чинить потолки в нашей квартире? Who'll pay for the repair job needed on our ceilings? • Почему вы это принимаете на свой счёт? Why do you take it as if it was meant for you? • Непременно верните ему книжку, у него каждая брошюрка на счету. He keeps track of every single pamphlet, so you better return the book you borrowed. • Этот класс на особо хорошем счету у учителей. This class is in very good standing with all the teachers. • Ну, это мы окончательно сбросили со счетов. We threw out that possibility. • Это вы на мой счёт? Do you mean me?

счетовод bookkeeping clerk.

счетчик census-taker. Во время последней переписи я работал счётчиком. I worked as a census-taker during the last census. • meter. У нас один электрический счётчик на всю квартиру. We have but one electric meter for the whole apartment. □ счётчик такси taxi-meter. Счётчик такси показал десять рублей. The taxi-meter says ten rubles.

считать (/pct: со-/) to count. Он уже умеет считать до десяти. He already knows how to count up to ten. — Он прямо дни считает до отъезда. He's coimting the days before he leaves. □ не считая not counting. Поездка, не считая горючего, обойдётся рублей в двадцать пять. The trip, not counting the gas, will amount to about twenty-five rubles. □ До каникул остались считанные дни. There are only a few days before vacation time.

считать (pct: счесть) to consider. Я считаю нужным предупредить его. I consider it necessary to warn him. — Мы всегда считали его честным человеком. We always considered him an honest person. • to think. Я считаю, что надо немедленно телеграфировать. I think that we have to send a telegram immediately. — Я считаю, что вы неправы. I think you're wrong. □ Его уже, было, считали погибшим. He was already given up for lost.

-ся to be considered. (no pct) Он у нас тут считается первым спецом. He's considered our best specialist. • to take into consideration. (no pct) С этим обстоятельством необходимо считаться. It's necessary to take this circumstance into consideration.

США See Соединённые Штаты Америки.

сшивать (dur of стять).

сшить (сошью, -шьёт; imv сшей; ppp сшитый; pct of шить and сшивать) to sew. Сшейте, пожалуйста, эти два куска материи вместе. Sew these two pieces of material together, please. • to make. Он сошьёт вам сапоги, хоть куда! He'll make you the best boots there are.

съедать (dur of съесть) to eat. Он всегда съедает две тарелки каши. He always eats two plates of cereal.

съедобный edible.

съезд convention. Он выступал на профсоюзном съезде. He spoke at the trade-union convention. □ В этом году на курорте большой съезд. There are many people at the health resort this year.

съездить (pct) to take a little trip. Хотите съездить со мной в город? Do you want to take a little trip to town with me?

съезжать (dur of съехать).

съем See съесть.

съесть (-ем, -ест, §27; imv -ешь; p -ел; ppp -еденный; pct of есть and съедйть) to eat. Съешьте, пожалуйста, ещё кусочек. Eat another piece, please. — Чего бы такого съесть? Я ужасно голоден. What should I eat? I'm awfully hungry. • to eat up. Ребята съели всё, что было в доме. The boys ate up everything in the house. □ *Она его, бедного, совсем съела. She nagged the life out of the poor fellow.

съехать (съеду, съедет; pct of съезжать) to ride down. С горы мы съехали очень быстро. We rode down the mountain very quickly. • to move out. Он отсюда давно съехал. He moved out of here a long time ago. □ Нам не позволили съехать на берег. We weren't allowed to go ashore. • У вас шляпа на, бок съехала. Your hat isn't on straight.

съешь See съесть.

сыграть (pct of играть) to play. Он замечательно сыграл эту сонату. He played the sonata beautifully. — Давайте сыграем в карты. Let's play cards. — Ему очень хочется сыграть эту роль. He's very anxious to play this role. — *Вы ему как раз на руку сыграли. You played right into his hands. — (no dur) С ним такую штуку сыграли, что он долго будет о ней помнить. They played such a trick on him that he won't forget it for a long time.

сын (P сыновья, -вей, -вьям) son.

сыновья See сын.

сыпь (F) rash. Эта сыпь только от жары, она скоро пройдёт. This is just a heat rash; it'll go away soon.

сыр (P -ы/g -у/) cheese. Какого сыра вы хотите? What kind of cheese do you want? □ *Он здесь как сыр в масле катается. He's living off the fat of the land here.


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230

The following particulars were furnished to the Fremantle Herald by Mr. John Vincent, who acted as interpreter to the survivors:—"The Stefano, 1,300 tons, of Fiume in Austria, with a crew of seventeen persons, was wrecked on the coast, and only ten of the men got ashore. They lived on raw shell-fish and such provisions as were washed on the beach. They had little hope of ever being rescued, and were in great dread of the natives, whom they believed to be cannibals. As everything had been lost, they had no means of ascertaining on what part of the coast they were, or in which direction lay the nearest settlement. After several days of great suffering, the natives came down to the beach, and, much to the surprise of the castaway sailors, made overtures of friendliness, which, after some hesitation on the part of the shipwrecked seamen, were accepted. The natives showed them where water could be obtained, caught fish and cooked them for them, and completely relieved the party of all fear on their account. Among the débris of the wreck washed ashore the natives picked up a chart of the West Coast of Australia, by which the party were enabled to make out pretty well where they were; and, after consultation, it was determined to make an attempt to get to Shark's Bay. The party started southwards, and after six days' travelling reached Cape Cuvier. Finding no water, and being afraid to proceed, they returned to the scene of the wreck, which they reached in safety. For some six weeks after their return the party lived on rock oysters, and suffered intensely from want and exposure. On Christmas Day two of the men died: and a few days after six more, including the first-mate, succumbed to their sufferings. The two remaining survivors, Baccich and Jurich, who now despaired of ever being rescued, determined to join the natives, and travelled inland for this purpose. They joined the tribe with which they were already acquainted, and found them extremely hospitable while they remained with them. They had long despaired of ever being rescued from their pitiable condition, when relief came in a most unexpected manner. Capt. C. Tuckey, of the cutter Jessie, engaged in the pearl-fishing, on his voyage from Roebourne to Fremantle, put in near the north-west coast to land some native divers belonging to that locality, who had been engaged in the pearling. After landing them, the Jessie proceeded on her voyage; but the weather getting rough, the captain thought it as well to run in towards the land and anchor in smooth water till the weather abated. Having anchored in a protected spot, Tuckey determined to send some flour and sugar ashore to the natives, with a view to establishing friendly relations with the tribes thereabout, in the event of his wanting to engage them, at any future time, for the pearling. While pulling on shore in the ship's boat, one of the hands remarked that there were two Malays on the beach with the natives. On landing, they proved to be the two survivors of the crew of the Stefano, and from them Capt. Tuckey learnt the sad tale of the loss of the ship and the sufferings of

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Rh the crew. He brought them to Fremantle, and informed the proper authorities of what had occurred. The natives made no reference to their having had any previous acquaintance with white men during the time these young men remained with them."

The Herald of the 27th May 1876 adds—"The hospitality of the natives at the north-west towards the crew of the Stefano has been recognised by the Government, and is to be rewarded. The Rosette, Capt. Vincent, takes two bags of flour, one bag of sugar, twelve looking-glasses, one dozen sheath knives, and ten pounds of tobacco, for distribution among the natives at Point Cloates."

Many of the early settlers of Western Australia were much attached to the natives who had so often helped them in their greatest need, with a patience of fatigue, and with intelligence superior to that of the white men, especially in times of flood, when, but for them, many of them would have been ruined. Some of the settlers on the Canning River and in the York district were, at times, almost dependent on the natives for food, and this during a course of years. They would bring them in game, tend their little flocks, help to clear and cultivate the land, and be their messengers and letter-carriers with a cheerful unselfishness and fidelity which were quite exemplary. It was only necessary to understand them and treat them judiciously to make them very valuable allies and helps.

If Messrs. Burke and Wills, on their return to Cooper's Creek, after their daring dash across the continent, had understood the natives whom they found there, and exhibited a friendly bearing towards them, they would, in all probability, have learned from them that the party who had been left in charge of the depôt camp was only a day's journey ahead. A communication would have been opened up, and in the meantime the natives would have sustained them with fish; instead of which, these brave men were driven by hunger to eat some fish-bones which had been left by the blacks, and finally perished from starvation.

Aversion to strangers appears to be the natural result of ignorance. Until recently, when the diffusion of knowledge has become more general, we find that absurdly disparaging notions regarding their neighbours prevailed even among the most civilized nations—as, for instance, it used to be believed, within the last half-ceutury, in England, that one Englishman could beat three Frenchmen. The savage, who has no knowledge of any people beyond a very limited area around his own territory, naturally views strangers with alarm and dislike.

When, therefore, we find that weary travellers, such as Burke, Wills, and King, were unmolested by a large and comparatively powerful tribe, it does not seem too much to assume that these people are not always so treacherous and bloodthirsty as some writers would have us believe. Indeed, as soon as Burke and Wills died, King fraternized with them, and was supported by them until succour arrived.

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 сырой (sh сыр, -ра, сыро, -ры) damp. Вам вредно жить в таком сыром климате. It's harmful for you to live in such a damp climate. — Простыни ещё сырые, их стелить нельзя. The sheets are still damp; you can't put them on the bed. • raw. Нет, этот бифштекс совсем сырой, я такого не ем. This steak is completely raw. I can't eat it this way. □ сыро damp. Сегодня очень сыро на дворе. It's very damp out today. □ Не пейте сырой воды. Don't drink unboiled water. • Эта статья ещё совсем сырая, над ней надо поработать. This article still has many rough edges; there's a lot of work to be done on it.

сырость (F) humidity. Как вы можете жить в такой сырости? How can you live in such humidity? □ Тут пахнет сыростью. It smells damp here. • На стенах выступили пятна от сырости. The walls were moldy.

сырьё raw material. Каково у вас положение с сырьём? How's your raw material situation? — Во время войны у нас на фабрике был большой недостаток сырья. During the war, there was a scarcity of raw materials in our factory.

сытый (sh сыта) full. Вы сыты? Are you full? — "Съешьте ещё чего-нибудь". "Спасибо, я сыт по горло". "Eat some more." "No, thanks, I'm full up to here."

сыщик detective.

сэкономить (pct of экономить).

сюда here. Идите сюда! Come here! — Положите это сюда. Put this here. — Не думаю, чтоб он скоро опять сюда приехал. I don't think that he'll come here again soon. • this way. Сюда, пожалуйста. This way, please. □ Наша машина застряла в грязи — ни туда, ни сюда. Our car is stuck in the mud. We can't budge it.

сюжет plot. Это прекрасный сюжет для рассказа. That's an excellent plot for a short story.

сюрприз surprise. Вот какой приятный сюрприз! What a pleasant surprise!

сяду See сесть.

Т
та (/n F of тот/).

табак (-а/g -у/) tobacco. Какой у вас хороший табак! What fine tobacco you've got! — Гильзы у меня есть, но табак весь вышел. I have cigarette paper but all my tobacco's gone. □ *Выходит — наше дело табак! It looks as if our goose is cooked!

таблетка tablet. Примите таблетку аспирина. Take an aspirin tablet.

таблица table. Вы найдёте все статистические таблицы в конце книги. You'll find all statistical tables at the end of the book.

таз (P -Ы, -ов/b тазу/) washbasin. Таз и кувшин с водой стоят в углу. A washbasin and pitcher of water are in the corner. • pelvis. У него оказался перелом таза. They find that he has a fractured pelvis.

таинственный secret. Ничего таинственного в этой поездке нет. There's nothing secret about this trip. • mysterious. Он сказал это с таинственным видом. He looked mysterious when he said it. □ таинственно mysteriously. О чём это вы так таинственно шепчетесь? What are you whispering about so mysteriously?

тайга taiga (northern virgin forest).

тайна (gp тайн) mystery. Как он сюда попал — для меня тайна! How he got here's a mystery to me. — Она любит окружать тайной всё, что она делает. She likes to do everything with an air of mystery. • secret. Сохраните это в тайне. Keep it secret. — Это военная тайна. This is a military secret.

тайный. □ тайное голосование secret ballot.

так so. Почему вы так думаете? Why do you think so? — Так значит вы решили здесь остаться? So, I see you've decided to stay here. — Почему он пришёл так поздно? Why did he come so late? — Она так хорошо пела! She sang so well! — Он так хорошо говорит по-русски, что просто удивительно. He speaks Russian so well that it's simply amazing. — Так и вы нас покидаете? So you're leaving us too? • that way. Так сказать нельзя. You can't say it that way. • this way. Так это продолжиться не может. It can't continue this way. — Я вам сейчас расскажу. Это вышло так .... I'll tell you right now; it happened this way .... • then. Так скажите ему, что он ошибается. Tell him that he's wrong, then. • nothing in particular. "Чему вы улыбаетесь?" "Так, своим мыслям". "What are you smiling at?" "Nothing in particular; just at my own thoughts." □ и так by itself. Не надо доктора, и так пройдёт. You don't have to call a doctor; it'll go away by itself. • anyway. He надо его просить, он и так сделает. You don't have to ask him; he'll do it anyway. • as it is. Не браните его, ему и так очень тяжело. Don't scold him, he feels bad enough as it is. — Не объясняйте — и так ясно. Don't explain. It's clear enough as it is. и так далее and so on, et cetera. У меня ещё тьма работы: мне надо стряпать, стирать, и так далее. I still have piles of work. I have to do the cooking, the washing, and so on. и так и так this way or that. Это можно сделать и так и так. It can be done this way or that. и так и этак this way and that. Уж он старается и так и этак, а всё не выходит. He tries this way and that, but still nothing helps. так вот and so. Так вот, он и остался один одинёшенек. And so he was left all alone. так же ... как as ... as. Он говорит по-русски так же хорошо, как и вы. He speaks Russian as well as you do. так и just. Я так и сказал, что вам некогда. That's just what I told him; you're busy. — Я вижу, он так и рвётся что-то сказать. I see that he's just jumping out of his skin to say something. — Он так и ахнул от изумления. He just gasped in astonishment. • simply. На него так я посыпались неприятности. Trouble simply began to pile up on him. • just what. Она сейчас придёт. Так вы


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232

It is very desirable that authentic information should be obtained before it is too late from persons who have long resided among the Aborigines and have become conversant with their languages and peculiarities. These Europeans, as well as the natives themselves, are fast passing away, and unless the information be soon recorded, it will be lost for ever.

To the student of languages the native dialects are most valuable, and, if now preserved, might hereafter fill the most critical gaps in the history of mankind.

Some gentlemen now reside in Western Australia who have been more than forty years among the natives, and have made them their especial study. They could, doubtless, supply most valuable intelligence not otherwise obtainable.

The time is near at hand when not only the race itself will have disappeared, but no record will remain of many of their peculiarities, of the traditions of the tribes, of their characters and characteristics, and of the acts of those individuals whose biographies would be useful and interesting as being typical of this family of mankind.

Even now, as we travel through the country, we find but few indications of a previous race having occupied it. Two of these are, the marks cut on trees, which will soon disappear; and the "native ovens," or mirnyongs.

1. The marks on the trees are merely where pieces of bark have been cut out for various purposes, or where notches have been made to assist in climbing; of course, these will soon be obliterated, but, fortunately, the other monuments of a more durable description will remain.

2. These are the mirnyongs, called by the colonists "native ovens." They occur, so far as I am aware, only in the eastern and south-eastern portions of Australia, where the soil is less absorbent and the climate wetter, and in some parts colder, than the sandy territory of Western Australia.

They are what Sir Charles Lyell terms "kitchen refuse heaps," when writing of similar mounds under the peat mosses of Denmark, and are composed of ashes, fine charcoal, fragments of bones, and other remains after cooking and eating.

They are found in the valleys of rivers and creeks, on the margins of lakes and lagoons, just inside the "points of timber" or portions of forest which project into the plains, on rising grounds in the plains, near the sea-shore, and in every locality where fish, game, or food of any description is to be found.

The positions of the mirnyongs have been carefully selected, so that, as far as possible, the occupants may obtain an extensive view of the surrounding country, while they themselves are screened from any passer by.

When a company of natives returns after a day's hunting and foraging, the women take a fresh supply of firewood and stones. These last are sometimes found on the "ovens" in localities remote from where any stones are known to exist. Thus, in the course of centuries, they become large mounds, affording comfortable camping-places as compared with the often wet and scrubby ground

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 beautiful black silk dress, so nicely made that it has disclosed to me, what I did not know before, that Ockey has an extremely pretty figure.

27, Faubourg de la Barre, Dieppe. April 18th, 1859.

I am quietly, splendidly happy; everyone is kindness itself. I had a very rough passage indeed, but the wind was favourable and never shall I forget the vanishing of the cliffs of England in a deep intense blue mist of cloud, as the storms came on. I stayed on deck all the six hours we were on board, standing on a bench looking over the changing space of waters; the fresh free wind blowing delightfully. The old look of all things is enchanting; high flint walls are built up the hills, out of which grow hundreds of wallflowers. The large old church, with its time-eaten stones and boldly carved gargoyles, delights me more than anything; its pinnacles rise up in the sunny air; and its lovely flying buttresses against the blue sky, all crested and crowned with wallflowers and ferns; and all the grey stone mellowed and toned by thousands of gold and silver lichens.

I hope you are all comfortable and have all that you want. Tell Minnie that, though I gave her directions about what she was to do, she is not to think that I mean to bind her to do these things if circumstances alter. She will use her own judgment.

I took a vehement determination to have nothing to do with a short stout repulsive foreigner, who sat in the railway carriage opposite to me, and who, to my consternation, was most polite and attentive.


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 Tell Minnie this, it will amuse her. He was a man of immense curiosity; and, I must in justice allow, he gave me no cause whatever for my aversion to him unless it were that, though he was willing enough to discourse about France, Switzerland, etc., or open and shut windows when he had nothing else to do, he took good care to keep all his energies for himself at any time of bustle; and, after chattering nearly three hours to me, directly we reached Dieppe he never even looked round to see if I'd met my friends, or told or showed me anything, though he knew the regulations of the city well—which would have surprised me if I'd trusted his nasty eye, and would have made me feel desolate, if I hadn't been who I am, and in a state of happy and independent resolution (which, perhaps, I ought to give him credit for perceiving). I was really glad of his chatter at last, for I thought the voyage long.

April 24th, 1859.

It has seemed to me so wonderful really to see large spaces of almost uninhabited country; they give me a sense of loneliness and quiet, quite unequalled and delightful. We came to a large lonely chateau, surrounded with firs, just as the sun sank behind a low hill, towards which it looked. The hill, the firs, the birches opposite stood up dark against the sunset. Oh! it was so lovely! That night (Thursday) we slept at Houden in a room with great white-washed beams, looking out over the yard. We didn't sleep, we were so cold; and we got up only just in time for the diligence to Rambouillet. The country was flattish,


text: Cambridge Natural History Mammalia/Chapter XI


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Noyes, James


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Rh around. There they bake their opossums, kangaroos, lizards, fish, frogs, roots, and whatever else they may have taken during the day.

These ash-heaps vary in size from ten to one hundred feet in diameter, and from a few inches to eight or ten feet in height, depending on their age, the frequency of their use, and the number of persons resorting to them. They doubtless conceal many lost stone hatchets and other implements and ornaments.

I subjoin a sketch (Fig. 247) of some large mirnyongs which occur at the outlet of Lake Connewarren, about five miles south-west from Mortlake, in the County of Hampden, Victoria.

"Native ovens" are called by the natives of the Werribee, Goorung; of Fiery Creek, Tallum; of the Lower Avoca, Bolap; of Mount Emu, Moomung; and by others Mirnyong ; in which they bake eels, roots, &c.

No. 1 is 102 by 90 feet in diameter, 310 feet in circumference, 8 feet high from the east side, and 6 feet from the west side.

No. 2 is 104 by 99 feet in diameter, 318 feet in circumference, and 5 feet high.

No. 3 is 96 by 84 feet in diameter, and 3 feet high.

No. 4 is 87 by 75 feet in diameter, 3½ feet high on east, and 2 feet high on the west side.

There are no trees within about 200 yards.

They must be of great antiquity, for there is but little firewood in the vicinity, and only small fires would suffice to cook the eels taken from the adjacent lagoon. It abounds with large eels, and a few years ago, when the flood-waters overflowed, the eels escaped from their overcrowded breeding basin

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 ему и скажите. She'll be here in no time. That's just what you should tell him. так и есть what do you know about that? Так и есть! Опять шина лопнула. What do you know about that? The tire blew out again. так и знай(те) you can be sure of that. Вам этого не позволят, так и знайте. They won't let you do it, you can be sure of that. так и надо it serves (one) right. Так ему и надо! Зачем не в своё дело совался. It serves him right for sticking his nose into other people's business. так как because. Нам пришлось сделать круг, так как дорогу чинили. We had to make a detour because the road was under repair. так нет but no. Ему бы помолчать; так нет, начал спорить. It would have been better had he kept quiet; but no, he started to argue. так себе just passable. "Она очень хорошенькая?" "Нет, так себе". "Is she very pretty?" "No, just passable." • So so. "Как поживаете?" "Так себе!" "How are you?" "So so!" так-таки actually. Неужели он так-таки и отказал? You mean he actually refused? • after all. Он так-таки раздобыл билеты! He managed to get the tickets after all! так только just. Это вы так только пошутили, правда? You were just joking, weren't you? так что so. У нас рабочих рук не хватает, так что у вас есть все шансы устроиться. We're short of working hands, so you have a good chance of getting a job. так, чтобы so that. Повесьте это так, чтобы все видели. Hang it up so that everybody will see it. □ А я так думаю, что надо было сказать правду. If you ask me, I think the truth should have been told. • Это вам так не пройдёт! You won't get away with this. • Он наконец согласился. Давно бы так! He finally agreed. He should have done so long ago. • Он вас дразнит не со зла, а просто так. He's teasing you for the fun of it. • Ну играть — так играть! If you want to play, let's play. • Ну уж если идти, так сейчас. Well, if we're going, let's go now. • Я уже и так и сяк пробовал с ним говорить — не помогает. I've already used every argument I could on him, but nothing helps. • Так он и скажет вам, дожидайтесь! You can wait till doomsday before he'll tell you! • Это не пальто, а так что-то вроде плаща. It's not a coat; it's something like a cloak. • Он живёт в этой комнате, не так ли? He lives in this room, doesn't he? • Говорит ОН мне: так и так, надо мне уезжать. So he told me, "To make a long story short, I've got to go." • Так бы я и выкинула его отсюда. God, how I'd like to throw him out of here. • Так или иначе, мы с ним наконец поладили. In short, we finally came to an agreement.

также also, too. Можете вы мне дать также чистые простыни? Can you also give me clean sheets? — Я собираюсь пойти за покупками, а также заглянуть на почту. I intend to go shopping and also to stop in at the post office.

таков (-ва, -во, -вы /sh forms only/) this. Таковы факты, a выводы делайте сами. These are the facts. You can draw your own conclusions. □ Такова была сила удара, что оба паровоза были разбиты вдребезги. The force of the collision was so great that both locomotives were smashed. • *Он быстро собрал вещи и был таков. He packed in a hurry and was off. • Таково, оказывается, положение. So that's how things stand!

такой such. В такую погоду лучше остаться дома. It's better to stay at home in such weather. — Он такой умница. He's such a clever man! — Как это вы допустили такое безобразие? How do you allow such goings-on? • that. В таком случае пойдём сейчас. In that event let's go now. □ кто такой who. Кто он такой? Who's he? таким образом and so. Таким образом, всё кончилось благополучно. And so everything turned out all right. такое such things. Мне про вас такое говорили! I was told such things about you! такой же, как the same as. Возьмите эти ботинки; они такие же, как и те. Take these shoes. They're the same as the others. такой же ... как as ... as. Она такая же красотка, как её мать. She's as beautiful as her mother. □ Он глуп до такой степени, что и объяснить ему ничего нельзя. He's so stupid you can't explain anything to him. • Я и не думал, что это доставит ему такую радость. I didn't know he'd be so happy over it. • "Вы говорили с гражданином Н ?" "Какой такой Н ?" "Did you talk to Mr. N ?" "Never heard of him." • "Вы вчера не вышли на работу." "Ну и что ж тут такого?" "You didn't come to work yesterday." "So what?" • Это уж чорт знает что такое! That's a hell of a note! • Ну что это такое! Опять нет горячей воды. What is this! Again no hot water!

такси (indecl N) taxi, cab. Возьмём такси. Let's take a taxi. — Позовите такси! Call a taxi. — Вы приехали на такси? Did you come by cab?

тактичный tactful. Ему можно это поручить, он человек тактичный. You can trust him with this; he's a tactful fellow. — Надо будет ему тактично намекнуть на это. It'll be necessary to drop him a tactful hint about it.

талант talent.

талантливый talented. Он — талантливый инженер. He's a talented engineer. □ Эта книга очень талантливо написана. This book shows that the author has great talent.

талия waist.

там there. Кто там был, кроме вас? Who was there besides you? — Его там не было. He wasn't there. — Она там провела неделю, и ей там очень понравилось. She stayed there a week and liked it very much. "then. Поработайте с недельку, а там увидим. Work a week and then we'll see. □ там же in the same place. Он работает там же, где моя сестра. He works in the same place as my sister. там и сям here and there. Там и сям в этой книге попадаются ошибки. Here and there you'll find some mistakes in this book. □ *Там хорошо, где нас нет. The grass is green on the other side of the fence. • Там видно будет. We'll see when we get to it.

таможенный customs. Таможенный досмотр на следующей станции. The customs inspection is at the next station. □ таможенный служащий customs official.

таможня (gp -жен) customs office. Нас продержали на таможне целых два часа. We were held up a whole two hours at the customs office.

танец (-нца) dance. Из всех танцев, я больше всего люблю


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 and very like Weybridge in soil and trees and plants; only the poplars were exquisitely graceful. I never knew what avenues were till now. They are lovely, and seem to me to be particularly interesting in being so orderly; yet the order was only discerned, the beauty only felt, from one spot. …

We could hardly bear the suspense of climbing the hill, on which it stood. We wanted to see the carving, and could hardly have borne the time, but that we saw its spires. At last we stood at its foot, and saw the great thing towering in the sunlighted blue vault. We could not tear ourselves away from the rich old porches at the north end; tho' we were sinking with hunger;—one exclaiming, "Oh this is St. Peter—his key! look!" Another discovering, with delight, that there was the Virgin, or there was the Righteous Judgment. At last we went and had dinner, and on returning, entered. I think you will be greatly amused to hear of our adventures, and all the people we have seen. I have to do all the talking to people, I'm getting quite ready to ask questions, and it increases the fun very much. We have been in the most complete country and among quite rustic things; and I have laughed more since I came to France, than I have done for years, I think. I can't say that I think the people very nice; they are extremely polite, except the soldiers, but are wretched beggars. … I hope, dear people, that all goes on well with you, and that all is comfortable. Pray tell me if it is not.


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 Via della Scala, Tuesday, April 24th, 1859.

There is great excitement in the town; a great many people about, and a great many gens d'armes. It seems the troops here want to go off to the war; and the Grand Duke does not know what to do; the soldiers are in great excitement, and it was said if he did not let them go there would be a revolution, or something or other to-day.

The poor old Hyena does not know what to do, he has too many keepers. I believe the end will be he will abdicate, and leave the management of affairs to his sons. Many people are going: and still more are talking about it, because of the war and the unsettled state of affairs. I cannot say I feel at all afraid, I feel so perfectly safe. I am in the hands of One who knows what is best. In case of a revolution, everyone seems to think there would be no danger for private individuals. The Italians, especially the Florentines, are a good people, passionate, but not bloodthirsty and savage like the French. It would certainly be very shocking to be among scenes of violence; and I do hope the French will not come here, on any excuse. Of course there is no knowing.

Wednesday, April 25th, 1859. Well here we are without a government! Old Hyena has decamped, and all the family. The accounts at present are rather confused; but it seems the troops said they would go to the war, and it would be the worse for the Grand Duke if he did not let them; so he was obliged to consent: but then the people wanted a