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Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Elizabeth of Hungary

Elizabeth of Hungary,, also called Saint ELIZABETH OF THURINGIA, b. in Hungary, probably at Pressburg, 1207; d. at Marburg, Hesse, November 17 (not November 19), 1231. She was a daughter of King Andrew II of Hungary (1205-35) and his wife Gertrude, a member of the family of the Counts of Andechs-Meran; Elizabeth's brother succeeded his father on the throne of Hungary as Bela IV; the sister of her mother, Gertrude, was St. Hedwig, wife of Duke Heinrich I, the Bearded, of Silesia, while another saint, St. Elizabeth (Isabel) of Portugal (d. 1336), the wife of the tyrannical King Diniz of that country, was her greatniece. In 1211 a formal embassy was sent by Landgrave Hermann I of Thuringia to Hungary to arrange, as was customary in that age, a marriage between his eldest son Hermann and Elizabeth, who was then four years old. This plan of a marriage was the result of political considerations and was intended to be the ratification of a great alliance which in the political schemes of the time it was sought to form against the German Emperor Otto IV, a member of the house of Guelph, who had quarrelled with the Church. Not long after this the little girl was taken to the Thuringian court to be brought up with her future husband and, in the course of time, to be betrothed to him. The court of Thuringia was at this period famous for its magnificence. Its center was the stately castle of the Wartburg, splendidly placed on a hill in the Thuringian Forest near Eisenach, where the Landgrave Hermann lived surrounded by poets and minnesingers, to whom he was a generous patron. Notwithstanding the turbulence and purely secular life of the court and the pomp of her surroundings, the little girl grew up a very religious child with an evident inclination to prayer and pious observances and small acts of self-mortification. These religious impulses were undoubtedly strengthened by the sorrowful experiences of her life. In 1213 Elizabeth's mother, Gertrude, was murdered by Hungarian nobles, probably out of hatred of the Germans. On December 31, 1216, the oldest son of the landgrave, Hermann, whom Elizabeth was to marry, died; after this she was betrothed to Ludwig, the second son. It was probably in these years that Elizabeth had to suffer the hostility of the more frivolous members of the Thuringian court, to whom the contemplative and pious child was a constant rebuke. Ludwig, however, must have soon come to her protection against any ill-treatment. The legend that arose later is incorrect in making Elizabeth's mother-in-law, the Landgravine Sophia, a member of the reigning family of Bavaria, the leader of this court party. On the contrary, Sophia was a very religious and charitable woman and a kindly mother to the little Elizabeth. The political plans of the old Landgrave Hermann involved him in great difficulties and reverses; he was excommunicated, lost his mind towards the end of his life, and died, April 25, 1217, unreconciled with the Church. He was succeeded by his son Ludwig IV, who, in 1221, was also made regent of Meissen and the East Mark. The same year (1221) Ludwig and Elizabeth were married, the groom being twenty-one years old and the bride fourteen. The marriage was in every regard a happy and exemplary one, and the couple were devotedly attached to each other. Ludwig proved himself worthy of his wife. He gave his protection to her acts of charity, penance, and her vigils and often held Elizabeth's hands as she knelt praying at night beside his bed. He was also a capable ruler and brave solider. The Germans call him St. Ludwig, an appellation given to him as one of the best men of his age and the pious husband of St. Elizabeth. They had three children: Hermann II (1222-41), who died young; Sophia (1224-84), who married Henry II, Duke of Brabant, and was the ancestress of the Land-graves of Hesse, as in the war of the Thuringian succession she won Hesse for her son Heinrich I, called the Child; Gertrude (1227-97), Elizabeth's third child, was born several weeks after the death of her father; in after-life she became abbess of the convent of Aldenburg near Wetzlar.

Shortly after their marriage Elizabeth and Ludwig made a journey to Hungary; Ludwig was often after this employed by the Emperor Frederick II, to whom he was much attached, in the affairs of the empire. In the spring of 1226, when floods, famine, and the pest wrought havoc in Thuringia, Ludwig was in Italy attending the Diet at Cremona on behalf of the emperor and the empire. Under these circumstances Elizabeth assumed control of affairs, distributed alms in all parts of the territory of her husband, giving even state robes and ornaments to the poor. In order to care personally for the unfortunate she built below the Wartburg a hospital with twenty-eight beds and visited the inmates daily to attend to their wants; at the same time she aided nine hundred poor daily. It is this period of her life that has preserved Elizabeth's fame to posterity as the gentle and charitable chatelaine of the Wartburg. Ludwig on his return confirmed all she had done. The next year (1227) he started with the Emperor Frederick II on a crusade to Palestine but died, September 11 of the same year at Otranto, from the pest. The news did not reach Elizabeth until October, just after she had given birth to her third child. On hearing the tidings Elizabeth, who was only twenty years old, cried out: "The world with all its joys is now dead to me."

The fact that in 1221 the followers of St. Francis of Assisi (d. 1226) made their first permanent settlement in Germany was one of great importance in the later career of Elizabeth. Brother Rodeger, one of the first Germans whom the provincial for Germany, Caesarius of Speier, received into the order, was for a time the spiritual instructor of Elizabeth at the Wartburg; in his teachings he unfolded to her the ideals of St. Francis, and these strongly appealed to her. With the aid of Elizabeth the Franciscans in 1225 founded a monastery in Eisenach; Brother Rodeger, as his fellow-companion in the order, Jordanus, reports, instructed Elizabeth, to observe, according to her state of life, chastity, humility, patience, the exercise of prayer, and charity. Her position prevented the attainment of the other ideal of St. Francis, voluntary and complete poverty. Various remarks of Elizabeth to her female attendants make it clear how ardently she desired the life of poverty. After a while the post Brother Rodeger had filled was assumed by Master Conrad of Marburg, who belonged to no order, but was a very ascetic and, it must be acknowledged, a somewhat rough and very severe man. He was well known as a preacher of the crusade and also as an inquisitor or judge in cases of heresy. On account of the latter activity he has been more severely judged than is just; at the present day, however, the estimate of him is a fairer one. Pope Gregory IX, who wrote at times to Elizabeth, recommended her himself to the God-fearing preacher. Conrad treated Elizabeth with inexorable severity, even using corporal means of correction; nevertheless, he brought her with a firm hand by the road of self-mortification to sanctity, and after her death was very active in her canonization. Although he forbade her to follow St. Francis in complete poverty as a beggar, yet, on the other hand, by the command to keep her dower she was enabled to perform works of charity and tenderness.

Up to 1888 it was believed, on account of the testimony of one of Elizabeth's servants in the process of canonization, that Elizabeth was driven from the Wartburg in the winter of 1227 by her brother-in-law, Heinrich Raspe, who acted as regent for her son, then only five years old. About 1888 various investigators (Börner, Mielke, Wenck, E. Michael, etc.) asserted that Elizabeth left the Wartburg voluntarily, the only compulsion being a moral one. She was not able at the castle to follow Conrad's command to eat only food obtained in a way that was certainly right and proper. Lately, however, Huyskens (1907) tried to prove that Elizabeth was driven from the castle at Marburg in Hesse, which was hers by dower right. Consequently, the Te Deum that she directed the Franciscans to sing on the night of her expulsion would have been sung in the Franciscan monastery at Marburg. Accompanied by two female attendants, Elizabeth left the castle that stands on a height commanding Marburg. The next day her children were brought to her, but they were soon taken elsewhere to be cared for. Elizabeth's aunt, Matilda, Abbess of the Benedictine nunnery of Kitzingen near Würzburg, took charge of the unfortunate landgravine and sent her to her uncle Eckbert, Bishop of Bamberg. The bishop, however, was intent on arranging another marriage for her, although during the lifetime of her husband Elizabeth had made a vow of continence in case of his death; the same vow had also been taken by her attendants. While Elizabeth was maintaining her position against her uncle the remains of her husband were brought to Bamberg by his faithful followers who had carried them from Italy. Weeping bitterly, she buried the body in the family vault of the landgraves of Thuringia in the monastery of Reinhardsbrunn. With the aid of Conrad she now received the value of her dower in money, namely two thousand marks; of this sum she divided five hundred marks in one day among the poor. On Good Friday, 1228, in the Franciscan house at Eisenach Elizabeth formally renounced the world; then going to Master Conrad at Marburg, she and her maids received from him the dress of the Third Order of St. Francis, thus being among the first tertiaries of Germany. In the summer of 1228 she built the Franciscan hospital at Marburg and on its completion devoted herself entirely to the care of the sick, especially to those afflicted with the most loathsome diseases. Conrad of Marburg still imposed many self-mortifications and spiritual renunciations, while at the same time he even took from Elizabeth her devoted domestics. Constant in her devotion to God, Elizabeth's strength was consumed by her charitable labors, and she passed away at the age of twenty-four, a time when life to most human beings is just opening.

Very soon after the death of Elizabeth miracles began to be worked at her grave in the church of the hospital, especially miracles of healing. Master Conrad showed great zeal in advancing the process of canonization. By papal command three examinations were held of those who had been healed: namely, in August, 1232, January, 1233, and January, 1235. Before the process reached its end, however, Conrad was murdered, July 30, 1233. But the Teutonic Knights in 1233 founded a house at Marburg, and in November, 1234, Conrad, Landgrave of Thuringia, the brother-in-law of Elizabeth, entered the order. At Pentecost (May 28) of the year 1235, the solemn ceremony of canonization of the "greatest woman of the German Middle Ages" was celebrated by Gregory IX at Perugia, Landgrave Conrad being present. In August of the same year (1235) the cornerstone of the beautiful Gothic church of St. Elizabeth was laid at Marburg; on May 1, 1236, Emperor Frederick II attended the taking-up of the body of the saint; in 1249 the remains were placed in the choir of the church of St. Elizabeth, which was not consecrated until 1283. Pilgrimages to the grave soon increased to such importance that at times they could be compared to those to the shrine of Santiago de Compostela. In 1539 Philip the Magnanimous, Landgrave of Hesse, who had become a Protestant, put an end to the pilgrimages by unjustifiable interference with the church that belonged to the Teutonic Order and by forcibly removing the relics and all that was sacred to Elizabeth. Nevertheless, the entire German people still honor the "dear St. Elizabeth" as she is called; in 1907 a new impulse was given to her veneration in Germany and Austria by the celebration of the seven hundredth anniversary of her birth. St. Elizabeth is generally represented as a princess graciously giving alms to the wretched poor or as holding roses in her lap; in the latter case she is portrayed either alone or as surprised by her husband, who, according to a legend, which is, however, related of other saints as well, met her unexpectedly as she went secretly on an errand of mercy, and, so the story runs, the bread she was trying to conceal was suddenly turned into roses.

MICHAEL BIHL


text: Author:Josef Hollweck

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Author:Josef Hollweck


text: Author:Nikolaus Scheid

title: Author:Nikolaus Scheid


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Page:Letters from Abroad to Kindred at Home (Volume 1).djvu/200

Rh a drawbridge and under a portcullis, when the warder appeared. He was a sober-suited youth, with a rueful countenance; love-lorn, the girls said, pointing to his hump-back and a braid of hair round his neck. He bowed without relaxing a muscle, and led us through a walled court where there were green grass and potted plants, and, perched over our heads in niches of the rock, eagles who, it would appear, but for the bars of iron before them, had selected these eyries of their own free-will. Our warder proceeded through a passage with a pretty mosaic pavement to the knight's hall, which is hung with weapons of the middle ages, disposed in regular figures. The ceiling is painted with knight's devices, and complete suits of armour, helmets, and richly-embossed shields hang against the wall.

We were repeatedly assured that the furniture was, in truth, of the middle ages, and had been collected by the prince at infinite pains; and looking at it in good faith as we proceeded, everything pleased us. There is a centre-table with an effigy in stone of Charlemagne, a most fantastical old clock, carved Gothic chairs, oak tables; in the dining-room an infinite variety of silver drinking-cups, utensils of silver, and of ivory richly carved, and very small diamond-shaped mirrors, all cracked ; by-the-way, an incidental proof of their antiquity. The princess' rooms, en suite, are very prettily got up; her sleeping-room has an oaken bedstead of the fourteenth century, with a high, carved foot-board like a rampart, and curtains of mixed silk and woollen. In the


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User talk:DivermanAU

— billinghurst  sDrewth  10:09, 14 August 2012 (UTC)

Doing nice work
Gday. You are doing some excellent proofreading on "The Dictionary of Australasian Biography". As a tip, with sections, I am not sure whether you are using the ## section name ## or the pair of … anyway, it would be lovely if you could insert the section names within double quote " ". It is a good practice as without the quotes it just sees the first word as the section name (it terminates on a space), so becomes problematic wherever a surname repeats on a page; whereas with the quotes, it takes the whole component as the tag name. Thanks. — billinghurst  sDrewth  13:52, 19 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the feedback and tips;, I tried the ## section name ## method on one page and it didn't seem to work out, so more recently I've been using section begin/end. I'll remember to use " " for the ## method if I try it again. Diverman (talk) 21:19, 19 August 2012 (UTC)
 * You are doing a fantastic job, and you've got the transclusions spot on. As feedback about my original formatting for the work, I am still uncertain about the div formatting. Some of the smaller look RS when spread, and some of the larger don't need to be squashed.  That said it looks good on my handheld devices. If you are into hacking your js configuration pages, I have some good javascript shortcuts that help to take some of the tedium from editing, eg. section tags and transclusion.  Some in the old toolbar, some in a sidebar. Call if you want assistance. With wikilinks, we link 0) all works mentioned; and preferentially 1) articles within a work and especially with q.v.-type links, and with this work we use DAB lkpl (ie. link plain), 2) to Author pages where they exist or may exist, 3) to enWP.  We have tended to underlink other components of works.  If you are at enWP, then there we have cite Australasia that links back to the individual pieces of the work. — billinghurst  sDrewth  12:28, 20 August 2012 (UTC)
 * Thanks again for the feedback, I'm keen to try out the javascript shortcuts and would appreciate your guidance on how to install and use them. I've used my first DAB lkpl link just recently, I'll try to keep using them where relevant. I've also used the cite Australasia link at WP, it's a good way to link those articles back to a primary source.Diverman (talk) 02:47, 21 August 2012 (UTC)
 * I should have noted that I am a bit of a dinosaur and 1) using the older style toolbar Special:Preferences and turning off the beta features as per Tools and scripts/More editing buttons; 2) sidebar regex tool Special:Preferences and you would need to modify the preferences to use these features. As an admin, I am able to edit your Special:MyPage/common.js file and can load some of these instances if that is helpful to you. — billinghurst  sDrewth  11:34, 22 August 2012 (UTC)

I have moved forward (if I understand your statements) and put in place the regex text components, and you will need to turn on your regex gadget. To see and use these components, when you edit you will see grey clickable text on the left had side of the edit pane, beneath the sidebar. Some are designed solely for certain namespace. If this has worked, and you are ready for toolbar buttons, let me know. — billinghurst  sDrewth  13:58, 10 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Not sure how to turn on regex gadget, sorry. I'll need instructions, I'm not familiar with the gadgets. I didn't see any grey editable text yet.
 * As an aside, I have written a script (in AutoIt) to auto-generate the individual's entries in Australasian. I start with a CSV file that has the person's name and djvu page numbers. So when I proofread pages, I paste the data in Excel, then do a little massaging, save the CSV file and pass that as a parameter to the script. Then it auto-generates the text (one per entry) that transcludes that person's info. Then I paste that into Wikisource. Diverman (talk) 07:44, 11 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Special:Preferences check the box for the text "Add a sidebar menu of user-defined regex tools, with a dynamic form for instant one-use regex (documentation)." and save it. This turns the tool on. — billinghurst  sDrewth  13:28, 13 September 2012 (UTC)

RunningHeader Script "rh"
I've been using the "clean up" script when editing pages - it's very handy, thanks! (Just got to watch for valid hyphenated words split across lines like "Agent-General" where the hyphen vanishes.)

I haven't been able to get the Rh script to work - it doesn't appear to do anything. Is there a technique for making it work? I've just been using the RunningHeader tempate manually. Diverman (talk) 11:15, 30 September 2012 (UTC)

For RunningHeader, you have a choice of three parameters which are $1 = left, $2 = center, or $3 = right. Alternatively you can use named parameters left=left text, right = right text, and center =center text — billinghurst  sDrewth  15:02, 30 September 2012 (UTC)
 * I would generally do and

Woohoo! Congratulations
Fantastic job on the completion of The Dictionary of Australasian Biography. I think that you deserve the task of now editing this to Template:New texts. Again congrats. — billinghurst  sDrewth  03:15, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
 * You need to add the new texts/item template to Template:New texts rather than to the work. Cheers, Beeswaxcandle (talk) 07:00, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks for that Beeswaxcandle, I wasn't sure where it should go and now fixed it up. Diverman (talk) 11:14, 3 March 2013 (UTC)

Congratulations to you and Billinghurst on completing this work. It looks like it was a huge project which I'm sure you happy to see the back of. Thanks. Moondyne (talk) 09:44, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Thanks Moondyne, and thanks to Billinghurst for starting the project. Now I'm going to be adding info from the DAB to Wikipedia where appropriate for a while to come! Diverman (talk) 11:14, 3 March 2013 (UTC)
 * Oh gee, and here I had in mind Strzelecki's Index:Physical Description of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land.djvu :-))) — billinghurst  sDrewth  14:30, 3 March 2013 (UTC)

DAB link is available for the fuller citations. — billinghurst  sDrewth  01:54, 8 April 2013 (UTC)

Wikisource User Group
Wikisource, the free digital library is moving towards better implementation of book management, proofreading and uploading. All language communities are very important in Wikisource. We would like to propose a Wikisource User Group, which would be a loose, volunteer organization to facilitate outreach and foster technical development, join if you feel like helping out. This would also give a better way to share and improve the tools used in the local Wikisources. You are invited to join the mailing list 'wikisource-l' (English), the IRC channel #wikisource, the facebook page or the Wikisource twitter. As a part of the Google Summer of Code 2013, there are four projects related to Wikisource. To get the best results out of these projects, we would like your comments about them. The projects are listed at Wikisource across projects. You can find the midpoint report for developmental work done during the IEG on Wikisource here.

Global message delivery, 23:21, 24 July 2013 (UTC)

New Proposal Notification - Replacement of common main-space header template
Announcing the listing of a new formal proposal recently added to the Scriptorium community-discussion page, Proposals section, titled:

 * • Switch header template foundation from table-based to division-based

The proposal entails the replacement of the current Header template familiar to most with a structurally redesigned new Header template. Replacement is a needed first step in series of steps needed to properly address the long time deficiencies behind several issues as well as enhance our mobile device presence.

There should be no significant operational or visual differences between the existing and proposed Header templates under normal usage (i.e. Desktop view). The change is entirely structural -- moving away from the existing HTML all Table make-up to an all Div[ision] based one.

Please examine the testcases where the current template is compared to the proposed replacement. Don't forget to also check Mobile Mode from the testcases page -- which is where the differences between current header template & proposed header template will be hard to miss.

For those who are concerned over the possible impact replacement might have on specific works, you can test the replacement on your own by entering edit mode, substituting the header tag   with   and then previewing the work with the change in place. Saving the page with the change in place should not be needed but if you opt to save the page instead of just previewing it, please remember to revert the change soon after your done inspecting the results.

Your questions or comments are welcomed. At the same time I personally urge participants to support this proposed change. -- George Orwell III (talk) 02:04, 13 January 2015 (UTC)

EB1911 updates
Thanks for the proofreading efforts in EB1911 page space. EB1911 needs a lot more attention and there aren't enough editors! However, you may be setting the rest of us a high bar with the typographical changes. In case you didn't see it, I re-opened that discussion at Wikisource talk:WikiProject 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. DavidBrooks (talk) 19:42, 26 February 2015 (UTC)
 * Added: I see you have been at this for a long time - longer than me. I apologize for not realizing that. Still, my comments are based on discussions with PBS and Bob Burkhart, and I understand they are well plugged-in to the consensus discussions. DavidBrooks (talk) 22:35, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

 * That's fine — I was just basing my work on that of others before me e.g. https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:EB1911_-_Volume_01.djvu/901 used “curly quotes” in 2011. I'd done previous work on the DNB, they didn't use "straight quotes" in their text then. One of the comments on the WikiProject page you mentioned was “We are aiming to reproduce the text as printed” (2006) — is that still the case? But happy to conform with consensus views. Diverman (talk) 22:52, 27 February 2015 (UTC)

 * I believe the consensus is more subtle now; it's more like "be faithful to the content but think like a contemporary printer". There are IMO already too many Talk pages to track in this project (not to mention Scriptorium where I dare not tread), but the most recent discussion is in Wikisource talk:WikiProject 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Style Manual, near the end of page. When I say "discussion", I mean I asked some questions and some of them were answered. And WS:MOS is the master consensus. I was happy with curly apostrophes (they are really easy to enter using the Win8 onscreen keyboard) but MOS seems to trend against them. My current rules are: no extraneous space markup, straight apos but curly quotes, polytonic for Greek. Feel free to enter the discussion. And this reminds me I intended to expand the images help text. DavidBrooks (talk) 03:40, 28 February 2015 (UTC)
 * hi, thanks for the work on EB1911 Page:EB1911 - Volume 04.djvu/701. volume 4 has articles already proofread in article space, and i’m copy pasting them over onto page space with a transclusion. volumes 14-28 need a lot of love.  Slowking4 ♡ 15:30, 28 February 2015 (UTC)

 * hi, thanks for the referencing at english wikipedia. only 5,789 articles to go. i would do more there, but an admin is reverting my references. i’ve moved on, but will try to work on wikisource EB articles periodically. Slowking4 ‽ T A L K 12:41, 31 May 2016 (UTC)

 * Hi Slowking4, thanks also for your work on EB1911. Who is the admin on Wikipedia reverting your edits? Maybe I'll have a quiet work with them. DivermanAU (talk) 02:24, 2 June 2016 (UTC)

 * well, i have a list here (the bottom of the list is put back by others) but i wouldn’t bother. he’s a vandal fighter, and beyond reason. Slowking4 ‽ T A L K 02:39, 2 June 2016 (UTC)

Contributor initials
Looking at your update to Page:EB1911 - Volume 04.djvu/113, you may not be aware of Template:EB1911 footer initials. In this case:. That helps with consistent formatting. There's still a bug that I hope some HTML wizard can fix: it does leave a fairly large vertical margin, but if you include it on the same line as a Small Print section, the latter's line spacing can be broken. Also, someone started producing per-contributor templates (see Category:EB1911 contributor templates), but I think the community voted against continuing with them, and in any case they have ended up with redundant parentheses (I fixed a few). DavidBrooks (talk) 16:28, 16 March 2015 (UTC)

 * Hi, thanks for the tip. I only became aware of the footer initials template recently. I added it to my User:Diverman page — where I have a few templates/tips for myself — shortly before your note. I'll make use of it.
 * For me, the best tip I read was one recently was to use the EB1911 text from Project Gutenberg (I right-click and choose "View Page Source") for use in the Wikisource EB1911 pages. I recorded a couple of macros in Notepad++ to automate the conversion of the HTML tags for: ’ ” italic words etc. into: ' ” italic words . A little more formatting and you have a proofed page! Diverman (talk) 20:19, 16 March 2015 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Diverman. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Diverman~enwikisource that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:24, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Diverman and DivermanAU
Just confirming that Diverman and DivermanAU are both my accounts in Wikipedia and in Wikisource. As explained I was prompted to change my account from Diverman, I didn't really want to, but I did anyway as I didn't think there was a choice. DivermanAU (talk) 02:20, 24 March 2015 (UTC)

Greek, and hairspace
I noticed a couple of recent changes you made:
 * Greek to Polytonic: someone a few months ago (PBS?) pointed out that consensus was to use Greek (at least on wikisource) and the EB1911 Style manual calls for Greek, but I forget the rationale. The style manual discussion suggests either will do.
 * Replacing a literal n-dash with –. I appreciate your preference for textual fidelity and introducing the hairspace. My concerns are consistency (I have written an awful lot of unadorned ndashes recently) and also that some others may mistake that for a template hyphen and try to copy your markup, resulting in the "clear both margins" operation. The same danger is present with a simple – character, but at least a hyphen is not such a bad substitute. Using &ndash; resolves that ambiguity, but again consensus is strongly against using html entities. Do you want to argue for consistent use of the template? See also a note by EncycloPetey on Wikisource talk:WikiProject 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. DavidBrooks (talk) 22:06, 29 June 2015 (UTC)
 * ETA - yes, I use the ― template a lot (that's an mdash) because I find the hair-space stops the ink bleeding from the dash to the letters around it. But apparently the village pump is, or was, also discussing deprecation of that template. There is still not a full consensus on visual fidelity, but I would point out that photographic fidelity is not possible (who has that typeface in their browser?) and what's important is semantic fidelity. DavidBrooks (talk) 23:11, 29 June 2015 (UTC)

 * Hi DavidBrooks, I was going on your advice from an earlier discussion (28 February 2015) on this page where you had as your rule "polytonic for Greek". I thought the use of polytonic was encouraged because it displays the accents etc. of Ancient Greek better. There's no indication on the Polytonic template page or discussion page that Greek should be used instead. I wasn't aware of the consensus change. I also wasn't aware of the other issues for the ndash and mdash templates. I thought the templates were there to solve issues. DivermanAU (talk) 07:53, 30 June 2015 (UTC)

 * You should probably take these discussions back to the project talk page. I get the advice from PBS and EncycloPetey, who have been in this space a long time and are tuned into the wiki-wide discussions.

 * The Greek and Polytonic templates have the same purpose, to render using a more appropriate typeface and mark the language using lang html tags, and on my screen they have an identical result. The difference in implementation is that Polytonic embeds the font family list using Polytonic fonts (to my mind, this refactoring makes it more flexible, and the extra computing cost is negligible). As a result "Greek" uses style="font-family: DejaVu Sans, Athena, Gentium, Palatino Linotype, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Lucida Grande, Code2000, sans-serif;", and "Polytonic fonts" uses "Athena, Gentium, 'Palatino Linotype', 'Arial Unicode MS', 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', Code2000". I don't know what DejaVu adds; it's not on my Windows 8.1 box and I use Palatino Linotype. So, really, right now the choice of template seems to be personal preference, unless the community has plans to change one of them. Both names are slightly misleading. "Greek" is easier to type. "Polytonic" seems to imply "use polytonic characters" but actually the character code determines that. It's really "use the font that was conventional during the time before Monotonic became standard in Greece". DavidBrooks (talk) 13:50, 30 June 2015 (UTC)

EB1911 Fine Print size
Copied from Page:EB1911 - Volume 04.djvu/404 -

--font 100% --

See the articles on, , ,. Also John Robson, Hinduism and Christianity; and the Theistic Quarterly Review (the organ of the Society since 1880).

-- EB1911 Fine Print (shown at original size of 85%)--

See the articles on, , ,. Also John Robson, Hinduism and Christianity; and the Theistic Quarterly Review (the organ of the Society since 1880).

--fontsize 90 -- See the articles on, , ,. Also John Robson, Hinduism and Christianity; and the Theistic Quarterly Review (the organ of the Society since 1880).

--fontsize 95 -- See the articles on, , ,. Also John Robson, Hinduism and Christianity; and the Theistic Quarterly Review (the organ of the Society since 1880).

I believe the EB1911 Fine Print template shows the text too small (based on my measurements of the scanned book, the font size of the Fine Print is about 95%. DivermanAU (talk) 02:51, 3 July 2015 (UTC)

Updated scripts
Hi DivermanAU. I edited your common.js to update you to the latest version of TemplateScript. You were using a much older version called regex menu framework, so you should notice a lot of improvements. A few of the big changes:

Let me know if anything breaks. :) — Pathoschild 16:37, 12 September 2015 (UTC)

most templates don't handle an equals
With templates if you need to use an equals, then you need to do a little work with the sign. Either use the template = (and look how I have to do that in the code) or force the positional parameter, sometimes you need to force an = sign eg. sometimes you need to force an = sign. What is happening there is that the equals sign is telling the template that all the stuff before the equals is a parameter called 'whatever you had'. — billinghurst  sDrewth  12:42, 12 November 2015 (UTC)

EB1911 Braces.
I just want to say thank you personally for starting the integration of braces to eb1911, it's one of the few projects I feel dedicated to work on. Some of the titles of articles run over the maximum length of braces, such as "andrew of Longjumeau" on page xxvi, along with others scattered throughout. I've made a temporary fix by simply shrinking the font, is there a better way that you can think of? Legofan94 (talk) 15:45, 1 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Hi Legofan94, glad to see you noticed the braces. I saw you had made some brace additions too, so thanks! I had a look at djvu/25 - when I edited and removed the small font and previewed, "Andrew of Longjumeau" looked OK to me - it was still all on one line. I used both Chrome and IE11 on Windows 7 to do that and it looked OK on both. I’ve now used thinspaces "& thinsp;" for his entry to see if it make a difference for you. (Did you try different zoom levels in your browser?) I think the longer-term fix (if it’s an issue on some browsers) would be to edit "Template:EB1911 contributor table/entry" and change the width of the subjects column — it’s currently at 15em. (I think the Initials column also needs widening slightly as some four-letter initials do wrap-around; I have used the thinspace work-around on some of those.) I’ll take a look, I think I can use a width like 15.5em. Keep up the good work!
 * I also had a go at having a large brace span multiple subject, rows see Page:EB1911 - Volume 01.djvu/24 (under author A. C. L.) it works OK but had to use the literal code from the template. I'll see if there’s another way. — DivermanAU (talk) 18:05, 1 March 2016 (UTC)

 * Well Longjumeau's bracket looks alright, except since I'm using an Acer Chromebook with a roughly 10 inch screen, I have to scroll out to 67% to see it fully. And even when I'm zoomed out this far, it does nothing to affect some other longer titles, including "American War of Independence: Naval Operations". I agree; The best choice would be to manually edit the templates code and make it extend out a few centimeters to the left. Another thing, should the title of the first page be changed to a footnote? because I can't think of a way to keep the footnote and bottom running header seperate, while also keeping the header below. --Legofan94 (talk) 18:52, 1 March 2016 (UTC)

Changes to Template:EB1911 Shoulder HeadingSmall
Please see Template talk:EB1911 Shoulder Heading in it I have explained my change to -- PBS (talk) 16:13, 2 January 2017 (UTC)

Template:Greek
This template is for the modern form of the language, not for the polytonic script. For that, use polytonic. This is standard across several projects. --EncycloPetey (talk) 20:34, 5 April 2017 (UTC)

Double table headers
Hi. With Template:EB1911 contributor table and Template:EB1911 contributor table B/entry there appears to be two heads to the table. They are being reported by the lint error function. It looks to be a serious template and not inviting to a casual fix. Would you mind reviewing. Thanks. — billinghurst  sDrewth  08:46, 29 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Hi, the first one Template:EB1911 contributor table looks OK to me, I can only see one header. I didn´t ceate that template, I just made one minor edit to it. The second one I also didn't create, I don't pretend to fully understand it, it's just a copy I made of Template:EB1911 contributor table/entry. It does contain a nested table (based on the comment "nested table to hold initials and name/bio" ) that's in there. That may explain why there are two headers, one nested inside another. DivermanAU (talk) 17:47, 29 July 2017 (UTC)

FYI only
This is nothing more than an FYI for your enWP editing. I have found and started on Index:Notable South Australians.djvu, most of the detail looks reasonable for us with regards to notability, though there may be edge cases. At this stage I am just transcribing rather than judging. Unfortunately all scan versions that I found had shitty reproduction of the photographs. I will give you a holler when I have got far enough to start transcluding. — billinghurst  sDrewth  04:47, 19 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Stolen images from another scan, not fabulous, images serviceable bar one. Started transcluding Notable South Australians — billinghurst  sDrewth  04:53, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

Rather than revert, tell me the issue
The revert means that we have a strong of table headers being inserted and not compliant with the rendering system. So tell me the issue that you see with the changed code as I don't see a problem with the page, nor where it is transcluded. — billinghurst  sDrewth  03:45, 8 December 2017 (UTC)

 * Hi billinghurst, I did the revert because it looks you made the same change to that page Page:EB1911 - Volume 08.djvu/6 you made on 12 September which caused the same issue. When you removed elements on that page, it badly affected the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 8/Table of contributors page (which transcludes the other page) and "broke" the table display. The page before and after page/6 were displaying OK but page/6 wasn't so that why I fixed it by reverting. DivermanAU (talk) 05:41, 8 December 2017 (UTC)
 * Problem is that the existing breaks other things, and is showing up in lint errors that need resolving. Sometimes I hate these really complex templates that are so tricky to update. :-/ — billinghurst  sDrewth  06:33, 8 December 2017 (UTC)

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Category:EB 1911 no volume
I can bot these to add volumes, if you can point (this lazy person) to a simple list of volumes and alpha-contents. — billinghurst  sDrewth  23:56, 26 April 2018 (UTC)
 * and for the interminably lazy, how about for lazy counting ...  — billinghurst  sDrewth  01:06, 27 April 2018 (UTC)

 * Thanks for offering a bot to fix these up, see below a list of articles needing "|volume=" and which volume. Note some articles relating to Magic e.g. "Talismans and Amulets" may appear to be out-of-order but I've amended these in the list below (they probably should be moved to a sub-article e.g. "Magic/Talismans and Amulets".

 * Name,Vol
 * Boulogne,4
 * Boulogne-sur-Mer,4
 * Boulogne-sur-Seine,4
 * "Boulton, Matthew",4
 * Bound,4
 * "Bounds, Beating the",4
 * Bounty,4
 * "Bourbaki, Charles Denis Sauter",4
 * Bourbon,4
 * Bourbon l'Archambault,4
 * "Bourbon, Charles",4
 * Bourbon-Lancy,4
 * Bourbonne-les-Bains,4
 * "Bourchier, Arthur",4
 * "Bourchier, Thomas",4
 * "Bourdaloue, Louis",4
 * "Bourdon, François Louis",4
 * Bourg-en-Bresse,4
 * "Bourgeois, Léon Victor Auguste",4
 * Bourges,4
 * "Bourget, Paul Charles Joseph",4
 * "Bourignon, Antoinette",4
 * Bourke,4
 * "Bourmont, Louis Auguste Victor",4
 * Bourne (stream),4
 * Bourne (town),4
 * "Bourne, Vincent",4
 * Bournemouth,4
 * Bournonite,4
 * Bourrée,4
 * "Bourrienne, Louis Antoine Fauvelet de",4
 * "Bourrit, Marc Théodore",4
 * "Boursault, Edme",4
 * Bourse,4
 * "Boursse, Esaias",4
 * "Boussingault, Jean Baptiste Joseph Dieudonné",4
 * "Bouterwek, Friedrich",4
 * "Bouthillier, Claude",4
 * Bouts-Rimés,4
 * "Esquiros, Henri François Alphonse",9
 * "Estaing, Charles Hector, Comte d'",9
 * Eugenol,9
 * Euhemerus,9
 * "Eulenspiegel, Till",9
 * "Euler, Leonhard",9
 * Evil Magic,17
 * Examinations,10
 * Exarch,10
 * Excambion,10
 * Excellency,10
 * "Frère-Orban, Hubert Joseph Walther",11
 * "Gama, Vasco da",11
 * Gemini,11
 * Germany/History,11
 * "Grenville, Sir Richard (naval commander)",12
 * "Grenville, William Wyndham Grenville, Baron",12
 * "Hale, Nathan",12
 * "Herculano de Carvalho e Araujo, Alexandre",13
 * Hildburghausen,13
 * History of Magic,17
 * Immanuel ben Solomon,13
 * Immersion,13
 * "Inchbald, Mrs Elizabeth",13
 * Indo-Aryan Languages,13
 * Indo-European Languages,13
 * Indole,13
 * Irnerius,13
 * "La Chaussée, Pierre Claude Nivelle de",16
 * "La Fayette, Marie-Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne",16
 * "La Salle, René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de",16
 * "Lacordaire, Jean Baptiste Henri",16
 * Lahore,16
 * "Lanessan, Jean Marie Antoine de",16
 * "Lathrop, Francis",16
 * "Lawson, Cecil Gordon",16
 * "Lawson, Sir John",16
 * "Lawson, Sir Wilfrid",16
 * "Legouvé, Gabriel Jean Baptiste Ernest Wilfrid",16
 * "Legros, Alphonse",16
 * "Lescure, Louis Marie Joseph, Marquis de",16
 * Lincoln (Illinois),16
 * Lincoln (Nebraska),16
 * "Lincoln Judgment, The",16
 * "Lindsey, Theophilus",16
 * "Lister, Joseph Lister, 1st Baron",16
 * Louvain,17
 * "Lytton, Edward George Earle Lytton, Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron",17
 * "Machiavelli, Niccolò",17
 * Magic and Demonology,17
 * Magic and Divination,17
 * Magic and Science,17
 * Magical Rites,17
 * Magicians,17
 * Magico-Religious Force,17
 * "Manning, Henry Edward",17
 * Michigan City,18
 * "Michigan, Lake",18
 * "Michigan, University of",18
 * Michmash,18
 * Michoacán,18
 * "Mickiewicz, Adam",18
 * "Mickle, William Julius",18
 * Millennium,18
 * Momein,18
 * "Mommsen, Theodor",18
 * "Montrose, Marquesses and Dukes of",18
 * Negative Magic,17
 * "Numbers, Book of",19
 * Origin of Magic,17
 * "Oxe, Peder",20
 * "Oxenbridge, John",20
 * "Oxenham, Henry Nutcombe",20
 * Oxenstjerna,20
 * "Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da",20
 * Pallium,20
 * "Paul, the Apostle",20
 * "Peacham, Henry",21
 * "Peckham, John",21
 * "Pendleton, Edmund",21
 * Psychology of Magic,17
 * "Quay, Matthew Stanley",22
 * "Raabe, Wilhelm",22
 * Rain-making,17
 * Ram,22
 * Ramaḍān,22
 * "Rambaud, Alfred Nicolas",22
 * "Rameau, Jean Philippe",22
 * "Rowland, Henry Augustus",23
 * Rules and Abbreviations,23
 * "Scotland, Church of",24
 * "Scotland, Episcopal Church of",24
 * "Scott, Alexander",24
 * "Scott, David",24
 * "Sickingen, Franz von",24
 * St Paul (Minnesota),24
 * "Stenbock, Magnus Gustafsson, Count",25
 * "Stumpf, Johann",25
 * Sturdza,25
 * Sture,25
 * Sympathy,17
 * Talismans and Amulets,17
 * The Magic of Names,17
 * Theories of Magic,17
 * Uighur,27
 * "Uist, North and South",27
 * Uitenhage,27
 * Ujest,27
 * Ujiji,27
 * Ujjain,27
 * Ujvidék,27
 * Ukaz,27
 * Ukraine,27
 * Ulundi,27
 * "Vespucci, Amerigo",27
 * Voiron,28
 * "Voisenon, Claude Henri de Fuzée, Abbé de",28
 * "Wren, Sir Christopher",28

DivermanAU (talk) 20:28, 28 April 2018 (UTC)

 * I have added a volume to all the EB1911 articles in the category "EB 1911 no volume". It leaves the category still populated with about 400 non-article pages. -- PBS (talk) 22:13, 11 September 2018 (UTC)

Greek transliterations
In this edit (thanks!) you provided some Greek transliterations. I provided some in my new Wikipedia article w:Origins of ecclesiastical vestments, but they differ. I know no classical or modern Greek beyond the alphabet, but I used the guidance in Naming conventions (Greek). There are some differences: notably I didn't use the stress marks on internal vowels, and collapsed ei (and didn't have the embedded mark) in en'cheírion. Is there a different transliteration guidance for Wikisource, or am I not understanding all the details? DavidBrooks (talk) 17:32, 30 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Hi! I use this website: http://transliterate.com/ which seems to provide an accurate and quick transliteration (I believe more accurate too than that used by the Gutenberg proofers of EB1911). The website also transliterate Hebrew. It's my no. 1 resource for Greek  transliteration. :) DivermanAU (talk) 20:49, 30 July 2018 (UTC)

 * One of the best written guides is on Wiktionary at wikt:Wiktionary:Ancient_Greek_transliteration. I don't know how transliterate.com compares to the recommendations there. --EncycloPetey (talk) 20:55, 30 July 2018 (UTC)

 * Thanks EncycloPetey; that's an interesting guide, though it doesn't seem to cover the various diacritics (which can change the pronunciation a lot) in Ancient Greek as used in the EB1911. e.g. Using http://transliterate.com/, transliterates as Ḕetá ;  as Ēeta ; and  as Hēethāi. The main thing I like about transliterate.com is you can just copy a whole phrase in Greek and have it quickly transliterated (I don't understand Greek, so it does it for me). DivermanAU (talk) 22:54, 30 July 2018 (UTC)

 * I think a summary of the above is: there is no Wikisource-specific guidance, and perhaps there should be (follow wikt, use transliterate,com, other?). It wouldn't necessarily be the same as the Wikipedia guidance because the context is very different. And the rules might depend on the age of the source itself. Did I over-complicate? DavidBrooks (talk) 23:55, 30 July 2018 (UTC)

You can use the already-proofed text from Gutenberg
I had a go today at using your drop box downloads for an article "Irrigation". But as far as I can tell that particular "Slice" is missing. I had a go at running you program. I downloaded the HTML onto my machine and it produced an output file starting with Wiki. It has a size but seems to be nothing but white spaces (I do not have a programming environment on the laptop I am using so there is no easy way to see what is actually in the file other than with an editor).

Years ago another editor User:Tim Starling had a 25 gig scan set of EB1911 on Wikisource. Perhaps it would be a good idea to place the files you have in a sub page under the EB1911 Project, or on the Pages space. (This would remove the problems of it affecting you own storage limits on dropbox and I think it would encourage others to make use of them). If you decide to put the pages onto Wikisource, I would suggest that you ask at the scriptorium where would be the most suitable place to put them.

-- PBS (talk) 17:33, 11 September 2018 (UTC)

 * Hi PBS, not sure what's going on with the conversion script on your laptop, but I've now copied that converted text slice to the Dropbox. I'll look at other places to upload my converted text files, but so far they total only around 85MB.
 * If you'd like any other slices converted let me know. DivermanAU (talk) 22:41, 11 September 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks. As it happens I used have notepad++ my laptop (although I prefer vi[m] which I do not have), but the file size is apparently too large for notepad++. I'll look into it further. -- PBS (talk) 13:28, 12 September 2018 (UTC)

Britannica section headings
Hi DivermanAU. I'm a newbie so sorry if I'm interfering. I noticed one of your edits to EB1911 had affected transclusion, and wanted to draw my comment Scriptorium/Help to your attention. Thanks. --Cedders (talk) 11:17, 15 January 2019 (UTC)

 * Hi Cedders, thanks for pointing that out. I usually check pages I've edited for changed section tags, looks like I didn't check that page. I also found the tag was changed for so I fixed that one too. DivermanAU (talk) 11:31, 15 January 2019 (UTC)

Use of ḥ in Hebrew?
I realize it's been over 2 years, but in this diff to Page:EB1911 - Volume 01.djvu/466, you rendered the latinized Hebrew for AHAB with a ḥ (Latin Small Letter H with Dot Below). I have no clue at all about 1911's Hebrew conventions, but to me the original looks like a simple smudge. It's also present in the archive.org copy, but that could be the same blemish. Do you know if ḥ is actually correct? DavidBrooks (talk) 21:43, 22 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Hi David, I checked again at https://archive.org/stream/encyclopaediabri01chisrich#page/428/mode/1up — it looks quite clear to me. But I also did some research and found this at Wiktionary/ḥ "In transliterations from foreign scripts (e.g., Hebrew, Arabic) to Latin script..." So it looks legitimate. Funny coincidence — I was editing Page:EB1911 - Volume 01.djvu/174 when I saw your notification - part of the edit was to add dots below (four instances of "Aḥiḳar")! DivermanAU (talk) 22:16, 22 July 2019 (UTC)

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Vol. 12 edit conflict
Sorry about edit conflict. I shall avoid any edits to vol. 12 until 2 January 2020 (or a later date if you indicate one).Suslindisambiguator (talk)

Migrations for articles in EB1911 vol. 12
Looking at https://tools.wmflabs.org/checker/?db=enwikisource_p&title=Index:EB1911_-_Volume_12.djvu shows that we have numbers of pages that are not transcluded, so presumably they are the direct text only articles, and we should be looking to move them to be transcluded. Something that you would consider doing? — billinghurst  sDrewth  00:56, 9 January 2020 (UTC)
 * Yes, I've been working on those today! :) DivermanAU (talk) 00:57, 9 January 2020 (UTC)

Fénelon, François de Salignac de La Mothe
hi, saw your redirect don't know why you would spell a French name, by the English article, see also https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9nelon, and also https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_Guyon but it can be both ways, very confusing https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Motte --cheers. Slowking4 ⚔ Rama's revenge 22:00, 22 June 2020 (UTC)

 * Yes, I see the French spelling, I guess I was just trying to be consistent in the EB1911 articles which have "de la". Initially, I modified the article spelling because Author:François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon had a redlink to the EB1911 article. At least now both spellings end up at an article. DivermanAU (talk) 23:08, 22 June 2020 (UTC)

EB1911 Page Heading spacing
I see here that you added an em-space to parameter 4 of EB1911 Page Heading (I originated that template). Does that help to center the title properly? If so, should we maybe make it the default value of parameter 4? I never did figure out how to make the centering always work. DavidBrooks (talk) 00:32, 10 September 2020 (UTC)

 * Hi David, I usually add spacing to the header to center the subject, but the spacing depends on how many numerals are in the page number. In the example you gave the page number is 366 and with three numerals, a spacing of 1.6 ems is almost exactly {em|1.6} (using the em template). I used a plain space and an emspace as a good approximation without using another template on that page. If it's a single-digit page number, an enspace is a good approximation; emspace for two-digits. And, of course, depending on whether the page is the left-hand or right-hand side, the spacing is parameter 1 or 4. DivermanAU (talk) 01:28, 10 September 2020 (UTC)

in tables
Hi! Just a quick note: the HTML attribute  in tables is deprecated and can cause problems, for example in rendering engines that only use the modern CSS constructs. It's better to use the CSS style  (or the shorthand  ). Inductiveload— talk/contribs 11:36, 8 January 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I'll use  from now on. (Note to self that   doesn't work as a substitute for center use  instead.) DivermanAU (talk) 20:21, 8 January 2021 (UTC)

EB11 Entries from PG
There are a bunch of entries at Category:Works_possibly_copied_from_Project_Gutenberg flagged as coming from EB11. Are you planning on transcluding over them? In other words, can we remove the link or wait a bit? Languageseeker (talk) 19:43, 6 April 2021 (UTC)

 * It looks like many of these EB1911 articles are already transcluded. Any that aren't will be transcluded at some stage. In nearly all cases, Gutenberg text has been used to help proof the article, not just a straight copy. So I believe the links can be removed (if you mean removing them from the category. DivermanAU (talk) 19:51, 6 April 2021 (UTC)

1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mechanics
I found 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mechanics in Category:Pages with math errors. I think it has too many pages, as there are no math errors there. There is, however, a "traffic jam" at the end 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Mechanics will get you to the jam.

I think it is too big. I had it split into "Kinetic" and "Static" but then I saw "Applied" and just quit the split. If I could remember where I saw a split EB1911 article (for the example), I would have split it into those three, awkward as it is. Splitting into "Theoretical" and "Applied" leaves one sentence (pretty much) on the Mechanics page.

Have you ever split an article up? Or, have you seen a split article and remember which one it was?--RaboKarbakian (talk) 03:02, 11 September 2021 (UTC)

 * Thanks for pointing out the size issue. Article is now split. DivermanAU (talk) 22:07, 11 September 2021 (UTC)
 * That's great! I knew there were not any rendering errors.... --RaboKarbakian (talk) 22:38, 11 September 2021 (UTC)

disambiguate at root
Hi. Rather than 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Perseus can you please disambiguate at Perseus. The community discussed these types of disambiguations and came to this preference. The reasoning was that as the subpages of a work were going to be listed elsewhere within the work and didn't need that separate disambiguation; and if it was necessary then we should do it at root, so that we were capturing all works of the name. Thanks. — billinghurst  sDrewth  13:41, 20 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Done! — DivermanAU (talk) 21:47, 20 September 2021 (UTC)

Missing Fig. 51 in EB1911 "Lighthouse"
Hi,

Page:EB1911 - Volume 16.djvu/668 references File:EB1911 - Lighthouse - Fig. 51.—Courtenay's Automatic Whistling Buoy.jpg which doesn't exist, but I see you did upload File:EB1911 - Lighthouse - Fig. 51.—Courtenay’s Automatic Whistling Buoy.jpg (i.e. the same but for a curly single quotation mark). Typo on upload I'm guessing? Xover (talk) 10:28, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

 * it seems ’s edit of 6 February 2022 broke the display of that image which was previously working (by changing a curly to straight quote mark). I've now restored the name of the image to that of my edit of 31 October 2020 so it displays again. ShakespeareFan00, can you please not change curly to straight apostrophes in EB1911? I've been making the case for using curly apostrophes (and previously there was a robot changing straight apostrophes to curly ones). The EB1911 Style manual says “In Arabic and Hebrew words it is preferable to use curly apostrophes ’ where they exist to distinguish them from the reversed commas ʽ. ” I believe it is best to be consistent in EB1911 and use curly apostrophes throughout (this matches the look of the printed page and is also in line with the decision to use curly double quotes). DivermanAU (talk) 11:19, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I've no particular opinion on the straight/curly issue for EB1911, but just as a "FYI" we generally do not use "fancy" characters (like curly quotes) in page names and, by extension, in file names. The kind of problem that happened in this instance being a prime reason why. In such instances I usually request renaming of the file at Commons (if the file is in use they leave a redirect behind so the move is transparent). In any case, thanks for sorting out the issue with Fig. 51! Xover (talk) 12:12, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks.. I have my suspicions those changes were down to the CleanupOCR script. Please let me know if you find other examples.ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 12:08, 14 March 2022 (UTC)

Mis-commented sections....
Hi..

As a partly pragmatic response to something raised by what you mentioned elsewhere. remarks

The idea behind creating this is to move certain comments to being remarks so that pages with them can be tracked, and so that admins/contributors have a category to exclude when trying to find mis-commented pages like the one you mentioned previously. Checking 33,000 pages manually for comment tags is prohibitively time consuming. However searching a few 100 page when most of the actuall comments or annotations have been converted would be easier.

If possible, I think the remarks template should possibly be extended so that it can have timestamped data about the user that added it. However, I wasn't sure how that could be added automatically. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 07:28, 9 May 2022 (UTC)

Pages tag
If you find more of these, don't worry about informing me, just fix it.

I've now checked through all the relevant conversion in my contributions. I do not think there are any problem conversions left. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 14:37, 15 May 2022 (UTC)

Quality reviews...

 * https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:ShakespeareFan00/checkpages and https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:ShakespeareFan00/EBcheckpages if you wanted to check alongside, my efforts. Asking me to recheck 9000 or so pages manually is not feasible, without a potential for further missed errors. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 08:09, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

Quality reviews...(part 2)
You might find using - https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PerfektesChaos/js/lintHint is useful. I have it installed and it's helped locate all manner of unpaired templates, and unclosed formatting :) ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 13:19, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks, I've now added it to my common.js page. DivermanAU (talk) 21:24, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I am trying to see if I can come up with some other pywikibot queries to find things as well, do you have any spec i fic patterns you are looking for? ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 22:34, 24 May 2022 (UTC)

 * , I added lintHint OK and I can see it as an option (just under the search box) on article pages e.g. 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Drowning and Life Saving, but on "pages" e.g. Page:EB1911 - Volume 08.djvu/619 it doesn't show. Is this expected behaviour, or do I need to configure something else? thanks. DivermanAU (talk) 22:23, 25 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Depending on the configuration, Lint Hint want show the button if it can't find errors in the page, or when run in edit mode in the 'body' of the Page:. There is some configuration information on the page at Wikipedia.  The difference between the Page: view and edit view is how I determine something is a header/footer generated error BTW. ShakespeareFan00 (talk)

 * Also you have to load it directly outside of other functions IIRC, See my common.js ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 06:18, 26 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that worked! I copied the lintHint lines from your common.js. Now it shows when I edit a "page" — although it incorrectly displays a "Missing end tag" warning if I have EB1911 fine print/s in the Page body and EB1911 fine print/e in the Footer. Also, no need for more 'thanks' for my edits. :) DivermanAU (talk) 10:26, 26 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Noted. Apologies for any that I've sent you between your above message, and me noting it in my inbox/notifcations. ShakespeareFan00 (talk)
 * BTW See below for a query that might be useful. If you know about pywikibot and PAWS, you might be able to work out other search patterns for common fixes as well. ( For some of my page conversions, and cleanup I used AutoWikiBrowser quite a lot.) ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 11:03, 26 May 2022 (UTC)
 * , The behaviour in edit space is a known limitation. If you want to have a different behaviour you would have to find someone with the EMCAscript skills to change what get's submitted to the back-end.  Having an option to check the entire page from edit mode (i.e with the noincludes) would be useful of course. ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 11:07, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

Quality reviews...(part 3)
This might be useful: - https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:ShakespeareFan00/EBql4missingtags

ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 22:36, 24 May 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks I looked at some of these, nearly all just have EB1911 fine print/e missing in the footer (which doesn't affect the look of the page or the article when transcluded). I fixed these anyway (all the ones from vol. 3). Working on fixing other pages now. DivermanAU (talk) 11:34, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

EB1911 Pages that appear not to be backed by scans...
The following PAWS link was a query I generated earlier:- https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:ShakespeareFan00/checkpages_IP
 * thanks for this list! I've already started to transclude these articles. Although some are already transcluded — they use format instead of <pages... />, I'm converting those to format. e.g. . — DivermanAU (talk) 23:06, 26 May 2022 (UTC)

EB1911 - Contributors..
I added a few of these when i saw them beeing needed. Was this okay? ( Do you have a general fixes list?) ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 09:02, 29 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks for adding those, looks good! I don't have a fix list. DivermanAU (talk) 10:13, 29 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Re contributors : https://public.paws.wmcloud.org/User:ShakespeareFan00/nocontributor_line ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 10:24, 29 May 2022 (UTC)

 * Thanks! Wow - a long list. DivermanAU (talk) 12:08, 29 May 2022 (UTC)

Custom font size for smallrefs
Just to let you know, the 90% font-size for smallrefs in EB1911 is no longer necessary to specify explicitly (cf. this). The default 83% font size is overridden by a per-work default font size of 90% set in Index:EB1911 - Volume 01.djvu/styles.css (which is shared for all EB1911 volumes). For other works a similar style rule will have to be specified if needed, but you should generally let the default be (EB1911 is an exception with its own style guide; most works should use the default values for things like smallrefs). Xover (talk) 07:46, 20 December 2023 (UTC)

 * @Xover. Great! Thanks for that. DivermanAU (talk) 18:54, 20 December 2023 (UTC)
 * However, when transcluding, the 90% default does not carry over. I just edited and the default size for smallrefs is smaller than when choosing 90% explicitly. DivermanAU (talk) 12:03, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * It should apply on transclusion too. I’ll take a look when I’m in front of a computer again. Xover (talk) 14:03, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Should be fixed now. There were multiple bugs in other components that together conspired to make this not work. Xover (talk) 17:59, 22 December 2023 (UTC)
 * Excellent! I confirmed it works OK now, thanks. DivermanAU (talk) 18:25, 22 December 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:DivermanAU


text:
Page:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire vol 1 (1897).djvu/182

108 emperor with smiles of complacency and professions of duty. But the people, secure in their numbers and obscurity, gave a free vent to their passions. The streets and public places of Rome resounded with clamours and imprecations. The enraged multitude affronted the person of Julian, rejected his liberality, and, conscious of the impotence of their own resentment, they called aloud on the legions of the frontiers to assert the violated majesty of the Roman empire.

The public discontent was soon diffused from the centre to the frontiers of the empire. The armies of Britain, of Syrria, and of Illyricum, lamented the death of Pertinax, in whose company, or under whose command, they had so often fought and conquered. They received with surprise, with indignation, and perhaps with envy, the extraordinary intelligence that the Prætorians had disposed of the empire by public auction; and they sternly refused to ratify the ignominious bargain. Their immediate and unanimous revolt was fatal to Julian, but it was fatal at the same time to the public peace; as the generals of the respective armies, Clodius Albinus, Pescennius Niger, and Septimius Severus, were still more anxious to succeed than to revenge the murdered Pertinax. Their forces were exactly balanced. Each of them was at the head of three legions, with a numerous train of auxiliaries; and, however different in their characters, they were all soldiers of experience and capacity.

Clodius Albinus, governor of Britain, surpassed both his competitors in the nobility of his extraction, which he derived from some of the most illustrious names of the old republic. But the branch, from whence he claimed his descent, was sunk into mean circumstances, and transplanted into a remote province. It is difficult to form a just idea of his true character. Under the philosophic cloak of austerity, he stands accused of concealing most of the vices which degrade human nature. But his accusers are those venal writers who adored the fortune of Severus, and trampled on the ashes of an unsuccessful rival. Virtue, or the appearances of virtue, recommended Albinus to the confidence and good opinion of Marcus; and his preserving


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 22.djvu/860

LOCOMOTIVE POWER] value of the tractive force is required than this provides for, namely from 4 to 5 tons, the driving-wheels are coupled to one or more pairs of heavily loaded wheels, forming a class of what are called “coupled engines” in contradistinction to the “single engine” with a single pair of loaded driving-wheels. Mechanical energy may be developed in bulk at a central station conveniently situated with regard to a coal-field or a waterfall, and after transformation by means of electric generators into electric energy it may be transmitted to the locomotive and then by means of electric motors be retransformed into mechanical energy at the axles to which the motors are applied. Every axle of an electric locomotive may thus be subjected to a torque, and the large weight which must be put on one pair of wheels in order to secure sufficient adhesion when all the driving is done from one axle may be distributed through as many pairs of wheels as desired. In fact, there need be no specially differentiated locomotive at all. Motors may be applied to every axle in the train, and their individual torques adjusted to values suitable to the weights naturally carried by the several axles. Such an arrangement would be ideally perfect from the point of view of the permanent-way engineer, because it would then be possible to distribute the whole of the load uniformly between the wheels. This perfection of distribution is practically attained in present-day practice by the multiple control system of operating an electric train, where motors are applied to a selected number of axles in the train, all of them being under the perfect control of the driver.

The fundamental difference between the two methods is that while the mechanical energy developed by a steam engine is in the first case applied directly to the driving-axle of the locomotive, in the second case it is transformed into electrical energy, transmitted over relatively long distances, and retransformed into mechanical energy on the driving-axles of the train. In the first case all the driving is done on one or at most two axles; sufficient tractive force being obtained by coupling these axles when necessary to others carrying heavy loads. In the second case every axle in the train may be made a driving-axle if desired, in which case the locomotive as a separate machine disappears. In the second case, however, there are all the losses due to transmission from the central station to the train to be considered, as well as the cost of the transmitting apparatus itself. Ultimately the question resolves itself into one of commercial practicability. For suburban traffic with a service at a few minutes interval and short distances between the stations electric traction has proved itself to be superior in many respects to the steam locomotive, but for main line traffic and long distance runs it has not yet been demonstrated that it is commercially feasible, though it is known to be practically possible. For the methods of electric traction see ; the remainder of the present article will be devoted to the steam locomotive.

§ 3. General Efficiency of Steam Locomotive.—One pound of good Welsh coal properly burned in the fire-box of a locomotive yields about 15,000 British thermal units of heat at a temperature high enough to enable from 50 to 80% to flow across the boiler-heating surface to the water, the rest escaping up the chimney with the furnace gases. The steam produced in consequence of this heat transference from the furnace gas to the water carries heat to the cylinder, where 7 to 11% is transformed into mechanical energy, the remainder passing away up the chimney with the exhaust steam. The average value of the product of these percentages, namely 0·65 × 0·09 = 0·06 say, may be used to investigate generally the working of a locomotive; the actual value could only be determined by experiment in any particular case. With this assumption, 0·06 is the fraction of the heat energy of the coal which is utilized in the engine cylinders as mechanical work; that is to say, of the 15,000 B.Th.U. produced by the combustion of of coal, 15,000 × 0·06 = 900 only are available for tractive purposes.

Coals vary much in calorific value, some producing only 12,000 B.Th.U. per when burnt, whilst 15,500 is obtained from the best Welsh coals. Let E represent the pounds of coal burnt per hour in the fire-box of a locomotive, and let c be the calorific value in B.Th.U. per ; then the mechanical energy available in foot pounds per hour is approximately 0·06 × 778 × Ec, and this expressed in horse-power units gives

A “perfect engine” receiving and rejecting steam at the same temperatures as the actual engine of the locomotive, would develop about twice this power, say 1400 I.H.P. This figure represents the ideal but unattainable standard of performance. This question of the standard engine of comparison, and the engine efficiency is considered in § 15 below, and the boiler efficiency in § 11 below.

The indicated horse-power developed by a cylinder may always be ascertained from an indicator diagram and observations of the speed. Let p be the mean pressure in pounds per square inch, calculated from an indicator diagram taken from a particular cylinder when the speed of the crank-shaft is n revolutions per second. Also let l be the length of the stroke in feet and let a be the area of one cylinder in square inches, then, assuming two cylinders of equal size,

The I.H.P. at any instant is equal to the total rate at which energy is required to overcome the tractive resistance R. The horsepower available at the driving-axle, conveniently called the brake horse-power, is from 20 to 30 % less than the indicated horse-power, and the ratio, B.H.P./I.H.P. = e, is called the mechanical efficiency of the steam engine. The relation between the b.h.p. and the torque on the driving-axle is

It is usual with steam locomotives to regard the resistance R as including the frictional resistances between the cylinders and the driving-axle, so that the rate at which energy is expended in moving the train is expressed either by the product RV, or by the value of the indicated horse-power, the relation between them being

or in terms of the torque

The individual factors of the product RV may have any value consistent with equation (10) and with certain practical conditions, so that for a given value of the I.H.P. R must decrease if V increases. Thus if the maximum horse-power which a locomotive can develop is 1000, the tractive resistance R, at 60 m. per hour ( = 88 ft. per second) is R = (1000 × 550)/88 =. If, however, the speed is reduced to 15 m. per hour ( =22 ft. per second) R increases to. Thus an engine working at maximum power may be used to haul a relatively light load at a high speed or a heavy load at a slow speed.

§ 4. Analysis of Train Resistance.—Train resistance may be analysed into the following components:—

 * (1) Journal friction and friction of engine machinery.
 * (2) Wind resistance.
 * (3) Resistance due to gradients, represented by Rg
 * (4) Resistance due to miscellaneous causes.
 * (5) Resistance due to acceleration, represented by Ra.
 * (6) Resistance due to curves.

The sum of all these components of resistance is at any instant equal to the resistance represented by R. At a uniform speed on a level straight road 3, 5 and 6 are zero. The total resistance is conveniently divided into two parts: (1) the resistance due to the vehicles hauled by the engine, represented by Rv; (2) the resistance of the engine and tender represented by Re. In each of these two cases the resistance can of course be analysed into the six components set out in the above list.

§ 5. Vehicle Resistance and Draw-bar Pull.—The power of the engine is applied to the vehicles through the draw-bar, so that the draw-bar pull is a measure of the vehicle resistance. The draw-bar pull for a given load is a function of the speed of the train, and numerous experiments have been made to find the relation connecting the pull with the speed under various conditions. The usual way of experimenting is to put a dynamo meter car (see ) between the engine and the train. This car is equipped with apparatus by means of which a continuous record of the draw-bar pull is obtained on a distance base; time indications are also made on the diagram from which the speed at any instant can be deduced. The pull recorded on the diagram includes the resistances due to acceleration and to the gradient on which the train is moving. It is usual to subtract these resistances from the observed pull, so as to obtain the draw-bar pull reduced to what it would be at a uniform speed on the level. This corrected pull is then divided by the weight of the vehicles hauled, in which must be included the weight of the dynamometer car, and the quotient gives the resistance per ton of load hauled at a certain uniform speed on a straight and level road. A series of experiments were made by J. A. F. Aspinall on the Lancashire & Yorkshire railway to ascertain the resistance of trains of bogie passenger carriages of different lengths at varying speeds, and the results are recorded in a paper, “Train Resistance,” ''Proc. Inst. C.E.'' (1901), vol. 147. Aspinall’s results are expressed by the formula

where rv, is the resistance in pounds per ton, S is the speed in miles per hour, and L is the length of the train in feet measured over the

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 22.djvu/860


text:
Page:Shrinking the Commons.djvu/61

Rh Complicating either approach will be the need to protect open-content licenses against termination, while not preventing authors who made unremunerative bargains from exercising their termination rights. The foregoing discussion suggests two conceptual constructs upon which Congress might draw to ensure that any open-content termination exception does not swallow the general rule. First, Professor Loren’s proposal for a modified doctrine of copyright abandonment, while perhaps ill-matched to existing precedent, nevertheless draws a useful line: she proposes to exclude licenses that overtly and clearly grant rights to the public from the operation of the statute’s termination provisions. Second, the very brief statutory provision on patent abandonment also limits the reach of intellectual property rights in circumstances where the author clearly intended to give up the right of proprietary exploitation.

To consider one possibility, Congress might add the following provision as a new paragraph 203(a)(6) of the statute:

"No abandonment by an author of any of the exclusive rights comprised in a copyright, in whole or in part, including under the terms of nonexclusive licensing instruments that grant such rights to unnamed licensees, shall be subject to termination under this section."

Limiting the exception to abandonments “by an author” would ameliorate the risk, identified by Professor Kreiss, that certain actions by downstream licensees may permanently restrict authors’ rights. The words “including” and “in whole or in part” are aimed at assuring the permanency of dedications to the public domain and at allowing partial abandonments. The reference to “unnamed licensees” is one way of distinguishing what Professor Loren refers to as grants “to the public” from more conventional transfers (such as in the Superman case) from one party to another; other language might certainly be chosen to effectuate a similar distinction. The reference to “abandonment” may be thought to introduce ambiguity, but the legislative history should simply clarify that the concept is drawn from the Patent Act. Adding a new termination exception for open-content licenses

title: Page:Shrinking the Commons.djvu/61


text:
Page:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire vol 1 (1897).djvu/183

Rh with the son the same interest which he had acquired with the father is a proof at least that he was possessed of a very flexible disposition. The favour of a tyrant does not always suppose a want of merit in the object of it; he may, without intending it, reward a man of worth and ability, or he may find such a man useful to his own service. It does not appear that Albinus served the son of Marcus, either as the minister of his cruelties, or even as the associate of his pleasures. He was employed in a distant honourable command, when he received a confidential letter from the emperor, acquainting him of the treasonable designs of some discontented generals, and authorizing him to declare himself the guardian and successor of the throne, by assuming the title and ensigns of Cæsar. The governor of Britain wisely declined the dangerous honour, which would have marked him for the jealousy, or involved him in the approaching ruin, of Commodus. He courted power by nobler, or, at least, by more specious, arts. On a premature report of the death of the emperor, he assembled his troops; and, in an eloquent discourse, deplored the inevitable mischiefs of despotism, described the happiness and glory which their ancestors had enjoyed under the consular government, and declared his firm resolution to reinstate the senate and people in their legal authority. This popular harangue was answered by the loud acclamations of the British legions, and received at Rome with a secret murmur of applause. Safe in the possession of his little world, and in the command of an army less distinguished indeed for discipline than for numbers and valour, Albinus braved the menaces of Commodus, maintained towards Pertinax a stately ambiguous reserve, and instantly declared against the usurpation of Julian. The convulsions of the capital added new weight to his sentiments, or rather to his professions, of patriotism. A regard to decency induced him to decline the lofty titles of Augustus and Emperor, and he imitated perhaps the example of Galba, who, on a similar occasion, had styled himself the Lieutenant of the senate and people.

Personal merit alone had raised Pescennius Niger from an obscure birth and station to the government of Syria; a


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Page:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire vol 1 (1897).djvu/184

110 and important command, which in times of civil confusion gave him a near prospect of the throne. Yet his parts seem to have been better suited to the second than to the first rank; he was an unequal rival, though he might have approved himself an excellent lieutenant, to Severus, who afterwards displayed the greatness of his mind by adopting several useful institutions from a vanquished enemy. In his government, Niger acquired the esteem of the soldiers and the love of the provincials. His rigid discipline fortified the valour and confirmed the obedience of the former, whilst the voluptuous Syrians were less delighted with the mild firmness of his administration than with the affability of his manners and the apparent pleasure with which he attended their frequent and pompous festivals. As soon as the intelligence of the atrocious murder of Pertinax had reached Antioch, the wishes of Asia invited Niger to assume the Imperial purple and revenge his death. The legions of the eastern frontier embraced his cause; the opulent but unarmed provinces, from the frontiers of Æthiopia to the Hadriatic, cheerfully submitted to his power; and the kings beyond the Tigris and the Euphrates congratulated his election, and offered him their homage and services. The mind of Niger was not capable of receiving this sudden tide of fortune; he flattered himself that his accession would be undisturbed by competition, and unstained by civil blood; and whilst he enjoyed the vain pomp of triumph, he neglected to secure the means of victory. Instead of entering into an effectual negotiation with the powerful armies of the West, whose resolution might decide, or at least must balance, the mighty contest; instead of advancing without delay towards Rome and Italy, where his presence was impatiently expected, Niger trifled away in the luxury of Antioch those irretrievable moments which were diligently improved by the decisive activity of Severus.


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Page:Shrinking the Commons.djvu/62

 may, of course, require Congress to make conforming amendments elsewhere in the statutory text.

Would this amendment upset the existing balance of power as between authors and publishers? It is difficult to see how the amendment would give an unscrupulous licensee any new power to “game the system” to its own advantage. The worst apparent risk is that a licensee might pressure an author to release her work under an open-content license (or to the public domain) at the expiration of a defined initial period of exclusive license to the licensee. If the licensee enjoys a period of exclusive use of the work, and the work then becomes available to the public, the original licensee may continue exploiting the work without fear of termination under the amendment proposed above. But the public at large would enjoy precisely the same privilege following the expiration of the exclusive license. Thus, not only does the licensee not gain a greater advantage under this arrangement, it actually yields a benefit to the commons—precisely the reason why it makes sense to protect such licenses from termination.

As an alternative to crafting its own termination exception for opencontent licenses, Congress might delegate that task to a federal agency. For example, consider the following proposed new § 203(a)(6):

"The Librarian of Congress, upon recommendation of the Register of Copyrights, shall promulgate annually a listing of licensing instruments that it finds to grant copyright rights to the public at large, and such licensing instruments shall not be subject to termination under this section."

title: Page:Shrinking the Commons.djvu/62


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Page:Shrinking the Commons.djvu/63

 This provision would involve the federal copyright agencies in formulating a list of licenses that are not subject to termination. The agencies would be required to undertake notice-and-comment rulemaking, but not to hold hearings, essentially the same procedure as currently applies to the triennial DMCA exemptions. The reference to a required finding that a license “grant[s] copyright rights to the public at large” is again meant to aid in identifying the particular licenses that are to be excluded from the operation of the statute’s termination provisions (which would continue to apply to traditional arm’s-length transactions between named parties) and to provide enforceable standards to guide the agency’s rulemaking discretion. The agency might initially draw upon lists of open-content licenses that are maintained by private bodies, although it surely should not limit itself to those lists in view of the somewhat different purposes the termination exemptions are meant to serve.

Clarity and flexibility would be the most obvious advantages of an administrative regime to promulgate exceptions to the statute’s termination provisions for open-content licensing. Consulting the agency’s list of nonterminable licenses would provide advance assurances to licensees that contributions to an open-content project would remain in the commons in perpetuity. Furthermore, as licensing instruments continued to evolve, the list of non-terminable licenses could expand as well.

Would an administrative exemption process for open-content licensing upset the existing statutory balance? Every delegation of rulemaking authority presents some risk of regulatory capture, and it is possible, albeit unlikely, that the Librarian’s power might be subject to abuse. For example, suppose the Librarian interceded on behalf of a powerful movie studio to declare non-terminable a license, like Siegel and Shuster’s, upon which the studio had built a lucrative franchise. The amended statute’s reference to licenses that “grant copyright rights to the public at large” ought to ensure that such a misapplication of the agency’s power does not survive judicial review. Remaining issues—such as the inevitable lag between the promulgation of a new open-content license and its recognition as such by the Librarian or the effects of the Librarian’s removal of a previously recognized license from the non-terminable list—could probably be handled within the confines of the administrative process without judicial intervention.

title: Page:Shrinking the Commons.djvu/63


text:
Page:The Trespasser, Lawrence, 1912.djvu/31

Rh sailors, and all the brilliant women from church shook like a kaleidoscope down the street. The train crawled on, drawing near to the sea, for which Siegmund waited breathless. It was so like Helena, blue, beautiful, strong in its reserve.

Another moment they were in the dirty station. Then the day flashed out, and Siegmund mated with joy. He felt the sea heaving below him. He looked round, and the sea was blue as a periwinkle flower, while gold and white and blood-red sails lit here and there upon the blueness. Standing on the deck, he gave himself to the breeze and to the sea, feeling like one of the ruddy sails—as if he were part of it all. All his body radiated amid the large, magnificent sea-moon like a piece of colour.

The little ship began to pulse, to tremble. White with the softness of a bosom, the water rose up frothing and swaying gently. Ships drew near like inquisitive birds; the old Victory shook her myriad pointed flags of yellow and scarlet; the straight old houses of the quay passed by.

Outside the harbour, like fierce creatures of the sea come wildly up to look, the battleships laid their black snouts on the water. Siegmund laughed at them. He felt the foam on his face like a sparkling, felt the blue sea gathering round.

On the left stood the round fortress, quaintly chequered, and solidly alone in the walk of water, amid the silent flight of the golden and crimson winged boats.

Siegmund watched the bluish bulk of the island. Like the beautiful women in the myths, his love hid in its blue haze. It seemed impossible. Behind him, the white wake trailed myriads of daisies. On either


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24 hand the grim and wicked battleships watched along their sharp noses. Beneath him the clear green water swung and puckered as if it were laughing. In front, Sieglinde’s island drew near and nearer, creeping towards him, bringing him Helena.

Meadows and woods appeared, houses crowded down to the shore to meet him; he was in the quay, and the ride was over. Siegmund regretted it. But Helena was on the island, which rode like an anchored ship under the fleets of cloud that had launched whilst Siegmund was on water. As he watched the end of the pier loom higher, large ponderous trains of cloud cast over him the shadows of their bulk, and he shivered in the chill wind.

His travelling was very slow. The sky’s dark shipping pressed closer and closer, as if all the clouds had come to harbour. Over the flat lands near Newport the wind moaned like the calling of many violon-cellos. All the sky was grey. Siegmund waited drearily on Newport Station, where the wind swept coldly. It was Sunday, and the station and the island were desolate, having lost their purposes.

SeigmundSiegmund [sic] put on his overcoat and sat down. All his morning’s blaze of elation was gone, though there still glowed a great hope. He had slept only two hours of the night. An empty man, he had drunk joy, and now the intoxication was dying out.

At three o’clock of the afternoon he sat alone in the second-class carriage, looking out. A few raindrops struck the pane, then the blurred dazzle of a shower came in a burst of wind, and hid the downs and the reeds that shivered in the marshy places. Siegmund sat in a chilly torpor. He counted the stations. Beneath his stupor his heart was thudding heavily