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104 'You are very well off where you are,' answered the Demon curtly.

'So I am, sir, and well aware that I enjoy many happy privileges through your condescending kindness; but remember your own promises. You have often said that I really was due for a holiday, and richly deserved one. I have worked night and day in your service for nearly two hundred years, and have not had a good holiday yet. A little shooting in a green forest, or boating on a lake with the sun shining on the waves, or swimming in the sea with the fishes playing round and round; or even a quiet stroll through the streets of London or Paris with the fine ladies and gentlemen, would set me up wonderfully, and give me strength to serve you with redoubled energy and faithfulness for another two hundred years. And in addition to that, sir—do not be impatient, I beg of you—I shall be able to do you immense service on the earth just now: now is the happy time for extending your empire. I can give splendid lectures on the beauty and wisdom of free-thinking philosophy, and can prove by actual experiment the truth of evolution, and show people a sweet little chattering monkey growing in a few hours into a charming girl who dances like an angel, and sings like a nightingale. I can do a thousand things in your interest which you do not trouble yourself to think of. I hope you will remember my past services, and the number of times I have saved your most amiable daughter—the true ornament and delight of your Majesty's Court—from long and painful illnesses by reason of her own little indiscretions, through being rather too fond of creature comforts; and remember, sir——'

'Oh, enough, enough!' broke in the Demon angrily; 'do you mean to assassinate me with that jaw-breaking tongue of yours? You would drive an army of old women and parsons mad. I acknowledge your cleverness, and


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Rh your faithful services, but really you must spare me now; your extraordinary eloquence is too overpowering. Give me a cordial at once, or I shall faint away on the spot, if I don't die altogether.'

'With pleasure, my lord, and with many apologies for not having offered you one before. What say you to a glass of my great revivifying antiarthritic taxacorum puffinalis?'

'No objection, Doctor, so long as it is not your cursed taxacorum squeezatalis, which you administer to my daughter Bellagranda so often.'

When the Demon had quaffed the effervescing cordial which the Doctor set before him, he prepared to depart, saying:

'I'll think about what you have said touching the holiday, Doctor, and will endeavour, as a particular friend of yours, to make it possible, but I am afraid you cannot be spared just now, the hospitals are full.'

'I can discharge a hundred thousand patients to-morrow morning, sir,' said the Doctor.

'And who will undertake your duties while you're away working for me above ground?'

'My Assistant Inspector, sir—Doctor Horatio Mancus, a careful and clever man.'

'Well, I shall not say "no" at present,' said the Demon with a dubious cough and a chuckle; 'but mind, my clever friend, I have not said "yes" yet,' and he stalked out of the room with the air of a conquering hero.

'Now, General Astoragus,' said the Doctor, seizing that hopeful gentleman by the collar, 'now for you, my boy—were you ever boiled before in rattlesnake's poison and rackarock, eh? are you ready for that interesting experiment in chemistry, eh? If you have howls prepare to howl them now! See the Bard of Avon, who is responsible for everything nowadays. Come along, sir.'

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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106 When he heard these words the chief of the larrikins, trying in vain to escape from the Doctor's grasp, commenced to howl in the most frightful manner I ever listened to.

'Please, Doctor,' said I, raising my voice above the awful din, 'don't boil the poor fellow! let him off this time with a caution, admonish him to be more careful in future; over-severity in punishment will surely defeat itself, and it is cruel. Make him promise not to do so any more and forgive him; I forgive him. I never bear malice. I never bore malice in my life.'

'Oh yes, of course,' replied the Doctor severely. 'I could not think of boiling or hurting a hair of the "poor fellow's" head; he never thinks of hurting anyone, man, woman, or child, at all. Oh no! You will "poor fellow" him with your very last sigh when you are on your bed of death. Your "poor fellow" will cover your million of sins, I have no doubt. But keep your mind easy. I'll only tickle him a little. I'll simmer him very gently for your sake. He will soon be ready—and willing, too—to sting you again, my dear boy; do not distress yourself on his account, I beg of you. Have you no larrikins in your part of the world?'

'We have a good many, Doctor.'

'Well, I suppose you make perfect pets of them; you keep some of them in glass cases in grand shop windows, and fatten them on butter and honey, and Stilton cheese, and lollipops, and strawberries and cream, and ham and eggs. But I need not bother you with my chatter, although we were all born to be bothered and stung to madness, and many of us to be butchered like pigs in a sty. Never mind, don't let your heart get too low or too soft, and take care, you will tell me, not to let yours require a brickbat to soften it. Stick to the happy medium, that's my motto. What ho, Florian!'


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Rh The attendant bearing that name entered the room immediately.

'Here,' said his master, 'take this fellow to Doctor Mancus and Chief Inspector Squabblequash; tell them he is to be boiled for one hour in the venom of crotalus horridus and rackarock—here, what are you afraid of? He won't hurt you. I have made him innocuous—lay hold!'

'My master,' said Florian, to my great astonishment, as I had not hitherto heard him say a word. 'I hope your warrant will bear out the deed.'

'What!' shouted the Doctor. 'Are you a larrikin, too? Are you going to be the new General of the Larrikin Guards, eh? Do you dare to quote Shakespeare, or anybody else to me, you rascal! Go and obey my orders, or I'll show you a warrant which will turn you into a dancing goat before you're one minute older.'

'I said very little, sir, and all on the side of mercy,' said Florian humbly. 'I beg your pardon; the quality of mercy is not strained, it droppeth'

'Death and fury!' roared the Doctor. 'Shakespeare again!'

But here I took it upon myself to interpose:

'For the love of heaven, Doctor, or my dear friend and benefactor, if you will allow me to call you so, do not permit the evil spirit to take possession of you in this way; remember that you are yourself an erring mortal,' I said solemnly, but I forgot to whom I was speaking.

'Eh! what's that you say? I an erring mortal! No, sir, I am an unerring immortal at your service. As for you, Florian, I forgive you—see that you do not offend me again. Take Astoragus to the tenth dungeon and lock him up.'

Florian left the apartment hastily, dragging the howling General after him.


text:
User talk:Ret.Prof/Christian Oral Tradition

This is not a Wikisource article: It is an individual user's work in progress page. See Paralipomena See also Jesus in the Talmud and Celsus


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 No hypocrite or Prodigal appear—— Consummate impudence forbade the one, And downright meanness, would the other shun.

Come Camel of the wharf, spit forth your spleen, Swear black is white, avow that white is green, Say gold’s not gold, but metal’s base alloy Pert opposition of an illtrained boy, The twits and twaddle of a school debate, Shine bright in archives of your infant state,— Augæan’s stables need Herculean broom Both thews and sinews of a stalwart groom— Go sell your slops, sand-sugar in your store, Nor heed the breakers that in distance roar, Which shall o’er-whelm Gomorrha in a tide Unstemmed by Canute; ’tis in vain you tried, Receding waters sweep the filthied shore And leave the present but a tale of yore.—

Mark well that fussy pursy starch frilled breast, That frets and fumes,—a working tub of yeast To rise itself, or sour the pauper’s bread Worse luck,—or lead had ballasted its head.— What come again to squirt at random range Its foul saliva,—badinage on change, How coarse vulgarity proclaims its caste The parvenu—still striving to be fast— ’Tis S, A, D, sad brand to squatter’s known, Whom oft it pilfered, and thro’ whom ’tis grown, The shameless sham, the cautious coward cur, That blasts the land as doth the Bathurst burr— ’Twas Chilian horse imports the noxious weed, The fates forbid ass propagate its breed, The patriot Pict who sowed the thistle down Compared with this, were Curtius in renown.—

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 In state palaver, scalpless Doctor’s join, Prone to prescribe their quack “Great Medicine Of brandy pawnee tribe these warriors bold To bleed, shave, chatter as their craft of old— Oh! shade of Grattan can thy wraith now see The tricks of namesakes in posterity? A Douglass to the rescue—echo calls, Oh “walls have ears”—not so the Council halls— Your idol, vulgar Goneworth, squints not there Greek fire falls feebly on the classic chair, Your finger in the pie on every side Unless its served at feast of Barmicide, Euphonious language loves Hibernian lung And blandest blarney proves Milesian tongue Bounce and bombast will elbow in a place, Or you’re not scion of your father’s race— A pile, you pocket from Macquarie’s grant That Bill of Billy’s realized the plant— The bone digested, loud the lurchers bark, And town uncanny, springs up Douglas Park As Santa Fé before Boabdil’s walle, So rise the outlines of ancestral Halls, Sure Paddy’s beat beneath Australian sky Trace the patrician from posperity.—

What ass is this? Assassin’s near the mark That aims his venom’d arrow in the dark? (The Cape of Hope relates an oft told tale The Table mount still breathes the warriors wail— No Menelaus there avenge her charms And Holy men discard recourse to arms, A second flame shall fulminate from Jove, And vet’ran gunner lights the match of love, Strange is the story, strange indeed if true, May “Caller herrin” be rehearsed anew)— You’d drag a railway over pet Church-hill,

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 You phantom Hudson all devoid of skill “Proud science never taught your soul to stray” Farther than Camden and its milky way,— Black is the heart beneath that pallid skin, Malevolence wrinkles in a fiendish grin, False to your friend, a friend you’ll never have, Your life a lie—a lie will point your grave; Who would confide in you must hope in sin, For Satan hovers where your steps have been.— Of all that’s grovelling, dirty, low or bad You stand the vilest—what I say, I’ve said—— Lisp not your lies aloud, nor cock sure crow Lest horsewhip second, what my words avow Foul daub avaunt, false colour fling afar Nor devil blast you blacker than you are.—

Come creole Darewell, make your game I pray, Vote stakes too low!—we’ll dash at higher play— No Constitution monger buy your vote ’Twould spoil the speech that mem’ry got by rote Speak to the point and be not so verbose, To be too stiff’s as bad as too jocose Some merit in a way to you pertains,— ’Tis no great matter—you can count your grains— In Darewell’s chambers met a motley group With necks outstretched like geese enclosed in coop, Gasping to gobble up the words that fell (Like pearls ’mid swine) from astute Ante-Te,ll—— As in this wondrous land all works contraire The lazy loungers, that had mustered there, Startle; as eloquence from Bayley burst,— “We are hero to canonize our Charles the First Great Charles the Martyr to a golden pile Who suffered;—but from overflow of bile,— Who if he did no good did no great harm A bell all powerless to create alarm;— Where is the mob not even Fairfax here Nor yet his wife? no; “too much wit” I fear;— Each testimonial now the last outvies

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Page:A Life of Matthew Fontaine Maury.pdf/20

6 week to contemplative thought and to his school, and Sunday to the service of the sanctuary. In 1756 he was already dazzled by the rising glory of the new country. He was intensely interested in the Great North-West. The Missouri river was a myth at time. Cox had ascended the Mississippi to the Falls of St. Anthony and reported the existence of such a stream, but all beyond was shrouded in mystery. "But see," taught the aged clergyman, pointing with his finger and with an eager eye on the map of the North American Continent,—"see, there must be a large river in that direction, mountains are there, and beyond them there must be a stream to correspond with the vast river on this side of the chain." And by a process of reasoning based on physical geography, he pointed out to his pupils, Thomas Jefferson among them for two years, the existence and line of the river as accurately as Le Verrier did the place of Neptune in the firmament, and predicted that a great highway to the West would some day be opened in this direction.

Thomas Jefferson became and remained interested in the grand thought. Amid the excitement and splendors of the Court of France he cherished the idea of that hypothetical river, its advantages to the United States, the establishment of trading posts and kindred plans. He urged its exploration upon Ledyard, the celebrated African explorer. Ledyard consented to undertake it, but was prevented owing to subsequent misfortunes. Though foiled thus in his first effort, Thomas Jefferson still clung to his favorite project, and at last the time came for its fulfillment. Elected to the Presidency of the United States, he planned the expedition of Lewis and Clarke, secured the consent of Congress, and dispatched them on their mission of discovery.


text:
User:Jwyg

Jwyg is Jonathan Gray. For more info see this Wikipedia EN user page.

title: User:Jwyg


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Page:A Life of Matthew Fontaine Maury.pdf/21

Rh secured the consent of Congress, and despatched them on their mission of discovery.

In 1790 Richard Maury, son of the Reverend James Maury, married Diana Minor, daughter of Major John Minor, of Topping Castle in Caroline County, Virginia, descended from the settler who had received a grant of land in the reign of Charles II. There were nine children of this marriage; and thus the blood of Protestant England was commingled with that of Huguenot France in the veins of this Virginia family. After their marriage, Richard and Diana Minor Maury first settled in Spottsylvania County, about ten miles west of Fredericksburg. There, on January 14th, 1806, their fourth son, Matthew Fontaine Maury, was born, and was named after his two paternal great grandfathers. When little Matthew was in his fifth year, his father emigrated to Tennessee with his young family. Their worldly goods were transported in large wagons. Little Matthew, when tired of walking and cramped from riding, was frequently carried on the back of his sister Matilda.

The Maury family established themselves near Franklin, Tennessee, a village eighteen miles north of Nashville. Here young Matthew assisted his father and brothers in the labors of the farm, while his mother and sisters spun, wove, knitted, and fashioned the garments they wore. In short, the family lived the lives of early settlers in what was then a new country.

Wyoming was not wilder in 1888 than Tennessee was eighty years previous. There were no steamboats then; no railroads, no turnpikes, and no stage coaches nor stage roads in all the State. Bridle-paths and rough farm roads alone enabled the scattered settlers to meet each other. School houses were few and distant; they, as well as the meeting houses and homes, were mostly built of logs hewn from the surrounding forests. But few of the public buildings were of brick


text: Messages and Letters of William Henry Harrison/Proclamation calling a convention to petition congress to allow slavery in Indiana territory


text: Messages and Letters of William Henry Harrison/Resolutions of convention at Vincennes favoring slavery in territory


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Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/390

⌊The fifth book is made up of thirty-one hymns, divided into six anuvāka-groups, with five hymns in each group save the fourth, which has six hymns. The Old Anukramaṇī appears to take 60 verses as the norm of an anuvāka. The number of verses in each hymn ranges from 8 to 18. The Major Anukramaṇī assumes 8 verses as the normal length of a hymn of this book (see p. 142); but there are only two such hymns ("hymns" 9 and 10, both prose!). In fact,

The entire book has been translated by Weber, Indische Studien, vol. xviii. (1898), pages 154-288. This is the first book to which the native commentary is missing.⌋

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 Following the current course of courtesies,— For length of residence of kin or kith Take for one instance that of Throsby Smith Whose name melodious has so famous grown That the Lake songsters warble it alone.”—— The lazy constables the vellum bear And force in terror each hind’s signature,— The clans are roused; forth goes the burning brand Loud swells the Mort note o’er Australia’s strand Far o’er the waves reverberates the horn, For the last time; a going, going, gone.——

What Martin this that chirps about the Hall For ever piping with new note for all?— Stare stupid M. C.’s. at research so dry, And which alone wont shine in orat’ry— That flippant Police Court style just cast aside And manliness will many a defect hide—— Demosthenes selects some seamew shore And would outroar the breakers in their roar While pebble mouthed he thus his stammer cures Like like begets ’t will do the same for yours Tyro as yet—you’ll play the Stateman’s game Perchance may occupy a niche in fame,— Integrity of purpose, strength of mind, Will leave your lubber compeers far behind——

Hail native Nichalls gift with common sense Of vig’rous mind and sober diligence, Of various talent, fit for better cause Than pettifogging in our antique laws— As you have felt the kindly aid of Jews Plead for their Rabbi nor the tin refuse, In every skirmish; in the van you stood Your acts intended for your country’s good.—

Hit Murray hard, thou man of solemn mood Of lengthened visage and of rectitude

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text:
Harrison to Findlay

Letters from William Henry Harrison to James Findlay:
 * Harrison to Findlay News in general and family affairs (July 18, 1800)
 * Harrison to Findlay Social and family affairs (October 15, 1801)
 * Harrison to Findlay Family and business affair (September 22, 1804)

title: Harrison to Findlay


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Passaconaway


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 Whose deep drawn sighs (unlike thy beard) have grown To echo Werter’s sorrows, with thine own— What though you tire the nobblerising throng With fragments dragging their slow length along, For lack of eloquence, shall worth atone, Your mein is manly and your mind your own.—

Bear with me Rufus, I would tribute pay Ere yet I terminate my transient lay, To noble candour, honesty of heart, One framed to exercise a beiter part— Oh know thyself—timidly eschew, What virtue prompts dont hesitate to do Avoid cabals, the cliques of vicious clime Await the advent of a better time, With genius bonnd, and manhood gone to grass If vice don’t prosper, write me down an ass.—

Come generous Bland the good, the kind, the friend, In whom a host of genuine virtues blend How loud erst while thy voice in stern debate Controlled the Council or opposed tho State, Why hast thou slumbered? to when Australia’s prow Moored to the shore confronts thy frosty pow While tim’rous pilot dreads to launch the boat Which craven crimped crew could not set afloat— What crotchet now inflames your vivid brain? Steam o’er the calm and face the breeze again Heed not the chilliness of nobs grown cold Time may destroy, but cannot make you old.

Up puppet vender, play the marionette Your mighty passions, puff in constant fret At silly trifles, Gabo and its oil May they in turgid indignation boil——— Oi polloi crawlers claim their hideous God A grateful “Empire” breathes but at his nod, Vulgarity of person, action, soul, Proves him not ablest, that may reach the goal—

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8 or stone, and only men of wealth and enterprise solaced their self-respect, and recalled the memories of their Virginia homes, in residences of boards or brick.

The planter's life in that day was self-sustaining. The women, by an occasional visit to the village, purchased their ribbons and finery. These visits were few and brief; they broke the routine of the home life to the women, as hunting did to the men, and were usually made on horseback.

In the planter's homes there was plenty of poultry and beef, mutton, and Virginia hams, cured by immemorial recipes, best biscuit, light bread, battercakes, buckwheat, tea, and coffee. There was whiskey, also, to comfort and cheer the wayfarer, and in Tennessee "the latch string was always out," and has ever been so, even until now.

The day of obedient parents had not then dawned upon the young folks, and in the Maury household there was an unconscious repressive sway. Good and gentle were the parents, but the children became silent in their presence. Matthew's father was very exact in the religious training of his family, now numbering five sons and four daughters, viz., John Minor Maury, Mary Maury, Walker Maury, Matilda Maury, Betsy Maury, Richard Launcelot Maury, Matthew Fontaine Maury, Catherine Maury, and Charles Maury.

He would assemble the children night and morning to read the Psalter for the day, verse and verse about; and in this way, so familiar did this barefooted boy become with the Psalms of David, that later in life he could still cite a quotation, and give chapter and verse, as if he had the Bible open before him.

Surrounded by all these pure and simple influences, amidst the solitude and silence of the primeval forests, young Matthew Fontaine Maury passed his youth. The cotton field found him farm work, and a raccoon or bear hunt, with the negroes and hounds brought from Virginia, made up his field sports. These, and earnest attention to all the opportunities of learning at school, prepared him for the great works of his life.


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221 1. He who came to (ā-bhū) the womb (yóni) with a special sacred text (? ṛ́dhan̄mantra), of immortal spirit (-ásu), increasing, of good birth, of unharmed spirit, shining like the days—Trita the maintainer maintained three (trí, neuter).

2. He who first attained to (ā-sad) the ordinances (dhárman) makes thence many wondrous forms; eager (? dhāsyú) he first entered the womb (yóni), he who understood (ā-cit) speech unspoken.

3. He who left (ric) [his] body to thy heat (çóka), flows the gold; his [men] are bright (çúci) after; there they (two) assume (dhā) immortal names; let the clans (víç) send garments for us.

4. When these formerly went further forth, approaching each unfading seat—the poet of the dry (? çuṣá), the two licking mothers—do ye (two) send for the sister (jāmí) a capable (dhúrya) spouse.

5. This great homage, verily, to thee, O broad-going one, do I a poet make with poesy (kā́vya); when the two (m.), going united (samyáñc) against the earth (kṣā́), [then] increase here the (two) great bank-wheeled (? ródhacakra) ones (f.).

6. Seven bourns (maryā́dā) did the poets fashion; unto one of these verily went one distressed; in the nest of the nearest (upamá) community (? āyú) stood the pillar (skambhá), at the release (visargá) of the roads, in the supports (dharúṇa).

title: Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/391


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 As clever to misquote: when scant of news Fill filthy columns from the Sydney stews— Should aught original here find a place It would the vilest venal pen disgrace——

The Kempian torso! future students hail With anxious query, had the thing a tail? A future Owen striking at the root, Shall mend the monster, reconstruct the brute, And prove the best of Megatherium brood Of waddling habits, and waste paper food, Of wondrous action, startled seal at bay Legs! thy asymptotes,—Hyperbola!!! (Which as the erudite M. C.’s don’t know Ever approach tho’ meeting proves no go )—— All know the tale of the Kilkenny cats Whose wars intestine spare the breed of rats For, as poor pussy at its neighbour rails Both disappear, and lo! a pair of tails— So shall Parkesennery from intestine flights Leave to post-science but his co-prolites.—

Is this an Atheist thet my fancy drew Or Moslem, Parsee, Pariah, or Jew? Prophetic typical of your renown Is that skew bridge that lately tumbled down Tho keystone speech so archly done by you That it might finish as commenced askew—— With such fatality; predestined work In future hail it as the Brig ’o Turk——

title: Page:To Bourkes Statue.djvu/16


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Parker, Richard Elliott


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 Who brags of Cockney trips to Palestine A feat as simple as ascend the Rhine, Munchausen fires his shots in far Darfur “Hic niger est”—too sceptical far Moor.—

Come peerless parson, to my lesson lest ’Cute cyclone circler, sage, geologist——— The North Shore witlings may behold ’tis true A Lyell or a Murchison in you Or, in St. Leonard’s Sunday fervour feel In pulpit eloquence, you beat McNeil When Moses struck the rock with rod of old Water gushed forth—yours, yields us virgin gold. While savans differ as to divers sorts, Believe that rock, the patronyme of quartz——— More versatile than Moses in your way Break rocks, commandments, or prescribe to pray. Do! churlish churchman double U.B.C. Don’t strive to prove the World’s Directory Newton, self-styled a child upon the shore Collecting pebbles; you are far before——— Map unknown spheres, control the Comet’s course And brand the winged Pegasus your horse———

Bleak house blears blindly o’er Eliza’s Bay Chill as the owner’s hospitality No music there save weeping willows sigh, And wavelets ripple murm’ring lullaby, Chance pic nic pilgrim, seeking scallop shell Draws down in dudgeon this high Admiral. “Flotsom and jetsom on these shores are mine, Hark to my deep mouthed bloodhounds sanguine whine”— Too selfish, greedy, puffy, and effete For Council squabbles or a world’s debate This Hermit next appears upon my list, Oh, tiresome twaddle of the naturalist

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 Or Natural—for aught that we can know As where there’s talent, it must surely show. Why, slavish parasites make such a fuss ’Bout pseudo garden of Alcinous?——— Self only dwells in this Cimmerian Bay. Where, (if ’tis true what meddling tabbies say) This Polyphemus doth with Polly play, And snakes and adders usher in the day. What Cerberus bloodhounds closely guard the gates Where solitary gourmand vegetates, Prates of past turtle steaks and “codger” whales Such spicy food and racy wit prevails, And as the Persian pig of former day Boasts all he has eaten he can take away— Could he but see himself as others do His consequence would drop a peg or two——— Christendom’s eighth Champion;—’tis to you This ladies album epigram is due Which Barkers flunkey picked up at your gate, And gave Miss ———; for a perquisite— “Not steeped in gore Religion’s flag, when woman was the cause Of deadly feud, of nations fall, of devastating wars Now Superstition drains the blood—not woman’s stolen kiss Still beauty lurks in maiden’s smile, yet all that’s wrong's a miss.” Ho, Cavalier servente to the dame, Of feather flirting, and Shakspearian fame, Whose little deaf uxorious husband whines, As passing years increase the antler’s tynes——— Here are rehearsed the joys of senile bliss, Conned from the mysteries of Eleusis And Lupercalia, here the game outvies Of Dives doating o’er love’s tragedies——— ’T were well, that at that memorable play The dark avengers were so far away, Or else that ugly scull were bare to-day As the poor Islander’s, (Ben Boyd’s they say)

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 Museums may reject the filthy lot I’ll mount the scull a novel * * What matter? filled; more fertile than its brains ’T will scatter plenty, not hoard up its gains— Among the rubbish, for the Paris show, See here one thing from which some blessings flow Shown with marsupial Australian fleas; View Mammon’s scull, from the antipodes———

Realm vies with realm in fashion and haut ton The modern Cyclop strives with Solomon—— In solemn silence, the Jew’s temple rose, As was commanded, and tradition shows Our commerce temples cause a world’s uproar, And steam-struck anvils ring from shore to shore. Now lightning wafts the message round the World, And man o’er sea o’er land by steam is whirled While the sun paints with undissembling ray Progressive labor of each toilsome day—— From Taprobane, gems and ivory wend, And Tarshish still her sunny gifts shall send; While Worlds unknown transmit the precious ore, In masses Ophir never dreamt of yore;——— But apes are shipped from classic Sydney Cove, As supercargoes of its treasure trove; Samples from Goshen to enlighten France, Baboonsin brains as well as countenance—— Full many a Hiram’s master mason there A Tubal Cain prove each artificer, Boaz and Jachin rise on vapours breath And domes ascend with magic shibboleth——

Start not star gazer P. P. K. RN. We ne’er can contemplate your like again In Logs, proportionals, in you, are seen Both him of Merchiston, and Maskelyne,— So say the Dons,—and I am over quick To grant full measure to a Lunatic, For transits, fluxions, calculus combin’d

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 Evince an intellect of no common kind, Of varied craft, kaleidoscopic soul Fix Astral Systems, point the Astral Pole The motto of marines, “by land or sea” In truth pertains as equally to thee; Lords of the Isles the same;—’tis no strange thing For are not you of Southern Isles, the King? But not the monarch of your survey’d coast Or, you ’ld ne’er wander now a hapless Ghost, Of what men took you for,—perchance preserv’d That blind Observatory where nought’s observ’d Where double lunars a la thumb and nose Salute the traveller who thither goes, To offer smoke at Cloacinas shrine Or other purposes Stubbs can devine——— Says Watts, all knowledge no man can acquire But you have leisure, and you are for hire,— Resolve the nebulæ, fate o’er you flung Your eye not yet as palsied as your tongue. No, naught is new in this siderial sky Phenomenon in our Astronomy!!— What hardships Halley dared for science sake, And younger Herschell—follow in his wake.——— Apt cases multiply (go search the schools) Of genius jaded to unlighten fools Alas you’ve listed in the Club-fool-alique Of which worn subject I am sorely sick If not dead-locked the tablets of your brain No need to take your altitude again.———

Of would-be cognoseenti there is one (I bide my time, at present partly dumb,) Who quite devoid of talent, feeling, sense, Assumes a borrowed, jackdaw consequence A semi-layman churchman, he would ape, And tire his clients as he tied his tape— So while the time-book scores a double fee His victim’s tortures with strange poetry, In dogg’rel couplets;—vile tractarian stuff

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 Ill patient’s stomach belches, quantum suff, Cogs from old tomes, and dishes up a treat From musty shelves and artistes obsolete.——— You strive with H H, Sydney’s Laureate, Equal in poesy or ideal mind Another Beaumont would a Fletcher find—— Lie in thy throat, malicious ugly knave Thy tongue be blistered, ere it foul the brave, Nor privilege of age, that coward cry Slur o’er thy slanders with impunity. Free as my will, my power, ere this had bled, The wretch who dared calumniate the dead———

The cannon thunders, here be known to all, Fall of Ballaarat and Sebastopol Tho twofold tale tho bulletins unfold, And Nickel here invades tho Land of Gold—— While England’s Armies wade in blood of foes, They spill her own at the Antipodes——— This ruthless sortie terror caused, ’tis plain; And Glencoe’s massacre’s rehearsed again——— Successful skirmish on La Plata’s Bank Cannot bring brains as easily as rank, Victoria’s Viceroy’s brains it seems are bare As the strange strategy that’s fostered there, May this poor policy not prove our loss, Nor proud St. George sink ’neath the Starry cross—

Of various changes men must undergo See Crœsus’ now, but paupers while ago Ask not, how they amassed their mighty wealth, Not easy solved, nor clean the bill of health, Full many a Dives on the bleak North Shore Has raised his mansion and his ample store That Blocksome couple (sunk the lodging house)

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 Now boasts Murœenæ Stragbourg pies and grouse, And hang their tiny son in golden chains Each link more weighty than the trio’s brains——

I’ve placed the donkeys—Devil take the ruck— If they’re self satisfied, the more the luck Those not yet posted, maybe bide their time For harsher stricture in more pungent rhyme—— As for the Macs, be they Mac-adamised As old in fancy as their hills so prized, Beauty as lavish in their mind as form Of equal temper, or in calm or storm, Doomed for an age to gulp sour Camden wine To gnaw the juiceless fibrine of lean kine, From arid food, aridity of brain Proves here predominant the curse of Cain— Acid and broaxy have their pockets lined While Times and progress are left far behind, To ration rum they owe their happiest years And fleece but followed on their grandsire’s shears Obeyed the proverb “made house book and child” I could descant, my muse cries “Draw it mild”——

The nondescripts the heterogeneous fry The fabled Bunyips man can’t classify—— Were I to castigate each Justice hod, I’d need the aid of Usher of black rod—— Misnomer Equity, Insolvents bleed For stale statistics I refer to Reid,—— (Him of long stature and more lengthy head As good at politics as cards’ its said If you’d cull gleanings from his tale of tubs Peer in at Perriers, reigning kings of clubs, Polemics or picquet which ere he try ’Tis five to four he gains the victory.) Who could a tale unfold of pounds and pence Of nepotism, past and present tense——— The Council prints the trash for ‘Privy’ sake That all, who run, may read, no “Reeds mistake”——

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 Refer with pride to plodding Brallaghan Whose skill made index for the old Gazettes (I wish he’d tell us those who paid their debts) Australia’s volume in appropriate calf Upset all gravity; as dustman’s laugh The Crystal Palace shook; Britannia gains, And copper medal pays him for his pains——

We’ve demi some flunkey Monday’s book Well known as Friday on the route he took For ever acting the man Friday’s part, To Crusoe Charlie, or in Deass cart—— Whole tiresome pages with the burthen team Of what he is, and what he might have been, Warms o’er his “Punch,” to that delightfull state When cozy gossips can deliberate, Espies a “gent” in Stockmans “tidy feet” Flea cracker, bug destroyer to the suite—— My butcher, baker, farrier, each of whom Courts his fair sweetheart in the maiden’s room,—— My Surgeon, daily asks “my wife” what ails her Monopolized each trade but undertaker—— Shall he thus daub each “pretty wife,” indeed Whom hospitality presents a feed?—— Beware how rinkled rakes rakes approach your gate Your maids and daughters to enumerate, (What matters marriage? in this land ’tis known The married rake walks o’er the course alone) To glean a lying yarn from serving men To pilfer halfpence with their paltry pen, Which, but proclaims the want of whip at schoul

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 Misquotes from Syntax—votes their host a fool— Will any tell, cui bono, is the grade, Of Majors General, Majors of Brigade, Of tottering staff whose peaceful pockets fill, Where all are officers and soldiers nil, Whose only care’s sufficiency of “ale,” And strive to prove their wives marsupial——— From Horse Guards patronage our shores defend’ We’ll pay the Forces; but old crones forefend.

Pray who is “Eldershaw,” where flown, where came If not a horse; one thing is clear as glass

These dry rot leaves are leavings of an Ass Mid muffs like these Sam Raymond has a chance, Long latent genius shall at last advance, Burst from the shadows where it lay entranced Like angel visits ’t will be more enhanced— Dubious and dusty dormant MSS, Escaped the mangle for the printing press, If I don’t err, old bricks, said diary know In Eastcheap, Poultry, Paternoster-row Save Bannister or Baron Field ’tis clear Brought o’er the rubbish just to shoot it here—— In bygone days, great nunquam dormiens “Bell” Fired off this squib, which hit extremely well As point blank range suits now as well then, God save the mark, why let it off again “The Gazette of St. Francisco offers dollars thousands five For the head of Peter Raymond who it seems is ell alive Happy, happy San Francisco, better far than Sydney town Where you cannot find a Raymond with a head worth half-a-crown

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 In which opinion I can’t quite concur No, wisest mortals are least apt to err Yet, for that head, should my desires incline In bran new tile, I’d offer four-and-nine.—

Mid such a motley mass of parvenus, The scourges puzzled where the last lash to use— Legion, the name of this besotted race May Charon waft each to his proper place,— The learned Magnates of the City Bench Who live on crime, in atmosphere of stench As Dowlan Leary—shall I call the main? By Jove ’tis Nick—don’t envy them their gain. The dirtiest office finds a ready mob And nightman’s wages,’ fall to nightman’s job, Poor Dowlan’s honest (rather apt to pry) Can’t say the same of his fraternity From childhood plodded on till now, to cry I’m paid for work and not ability That midday meal vexated health requires It is my dinner, and saves kitchen fires. The sword of Gideon flames in wild career The great Dundas Tactician Volunteer The gawky Scot and Diggins Chronicler. If such recruits as this, stiff Brown, can drill, He well deserves a testimonial Of solid gold:—not gilding of the pen If louts, like these, ere move like gentlemen—.

The Hero see of Constitution Hill Whose head grows lighter as his pockets fill, (Bold lucky private who secured the boy An idiot playing with unloaded toy)—— A grateful sovereign raised him from the ranks Place and promotion testify her thanks See now he stalks with consequential force, Learned too to ride!——a beggar on a horse,

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 Reads, writes, and speaks with equal ease and grace King or Kings’ minion’s cannot change his face.—— Here schroffs and sheriffs follow on the scent From mongrel cur, to hound of high descent Old gossips prate how one Alexis loved How Ganymede a Corydon had proved.—— See Limerick Chronicle for purest blood Of ketch providers downward from the flood, Linked to the hectic hoydens that adorn The ill stocked Hareems of our Golden Horn—— ’Tis here they sell the whitewashed milk In ample measure a lá Jilk No cove can here the landlord bilk Of Garryowen na gloria———

Here slopman Argrave lays down faultless law Where gold must be, where nature made a flaw, With “strata dipping upwards," and such like With “quartz conglomerate,” and “downwards strike” With “axis clinical” and “modern schist” He petrifies the wide mouthed mob who list—— Midst combat seeking knights of present day, Not dub him one?—he’d shine as well as they; With beggar’s box as full as it can hold He’ll give a tournament on “Clotte of Gold”—— On such ignoble heels to buckle spurs Were jest at chivalry, a joust for curs, Whose deadly vengeance, but to snarl and bite Since Courts and cowards put an end to fight.— Here Knights abound, our Baronet has gone And one live Lord roams through the land alone, An isolated instance o’er the main, A genuine Peer, a peerless gentleman————

Commissioners throng of high and low degree Of Courts, of Land, of Sandhills and Coogee,—— And last and least that gold bedizened Crew All useless ciphers; pity ’tis ’tis true As bare of brains as headless turkey cock

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 That stills struts on, with head left on the block Which rare conceit’s from Sterne’s not Sale’s Koran I cannot find it, but perhaps you can.—— See this dull lout, that lengthy gawky boy, Just cast their quills, and bought a sharper toy,— Not long endured this idle bullying clique Who grind the digger, for the fee, they keep, Who, while he toils in sun (oft vain his task), Loll in their tents or pierce the forfeit cask—— Much could I tell to prove the tribe’s disgrace But spare my strictures for another place———

The City Coms. have barely yet had time To flush the sewers or calculate the fine So versatile in talent are the three The hydraheads of this directory—— Generous to wink at City rates unpaid Or smirk approval of a fire brigade See universal genius of a Ray, Isaiah, can paraphrase, or pave the way While steady Darewell holds the proper cue So miss the stroke or make it, entre nous, And Lordly Elliott holds his nose so high, You’d think his function was ol-factory But that nice snuggery is obsolete, and Stubbs’ Rules, sole incumbent of nocturnal tubs.——

Quibbler’s, impostors, pedlars are the rest Of history doubtful, arrant knaves at best, At least the most of them, as from the Hell Emerge you see them, flushed with wine, pellmell— All Bent-street savours of stale ale, cigars, Those laugh who win, the losers curse their stars And that star chamber that thus took them in Where policy excluded gentlemen—— Gaunt glutton, Dobby’s nod o’er acrid wine By chance ne’er absent were a chance to dine. Nod, did I say, you’ll ne’er catch Dobby napping At any table but at table rapping,

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 For like the Ortolan, ’tis but when fed A ray of light descends upon his head—— Here statesmen stimulate ‘bedad’ such ‘gab’ And Morerice moves, infected with the scab His fleecy clients sound in wind and limb The fatal murrain seems to stick to him. Inflex pecus! slaves to Bent-st., gents, Worthy the man of his constituents—— Miasma jests of vapid marsh abound As course hilarity and lush goes round Should slightest scintillation sparkle,—thus ’Tis noxious vapour, ignis fatuus While frequent pops of gooseberry champagne, Proclaim unknown the liquor law of Mayne: Who takes example from wet former Day So never soaks, except when others pay—— While Gammay’s gammon proves him thoro’ game, And points his pedigree from noble name.—— With arm on aide de camp (if held his tongue) A passing puppet mid the motley throng.———

Etruria flourished on another plan, And lying motto proves, no prophet, man, Did this fair town, as Sodom’s fate, depend On five true men, to-day would be her end—— The warning TEKEL, cautions, ere too late For clouds and darkness hover o’er her fate, So serpents cast your skins, from slime emerge Ere H. H. mourn you in immortal dirge—

Illusive as of yore strange tales it seems The old see visions, and the young dream dreams— Such were my waking visions; dreamings too, Pass as they will, I pars them on to you, Convinced each viper with envenomed tooth Will feel, he, bites a file, who turns on truth.——

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 With this I’ll finish, ’ere of mopish mood Show snarling tooth and I’ll again intrude, At any time or place, with hand or pen Dare to the Lists each petty myrmidon. Full many a fling, rubs rougher wait you yet This but the Alpha, of my Alphabet—— Archilachuss will lend his prurient pen When next I note such sapient gentlemen,—— The mirrior now reflects direct the face Oblique the angle, how it sweeps o’er space The ray now strikes direct:—but he appriz’d, It won’t be healthy when ’tis polariz’d——

Much I foresee, predict for happier times When minstrels lay carol in merrier rhymes, When vicious truckling be a past disgrace, Submerged in Lethe,—springs a gen’rous race Who scon with sorrow and deep blushing frown, That, said of Sydney as of Roman town, This fearful truth,—(’twill end my tale the faster) “Neo vir fortis”———“nec——fæmino casta”——

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text: To Bourke's Statue

title: To Bourke's Statue


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108 'Now, Ubertus,' said the Doctor, lighting his pipe, 'I must have some serious talk with you, private and confidential, you must remember. Our friend the Demon has the power to insinuate himself unseen through a keyhole into any company he pleases; but I have a privilege which he knows nothing about, one that I found out by long study and many experiments, and it is this—I can detect his presence. He may be totally invisible, or he may appear in the shape of man, woman, or child, or as a bird, beast, or fish, but I shall know the fact. He is not here now, and we may speak our minds freely. What agreement exists between you and him? Tell me without prevarication and hide nothing. What did he bring you here for?'

'He brought me here, my dear Doctor, if I do not presume to offend you, for the purpose of getting me to consent to be his private secretary, and he offers me a salary of a million pounds per annum.'

'A million rabbits' tails per annum! What else?'

'As many fine castles to live in as I like.'

'As many fine dog-kennels and pigsties to live in as you like! Anything else?'

'Nothing else, sir, except pleasure and happiness for ever.'

'Yes—for ever—the pleasure and happiness of the cursed and the damned for ever. You saw his lovely daughter, Bellagranda; did you dine with her?'

'I neither tasted the dainties nor the wine which she and her maids offered me, Doctor.'

'That was well,' said he, stroking his beard; 'that was very well, and a great point gained. Have you consented to be ins private secretary?'

'No, sir, not yet.'

'Did you tell him you would take time to consider his proposal?'


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Rh 'No ; I did not lead him for a moment to suppose that I would accept his proposals.'

'That's right. I think I shall be instrumental in saving you from him, and from that female fiend Bellagranda. Have nothing to do with either of them! Ubertus, I fear that you are rather a weak kind of man. Are you fond of wine? I am not impertinent; my profession, position, and the fact that you are under my especial medical care, do away with the suspicion of impertinence and idle curiosity.'

'I acquit you of all ideas of the kind, Doctor. But why do you think I am a weak kind of man?'

'I cannot tell you why. I am not gifted with the power of reading men's thoughts; they are only to be guessed at by visible signs, and frequently the guesses are erroneous, and evil opinions are formed because we delight in tearing holes in each other's coats. I shall not give you any advice. Somebody has said that no one is ever the better for good advice. Some day perhaps I may give you some, but not now; you are not ripe for it. This only I will say: Beware how you sign articles with the Demon, and beware how you encourage his daughter. If she should assail you again, here is an antidote for her poison.'

He took from one of the pockets of his doublet a small packet, and, opening it, displayed a curious shining powder. 'Take a pinch of this,' he said, 'and sprinkle it before her—on her face if possible.'

'And what will be the result, Doctor? It might be terrible!' I exclaimed.

'She will then know that you are protected by a superior power, and will not trouble you again. I have asked you if you are fond of wine, but you did not answer me, I think because the volubility of my own precious tongue precluded the possibility of your doing so.'

'My good friend,' I answered, 'I beg to assure you that


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110 I am not fond of wine. You may make yourself easy on that score. I never was fond of wine, or any other intoxicating drink. It is one of the greatest blessings I have ever enjoyed, and one for which I have always been most deeply grateful, that I am able even to reside in a house where intoxicating liquors are sold without feeling the slightest temptation to partake of them myself. In the present state of our world, the desire for stimulating beverages is a prominent and gloomy feature. There is no greater cause of dishonour, dishonesty, lasciviousness, violence, and even downright murder itself. The love of it reduces thousands of men and women, who were once clever and beautiful, aye, and good and true, to degrading, wretched poverty, and associates them with hardened criminals and revolting crime. What will they say, I wonder, when they stand before the judgment-seat of God, and hear the sentence of perpetual banishment from His presence pronounced because they could not or would not resist that vile temptation! Yet we must hope and pray for the mercy of God for the poor, weak, deluded creatures.'

'You can lecture well on temperance, Ubertus,' said the Doctor, 'and you have improved your knowledge by your residence here. You saw the multitudes of people in the Pleasure Department of this city; if you called all those people together in the great primordial abyss, which is more than ten miles in diameter, the place would be crowded to suffocation, and I believe if you asked them all what had brought them to ruin, ninety-nine out of every hundred would answer that it was love of wine, or gin, or brandy, or rum, or whisky.'

'It is, indeed, most astonishing,' I replied, 'to perceive how this gigantic disease keeps spreading, and is ever on the increase. Among men and women, too, who ought to have sense and discretion, who are in possession of their intellectual faculties, who have wit and talents to guide them


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Rh through the world, and perhaps genius to astonish and delight their fellow men. They may be the children of honest and sober parents, reared in the lap of the heart's best and noblest affections, loaded with blessings and the abundant enjoyments of life from their very cradle, educated and brought up as ladies and gentlemen, the centres of attraction in peaceful and happy homes, the future hope and joy of those who love them; and yet we see them day by day falling into the horrible pit dug for them by this deceitful, cruel, earthly god! all unhappy examples in the past, all solemn warnings for the future, unheeded or despised; husbands robbing and starving their wives and children; wives insanely driving their husbands away from their hearths and homes; children arrayed against their parents! See the terrible conflagration in which lives are lost, and hundreds of thousands of pounds' worth of merchandise destroyed, caused by one miserable drunkard trying to get into his bed. Read of the dreadful war which has arisen between two friendly nations through the unreasonable obstinacy of a king or a minister inflamed by wine. What a long list of abominable crimes, of vicious folly, of malicious injury to peaceful and innocent people, of poverty and degradation, has intemperance to show us! And to think that it ruins the peace of thousands of families, and makes a hell where we should expect, not a heaven, indeed, but a comparatively happy home. Was this the curse that made Absalom a rebel and a traitor to his father and his king; bade him listen to the parricidal counsel of Ahitophel, and drove the wretched David to cry out in the bitterness of his heart, "O my son, Absalom——"'

'Stop, stop, for Heaven's sake!' broke in the Doctor. 'You are enough to drive any ordinary man wild. I'll have to clap you into the tenth dungeon with Astoragus if you go on much longer. I thought I was a bit of an elephant


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112 at speech-making, but you're a perfect whale. I can't stand any more,' and so saying he ran out of the room.

I sat still in dismal silence for a couple of hours, and when the time came for us to partake of our frugal supper he returned and took his seat. We ate in quiet reserve; he, perhaps, unwilling to obtrude his usual table-talk on me, who might have some serious cause for grief, and I from a growing determination to keep all further manifestations of weakness to myself. What right have I, was my reflection, to bore people with my griefs; for what are those griefs to them? They may have their own, with which they do not trouble me. Their sympathy, be it ever so kind and real, will not cure what may or may not be curable. No; henceforth I will be strong, not weak. This strange and strong-minded friend of mine shall see that, as long as we remain together, I can be as firm, as strong, or as hard-hearted, if he wills it, as he is himself. So away with heart-breaking cares, and 'hence loathed melancholy'! I am Oliver Ubertus, and will not identify myself with any other man in any part of the habitable world.

The Doctor lit his pipe, and smoked for a long time in perfect silence; and I sat still, afraid to move lest I should disturb the current of his thoughts. At last, when I had become thoroughly tired of silence, he suddenly spoke, and his words alarmed me exceedingly.

'That confounded Astoragus!'

'What of him, Doctor, for Heaven's sake? Has he escaped? Has he become a flea?' I asked with bated breath.

'He has not escaped, Ubertus, and you are safe so far; but he has made me guilty of an act of cruelty which my very soul abhors.'

'Gracious powers! You surely have not boiled him in serpents' poison and rackarock, have you, Doctor?'

'Well, no, not exactly, although the Demon ordered me


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Rh to do so; but I sometimes take the liberty of modifying that worthy person's commands. I will tell you what I did. I had him tied up to a post, and made Florian, as a punishment for his own late misbehaviour, administer fifty lashes to his bare back, another of my servants standing by with a whip to make the flagellator do his duty properly. Then we put him to bed, and rubbed his body all over with strong mustard and vinegar, and left orders that when he woke up in the morning he should be dusted with powder of Spanish flies and cayenne pepper.'

'Oh, Doctor! how could you do it? I can scarcely believe it—but the latter part at least you can revoke. Do so, do so, for mercy's sake, and for my sake!'

'Hush, hush!' he said hurriedly; 'are you going into one of your fits again? You haven't got the gizzard or the heart of a chicken. I am ashamed of you, upon my soul.'

'Remember, sir, he is a fellow-creature, though a fallen one—a human being; he may be misguided, he may be hardened; if you are cruel to him, it will only harden him still more.'

'Fiddlesticks,' said the Doctor.

'I beg your pardon, sir,' I replied. 'So far as I may dare to speak, but not to dictate, I recommend moderation. Nothing was ever gained by going to violent extremes, but a great deal has been lost, and lost without hope of recovery, by that unwise policy. I do not want to provoke an argument, or ruffle your temper, or interfere with your duties. You know what our great bard says about mercy; let no future poet or historian have to say, even of this place, that mercy was denied to such fallen creatures as Astoragus.'

The Doctor seemed moved by my appeal, and responded: 'Well, well, I will arrange that the dusting shall not be carried out; but let him not fall into my hands again—he may not have you here to beg him off. I believe you'd beg


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14 him off if he murdered your wife and family, of which I think he is fully capable. I will tell you what you are, Ubertus. I don't mince matters or bite you on your back. You are a fool, an ass—you're as soft as butter; you haven't got the hardness of a flea. If you want to get on in the world, you must be as hard as iron, as cruel as a bear, and as selfish as a pig. Now, after that, off with you to bed. Take this physic with you; drink it when you lie down; it will make you dream pleasantly.'

As he spoke he mixed seven drops of a very dark fluid with water, and, putting the vessel containing it into my hand, wished me good-night.

'May I presume to ask you one question, Doctor, before I go?' said I deferentially.

'My dear boy,' he replied, 'at any other time I would give you leave to ask me a dozen, but I have an engagement to-night—I am going to see Helen.'

'To see Helen! Who is Helen, Doctor?' I asked in surprise.

'You do not know Helen,' he answered gravely. 'I will introduce you to her before you go hence. Your question quickly—one only.'

'Dear sir,' said I—'my dear benefactor, I hope you will not be offended. You know my name—Oliver Ubertus, of Tiger Gully, Tasmania, but you have not favoured me with yours, and I am very desirous of knowing it.'

'My name,' he replied, while a smile of subdued astonishment illuminated his handsome face—'my name, Ubertus? do you really do me the honour to ask after my name? Why, you will be inviting me to a small bottle-jack party soon, if I do not take care. My name is not to be found in your Tasmanian Directory, or whatever you call it. My name—I believe I have forgotten my name. Let me try to remember—Smith, Brown, Jones—no—Johnson, Tom,


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Rh Jack, Harry—no, none of these—stay—yes, I have it at last—my name, sir, is Doctor Julius Rabbitonius, M.D.M., R.C.S.L., etc., etc., Director General, etc., etc., Minister of Scientific Possibilities in the city of Pandapolis, and Premier;' and, with a loud laugh, he hurried from the apartment.


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night I really did not know whether it was night or day. In accordance with the prognostications of my learned and powerful friend, I had, in the course of a deep sleep of about twelve hours' duration, the following singular but vivid dream.

I thought I had embarked on board a large vessel, in company with a great number of noisy passengers, who had determined to sail round the world in search of wealth and happiness. We touched at many previously unknown lands, which presented many strange varieties of scenery, and wonderful peculiarities of climate, but failed to reach the objects of our desire. So far from finding wealth, we seemed to be ourselves the targets for the cupidity of the people at the places we visited, for crowds of them ran about while our ship was approaching their shores, holding up their hands, and bellowing with loud voices, 'Give! give!'

At Length, one evening, we descried an island in the distance, which shone in the midst of an emerald sea with the brightness of the noon-day sun. As in our delight we gazed upon it, and fancied that at last our most sanguine anticipations would be realized, a sudden hurricane burst upon us. Fierce and cold rain rolled down from the island


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Rh which lately had shone so brightly; our ship was tossed awhile like a bubble on the angry waves, and then went down into the deep. We, its passengers and crew, paralyzed and despairing, struggled for our lives. After awhile I ceased from struggling, fell asleep, and awoke on the shore all alone.

The storm had passed away; the sea and sky were now serene and lovely. I was on an island which had shores and rocks of the brightest gold, on which the sun shone with dazzling lustre, but I could see no grass or trees growing upon it. The waves beat gently on the strand, and sent up now and again showers of pearls and diamonds, with rubies, emeralds, and other precious stones, but nothing that had the slightest sign of life. In some of the bays, where the water was calm and clear, I could see a countless number of human skulls, and other bones, lying on the bottom. I began to be tormented with hunger and thirst, and looked about anxiously for something to appease my desires, but I could find nothing but gold and gems, which I longed to change into bread. Tasting the water of the sea, I found it as bitter as gall; and then I fell down in despair, and expected to die.

While lying on the golden sands I suddenly saw a strange and startling object becoming visible in the heavens. It was a star of surpassing splendour, outshining the sun, but presenting a different appearance. It appeared to be a strong concentration of light, glowing with the power of pure oxygen-gas within an amber- coloured, transparent globe. It cast its brilliant and beautiful rays over the sparkling sea for awhile, and then gradually faded away.

Wondering what this appearance might mean, I looked around me, and then beheld a fleet of ships and boats which were approaching the island with marvellous rapidity. The ships had all their white sails set, and these were filled


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118 with a prosperous gale; the rowers in the boats tugged at their oars with all their might. Suddenly another terrific storm arose, and after battling with the waves in vain, the violence of the tempest mocking all their efforts, they all disappeared from my sight.

And yet not quite all. One very small skiff survived, in which there was only one person, and that person was a beautiful girl. She rowed her tiny boat with graceful ease, and mounted on the billows like a fearless and majestic swan. Her golden hair clustered in rich masses around her pearly shoulders. Her watchful eyes glanced quickly from side to side like twin stars. She was clothed in garments of the purest white, but wore no covering on her head. Her boat touched the shore, and in a soft, bewitching voice she addressed me:

'Dost thou wish to leave this island?

'I do, madam,' I replied; 'I am hungry and thirsty, and can find nothing to eat or drink.'

'Come with me then,' she said, 'and do not touch its riches!'

I entered her little boat in a transport of delight, and she rowed hastily away from the shore. Never in my life had I seen such a transcendently lovely creature. Her beauty cannot be described in words. While her tiny bark flew over the now calm water, I could see the remains of the lost fleet, and the bodies of the unfortunate sailors, lying beneath the surface. My fair fellow-passenger did not utter another word, but on my offering to take the oars she bent her head, intimating that I should sit still. She looked at me sometimes with, I thought, a pitying gaze; at other times, after a hurried glance, she betrayed by a celestial smile an inward consciousness of the sweetest and purest joy. We now approached another island, or continent, very different indeed from that golden shore of destruction which


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Parker, Samuel (bishop)


text: Index:Zur Thermodynamik bewegter Systeme.djvu


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 by

Dr. Fritz Hasenöhrl

(Presented in the session of October 31, 1907.)

A specific electromagnetic momentum is connected to radiation in a moving cavity. Because the heat content of each body partly consists of radiating energy, each body has a specific electromagnetic mass that depends on its energy content, thus e.g. also on its temperature. This assertion was demonstrated by me in earlier papers. Since then, a paper by on the radiation in a moving cavity has been published, in which (besides other things) the energy content of the moving cavity has been calculated by the aid of the relation between energy and momentum. Furthermore, has studied the dynamics of an arbitrarily moving system, where he presupposes the existence of the mentioned electromagnetic momentum.

presupposes the validity of the so called relativity principle in the form of, then he uses the moving cavity as test body, and so he obtains theorems that are valid for each body.


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 In the present paper I have attempted to work out a theory of an arbitrarily moving body as well. The chosen way differs essentially from the method of. Only the thermodynamic theorems as well as the definition of electromagnetic momentum are presupposed. If one then requires that a co-moving observer shall not notice his motion, then the contraction hypothesis is given.

Thus we consider an arbitrary body, whose state is given by the inner energy $$U_0$$ and the volume $$v$$ when at rest. If it is adiabatically brought to the velocity $$q = \beta c$$, then it has the specific momentum $$\mathfrak{G}$$ which must be representable as a function of $$U_0, v, \beta$$. We put

$\mathfrak{G}=\frac{1}{c}\phi(U_{0},v,\beta).$

There, the performed work of the translation forces is

$\int q\ dt\frac{d\mathfrak{G}}{dt}=\int_{0}^{\beta}\beta\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial\beta}d\beta.$|undefined

The energy of the body has increased by this amount; if we denote it by $$U$$, then

Furthermore, we introduce the quantity

that we can also consider as function of $$U_{0}, v$$ and $$\beta$$. Then it is:


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In the differentiation of one of the quantities $$U_0, v, \beta$$, the two others have to be kept constant. We also emphasize, that we understand $$U_0$$ as the energy which it obtains when the body is brought adiabatically and isochorically to rest; the way by which the body has acquired its momentary (moving) state, is completely irrelevant.

1. Computation of the pressure.

We denote the pressure of the resting system by $$p_0$$, that of the moving one by $$p$$. In order to compute the latter, we consider the following circular process:

A. The initial state shall be that of rest; $$U_0, v, p_0$$ shall be the values of the relevant state variables. We change the volume adiabatically from $$v$$ to $$v'=v+dv$$; then the energy assumes the value $$U'_0=U_0-p_0 dv$$.

B. We bring the body to the velocity $$\beta c$$. The energy assumes the value

$U = \Phi(U'_{0},\ v',\ \beta)$

The work of the external forces is

$U - U'_{0} = \Phi(U'_{0},\ v',\ \beta) - U'_{0}$.

C. We change (at constant velocity) the volume adiabatically by $$-dv$$. The external forces perform the compression work $$pdv$$ and the translation work $$\beta d\phi$$ (in order to keep the velocity constant). Thus the increase of energy is

$dU = pdv + \beta d\phi\,$.


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 Let $$U''_0$$ be the value now assumed by $$U_0$$; then it is

D. We bring the body to rest in an adiabatic and isochoric way. There, the work

$U_{0} - \Phi(U_{0},\ v,\ \beta)$

is performed. The state of the body is now given by the variables $$U''_{0},\ v,\ \beta = 0$$. The total work of the external forces is:

$(-p_{0}dv) + (\Phi(U'_{0},\ v',\ \beta) - U'_{0}) + (pdv + \beta d\phi) + (U_{0} - \Phi(U_{0}, v,\ \beta)).$

According to the first thermodynamic main-theorem, the work must be equal to $$U''_0-U_0$$. The second main-theorem additionally requires, that this difference is zero. Otherwise this circular process (or the reverse one) would represent a thermal perpetual motion machine. Thus we put $$U''_0-U_0$$ in the previous expressions; then we notice that

$\begin{array}{lll} d\phi & = & \phi(U_{0},v,\beta)-\phi(U'_{0},v',\beta)=\\ \\ & = & \frac{\partial\phi}{\partial U_{0}}(U_{0}-U'_{0})+\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial v}(v-v')=\\ \\ & = & \frac{\partial\phi}{\partial U_{0}}p_{0}dv-\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial v}dv\end{array}$|undefined

and

$\Phi(U'_{0},v',\beta)-\Phi(U_{0},v,\beta)=\frac{\partial\Phi}{\partial v}dv-\frac{\partial\Phi}{\partial U_{0}}p_{0}dv$|undefined

thus we obtain:

$\frac{\partial\Phi}{\partial v}dv-\frac{\partial\Phi}{\partial U_{0}}p_{0}dv+\beta\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial U_{0}}p_{0}dv-\beta\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial v}dv+pdv=0$|undefined

or according to (2):

Thus we obtain the theorem: If an arbitrary body (in the state of rest) is under the pressure $$p_0$$, then it


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 assumes (at adiabatic-isochoric acceleration) the value $$p$$ as given by equation (6).

This theorem can be easier derived in the following way (even though it is less clear from the physical standpoint): At adiabatic state changes, the amount of $$U$$ only depends on the momentary values of the quantities $$\beta$$ and $$v$$. Thus when (at arbitrary velocity) $$v$$ is adiabatically changed by $$dv$$, then $$U_0$$ changes by $$-p_{0}dv$$. Then the energy increase, which is equal to the work of the external forces here, is:

$dU = -pdv + \beta d\phi\,$

and therefore also

$-pdv - \phi d\beta$

is a complete differential, thus

$\frac{\partial p}{\partial\beta}=\left(\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial v}\right)$

Here, $$\left(\tfrac{\partial}{\partial v}\right)$$ is to be understood as a differentiation at adiabatic state change; thus if $$\phi$$ is given as an explicit function of $$v$$ and $$U_0$$, we have:

$\left(\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial v}\right)=\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial v}+\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial U_{0}}\left(\frac{\partial U_{0}}{\partial v}\right)=\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial v}-p_{0}\frac{\partial\phi}{\partial U_{0}}.$|undefined

Furthermore, since we have according to (4)

$\phi=-\frac{\partial H}{\partial\beta}$

the previous equation can be integrated towards $$\beta$$ and we obtain

$p=p_{0}\frac{\partial H}{\partial U_{0}}-\frac{\partial H}{\partial v}+\mathrm{const.}$|undefined

This constant can also be a function of $$U_0$$ and $$v$$; it reduces to zero, since we have

$H=U_{0};\quad\left(\frac{\partial H}{\partial v}\right)_{U_{0}}=0$|undefined

for $$\beta = 0, p =p_{0}$$.


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 2. The differential of the supplied heated.

is increased (as the energy increase) by the performed work of the considered body, thus

$dQ = dU + pdv - \beta d\phi$

If we again introduce $$U_{0}, v$$ and $$\beta$$ as independent variables, then it becomes:

If we consider (1), (2) and (6), then it becomes:

$dQ=\frac{\partial H}{\partial U_{0}}dU_{0}+\frac{\partial H}{\partial v}dv+\left(p_{0}\frac{\partial H}{\partial U_{0}}-\frac{\partial H}{\partial v}\right)dv,$|undefined

or

This expression is valid in full generality.

3. The temperature of the moving body.

We first consider a system of bodies, all of them moving with the same constant velocity. Experience tells us that $$dQ/T$$ is then a complete differential. Equation (7) shows that this condition is satisfied, when we put

$$T_0$$ is the integrating denominator of $$dU_{0}+p_{0}dv$$, when we (analogous to the preceding) understand under $$T_0$$ the temperature assumed by the body when it is adiabatically


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 and isochorically brought to velocity zero. The arising function of $$\beta$$ plays here the role of a constant, so it is irrelevant. Of course, it must have the same value for all bodies.

Since we see $$\beta$$ as constant in this case, it is

$dQ=\frac{\partial H}{\partial U_{0}}(dU_{0}+p_{0}dv)=dH+pdv.$|undefined

In a system whose velocity isn't changing, $$H$$ plays the role of the inner energy for a co-moving observer; between the quantities $$H, v, p, t$$ the same relations exist, which follows from the thermodynamic main-theorems for $$U_{0}, v, p_{0}, T_{0}$$.

Now, let a body pass through 's circular process, in which the two reservoirs have different velocities; namely, $$T_{1}, \beta_{1}c$$ are the temperature and velocity of one reservoir; $$T_{2}, \beta_{2}c$$ are the relevant quantities for the other one. If the theorem of the impossibility of a thermal perpetual motion machine is also valid when it assumes different velocities in its different stages, then the ratio of the heat quantities given off to the reservoirs cannot depend on the nature of the circular process. Then it must be

$\frac{dQ_{1}}{dQ_{2}}=\frac{\left[\frac{\partial H}{\partial U_{0}}(dU_{0}+p_{0}dv)\right]_{1}}{\left[\frac{\partial H}{\partial U_{0}}(dU_{0}+p_{0}dv)\right]_{2}}=\varphi(T_{1},T_{2},\beta_{1},\beta_{2})$|undefined

One can easily see, that this function must have the form

$\frac{\phi(T_{1},\beta_{1})}{\phi(T_{2},\beta_{2})}$

Furthermore

$\frac{\phi(T_{1},\beta)}{\phi(T_{2},\beta)}=\frac{T_{1}}{T_{2}}$|undefined

must be the case as well,


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 because the ordinary definition of temperature must hold for bodies of same velocity, so the form for $$\phi$$ is given by

$\phi(T, \beta) = T \cdot g(\beta).$

We want to set this function $$g(\beta)$$, as well as function $$f(\beta)$$ in (8a), equal to one; then it becomes

Though we have to emphasize, that there is a certain arbitrariness in this. Even when we don't set these functions equal to one, we neither come into contradiction with the theorem of the impossibility of a thermal perpetual motion machine, nor with the ordinary definition of temperature which is indeed only related to bodies of same velocity. The criterion of equality of temperature is not applicable to bodies of unequal velocity, since we cannot directly bring them in reversible heat exchange, but only with the aid of an auxiliary body which assumes different velocities. Though if we don't set $$g(\beta)$$ equal to one, then also the entropy of the adiabatic acceleration changes.

Anyway, it is the easiest way to define $$T$$ by equation (8); then $$dQ/T$$ is a complete differential and the entropy remains constant at adiabatic acceleration.

4. The entropy of a moving body.

We arrived at the result that pressure and temperature assume the values

at isochoric-adiabatic acceleration.


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 $$H$$ plays the role of the inner energy in a system moving with constant velocity.

Let the entropy of the resting system be $$S_{0}(U_{0}, v)$$, that of the moving one can be expressed by $$S(H, v)$$. The relations hold

$\left(\frac{\partial S_{0}}{\partial U_{0}}\right)_{v}=\frac{1}{T_{0}},\quad \left(\frac{\partial S_{0}}{\partial v}\right)_{U_{0}}=\frac{p_{0}}{T_{0}};$|undefined

but also

$\left(\frac{\partial S}{\partial H}\right)_{v}=\frac{1}{T},\quad \left(\frac{\partial S}{\partial v}\right)_{H}=\frac{p}{T};$

since it is indeed (at constant $$\beta$$)

$dS=\frac{1}{T}(dH+pdv)$.

Since the system was adiabatically brought from the state of rest to that of motion, the entropy has the same value in both cases, thus:

$S_{0}(U_{0}, v) = S(H, v)\,$

therefore also

$\frac{\partial S_{0}}{\partial U_{0}}=\frac{\partial S}{\partial U_{0}}=\frac{\partial S}{\partial H}\frac{\partial H}{\partial U_{0}}, $|undefined

$\left(\frac{\partial S_{0}}{\partial v}\right)_{U_{0}}=\left(\frac{\partial S}{\partial v}\right)_{U_{0}}=\frac{\partial S}{\partial H}\left(\frac{\partial H}{\partial v}\right)_{U_{0}}+\left(\frac{\partial S}{\partial v}\right)_{H}.$|undefined

From that, also equations (6) and (8) are immediately given.

5. Momentum.

Thus far we have presupposed the existence of momentum, without making a special assumption concerning its value. Now we want to assume in agreement with the theory of and, that momentum is equal to the space integral of the (absolute)


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 energy flow, divided by the square of the speed of light. If we assume that it's about the flow of the total energy, i.e. that the total inner energy is of electromagnetic nature, then momentum can be calculated by the following simple consideration.

We consider a cylindrical body of cross-section unity, moving in the direction of its axis (a differently deformed body can be imagined as divided in cylindrical parts). By an arbitrary cross-section that shares the motion, the (relative) energy flow $$\pi_{1}$$ shall flow in the direction of motion, the energy flow $$\pi_{2}$$ in the opposite direction. Since the body is imagined as homogeneous, these quantities are independent of the location of the cross-section; thus the backward (in the sense of motion) base surface will emanate the energy quantity $$\pi_{1}$$ in unit time, and will get the energy quantity $$\pi_{2}$$. The difference $$\pi_{1} - \pi_{2}$$ must be equal to the work performed at this surface in unit time. The force acting here is the pressure $$p$$; the pressure work in unit time is $$pq$$; thus

$pq=\pi_1-\pi_2\,$.

In order to calculate the absolute energy flow, i.e. the energy flow through a cross-section imagined as at rest, we have to add the product of the energy density multiplied with the translation velocity, to the relative energy flow in the direction of motion, i.e. to the quantity $$\pi_{1} - \pi_{2}$$. If we denote the first one with $$u$$ for the moment, then the absolute energy flow through the cross-section is given by the quantity

$\pi_1 - \pi_2 + qu = (p+u)q\,$.

If we multiply this quantity with the volume and divide by $$c^2$$, then

$\mathfrak{G}=\frac{1}{c^{2}}v(p+u)q$|undefined


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 or, since we denote $$uv$$ with $$U$$

Thus the types of inner energy don't matter, as long as they are only of electromagnetic nature (we imagine that they are composed of radiating energy and energy of arbitrarily moving electrons). Also the relative velocity and the energy flow don't matter as well; the individual energy types can of course flow with different velocities.

Of course, one comes to the same result when the individual energy flows are taken into account. For instance, let $$u(\phi)\sin \phi\ d\phi$$ be the density of a specific energy type, moving in a relative direction that encloses an angle between $$\phi$$ and $$\phi+d\phi$$ with the direction of motion. Then the total energy of this type is

$U=2\pi\ v\int_{0}^{\pi}\ u(\phi)\ \sin\phi\ d\phi.$

We obtain the momentum when we multiply the absolute flow, i.e. $$u(\phi) \sin\phi\ d\phi \cdot \omega_{A}$$ (where $$\omega_{A}$$ is the flow-velocity) with $$\cos\varphi$$, where $$\varphi$$ is the angle between the absolute flow direction and the direction of motion. Thus:

$\mathfrak{G}=\frac{2\pi v}{c^{2}}\int_{0}^{\pi}u(\phi)\cdot\omega_{A}\cdot\cos\varphi\cdot\sin\phi\ d\phi.$|undefined

However, now it is

$\omega_{A} \cos\varphi = q + \omega_{R} \cos\phi$,


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 where $$\omega_{R}$$ is the relative velocity ($$\omega_{A}$$ and $$\omega_{R}$$ are in general functions of $$\phi$$ or $$\varphi$$).

Thus

$\mathfrak{G}=\frac{2\pi v}{c^{2}}q\int_{0}^{\pi}u(\phi)\sin\phi\ d\phi+\frac{2\pi v}{c^{2}}\int_{0}^{\pi}u(\phi)\sin\phi\cos\phi\omega_{R}\ d\phi.$|undefined

The first summand is equal to $$\tfrac{1}{c^{2}}qU$$; the second one gives the surplus of the energy emanating from the basis surface over the inflowing energy, it is thus connected with the pressure work $$pq$$, by which we come to equation (10) again.

A resting system in mechanical and thermal equilibrium is given, i.e. in which all bodies have the same pressure and the same temperature. If this system is adiabatically set into motion (each body adiabatically for itself), then pressure and temperature of every single body is changing, namely in different measure for every single body as we must assume from the outset. Thus the equilibrium is disturbed; if it is restored again, then the individual bodies must change their volumes. If these volume changes are different for different bodies, then they are principally observable. However, if the mechanical and thermal equilibrium is restored again by the change of dimensions of all bodies in the same way, then an influence of the common translatory motion is not observable.

This is indeed the case; first it can be shown that the pressure of a body remain unchanged when $$\beta$$ is adiabatically changed by $$d\beta$$ and $$v$$ by $$-v\tfrac{\beta d\beta}{1-\beta^{2}}$$ at the same time. Thus it must be


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 when

(the latter relation generally holds for adiabatic state changes, according to (7)).

We notice that according to (10) and (2)

$\begin{array}{rl} H= & U-\beta\phi=U-q\mathfrak{G}=U-\beta^{2}(pv+U)\\ = & U(1-\beta^{2})-\beta^{2}pv\end{array}$

If we also insert for $$U$$ its value from (5), then it is given

$H=(1-\beta^{2})H-(1-\beta^{2})\beta\frac{\partial H}{\partial\beta}-\beta^{2}pv$

or

Then it is

If we insert this value into (11) and consider (12), then we see that indeed $$dp=0$$.

The simultaneous change of $$T$$ is:


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 Namely, it is according to (8):

However, it is now

$T_{0}\frac{\partial p}{\partial U_{0}}=T_{0}\left(\frac{\partial p_{0}}{\partial U_{0}}\frac{\partial H}{\partial U_{0}}+p_{0}\frac{\partial^{2}H}{\partial U_{0}^{2}}-\frac{\partial^{2}H}{\partial U_{0}\partial v}\right).$|undefined

If we insert herein

$T_{0}\frac{\partial p_{0}}{\partial U_{0}}=p_{0}\frac{\partial T_{0}}{\partial U_{0}}-\frac{\partial T_{0}}{\partial v},$|undefined

a relation known as following from the thermodynamics of resting bodies, then it becomes:

Thus

$\frac{\partial T}{\partial\beta}=-\frac{\beta}{1-\beta^{2}}\cdot T-\frac{\beta}{1-\beta^{2}}v\left(p_{0}\frac{\partial T}{\partial U_{0}}-\frac{\partial T}{\partial v}\right)$|undefined

and

$dT=-\frac{\beta d\beta}{1-\beta^{2}}T.$|undefined

The change of temperature is thus the same for all bodies.

This expression as well as the expression for $$dv$$ (12) can be immediately integrated. Then we obtain:


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 Thus we come to the result:

When the volume decreases with velocity according to the previous law, i.e. when the dimensions of matter are contracting in the direction of motion in the ratio

$\sqrt{1-\beta^{2}}$,|undefined

then the pressure of every body remains unchanged at adiabatic change of velocity, while the temperature of all bodies decreases in the same measure. Then, no influence of a common translatory motion is observable.

This is in agreement with the contraction hypothesis of, as well as with the theorems derived by from the so called relativity principle.

While assumes the validity of the relativity principle from the outset, we arrived to a certain extent at a proof of the contraction hypothesis, by postulating the theorem that a common translatory motion is not observable for a co-moving observer; or additionally by demonstrating that a volume change must arise in the previously given way at constant pressure.


text: Index:Zur Thermodynamik bewegter Systeme (Fortsetzung).djvu


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 (Presented in the session of February 6, 1908.)

7. Calculation of quantity H.

In order to express $$H$$ by the variables $$U_{0}, v, \beta$$, we insert the value for $$p$$ from (6) into (13) and obtain

This partial differential equation assumes a simpler form, when the quantities $$\beta, v, S_{0}$$ are chosen instead of $$\beta, v, U_{0}$$ as independent variables. Namely, $$S_0$$ shall be the value of entropy again, when the system is adiabatically brought to rest; of course $$S = S_{0}$$. Thus we think of $$U_0$$ as being expressed by entropy and volume; if for example

$U_{0} = F(S_{0}, v)\,$.

Then it is:

$\frac{\partial}{\partial v}-p_{0}\frac{\partial}{\partial U_{0}}=\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial v}\right)_{S_{0}}$,|undefined

because according to (7), $$U_0$$ is changed by $$-p_{0}dv$$ at adiabatic volume change. If we furthermore introduce the variable

$\varkappa=\sqrt{1-\beta^{2}}$|undefined

instead of $$\beta$$,


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 then (15) becomes

$-\beta\varkappa\frac{\partial H}{\partial\varkappa}+\beta H-\beta v\left(\frac{\partial H}{\partial v}\right)_{S_{0}}=0,$|undefined

or when $$\beta$$ is different from zero:

$\varkappa\frac{\partial}{\partial\varkappa}\left(\frac{H}{\varkappa}\right)+v\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial v}\right)_{S_{0}}\left(\frac{H}{\varkappa}\right)=0.$|undefined

It follows from this equation, that $$H/\varkappa$$ must be a function of $$v/\varkappa$$, which of course must also depend on $$S_0$$. Furthermore, $$H$$ must be identical with $$U_0$$ for $$\beta = 0,\ \varkappa = 1$$. We satisfy these requirements when we put

$\frac{H}{\varkappa}=F\left(S_{0},\frac{v}{\varkappa}\right)$.

$$F\left(S_{0},\tfrac{v}{\varkappa}\right)$$ is evidently the energy amount of the resting system, when it is adiabatically expanded from $$v$$ to $$v/\varkappa$$; if we denote this energy value with $$U'_{0}$$, then

$H=\sqrt{1-\beta^{2}}\cdot U'_{0}.$|undefined

Now, if we assume in accordance with 's hypothesis, that the velocity change is accompanied with a volume change proportional to $$\sqrt{1-\beta^{2}}$$, then $$U'_{0}$$ is the energy of the resting body; then we remove the prime and thus put:

8. Summary of results.

With the aid of equations (2) and (10), momentum and total energy ($$U$$) can be expressed by the state variables of the resting system. (We have to consider here, that equations (1), (3), (4) and (5) may not be applied now; they only hold for velocity changes at constant volume.)


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 We obtain

$U=H+\beta\phi=\sqrt{1-\beta^{2}}\,U_{0}+\beta^{2}(U+pv),$|undefined

from which it is given under consideration of the first equation (14):

Finally, the momentum is according to (10):

If we summarize everything, we come to the result:

If a body whose state at rest is given by the variables $$v_{0}, U_{0}, p_{0}, T_{0}, S_{0}$$, is adiabatically brought to velocity $$\beta c$$, then the state variables assume the value:

These equations are in agreement with the results of the paper of. Besides thermodynamics, used the relativity principle, while stating equation (10) for momentum is essential in our work.


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9. Application to cavity radiation.

We base our calculation on the relative ray path. We consider radiation that encloses angles between $$\phi$$ and $$\phi+d\phi$$ with the direction of motion; it carries – in unit volume through the unit surface of a perpendicular (co-moving) plane – the energy amount:

$2\pi J\ \sin\phi\ \cos\phi\ d\phi.$

We call $$J$$ the intensity of the total (relative) radiation. If this radiation is incident upon an absorbing surface, it performs the pressure work:

$q\cdot\frac{2\pi J\sin\phi\cos\phi\ d\phi}{c}\cdot \cos\varphi=2\pi J\sin\phi\cos\phi\ d\phi\ \beta\cos\varphi,$

where $$\varphi$$ is the angle between the absolute radiation direction and the direction of motion. The difference:

$2\pi J\ \sin\phi\ \cos\phi\ d\phi(1-\beta\ \cos\varphi) = 2\pi i\ \sin\phi\ \cos\phi\ d\phi$

we call the true (relative) radiation. The true radiation intensity

is crucial for the heat transport between bodies of equal velocity.

We employ the standpoint of 's contraction hypothesis and introduce the angle $$\phi'$$ by the equation


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 Then instead of $$\phi$$, $$\phi'$$ is the angle read by a co-moving observer at a transporter, whose dimensions are contracted in the direction of motion in the ratio $$1 : \varkappa$$. If we set

$i\ \sin\phi\ \cos\phi\ d\phi = i'\ \sin\phi'\ \cos\phi'\ d\phi',$

then $$i'$$ is the true radiation intensity observed by the co-moving observer, whose measuring rods have experienced the mentioned contraction.

The quantity $$i'$$ must be constant, i.e. independent of angle $$\phi'$$, i.e. the true radiation is uniformly distributed into all directions in the contracted system; it obeys 's $$\cos$$-law. Then two arbitrary oriented, equally moving surface elements are radiating the same amount of heat to each other. A mirror brought into a cavity doesn't change the distribution of radiation, since the ordinary reflection laws hold for the relative ray path in the contracted system. (This was shown in the most general way by and can be directly proven in this case.)

From (20) it easily follows:

$\sin\phi'\cos\phi'\ d\phi'=\sin\phi\cos\phi\ d\phi\frac{\varkappa^{2}}{(1-\beta^{2}\sin^{2}\phi)^{2}},$|undefined

thus it is:


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 The energy content of the cavity is:

$U=2\pi v\int_{0}^{\pi}\frac{J\sin\phi\ d\phi}{c'},$

where $$c'$$ means the relative velocity:

$c'=c\left(-\beta\cos\phi+\sqrt{1-\beta^{2}\sin^{2}\phi}\right).$

If we set in the previous integral according to (19):

$J = i + J\beta\ \cos\varphi,$

then it becomes:

$U=2\pi v\int_{0}^{\pi}\frac{i\ \sin\phi\ d\phi}{c'}+2\pi v\beta\int_{0}^{\pi}\frac{J\cos\phi\ \sin\phi\ d\phi}{c'}.$

The second summand is equal to:

$q\cdot\frac{2\pi v}{c^{2}}\int_{0}^{\pi}\frac{J}{c'}\cdot c\ \cos\varphi\cdot\sin\phi\ d\phi=q\mathfrak{G},$|undefined

as one can most simply recognize by comparison with the penultimate equation of p. 11 of my first report. In consequence of (2) it is therefore:

$H=2\pi v\int_{0}^{\pi}\frac{i\ \sin\phi\ d\phi}{c'}.$

The quantity $$H$$ is thus identical with the energy of the true radiation, which was indeed to be expected. If we introduce $$i'$$ and $$\phi'$$ by means of (20) and (21), then


text:
Page:Zur Thermodynamik bewegter Systeme (Fortsetzung).djvu/7

 $\begin{array}{rl} H & =\frac{2\pi vi'}{c\varkappa^{2}}\int_{0}^{\pi}\sin\phi'd\phi'(1+\beta\ \cos\ \phi')\\ \\ & =\frac{4\pi v}{\varkappa^{2}}\cdot\frac{i'}{c}.\end{array}$|undefined

However, according to (16) it is:

$H=\sqrt{1-\beta^{2}}\cdot U_{0}=\varkappa\cdot\frac{4\pi v_{0}}{c}i_{0},$|undefined

where $$i_0$$ is the radiation intensity in the resting cavity. Thus it must be

$\varkappa v_{0}i_{0}=\frac{1}{\varkappa^{2}}vi'$;|undefined

or, since $$v = \varkappa v_{0}$$:

$i' = \varkappa^{2}i_{0}.$

This is in agreement with the generally valid theorems of the theory of.

If we set in accordance with the law

$i_{0} = \sigma T_{0}^4,$

then it follows (see. (14)):

$i'=\varkappa^{2}\sigma T_{0}^{4}=\frac{\sigma}{\varkappa^{2}}T^{4}.$|undefined

The constant of the law is thus to be divided by $$\varkappa^{2}$$.

The energy density of the true radiation is:

$\frac{H}{v}=\frac{4\pi}{c}\cdot\frac{i'}{\varkappa^{2}}=\frac{4\pi}{c}i_{0};$|undefined

thus it has the same value as in the resting cavity.

The total energy follows from (17): it has the value:

$U=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\beta^{2}}}\left(1+\frac{1}{3}\beta^{2}\right)U_{0}=\frac{4\pi v_{0}i_{0}}{c}\cdot\frac{1+\frac{1}{3}\beta^{2}}{\sqrt{1-\beta^{2}}}.$|undefined


text:
Page:Zur Thermodynamik bewegter Systeme (Fortsetzung).djvu/8

 In earlier papers – already cited multiple times – I have tried to calculate the energy content and apparent mass of a moving cavity. There I assumed isotropic distribution (in all directions) of true radiation. A contradiction with the second thermodynamic main-theorem arising at that occasion, could be solved by two different hypotheses. Either by the assumption of a change of the emission capability of the black body, or by the hypothesis of a change of the dimensions of matter due to motion. I have confined myself to the study of the latter hypothesis, though I have explicitly emphasized the possibility of the first assumption. The isotropy of the distribution of true radiation was assumed by me, so that the mutual radiation of two elements is equal. If one employs 's contraction hypothesis, as it was done by me, then this assumption must of course be modified, so that the isotropy of the true radiation is related to the contracted system. This modification was indicated by me, though I have confined myself to note, that the term of the apparent mass which is independent of velocity is not affected by this. The reason for this was, that a way of calculating the emission capability of the black body as a function of velocity was unknown to me at this time, thus I had to confine myself to the first term of the corresponding expansions. Since then, this gap was filled by the work of. By that and the fortunate thought of this author, to assume a change of temperature with velocity, it became possible to definitely determine the processes in a moving cavity. Based on the concept of true radiation, I did this in § 9 of the present paper; then one comes to the same result as.


text:
Page:Zur Thermodynamik bewegter Systeme (Fortsetzung).djvu/9

 The deprecatory criticism of my earlier work by is thus not justified. I have used the opportunity to discuss this in more detail, since my first reply remained unconsidered in the new publication of the paper of.

In any case, the concept of a mass depending on inner radiation and thus on temperature was first stated in my earlier papers, and also the term of the mass which is independent of velocity was calculated for the cavity. Thus it is incomprehensible to me, why – who discussed those things in detail in the introduction of his last publication – doesn't mention my papers at all.


text: Translation:On the Thermodynamics of Moving Systems


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Butts, William


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buxhull, Alan


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buxton, Charles


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buxton, Jedidiah


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buxton, Richard


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Parker, Samuel (clergyman)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byam, Henry


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byer, Nicholas


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byerley, Thomas


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byers, James


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byfield, John


text:
Page:UNITED NATIONS MEMBER STATES.djvu/1

 3 July 2006

Department of Public Information • News and Media Division • New York

These are the 192 Member States of the United Nations with dates on which they joined the Organization, following the admission Montenegro on 28 June 2006:


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Parker, Theodore


text: Page:COL. EDWARD O. GOURDIN - COMMANDING OFFICER 372nd INFANTRY - NARA - 535682.jpg


text:
Page:UNITED NATIONS MEMBER STATES.djvu/2

{| border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 !|                 !|
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina ||| 22 May 1992
 * Botswana||| 17 October 1966
 * Brazil||| 24 October 1945
 * Brunei Darussalam||| 21 September 1984
 * Bulgaria||| 14 December 1955
 * Burkina Faso||| 20 September 1960
 * Burundi||| 18 September 1962
 * Cambodia||| 14 December 1955
 * Cameroon||| 20 September 1960
 * Canada||| 9 November 1945
 * Cape Verde||| 16 September 1975
 * Central African Republic||| 20 September 1960
 * Chad||| 20 September 1960
 * Chile||| 24 October 1945
 * China||| 24 October 1945
 * Colombia||| 5 November 1945
 * Comoros||| 12 November 1975
 * Congo (Republic of the)||| 20 September 1960
 * Costa Rica||| 2 November 1945
 * Côte d’Ivoire||| 20 September 1960
 * Croatia ||| 22 May 1992
 * Cuba||| 24 October 1945
 * Cyprus||| 20 September 1960
 * Czech Republic ||| 19 January 1993
 * Democratic People’s Republic of Korea||| 17 September 1991
 * Democratic Republic of the Congo ||| 20 September 1960
 * Denmark||| 24 October 1945
 * Djibouti||| 20 September 1977
 * Dominica||| 18 December 1978
 * Dominican Republic||| 24 October 1945
 * Ecuador||| 21 December 1945
 * Egypt ||| 24 October 1945
 * El Salvador||| 24 October 1945
 * Equatorial Guinea||| 12 November 1968
 * Eritrea||| 28 May 1993
 * Estonia||| 17 September 1991
 * }
 * Costa Rica||| 2 November 1945
 * Côte d’Ivoire||| 20 September 1960
 * Croatia ||| 22 May 1992
 * Cuba||| 24 October 1945
 * Cyprus||| 20 September 1960
 * Czech Republic ||| 19 January 1993
 * Democratic People’s Republic of Korea||| 17 September 1991
 * Democratic Republic of the Congo ||| 20 September 1960
 * Denmark||| 24 October 1945
 * Djibouti||| 20 September 1977
 * Dominica||| 18 December 1978
 * Dominican Republic||| 24 October 1945
 * Ecuador||| 21 December 1945
 * Egypt ||| 24 October 1945
 * El Salvador||| 24 October 1945
 * Equatorial Guinea||| 12 November 1968
 * Eritrea||| 28 May 1993
 * Estonia||| 17 September 1991
 * }
 * Djibouti||| 20 September 1977
 * Dominica||| 18 December 1978
 * Dominican Republic||| 24 October 1945
 * Ecuador||| 21 December 1945
 * Egypt ||| 24 October 1945
 * El Salvador||| 24 October 1945
 * Equatorial Guinea||| 12 November 1968
 * Eritrea||| 28 May 1993
 * Estonia||| 17 September 1991
 * }
 * El Salvador||| 24 October 1945
 * Equatorial Guinea||| 12 November 1968
 * Eritrea||| 28 May 1993
 * Estonia||| 17 September 1991
 * }
 * Estonia||| 17 September 1991
 * }
 * }


text:
Page:A Life of Matthew Fontaine Maury.pdf/23

Rh "It was about this time," he says, "that my first ambition to become a mathematician was excited by an old cobbler, Neal by name, who lived not far from my father's house, and who used to send the shoes home to his customers with the soles all scratched over with little x's and y's."

After obtaining such elementary instruction as the "old field" schools of that period and region afforded, young Maury entered Harpeth Academy, subsequently under the charge of Rev. J. H. Otey (afterwards Bishop of Tennessee), assisted by William C. Hasbrouck, a member of the Huguenot families of Newberg, New York, who subsequently became a distinguished lawyer of New York.

The quick active mind, and studious habits of the youth soon attracted the notice and secured the regard of his instructors; and so long as the good bishop and the eminent barrister lived, there existed between both and their former pupil the warmest friendship.


text:
Page:A Life of Matthew Fontaine Maury.pdf/24

10

, Matthew's eldest brother, entered the Navy of the United States as midshipman when thirteen years old, and became one of the most distinguished young officers of his time. His whole professional career was one of active service and romantic adventure.

Just before the last war between the United States and England, John Maury procured a furlough, and went as first officer of a merchant ship, which had been chartered by Captain William Lewis of the United States Navy, who commanded her. They sailed on a trading voyage to China. Arriving at the Island of Nukahiva, one of the Marquesas group, Captain Lewis left Maury and six men there to procure sandalwood and other articles of trade, for which the ship would touch on her return from China. The war with England broke out. English ships blockaded the American ships in the Chinese ports, and no relief came to Lieutenant John Maury and his men for two years. It had, meantime, gone hard with them.

There were two tribes on that island hostile to each other, a volcanic ridge dividing them. The king of the tribe with whom the Americans made their home was friendly and true