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10, not the of  come down from Heaven; that the wisdom of the Almighty dwelt in Him as it had dwelt in former Prophets, only in more abundant measure. In short, he held the same doctrine as those who now call themselves Unitarians. And there is good reason to think, that he was favoured and protected by the ruling power in the state. Zenobia, who at that time exercised imperial sway in Syria with the title of Queen of the East, was strongly addicted to a kind of deistical Judaism, the same in substance with his Unitarian opinions. These few particulars may give some idea of the peril in which the orthodox faith and the true Church lay then at Antioch. But even under the most untoward circumstances, the Bishops of the neighbouring sees assembled; and their interference, by the blessing of, was effectual in preserving their charge from apostasy. It is worth observing how well their proceedings answer to the line marked out in such cases by our himself, in His charter of Church censures. First, they send Paul a brotherly expostulation, telling him his fault between them and him alone. The first sentence of this letter is much to be noticed, not only for its calm and gentle tone, but also, for its very distinct reference to the succession of doctrine from the Apostles as a test of truth. "Health in :—We have just now, by discourse with each other, satisfied ourselves of our mutual faith. Now that every one's mind may be clearly disclosed, and all disputed questions more completely set at rest, we have thought good hereby to set forth in writing the faith which we have received from the beginning, and hold fast, handed down as it is and safely guarded in the Catholic and holy Church, preached even to this day, through succession by the blessed Apostles, those who were even eye-witnesses and ministers of the word; this faith we have decreed to set forth out of the Law and the Prophets, and the New Testament." Then having gone through a large body of Scripture evidence for the most High Godhead of our and, they conclude:—"These things, a few out of very many, we have set down, desiring to know whether you think and teach as we do, and requesting you to signify to us your approbation or disapprobation of what we have written." This epistle was followed up by various conferences: but Paul yet refusing to be reclaimed, the Bishops of Syria went on to act upon the remaining part of our enactment in such cases: they assembled, to the

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Rh of seventy or eighty, and called on him to "hear the Church:" which, when he refused, they formally deposed him, and separated him from the body of Christian people, pronouncing on him the following sentence:—"Him, thus setting himself against, and refusing to give way, we have been compelled to excommunicate, and in his room to set another as Bishop over this Catholic Church; by the providence of , as we believe." This they made known to the Bishops of Rome and Alexandria, and all the world over, that they, acquiescing in the sentence pronounced, might lose no time in writing to the new Bishop of Antioch letters of communion and acknowledgment, as the manner of the churches then was; directing their letter, "To the Bishops of Rome and Alexandria, and all our fellow servants throughout the world, whether Bishops, Priests, or Deacons, and to the whole Catholic Church under Heaven." By the co-operation of those distant Bishops, the sentence was finally and effectually confirmed: the Church of Antioch delivered from her unfaithful shepherd, and the verity of our Divine Nature passed on, as a precious deposit, to other councils and other times.

These few brief examples,—not, it will be observed, standing apart, but taken as what they truly are, specimens of a great and general system, continually in action throughout the Christian world;—these few examples may serve to show how close a connexion naturally subsists between sound doctrine and apostolical succession in the ministry. We have seen that the one, in those primitive ages, was constantly appealed to as no slight guarantee for the other. It could not well be otherwise, as long as the successors of the Apostles did their duty, originally in ordaining none but orthodox men, and afterwards in watching and censuring (if need were) the most exalted even of their own colleagues, on sufficient proof of defection on their part.

Two facts are quite indisputable: the first, that in those ages the Bishops and Pastors were considered as the chosen apostolical guardians of the true faith; the other, that they really acted as such. Does not the conclusion irresistibly follow, that such Providence intended them to be? And can any one, knowing these circumstances, read the peculiarly significant promises at sundry times addressed by our to His Apostles, and not perceive in the Episcopal succession the appropriate fulfilment of those promises? For instance, "I have chosen you, and ordained you, that you should go and bring forth fruit, and that your fruit

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12 should remain." "I am with you always, even unto the end of the world." "Upon this Rock I will build my Church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it."

We have then from Scripture, the consolation of believing, that as long as we reverence and uphold the Apostolical ministry, we are in our line and measure "labouring together" with God himself. We are so far doing our humble part in that system which the all-wise Redeemer has ordained to be the human, visible, secondary instrument of guarding and propagating those truths, on which our communion with Him depends.

This will be seen yet more clearly, on proceeding to examine the doctrinal results, such as they appear on the whole in those Churches, which from error or necessity have parted with the Apostolical succession. This must be attempted on some future occasion.

For the present, reverting to that ineffable mystery, from which on this day especially all our devout thoughts should begin, and in which they should end, I would only ask one question. What will be the feelings of a Christian, particularly of a Christian pastor, should he find hereafter that in slighting or discouraging Apostolical claims and views, (be the temptation what it may) he has really been helping the evil spirit to unsettle men's faith in ?

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text:
Author:Daniel Wilson (1816-1892)

Works

 * Memorials of Edinburgh in the Olden Time 1875,
 * Oliver Cromwell and the Protectorate, 1848
 * The archaeology and prehistoric annals of Scotland, 1851
 * Spring wild flowers, 1853
 * Pipes and tobacco, 1857
 * The quigrich, or, Crozier of Saint Fillan, 1859
 * Address delivered before the alumni of the University of Victoria College, May 22nd, 1861 (short work)
 * Prehistoric man; researches into the origin of civilization in the Old and the New world, 1862 external scan]
 * Prehistoric annals of Scotland, 1863
 * Illustrations of the significance of certain ancient British skull forms, 1863 (small work)
 * Historical footprints in America, 1864 (small work)
 * Chatterton, 1869
 * Bachelors' buttons! (short poem) 1872
 * Three generations, 1872
 * Anne Hathaway, 1872 (short work)
 * Toronto of old, 1872 (short work)
 * Caliban; the missing link, 1873
 * Alexander Gordon, the antiquary, 1873 (short work)
 * Wolfe and old Quebec, 1875 (short work)
 * Brain-weight and size in relation to relative capacity of races, 1876
 * Reminiscences of old Edinburgh, 1878
 * Legitimate lines of anthropological research, 1878 (short work)
 * Some American illustrations of the evolution of new varieties of man, 1879 (short work)
 * An ancient haunt of the cervus megaceros or great Irish deer, 1879 (short work)
 * Cosmopolitan time and a prime meridian common to all nations, 1880
 * On the practical uses of science in the daily business of life, 1881
 * Pre-Aryan American man, 1883
 * Coeducation, 1884
 * The Huron-Iroquois of Canada, 1884
 * Anthropology and archaeology, 1885
 * A History of the Puritans and Pilgrim Fathers: The Puritans in England, 1888
 * William Nelson, 1889
 * The Vinland of the Northmen, 1890
 * The right hand: left-handedness, 1891
 * The lost Atlantis, and other ethnographic studies, 1892

Works about Wilson

 * The late Sir Daniel Wilson, LL.D. by George Stewart, 1848-1906 (1893)
 * In Memoriam—Sir Daniel Wilson (died, 6th August, 1892) by William Kingsford, 1819-1898 (1892)

title: Author:Daniel Wilson (1816-1892)


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Rh

wind swelled our sails, and the current carried us rapidly into the open sea. I then seated myself at the helm, and employed the little knowledge I had gained during our voyage from Europe in directing our bark, so that we might avoid the rocks and coral banks that surrounded our island. My two eldest sons, overcome with fatigue, had no sooner seated themselves on a bench, than they fell into a profound sleep, notwithstanding their sorrows. Jack held out the best; his love of the sea kept him awake, and I surrendered the helm to him till I took a momentary slumber, my head resting against the stern. A happy dream placed me in the midst of my family in our dear island; but a shout from Ernest awoke me, he was calling on Jack to leave the helm, as he was contriving to run the vessel among the breakers on the coast. I seized the helm, and soon set all right, determined not to trust my giddy son again.

Jack, of all my sons, was the one who evinced most taste for the sea; but being so young when we made our voyage, his knowledge of nautical affairs was very scanty. My elder sons had learnt more. Ernest, who had a great thirst for knowledge of every kind, had questioned the pilot on all he had seen him do. He had learned a great deal in theory, but of practical knowledge he had none. The mechanical genius of Fritz had drawn conclusions from what he saw; this would have induced me to place much trust in him in case of


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304 that danger which I prayed Heaven might be averted. What a situation was mine for a father! Wandering through unknown and dangerous seas with my three sons, my only hope, in search of a fourth, and of my beloved helpmate; utterly ignoraut which way we should direct our course, or where to find a trace of those we sought. How often do we allay the happiness granted us below by vain wishes! I had at one time regretted that we had no means of leaving our island; now we had left it, and our sole wish was to recover those we had lost, to bring them back to it, and never to leave it more. I sometimes regretted that I had led my sons into this danger. I might have ventttred alone; but I reflected that I could not have left them, for Fritz had said, "If the savages had carded off the pinnace, I would have swum from isle to isle till I had found them." My boys all endeavoured to encourage and console me. Fritz placed himself at the rudder, observing that the pinnace was new and well built, and likely to resist a tempest. Ernest stood on the deck silently watching the stars, only breaking his silent by telling me he should be able by them to supply the want of the compass, and point out how we should direct our course. Jack climbed dexterously up the mast to let me see his skill; we called him the cabin-boy, Fritz vas the pilot, Ernest the astronomer, and I was the captain and commander of the expedition. Daybreak showed us we had passed far front our island, which now only appeared a dark speck. I, as well as Fritz and Jack, was of opinion that it would be advisable to go round it, and try our fortune on the opposite coast; but


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Rh Ernest, who had not forgotten his telescope, was certain he saw land in a direction he pointed out to us. We took the glass, and were soon convinced he was right. As day advanced, we saw the land plainly, and did not hesitate to sail towards it.

As this appeared the land nearest to our island, we supposed the savages might have conveyed their captives there. But more trials awaited us before we arrived there. It being necessary to shift the sail, in order to reach the coast in view, my poor cabin-boy, Jack, ran up the mast, holding by the ropes; but before he reached the sail, the rope which he held broke suddenly; he was precipitated into the sea, and disappeared in a moment; but he soon rose to the surface, trying to swim, and mingling his cries with ours. Fritz, who was the first to see the accident, was in the water almost as soon as Jack, and seizing him by the hair, swam with the other hand, calling on him to try and keep afloat, and hold by him. When I saw my two sons thus struggling with the waves, that were very strong from a land wind, I should, in my despair, have leaped in after them; but Ernest held me, and implored me to remain to assist in getting them into the pinnace. He had thrown ropes to them, and a bench which he had torn up with the strength of despair. Fritz had contrived to catch one of the ropes and fasten it round Jack, who still swam, but feebly, as if nearly exhausted. Fritz had been considered an excellent swimmer in Switzerland; he preserved all his presence of mind, calling to us to draw the rope gently, while he supported the poor boy, and pushed him towards the pinnace. At last I was


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HEN the vase is round or oval, form an imaginary square in it as shown in the figure and draw out the branches from the upper two angles; that is, the branches are placed as always in the center of the vase, but their upper ends are bent back towards the corners.

If the vase is square, hexagonal, or octagonal, place one of the angles in front and draw out the branches from the sides, not [171]


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 from the angles. But if the vase is a low square or parallelogram, one of the sides comes to the front and the branches are drawn from the angles.

If the vase is a foot high, the flower in it should be a foot and a half high, or once and a half the height of the vase. The height of a flower is measured from the top of Heaven to the water.

In low, flat vases the diameter is taken and the height of the highest flower must be once and a half the diameter.

In flower vases placed on a stand measure the height of the vase, including the stand, and, as in other cases, make the flowers once and a half the height. [172]


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306 able to reach and draw him up; and when I saw him extended, nearly lifeless, at the bottom of the pinnace, I fell down senseless beside him. How precious to us now was the composed mind of Ernest! In the midst of such a scene, he was calm and collected; promptly disengaging the rope from the body of Jack, he flung it back to Fritz, to help him in reaching the pinnace, attaching the other end firmly to the mast. This done, quicker than I can write it, he approached us, raised his brother so that he might relieve himself from the quantity of water he had swallowed; then turning to me, restored me to my senses by administering to me some drops of rum, and by saying, "Courage, father! you have saved Jack, and I will save Fritz. He has hold of the rope; he is swimming strongly; he is coming; he is here!"

He left me to assist his brother, who was soon in the vessel, and in my arms. Jack, perfectly recovered, joined him; and fervently did I thank God for granting me, in the midst of my trials, such a moment of happiness. We could not help faneying this happy preservation was an augury of our success in our anxious search, and that should bring back the lost ones to our island.

"Oh, how terrified mamma would have been," said Jack, "to see me sink!! thought I was going, like a stone, to the bottom of the sea; but I pushed out my arms and le with all my strength, and up I rose."

He as well as Fritz was quite wet. I had by chance brought some changes of clothes, which I made them put on, after giving each a little rum. They were so much fatigued, and I was so


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N Japan flowers which bloom in their proper season are the most highly esteemed and are considered the most suitable for gifts. When flowers blooming in season are arranged with flowers which have been forced into bloom in advance of or kept after their usual time of blossom, the seasonable flowers will always take the highest positions. Heaven and Man will be made of the seasonable flowers, and only Earth may be of those blooming out of their time.

Flowers blooming out of season would never be chosen for a present by a Japanese nor used as decorations for an entertainment. In fact a Japanese never attaches any value to flowers or fruit forced out of their proper season; strawberries in January [173]


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Rh by my agitation, that we were obliged to relinquish rowing, most unwillingly, as the skies threatened a storm. We gradually began to distinguish clcarly the island we wished to approach; and the land-birds, which came to rest on our sails, gave us hopes that we should reach it before,ight; but, suddenly, such a thick fog arose, that it hid every object from us, even the sea itself, and we deemed to be sailing among the clouds. I thought it prudent to drop our anchor, as, fortunately, we had a tolerably strong one; but there appeared so little water, that I feared we were near the breakers, and I watched anxiously for the fog to dissipate, and permit us to see the coast. It finally changed into a heavy rain, which we could with difficulty protect ourselves from; there was, however, a half-deck to the pinnace, under which we crept, and sheltered ourselves. Here, crowded dose together, we talked over the late accident. Fritz assured me he was never in any danger, and that he would plunge again into the sea that moment, if he had the least hope that it would lead him to find his mother and Francis. We all said the same; though Jack confessed that his friends, the waves, had not received his visit very politely, but had even beat him very rudely.

"But I would bear twice as much," said he, "to see mamma and dear Francis again. Do you think, papa, that the savages could ever hurt them? Mamma is so good, and l'ancis is so pretty! and then, poor mamma is so lame yet; I hope they would pity her, and carry her."

Alas! I could not hope as my boy did; I feared that they would force her to walk. I tried to conceal other horrible fears, that almost threw me


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308 into despair. I recalled all the cruelties of the cannibal nations, and shuddered to think that my Elizabeth and my darling child were perhaps in their ferocious hands. Prayer and confidence in God were the only means, not to console, but to support me, and teach me to endure my heavy affliction with resignation. I looked on my three sons, and enaeavoured, for their sakes, to hope and submit. The darkness rapidly increased, till it became total; we concluded it was night. The rain having ceased, I went out to strike a light, as I wished to hang the lighted lantern to the mast, when Ernest, who was on deck, called out loudly, "Father! brothers! come! the sea is on fire!" And, indeed, as far as the eye could reach, the surface of the water appeared in flames; this light, of the most brilliant, fiery red, reached even to the vessd, and we were surrounded by it. It was a sight at once beautiful, and almost terrific. Jack seriously inquired, if there was not a volcano at the bottom of the sea; and I astonished him much by telling him, that this light was caused by a kind of marine animals which in form resembled plants so much, that they were formerly considered such; but naturalists and moderu voyagers have entirely destroyed this error, and furnished proofs that they are organized beings, having all the spontaneous movements peculiar to animals. They feel when they are touched, seek for food, seize and devour it; they are of various kinds and colours, and are known under the general name of zoophytes.

"And this which glitters in such beautiful colours on the sea, is called pryrosoma," said Ernest. "See, here are some I have caught in my hat;


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Rh you may see them move. How they change colour—orange, green, blue, like the rainbow; and when yon touch them, the flame appears still more brilliant; now they are pale yellow."

They amused themselves some time with these bright and beautiful creatures, which appear to have but a half-life. They occupied a large space on the water, and their astonishing radiance, in the midst of the darkness of the atmosphere, had such a striking and magnificent effect, that for a few moments we were diverted from our own sad thoughts; but an observation from Jack soon recalled them.

"If Francis passed this way," said he, "how he would be amused with these funny creatures, which look like fire, but do not burn; but I know he would be afraid to touch them; and how much afraid mamma would be, as she likes no animals she does not know. Ah! how glad I shall be to tell her all about our voyage, and my excursion into the sea, and how Fritz dragged me by the hair, and what they call these fiery fishes; tell me again, Earnest; py—py—"

"Pyrosoma, Mr. Peron calls them," said Ernest. "The description of them is very interesting in his voyage, which I have read to mamma; and,as she would recollect it, she would not be afraid."

"I pray to God," replied I, "that she may have nothing more to fear than the pyrosoma, and that we may soon see them again, with her and Francis."

We all said Amen; and, the day breaking, we decided to weigh the anchor, and endeavour to find a passage through the reefs to reach the island, which we now distinctly saw, and which seemed an uncultivated and rocky coast. I


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310  my place at the helm, my sons took the oars, and we advanced cautiously, sounding every minute. What would have become of us if our pinnace had been injured! The sea was perfectly calm, and, after prayer to God, and a slight refreshment, we proceeded forward, looking carefully round for any canoe of the savages—it might be, even our own; but no! we were not fortunate enough to discover any trace of our beloved friends, nor any symptom of the isle being inhabited; however, as it was our only point of hope, we did not wish to abandon it. By dint of searching, we found a small bay, which reminded us of our own. It was formed by a river, broad and deep enough for our pinnace to enter. We rowed in; and having placed our vessel in a creek, where it appeared to be secure, we began to consider the means of exploring the whole island.

not disembark on this unknown shore without great emotion: it might be inhabited by a barbarous and cruel race, and I almost doubted the prudence of thus risking my three remaining children in the hazardous and uncertain search after our dear lost ones. I think I could have borne my bereavement with Christian resignation, if I had seen my wife and child die in my arms; I should then have been certain they were happy in the bosom of their God; but to think of them in the power of ferocious and idolatrous savages,


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text: The Swiss Family Robinson - 1851/Chapter XLVIII


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 "Upon Musashino prairie I lie with a pillow of grass, and I see a little wild pink, but—it looks higher than Fuji."

In arranging flowers in a three-sectioned vase the idea is this: the flowers placed in the highest section should be plants which would grow on a mountain top; in the next section upland-growing plants, and in the lowest place, valley or water-growing plants, for the last section represents also sea or lake level. Thus plants of all altitudes can be brought together in one vase. This order may be changed, but the three-sectioned vase was originated to carry out this idea. Trees are sometimes placed in the highest division, as trees do grow on mountain tops.

In a vase of two divisions like the one illustrated, only the lower opening is used. The upper place is very shallow and when filled with water is left without flowers and is supposed to represent the reflected moon. [180]


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HE best form in flower arrangement is to have both flowers and leaves; but there are flowers which may be arranged alone. These are the flowers on which the leaves come first and go before the flower blooms. In Japan these are principally natsu suisen, or summer narcissus, and a red wild flower called shiba. Such flowers may be arranged without leaves.

In the case of the trees and shrubs which come into blossom before they leaf, as our cherry, the prominent parts of the arrangement, Heaven and Man, should be blossoms, and the leaves put in only for Earth. If it is an arrangement where attributes are used, make them of the leaves and have the [191]


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 three main principles of Heaven, Man, and Earth of the blossoms.

When a plant or tree leafs out before blossoming, then the leaves must predominate in an arrangement which should have only a few blossoms, and these placed in the unimportant places.

For arrangements of leaves only, baran—or aspidistra as we call it—is much used. It can be had at all seasons and makes one of the most perfect arrangements, as the lines can be made so distinct with its long, slender leaves. They are also easily bent with the hand.

You will see that in nearly all arrangements of aspidistra one leaf is curled up. This is supposed to contain an insect. One leaf that is wormeaten or torn is considered desirable and thought to make the arrangement more natural, as there is seldom in nature a plant without one imperfect leaf.

Working with aspidistra is excellent practise for a beginner. Its leaves, being easily [192]


text:
Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blind links

B

 * → David Barclay of Youngsbury
 * and Benson, E. W., archbishop of Canterbury → in 1st supplement
 * , English headmaster
 * , American missionary → David Brainerd
 * , Bishop of Hereford → Giles de Braose
 * , regicide, court official → Andrew Broughton
 * , Irish archbishop of Cassel, no article, see
 * , Irish archbishop of Cassel, no article, see

C

 * → Charles Somers-Cocks, 3rd Earl Somers
 * → Sir Richard Eyre Cox, 4th Baronet
 * , son of Egbert → Cuthwine of Wessex

D

 * → Patrick IV, Earl of March

E

 * , British anatomist → George Viner Ellis

F

 * → John Falconer (bishop)
 * , chieftain of Clan Forbes
 * , physician

G

 * , English traitor

H

 * , painter
 * → Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk
 * , Irish surgeon
 * → Edward Howard, 9th Duke of Norfolk
 * , Irish surgeon
 * , Irish surgeon

K

 * → Mogue Kearns
 * → William King-Noel
 * → William King-Noel

L

 * , priest, brother of Thomas Graves Law
 * , colleague of Knox
 * , British author
 * (1830-1860), British painter and army officer
 * , Royalist → John Lucas, 1st Baron Lucas of Shenfield

N

 * → William Eden Nesfield
 * → William Eden Nesfield

P

 * → Henry Pease
 * → Walter Pye
 * → Walter Pye

R

 * , attorney-general to Henry VIII

S

 * , Georgian architect
 * , 5th Duke of Buccleuch → Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch
 * , Countess of Hertford → Frances Seymour, Countess of Hertford
 * , surveyor to the ecclesiastical commissioners
 * , rear-admiral
 * , rear-admiral

T

 * student of Priestley
 * , professor of astronomy, Gresham College
 * , English dissenter

V

 * or Van Bluck, painter

W

 * , British architect → Philip Speakman Webb (not dead at time of publication)
 * → James Wilson (anatomist)
 * , courtier of James I
 * , engraver
 * , engraver
 * , engraver


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 left in over night and will in no way injure the leaf.

Aspidistra is one of the few plants arranged not entirely according to its natural growth, but the nature of its growth is improved upon—art here aiding nature.

[194]


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Page:Japanese flower arrangement.djvu/205

 [199]


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Rh outside leaf is masculine and the inside is feminine.

Leaves growing in the shade gain luster, while the sunny side becomes lusterless; then the side of the leaf in the shade with luster is in and the duller side yo. Flowers shaded by another flower or leaf are also in. This may seem merely a poetic fancy, but much common-sense is back of these apparently whimsical ideas, and one finds that the turning of the leaves to different sides gives as much freshness and variety as turning the flowers in different directions. Applying such distinctions gives expression and feeling and helps in producing the effect of a growing plant.

When a flower by its form, or a leaf by [196]


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver of Malmesbury


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver (d.1219)


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, Andrew


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, Archer James


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, George (1781-1861)


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, George (1782-1867)


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text:
Translation:Sport Doping Control Act, BE 2555 (2012)

Phra Bat Somdet Phra Paraminthra Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej is graciously pleased to proclaim that:

Whereas it is desirable to bring into existence a law on control of doping in sport;

And whereas it is aware that this Act contains certain provisions giving rise to the restriction of personal rights and freedoms which section 29 incorporating sections 32, 33, 35 and 43 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand permit to be done by virtue of the legal provisions;

Be it enacted by the King's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the National Assembly, as follows:

This Act shall be cited as the "Sport Doping Control Act, BE 2555 (2012)".

This Act shall come into force upon elapse of one hundred and twenty days from the date of its publication in the Government Gazette.

In this Act:

"Prohibited substance" means a substance which would enhance performance of the user upon its entry into his body, as designated and announced by the Minister upon advice of the Sport Doping Control Commission;

"Sports association" means an association whose incorporation is licenced under the law on the Sports Authority of Thailand;

"Sports Authority of Thailand" means the Sports Authority of Thailand under the law on the Sports Authority of Thailand;

"Sports competition" means any competitive sports program according to the classes, types or kinds designated and announced by the Sport Doping Control Commission;

"Athlete" means a person who is a member of or registered by a sports association, and includes a participant in a sports competition on behalf of a sports association or in a sports competition recognised by a sports association;

"Athletic supporter" means an executive board of a sports association, trainer, coach, agent, team staff member, relevant staff member and medical staff member working for or providing medical treatment to an athlete;

"Office" means the Sport Doping Control Office;

"Commission" means the Sport Doping Control Commission;

"Director" means the Director of the Sport Doping Control Office;

"Competent authority" means a person authorised by the Minister to execute this Act;

"Minister" means the Minister in charge of this Act.

The Minister of Tourism and Sports shall be in charge of this Act and shall be empowered to appoint the competent authorities and issue the ministerial regulations and announcements for the execution of this Act.

Those ministerial regulations and announcements shall take effect upon their publication in the Government Gazette.

There shall be a commission, called "Sport Doping Control Commission", consisting of:

(1)	 Minister of Tourism and Sports as President;

(2)	 Permanent Secretary for Tourism and Sports as the First Vice President;

(3)	 President of the National Olympic Committee of Thailand under His Majesty's Patronage as the Second Vice President;

(4)	 ex officio Commissioners, that is, the Permanent Secretary for Education, the Permanent Secretary for Public Health, the Attorney General, the Director General of the Department of Physical Education, the Rector of the Physical Education Institute, and the Chief of Medical Staff of the National Olympic Committee of Thailand under His Majesty's Patronage;

(5)	 not more than three expert Commissioners appointed by the Minister from amongst the persons of knowledge and proficiency in the field of control of doping in sport.

The Governor of the Sports Authority of Thailand shall serve as a Commissioner and Secretary, and the Director, Assistant Secretary.

An expert Commissioner must be qualified and not disqualified as follows:

a.	 qualifications:

(1)	 being a Thai national;

(2)	 having obtained a bachelor's degree or higher degree;

b.	 disqualifications:

(1)	 being a bankrupt or having been a dishonest bankrupt;

(2)	 being incompetent or quasi-incompetent;

(3)	 having been sentenced to imprisonment by a final judgment, save where the sentence was in consequence of a negligent offence or misdemeanour;

(4)	 having been dismissed, discharged or removed from a government agency or state organ or agency, or having been disemployed by a private agency, on grounds of corruption.

An expert Commissioner shall hold office for a term of two years.

In cases an expert Commissioner vacates his office prior to the expiry of his term, the Minister shall appoint a new expert Commissioner to fill such vacancy. But if the remaining term of the expert Commissioner is less than ninety days, his office may be left vacant. An expert Commission appointed to fill a vacancy or appointed in addition to the existing expert Commissioner shall be in his office for the remaining term of the existing expert Commissioner.

If, upon expiry of the term under paragraph 1, no new expert Commissioner is yet appointed, the vacating expert Commissioner shall remain in office and continue to function until his office is assumed by a new expert Commissioner.

In addition to term expiry, an expert Commissioner shall vacate his office upon:

(1)	 death;

(2)	 resignation;

(3)	 removal by the Minister owing to failure of duty, failure of good behaviour or lack of ability;

(4)	 lacking any disqualification or being attacked by any disqualification under section 6.

The Commission shall be invested with the authority:

(1)	 to determine the policies and supervise the administration of business of the Office in general;

(2)	 to offer to the Minister advice on the designation of prohibited substances;

(3)	 to lay down the rules or announcements as to the consideration of penalties as well as the penal standards and measures;

(4)	 to promote the provision of knowledge on prohibited substances to the athletes, athletic supporters and other sports-related personnel;

(5)	 to lay down the regulations, rules or announcements governing any other activities in the exercise of authority of the Commission, specific commissions or sub-commissions under this Act;

(6)	 to carry out any other activities as authorised by this Act or other laws or as required by the Council of Ministers.

At a meeting of the Commission, a quorum shall be established by the presence of not less than one half of the total number of the existing Commissioners.

At any meeting of the Commission, if the President is absent or incapable of functioning, the First Vice President shall officiate such meeting. If the First Vice President is absent or cannot function, the Second Vice President shall preside over the meeting. Should the Second Vice President be also absent or unable to function, the present Commissioners shall elect one amongst themselves to chair the meeting.

A decision of a meeting shall be based upon a majority of votes. In voting, one Commissioner shall have one vote. In case of tie, the presiding officer shall issue one additional vote as a casting vote.

There shall be the following specific commissions:

(1)	 medical commission;

(2)	 penal commission;

(3)	 appellate commission.

A specific commissioner shall be in office for a term of two years and sections 6, 7, 8 and 10 shall apply to him mutatis mutandis.

The specific commissions shall have the authority herein prescribed and the authority given by the Commission.

No person may at the same time be a member of both the specific commissions under (2) and (3).

The Commission or specific commissions may set up the sub-commissions to consider any matter or carry out any activity as required by the Commission or specific commissions.

The specific commissions shall be empowered to direct the athletes, athletic supporters or relevant persons to deliver the prohitied substances being searched for, or the objects, documents, evidence or information concerning those substances. For this purpose, the specific commissions may order the athletes, athletic supporters or relevant persons to appear and give statements in person.

The medical commission shall consist of a chairperson and other commissioners numbering not less than five but not more than seven in total. They shall be appointed by the Commission from amongst the persons having knowledge and expertise in the fields of medicine and pharmacy.

The medical commission shall appoint one official of the Office as its secretary.

The penal commission shall consist of a chairperson and other commissioners numbering not less than five but not more than seven in total. They shall be appointed by the Commission from amongst the persons having knowledge and expertise in the fields of medicine, law and sports; said at least one commissioner being in each field.

The penal commission shall appoint one official of the Office as its secretary.

The appellate commission shall consist of a chairperson and other commissioners numbering not less than five but not more than seven in total. They shall be appointed by the Commission from amongst the persons having knowledge and expertise in the fields of medicine, law and sports; said at least one commissioner being in each field.

The appellate commission shall appoint one official of the Office as its secretary.

The Commission and specific commissions shall be entitled to meeting allowances and other benefits as provided by the Council of Ministers.

The Sport Doping Control Office shall be established as an agency of the Sports Authority of Thailand and shall be given the authority:

(1)	 to be responsible for the administrative affairs of the Commissiona and specific commissions;

(2)	 to take any measures concerning the control and supervision of the use of prohibited substances, as required by the regulations, rules or announcements of the Commission;

(3)	 to provide academic services, as well as promote and support academic work, assuance of qualities of the doping control system, and research and development for the purpose strengthening and protecting the control of the use of prohibited substances;

(4)	 to promote and support domestic and international cooperation on the prevention of the use of prohibited substances;

(5)	 to create databases for the sake of the doping control authorities, as well as gather and improve information concerning the use of prohibited substances, in accordance with international standards;

(6)	 to publish and distribute information as to prohibited substances, with a view to providing knowledge and understanding to the athletes and the public;

(7)	 to cooperate with the athletes, sports associations and pertinent organs, both domestic and international, on the detection for prohibited substances;

(8)	 to cooperate with the anti-doping agencies at international level;

(9)	 to draw up the annual performance reports and submit them to the Council of Ministers at least once a year;

(10)	 to perform any other activities as may be required by the Minister, Commission and specific commissions.

The Office shall be led by one Director who is to be appointed by the Governor of the Sports Authority of Thailand from amongst the officials of the Sports Authority of Thailand. The Director shall have the authority to administer the business of the Office within the purview of its authority and in conformance with the rules, regulations and policies laid down by the Commission.

The Minister shall be empowered to designate and announce the prohibited substances, upon advice of the Commission.

After the Minister designates any substance as a prohibited substance under section 20, the Commission shall determine and announce the classes, types and kinds of sports competitions in which the use of such substance is controlled.

The announcement under paragraph 1 may impose control upon the use of the substance in question both during and after the sports competitions.

Upon announcement of the Commission under section 21, no athlete may conduct the following:

(1)	 using the prohibited substances;

(2)	 buying, selling, exchanging, giving, carrying or possessing a prohibited substance, whether for his own sake or for the sake of another athlete;

(3)	 encouraging, persuading, inciting, instructing, promoting, supporting, deceiving or coercing another athlete to use or into using a prohibited substance;

(4)	 removing, damaging, destroying, concealing, taking away, causing to be lost or rendering useless the prohibited substances or the documents or evidence concerning the search therefor, or by whatever means avoiding an examination of the use of prohibited substance conducted by an authority under section 29;

(5)	 otherwise violating or failing to comply with the rules or announcements of the Commission.

Upon announcement of the Commission under section 21, no athletic supporter may commit the following:

(1)	 applying a prohibited substance to an athlete;

(2)	 buying, selling, exchanging, giving, carrying or possessing a prohibited substance for the sake of an athlete;

(3)	 encouraging, persuading, inciting, instructing, promoting, supporting, deceiving or coercing an athlete to use or into using a prohibited substance;

(4)	 removing, damaging, destroying, concealing, taking away, causing to be lost or rendering useless the prohibited substances or the documents or evidence concerning the search therefor, or by whatever means obstructing an examination of the use of prohibited substance conducted by an authority under section 29;

(5)	 otherwise violating or failing to comply with the rules or announcements of the Commission.

The collection, removal and transport of specimina, the conduct and standards of laboratory examinations, and the costs of prohibited substance detection service shall be governed by the criteria, procedure and conditions set forth in the rules of the Commission.

Upon announcement of the Commission under section 21, any athlete wishing to use a prohibited substance for medical purposes shall file an application for permission with the Office and the Office shall forward such application to the medical commission for consideration.

The making and consideration of an application under paragraph 1 and the notification of the consideration outcome shall be subject to the criteria, procedure and conditions stipulated by the Commission.

The decisions of the medical commission shall be final.

Having received a report from the Office that any athlete or athletic support violates or fails to comply with section 22 or 23, as the case may be, the penal commission shall initiate the actions under the criteria, procedure and conditions laid down by the Commission, and shall communicate the outcome of the determination of penalties to the Sports Authority of Thailand for further execution thereof.

In cases an athlete or athletic support incurs any penalty ordered by the Sports Authority of Thailand by virtue of section 29 and does not agree with such order, he may lodge a written appeal with the appellate commission within fifteen days from his receipt of notice of the order.

Upon receipt of a written appeal against penalty under section 27, the appellate commission shall be competent to review and rule on the order of penalty rendered by the Sports Authority of Thailand, according to the criteria, procedure and conditions laid down by the Commission.

The appellate commission must completely address an appeal within thirty days from its receipt thereof and shall give written notice of its ruling to the appellant by means of registered advice of delivery.

The rulings of the appellate commission shall be final.

A competent authority authorised by the Commission shall examine the use of prohibited substances, collect specimina, report the outcome of such examination, and shall be given the power:

(1)	 to, during the time between sunrise and sunset, enter any place where athletes reside for the purpose of collecting certain specimina after sports competitions;

(2)	 to, by written summons, direct any person to appear and give statement, to provide written explanation or to produce documents or evidence concerning the search for prohibited substances for further examination or consideration.

In discharging their duties under this Act, the competent authorities must produce their identity cards to the persons concerned.

The form of the competent authority identity cards shall be set forth in a ministerial regulation.

The athletes, athletic supports, sports associations or relevant persons shall be obliged to provide convenience to the competent authorities in the execution of section 29.

In rendering their duties under this Act, the competent authorities shall become the public officers under the Criminal Code.

Any person who violates or fails to abide by section 22 shall undergo any of the following penalties:

(1)	 deprivation of the rights to participate in a sports competition for a period of time determined by the penal commission;

(2)	 deprivation of the rights to participate in every sports competition for life.

Finding that the violation is not serious, the penal commission may place the violator on probation or issue an admonition or warning to him, instead of inflicting a penalty upon him.

Any person who violates or fails to adhere to section 22 shall incur any of the following penalties:

(1)	 deprivation of the rights to participate in a sports competition for a period of time determined by the penal commission;

(2)	 deprivation of the rights to participate in every sports competition for life.

Finding that the violation is not serious, the penal commission may place the violator on probation or issue an admonition or warning to him, instead of imposing a penalty upon him.

 * Countersigned.

 * Prime Minister.

The grounds for promulgation of this Act are as follows: The World Anti-Doping Agency, a nongovernmental organisation whose standards on control of doping in sport are recognised by many international sports organs, has declared the campaigns against doping in sport, with a view to enhancing physical skill together with moral and ethical conscience, to promoting the fair, equal and just sports competitions without using prohibited substances, and to protecting the health and safety of athletes. In order to bring the standards on control of the use of prohibited substances into accordance with the Copenhagen Declaration on Anti-Doping in Sport, as well as to promote sports cooperation with foreign nations, it is therefore necessary to enact this Act.


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, Isaac


text: Translation talk:Sport Doping Control Act, BE 2555 (2012)


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, John (1616-1701)


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text:
Category:Surayud Chulanont

th:หมวดหมู่:สุรยุทธ์ จุลานนท์

title: Category:Surayud Chulanont


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, John (1838-1866)


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