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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011  American willingness to forego further operations in Southeast Asia led to a directive to Admiral Lord Mountbatten, Supreme Commander in that theatre, to liberate Malaya without U.S. assistance. After the Yalta Conference (February, 1945), U.S. commanders in the Pacific were informed that the U.S. planned to turn over to the British responsibility for operations in the Netherlands East Indies and New Guinea. The President, however, agreed to permit such U.S. military operations in Indochina as avoided "alignments with the French," and detraction from the U.S. military campaign against Japan. The latter stricture precluded, in the U.S. view, the U.S. cooperation with the French at Mountbatten's headquarters, or the furnishing of ships to carry Free French forces to Indochina to undertake its liberation. This U.S. position came under particularly severe French criticism after 11 March 1945, when the Japanese overturned the Vichy regime in Vietnam, and prompted the Emperor Bao Dai to declare Vietnam unified and independent of France under Japanese protection. On 16 March 1945, a protest from General de Gaulle led to the following exchange between the Secretary of State and the President:

MEMORANDUM FOR THE PRESIDENT Subject:.

Communications have been received from the Provisional Government of the French Republic asking for:

 * (1) Assistance for the resistance groups now fighting the Japanese in Indo-China.

 * (2) Conclusion of a civil affairs agreement covering possible future operations in Indo-China.

These memoranda have been referred to the Joint Chiefs of Staff in order to obtain their views concerning the military aspects of the problems, and I shall communicate with you further on the subject upon receipt of the Joint Chiefs' reply.

Attached herewith is the text of a recent telegram from Ambassador Caffery describing his conversation with General de Gaulle on the subject of Indo-China. From this telegram and de Gaulle's speech of March 14, it appears that this Government may be made to appear responsible for the weakness of the Rh

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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011  resistance to Japan in Indo-China. The British may likewise be expected to encourage this view. It seems to me that without prejudicing in any way our position regarding the future of Indo-China we can combat this trend by making public our desire to render such assistance as may be warranted by the circumstances and by the plans to which we are already committed in the Pacific area. To this end I attach a draft of a suggested statement for publication, subject to your approval, by the State Department.

/s/ E. R. Stettinius, Jr.

Enclosures:

[Enclosure 1]

PROPOSED STATEMENT

The action of the Japanese Government in tearing away the veil with which it for so long attempted to cloak its domination of Indo-China is a direct consequence of the everemounting pressure which our arms are applying to the Japanese Empire. It is a link in the chain of events which began so disastrously in the summer of 1941 with the Franco-Japanese agreement for the "common defense" of Indo-China. It is clear that this latest step in the Japanese program will in the long run prove to be of no avail.

The Provisional Government of the French Republic has requested armed assistance for those who are resisting the Japanese forces in Indo-China. In accordance with its constant desire to aid all those who are willing to take up arms against our common enemies, this Government will do all it can to be of assistance in the present situation, consistent with plans to which it is already committed and with the operations now taking place in the Pacific. It goes without saying that all this country's available resources are being devoted to the defeat of our enemies and they will continue to be employed in the manner best calculated to hasten their downfall.

Rh

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Page:EB1911 - Volume 02.djvu/44

 Marien-legenden” in ''Sitzungsb. der Wien. Akademie'' (t. cxiii., cxv., cxix., cxxiii., cxxix.).

Another set of religious and moralizing tales is to be found in Chardri’s Set dormans and Josaphat, c. 1216 (Koch, Altfr. Bibl., 1880; G. Paris, Poèmes et légendes du moyen âge).

(c) History.—Of far greater importance, however, are the works which constitute Anglo-Norman historiography. The first Anglo-Norman historiographer is Geoffrey Gaimar, who wrote his Estorie des Angles (between 1147 and 1151) for Dame Constance, wife of Robert Fitz-Gislebert (The Anglo-Norman Metrical Chronicle, Hardy and Martin, i. ii., London, 1888). This history comprised a first part (now lost), which was merely a translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britanniae, preceded by a history of the Trojan War, and a second part which carries us as far as the death of William Rufus. For this second part he has consulted historical documents, but he stops at the year 1087, just when he has reached the period about which he might have been able to give us some first-hand information. Similarly, Wace in his Roman de Rou et des ducs de Normandie (ed. Andresen, Heilbronn, 1877–1879, 2 vols.), written 1160–1174, stops at the battle of Tinchebray in 1107 just before the period for which he would have been so useful. His Brut or Geste des Bretons (Le Roux de Lincy, 1836–1838, 2 vols.), written in 1155, is merely a translation of Geoffrey of Monmouth. “Wace,” says Gaston Paris, speaking of the Roman de Rou, “traduit en les abrégeant des historiens latins que nous possédons; mais çà et là il ajoute soit des contes populaires, par exemple sur Richard Ier, sur Robert Ier, soit des particularités qu'il savait par tradition (sur ce même Robert le magnifique, sur l’expédition de Guillaume, &c.) et qui donnent à son œuvre un réel intérêt historique. Sa langue est excellente; son style clair, serré, simple, d’ordinaire assez monotone, vous plaît par sa saveur archaïque et quelquefois par une certaine grâce et une certaine malice.”

The History of the Dukes of Normandy by Benoît de Sainte-More is based on the work of Wace. It was composed at the request of Henry II. about 1170, and takes us as far as the year 1135 (ed. by Francisque Michel, 1836–1844, Collection de documents inédits, 3 vols.). The 43,000 lines which it contains are of but little interest to the historian; they are too evidently the work of a romancier courtois, who takes pleasure in recounting love-adventures such as those he has described in his romance of Troy. Other works, however, give us more trustworthy information, for example, the anonymous poem on Henry II.’s Conquest of Ireland in 1172 (ed. Francisque Michel, London, 1837), which, together with the Expugnatio hibernica of Giraud de Barri, constitutes our chief authority on this subject. The Conquest of Ireland was republished in 1892 by Goddard Henry Orpen, under the title of The Song of Dermot and the Earl (Oxford, Clarendon Press). Similarly, Jourdain Fantosme, who was in the north of England in 1174, wrote an account of the wars between Henry II., his sons, William the Lion of Scotland and Louis VII., in 1173 and 1174 (Chronicle of the reigns of Stephen III., ed. by Joseph Stevenson and Fr. Michel, London, 1886, pp. 202-307). Not one of these histories, however, is to be compared in value with The History of William the Marshal, Count of Striguil and Pembroke, regent of England from 1216–1219, which was found and subsequently edited by Paul Meyer (Société de l’histoire de France, 3 vols., 1891–1901). This masterpiece of historiography was composed in 1225 or 1226 by a professional poet of talent at the request of William, son of the marshal. It was compiled from the notes of the marshal’s squire, John d’Early († 1230 or 1231), who shared all the vicissitudes of his master’s life and was one of the executors of his will. This work is of great value for the history of the period 1186–1219, as the information furnished by John d’Early is either personal or obtained at first hand. In the part which deals with the period before 1186, it is true, there are various mistakes, due to the author’s ignorance of contemporary history, but these slight blemishes are amply atoned for by the literary value of the work. The style is concise, the anecdotes are well told, the descriptions short and picturesque; the whole constitutes one of the most living pictures of medieval society. Very pale by the side of this work appear the Chronique of Peter of Langtoft, written between 1311 and 1320, and mainly of interest for the period 1294–1307 (ed. by T. Wright, London, 1866–1868); the Chronique of Nicholas Trevet (1258 ?–1328 ?), dedicated to Princess Mary, daughter of Edward I. (Duffus Hardy, Descr. Catal. III., 349-350); the Scala Chronica compiled by Thomas Gray of Heaton († c. 1369), which carries us to the year 1362–1363 (ed. by J. Stevenson, Maitland Club, Edinburgh, 1836); the Black Prince, a poem by the poet Chandos, composed about 1386, and relating the life of the Black Prince from 1346–1376 (re-edited by Francisque Michel, London and Paris, 1883); and, lastly, the different versions of the Brutes, the form and historical importance of which have been indicated by Paul Meyer (Bulletin de la Société des Anciens Textes, 1878, pp. 104-145), and by F. W. D. Brie (Geschichte und Quellen der mittelenglischen Prosachronik, The Brute of England or The Chronicles of England, Marburg, 1905).

Finally we may mention, as ancient history, the translation of Eutropius and Dares, by Geoffrey of Waterford (13th century), who gave also the Secret des Secrets, a translation from a work wrongly attributed to Aristotle, which belongs to the next division (Rom. xxiii. 314).

Didactic Literature.—This is the most considerable, if not the most interesting, branch of Anglo-Norman literature: it comprises a large number of works written chiefly with the object of giving both religious and profane instruction to Anglo-Norman lords and ladies. The following list gives the most important productions arranged in chronological order:—

Philippe de Thaun, Comput, c. 1119 (edited by E. Mall, Strassburg, 1873), poem on the calendar; Bestiaire, c. 1130 (ed. by E. Walberg, Paris, 1900; cf. G. Paris, Rom. xxxi. 175); Lois de Guillaume le Conquérant (redaction between 1150 and 1170, ed. by J. E. Matzke, Paris, 1899); Oxford Psalter, c. 1150 (Fr. Michel, Libri Psalmorum versio antiqua gallica, Oxford, 1860); Cambridge Psalter, c. 1160 (Fr. Michel, Le Livre des Psaumes, Paris, 1877); London Psalter, same as Oxford Psalter (cf. Beyer, Zt. f. rom. Phil. xi. 513-534; xii. 1-56); Disticha Catonis, translated by Everard de Kirkham and Elie de Winchester (Stengel, Ausg. u. Abhandlungen); Le Roman de fortune, summary of Boetius’ De consolatione philosophiae, by Simon de Fresne (Hist. lit. xxviii. 408); Quatre livres des rois, translated into French in the 12th century, and imitated in England soon after (P. Schlösser, Die Lautverhältnisse der quatre livres des rois, Bonn, 1886; Romania, xvii. 124); Donnei des Amanz, the conversation of two lovers, overheard and carefully noted by the poet, of a purely didactic character, in which are included three interesting pieces, the first being an episode of the story of Tristram, the second a fable, L’homme et le serpent, the third a tale, L’homme et l’oiseau, which is the basis of the celebrated Lai de l’oiselet (Rom. xxv. 497); Livre des Sibiles (1160); Enseignements Trebor, by Robert de Ho (=Hoo, Kent, on the left bank of the Medway) [edited by Mary Vance Young, Paris; Picard, 101; cf. G. Paris, Rom. xxxii. 141]; Lapidaire de Cambridge (Pannier, Les Lapidaires français); Frère Angier de Ste. Frideswide, Dialogues, 29th of November 1212 (Rom. xii. 145-208, and xxix.; M. K. Pope, Étude sur la langue de Frère Angier, Paris, 1903); Li dialoge Grégoire le pape, ed. by Foerster, 1876; Petit Plet, by Chardri, c. 1216 (Koch, Altfr Bibliothek, i., and Mussafia, Z. f. r. P. iii. 591); Petite philosophie, c. 1225 (Rom. xv. 356; xxix. 72); Histoire de Marie et de Jésus (Rom. xvi. 248-262); Poème sur l’Ancien Testament (''Not. et Extr.'' xxxiv. 1, 210; ''Soc. Anc. Textes, 1889, 73-74); Le Corset and Le Miroir, by Robert de Gretham (Rom''. vii. 345; xv. 296); Lumière as Lais, by Pierre de Peckham, c. 1250 (Rom. xv. 287); an Anglo-Norman redaction of Image du monde, c. 1250 (Rom. xxi. 481); two Anglo-Norman versions of Quatre sœurs (Justice, Truth, Peace, Mercy), 13th century (ed. by Fr. Michel, Psautier d’Oxford, pp. 364-368, ''Bulletin Soc. Anc. Textes, 1886, 57, Romania'', xv. 352); another Comput by Raüf de Lenham, 1256 (P. Meyer, Archives des missions, 2nd series iv. 154 and 160-164; Rom. xv. 285); Le chastel d’amors, by Robert Grosseteste or Greathead, bishop of

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Rh Pukul, to strike, to knock, to whip; to divide, as in arithmetic; to levy upon, as a tax; to apportion a contribution. Di pukul rata, every one paid an equal share. Also to take an average.

Pukulan, a place to beat in. An indigo vat, from the water being beaten to separate the feculae.

Pulang, to return, to go home, to revert.

Pulang anting, to go and return the same day.

Pulangkĕn, to give back, to return anything borrowed.

Pulas, to rub on paint, whitewash or the like. To daub.

Pulasari, name of a plant, Alyxia Stellata, used medicinally. Quere—Pula, C. 411, the erection of the hairs of the body considered as a proof of exquisite delight. Sari, used much in compound words on Java to denote, a flower, or beauty.

Pulasari, name of a mountain in Bantam, a little way to the south of the Gunung Karang.

Pulĕn, said of any food, but especially properly boiled rice, which is glib and easily swallowed.

Pulé pandak, name of a plant used for a strong drastic. Given to horses, dogs or other animals on which it operates very powerfully. Ophyoxylon Serpentinum of the family Apocyneae.

Pulĕs, name of a class of plants, the leaves of which have stinging properties, the same as the common nettle in Europe, Urtica Dioica, only in a more violent degree.
 * Pulĕs, simply, Urtica Stimulaus, of the family Urticeae.
 * Pulĕs munding, Urtica Astuans, of the family Urticeae.
 * Pulĕs maléla, Urtica Ardens, of the family Urticeae.
 * Pulĕs arĕui, Cnesmosa Javanica, of the family Euphorbiaceae.

Pulĕsan, name of a variety of Rambutan or Tundun. Nephelium globium.

Pulihan, same as Mulihan, to weed a humah a second time. To go over again.

Pulir, to twist, to twirl, to turn round, especially something small. Mĕngké chĕuli sia di pulir ku aing, I will pull your ears—I will twirl them round.

Pulo, an island, land surrounded by water. Pulina, C. 411, an island of alluvial formation, or one from which the water has recently with drawn; or a small island or rock left in the middle of a river upon the falling of the waters. Polo, C. 424, the plural of Polowa, the Earth.

Puluh, the decimal adjunct. Sa puluh, ten. Dua puluh, twenty. Lima puluh, Fifty. Puluh probably originally means: to gather up, and is heard in Pulung, with final nasal ng. The natives perhaps originally counted by putting down some trifling object—a pebble—as in still heard in satu = sa-watu, or a grain as sa-hiji, and at every ten, they gathered them together to keep a tally, and thus sa-puluh will be one tally, dua puluh, two tallies, and so forth.

Pulung, to gather up, to collect, to pick up; to adopt. Pulung buah, to gather up 49


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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011  :[Response]

March 17, 1945

 * MEMORANDUM FOR

The Secretary of State

 * By direction of the President, there is returned herewith Secretary of State Memorandum of 16 March, subject Indo-China, which includes a proposed statement on the Japanese action in Indo-China.

 * The President is of the opinion that it is inadvisable at the present time to issue the proposed statement.

/s/ William D. Leahy

The French were also actively pressuring the President and his key advisors through military channels. Admiral Leahy reported that, following Yalta:

 * "The French representatives in Washington resumed their frequent calls to my office after our return from the Crimea. They labeled most of their requests 'urgent.' They wanted to participate in the combined intelligence group then studying German industrial and scientific secrets; to exchange information between the American command in China and the French forces in Indo-China; and to get agreement in principle to utilizing the French naval and military forces in the war against Japan (the latter would assist in returning Indo-China to French control and give France a right to participate in lend-lease assistance after the defeat of Germany.)

 * "Most of the time I could only tell them that I had no useful information as to when and where we might make use of French assistance in the Pacific.

 * "However, we did attempt to give a helping hand to the French resistance groups in Indo-China. Vice Admiral Fenard called me on March 18 to say that planes from our 14th Air

Rh

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Page:The Seven Seas (Kipling, 1896).djvu/95

 THE DERELICT

I was the staunchest of our fleet

Till the sea rose beneath our feet

Unheralded, in hatred past all measure.

Into his pits he stamped my crew,

Buffeted, blinded, bound and threw,

Bidding me eyeless wait upon his pleasure.

Man made me, and my will

Is to my maker still,

Whom now the currents con, the rollers steer—

Lifting forlorn to spy

Trailed smoke along the sky,

Falling afraid lest any keel come near!

Wrenched as the lips of thirst,

Wried, dried, and split and burst,

Bone-bleached my decks, wind-scoured to the graining;


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236 , name of a personage in ancient native lore, called mostly Sang kuriang. Perhaps Kuru hyang, from kuru, C. 131, a bud, a bow, a tortoise; thus the supernatural Tortoise god. Or Kura, C. 131, a dwarf, a pigmý; any male animal stinted in its growth. Sang kura hyang, the supernatural dwarfgod.

, I the personal pronoun; used by an inferior to a superior, and is a very humble designation of self. (Perhaps from Ku = Aku, I, with addition of ring, in. Fr.)

, name of a private Estate, South from Batavia. The ancient name of the present Grobogan, in the residency of Samarang; derived from hurip, living, thriving, prosperous. Ka-hurip-an the place of thriving or prosperity.

, the small pox, variola. Tukang kuris, the man who vaccinates.

, a pretty brown coloured bird, size of a dove.

, lean, thin, meager. (See above Kokoro.)

, a pole or straight thin piece of wood; a stake for a fence.

, to confine, to shut up, imprison; to enclose, to include. (Jav. Mal. id.)

, a cage, a coop, a place of confinement. Kuda kurungan, a stall horse kept in a Kadogan, as distinguished from one which always runs loose.

, sneaking out into view; coming leisurely along. Kurunyung bai bijil, and he came out leisurely into view.

, the thick hide of the neck of some animals, especially of deer or buffaloes, which is scraped clean, and then roasted or burnt for eating; much relished by the natives.

, to sneak or creep about any tangled thicket, as the jungle, in the way a tiger does, or as a man who is hiding himself.

, to walk into or through the jungle; to struggle or make your way through any tangled jungle.

, the zodiacal sign Sagittarius. (ألقوس al-Kaus, the bow, used in the Indian way as a zodiacal sign en lieu of Sagittarius; the Greek sign Sagittarius is also known to the Arabs under the name of Al-Rámì الرامي, the bowman. Fr.)

, jumping out inter view, coming suddenly in sight.

, a warrior, a brave man, a hero; a rebel, a man in arms against established government. Kusuma, C. 134, a flower in general, and hence has been applied in Java to represent valliantvaliant [sic] men. Dewá kusuma, the flower of the gods; the name of a prominent hero of old Javanese romance; he flourished in the early part of the 10th. century A. D. and sent his children to continental India to be educated. Raffles Vol 2 Page 88. He was the grandfather of the celebrated Panji.

, entangled, perplexed, confused, intricate. (Mai. Batav. idem.) , a fort, a fortified place, a stronghold; a walled town. Kuta. C. 127, a waterpot; a house; a mountain; a fort, a stronghold; a hammer. Ngadangdangan kuta, building a fort.


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User talk:Allief Nuriman 2

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User talk:Dhesy

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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011  Force in China were loaded with relief supplies for the undergrounders but could not start without authority from Washington. I immediately contacted General Handy and told him of the President's agreement that American aid to the Indo-China resistance groups might be given provided it involved no interference with our operations against Japan."

 * (2)

In the meantime, the President's concept of postwar trusteeship status for dependent territories as an intermediate step toward autonomy had undergone study by several interdepartmental and international groups, but had fared poorly. In deference to British sensibilities, the United States had originally sought only a declaration from the colonial powers setting forth their intention to liberate their dependencies and to provide tutelage in self-government for subject peoples. Such a declaration would have been consistent with the Atlantic Charter of 1941 in which the U.S. and the U.K. jointly agreed that, among the "common principles...on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world," it was their policy that:

 * "...they respect the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self-government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived of them...."

In November, 1942, Secretary Hull submitted to the President a proposed draft US–UK declaration entitled "The Atlantic Charter and National Independence," which the President approved. Before this draft could be broached to the British, however, they submitted a counter-proposal, a statement emphasizing the responsbilityresponsibility [sic] of "parent" powers for developing native self-government, and avoiding endorsement of trusteeships. Subsequent Anglo-American discussions in March 1943 addressed both drafts, but foundered on Foreign Secretary Eden's opposition. Secretary Hull reported in his memoirs that Eden could not believe that the word "independence" would be interpreted to the satisfaction of all governments:

 * "...the Foreign Secretary said that, to be perfectly frank, he had to say that he did not like our draft very much. He said it was the word 'independence' that troubled him, he had to think of the British Empire system, which was built on the basis of Dominion and colonial status.

 * "He pointed out that under the British Empire system there were varying degrees of self-government, running from the Dominions through the colonial establishments which had in some cases, like Malta, completely self-government, to backward areas that were never likely to have their own government. He

Rh

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360 :: 138 Singgul, white, bearded.

 * 139 Sisit Naga, Dragon's Scales, white, beardless.

 * 140 Sondo, white, beardless.

 * 141 Tamblĕg, red, beardless.

 * 142 Tanjung, white, beardless.

 * 143 Tanggai, white, beardless.

 * 144 Tanggai lopang, white, beardless.

 * 145 Timbun, white, bearded.

 * 146 Tundun, white, bearded.

 * 147 Tunggul, white, bearded.

 * 148 Wahangan, white, bearded.

 * 149 Walén, white, bearded.

 * 150 Wasiyat or Changkaruk, black, bearded.

Paréksa, to examine, to investigate, to enquire, to search. Prékshā, C. 450, from Pra, before Iksha, to see. Intellect, understanding; viewing, looking, observing, seeing. Parikshawa, C. 366, from Pari, intense, Iksha, to see. Searching, trying, examination, investigation, test, trial, experiment.

Préksa-an, investigation, inquiry , examination.

Parémpéng, name of a small tree, Croton laevifolium.

Parĕndang, the rainy season, say from about Nov. till March.

Parĕng, agreeable, conceded; willing, granted. Lamun parĕng, hayang ménta ngahutang, if it is agreeable, I would wish to buy on credit.

Paréngpéng, name of a tree in young jungle, Croton laevifolium. The same as Parémpéng.

Paréngréngan, by mutual consent or general agreement. Said when several authorities agree upon a line of conduct or decision.

Paréntah, order, command, direction, injunction. Authority, government. Njĕkĕl paréntah, to be endowed with authority. To hold sway.

Parérédan, a sledge. A conveyance consisting of a wooden or bambu frame dragged along the ground, on which anything can be loaded, as paddy or the like. Derived from Séréd, which see.

Parĕum, extinguished, put out. Blocked up, discontinued. Damar na parĕum, his torch has gone out. Jalan na parĕum, that road is blocked up; no longer used; impassable.

Pari, the ray-fish;—its skin is very rough, and when dried is used for rasps.

Pari, a variety of Manggah so called.

Pari, viz Chandi Pari. The Pari temples in the delta of Sourabaya, three pauls W. N. W. from Porong. They are built of brick. Pāri, C. 389, one not having known a woman; a quantity of water; a water jar. Pari, C. 365, homage, respect; ornament. If the first meaning be adopted, they might be temples of Buddhist priests, who are devoted to celebacy. Or they may be homage-temples, or temples which are an ornament of the land.


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Rh Kutang, a short jacket without sleeves, but buttoning down the front like a European's waistcoat. (Also a waistcoat of women, worn under the Kabaja, buttoned and covering the breast. Mal. id. Jav. Kotang. Fr.)

Kutél, foolish, daft

Kutil, a wart, an excrescence on the skin. (Jav. idem.)

Kutu, a louse; a flea; Kulu jélĕma, a louse on a human being, Pediculus. Kutu anjing, a flea on a dog. Kutu hayam, a flea on a fowl. In these two last senses, the Kutu is a Pulex. (Mal. idem. Jav. every kind of small animals. Gericke.)

Kutuk, a curse, damnation; Si kutuk the accursed one, the damned fellow. Kutuk Allah, the curse of God.

Kutuk-bluk, the owl, more frequently called Kukubluk.

Kutum, a bud, a flower bud.

Kutung, a short jacket with what are called short sleeves, which only reach to the wrists; whereas a native's idea of full sleeves is that they will pull well over the hands. (See Kutang.)

Kutung, maimed so that the stump of leg, arm or finger remains. (Bat. idem.)

Ku-ud, Arabic, sitting, remaining in one place on ocassionoccassion [sic] of praying, (كُعُودٌ, Kuûd, the act of sitting.)

Ku-uk, a big full-grown Onggrét. Also the beetle which is often found among old horse or buffaloe dung: in this latter sense it is a Geotrupes.

Kuwali, name of a place in the Regency of Galu in Cheribon, where some ancient inscriptions have been found. The word will admit of the following solution. Ku C. 126 an indeclinable particle of deprecation, implying sin, guilt; reproach; contempt, meanness. Wali C. 628, wild, living in a forest. Ku-wali, a vile person living in the woods, say perhaps some unorthodox sage, who had retired to the solitude of the forest, and hence called sometimes Sanghyang Kuwali, as reported by Raden Saléh. Tijdschrift voor land- taal- en volkenkunde 1854 Jaargang 2 aflev. 2. Page 155, in the same way as Kuwéra which see. It may somewhat tend to confirm our acceptation of wali, living in the forest, that no temple or ruins of any buildings have been found near the inscribed stones. (But there has been a Kuta! Fr.)

Kuwĕng, a name given to the Oah monkey, being an imitation of its cry.

Kuwéra, C. 133 from Ku bad, vile, and wéra, body. The Indian Plutus, the god of wealth. The name of the deity alludes to his deformity, he being represented as having three- legs and only eight teeth. See Soma.

Kuwuk, a sea shell in some varieties. Cypraea and Oliva.

Kuwung-Kuwungan, the rainbow. Called also Kungkuwung. In Malay called Kung, Marsden Page 274.

Kuya, a fresh water turtle or tortoise, found in the inland rivers.

Kuya-batu, a smaller variety of the above, in swampy places or on dry land.


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Rh Walat, a variety of rattan, the rattan of commerce, such as are exported to Europe. It is found in the Sunda districts only near the south coast of Bantam.

Waléh, speaking the plain truth. Speaking without prevarication, really, truly, undisguisedly. See.

Waléhan, to speak out the plain truth. To throw yourself on the consideration of another. Kudu di waléhan bai ka tuan, I must tell you an unvarnished tale, I must, Sir, tell you the plain truth (when about to ask a favour).

Walén, a variety of ficus-tree. The bark is sometimes used as an indifferent substitute for gambir, for which purpose trees near a path are found deprived of their bark. Does not grow very large, but is a moderate bushy tree. It has numerous bunches of small fruits of sige of peas, growing from the stem. Leaves small, oval and entire.

Walěs, to rebound, to spring back.

Walěsan, a spring made of a stick bent by a string or cord to serve for that purpose. A spring of wood or iron bent for some purpose. See.

Walét, the house swallow. Hirundo. The house swallow which builds its nest under the eaves of a house or in a verandah.

Wali, Arabic, a tutor, a guardian. A person, the next akin, who takes the place of the parents when these are dead. Wali in Arabic, a friend, a favourite, a servant, a slave. Wali Allah, the servant of God; the successors of Mahomet; the caliphs; those to whom the power of God is entrusted.

Walian, to give a woman away in marriage, either when the father gives away the bride himself, or does so by deputy.

Wali-kambing, name of a liane growing along some parts of the low coasts of Java. It is found, amongst other places, near the coast from the mouth of the Chidani towards Bantam. The root is bruised and mixed up with boiled rice or other food, and placed in the way of wild pigs, which, after eating it, become insensible and torpid, but on bleeding them they recover. It is also called Pélér kambing about Batavia. Wali, C. 628, wild, living in the woods. „The fruit of a species of Contorta called Kalak kambing, has a deadly effect on tigers. It is prepared by the admixture of other vegetables, and exposed on a piece of rag at the places frequented by them. In some districts their number has been sensibly diminished by this poison. " — Horsfield. Raffles', Java, vol. 1, page 347. — It would thus appear that a vegetable preparation known by somewhat different names, but all terminating in Kambing, goat or sheep, has a deleterious effect upon animals, and is in different parts of Java used for the purpose of stupifying wild beasts. Kalak in Javanese is burnt or roasted flesh and Kalak-kambing is the burnt flesh of a sheep or goat Pélér means penis, and thus the penis of a goat.

Wali-kukun, name of a hard, reddish wood, growing near the sea-shore, and much used for the cog-wheels of mill- work, being strong and close in grain. Wali, C. 628, wild, living in the woods. Kokun, mahogany, — Lambrick's Singhalese Vocabulary, Ceylon, 1840, page 17, thus: wild mahogany.


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330 Pachikrak, name of a small pert bird, which wags its tail up and down at every hop.

Pachinan, the quarter of the Chinese in any town. Where Chinese live.

Paching, a scitameneous plant, Costus speciosus.

PacHok, to peck at as a bird does. To pull down or away anything with a hooked stick, a pachul or the like. Di pachok manuk, it has been pecked by the birds. Tanĕuh di na gawir kudu di pachok ku pachul, that earth on the bank must be pulled down with te hoe. (Batav. id. Jav. Pĕtjók, to peck through. Cf. Malay Pâtjak, a spit.)

Pachorok, taken by mistake. Confounded. Got the wrong one.

Pachuan, D'ont by any means. Pachuan di béré, D'ont give it by any means. Pachuan pĕupĕuli, D'ont tell on any account. See Chuan.

Pachul, a hoe, a very common agricultural implement. The etymon of this word is Chul, the idiomatic expression of flinging away. (Jav. Mai. Batav. idem).

Pada, respectively, all; a word implying distribution; rather than, now that, seeing that, since. Pada lĕumpang, they respectively (or all) went. Pada bogah, each one has some. Pada mandi, they respectively (or all) bathed. Pada di béré milih, seeing that we may pick. Pada daik mayar, kajĕun di dawa, rather than pay let him sue me. (Batav. idem. Jav. Para en Pada )

Padagang, a trader, a merchant. See Dagang.

Padalaman, or Padalĕman, the abode or residence of a Dalĕm a native of high rank, such as a Regent. The enclosure, house and grounds where a high native chief lives.

Padalang, the man who performs at a native wayang. The man who sings and recites the story, a sort of native Bard. (Mal. id. Javan. Dalang id).

Padoman, a mariner's compass. This word might easily be derived from Du-um, to divide, and Pa-du-um-an, would elide into Padoman, anything which is portioned out in divisions, to which the card of the mariners compass not only anwers, but without it, a native, who had never seen such an instrument would naturally form the idea of division, by having to turn himself to nearly the four cardinal points, which they well know, and which are called by them Papadon opat, which see. This word is also good Malay; see, page 216, though no word like Du-um exists in Malay for to divide. Padoman, may also be derived from Dhom in Javanese, a needle, but Dhom is neither Sunda nor Malay. With Dhom meaning needle, the compass would then be—an instrument with a needle—which is also a very apposite etymology. The Sunda people never having been apparently much of mariners, perhaps the Javanese Etymology from dhom a needle, must be allowed to preponderate. (Jav Dum, according to ., Division, corresponds with Sd. Du-um, Jav. Dom, Padomman, the compass; also a needle.)

Padri, Portuguese, a Priest; a European clergyman; a Christian priest.

Padu, to oppose, to resist, to have a dispute, to resist each other. Altercation, dispute. To compare by placing together, so that each may, as it were, assert its claims. (From Adu, Jav. Mal. Fighting, quarrelling. Padu in Javan. the same as in Sunda).


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Rh Uchut, dropped out, displaced, dislocated. Come out. Slipped out. Uchut ngora, slipped out young. Prematurely born. A fausse couche. Kajĕun buruk ulah uchut, let it rather rot than drop out. A Sunda proverb said when much pains is taken with any matter; when a thing is made over-secure.

Uchutkĕn, to shove out, to drop out, to produce. To turn out of a bag.

Udag, to pursue, to chase, to run after. Bĕdul di udag ti lĕuwĕng, the pigs were chased out of the forest. Di udag to kabĕdag, when we ran after him, we could not overtake him.

Udang, a variety of Mangga so called. Udang in Malay is shrimp.

Udar, to throw out loose. To fling to the air. To shake out. To unbind. Bu-uk na di udaran, he shook out his hair (which is generally long). Ngudar lamak, to let a rag, or bit of cloth, flutter in the wind.

Udud, to smoke, to smoke tobacco. To bisa ngudud, I cannot smoke, I don't know how to smoke.

Uduh, soft, not hard. Sakit na ragrag ka nu uduh, it was well he fell where it was soft. Kayu uduh, soft wood.

Ugĕr, to make fast with ropes. To belay. To tie tight and immoveable.

Ugĕt, to shake or move a stake of wood, or any other object set deep in the ground. To move backwards and forwards anything set fast in the ground so as to get it loose an be able to pull it out.

Ujang, name of courtesy given to children of a petty chief, or official, such as of a Chamat.

Ujĕg, name of a small river-fish about 6 or 7 inches long. A pretty round fish with black stripe from gills to tail.

Ujĕg- paus, name of a small river-fish.

Uji, to try the touch , or ascertain the degree of fineness of gold, by means of a touchstone. Batu-uji, a touch-stone, always black, and on it the colour of the gold is clearly seen.

Ujung and Ujungan, a native game for two persons, a kind of short-stick, in which each party is armed with a bit of limber rattan, as thick as the little finger, with which they strike each other. It is allowed to ward off a coming blow with your rattan, but they give each other blows with all their might, and frequently bring out weals on the body. Played at native festivals, as at marriages, etc. when some trifle is given to the victor, or him who can stand it longest.

Ujur, to have a direction. The direction in which anything points. Ujur na ka wétan, it points to the East. Ngujur chai, to lie lengthwise in the river, or stream.

Ukir, to carve, to engrave. Ukir hulu kris, to crave a kris-head. Ukiran na bagus, the carving is pretty.

Ukup, to perfume by smoke. The smoke of incense. Fumigation.

Ulah, do not, don't. A prohibitive expression. Ulah undur, don't go away, don't give way. Ulah kawatir, you need not have any anxiety. Ulah di harĕup, don't expect it, or don't go in front.


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Nama: Jeffri Argon Lokasi: Jln Talang Betutu No. 6, Air Tawar Timur, Padang, Sumatra Barat, Indonesia

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320 Nyaring, awake, not asleep; with the eyes open. On the watch.

Nyaru, disguised, clothed otherwise than usual in order not to be recognized.

Nyata or niyata, manifest, clear, evident, conspicuous. Nyata, C. 215, known, apprehended, understood. (Sct. jnyâta, known. See nyana).

Nyatu, to eat. To eat into or wear away. Nyatu kejo, to eat boiled rice. Nyatu gula titipan, to eat sugar which has been entrusted to one's care; to break one's engagements; to violate trust reposed in one. To violate a woman who has been entrusted to our care. Huntu panggilingan nyatuan, the teeth of the mill are wearing away. (The vulgar word for to eat.)

Nyawa, life, soul, the breath of life. This word occurs in Jampés, and is most probably the same as Nya, C. 215, with the constructive wa added to it; wisdom, knowledge; one of the appellations of Buddha. Séngyang wisésa huriping nyawa, Sengyang wisésa the cherisher of wisdom, or the one who causes the soul to live. (Wa is no constructive particle, but belongs to the root, which there seems to be little doubt to be Sct. jîwa, life. From jnyâna, jnyâta, corrupted we saw nyana and nyâta; somewhat similarly, but not quite analogous, nyawa might be from jîwa. Compare nyâla, Mal. to jwâla, Sct. flame. Fr.)

Nyawah, to work a sawah; to plant rice on irrigated land.

Nyĕbit, to encroach upon the property or territory of another; to go beyond our own proper limits. To appropriate slyly what does not rightly belong to us.

Nyéyag, to snap as a dog. (Bat. idem.)

Nyĕkĕl, to hold, to have charge of. See Chĕkĕl.

Nyéla-bumi, a direction differing from the cardinal points. Not pointing due East, West, North or South, but to some intermediate direction, as S. W., N. E. &c. Imah na nyéla-bumi, his house is not in a cardinal direction,—which is thought improper and unlucky. The ridge poles of all native houses are or ought to run East and West. (Çilâ Sct., the timber of a door frame; a transverse beam, or a beam or stone placed across the top of a post or pillar. From çilâ might come nyéla!? Fr.)

Nyĕlap, inserted, stuck in between something else. Lost by being mixed with other matters.

Nyĕléké, to shove oneself into some opening where the body can hardly pass. To creep or crawl into a small opening.

Nyělĕsĕp, to creep quietly and slyly into any place. To introduce oneself slyly.

Nyĕmbah, to go down upon the knees, to salute a superior; to cower down and salute. To make obeisance. (Jav. Mal. sĕmbah, idem. Sĕmbah hyang, to adore the deity. A faultive reading or pronouncing is sumbah, the same u is improperly found in the name of the island Sumbawa, in Dutch even written Soembawa, which is Sĕmbawa from Sct. Sambhawa, origin; the a is shortened to ĕ by the influence of the nasal sound, and by the accent being on the following syllalbe. Fr.)

Nyĕmpit, to embezzle; to steal what is entrusted to one.


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 Lincoln († 1253) [ed. by Cooke, Carmina Anglo-Normannica, 1852, Caxton Society]; Poème sur l’amour de Dieu et sur la haine du péché, 13th century, second part (Rom. xxix. 5); Le mariage des neuf filles du diable (Rom. xxix. 54); Ditie d’Urbain, attributed without any foundation to Henry I. (P. Meyer, Bulletin Soc. Anc. Textes, 1880, p. 73 and Romania xxxii, 68); Dialogue de l’évêque Saint Julien et son disciple (Rom. xxix. 21); Poème sur l’antichrist et le jugement dernier, by Henri d’Arci (Rom. xxix. 78; Not. et. Extr. 35, i. 137). Wilham de Waddington produced at the end of the 13th century his Manuel des péchés, which was adapted in England by Robert of Brunne in his Handlying Sinne (1303) [''Hist. lit''. xxviii. 179-207; Rom. xxix. 5, 47-53]; see Furnivall, Robert of Brunne’s Handlying Synne (Roxb. Club, 1862); in the 14th century we find Nicole Bozon’s Contes moralisés (see above); Traité de naturesse (Rom. xiii. 508); Sermons in verse (P. Meyer, op. cit. xlv.); Proverbes de bon enseignement (op. cit. xlvi.). We have also a few handbooks on the teaching of French. Gautier de Biblesworth wrote such a treatise à Madame Dyonise de Mountechensi pur aprise de langage (Wright, A Volume of Vocabularies; P. Meyer, Rec. d’anc. textes, p. 360 and Romania xxxii, 22); Orthographia gallica (Stürzinger, Altfr. Bibl. 1884); La manière de language, written in 1396 (P. Meyer, Rev. crit. d’hist. et de litt. nos. compl. de 1870); Un petit livre pour enseigner les enfants de leur entreparler comun françois, c. 1399 (Stengel, Z. für n. f. Spr. u. Litt. i. 11). The important Mirour de l’omme, by John Gower, contains about 30,000 lines written in very good French at the end of the 14th century (Macaulay, The Complete Works of John Gower, i., Oxford, 1899).

Hagiography.—Among the numerous lives of saints written in Anglo-Norman the most important ones are the following, the list of which is given in chronological order:—Voyage de Saint Brandan (or Brandain), written in 1121, by an ecclesiastic for Queen Aelis of Louvain (Rom. St. i. 553-588; Z. f. r. P. ii. 438-459; Rom. xviii. 203. C. Wahlund, Die altfr. Prosaübersetz. von Brendan’s Meerfahrt, Upsala, 1901); life of St Catherine by Clemence of Barking (Rom. xiii. 400, Jarnik, 1894); life of St Giles, c. 1170, by Guillaume de Berneville (Soc. Anc. Textes fr., 1881; Rom. xi. and xxiii. 94); life of St Nicholas, life of Our Lady, by Wace (Delius, 1850; Stengel, Cod. Digby, 66); Uhlemann, ''Gram. Krit. Studien zu Wace’s Conception und Nicolas, 1878; life of St George by Simon de Fresne (Rom. x. 319; J. E. Matzke, Public. of the Mod. Lang. Ass. of Amer. xvii. 1902; Rom. xxxiv. 148); Expurgatoire de Ste. Patrice, by Marie de France (Jenkins, 1894; Eckleben, Aelteste Schilderung vom Fegefeuer d. H. Patricius, 1851; Ph. de Felice, 1906); La vie de St Edmund le Rei, by Denis Pyramus, end of 12th century (Memorials of St Edmund’s Abbey, edited by T. Arnold, ii. 1892; Rom. xxii. 170); Henri d’Arci’s life of St Thais, poem on the Antichrist, Visio S. Pauli (P. Meyer, Not. et Extr. xxxv. 137-158); life of St Gregory the Great by Frère Angier, 30th of April 1214 (Rom. viii. 509-544; ix. 176; xviii. 201); life of St Modwenna, between 1225 and 1250 (Suchier, Die dem Matthäus Paris zugeschriebene Vie de St Auban, 1873, pp. 54-58); Fragments of a life of St Thomas Becket, c''. 1230 (P. Meyer, Soc. Anc. Text. fr., 1885); and another life of the same by Benoît of St Alban, 13th century (Michel, Chron. des ducs de Normandie; Hist. Lit. xxiii. 383); a life of Edward the Confessor, written before 1245 (Luard, Lives of Edward the Confessor, 1858; Hist. Lit. xxvii. 1), by an anonymous monk of Westminster; life of St Auban, c. 1250 (Suchier, op. cit.; Uhlemann, “Über die vie de St Auban in Bezug auf Quelle,” &c. Rom. St. iv. 543-626; ed. by Atkinson, 1876). The Vision of Tnudgal, an Anglo-Norman fragment, is preserved in MS. 312, Trinity College, Dublin; the MS. is of the 14th century; the author seems to belong to the 13th (La vision de Tondale, ed. by Friedel and Kuno Meyer, 1906). In this category we may add the life of Hugh of Lincoln, 13th century (Hist. Lit. xxiii. 436; Child, The English and Scottish Popular Ballads, 1888, p. v; Wolter, Bibl. Anglo-Norm. ii. 115). Other lives of saints were recognized to be Anglo-Norman by Paul Meyer when examining the MSS. of the Welbeck library (Rom. xxxii. 637 and Hist. Lit. xxxiii. 338-378).

Lyric Poetry.—The only extant songs of any importance are the seventy-one Ballads of Gower (Stengel, Gower’s Minnesang, 1886). The remaining songs are mostly of a religious character. Most of them have been discovered and published by Paul Meyer (Bulletin de la Soc. Anc. Textes, 1889; Not. et Extr. xxxiv; Rom. xiii. 518, t. xiv. 370; xv. p. 254, &c.). Although so few have come down to us such songs must have been numerous at one time, owing to the constant intercourse between English, French and Provençals of all classes. An interesting passage in Piers Plowman furnishes us with a proof of the extent to which these songs penetrated into England. We read of:

One of the finest productions of Anglo-Norman lyric poetry written in the end of the 13th century, is the Plainte d’amour (Vising, Göteborg, 1905; Romania xiii. 507, xv. 292 and xxix. 4), and we may mention, merely as literary curiosities, various works of a lyrical character written in two languages, Latin and French, or English and French, or even in three languages, Latin, English and French. In Early English Lyrics (Oxford, 1907) we have a poem in which a lover sends to his mistress a love-greeting composed in three languages, and his learned friend replies in the same style (De amico ad amicam, Responcio, viii and ix).

Satire.—The popularity enjoyed by the Roman de Renart and the Anglo-Norman version of the Riote du Monde (Z. f. rom. Phil. viii. 275-289) in England is proof enough that the French spirit of satire was keenly appreciated. The clergy and the fair sex presented the most attractive target for the shots of the satirists. However, an Englishman raised his voice in favour of the ladies in a poem entitled La Bonté des dames (Meyer, Rom. xv. 315-339), and Nicole Bozon, after having represented “Pride” as a feminine being whom he supposes to be the daughter of Lucifer, and after having fiercely attacked the women of his day in the Char d’Orgueil (Rom. xiii. 516), also composed a Bounté des femmes (P. Meyer, op. cit. 33) in which he covers them with praise, commending their courtesy, their humility, their openness and the care with which they bring up their children. A few pieces of political satire show us French and English exchanging amenities on their mutual shortcomings. The Roman des Français, by André de Coutances, was written on the continent, and cannot be quoted as Anglo-Norman although it was composed before 1204 (cf. Gaston Paris: Trois versions rimées de l’évangile de Nicodème, Soc. Anc. Textes, 1885), it is a very spirited reply to French authors who had attacked the English.

Dramatic Literature.—This must have had a considerable influence on the development of the sacred drama in England, but none of the French plays acted in England in the 12th and 13th centuries has been preserved. Adam, which is generally considered to be an Anglo-Norman mystery of the 12th century, was probably written in France at the beginning of the 13th century (Romania xxxii. 637), and the so-called Anglo-Norman Resurrection belongs also to continental French. It is necessary to state that the earliest English moralities seem to have been imitations of the French ones.

ANGLO-SAXON CHRONICLE. It is usual to speak of “the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle”; it would be more correct to say that there are four Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. It is true that these all grow out of a common stock, that in some even of their later entries two or more of them use common materials; but the same

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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011  added that Australia and New Zealand also had colonial possessions that they would be unwilling to remove from their supervisory jurisdiction.

U.S. inability to work out a common policy with the U.K. also precluded meaningful discussion, let alone agreement, on the colonial issue at the Dumbarton Oaks Conversations in 1944. Through March, 1945, the issue was further occluded by debates within the U.S. Government over the postwar status of Pacific islands captured from the Japanese: in general, the War and Navy Departments advocated their retention under U.S. control as military bases, while State and other departments advocated an international trusteeship.

 * (3)

Secretary of State Stettinius, with the approval of President Roosevelt, issued a statement on April 3, 1945, declaring that, as a result of international discussions at Yalta on the concept of trusteeship, the United States felt that the postwar trusteeship structure:

 * "...should be designed to permit the placing under it of the territories mandated after the last war, and such territories taken from the enemy in this war as might be agreed upon at a later date, and also such other territories as might be voluntarily be placed under trusteeship."

Indochina thus seemed relegated to French volition.

Nonetheless, as of President Roosevelt's death on April 12, 1945, U.S. policy toward the colonial possessions of its allies, and toward Indochina in particular, was in disarray:

— The British remained apprehensive that there might be a continued U.S. search for a trusteeship formula which might impinge on the Commonwealth.

— The French were restive over continued U.S. refusal to provide strategic transport for their forces, resentful over the paucity of U.S. support for French forces in Indochina, and deeply suspicious that the United States — possibly in concert with the Chinese — intended to block their regaining control of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.

 * b.

Within a month of President Truman's entry into office, the French raised the subject of Indochina at the United Nations Conference at San Francisco. Secretary of State Stettinius reported the following conversation to Washington:

 * "...Indo-China came up in a recent conversation I had with Bidault and Bonnet. The latter remarked that although the French

Rh

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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011   : Government interprets [Under Secretary of State] Welles' statement of 1942 concerning the restoration of French sovereignty over the French Empire as including Indo-China, the press continues to imply that a special status will be reserved for this colonial area. It was made quite clear to Bidault that the record is entirely innocent of any official statement of this government questioning, even by implication, French sovereignty over Indo-China. Certain elements of American public opinion, however, condemned French governmental policies and practices in Indo-China. Bidault seemed relieved and has no doubt cabled Paris that he received renewed assurances of our recognition of French sovereignty over that area."

In early June 1945, the Department of State instructed the United States Ambassador to China on the deliberations in progress within the U.S. Government and its discussions with allies on U.S. policy toward Indochina. He was informed that at San Francisco:

 * "...the American delegation has insisted upon the necessity of providing for a progressive measure of self-government for all dependent peoples looking toward their eventual independence or incorporation in some form of federation according to circumstances and the ability of the peoples to assume these responsibilities. Such decisions would preclude the establishment of a trusteeship in Indochina except with the consent of the French Government. The latter seems unlikely. Nevertheless it is the President's intention at some appropriate time to ask that the French Government give some positive indication of its intentions in regard to the establishment of civil liberties and increasing measures of self-government in Indochina before formulating further declarations of policy in this respect."

The United Nations Charter (June 26, 1945) contained a "Declaration Regarding Non-Self-Governing Territories":

 * "Members of the United Nations which have or assume responsibilities for the administration of territories whose peoples have not yet attained a full measure of self-government recognize the principle that the interests of the inhabitants of these territories are paramount, and accept as a sacred trust the obligation to promote to the utmost, within the system of international peace and security established by the present Charter, the well-being of the inhabitants of these territories, and, to this end:

Rh

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270 self, his ownself. Lamun ku manéh di boro, tilok kapanggih, if I go myself towards it, I can never meet it. Manéh na to hayang? D'ont you yourself long for some. Saha ngaran manéhna, what is your name.

Maněuh, to remain stationary. Bumi manĕuh, name of a portion of the Mountain of Jasinga, means either that the Earth is stationary, that it has not been broken down by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions ? or that there was there formerly a stationary residence (of some great man or of mountain genii).

Mang'an, an aspect or facing of the Naga, as connected with old superstitions. This aspect of Mangan is towards the north and the period of the day is between 9 and 10 o'clock A. M.

Mang'ěn, to have an affection for, to feel tenderly for; the word is derived from the word Ang'ĕn, the heart, the disposition, which see, prefixed with the verbal Ma, and is thus litterally heart-felt. (Ang'ĕn, Kw. heart. Ang'en-ng'en, Jav. to meditate, to have in mind; to desire).

Mang'éndér, name of a liane, the leaves of which being scorched, are used in place of Délan or Trasi in Samběl. It is the Salacia oblongifolia.

Manggah, the Manggo tree. The wel known Indian fruit of that name, Mangifera In- dica, of which there are many varieties. Amba, C. 43. a mango. The following is a list of different varieties of manggah. 1 Manggah Bapang — 2 Chěngkir — 3 Chupu — 4 Daging — 5 Dodol — 6 Endog — 7 Kalapa — 8 Kukulu — 9 Marunda — 10 Pari — 11 Sěngir — 12 Sěngir gadung — 13 Udang — 14 Wang'i. The following six varieties are also botanically manggahs, but the natives never prefix that word to them — 15 Běmběm or Gandarusa — 16 Kaděpér — 17 Kawini I8 Kěmang — 19 Limus.

Manggala, a word often used in proper names, and is no doubt Manggala, C. 505 happiness, good fortune, lucky, auspicious.

Manggalé, to refuse to obey orders. To be disobedient

Manggar, the fruit branch of a palm tree , especially of a Cocoanut tree ; the stem to which the fruit adheres in clusters. When the nuts have been removed, and the stem is dry and falls from the tree, it is called Baralak.

Manggih, to meet , to come in contact with , to observe. Manggih maung di jalan, met a tiger on the road. Ari manggih buah asak, ala, if you find , or observe any ripe fruit, take it. (Panggih, Jav., finding, encountering).

Manggu, The celebrated fruit of the Archipelago, the mangosteen, called in Malay Manggis. Garcinia mangostana. This tree grows wild in the mountain forests of Jasinga Estate, south of the Chibéran towards the Gunung Kěndang. It grows grouped with the primeval forest, evidently naturally, and is seldom thicker than a man's thigh.

Manggung, upon , above , particularly said of a superior. Manggung lautan, above the sea, hovering over the sea. To be seated or placed relatively higher than some other person. Manggung adhipati, sitting higher than the Adhipati, which is improper. (Jav. Panggung, a cupola , a spire).


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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011  ::"a. to ensure, with due respect for the culture of the peoples concerned, their political, economic, social, and educational advancement, their just treatment, and their protection against abuses;

 * "b. to develop self-government, to take due account of the political aspirations of the peoples, and to assist them in the progressive development of their free political institutions, according to the particular circumstances of each territory and its peoples and their varying stages of advancement;..."

Again, however, military considerations governed U.S. policy in Indochina. President Truman replied to General de Gaulle's repeated offers for aid in Indochina with statements to the effect that it was his policy to leave such matters to his military commanders. At the Potsdam Conference (July, 1945), the Combined Chiefs of Staff decided that Indochina south of latitude 16° North was to be included in the Southeast Asia Command under Admiral Mountbatten. Based on this decision, instructions were issued that Japanese forces located north of that line would surrender to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, and those to the south to Admiral Lord Mountbatten; pursuant to these instructions, Chinese forces entered Tonkin in September, 1945, while a small British task force landed at Saigon. Political difficulties materialized almost immediately, for while the Chinese were prepared to accept the Vietnamese government they found in power in Hanoi, the British refused to do likewise in Saigon, and deferred to the French there from the outset.

There is no evidence that serious concern developed in Washington at the swiftly unfolding events in Indochina. In mid-August, Vietnamese resistance forces of the Viet Minh, under Ho Chi Minh, had seized power in Hanoi and shortly thereafter demanded and received the abdication of the Japanese puppet, Emperor Bao Dai. On V-J Day, September 2nd, Ho Chi Minh, had proclaimed in Hanoi the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV). The DRV ruled as the only civil government in all of Vietnam for a period of about 20 days. On 23 September 1945, with the knowledge of the British Commander in Saigon, French forces overthrew the local DRV government, and declared French authority restored in Cochinchina. Guerrilla war began around Saigon. Although American OSS representatives were present in both Hanoi and Saigon and ostensibly supported the Viet Minh, the United States took no official position regarding either the DRV, or the French and British actions in South Vietnam. In October, 1945, the United States stated its policy in the following terms:

 * "US has no thought of opposing the reestablishment of French control in Indochina and no official statement by US GOVT has questioned even by implication French sovereignty

Rh

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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/361

340 Pamulu, shape, appearance, form, description. ( Jav. or Kawi according to G. R. face; shape, form. From Mulu, to see).

Pamuna, see Raja pamuna, in which ossociation ouly it has been heard.

Pan, a prefix in compounding words, of much the same force and use as Pa and Pang.

Panagan, a building raised on posts, a little off the ground, usually made of bambu, and provided with a moveable atap roof, so as to expose the contents, at pleasure, to the sun and in case of rain, to be able to speedily cover it up. A small Panagan is found in every paddy field when cutting, in which the short heads and refuse of grain are collected and dried. Such Panagans, only on a large scale, are used for drying Coffee in the pulp. The word appears to be derived from Naga a snake or serpent, thus Pa-naga-an, the place of the serpent, and a serpent or dragon called Anta Boga is mentioned in the Manék Maya, where it is connected with the account of early paddy-growing on Java, as a kind of presiding genius. See Raffles Java 2 vol, appendix Page CCXIX.

Panah, a bow (for shooting). Bāna, C. 467, an arrow. The bow here appears to have been coufounded with the arrow. In Sunda an arrow is called Anak panah, the child of the bow. (Mal. id. Jav, an arrow.)

Panaitan, or Pulo Panaitan, an island lying close to Java Head, called" Prince's Island" by Europeans. It is probably derived from the Sunda word Jait or Jayit, to take up or out of the water anything which has been put therein to soak. This probably was a rendez vousrendezvous [sic] place for the old Hindu traders, who came from India and proceeded along the South Coast of Java to reach Bali and the Eastern islands, without venturing among the pirates of the inner seas of Java. Pa-nyait-an = Panaitan, the place of coming up, or taking up (out of the Ocean).

Panakawan, a domestic, a retainer, a follower.

Panambah, augmentation, what is added. (From Tambah).

Panamping, on the borders of, adjoining. Panamping Chidurian, along the course of the Chidurian. (Batav. Samping, side, border).

Panang'an, a respectful modification of Tang'an, the hand. A refined expression. Ku panangan Puachi, with the hand of Puachi.

Pananggalan, the first day of a moon. The first day of a new month. Bulan gĕus pananggalan, the moon has begun afresh. See Tanggal.

Pananggung, a carrying stick. A stick laid across the shoulder, to which objects are attached to be carried. See Tanggung.

Panangguran, heedlessly, without having an earnest intention. Casually. (Jav. Tanggor, to run against a thing, to hurt. Nanggor, to knock).

Panapak, the foot—a refined expression. (Tâpak, Tĕlâpak Mal. the palm, the sole of the foot. Jav. Trace. Tĕlápakkan, the sole of the foot.)

Panarima, thanks, acknowledgment, obligation.

Panarukan, name of a district in the residency of Bazukie, the seat of an ancient trade in Java, before the arrival of Europeans.


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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/301

 280 A DICTIONARY SUNDANESE

Méré, to give, to bestow. (See Béré)

Měrěbět, moving in quick succession- as the legs of an animal in running; said of fruit which keeps tumbling fast from the tree, when shaken; and on similar occasions.

Měrěbis, said of slight drizzly rain. Hujan měrěbis sahěutik bai, the rain was only a slight drizzle.

Měrěbot, a petty official attached to a mosque , whose duty is to beat the drum for prayers , and sweep out the place. (Arab. Marbút; originaly bound.)

Měrěhěwa, full of spite, vexed with anger. To detest, to have in aversion. To feel resentment against.

Měrěji, nice- tasted; anything which has a good relish.

Měrélék, to crumble down, to fall down grain by grain.

Měrěm, blind, with the closed. Marhum, Marsden Page 341 arabic, the deceased, one who has found mercy. The Sunda word may be derived from this Arabic one, from the eyes being closed in death.

Měrěng'ut, frowning, having a sour look.

Mérés, full to the brim, full measure.

Měrih, with energy, with exertion, with activity; smart, active.

Měrjan, Ar: blood red coral worked up for ornaments. A precious coral brought from the Persian gulf.

Měrjan, Ar: the zodiacal sign Libra.

Měrong, looking earnestly at any one; standing staring, often impudently.

Měru1, unwinding , unravelling ; coming loose , as by a rope slackening. Crumbling down, as earth from a bank in dry weather.

Měsat, slipped out of place, displaced.

Mésěum, to smile.

Mésiat, vicious, wicked, evil-disposed.

Měsir, Ar: Egypt; grand Cairo. This word Měsir is evidently taken from the first part of the arabic name of grand Cairo — Mesr-el-kahira, the city of victory. Europeans have seized upon the latter part of the name and converted it into grand Cairo.

Měsum, frowning, looking sour, looking displeased.

Métél, to fly off in chips when struk, especially if anything hard, as stone, when struck by a hammer.

Mětěng, to buy an unborn animal, as a buffaloe. A bargain made sometimes by natives, by which they sell for a low price an unborn buffaloe calf. The cash is paid, and all the risk is for the purchaser.

Métoha, a father or mother in law, called in Malay Měrtuwa. In the Marquesas and Sandwich islands Matua is a parent, and has no doubt a common origin with our Sunda word, Crawford's dissertation Page 143. Vide Toa.

Měu-ěus, somewhat better, an improvement. Very nearly the same as ''Mĕnding. To bogah měněus'', There is no improvement in it. To puguh mĕu-ĕus, you cannot decidedly consider it better.


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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/407

386 :fruit. Pulung minantu, to gather up, to adopt as a son in law. Pulung anak, to adopt as a child. Anak pulung, an adopted child.

Pulur, feeding, entertainment, see Pupu1ur. Pulut, to draw or pull, as to draw a net up out of Water. To pull away out of a bundle; to pull out even. Pumpuran, name of a plant. Calosanthes Indica. Pumpurutan, name of a shrub. Triumfetta Suffruticosa. Pun, Divinity, Godhead, as applied to the gods of the Hindu religion, or perhaps of anti-Hindu periods. The word Pun! is often used at the commencement of an invocation. Pun, C. 407, from Purna, full, complete, fulfilled; also from Puma or Puman, male, masculine. Pun, on this supposition might mean: your fullness, your completeness. — It may also be a contracted form of Pohon, MARSDEN 239, to desire, to beg, to request, solicit, supplicate. See Muhunkĕn. The commencement of an invocation is ''Pun! ulah gédėr, ulah rowas!'' Divinity! be not startled, be not surprised! The chief or supreme godhead of the Badui in South Bantam is called Pun. Punchak, the top of a mountain. The peak. Punchĕlak, top, pinnacle, summit, point. The top of a mountain. Punduk, the hump or round boss on the top of the spine, or at the insertion of the neck of some men, especially such as are in the habit of carrying loads on their shoulders. The hump of a Bengal or native cow. Pundung, sulky, being inwardly vexed. Pung, name of a shrub, Kembang Pung, called in Malay Nagasari. Acacia Pedunculata. Punggas, broken, as a beam or stick breaks. Broken, as anything stiff and strong. Punggawa, see Panggawa. Punggĕl, to cut off short; to cut in short lengths, as logs of wood or something large and rough. To cut the top and branches off a tree, so as to leave only the stump standing.

Pungkil, well-fed, in good condition, in good case; round and well filled. Obese. Full and perfect. Showing a round heap. Punglak, teeth fallen out. Kuda punglak huntu, the horse has lost his teeth, — is old. Pungsat, short and dumpy. Paré pungsat, paddy short in the ear. Punjul, a remainder, something over, a balance. Aya punjulan? is there anything over? is there any remainder? Punjul siji, one remains over. Puntang, to swing backwards and forwards. Anything pendulous. Puntangan, to move along by swinging to something, — as to move along under a roof by holding en to the rafters. Pupon, anything collected. A tax which has been received. Tukang pupon, a tax gatherer; a man who goes about collecting a tax. Pupu, to gather fruit; to make a collection of any kind. To collect a tax.

Pupugan, ataps which have been used and thrown away collected and used again. Anything which has been used and thrown away collected and used again.


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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/295

274 :I took him for a beast. Marukan ajang na, laju top bai di bawa, he took it to be meant for himself, and seizing hold of it, took it away.

Marunda, a variety of Mango so called.

Maryĕm, a great gun, a cannon.

Mas, gold, golden ; a jeweller's weight.
 * Mas, C. 525, a small stone, a pebble; a part, a portion.
 * Massa, C. 526, a small coin so called.
 * Māsha, C. 540, a sort of kidney bean, phaseolus radiatus: a jeweller's weight, the seed of the Abrus precatorius, and weighing about 17 grs: troy. Mas is the name for gold in almost all the languages of the Archipelago, and was probably adopted from the Indian Mas or Māsha, a weight for gold, which the Indian traders would, every where, have in use, when purchasing from the natives. In Letty alone, one of the Serwatti group, east of Timor, is still preserved the final a in their word Masa = gold. Timbang mas, gold weight, said when any particular care or minuteness is used in weighing. See Sa mas — Domas.

Mas, a title of rank amongst the natives of Java, below Raden, which see. The word is prefixed to their usual Mohammedan name as- Mas Muhammad, Mas Nargan &c. The word very likely comes from Mas, C. 525, fish, flesh. As the Radens are of the blood (royal), so those denominated Mas , are only of the flesh , being the next metaphorical approach to royalty.

Mas Kawin, literally — „the gold of marriage" — the money agreed upon to be paid for a wife. This is never actually paid down at a marriage, but is agreed upon , and determined as to amount, and is to be forfeited by the party who insists upon a divorce. The Mas Kawin forms a point of agreement at the settlement of marriage between all persons of property. It is agreed upon with a view to be a check on either party wishing for a divorce on insufficient grounds.

Masa, Portuguese Mas. A word expressing doubt. Is it likely, just as if, forsooth. Masa aing daik méré, Is it likely that I will give. Masa sia daik mayar, lamun to bogah hutang, just as if you would pay, if you had no debt.

Masakat, poor, indigent, without means.

Masigit, the mosque, the Mohammedan temple, or house of prayer. Mésjid,' Marsden 323, Mosque in Arabic.

Masih, yet, still, continuously so. Masih kénéh bai, it still remains so; they are still there. Masih hayang, do you still want some?

Masing, separate, separately, distinctly, individually.

Masinikĕn, under the suppositional- talk of. Masinikěn daik hadé, gěus lila anggĕus, under the supposition, that it could become good , it would long ago have been done. Masinikĕn nyokot paré, gĕrrah de bayar hĕula, talk of laying hold of the paddy, be quick and pay first.

Mas-masan, golden trinkets.


text:
User talk:99.238.136.145

Welcome

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title: User talk:99.238.136.145


text:
Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/408

Rh Pupul, to collect, to gather together. Pupulih, to tell, to say, to communicate. Pupulih ka batur, tell your companions. Ulah pupulih, don't tell. Pupulur, and Pupuluran, to give a treat, a blow out, a feed, an entertainment. Hadé pupulur na, he gave a good blow out. Nu di gawé kudu di pupuluran, you must feed well those who work; givo them plenty to eat and drink. Pulur simply occurs more rarely in Sunda, but CRAWFURD gives it as Malay, meaning: meal, farina, the pith of plants (and thus probably alluding to the pith of the sago palm, which however, it does not imply in Sunda). [[wikt:pupundukan|Pupundukan, having a hump or bump on the top of the spine at the insertion of the neck. Said also of the hump on cows. See Punduk.

Pupur, a lotion or cosmetic for the skin, composed of a solution of fine rice meal. Called in Malay Bĕdak.

Pupurus, a tenon in carpentry, the same as Pirusa. Pupurus is said to be properly Malay, but is nevertheless often used in Sunda. Most likely derived from Purusha, C. 410, male, masculine per simile. In the Polynesian word the first syllable, by a common practice, is doubled, when similitude is implied. Puput, to blow, to breathe into. To fill with air, — as by blowing into a bladder, the fire etc. To blow with a bellows. Puputan, the native bellows, which are two long cylinders of wood set side by side and standing upright. A tube leads out of each to a common point at the fire to be blown. In each cylinder moves a piston so arranged that it admits the air when drawn up, and closes when forced down by a rod, and thus prevents the air from again escaping upwards, but drives it into the fire. These pistons are moved by one man, and being alternately depressed and withdrawn, a constant blast of wind is kept at the fire. Puputih, a disease in young paddy caused by a diminutive grub eating away the green epidermis of the leaf, and leaving it white, which Putih implies. Puputih ĕndog, the white of egg. Pura, used in composition to denote a town, as Singapura, the Lion town. Pura, C. 409, a city, a town, a cluster of houses walled in. Puraga, an offering of the monkeys of one of their number to a tiger. The monkeys sometimes shove one of their number off the branches, when a tiger makes his appearance, at least so say the natives, and they call the unfortunate monkey so circumstanced Puraga. Puraga sounds Sanscritic. The nearest intelligible solution which presents itself is — Puru, C. 410, much, many, exceeding; Aga, C. 6, amongst many other meanings: sorrow, distress, fear; and thus the exceeding fear, at the presence of the tiger, to which they offer one of their number. Purah, occupation, about (any occupation), engaged upon; for the purpose of. By chance, fortuitously. Purah naun sia, what is your occupation. Purah ngéjo, for the purpose of cooking rice; or, I am engaged in cooking rice. Purah ngala chai, my oc-


text: Eight Harvard Poets/Incarnation

title: Eight Harvard Poets/Incarnation


text: Eight Harvard Poets/Memory

title: Eight Harvard Poets/Memory


text: Eight Harvard Poets/Saturnalia

title: Eight Harvard Poets/Saturnalia


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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/316

Rh narajang ka jéléma, the tiger flew at the man. Lamun narajang ka lobah kula, payah , should such fall to my lot, I should be sorely put about. See Tarajang. (Jav. Nrajang, from Trajang, Těrajang to attack. Mal. idem).

Naraka, hell, the infernal regions. Naraka, C. 311 — Hell.

Nararangtung, the plural of Nangtung, standing up.

Narawas, to hold an inspection before commencing operations. See Tarawas.

Narawastu, name of a grass with odoriferous roots, which are used as a perfume. This is called by the Javanese Lorowastu. Andropogon Muricatus. The roots are of a yellow colour and often made into fans. Nara, C. 311, a man individually or generally. According to the Brahminical system of theology the anima mundi or the spirit pervading the universe. Wastu, C. 632, property, wealth, natural disposition, essential property, nature , essence. The essence of the soul of the universe.

Narik, to drag, to haul along, to pull. To attend a loaded cart. To keep a cart and buffaloes for the purpose of carrying loads. (Jav. Mal. idem).

Naruhkěn, to wager, to risk.

Nas, arabic, a text or dogma of the koran. (Naçç, sanctio. In Malay the same as in Sunda).

Nasir, arabic, a defender, a protector, an assistant. Crawfurd. (Nacir).

Nasur, arabic, a vulture, used only in relating fabulous stories. In Hebrew, Syriac, Aethiopic and Arabic, the word Nisr means either an eagle or a hawk, and appears to be derived from an unused root, meaning „to tear in pieces with the teeth", „to rend as a bird of prey". Vaux's Nineveh and Persepolis; page 31. (Arabic Nasr, vulture; from the root Nasara, to rend, to tear in peaces with the beak).

Nata, a chief, a master, a lord, a prince. Much used in the composition of proper names. Natha, C. 317, a master, a chief, a lord.

Natag, to hack a tree in order to let it bleed a gum.

Natrat, following the course of, tracking; not swerving from, Natrat bai turut jalan ka Bogor, without swerving he followed the road to Buitenzorg. Natrat bai di susul, he followed after him in his track.

Nau, to bale out water from a pool till dry, in order to catch the fish.

Naun, what , that which. Naun nu di sada, what is it which gives a cry ? Naun sebab na , what is the reason of it? Ku naun, why? Naun tah? what is it? how do you call it?

Naur or Nawur, to fling out for a scramble. Naur duit, to fling out doits to be scrambled for. See Awur and Gaur. To redeem anything by a payment Naur gawé to redeem (the service or servitude of feudal) work. Said of such people as compound for feudal service. Naur hutang, to redeem a debt, to pay the debt. (Jav. Nawur, to spread round. Mal Tábur ,spread).

Nawing, looking high at a distance, as a mountain. Perpendicular and steep, like an


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Page:The Pathfinder of the Seas.djvu/75

 Rh This new building was to be of brick, in the form of a square about 50 feet by 50, surmounted by a dome 23 feet in diameter, with wings to the south, east, and west. Later, in 1847, the superintendent's residence was constructed and connected with the main building by an extension of the east wing.

The name of the institution varied. As the Depot of Charts and Instruments it was officially known from 1830 to 1844; but for the next ten years the names Naval Observatory and National Observatory were used indiscriminately, sometimes even in the same publication. In December, 1854, the Secretary of the Navy instructed that it should henceforth be called the United States Naval Observatory and Hydrographical Office, and as such it was known until the establishment of the Hydrographic Office as a separate division in 1866. Since that date the official name of the institution has been the United States Naval Observatory.

Near the close of September, 1844, the Observatory was reported to be completed, and on October 1 Maury was ordered to take charge with a staff of line officers and professors of mathematics of the navy, and civilian professors. Lieutenant James M. Gilliss, Maury's predecessor, had been greatly interested in astronomy, especially that field of the science having to do with navigation, and it was largely through his exertions that the necessary legislation had been passed making possible a building, adapted not merely to the housing of charts and instruments but suitable as well for astronomical observations. He had been sent to Europe to consult about the purchasing of instruments for the new Observatory, and there were those who thought that he should have been made its first superintendent.

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User talk:Fannisuyuti

— billinghurst  sDrewth  04:51, 10 July 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fannisuyuti


text: Eight Harvard Poets/Whan that Aprille

title: Eight Harvard Poets/Whan that Aprille


text: Eight Harvard Poets/Night Piece

title: Eight Harvard Poets/Night Piece


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Page:The Pathfinder of the Seas.djvu/76

 46 However scantily informed Maury may have been in the beginning as to the great advance in astronomical science recently made in Europe, his great energy and native ability soon enabled him to overcome any such handicaps. He assisted with his own hands in the installation of the instruments, in which he took great delight, writing that the Great Refraction Circle was such an exquisite piece of machinery and so beautiful that he would like to wear it round his neck as an ornament. He was constantly endeavoring to secure better and larger instruments, and wrote with pride when the Observatory, as far as equipment was concerned, became the second most important in the world and needed only a larger telescope to make it the very first of all. Maury quickly saw the value of the Electro-Chronograph, invented by John Locke of Cincinnati, in determining longitude with the aid of the magnetic telegraph, seeing that it would practically double the number of observations that one observer could make; and it was largely through him that Congress was persuaded to appropriate the $10,000 necessary for installing the instrument at the Observatory.

Maury was, moreover, by no means a mere figurehead in the making of astronomical observations, but soon mastered the details of this work which might have been left wholly to his subordinates. During the first two years he was the principal observer with the equatorial, and it is interesting to note how often his name appears as the observer in the published extracts from the notebooks of the Observatory. That he had much more than a mere passing interest in astronomy is evident from the following account of his emotions during an astronomical observation: "To me the simple passage

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text:
A Prefect's Uncle/Chapter 1

Marriott walked into the senior day-room, and, finding no one there, hurled his portmanteau down on the table with a bang. The noise brought William into the room. William was attached to Leicester's House, Beckford College, as a mixture of butler and bootboy. He carried a pail of water in his hand. He had been engaged in cleaning up the House against the conclusion of the summer holidays, of which this was the last evening, by the simple process of transferring all dust, dirt, and other foreign substances from the floor to his own person.

'' Ullo, Mr Marriott,' he said.

'Hullo, William,' said Marriott. 'How are you? Still jogging along? That's a mercy. I say, look here, I want a quiet word in season with the authorities. They must have known I was coming back this evening. Of course they did. Why, they specially wrote and asked me. Well, where's the red carpet? Where's the awning? Where's the brass band that ought to have met me at the station? Where's anything? I tell you what it is, William, my old companion, there's a bad time coming for the Headmaster if he doesn't mind what he's doing. He must learn that life is stern and life is earnest, William. Has Gethryn come back yet?'

William, who had been gasping throughout this harangue, for the intellectual pressure of Marriott's conversation (of which there was always plenty) was generally too much for him, caught thankfully at the last remark as being the only intelligible one uttered up to present date, and made answer—

'Mr Gethryn 'e's gorn out on to the field, Mr Marriott. 'E come 'arf an hour ago.'

'Oh! Right. Thanks. Goodbye, William. Give my respects to the cook, and mind you don't work too hard. Think what it would be if you developed heart disease. Awful! You mustn't do it, William.'

Marriott vanished, and William, slightly dazed, went about his professional duties once more. Marriott walked out into the grounds in search of Gethryn. Gethryn was the head of Leicester's this term, vice Reynolds departed, and Marriott, who was second man up, shared a study with him. Leicester's had not a good name at Beckford, in spite of the fact that it was generally in the running for the cricket and football cups. The fact of the matter was that, with the exception of Gethryn, Marriott, a boy named Reece, who kept wicket for the School Eleven, and perhaps two others, Leicester's seniors were not a good lot. To the School in general, who gauged a fellow's character principally by his abilities in the cricket and football fields, it seemed a very desirable thing to be in Leicester's. They had been runners-up for the House football cup that year, and this term might easily see the cricket cup fall to them. Amongst the few, however, it was known that the House was passing through an unpleasant stage in its career. A House is either good or bad. It is seldom that it can combine the advantages of both systems. Leicester's was bad.

This was due partly to a succession of bad Head-prefects, and partly to Leicester himself, who was well-meaning but weak. His spirit was willing, but his will was not spirited. When things went on that ought not to have gone on, he generally managed to avoid seeing them, and the things continued to go on. Altogether, unless Gethryn's rule should act as a tonic, Leicester's was in a bad way.

The Powers that Be, however, were relying on Gethryn to effect some improvement. He was in the Sixth, the First Fifteen, and the First Eleven. Also a backbone was included in his anatomy, and if he made up his mind to a thing, that thing generally happened.

The Rev. James Beckett, the Headmaster of Beckford, had formed a very fair estimate of Gethryn's capabilities, and at the moment when Marriott was drawing the field for the missing one, that worthy was sitting in the Headmaster's study with a cup in his right hand and a muffin (half-eaten) in his left, drinking in tea and wisdom simultaneously. The Head was doing most of the talking. He had led up to the subject skilfully, and, once reached, he did not leave it. The text of his discourse was the degeneracy of Leicester's.

'Now, you know, Gethryn—another muffin? Help yourself. You know, Reynolds—well, he was a capital boy in his way, capital, and I'm sure we shall all miss him very much—but he was not a good head of a House. He was weak. Much too weak. Too easy-going. You must avoid that, Gethryn. Reynolds….' And much more in the same vein. Gethryn left the room half an hour later full of muffins and good resolutions. He met Marriott at the fives-courts.

'Where have you been to?' asked Marriott. 'I've been looking for you all over the shop.'

'I and my friend the Headmaster,' said Gethryn, 'have been having a quiet pot of tea between us.'

'Really? Was he affable?'

'Distinctly affable.'

'You know,' said Marriott confidentially, 'he asked me in, but I told him it wasn't good enough. I said that if he would consent to make his tea with water that wasn't two degrees below lukewarm, and bring on his muffins cooked instead of raw, and supply some butter to eat with them, I might look him up now and then. Otherwise it couldn't be done at the price. But what did he want you for, really?'

'He was ragging me about the House. Quite right, too. You know, there's no doubt about it, Leicester's does want bucking up.'

'We're going to get the cricket cup,' said Marriott, for the defence.

'We may. If it wasn't for the Houses in between. School House and Jephson's especially. And anyhow, that's not what I meant. The games are all right. It's—'

'The moral je-ne-sais-quoi, so to speak,' said Marriott. 'That'll be all right. Wait till we get at 'em. What I want you to turn your great brain to now is this letter.'

He produced a letter from his pocket. 'Don't you bar chaps who show you their letters?' he said. 'This was written by an aunt of mine. I don't want to inflict the whole lot on you. Just look at line four. You see what she says: "A boy is coming to Mr Leicester's House this term, whom I particularly wish you to befriend. He is the son of a great friend of a friend of mine, and is a nice, bright little fellow, very jolly and full of spirits."'

'That means,' interpolated Gethryn grimly, 'that he is up to the eyes in pure, undiluted cheek, and will want kicking after every meal and before retiring to rest. Go on.'

'His name is—'

'Well?'

'That's the point. At this point the manuscript becomes absolutely illegible. I have conjectured Percy for the first name. It may be Richard, but I'll plunge on Percy. It's the surname that stumps me. Personally, I think it's MacCow, though I trust it isn't, for the kid's sake. I showed the letter to my brother, the one who's at Oxford. He swore it was Watson, but, on being pressed, hedged with Sandys. You may as well contribute your little bit. What do you make of it?'

Gethryn scrutinized the document with care.

'She begins with a D. You can see that.'

'Well?'

'Next letter a or u. I see. Of course. It's Duncan.'

'Think so?' said Marriott doubtfully. 'Well, let's go and ask the matron if she knows anything about him.'

'Miss Jones,' he said, when they had reached the House, 'have you on your list of new boys a sportsman of the name of MacCow or Watson? I am also prepared to accept Sandys or Duncan. The Christian name is either Richard or Percy. There, that gives you a fairly wide field to choose from.'

'There's a P. V. Wilson on the list,' said the matron, after an inspection of that document.

'That must be the man,' said Marriott. 'Thanks very much. I suppose he hasn't arrived yet?'

'No, not yet. You two are the only ones so far.'

'Oh! Well, I suppose I shall have to see him when he does come. I'll come down for him later on.'

They strolled out on to the field again.

'In re the proposed bucking-up of the House,' said Marriott, 'it'll be rather a big job.'

'Rather. I should think so. We ought to have a most fearfully sporting time. It's got to be done. The Old Man talked to me like several fathers.'

'What did he say?'

'Oh, heaps of things.'

'I know. Did he mention amongst other things that Reynolds was the worst idiot on the face of this so-called world?'

'Something of the sort.'

'So I should think. The late Reynolds was a perfect specimen of the gelatine-backboned worm. That's not my own, but it's the only description of him that really suits. Monk and Danvers and the mob in general used to do what they liked with him. Talking of Monk, when you embark on your tour of moral agitation, I should advise you to start with him.'

'Yes. And Danvers. There isn't much to choose between them. It's a pity they're both such good bats. When you see a chap putting them through the slips like Monk does, you can't help thinking there must be something in him.'

'So there is,' said Marriott, 'and it's all bad. I bar the man. He's slimy. It's the only word for him. And he uses scent by the gallon. Thank goodness this is his last term.'

'Is it really? I never heard that.'

'Yes. He and Danvers are both leaving. Monk's going to Heidelberg to study German, and Danvers is going into his pater's business in the City. I got that from Waterford.'

'Waterford is another beast,' said Gethryn thoughtfully. 'I suppose he's not leaving by any chance?'

'Not that I know of. But he'll be nothing without Monk and Danvers. He's simply a sort of bottle-washer to the firm. When they go he'll collapse. Let's be strolling towards the House now, shall we? Hullo! Our only Reece! Hullo, Reece!'

'Hullo!' said the new arrival. Reece was a weird, silent individual, whom everybody in the School knew up to a certain point, but very few beyond that point. His manner was exactly the same when talking to the smallest fag as when addressing the Headmaster. He rather gave one the impression that he was thinking of something a fortnight ahead, or trying to solve a chess problem without the aid of the board. In appearance he was on the short side, and thin. He was in the Sixth, and a conscientious worker. Indeed, he was only saved from being considered a swot, to use the vernacular, by the fact that from childhood's earliest hour he had been in the habit of keeping wicket like an angel. To a good wicket-keeper much may be forgiven.

He handed Gethryn an envelope.

'Letter, Bishop,' he said. Gethryn was commonly known as the Bishop, owing to a certain sermon preached in the College chapel some five years before, in aid of the Church Missionary Society, in which the preacher had alluded at frequent intervals to another Gethryn, a bishop, who, it appeared, had a see, and did much excellent work among the heathen at the back of beyond. Gethryn's friends and acquaintances, who had been alternating between 'Ginger'—Gethryn's hair being inclined to redness—and 'Sneg', a name which utterly baffles the philologist, had welcomed the new name warmly, and it had stuck ever since. And, after all, there are considerably worse names by which one might be called.

'What the dickens!' he said, as he finished reading the letter.

'Tell us the worst,' said Marriott. 'You must read it out now out of common decency, after rousing our expectations like that.'

'All right! It isn't private. It's from an aunt of mine.'

'Seems to be a perfect glut of aunts,' said Marriott. 'What views has your representative got to air? Is she springing any jolly little fellow full of spirits on this happy community?'

'No, it's not that. It's only an uncle of mine who's coming down here. He's coming tomorrow, and I'm to meet him. The uncanny part of it is that I've never heard of him before in my life.'

'That reminds me of a story I heard—' began Reece slowly. Reece's observations were not frequent, but when they came, did so for the most part in anecdotal shape. Somebody was constantly doing something which reminded him of something he had heard somewhere from somebody. The unfortunate part of it was that he exuded these reminiscences at such a leisurely rate of speed that he was rarely known to succeed in finishing any of them. He resembled those serial stories which appear in papers destined at a moderate price to fill an obvious void, and which break off abruptly at the third chapter, owing to the premature decease of the said periodicals. On this occasion Marriott cut in with a few sage remarks on the subject of uncles as a class. 'Uncles,' he said, 'are tricky. You never know where you've got 'em. You think they're going to come out strong with a sovereign, and they make it a shilling without a blush. An uncle of mine once gave me a threepenny bit. If it hadn't been that I didn't wish to hurt his feelings, I should have flung it at his feet. Also I particularly wanted threepence at the moment. Is your uncle likely to do his duty, Bishop?'

'I tell you I don't know the man. Never heard of him. I thought I knew every uncle on the list, but I can't place this one. However, I suppose I shall have to meet him.'

'Rather,' said Marriott, as they went into the House; 'we should always strive to be kind, even to the very humblest. On the off chance, you know. The unknown may have struck it rich in sheep or something out in Australia. Most uncles come from Australia. Or he may be the boss of some trust, and wallowing in dollars. He may be anything. Let's go and brew, Bishop. Come on, Reece.'

'I don't mind watching you two chaps eat,' said Gethryn, 'but I can't join in myself. I have assimilated three pounds odd of the Headmagisterial muffins already this afternoon. Don't mind me, though.'

They went upstairs to Marriott's study, which was also Gethryn's. Two in a study was the rule at Beckford, though there were recluses who lived alone, and seemed to enjoy it.

When the festive board had ceased to groan, and the cake, which Marriott's mother had expected to last a fortnight, had been reduced to a mere wreck of its former self, the thought of his aunt's friend's friend's son returned to Marriott, and he went down to investigate, returning shortly afterwards unaccompanied, but evidently full of news.

'Well?' said Gethryn. 'Hasn't he come?'

'A little,' said Marriott, 'just a little. I went down to the fags' room, and when I opened the door I noticed a certain weird stillness in the atmosphere. There is usually a row going on that you could cut with a knife. I looked about. The room was apparently empty. Then I observed a quaint object on the horizon. Do you know one Skinner by any chance?'

'My dear chap!' said Gethryn. Skinner was a sort of juvenile, a Napoleon of crime. He reeked of crime. He revelled in his wicked deeds. If a Dormitory-prefect was kept awake at night by some diabolically ingenious contrivance for combining the minimum of risk with the maximum of noise, then it was Skinner who had engineered the thing. Again, did a master, playing nervously forward on a bad pitch at the nets to Gosling, the School fast bowler, receive the ball gaspingly in the small ribs, and look round to see whose was that raucous laugh which had greeted the performance, he would observe a couple of yards away Skinner, deep in conversation with some friend of equally villainous aspect. In short, in a word, the only adequate word, he was Skinner.

'Well?' said Reece.

'Skinner,' proceeded Marriott, 'was seated in a chair, bleeding freely into a rather dirty pocket-handkerchief. His usual genial smile was hampered by a cut lip, and his right eye was blacked in the most graceful and pleasing manner. I made tender inquiries, but could get nothing from him except grunts. So I departed, and just outside the door I met young Lee, and got the facts out of him. It appears that P. V. Wilson, my aunt's friend's friend's son, entered the fags' room at four-fifteen. At four-fifteen-and-a-half, punctually, Skinner was observed to be trying to rag him. Apparently the great Percy has no sense of humour, for at four-seventeen he got tired of it, and hit Skinner crisply in the right eyeball, blacking the same as per illustration. The subsequent fight raged gorily for five minutes odd, and then Wilson, who seems to be a professional pugilist in disguise, landed what my informant describes as three corkers on his opponent's proboscis. Skinner's reply was to sit down heavily on the floor, and give him to understand that the fight was over, and that for the next day or two his face would be closed for alterations and repairs. Wilson thereupon harangued the company in well-chosen terms, tried to get Skinner to shake hands, but failed, and finally took the entire crew out to the shop, where they made pigs of themselves at his expense. I have spoken.'

'And that's the kid you've got to look after,' said Reece, after a pause.

'Yes,' said Marriott. 'What I maintain is that I require a kid built on those lines to look after me. But you ought to go down and see Skinner's eye sometime. It's a beautiful bit of work.'

title: A Prefect's Uncle/Chapter 1