text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/314

 and forts. In 1851 he was again aide-de-camp to Colin Campbell in the operations against the Momund tribe, on the north-west frontier (medal). He became major 98th foot in 1853, and lieutenant-colonel in 1854. In June 1855 he exchanged to the 1st royals, went out to the Crimea with drafts, and assumed command of the first battalion of the regiment, with which he was present at the siege and fall of Sebastopol (medal and clasp). Afterwards he was brigade-major of the highland brigade under Colin Campbell at Balaclava. On the evacuation of the Crimea Haythorne returned home, and subsequently proceeded to Hongkong, in command of the second battalion of his regiment. In 1859 he was nominated chief of the staff of the army forming there for service in the north of China, and had the sole responsibility of the organisation of the force until the arrival of Sir [q. v.] in March 1860. Haythorne's services were several times mentioned in despatches, and were especially recognised by Lord Herbert, the secretary of state for war, when proposing a vote of thanks to the China troops (Parl. Debates, 3rd ser. clxi. 366–75). Haythorne was adjutant-general in Bengal from 1860 to 1865, when he went on half-pay. His old chief Clyde spoke with affection of him on his deathbed: ‘Remember me to Sutherland—and to Haythorne. Good Haythorne, brave Haythorne, as modest as he is brave’ (, ii. 470).

Haythorne became a major-general in 1868, and K.C.B. in 1873. In 1879 he was made a full general, and was appointed colonel 1st battalion Hampshire regiment (late 67th foot). He married, in 1862, Eliza, fourth daughter of the late J. Thomas of Bletsoe Castle, Bedfordshire. He died at Silchester House, Reading, on 18 Oct. 1888.

HAYTLEY, EDWARD (d. 1762?), painter, presented in 1746 to the new western wing of the Foundling Hospital two views by himself of Chelsea and Bethlehem Hospitals. With the other artists who presented works of their own at the same time, Haytley was elected a governor of the hospital. From their annual meetings arose the first public exhibition of the works of English artists in 1760, to which Haytley sent ‘A Boy giving a Bunch of Grapes to his Brother’ and a lady's portrait. He sent three portraits to the exhibition in 1761, but, as his name does not occur again, he probably died about that time. He painted a well-known full-length portrait of Mrs. Woffington, which was engraved in mezzotint by J. Faber, junior, in 1731, and the head separately in similar style by C. Spooner.

HAYWARD, ABRAHAM (1801–1884), essayist, was descended from an old Wiltshire family. His grandfather owned a small property at Hillcott, North Newton. His father, Joseph (d. 24 Dec. 1844)—writer of ‘The Science of Horticulture’ (1818) and ‘The Science of Agriculture’ (1825)—sold the property and went to live at Wilton, near Salisbury, where in 1799 he married Mary, daughter of Richard Abraham of White Lackington in Somerset. There Abraham, their eldest son, was born on 22 Nov. 1801. From about 1807 to February 1811 Hayward was at Bath as private pupil to Francis Twiss, whose wife was a sister of Mrs. Siddons. From 1811 till January 1817 he was at Blundell's school at Tiverton, where he learned to swim and to fish, took a moderate place in the school, and suffered from the severe discipline and spare diet. After a couple of years spent at home under a private tutor, he was articled in September 1818 to George Tuson, solicitor, of Northover, afterwards of Ilchester in Somerset, a bookish man, in whose library Hayward read widely. On the expiration of his articles he abandoned the profession of solicitor, and entered himself as student of the Inner Temple in October 1824. He was then almost without friends in London. As a law student he joined the London Debating Society, where he came into contact with many young men who afterwards attained distinction. ‘In the session following, 1826–1827,’ J. S. Mill writes of the society, ‘things began to mend. We had acquired two excellent tory speakers, Hayward and Shee’ (Autobiography, 1873, p. 128). In June 1828 the first number of the ‘Law Magazine, or Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence’ appeared under the joint editorship of W. F. Cornish and Hayward, the latter of whom became sole editor after the fourth number, retaining the position until June 1844. Under his guidance the magazine attained much reputation, and in the course of his editorial duties Hayward gained the acquaintance of many foreign jurists. He paid his first visit to Germany in the autumn of 1831, and was handsomely received at Göttingen, at that time a great centre of legal studies. On his return from his continental tour he printed privately a translation of Goethe's ‘Faust’ into English prose, and published the book through Edward Moxon in February 1833. By this time


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/315

 he had been called to the bar, and chose the western circuit. Lord Lyndhurst acknowledged his obligation to an article by Hayward (see Law Magazine, ix. 392–413) in successfully opposing Brougham's local courts bill in the House of Lords in 1833 (, Life of Lyndhurst, 1884, p. 313). In the autumn of the same year he revisited Germany, and obtained suggestions for a second and enlarged edition of ‘Faust,’ published in January 1834. The book was reviewed in Germany by F. C. Horn, and was the subject of a pamphlet by D. Boileau (1834). Hallam, Southey, Rogers, Allan Cunningham, and many others wrote to congratulate the author, and the work has retained its reputation as a straightforward rendering in prose of the original. Carlyle considered it the best English version.

The success of ‘Faust’ gave Hayward an assured position in society, and he became a frequent contributor to the leading reviews. In August 1834 he made a journey across the Alps into Italy, described in a long and interesting letter addressed to one of his sisters (privately printed at the time, and reproduced in ‘Correspondence,’ i. 22–50). The letter ends with the characteristic remark, ‘I had my usual luck in getting acquainted with interesting people on my way back.’ On 17 Feb. 1835 he was specially elected by the committee a member of the Athenæum. An article in the ‘Quarterly Review’ on Walker's ‘Original’ (February 1836) attracted attention; with another on gastronomy and gastronomers the two were afterwards published under the title of ‘The Art of Dining.’ These essays made Hayward's reputation as an authority on the subject, although he remarked of the first article, ‘I got it up just as I would get up a speech from a brief’ (ib. i. 54). His dinners in his chambers in the Temple were famous for choiceness of fare and distinction of company. Lockhart, Macaulay, Sydney Smith, Lord Lansdowne, Henry Bulwer, George Smythe, Lyndhurst, Hooke, Mrs. Norton, were constant guests.

Between 1838 and 1840 Hayward saw much of Prince Louis Bonaparte, and gave him literary assistance. In 1844 he began to contribute to the ‘Edinburgh Review’ under Macvey Napier. A visit to Paris brought him the acquaintance of Thiers, afterwards a frequent correspondent. Although Hayward had only a moderate professional practice, he was made Q.C. by Lyndhurst early in 1845, but was not elected a bencher of his inn owing to the opposition vote of Roebuck. Hayward bitterly resented the exclusion, and attacked the benchers with his usual energy. He brought the question before the judges, and wrote several pamphlets (1845–1848), which produced others by Neate and T. Falconer. In 1847 he circulated a few copies of extremely commonplace ‘Verses of other Days.’

Hayward began life as a tory, but on the split in the party in 1846 developed into a Peelite and free trader. He first gave expression to his dislike of Disraeli in an article in the ‘Edinburgh Review’ in April 1853. Thinking his political services to the party gave him some claim, he applied for a commissionership under the new Charitable Trusts Act, stating to Sir G. C. Lewis that he had lost a considerable part of his small income on the death of his brother (ib. i. 186). He did not obtain the office, but he was nominated in 1854 by Lord Aberdeen to the post of secretary to the poor law board; the appointment fell through, however, owing to the refusal of Lord Courtenay, who already held the office, to exchange it for a commissionership of woods and forests. He supported the government in the ‘Morning Chronicle’ against the ‘Times’ charges of neglect in the Crimea, and wrote an article on De Bazancourt's ‘Expédition de Crimée,’ which was translated into French, and was circulated on the continent at the special request of Lord Palmerston, to counteract the bad impression raised by De Bazancourt's semi-official publication.

Hayward wrote constantly in the quarterlies, ‘Fraser,’ and other periodicals; one of his best essays being ‘Pearls and Mock Pearls of History,’ in the ‘Quarterly Review’ of April 1861. He endeavoured in a series of trenchant articles in ‘Fraser's Magazine’ to avert the split in Lord Russell's government on the reform question in 1866, and at the commencement of 1868 was engaged on his ‘More about Junius,’ a subject which, like whist, dining, and political memoirs, he considered peculiarly his own. The claims of Francis were stoutly denied, and he told Sir W. Stirling Maxwell ‘that five out of six of the best intellects of my acquaintance think the Franciscan theory rudely shaken if not demolished’ (ib. ii. 176). In 1869 he became a regular contributor to the ‘Quarterly Review,’ after a long retirement, and down to October 1883 wrote an article in each number. ‘The Second Armada, a chapter in future History,’ suggested by the ‘Battle of Dorking,’ was written for the ‘Times’ in 1871. In the same journal, 10 May 1873, appeared a biographical sketch by him of J. S. Mill, including some passages which gave deep offence to Mill's friends. The Rev. Stopford Brooke protested against the statements in a sermon,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:The varieties of religious experience, a study in human nature.djvu/296

280 a universal goodwill, not only of intention, but in act. … She becomes solicitous of the health of other patients, interested in getting them out, desirous to procure wool to knit socks for some of them. Never since she has been under my observation have I heard her in her joyous period utter any but charitable opinions." And later, Dr. Dumas says of all such joyous conditions that "unselfish sentiments and tender emotions are the only affective states to be found in them. The subject's mind is closed against envy, hatred, and vindictiveness, and wholly transformed into benevolence, indulgence, and mercy."

There is thus an organic affinity between joyousness and tenderness, and their companionship in the saintly life need in no way occasion surprise. Along with the happiness, this increase of tenderness is often noted in narratives of conversion. "I began to work for others";—"I had more tender feeling for my family and friends";—"I spoke at once to a person with whom I had been angry";—"I felt for every one, and loved my friends better";—"I felt every one to be my friend";—these are so many expressions from the records collected by Professor Starbuck.

"When," says Mrs. Edwards, continuing the narrative from which I made quotation a moment ago, "I arose on the morning of the Sabbath, I felt a love to all mankind, wholly peculiar in its strength and sweetness, far beyond all that I had ever felt before. The power of that love seemed inexpressible. I thought, if I were surrounded by enemies, who were venting their malice and cruelty upon me, in tormenting me, it would still be impossible that I should cherish any feelings towards them but those of love, and pity, and ardent desires for their happiness. I never before felt so far from a disposition to judge and censure others, as I did that morning. I realized also, in


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/316

 G. J. Holyoake issued a pamphlet, ‘J. S. Mill as some of the working classes knew him,’ and W. D. Christie published ‘J. S. Mill and Mr. Abraham Hayward,’ containing an acrimonious correspondence.

On his return from a visit to Paris in the autumn of 1883, Hayward finished his October ‘Quarterly’ article on Marshal Bugeaud, the last to which he put his pen. He died in his rooms in St. James's Street, 2 Feb. 1884, in his eighty-third year.

Hayward was entirely a self-made man. Disappointed in hopes of legal success and of employment in the public service, he devoted his later life to letters and society. He made many enemies and many sincere friends. With a hasty temper and a shrewdly biting tongue, he was generous at heart. He was not a great or even a good talker, but he was unsurpassed as a teller of anecdotes. His reading, especially in the departments of history and memoirs, was extensive, and his ‘Quarterly’ essays, which seem to be written with a flowing pen, were put together with elaborate care and preparation, and with incessant striving after accuracy in details. He was fond of wire-pulling, but it is doubtful whether the political leaders who corresponded with him took his pretensions quite seriously. His physical aspect at the age of seventy-two, allowing for a touch of caricature, is shown in a cartoon by Pellegrini (Vanity Fair, 27 Nov. 1875). For many years he was a conspicuous figure at the Athenæum Club.

Besides numerous contributions to periodical literature he wrote:
 * 1) ‘Of the Vocation of our age for Legislation and Jurisprudence, translated from the German of F. C. von Savigny,’ London, 1831, 8vo (not for sale).
 * 2) ‘The Statutes founded on the Common Law Reports, with Introductory Observations and Notes,’ London, 1832, sm. 8vo.
 * 3) ‘Faust, a Dramatic Poem, by Goethe, translated into English Prose, with Remarks on former Translations and Notes,’ London, 1833, 8vo (for private distribution); also published in 1833; ‘second edition, to which is appended an abstract of the continuation, with an account of the story of Faust, and the various productions in literature and art founded on it,’ London, 1834, 8vo; various editions down to 1889.
 * 4) ‘Some Account of a Journey across the Alps, in a Letter to a Friend,’ London, 1834, 12mo (for private circulation).
 * 5) ‘Summary of Objections to the Doctrine that a Marriage with the Sister of a Deceased Wife is contrary to Law, Religion, or Morality,’ London, 1839, 8vo (privately printed, afterwards issued in the ‘Law Magazine’).
 * 6) ‘Remarks on the Law regarding Marriage with the Sister of a Deceased Wife,’ London, 1845, 8vo.
 * 7) ‘Verses of other Days,’ London, 1847, sm. 8vo (printed for friends; anonymous; again with additions in 1878).
 * 8) ‘The Ballot for Benchers; by a Templar,’ London, 1848, 8vo (anonymous, privately printed).
 * 9) ‘On the Origin and History of the Benchers of the Inns of Court,’ London, 1848, 8vo.
 * 10) ‘Report of the Proceedings before the Judges as Visitors of the Inns of Court on the Appeal of A. Hayward,’ London, 1848, 8vo.
 * 11) ‘The Art of Dining; or Gastronomy and Gastronomers,’ London, 1852, sm. 8vo (based on articles in ‘Quarterly Review’ for July 1835 and February 1836, with additions).
 * 12) ‘Lord Chesterfield: his Character, Life, and Opinions; and George Selwyn, his Life and Times,’ London, 1854, sm. 8vo (reprinted with a few corrections from ‘Edinburgh Review,’ No. 161, 1844, and No. 166, 1845; in Longman's ‘Traveller's Library’).
 * 13) ‘The Secretaryship of the Poor Law Board: Facts and Proofs against Calumnies and Conjectures,’ London, 1854, 8vo.
 * 14) ‘Juridical Tracts, pt. i., containing Historical Sketch of the Law of Real Property in England; Principles and Practice of Pleading; Historical Sketch of Reform in the Criminal Law,’ London, 1856, 8vo (all published; a second part was advertised, and a third part was announced to consist of a new edition of the translation of Savigny's tract, see No. 1).
 * 15) ‘Specimens of an Authorised Translation from the French,’ London, 1856, 8vo (privately printed; criticism on an incorrect version of De Montalembert's ‘De l'Avenir Politique de l'Angleterre’).
 * 16) ‘Expédition de Crimée: quelques éclaircissements relatifs à l'armée Anglaise,’ Bruxelles, 1857, 8vo (translated from the ‘North British Review;’ it also appeared in German).
 * 17) ‘Biographical and Critical Essays, reprinted from Reviews, with Additions and Corrections,’ London, 1858, 2 vols. 8vo; a new series, 1873, 2 vols. 8vo; 3rd series, 1874, 8vo (the last with much additional matter; five volumes in all, the ‘Sketches’ (see No. 27) are supplementary).
 * 18) ‘Autobiography, Letters, and Literary Remains of Mrs. Piozzi (Thrale), edited with Notes and an Introductory Account of her Life and Writings,’ London, 1861, 2 vols. cr. 8vo (two editions, the second greatly improved).
 * 19) ‘Mr. Kinglake and the Quarterlys, by an Old Reviewer,’ London, 1863, 8vo (anonymous; also issued ‘not for sale’).
 * 20) ‘Diaries of a Lady of Quality [Miss F. W. Wynn] from 1797 to 1844, edited with Notes,’ London, 1864, cr. 8vo (two editions).
 * 21) ‘More about Junius; the Franciscan Theory Unsound; reprinted


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/317

 :: from “Fraser's Magazine,” with Additions,’ London, 1868, 8vo.
 * 1) ‘The Second Armada: a Chapter of Future History,’ London, 1871, sm. 8vo.
 * 2) ‘John Stuart Mill, reprinted from the “Times” of 10 May 1873,’ 8vo (privately printed; Hayward also circulated a letter to the Rev. Stopford Brooke on the subject).
 * 3) ‘The Handwriting of Junius,’ reproduced from the ‘Times’ in a pamphlet by H. A. W. ‘The Evidence of Handwriting,’ Cambridge [U. S.], 1874, 8vo.
 * 4) ‘Goethe,’ London, 1878, sm. 8vo (in Mrs. Oliphant's ‘Foreign Classics for English Readers’).
 * 5) ‘Selected Essays,’ London, 1878, 2 vols. sm. 8vo (chosen from the three series No. 17).
 * 6) ‘Sketches of Eminent Statesmen and Writers, with other Essays reprinted from the “Quarterly Review,” with Additions and Corrections,’ London, 1880, 2 vols. 8vo (supplementary to No. 17).
 * 7) ‘A Selection from the Correspondence of Abraham Hayward, Q.C., from 1834 to 1884, with an Account of his Early Life, edited by H. E. Carlisle,’ London, 1886, 2 vols. 8vo.

HAYWARD, JOHN (1564?–1627), historian, was born about 1564 at or near Felixstowe, Suffolk, where he was educated. A portrait engraved by W. Hole, and published with Hayward's ‘Sanctuarie’ in 1616, bears above it the figures ‘52,’ apparently a reference to his age. He graduated B.A. 1580–1 and M.A. 1584 from Pembroke College, Cambridge, and afterwards proceeded LL.D. Early in 1599 he published an elaborate account of the first year of Henry IV's reign, including a description of the deposition of Richard II. It is entered on the ‘Stationers' Registers’ (ed. Arber, iii. 134), 9 Jan. 1598–9, and was dedicated (in Latin), in terms of extravagant laudation, to Essex, just before his appointment as lord deputy of Ireland. It was afterwards said that the manuscript had been in Essex's hand a fortnight before publication. The story of Richard II's deposition long exercised a mysterious fascination over Essex, and Essex's enemies at court easily excited the suspicion in the queen's mind that Hayward, under the guise of an historical treatise, was criticising her own policy and hinting at what might possibly befall her in the future. The suspicion was hardly justified. Hayward does not vindicate Henry IV, but fairly lays before his readers the arguments for and against his accession; and when dedicating to James I at a later date a treatise on the royal succession, he asserted that in his earlier work he had argued against the right of the people to depose their sovereign. It is certainly difficult now to detect any veiled reference to Elizabethan politics in the volume. Chamberlain, writing of its publication (1 March 1598–9), describes it as ‘reasonably well-written,’ and the author as ‘a young man of Cambridge toward the civil law;’ but he adds: ‘Here [i.e. in London] hath been much descanting about it, why such a story should come at this time, and many exceptions taken, especially to the Epistle [to Essex].’ Finally, Chamberlain says, directions were given for the removal of the dedication, in which he admits he failed to find anything objectionable (, Letters, Camd. Soc., pp. 47–8). Bacon declared that Essex wrote a formal letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, desiring him to call in the book after it had been published a week. The queen, however, was not easily satisfied, and suggested to Bacon that there might be ‘places in it that might be drawn within case of treason.’ Bacon answered that Hayward had borrowed so many passages from Tacitus that there might be ground for prosecuting him for felony, but he could find no treasonable language (, Apophthegms, 58). Nevertheless Hayward was brought before the Star-chamber and imprisoned. The queen, obstinately adhering to her first impression, even argued that Hayward was pretending to be the author in order to shield ‘some more mischievous’ person, and that he should be racked so that he might disclose the truth. Bacon deprecated this procedure, but he appeared as counsel for the crown against Essex at York House (5 June 1600), and, to curry favour with the queen, urged that the earl had aggravated his offences by accepting Hayward's dedication. Reference was made to Essex's connection with the volume in the official ‘directions’ expounding Essex's crimes issued by the government to preachers during his imprisonment.


text:
Page:The varieties of religious experience, a study in human nature.djvu/297

Rh an unusual and very lively manner, how great a part of Christianity lies in the performance of our social and relative duties to one another. The same joyful sense continued throughout the day—a sweet love to God and all mankind."

Whatever be the explanation of the charity, it may efface all usual human barriers.

Here, for instance, is an example of Christian non-resistance from Richard Weaver's autobiography. Weaver was a collier, a semi-professional pugilist in his younger days, who became a much beloved evangelist. Fighting, after drinking, seems to have been the sin to which he originally felt his flesh most perversely inclined. After his first conversion he had a backsliding, which consisted in pounding a man who had insulted a girl. Feeling that, having once fallen, he might as well be hanged for a sheep as for a lamb, he got drunk and went and broke the jaw of another man who had lately challenged him to fight and taunted him with cowardice for refusing as a Christian man;—I mention these incidents to show how genuine a change of heart is implied in the later conduct which he describes as follows:—


text:
Page:McCosh, John - Advice to Officers in India (1856).djvu/23

 for horses and camels; beasts of burden as well as stalwart men. Its climate and seasons embrace all varieties, from the tropics to the arctic regions; from the pestiferous Savannahs to the most healthy hills. The face of the country is diversified by the most extensive plains and the loftiest mountains in the world; intersected by the mightiest navigable rivers; with a fertility unknown in temperate countries; where vegetation is never suspended; but a series of crops innumerable double upon one another from one end of the year to another.

2. GOVERNMENT.—The Government of this mighty empire may be classed under two different heads: viz., the home authorities, and those resident in India. Under the former are placed the Board of Control and the Court of Directors; under the latter, the Governor-General of India, the Governors of Bengal, of Madras, of Bombay, of Agra, of the Punjaub, of Oude, and of the Straits of Malacca; each of these delegating his authority, viz., the collection of the revenue and the preservation of the peace, to innumerable commissioners,collectors, judges and magistrates, and downwards through the native grades to the peon or policeman of a village.

3. CIVIL AND MILITAEY ESTABLISHMENTS.—The armies of the three presidencies of Bengal, Madras and Bombay are as distinct as their


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/320

H the theatrical manager Rich to rewrite a manuscript tragedy, in blank verse, entitled ‘The Fair Captive,’ by a Captain Hurst. Her version was acted without success at Lincoln's Inn Fields Theatre on 4 March 1721, with Quin in the chief part (Mustapha), and it was published in the same year with a dedication to Lord Gage (cf., iii. 59–60). Two years later she wrote a comedy, ‘A Wife to be Lett.’ This was acted at Drury Lane, 12 Aug. 1723, and in the absence (it was stated), through indisposition, of the actress to whom the heroine's part (Mrs. Graspall) was assigned, Mrs. Haywood herself undertook that rôle, and also spoke the epilogue (ib. iii. 113–14). The piece was published in 1724. Once again she tempted fortune with a tragedy, ‘Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburgh,’ which was acted at Lincoln's Inn Fields, 4 March 1729 (ib. iii. 241–2), and published immediately afterwards, with a dedication to Frederick, prince of Wales, and a disclaimer of any intention of reflecting on current politics. Her only other association with the theatre was as collaborator with William Hatchett in the libretto of ‘Opera of Operas, or Tom Thumb the Great … set to music … by Mr. Lampe,’ an adaptation of Fielding's ‘Tragedy of Tragedies,’ which was successfully performed at the Haymarket and Drury Lane theatres in 1733 (ib. iii. 408).

Meanwhile Mrs. Haywood had become known as a voluminous writer of fiction. Her earliest novels dealt conventionally, if at times somewhat licentiously, with the trials and temptations of virtuous ladies. She wrote clearly and brightly, and her books sold rapidly. ‘Love in Excess, or the Fatal Enquiry’ reached a fifth edition in 1724. In the same year appeared ‘A Spy on the Conjurer, or a Collection of … Stories with … Letters’ relating to Duncan Campbell [q. v.], ‘revised by Mrs. Eliz. Haywood.’ This work has been wrongly claimed for Defoe. It was doubtless concocted wholly by Mrs. Haywood (cf., Life of Defoe, i. 327). In 1725 appeared her ‘Tea Table, or a Conversation between some polite Persons of both Sexes at a Lady's Visiting Day,’ and there, as in her novel of the ‘Injur'd Husband, or Mistaken Resentment’ (Dublin, 1724), she warned her readers in an advertisement that she had ‘no particular persons or families in view.’ But in her ‘Memoirs of a certain Island adjacent to Utopia, written by a celebrated author of that country. Now translated into English’ (London, 1725, 2 vols. 8vo), she introduced many scandalous episodes, and appended a ‘key’ in which the fictitious names in her narrative were identified with well-known living persons (through their initials). The success of ‘Utopia’ led Mrs. Haywood to produce in 1727 a similar work, ‘The Secret History of the Present Intrigues of the Court of Caramania,’ also with a ‘key.’ These two ‘most scandalous’ works excited the wrath of Pope, and some of the bitterest and coarsest lines in the ‘Dunciad’ (1728) ridicule Mrs. Haywood (bk. ii. ll. 157 sq.). In the early editions Pope represents her as one of the prizes for which Curll and Chapman, the publisher of her ‘Utopia,’ race against each other. In the final edition Osborne's name was substituted for Chapman's, but in all Mrs. Haywood is won by Curll. In a note on the passage, Pope describes her as one of those ‘shameless scribblers … who, in libellous memoirs and novels, reveal the faults or misfortunes of both sexes, to the ruin of public fame or disturbance of private happiness.’ Mrs. Haywood seems to have mildly retaliated by contributing a few pages to the ‘Female Dunciad,’ 1729 (a collection of scurrilous attacks on Pope made by Curll). Mrs. Haywood there speaks well of Curll, but despite Pope's assumption that Curll and Mrs. Haywood were closely associated in business, their only connection seems to have sprung from a desire to avenge themselves on Pope. Pope's attack was repeated by his friends. Swift wrote of her (26 Oct. 1731) to the Countess of Suffolk, who seems to have feared her pen, as a ‘stupid, infamous, scribbling woman’ (, Works, ed. Scott, xvii. 430). Lord Peterborough, in a letter to Lady Mary Wortley Montagu in 1735, denied that Pope referred to Lady Mary in a well-known passage in his first satire. He represented that Pope had assured him that such women as Mrs. Centlivre, Mrs. Haywood, Mrs. Manley, and Mrs. Behn were alone the objects of his satire (, Works, ed. Elwin and Courthope, iii. 279). Horace Walpole wrote contemptuously of her as the counterpart of Mrs. Behn on 10 June 1743 (Letters, ed. Cunningham, i. 251). Mrs. Haywood's later works of fiction were for the most part inoffensive, although she has been credited with one later effort in slanderous literature, viz. ‘The Fortunate Foundlings, being the Genuine History of Colonel M—rs and his sister Madame de P—y, the issue of the Hon. Ch—s. M—rs, son of the late Duke of R—l—d,’ 1744, 12mo ( and ).

In an advertisement appended to vol. i. of ‘The Virtuous Villager, or Virgin's Victory, being the Memoirs of a Great Lady at the Court of France, written by herself’ (London, 1742, 2 vols. 8vo: a translation by Mrs.


text:
Page:McCosh, John - Advice to Officers in India (1856).djvu/24

, and differ nearly as widely as if they belonged to different kingdoms. Each presidency has its own commander-in-chief, its own grade of promotion, its own dress, its own code of laws and regulations; even its own language; and unless on the frontier, or on general field service, the armies do not come in contact, nor interchange duties. The European officers are picked men who enter the service as a profession for life,with honours and preferment held out as rewards for professional zeal and talent.

4. QUALIFICATIONS AND APPOINTMENTS.—All appointments to the Service were, till lately, made either by the Board of Control or the Directors. At certain seasons of the year, an estimate was made of the probable vacancies. These were portioned out amongst the Home Authorities, who selected their own candidates. Those destined for the Civil Service had to undergo an efficient preparatory education at Haileybury, those for the military at Addiscombe. Chaplains had to receive their license from Oxford or Cambridge, whilst Assistant-surgeons had to receive their diploma from the royal colleges of London, Edinburgh, or Dublin. Lately these rules have undergone great changes; Haileybury is now abolished as a preparatory college, and the wants of the Civil Service are supplied by public competition; candidates, educated wherever they please,


text:
Page:Malabari, Behramji M. - Gujarat and the Gujaratis (1882).djvu/24

8 fortune having vanished so suddenly and so cruelly.

But crushing as the disappointment was, it enabled me to cast about for some equally powerful distraction. I had long cherished the hope of visiting Gujarát and Káttywár with some definite business views. And having at this juncture received an offer from a friend, I accepted it thankfully.

This personal explanation has been given, reader, to warn you against expecting too much from my book. Now that you know me, I know you will not be too exacting. If you are curious to revel in the luxury of deep and learned research, I must frankly refer you to Oriental Memoirs, Forbes, Briggs, Ferishta, and such others, with whom my acquaintance is slightest of slight, barely sufficient to make me know my place. If you want to refresh, and at the same time to enlighten your mind, you had better turn to the picturesque details of the gifted padre Heber. Should you wish to have correct statistics and authenticated accounts, I could safely recommend


text:
Page:The varieties of religious experience, a study in human nature.djvu/548

532 Medical materialism, 10 ff. Melancholy, 145, 279; Lectures V and VI, passim; cases of, 148, 149, 157, 159, 198. Melting moods, 267. Method of judging value of religion, 18, 327. Methodism, 227, 237. , 395. Militarism, 365-367. Military type of character, 371. , 204. Mind-cure, its sources and history, 94-97; its opinion of fear, 98; cases of, 102-105, 120, 123; its message, 108; its methods, 112-123; it uses verification, 120-124; its philosophy of evil, 131. Miraculous character of conversion, 227. , 341, 481., 130. , 264, 367. Monasteries, 296. Monism, 416. Morbidness compared with healthy-mindedness, 488. See, also, Melancholy. Mormon revelations, 482. Mortification, see Asceticism. , 482., 497. , 468. , 349. , 233, 234, 466, 511, 524. Mystic states, their effects, 21, 414. Mystical experiences, 66. Mysticism, Lectures XVI and XVII, passim; its marks, 380; its theoretic results, 416, 422, 428; it cannot warrant truth, 422; its results, 425; its relation to the sense of union, 509. Mystical region of experience, 515.

Natural theology, 492. Naturalism, 141, 167. Nature, scientific view of, 491. Negative accounts of deity, 417. , 208, 423., 215. ., 80. ., on dogmatic theology, 434, 442; his type of imagination, 459. , 371, 372. Nitrous oxide, its mystical effects, 387. No-function, 261-263, 299, 387, 416. Non-resistance, 281, 358, 376.

Obedience, 310. , 476., 257. Omit, 296. 'Once-born' type, 80, 166, 363, 488. Oneness with God, see Union. Optimism, systematic, 88; and evolutionism, 91; it may be shallow, 364. Orderliness of world, 438. Organism determines all mental states whatsoever, 14. Origin of mental states no criterion of their value, 14 ff. Orison, 406. Over-beliefs, 513; the author's, 515. Over-soul, 516. Oxford, graduate of, 220, 268.

Pagan feeling, 86. Pantheism, 131, 416. , 83., 286. , 359. , 171, 357. , 253. , 444. Penny, 323. , 505. Persecutions, 338, 342. Personality, explained away by science, 119, 491; heterogeneous, 169; alterations of, 193, 210 ff.; is reality, 499. See Character. , 360., 481. Philosophy, Lecture XVIII, passim; must coerce assent, 433; scholastic, 439; idealistic, 448; unable to give a theoretic warrant to faith, 455; its true office in religion, 455. Photisms, 251. Piety, 339 ff. Pluralism, 131. Polytheism, 131, 526. Poverty, 315, 367. 'Pragmatism,' 444, 519, 522-524. Prayer, 463; its definition, 464; its essence, 465; petitional, 467; its effects, 474-477, 523. 'Presence,' sense of, 58-63. Presence of God, 66-72, 272, 275 ff., 396, 418. Presence of God, the practice of, 116. Primitive human thought, 495. , 454. Prophets, the Hebrew, 479. Protestant theology, 244. Protestantism and Catholicism, 114, 227, 330, 461. Providential leading, 472. Psychopathy and religion, 22 ff.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/321

H Haywood from the Chevalier Mouhi's ‘Le Paysan Parvenu’), ‘Eliza Haywood’ is described as a publisher at the sign of ‘Fame’ in Covent Garden. Only two books appear on her list of publications, and her career in the profession was probably brief. Between 1744 and 1746, in association with some friends, she issued in twenty-four monthly parts ‘The Female Spectator,’ a collection of moral tales and reflections. It was reissued in 4 vols. with a frontispiece, showing four ladies seated at a table (1745–6), and the volumes were dedicated respectively to the duchesses of Leeds, Bedford, and Queensberry, and the Duchess-dowager of Manchester. There followed a like venture, ‘The Parrot, with a Compendium of the Times,’ nine numbers of a periodical issued weekly between 2 Aug. and 4 Oct. 1746. To one of Mrs. Haywood's later novels—‘The History of Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy’ (1753, 12mo, 3 vols.; another edit. 1785, 8vo)—Sir Walter Scott refers at the close of his ‘Old Mortality,’ and makes an old lady praise it as being ‘indeed pathos itself.’ Mrs. Haywood's latest works were ‘The Wife, by Mira, one of the authors of the “Female Spectator,”’ London, 1756, 12mo, and ‘The Husband in Answer to the Wife,’ London, 1756, 12mo. Mrs. Haywood died, after an illness of three months, apparently in London, on 25 Feb. 1756.

A collected edition of the novels, plays, and poems which Mrs. Haywood had written at the time appeared in 1724 in four volumes. To it was prefixed her portrait by Kirkall, to which Pope makes contemptuous allusion in the ‘Dunciad.’ Another portrait by Parmentier was engraved by Vertue. In 1725 appeared her ‘Secret Histories, Novels, and Poems,’ a shorter collection (2 vols.), dedicated to Steele.

Besides the works already mentioned Mrs. Haywood published (all in London): 1. ‘The British Recluse, or the Secret History of Cleomira, suppos'd dead,’ 1722, 8vo; 3rd edit., Dublin, 1724. 2. ‘Idalia, or the Unfortunate Mistress,’ 1723. 3. ‘Lassellia, or the Self-Abandon'd,’ 1724. 4. ‘The Rash Resolve, or the Untimely Resolve,’ 1724. 5. ‘Letters of a Lady of Quality to a Chevalier,’ 1724. 6. ‘Poems on several occasions,’ 1724. 7. ‘The Surprise,’ 1725. 8. ‘The Fatal Secret,’ 1725. 9. ‘Fantomima, or Love in a Maze,’ 1725. 10. ‘Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, being the Secret History of her Life. Translated from the French,’ London, 1725, 8vo. 11. ‘The Disguis'd Prince, or the Beautiful Parisian,’ 1728 (from the French). 12. ‘The Fair Hebrew,’ anon., 1729. 13. ‘Persecuted Virtue, or the Cruel Lover,’ anon., 1729. (This and the former book are ascribed to Mrs. Haywood in an advertisement-sheet in her tragedy of ‘Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburgh.’) 14. ‘Love Letters on all occasions. Lately passed between persons of Distinction,’ 1730, 8vo. 15. ‘La Belle Assemblée, a curious collection of some very remarkable incidents which happened to Persons of Quality; translated from the French of Mdme. de Gomez,’ 1732 (?), 4th edit. 4 vols. 12mo. 16. ‘L'Entretien des Beaux Esprits,’ a sequel to ‘La Belle Assemblée,’ containing twelve novels, 1734, 2 vols., dedicated to Charles Seymour, duke of Somerset. 17. ‘The Unfortunate Princess [of Ijaveo], interspersed with several curious and entertaining Novels,’ London, 1741, dedicated to the Duchess-dowager of Marlborough. 18. ‘A Present for a Servant Maid, or the sure means of gaining Love and Esteem,’ 1743, 8vo. 19. ‘The Fruitless Enquiry. Being a Collection of several entertaining Histories and Occurrences which fell under the Observation of a Lady in her search after Happiness,’ 1747, 12mo, dedicated to Lady Elizabeth Germain. 20. ‘The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless,’ 1751, 12mo, 4 vols.; another edit. 1783, 8vo. 21. ‘Invisible Spy’. 22. ‘Adventures of Nature’ (ib.) 23. ‘Epistles for the Ladies,’ 2 vols. (ib.) 24. ‘History of Leonora Meadowson,’ 1788, 12mo, 2 vols.

HAYWOOD, WILLIAM (1600?–1663), royalist divine, born about 1600 in Ballance Street, Bristol, was the son of a cooper. He matriculated at Oxford as a scholar of St. John's College on 15 Nov. 1616, and proceeded B.A. on 11 May 1620, and M.A. on 16 April 1624, commencing B.D. on 12 May 1630 (, Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 392, 415, 456). He became a fellow of his college; was created D.D. in 1636 (ib. i. 495), and attracted the favour of Laud. He became one of Laud's domestic chaplains, and chaplain in ordinary to Charles I. ‘I preferred him not to his majesty,’ Laud wrote, ‘till he had preached divers times ge,in court with great approbation’ (, Works, iv. 295). Haywood was afterwards prebendary of St. Paul's on 21 Nov. 1631 (, Fasti, ed. Hardy, ii. 376); rector of Laindon, Essex, on 8 Dec.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/329

H Malthus …,’ 1807. 6. ‘A New and Improved Grammar of the English Tongue … in which the discoveries of Mr. Horne Tooke … are for the first time incorporated. To which is added a New Guide to the English Tongue … by Edward Baldwin’ (i.e. William Godwin), 1810. 7. ‘Memoir of Thos. Holcroft, written by himself and …’ continued by Hazlitt, 1816. 8. ‘The Round Table,’ first published in forty-eight numbers in the ‘Examiner,’ January 1815 to January 1817. Leigh Hunt wrote twelve of these, and an anonymous writer one; the collected edition omitted some, and in the third edition (1841) by his son three were added from the ‘Liberal,’ and others transferred to new editions of other works. 9. ‘Characters of Shakespeare's Plays,’ 1817, 1818, 1838, 1848, 1858; reproduced at Boston, Mass., in 1838. 10. ‘A Review of the English Stage; or a Series of Dramatic Criticisms,’ 1818, 1821, 1851 (with new matter and omissions, reprinted from various papers, 1814–17). 11. ‘Lectures on the English Poets,’ 1818, 1819, and 1841 (with an essay from the ‘Round Table’ on ‘Love of the Country,’ and an appendix of additional papers). 12. ‘Lectures on the English Comic Writers,’ 1819 and 1841. 13. ‘Letter to William Gifford, Esq.,’ 1819. 14. ‘Political Essays, with Sketches of Public Characters,’ 1819; 2nd edition 1822. 15. ‘Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth,’ 1821 (two edits.), 1840. 16. ‘Table Talk; or Original Essays on Men and Manners,’ 1821–2, 1824, 1845–6; (with two new essays) 1857. 17. ‘Liber Amoris, or the New Pygmalion,’ 1823 (new edit. by R. Le Gallienne, 1894). 18. ‘Sketches of the principal Picture Galleries in England, with a criticism on “Marriage à la Mode”’ (partly from ‘London Mag.’), 1824; with new papers 1843–4 as ‘Criticisms on Art.’ 19. ‘Characteristics, in the manner of Rochefoucauld's Maxims,’ 1823, 1827. 20. ‘The Spirit of the Age; or Contemporary Portraits,’ 1825, 1835, 1858. 21. ‘The Plain Speaker; or Opinions on Books, Men, and Things,’ 1826 and 1851. 22. ‘Notes of a Journey through France and Italy …,’ 1826 (from ‘Morning Chronicle’). 23. ‘The Life of Napoleon Buonaparte,’ vols. i. and ii. 1828, vols. iii. and iv. 1830, and 4 vols. 1852. 24. ‘Conversations of James Northcote, Esq., R.A.,’ 1830 (new edit. by E. Gosse, 1894). Posthumous collections by his son were: 1. ‘Painting and the Fine Arts …,’ from ‘Encyclopædia Brit.,’ 7th edit. 2. ‘Winterslow; Essays and Characters written there,’ 1839. 3. ‘Sketches and Essays now first Collected,’ 1839; new edit. 1852 as ‘Men and Manners; Sketches and Essays by William Hazlitt’ (Nos. 2 and 3 include some of his best essays). 4. ‘Literary Remains,’ with memoir by his son, and estimates by E. L. Bulwer and Serjeant Talfourd, 2 vols., 1836.

A selection of speeches at county meetings in 1821 and 1822 has been ascribed to Hazlitt, but, according to Mr. W. C. Hazlitt, erroneously. He had a share with Lamb and Procter in the ‘Selections from the English Poets’ (1824), which was withdrawn in consequence of copyright difficulties, and reissued, with omissions, with Hazlitt's name on the title page, in 1825. He had also some part in putting together the confused ‘Life of Titian … by James Northcote,’ 1830. A excellent selection from his writings was published in 1889 as ‘William Hazlitt, Essayist and Critic,’ by Mr. Alexander Ireland.

Memoirs of William Hazlitt by [his grandson] W. Carew Hazlitt, 2 vols. 1867; Memoir by Ireland prefixed to ‘William Hazlitt’ (see above); Talfourd's Final Memorials of Lamb, chap. ix.; Lamb's Letters (ed. Ainger and ed. Lucas); Cyrus Redding's Past Celebrities, i. 75–101; Haydon's Autobiography, 1853, i. 209–11, 224, 279, 342, 346; H. C. Robinson's Diaries, i. 63, 68, 300, 368–71, 380, 461, ii. 36, 39, 258; Patmore's My Friends and Acquaintances, vols. ii. and iii.; Essays by Bulwer and Talfourd. prefixed to Literary Remains, 1836; Procter's Autobiographical Fragments, 1873, pp. 167–82; De Quincey's Works, 1862, xi. 297–312; Macvey Napier's Correspondence, pp. 21, 70, 199, 256.]  HEAD, EDMUND WALKER (1805–1868), baronet, colonial governor, only son of the Rev. Sir John Head, bart., M.A., of Boughton, perpetual curate of Egerton, Kent, and rector of Rayleigh, Essex, by Jane, only child and heiress of Thomas Walker of London, was born in 1805. He was educated at Winchester, and matriculated at Oriel College, Oxford, 11 June 1823. He took a first class in classics, and graduated B.A. in 1827, and M.A. in 1830. He was elected to a fellowship at Merton College in 1830, which he retained till 1837, and at the same time was appointed principal of the postmasters and tutor, and in 1839 was a university examiner. In 1835 he entered at Lincoln's Inn, but was never called to the bar. In 1831 he formed a close friendship with George Cornewall Lewis, through Edward Villiers, Lewis's brother-in-law, which lasted till Lewis's death. They travelled together in Germany in 1835, maintained a constant and close correspondence, and after Lewis's death Head in 1864 edited his ‘Essays on


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/328

H A miniature portrait was taken of Hazlitt when a child in America. His brother took a miniature portrait of him in 1791, oil portraits at the ages of nineteen and thirty, and a miniature on ivory about 1808. Bewick made a chalk drawing of him in Scotland in 1822; and late in life he made a portrait of himself. A cast was taken after death, from which and some portraits Joseph Durham [q. v.] made a bust (, i. xvii). He appears as an ‘investigator’ in Haydon's picture of ‘Christ's Entry into Jerusalem.’ His face was eminently intellectual, with a very fine brow and a sensitive and expressive mouth. His appearance was injured by his slovenly dress. Though fragile in appearance he was a good fives-player, and could walk forty or fifty miles a day (, iii. 65).

Hazlitt's habits are fully described, perhaps with some over-colouring, by Patmore. A morbid self-consciousness, or, as Patmore calls it, an ‘ingrained selfishness’ (i. 272), clouded his life. He suffered from an exaggerated shyness; his domestic troubles deprived him of a home, and his easiness in taking offence made him solitary. ‘I have quarrelled,’ he says, ‘with almost all my old friends’ (‘Pleasures of Hating’ in the Plain Speaker). In his last years he visited no one except the Basil Montagus, Northcote, Leigh Hunt, and Patmore. He fancied that footmen thought him unfit to appear in a drawing-room, and that if his servants neglected him they must have read the attacks in ‘Blackwood’ (, ii. 352). He had many passing adorations for women, and yet was ill at ease with them, and even resented their intended favours as affronts (ib. ii. 301). He was inclined to suspect his friends of abusing him behind his back. He often retorted supposed offences by allusions in his essays, which if not clear enough he took care to explain. Patmore dwells upon the diabolical scowl which resented abuse of Napoleon or any insult to his pet sensibilities. His excessive touchiness was stimulated by the brutal abuse of political antagonists. When at his ease he could talk admirably and with genuine frankness. He was welcome at Lamb's Wednesday evenings, till their intimacy declined, and at the Southampton Coffee-house, where he generally dined or supped, and held forth to a less distinguished audience. Lamb called him, ‘in his natural and healthy state, one of the finest and wisest spirits breathing’ (Letter to Southey), and his later friends, Patmore, Procter, J. S. Knowles, and W. Hone, recognised his finer qualities under his strange infirmities of temper.

Hazlitt possessed a keen intellect and an intense sensibility to all æsthetic impressions. An artist by nature, he was brought up as a strict dissenter. The tastes and opinions imbibed in his youth became stereotyped. His early dogmas were sacred to him; he boasted of never changing an opinion after he was sixteen. His ‘love of truth’ or of his early opinions, right or wrong, was equally proof against interest and against experience. His opponents were wicked by nature, and conversion or even development the mark of a turncoat. His literary and artistic appreciations were equally dominated by the youthful impressions, endeared by early associations. He defended them with the psychological acuteness shown in his first book upon abstract questions, and afterwards applied to the analysis of character. Practice improved his facility in uttering judgments which had already been cast into clear-cut moulds in personal discussions, and in the solitary reveries to which he recurs so fondly. In later life he trusted too much to impressions no longer as vivid or as thoroughly absorbed as those of his youth, and permitted himself to be biassed by personal antipathy. Yet he never descends to mere verbiage, and his general appreciation of literary excellence often struggled successfully (as in the case of the Waverley novels) against his hatred of an author's politics. His criticisms are hardly equal, however, to the directly personal confessions which, if not always edifying, bear the impress of a keen mind and a singularly sensitive nature, stimulated by a lively interest on the subject. The wayward ill-temper which alienated his contemporaries has also limited the circle of his posthumous friends. Yet few men have written so much at so high a level, and no contemporary surpassed him in terseness and vivacity of style.

His works are as follows (the later editions were edited by his son, and the collections of essays had appeared in various periodicals, especially the ‘London Magazine’ and ‘Colburn's New Monthly;’ many of them were differently arranged in various editions, for notices of which, with a collection of criticisms, see Mr. A. Ireland's ‘List of the Writings of William Hazlitt and Leigh Hunt,’ 1868): 1. ‘Essay on the Principles of Human Action; being an Argument in favour of the natural disinterestedness of the Human Mind. To which are added some Remarks on the Systems of Hartley and Helvetius,’ 1805. 2. ‘Free Thoughts on Public Affairs,’ 1806. 3. Abridgment of Abraham Tucker's ‘Light of Nature,’ 1807. 4. ‘Eloquence of the British Senate’ (selection of speeches in parliament, with notes), 1807. 5. ‘Reply to


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/58

24 XI.

His house, his home, his heritage, his lands,

The laughing dames in whom he did delight,

Whose large blue eyes, fair locks, and snowy hands,

Might shake the Saintship of an Anchorite,

And long had fed his youthful appetite;

His goblets brimmed with every costly wine,

And all that mote to luxury invite,

Without a sigh he left, to cross the brine,

And traverse Paynim shores, and pass Earth's central line.

XII.

The sails were filled, and fair the light winds blew,

As glad to waft him from his native home;

And fast the white rocks faded from his view,

And soon were lost in circumambient foam:

And then, it may be, of his wish to roam

Repented he, but in his bosom slept


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/65

CANTO I.] 10.

"With thee, my bark, I'll swiftly go

Athwart the foaming brine;

Nor care what land thou bear'st me to,

So not again to mine.

Welcome, welcome, ye dark-blue waves!

And when you fail my sight,

Welcome, ye deserts, and ye caves!

My native Land—Good Night!"

XIV.

On, on the vessel flies, the land is gone,

And winds are rude in Biscay's sleepless bay.

Four days are sped, but with the fifth, anon,

New shores descried make every bosom gay;

And Cintra's mountain greets them on their way,

And Tagus dashing onward to the Deep,

His fabled golden tribute bent to pay;

And soon on board the Lusian pilots leap,

And steer 'twixt fertile shores where yet few rustics reap.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/331

H ferent directions, prospecting mines and drawing up a full report on each. Finding that none would repay working with European labour, he recrossed the Cordillera, again traversed the pampas, and, arriving at Buenos Ayres, paid off his German miners and returned with the Cornishmen to England. His directors, who by this time had spent 60,000l. of the shareholders' money, were furious, and blamed Head, whose salary they attempted to withhold, unsuccessfully. After some loud talk, the luckless enterprise died a natural death. Head published his version under the title of ‘Reports of the La Plata Mining Association’ (London, 1827). The account of his journeys in South America, which were made on horseback with a rapidity that gained him the name of ‘Galloping Head,’ are described in his ‘Rough Notes of Journeys in the Pampas and Andes,’ which has passed through several editions. For his exertions in attempting to get the lasso introduced in the British cavalry, for purposes of auxiliary draught, he was promoted in 1828 from half-pay of the engineers to a majority in the royal wagon train, whence he was transferred to the unattached list. A paper on the condition of South America, sent by Head to the Duke of Wellington, is inserted in ‘Wellington Despatches, Correspondence, &c.’ (vi. 427–32). In 1830 Head wrote a ‘Life of Bruce,’ the African traveller, forming one of the volumes of the ‘Family Library,’ and in 1834 appeared his best work, ‘Bubbles from the Brunnens of Nassau, by an Old Man.’ In 1834 he was appointed an assistant poor-law commissioner in Kent, and in November 1835 was offered by Lord Glenelg the post of lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada, in succession to Sir John Colborne, afterwards Lord Seaton [q. v.], with the promise of a baronetcy. Head had no colonial experience, and was opposed to the government in politics. He accepted the post, and administered the affairs of Upper Canada with marked ability at a time of great difficulty, arising out of the bitter jealousies between the provinces. With the loyal militia he quelled an insurrection which broke out in 1837, and taught a sharp lesson to some American ‘sympathisers,’ whose vessel, the Caroline, was fired and sent adrift over the Falls (see Annual Registers, 1837–8, under ‘Canada’). A dispute with the home government as to the restitution of a suspended official led to his sending in his resignation on 10 Sept. 1837. He was relieved in the following January by Sir George Arthur [q. v.] Learning from Sir John Colborne that an attempt would be made on his life if he proceeded by the Halifax route, he travelled direct through the States to New York, where he embarked unmolested and arrived in England 22 April 1838. Head's narrative of affairs in Canada will be found noticed in detail in the ‘Quarterly Review’ (vols. lxiii. lxiv.), and differs entirely from Lord Durham's account in the papers on Canada laid before parliament. Thenceforward Head was chiefly known as a ‘Quarterly’ reviewer, and a clever and versatile, though sometimes inaccurate, writer on general subjects.

Head was made a K.C.H. in 1835, and created a baronet from 19 July 1836. He had the Waterloo medal and the Prussian order of Military Merit. In 1867 he was made a member of the privy council. He married, in 1816, his cousin, Julia Valenza, daughter of the Hon. Hugh Somerville, and sister of Kenelm, seventeenth lord Somerville, by whom he had a daughter and three sons, the eldest of whom, Francis Somerville (1817–1887), was second baronet. Head, an active, well-preserved man, who rode straight to hounds up to seventy-five, died at his residence, Duppas Hall, Croydon, on 20 July 1875, aged eighty-two. His widow died on 23 March 1879. Besides minor works and two volumes of essays on the most varied topics, reprinted from the ‘Quarterly Review,’ he wrote: 1. ‘The Emigrant,’ 1846 (which, in the chapter headed ‘The Hunted Hare,’ describes his return from Canada). 2. ‘Highways and Dryways, the Britannia and Conway Tubular Bridges,’ 1849 (some of the statements in which, relating to the Britannia and Conway bridges, were contradicted by the engineer, Thomas Fairbairn, immediately afterwards). 3. ‘Stokers and Pokers,’ 1849 (a clear and effective sketch of the difficulties attending the construction, maintenance, and working of a great railway (the North-Western). 4. ‘The Defenceless State of Great Britain,’ 1850 (an alarmist essay suggested by the elevation of Prince Louis Napoleon to the post of president of the French republic). 5. ‘A Faggot of French Sticks,’ 1852. 6. ‘A Fortnight in Ireland,’ 1852. 7. ‘The Horse and his Rider,’ 1860. 8. ‘Comments on Kinglake's “History of the Crimean War,”’ 1863. 9. ‘The Royal Engineer,’ 1869. 10. ‘Sketch of the Life of Sir J. M. Burgoyne,’ 1872.


text:
Page:Artabanzanus (Ferrar, 1896).djvu/175

we finished our frugal breakfast next morning, the Doctor, who seemed to be one of the most abstemious of men, although much stouter and heavier than I, ordered Florian to send his carriage to the door.

'Let the carriage be a strong one,' he said, 'and as the distance is considerable let us have four horses.'

'Yes.' Did he mean to take me with him, then?

'I am going to visit two old acquaintances of mine, whom I dare say you will recognise when I introduce you to them. I shall be glad of your company, but if you prefer remaining here——'

'I submit myself entirely to your guidance, Doctor,' I replied. We went out into the street and waited until the carriage came round. The street was narrow and rather dark, having but few lamps in it. Many people passed by, but there was no coarse laughter or pretended joy among them. The majority of these were evidently labouring under an accumulation of diseases, and many addressed the Doctor, imploring him to cure their complaints. His general reply was: 'I cannot cure you, I can only alleviate your pains; go round to the dispensary, Doctor Mancus and the apothecaries are there.'


text: Artabanzanus/Chapter 11

title: Artabanzanus/Chapter 11


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/333

H account in Little Britain, but took to gambling, and in straitened circumstances retired to Dublin. There he wrote a comedy, ‘Hic et Ubique, or the Humours of Dublin,’ which was ‘acted privately with great applause.’ On Head's return to London in 1663, he printed it (4to), with a dedication to Charles, duke of Monmouth. Taking a house in Queen's Head Alley, near Paternoster Row, he again attempted business as a bookseller, but was once more ruined by losses at play, and from 1664 onwards made what livelihood he could by ‘scribbling’ for the booksellers ‘at 20s. per sheet.’ His indelicacy pleased the public, but he led a wild and dissipated life, and suffered ‘many crosses and afflictions.’ He was drowned, according to Winstanley, about 1686, while crossing to the Isle of Wight. Aubrey dates his death with less probability ten years earlier, and says he was drowned ‘going to Plymouth by long sea.’ Aubrey adds that he ‘had been among the gipsies,’ ‘looked like a knave with his goggling eyes,’ and ‘could transform himself into any shape.’

Head is chiefly known as the author of a pretended autobiography of a professional thief, entitled ‘The English Rogue, described in the life of Meriton Latroon, a witty extravagant, being a compleat history of the most Eminent Cheats of both Sexes.’ The book is full of indecent episodes, but many of the hero's adventures are racily told. It appears that when the manuscript was first presented to the censors of the press, license was refused on the ground of its indecency, and that it was first distributed secretly and sold largely as a forbidden book (cf., Pref. to Rogue, pt. ii.) Winstanley states that afterwards the author ‘was fain to refine it, and then it passed stamp.’ If, as seems probable, the extant editions, with their coarse language and episode, present the expurgated version, Head's original draft must have been singularly disreputable. The original work was published by Henry Marsh in an octavo volume in 1665, with a portrait of the author, and in the following year was reissued by Francis Kirkman the bookseller [q. v.] Wood's story that Head was for a time in partnership with Kirkman is disproved by the latter's statement that he was only acquainted with him as the author of the ‘Rogue’ (ib.) In spite of its popularity, Kirkman applied in vain to Head to write a second part. His rogue's adventures, he complained, were regarded as episodes in his own life. Another writer, said to be Gerard Langbaine, promised to take up the work, but he, too, ultimately declined to risk his reputation. Kirkman himself thereupon wrote a second part, which was licensed for the press on 22 Feb. 1668, but no earlier edition than that of 1671 has been met with. In 1671, also, third and fourth parts were issued, with a promise of a fifth part. The four parts were republished uniformly in 1680. An abridgment of the first part, prepared by Head, appeared in 1679 (12mo), and was reissued in 1688. A ‘fifth part’ is appended to an abridgment of the whole, issued at Gosport in 1689. This part only consists of a few pages, and is not known in an extended form. The early editions are all scarce. A reprint of the original four parts was issued in 1874 in 4 vols. 8vo. Kirkman asserted that for the third and fourth parts Head and himself were equally responsible, and the preface to the fourth part is signed by both of them. But Head expressly denies in his ‘Proteus Redivivus, or the Art of Wheedling or Insinuation’ (London, 1675, 8vo; with additions, 1684, 12mo), that he was concerned in any part but the first. He says that he intended to complete the ‘Rogue,’ but ‘seeing the continuator hath already added three parts to the former, and never, as far as I can see, will make an end of pestering the world with more volumes and large editions, I diverted my attention to the subject of the art of wheedling.’ Head describes himself on the title-page of his ‘Proteus,’ as well as on that of a similar compilation, ‘The Miss Display'd, with all her Wheedling Arts and Circumventions’ (Lond. 1675, 8vo, Bodl., see No. 8 below), merely as ‘author of the First Part of the English Rogue.’ He returned to the subject of thieves' practices in his ‘Canting Academy, or the Devil's Cabinet opened. Wherein is shewn the mysterious and villanous Practices of that wicked crew commonly known by the name of Hectors, Trapanners, Gilts, etc., to which is added a compleat Canting Dictionary … with several new Catches, Songs, etc.’ (Lond. 1673, 12mo; and reissued as ‘The Canting Academy, or Villanies Discovered’ (1674, 12mo). The ‘Canting Dictionary’ is borrowed from earlier works [see ], and much of it had already appeared in ‘The English Rogue,’ pt. i. chap. v.

Head's other works are: 1. ‘The Red Sea, a Description of the Sea-fight between the English and Dutch, with an Elegy on Sir C. Minnes,’ London, 1666, fol. (, Cat.) 2. ‘Al-man-sir, or Rhodomontados of the most Horrible, Terrible, and Invincible Captain, Sir Frederic Fightall,’ London, 1672, 8vo, with frontispiece ({{sc|Lowndes}). 3. ‘The Floating Island, or a New Discovery, relating the strange Adventure on a late Voyage from Lambethana to Villa Franca, alias Ramallia to the eastward of Terra del Tem-


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/59

CANTO I.] The silent thought, nor from his lips did come

One word of wail, whilst others sate and wept,

And to the reckless gales unmanly moaning kept.

XIII.

But when the Sun was sinking in the sea

He seized his harp, which he at times could string,

And strike, albeit with untaught melody,

When deemed he no strange ear was listening:

And now his fingers o'er it he did fling,

And tuned his farewell in the dim twilight;

While flew the vessel on her snowy wing,

And fleeting shores receded from his sight,

Thus to the elements he poured his last "Good Night."


text:
Page:Artabanzanus (Ferrar, 1896).djvu/176

168 'These people,' said he, addressing me, 'think I can do everything, whereas I can do but very little compared with what requires to be done. Their diseases are the results of their own, or their forefathers', wickedness and impenitence. There are men who cannot learn anything by their own or anyone else's experience; they think but little of health, the greatest blessing it is possible for a human being to enjoy.'

'Do they remain here for ever, Doctor?' I asked with some timidity.

'That I am not permitted to tell you,' he curtly answered.

The carriage now came to the door, and we took our seats. It was a heavy vehicle, drawn by four spirited, impatient horses. The Doctor took the reins from a smartly-dressed groom, who climbed up and seated himself beside another, and away we dashed. The street led us into the great square where the fatal battle had been fought. I recognised it by its tall columns to Glory, Victory, Patriotism, and so on, and by the crimson pool in the centre of the so-called Royal Park. What sad emotions, what bitter pangs, for fallen miserable men passed through my heart. We drove on rapidly out into the vast abyss, and straight on to the opposite side. On the way we skirted what appeared to be a large, gray, cloudy-looking rock, but we found, on approaching nearer to it, that it was the lightning balloon, lying prostrate and motionless on the earth, waiting its owner's time for his next important flight. Its hideous driver was there, pottering about, arranging portions of its gear and tackling, hauling on ropes, tightening screws, and hammering bolts here and there. He was singing, or rather shrieking, a most extraordinary song, which sounded in my ears like the filing of a dozen cross-cut saws, mingled with the beating of half a dozen tin kettles, and the hoarse braying of a jackass. The refrain of the song was rather difficult to catch, as the carriage and horses made great


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 2.djvu/60

26 CHILDE HAROLD'S GOOD NIGHT.

1., adieu! my native shore

Fades o'er the waters blue;

The night-winds sigh, the breakers roar,

And shrieks the wild sea-mew.

Yon Sun that sets upon the sea

We follow in his flight;

Farewell awhile to him and thee,

My native Land—Good Night!

2.

"A few short hours and He will rise

To give the Morrow birth;

And I shall hail the main and skies,

But not my mother Earth.

Deserted is my own good Hall,

Its hearth is desolate;

Wild weeds are gathering on the wall;

My Dog howls at the gate.

3.

"Come hither, hither, my little page!

Why dost thou weep and wail?


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/335

H were also scholars, and became his friends. Thomas Warton was then a fellow of this college, and Headley, who was ‘poetical from top to toe,’ at once fell under Warton's influence. During his vacation visits from Oxford to his friends in Norfolk he fell in love with a beautiful woman, referred to in his poems as Myra, but their common friends thought the attachment indiscreet, and she was prevailed upon to marry a rival. The death of his father freed him from all restraint. He quitted Oxford in 1785, it is said in an agony of disappointment, and without any communication with his friends. He was then, it appears, privately married to another lady, and withdrew to Matlock. He returned to the university to take his degree of B.A., 16 May 1786, and introduced to his friends, says Beloe, ‘his wife, but such a wife! Who she was, where he found her, why he married her, are matters which, if known at all, can only be so to a very few.’ His next residence was at Norwich, where he occupied himself with the study of the old English poets, but he had been delicate from his youth, and fell a victim to consumption. He went alone to Lisbon in May 1788 in the hope of improving his health. Through a letter of recommendation from Windham he was admitted into the house of M. de Visme at Cintra, but his strength declined. In August he determined upon returning to Norwich, and after two months of much suffering died on 15 Nov. 1788, being buried at North Walsham on 20 Nov. near his parents and two sisters. An elegant inscription, composed, at the widow's request, by Benwell, for a monument to his memory, was first made public by Kett in 1790. His widow married again; according to Beloe, not without shame, and soon died.

Headley published anonymously in 1785 a volume of ‘Fugitive Pieces,’ all of which were written at the age of nineteen, and most of which had previously appeared in print. They were reissued with additions in 1786 as ‘Poems and other Pieces by Henry Headley,’ and the book was inscribed to Dr. P—r [Parr]. These poems were subsequently included in Davenport's ‘British Poets,’ vol. lxxiii., and in Park's ‘Poets,’ vol. xli. They were marked by taste and feeling, and, considering their date, by an unusual appreciation of nature. The work, which preserves his name, is entitled ‘Select Beauties of Ancient English Poetry. With Remarks,’ 1787, 2 vols., a second edition of which, with a biographical sketch by his friend the Rev. Henry Kett, of his own college, appeared in 1810. It was dedicated to his friend Windham, at once became popular, and, until the reprint, was ‘exceedingly scarce.’ It was Headley's intention to have published two more volumes of selections, and to have edited the more valuable poems of Robert Southwell, but death prevented the fulfilment of these designs. ‘The Critical Remarks of the late Henry Headley,’ which were added to an edition of Phineas Fletcher's ‘Purple Island’ in 1816, were mere extracts from the ‘Select Beauties.’ Headley's selections and notes show a refined taste and much knowledge of English poetry, but the information in the ‘Memoirs’ is rather meagre. A writer in ‘Blackwood's Magazine,’ xxxviii. 677 (1835), draws attention to the wholesale plagiarisms from his notes and criticisms in Anderson's ‘Collection of the Poets.’ To the ‘Olla Podrida’ of Monro, an intimate friend at school and college, Headley contributed the sixteenth number on the unrelieved horrors depicted by the authors of modern tragedies, and he is said to have been one of the writers in ‘The Lounger's Miscellany, or the Lucubrations of Abel Slug, Esq.,’ which ran to twenty numbers in 1788 and 1789. Under the disguise of ‘C. T. O.’ he furnished the following articles in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ viz. ‘Poetical Imitations in Milton,’ 1786, pt. i. pp. 134–6; ‘Pope, Crashaw,’ pp. 310–13; ‘Observations on Milton and others,’ pp. 486–8; ‘Poetry of Quarles,’ pt. ii. pp. 666–7, 926–8; ‘Parallel Passages,’ pp. 732–733; ‘Pennant's Zoology Considered,’ pp. 838–40; ‘Bon-mot of Dr. Bentley,’ 1787, pt. i. p. 125; ‘Remarks on Milton, Drayton, &c.,’ pt. ii. pp. 1080–2. Beloe prints (Sexagenarian, i. 179, ii. 335–45) a song not included in Headley's works and an essay on the character of Timon of Athens. The authenticity of some lines said to have been written by him in his illness (Gent. Mag. 1789, pt. ii. p. 649) was denied by his friend Benwell (ib. p. 679). A few letters from him to John Nichols are printed in the ‘Illustrations of Literature,’ iv. 745–6. A poem to his memory by Bowles, and an inscription for his tombstone by another correspondent, were inserted in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ 1788, pt. ii. p. 1104, and some lines by Kett appeared in the same periodical for 1789, pt. i. p. 75. The former was included in Bowles's ‘Sonnets and other Poems,’ was reproduced in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ 1794, pt. ii. p. 645, and was prefixed, with the lines by Kett, to the reissue of Headley's ‘Select Beauties.’ His friends dwelt on the charm of his society and his cheerfulness during his declining days. Beloe, who had known him ‘in boyish days, and witnessed the earliest dawning of his genius,’ pays a tribute of unusual warmth to his memory.


text:
Page:Artabanzanus (Ferrar, 1896).djvu/177

Rh noise, but I managed to secure the following valuable fragment, which I give with many apologies:

The Doctor pulled up his horses, and the balloon driver stopped his song.

'Well Obeltub,' said the former, 'how are you getting on? How do you find yourself today, my dear and respected old friend? Getting ready for your next journey, I see. Rejoice, thou honourable pilot, I'm going with you, my boy!'

Obeltub grinned frightfully, and grunted in a very jocular manner, expressive, I thought, of derision and incredulity.

'Fact, 'pon my honour,' resumed the Doctor; 'I've made it all right. Your master is going to take me at last; he will keep his promise this time, and be as true, and generous, and faithful as you are yourself. So pump up a grand supply of lightning, stow away plenty of thunder, put in a lot of old moons for ballast, and have two of your fastest comets ready in tandem!'

Obeltub growled terribly, and scowled as who should say, 'I take no orders from you; be off, or it will be the worse for you.' He did not come within my friend's jurisdiction.

'And I shall not forget, my boy,' said he, laughing, and with difficulty suppressing a roar, 'to bring you a clothes-brush and a comb, and a bottle of scented oil for your hair and a tooth-brush, and a pot of my patent paste, and


text:
Page:Artabanzanus (Ferrar, 1896).djvu/178

170 a splendid hog, a prime barbecue stuffed with toads devilled for your dinner.'

The driver, who was in no humour to be the Doctor's butt, snarled like an enraged hyaena, and seizing a sledge-hammer which lay near him, he ran at full speed after our carriage. The Doctor roared 'Shatter me to bits if he's not going to strike!' then whistled to his horses, which flew away like the wind, and turning round he burst into a loud, ringing laugh in which I could not help joining.

We soon entered another of the gigantic arches. The scene that now lay before us differed materially from the other two of which I had had recent and painful experience. An apparently large, but very gloomy suburb received us into its inmost recesses. It was crowded with innumerable small houses, or rather huts; amongst them, rising at intervals, stood tall buildings, evidently devoted to grave and serious business. They were of all possible shapes, and were built of lead; many, of very large size, were the residences of rich people. This leaden city was thronged with inhabitants, who might be divided into two classes—those who rushed through the streets with breakneck speed, overturning and trampling on everything in their way; and those who sauntered about listlessly, with downcast eyes, looking from under their eyebrows as we dashed along, glaring furtively with stony glances. The former class seemed to have only one object in view; they hurried constantly in and out of the large business houses like swarms of bees. The latter class looked upon them with envy and jealousy. I asked the Doctor what people they were, and why they were in that place.

It was a long time before he answered my question, for he was absorbed in gloomy, perhaps in bitter, reflections. The unhappy aspect of the inhabitants by whom we were surrounded was certainly not calculated to engender


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/336

H

HEALD, JAMES (1796–1873), philanthropist, second son of James Heald of Brinnington and Disley, Cheshire, merchant, was born on 1 March 1796 at Portwood, near Stockport, was educated at Rochdale, and entered his father's business. His parents belonged to the Wesleyan body, but he contemplated taking orders in the church of England, and relinquished his work in order to study for that purpose. By the influence of an uncle, however, he rejoined the Wesleyans, and continued for a time a partner with his father. He became very wealthy, and in 1825 he removed to Parr's Wood, near Manchester, where he resided until his death. In the latter part of his life he was not actively engaged in business, but greatly assisted in the reconstruction of the Manchester and Liverpool District Bank, and was a shareholder in many Manchester companies. At the general election of 1847 he was returned in the conservative interest for Stockport, his colleague being Richard Cobden. After declaring himself in favour of free trade, he was unseated in 1852. Heald was extremely charitable. He contributed largely towards various Wesleyan institutions, he was treasurer of the Wesleyan Missionary Society, and the most prominent layman in the connexion. He frequently preached. In Stockport the infirmary, of which he was treasurer at the time of his death, was founded and largely maintained by him.

Heald died unmarried at Parr's Wood on 26 Oct. 1873, and was buried in the churchyard at Chapel-en-le-Frith in Derbyshire. Sir Joseph Napier, the lawyer, described his character as a rare combination of evangelical earnestness and wise moderation.

HEALD, WILLIAM MARGETSON (1767–1837), divine, born at Dewsbury Moor, Yorkshire, in 1767, was educated at Batley grammar school; attended medical lectures in Edinburgh and in London; joined the class of John Hunter during the last course of lectures given by him; commenced practice as a surgeon and apothecary at Wakefield, but soon abandoned the profession. He was admitted a sizar of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, on 2 July 1790, and became pensioner on 5 Nov. 1791 (College Admission Register). He graduated B.A. in 1794 and M.A. in 1798. After taking holy orders he was curate successively at Balsham, Cambridgeshire, where he took pupils, and about 1798 at Birstal, near Leeds. From 1801 to 1836 he was vicar of Birstal, and on his resignation (June 1836) the Archbishop of York presented the benefice to his son, William Margetson Heald. He died in January 1837 (Gent. Mag. new ser. vii. 435).

While he was studying medicine at Edinburgh, Heald published a mock heroic poem, in six cantos, called ‘The Brunoniad,’ 4to, London (cf. Critical Rev. February 1790, lxix. 161–3). It gives a humorous account of the medical contests which the eccentricities of Dr. John Brown (1735–1788) [q. v.] occasioned. At the time Heald was evidently a friend of the Brunonian system.

HEALDE, THOMAS, M.D. (1724?–1789), physician, born about 1724 at Ashbourne, Derbyshire, was the son of Robert Healde of Norwich. On 19 June 1742 he was admitted a sub-sizar of Trinity College, Cambridge, and proceeded M.B. in 1749 and M.D. in 1754 (College Admission Book). He commenced practice at Witham, Essex, was admitted a candidate of the Royal College of Physicians on 22 Dec. 1759, and a fellow on 22 Dec. 1760. In 1763 he delivered the Gulstonian lectures, and in 1765 the Harveian oration, which was printed during the same year. He removed to London in 1767, was censor in 1769 and 1771, Croonian lecturer in 1770, 1784, 1785, and 1786, and was Lumleian lecturer from 22 Dec. 1786 until his death. He was elected physician to the London Hospital on 20 June 1770, F.R.S. the next day (, Hist. of Royal Soc. Ap. iv. p. liii), and in 1771 Gresham professor of physic (Royal Kalendars). Healde died on 26 March 1789, leaving his widow and family destitute. The college voted 100l. for their relief at the comitia majora of 25 June following. Mrs. Healde for many years acted as a midwife. Healde was the author of: 1. ‘The Use of Oleum Asphalti,’ 8vo, London, 1769. 2. ‘The New Pharmacopœia of the Royal College of Physicians, translated with Notes,’ 8vo, London, 1788 (another edition, 1793).


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/337

 HEALE, WILLIAM (1581?–1627), divine, was a native of South Heal in the county of Devon, where he was born about 1581. On 14 March 1600 he was admitted as a commoner at Exeter College, Oxford, and thence graduated B.A. 1603, and M.A. (Broadgates Hall) 1606. Subsequently he entered into holy orders, and was appointed chaplain-fellow of Exeter College 22 Aug. 1608, but was expelled 7 May 1610 for absence. He then became vicar of Bishop's Teignton 1 Dec. 1610, and died early in 1627 (, Eccl. Antiq. Devon. i. 121). He published ‘An Apologie for Women, or An Opposition to Mr. Doctor G[ager] his assertion, who held in the Act at Oxforde Anno 1608 that it was lawfull for husbands to beat their wives,’ printed by Joseph Barnes at Oxford in 1609 [see ]. Wood says of Heale that ‘he was always esteemed an ingenious man, but weak as being too much devoted to the female sex.’

 HEALEY, JOHN (d. 1610), translator, was ill, according to a statement of his friend and printer, Thomas Thorpe, in 1609, and was dead in the following year. To three of his translations (cf. 2, 3, and 4 below) Thomas Thorpe, the printer of Shakespeare's sonnets, prefixed dedications. His works are: 1. ‘Philip Mornay, Lord of Plessis, his Teares. For the death of his Sonne. Unto his Wife, Charlotte Baliste. Englished by John Healey. London (G. Eld),’ 1609, 8vo. Healey dedicates this tract to ‘my most honoured and constant friend, Maister John Coventry,’ with whom he has ‘thus long sayled in a deepe darke sea of misfortune.’ 2. ‘The Discovery of a Newe World, or a Descripcon of the South Indyes hetherto unknowne. By an English Mercury. London, for Ed. Blount and W. Barrett,’ n.d. 8vo (Cat. of the Douce Library, Bibl. Bodl.) This is entered to Thomas Thorpe in the ‘Stationers' Register’ on 18 Jan. 1609, with the addition ‘by an English Mercury’ (, Stationers' Registers, iii. 400). In the Bodleian Library is a copy with the title, ‘The Discovery of a New World, Tenterbelly, Sheelandt, and Fooliana,’ London, n.d. 8vo. It is a humorous version in English of Bishop Hall's satire ‘Mundus alter et idem’ [see ]. 3. ‘Epictetus his Manuall And Cebes his Table. Out of the Greeke Originall by Jo. Healey. Printed for Th. Thorpe,’ 1610, 24mo. This contains a dedication by ‘Th. Th.’ (Thomas Thorpe) to John Florio [q. v.], who is said to have ‘procured an impregnable protection’ for Healey's ‘apprentises essay.’ A second edition appeared in 1616, 12mo (printed by George Purslowe for Edward Blount), to which a version of Theophrastus's ‘Characters,’ separately paged, was added. A dedication by Thorpe to the Earl of Pembroke takes the place of the dedication to Florio. 4. ‘St. Augustine of the Citie of God: with the learned Commentarie of Jo. Lod. Vives. Englished by J. H.,’ London (George Eld), 1610, folio. The dedication by Thorpe to William, earl of Pembroke, speaks of Healey as dead, and apologises for consequent imperfections in the translation. A second edition, revised, was issued in 1620, with a new dedication by [q. v.] (the father of the poet) to Pembroke and his brother Philip. Healey followed the elaborate edition of Vives, translating his commentary, and turning into English verse the numerous quotations by St. Augustine and by Vives from Greek and Latin poets. It was the only English translation of the ‘City of God’ till the appearance in 1871 and following years of a translation of all Augustine's works under the editorship of Dr. Marcus Dods. Dr. Dods, in his preface to the ‘De Civitate Dei,’ uncritically speaks of Healey's translation as ‘exceptionally bad.’ The ‘Epictetus’ is terse and clear, and the cumbrous periods of the ‘City of God’ have most of the merits and defects of Elizabethan prose; the verse translations are frequently very happy. A reprint of the 1610 edition of the ‘City of God,’ without the commentary of Vives, has been published in the ‘Ancient and Modern Library of Theological Literature’ (2 vols. 1890).

 HEAPHY, CHARLES (1821?–1881), colonial official, was son of Thomas Heaphy, founder of the old Water-colour Society [see, 1775–1835, and , 1813–1873]. He appears to have exhibited a picture on an historical subject at the British Institution in 1835 (, Dict. Brit. Artists). In May 1839 he was appointed draughtsman by the New Zealand Company in London, and sent to New Zealand in the ship Tory. He was employed on arrival in preliminary explorations for the company's settlements. In 1840–1 he assisted in the purchase of the Chatham Islands, where he was wounded with a spear by a native, and in 1842 explored the Nelson country for the company's settlement. The same year he was sent to England in a small schooner with despatches, and while at home


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/338

H published a little book entitled ‘Residence in Various Parts of New Zealand,’ London, 1842, 12mo. Returning to the colony he was employed for some years in exploring and road-making in the mountain ranges, services described by Sir William Fox, at one time premier of New Zealand, as works of great labour, exposure, and hardship, involving risk of life, and performed in a spirit of enterprise and self-denial. In 1847 Heaphy was employed in watching the New Zealand Company's interests in the marking out of native reserves at Massacre Bay (now Golden Bay), and in August 1848 was appointed draughtsman to the general government. In November 1852 he was appointed commissioner of the Coromandel gold-field, with instructions to secure from the natives the right of extending the gold-field. In 1854 he became a surveyor in the service of the New Zealand government, and in 1858 provincial land surveyor for the province of Auckland. In January 1864 he was appointed chief surveyor to the New Zealand government. Heaphy was appointed lieutenant in the Auckland rifle volunteers on 29 June 1863, and became captain on 18 Aug. the same year. He acted as guide to the imperial troops in the Waikato during the third Maori war, and much distinguished himself on the occasion of an attack made by the natives on a bathing party of troops at the Mangapiko River on 11 Feb. 1864. Although severely wounded, he continued on active service throughout the day. Lieutenant-colonel Sir Henry Havelock (now Lieutenant-general Sir H. Havelock-Allan, V.C.), who was in command, highly commended him in a despatch (London Gazette, Suppl. 14 May 1864). For this service Heaphy was promoted to major in the New Zealand militia (11 Feb. 1864), and was recommended by Lieutenant-general Sir D. A. Cameron, commanding the troops, for the Victoria Cross, an honour conferred upon him in 1867 (ib. 8 Feb. 1867). In 1866 Heaphy was appointed provincial surveyor and deputy waste-lands commissioner. In June 1867 he was elected a member of the New Zealand House of Representatives, and retained his seat until May 1870. In 1869 he was appointed commissioner of native reserves, and in 1878 commissioner of government insurance, judge of the native land court, and commissioner of land claims. Failing health, caused by early hardships and privations and wounds received in the native war, led to his retirement on a pension in June 1881, but he died at Brisbane, before drawing any part of the pension, on 3 Aug. 1881. His wife survived him.

HEAPHY, THOMAS, the elder (1775–1835), water-colour painter, was born in London on 29 Dec. 1775. His father, John Gerrard Heaphy, had a somewhat romantic history, having been born on a battle-field where his father was killed; the latter was the eldest son of a nobleman, and had contracted a runaway match with a daughter of an Irish clergyman named Heaphy, but the legality of the marriage being subsequently contested, the matter was compromised by a provision being made for the widow and for the education of the child, who was required to take his mother's name. John Gerrard Heaphy married a French lady, and engaged in mercantile pursuits. His son Thomas, evincing a great love for drawing, was articled at an early age to R. M. Meadows, the engraver, but his inclination was rather to painting than engraving; to this he devoted all his spare time, and attended a drawing-school conducted by John Boyne near Queen Square, Bloomsbury. He exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy in 1797, and until 1804 his contributions were exclusively portraits, but in that year he sent a subject picture, ‘The Portland Fish Girl.’ Subsequently he turned his attention to water-colour painting, to which he from that time confined himself, and became a large contributor to the exhibitions of the newly formed Water-colour Society, then held in Spring Gardens, where his representations of fish markets and other scenes of working-class life were extremely popular. In 1807 he became an associate of the society, and in the same year a full member; his ‘Hastings Fish Market,’ exhibited in 1809, sold for five hundred guineas. He now returned to portraiture, which he practised with great success, and was for some years more largely employed than perhaps any other artist except Sir Thomas Lawrence; he was appointed portrait-painter to the Princess of Wales; Princess Charlotte, Prince Leopold, and other distinguished persons sat to him. In 1812, giving up his membership of the Water-colour Society, he betook himself, at the invitation of the Duke of Wellington, to the British camp in the Peninsula, where he remained until the end of the war, painting the portraits of the English officers,


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/339

H and on his return executed his most important work, a representation of the Duke of Wellington giving his orders previous to a general action, which comprised portraits of about fifty general officers. An engraving from this, commenced by Anker Smith and finished by Heaphy himself, was published by him in 1822. Though the picture was a direct commission from the king, it appears to have remained on the artist's hands, as it figured in the sale of his effects.

Heaphy devoted much of his fortune to utilising the land in the neighbourhood of the present Regent's Park for building purposes, and thus a portion of St. John's Wood owes its origin to him. This took him temporarily away from his profession, on resuming which he projected and established the Society of British Artists, of which he was elected the first president, and to its first exhibition, in 1824, contributed nine works, but he resigned his membership the following year. In 1831 he went to Italy, where he remained until the middle of the following year, and during his residence there made some admirable copies of famous pictures by the old masters. After his return to England he painted little. He died at 8 St. John's Wood Road, 23 Oct. 1835, and was buried in Bunhill Fields. His first wife, Mary Stevenson, to whom he was married in 1800, died some time after 1820; his second, Harriet Jane Mason, survived him.

Heaphy's subject pictures were realistic representations of nature. His miniatures and other portraits, which were usually on a small scale, were characterised by truthfulness, delicacy of colour, and beauty of finish. He was a man of versatile genius, and devoted much attention to mechanical inventions. Though it is stated that he was always opposed to the Royal Academy, the catalogues show that he contributed to its exhibitions up to the end of his life. The South Kensington Museum possesses two of his water-colours, ‘The Sore Leg’ and ‘Coast Scene with Figures,’ and in the National Portrait Gallery is a youthful portrait of Lord Palmerston; his portraits of the Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch have been engraved.

Heaphy had by his first wife two sons, Thomas [q. v.] and Charles [q. v.], and three daughters, two of whom, Mary Ann (Mrs. Musgrave) and Elizabeth (Mrs. Murray), practised miniature-painting.

HEAPHY, THOMAS, the younger (1813–1873), portrait and subject painter, eldest son of Thomas Heaphy the elder [q. v.], by his first wife, Mary Stevenson, was born at St. John's Wood, London, 2 April 1813. In 1831, when a lad of seventeen, Heaphy accompanied his father on a visit to Italy, where he acquired a knowledge of the language and cultivated a taste for religious art, for which he always retained a strong predilection. Adopting his father's profession, he commenced life as a portrait-painter, and for many years enjoyed an extensive patronage. He exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy in 1831, and in 1850 sent his first subject picture, ‘The Infant Pan educated by the Wood Nymphs.’ Among his most successful works which followed were ‘Catherine and Bianca’ (1853), a series of peasant girls of various countries (1859–62), ‘Kepler mistaken for an Astrologer’ (1863), ‘Palissy the Potter taken for a Coiner’ (1864), ‘Lord Burleigh showing his Peasant Bride her new Home’ (1865), and ‘Lizzie Farren, afterwards Countess of Derby, waiting at the Prison Bars with her Father's Breakfast’ (1872). In 1867 he sent to the exhibition of the Society of British Artists ‘General Fairfax and his Daughter pursued by the Royal Troops,’ and in that year was elected a member of the society. In 1844 he was commissioned to paint an altar-piece for the protestant church at Malta, erected at the expense of Queen Adelaide, and he also executed one for a church at Toronto, Canada. He devoted much time to investigating the origin of the traditional likeness of Christ; in the pursuit of this inquiry he travelled widely. At Rome he made careful drawings of everything illustrating the subject to which he could obtain access in the Catacombs and Vatican Library. He has given an interesting account of his difficulties in procuring the necessary permissions for this purpose. His last journey to Rome was made in 1860, and in the following year he published the result of his labours in a series of eight articles in the ‘Art Journal.’ The papers with the necessary illustrations were not reissued till 1880, seven years after his death, when they were brought out in a folio volume under the editorship of his friend Mr. Wyke Bayliss, F.S.A., with the title ‘The Likeness of Christ; an Enquiry into the verisimilitude of the received Likeness of our Blessed Lord.’ A cheap reprint has since been issued by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. The original drawings are now in the print room of the British Museum. Heaphy possessed considerable literary ability, and contributed articles on various subjects to the periodical


text:
Page:Henry Adams' History of the United States Vol. 4.djvu/60

50 proper to propose alterations in the body of the treaty:—

 * "The undersigned is commanded distinctly to protest against a practice altogether unusual in the political transactions of States, by which the American government assumes to itself the privilege of revising and altering agreements concluded and signed on its behalf by its agents duly authorized for that purpose, of retaining so much of those agreements as may be favorable to its own views, and of rejecting such stipulations, or such parts of stipulations, as are conceived to be not sufficiently beneficial to America."

Without discussing the correctness of Canning's assertion that the practice was "altogether unusual in the political transactions of States," Monroe and Pinkney might have replied that every European treaty was negotiated, step by step, under the eye of the respective governments, and that probably no extant treaty had been signed by a British agent in Europe without first receiving at every stage the approval of the King. No American agent could consult his government. Canning was officially aware that Monroe and Pinkney, in signing their treaty, had done so at their own risk, in violation of the President's orders. The requirement that the President of the United States should follow European rules was unreasonable; but in the actual instance Canning's tone was something more than unreasonable. His own note assumed for the British government "the privilege of revising and altering" whatever


text:
Page:Railways Act 1921 (ukpga 19210055 en).pdf/43

[Ch. 55.] conditions, and those conditions shall apply without any special contract in writing to the carriage of merchandise at ordinary rates:

Provided that, in any case where an owner's risk rate is in operation and the company has been requested in writing to carry at that rate, the terms and conditions upon and subject to which such goods shall be carried shall be owner's risk conditions.

(2) The terms and conditions upon and subject to which damageable goods not properly protected by packing (if accepted by the company for carriage) shall be carried by a railway company shall be the conditions settled by the -rates tribunal as aforesaid, but the company shall not be under any obligation to carry damageable goods not properly protected by packing.

(3) Subject to the provisions of the Railway and Canal Traffic Acts, 1854 and 1888, nothing in this Act shall preclude a company and a trader from agreeing in writing to any terms and conditions they think fit for the carriage of merchandise, live stock, or damageable goods not properly protected by packing, or dangerous goods.

Alteration of conditions.

45. At any-time after the date when the terms and conditions so settled as aforesaid come into force a railway company or any representative body of traders may apply to the rates tribunal to amend, alter or add to those terms and conditions, and the tribunal may, after hearing all parties whom they consider entitled to be heard, make such amendments, alterations, or additions of or to such terms and conditions as the tribunal think just and reasonable, and fix a date as from which they are to come into operation.

Miscellaneous Provisions as to Charges.

Owner's risk rates

46.—(1) When settling a schedule of charges, or Owner's within. twelve months or such longer period thereafter as rates in any case the Minister may allow, the rates tribunal shall determine what reductions shall be made from the standard charges where damageable merchandise is carried by railway under owner's risk conditions, and such reductions shall be shown or indicated in the schedules in such manner as the tribunal prescribe.

Where an exceptional rate is in operation and the conditions applicable to that rate are the company's risk conditions, or, as the case may be, the 39