text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/115

 Solier, seigneur de Morette, frequently ambassador from France, and lastly in 1534 (see, ‘sur le portrait de Morett à Dresde’). Holbein, as a supporter of the Reformation, now victorious in England, designed the title-pages to Coverdale's Bible, published in 1535, and Cranmer's Bible, published in 1540 (2nd edit. 1541, with Cromwell's arms erased from the title-page), a ‘Passion’ series satirising the monks (etched by Wenzel Hollar), a set of small illustrations to the New Testament, used for Cranmer's ‘Catechism’ in 1548, and a title-page used for Hall's ‘Chronicle’ in the same year. Though he painted Thomas Cromwell (at Tittenhanger; the drawing by Holbein at Wilton House is not Cromwell), he does not appear to have painted Cranmer, nor can any authentic portrait of Anne Boleyn by him be traced, except perhaps a miniature at Windsor. It is not till 1536 that any trace is found of his being in the king's service. In that year Bourbon speaks of him in a letter as ‘the king's painter,’ and in that year he painted the new queen, Jane Seymour (at Woburn Abbey, and another at Vienna, drawing at Windsor). In 1537 Holbein painted the group of Henry VIII with his father and mother and Jane Seymour on the wall of the privy chamber at Whitehall. This perished in the fire of 1698; a small copy by Remigius van Leemput (engraved by Vertue) is at Hampton Court, and the original cartoon for the figures of Henry VII and Henry VIII is at Hardwick Hall. A drawing of Henry VIII at Munich was perhaps done for this painting. Holbein does not appear to have painted in fresco. In October 1537 Jane Seymour died, and Henry VIII sought a new wife. In March 1538 Holbein was sent to Brussels to paint a portrait of Christina of Denmark, the widowed duchess of Milan. The painter, although he had but three hours to do his work in, was thoroughly successful. The portrait done in this way was probably that at Windsor, and not the exquisitely finished full-length portrait at Arundel Castle (on loan to the National Gallery). On Lady-day 1538 the first of a series of payments to Holbein is entered in the accounts of the royal household. In December 1538 he was paid 10l. for his services abroad in Upper Burgundy. This may allude to his share in the mission to negotiate for the Duchess of Milan's hand, which dragged on to January 1539. Anyhow he took the opportunity to pay a visit to his family at Basle, where he was entertained at a banquet by the citizens, who voted him an annuity and a separate one to his wife for two years, when he hoped to finally return. Possibly he also paid a visit to his friend Nicholas Bourbon, then resident at Lyons, to see after the publication of the series of illustrations to the Old Testament and to ‘The Dance of Death,’ which had remained unpublished since 1526, and were now completed and saw the light for the first time (1538). He drew a portrait of Bourbon (drawing at Windsor) which appeared in an edition of Bourbon's ‘Nugæ’ published at Lyons that year. On his way back he may have taken his son Philip and apprenticed him to Jerome David in Paris. He was back in England by New-year's day 1539, as among the New-year's gifts to the king he gave ‘a table of the pictour of the prince's grace,’ possibly the portrait of the infant Edward VI at Hanover (another in Lord Yarborough's collection). In August 1539 he was sent on another mission to Düren to paint the portraits of the daughters of the Duke of Cleves. His portrait of Anne of Cleves (perhaps the one now in the Louvre) was sufficiently attractive to decide the king in her favour. Holbein painted a great number of portraits in England at this time. Among them were Thomas, third duke of Norfolk (at Windsor, another at Arundel Castle), his son the Earl of Surrey (picture not traced, drawings at Windsor), Sir Nicholas Carew (at Dalkeith Palace, drawing at Basle), Sir Richard Southwell (in the Uffizi at Florence, drawing at Windsor), Sir John Russell (at Woburn Abbey, drawing at Windsor), Sir William Butts (formerly in Pole Carew collection), Lady Butts (the same, drawing at Windsor), Lady Rich (at Buildwas Park, drawing at Windsor), Lady Vaux (at Hampton Court, another at Prague, drawing at Windsor), Nicholas Poyntz (de la Rosière collection in Paris, drawing at Windsor), John Reskymeer (at Hampton Court, drawing at Windsor), Simon George (in the Städel Institut at Frankfurt, drawing at Windsor), Dr. John Chamber (at Vienna), and the man with a falcon (1542) (at the Hague). Holbein painted a miniature of Queen Catherine Howard (at Windsor, also drawing), but does not appear to have painted Catherine Parr. Many other notable persons appear among the collection of portrait drawings at Windsor, which form a most valuable historical, as well as artistic, record of the time.

In 1542 Holbein commenced the large picture (in the Barber-Surgeons' Hall) of Henry VIII giving the charter to the newly incorporated company of the Barber-Surgeons, which resembled his own guild at Basle. He did not live to finish this. Although the two years were long past after which he had promised to return to Basle,


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 1.djvu/55

Rh Thou sat'st, while reverend Ocean smil'd,

And mirthful strains the hours beguil'd;

The Nymphs and Tritons danc'd around,

Nor yet thy doom was fix'd, nor Jove relentless frown'd., December 1, 1804.

LINES

WRITTEN IN "LETTERS OF AN ITALIAN NUN AND AN ENGLISH GENTLEMAN, BY J. J. ROUSSEAU: FOUNDED ON FACTS."

ANSWER TO THE FOREGOING, ADDRESSED TO MISS ——.

Dear simple girl, those flattering arts,

(From which thou'dst guard frail female hearts,)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/116

 he had not as yet carried out his intention. In 1543 a pestilence broke out in London, to which Holbein fell a victim between 7 Oct. and 29 Nov. of that year. On the former date he made a hasty will (see Archæologia, xxxix. l), administration of which was granted on the latter date to a legatee, the goldsmith, John of Antwerp. Holbein lived in the parish of St. Andrew Undershaft, and was rated there as a stranger, showing that he was not a permanent resident in England. He is supposed to have been buried in the church of St. Katherine Cree. He mentions in his will two children at nurse, who must have been illegitimate, as he had by his wife Elsbeth two sons, Jakob and Philipp, and two daughters, Margaret and Cunigunde, who were grown up at Basle at the time of his death, while his wife survived him till 1549. Holbein left no pupils, having had no fixed residence, or intention to remain permanently in England.

Holbein has claims to rank as one of the best portrait-painters in the world. He combined artistic beauty and precision of technical execution with extraordinary truth to nature and power of interpretation of character. He was most careful in his treatment of accessories, making free use of real gold, yet they never intrude on the composition; every detail in the hands, ears, &c., was carefully elaborated, yet producing complete unity and harmony in the whole. He usually made an outline drawing in chalk on paper, with notes of costume and accessories; this he traced or copied on to a panel, and then painted the portrait over it, a method which probably saved many sittings. He was fond of a pale greenish blue back-ground, which strengthened the outline of the face. He was very minute in his execution, and painted small medallion pictures to fit into round ivory boxes; hence he became one of the earliest painters of portraits in miniature, which he is said to have learnt from his contemporary, Lucas Horembault. At Windsor there are miniatures of, besides Catherine Howard, the two sons of the Duke of Suffolk, and Lady Audley (also drawing). He also painted Anne of Cleves in miniature. In his miscellaneous drawings, scattered about in public collections, Holbein shows the same general excellence. The drawings of jewellery and other ornaments in the museum at Basle and in the print room at the British Museum show him to have been experienced in the goldsmith's craft, and the two drawings in the latter collection, of a clock (for Sir Anthony Denny) and a chimney-piece for one of the royal palaces, with the design for the so-called ‘Jane Seymour’ cup in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, show his powers of executing ornamental works on a larger scale. In his drawings of domestic life he shows a sense of humour and of human feeling which appeals to all ages.

Holbein drew his own portrait at various times. A coloured drawing at Basle shows him at the age of twenty-three, and a portrait at the age of thirty-six is in a private collection at Vienna. A circular portrait, done in the last year of his life, cannot be safely traced; there is a drawing of it in the Uffizi Gallery at Florence, and a similar portrait, when in the Arundel collection, was engraved by Hollar and by Vorsterman. A similar portrait was formerly in the Strawberry Hill collection, and is now in the collection of the Duke of Buccleuch; other versions exist elsewhere. The so-called portraits of Holbein and his wife at Windsor have no claim to represent them; they are, moreover, painted on canvas, and signed by Hans Bock, a later painter at Basle. No artist's name has been so frequently and so wilfully misused in England as that of Hans Holbein. Very few authentic portraits by him remain in England. Among the many which bear his name, none can safely be considered authentic, in addition to those already mentioned, except the anonymous portrait of a man in the collection of Sir J. E. Millais, and the exquisite small square portrait of Henry VIII at Althorp.

HOLBORNE, ANTHONY (fl. 1597), musical composer, was possibly a member of Queen Elizabeth's Chapel Royal. He published: 1. ‘The Cittharn Schoole,’ printed by Peter Short, London, 1597, with a dedication to Thomas, lord Burgh, baron Gainsburgh, and an address to the ‘proficient scholler or lover of the cittharn.’ It contains (, Dict. i. 743) thirty-two preludes, pavans, galliards, popular song tunes, &c., for the cithern alone, in tablature; twenty-three others for the cithern with an accompaniment, in ordinary notation, for the bass viol; and another two for the cithern with


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 1/Fragments of School Exercises


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/118

 HOLBROOK, JOHN (d. 1437), master of Peterhouse, Cambridge, was a native of Suffolk. He was educated at Peterhouse, of which he became a fellow in 1412; during the same year took holy orders, receiving ordination as priest in 1413. In 1418, being then D.D., he was elected master of Peterhouse. His signature is appended to an indenture made on 12 Feb. 9 Hen. VI (1431) between the college and John Wassyngle, mason, of Hinton, Cambridgeshire, for building a library at Peterhouse ( and, Architect. Hist. of Univ. of Cambr. i. 10). In 1421 he was presented by Henry V to the rectory of South Repps, Norfolk, and held it until his death (, Norfolk, 8vo edit. viii. 154). He was also appointed chaplain to Henry V and Henry VI successively. In 1428 he was chosen chancellor of the university, and again in 1429, when he continued in office until 1431. During his chancellorship in 1430 the memorable dispute concerning ecclesiastical jurisdiction, known as the ‘Barnwell Process,’ arose between Philip Morgan, bishop of Ely, and the university (, Church of Ely, p. 168;, Univ. of Cambr. i. 289). In 1431 he resigned the mastership of Peterhouse, having been instituted the year before to the college vicarage of Hinton. He died on 12 July 1437, and was buried in the chancel of St. Mary the Less, Cambridge (the old college chapel of Peterhouse). In 1446 his executors, according to the instructions contained in his will, made the pavement of the choir and the desks in St. Mary the Less ( and, i. 58). Holbrook was reputed a great mathematician, and, according to Leland, was author of: 1. ‘Tabellæ mediorum motuum,’ also called ‘Tabulæ Cantabrigienses,’ and extant in Egerton MS. 889 in the British Museum; a part of the preface exists in Bodl. MS. 300, f. 132 b. 2. ‘De reductione tabularum Alphonsi ad annos Christi menses, dies, et horas,’ which Tanner says is ascribed to Holbrook in Norwicensis More MS. 820. The Egerton MS. also contains: 3. ‘Tabulæ aliæ’ and 4. ‘Ars inveniendi figuram concepcionis nati,’ which are there ascribed to Holbrook. Pits likewise ascribes to Holbrook. 5. ‘Canones astronomici,’ which he says are in the Bodleian Library. The Egerton MS. is partly in Holbrook's handwriting, and was presented by him to Peterhouse; he also gave another manuscript to his college containing a translation in Latin of Abu Hasen Aly Aben Ragel, ‘De Judiciis Stellarum,’ which is now at Corpus Christi College, Oxford (MS. cli.;, Cat. Cod. MSS. Coll. Oxon.) His portrait is in Peterhouse combination room ( and , i. 65).

HOLBURNE, FRANCIS (1704–1771), admiral, second son of Sir James Holburne of Menstrie, co. Edinburgh, first baronet, entered the navy in 1720 as a volunteer on board the St. Albans; passed his examination on 28 Jan. 1725–6; on 12 Dec. 1727 was promoted to be lieutenant, and took post from 14 July 1739. In 1740 he commanded the Dolphin frigate in the Channel and North Sea. In 1745–6 he commanded the Argyle in the West Indies, and in December 1747 was appointed to the Kent in the Channel and the Bay of Biscay. In September 1748 he exchanged into the Bristol, but was almost immediately afterwards moved into the Tavistock, a worn-out 50-gun ship, in which he was sent to the Leeward Islands as commodore and commander-in-chief. His principal work was diplomatic rather than naval. By the terms of the treaty of 1684 Tobago was neutralised; but early in 1749 it came to Holburne's knowledge that M. de Caylus, the governor of Martinique, had established a fortified post there. As his whole squadron consisted of one rotten ship of 50 guns and two equally rotten 20-gun frigates, it was impossible for him to prevent this by force. He knew that de Caylus, who was a naval officer, was aware of this; but upon Holburne's remonstrances the fortifications were dismantled and the garrison withdrawn. Holburne returned to England in 1752. On 5 Feb. 1755 he was promoted to be rear-admiral of the blue, and in the following May, with his flag in the Terrible, he sailed with a strong squadron to reinforce Boscawen, whom he met off Louisbourg on 21 June, and with whom he returned to England in November [see, 1711–1761]. In 1756, with his flag still in the Terrible, he commanded in the third post in the fleet under Hawke or Boscawen off Brest and in the Bay of Biscay, and in the following January sat as a member of the court-martial on Admiral Byng. On 24 Feb. 1757 he was promoted to be vice-admiral of the blue, and after many delays sailed from Cork on 7 May with a fleet of ships of war and transports intended for the reduction of Louisbourg, which had been restored to the French by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. It was not, however, till 9 July that the expedition reached Halifax; the French had taken advantage of the delay to strengthen the garrison and collect a numerous fleet, and Holburne, in consultation with


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/119

 the general, the Earl of Loudoun, decided that nothing could be done without more force. As the season, however, wore on, he determined to parade his fleet before Louisbourg, possibly in the hope that the French would accept his challenge. Their effective strength, however, was terribly reduced by a pestilence, and they remained in port; but while Holburne waited on the coast his fleet was caught on the night of 24 Sept. by a violent storm, which drove some of the ships on shore, and wholly or in part dismasted almost all. After such refit as was possible Holburne returned to England, where he arrived in the beginning of December. A few days later he was appointed to the command in chief at Portsmouth, a charge which he held, either continuously or more probably with a break, for the very unusual term of eight years, the latter part of the time being enlivened by a curious inquiry into an alleged plot in November 1764 to set fire to all the dockyards. The several commanders-in-chief and resident commissioners were ordered to investigate the matter; but this was done with the utmost secrecy, and the report cannot now be found. On 5 Aug. 1767 Holburne attained the rank of admiral of the blue, and of admiral of the white on 28 Oct. 1770; about the same time he was appointed rear-admiral of Great Britain. He was one of the lords of the admiralty from February 1770 to January 1771, when he accepted the post of governor of Greenwich Hospital, in which he died 15 July 1771.

Holburne married at Barbadoes the widow of Edward Lascelles, collector of the island, and by her had one son, Francis, who in 1772, on the death of his cousin, Sir Alexander, the third baronet, and a captain in the navy, succeeded to the baronetcy. A portrait of Admiral Holburne, with his son as a little boy, is in the Painted Hall at Greenwich.

HOLCOMBE, HENRY (1690?–1750?), musical composer, was born about 1690, probably at Shrewsbury, and was a chorister there. While still a boy he came to London, and took part in the ‘Anglo-Italian’ operatic performances at Drury Lane. His two recorded impersonations are Prenesto in ‘Camilla’ in 1706, and again in 1708, and the Page in ‘Rosamund,’ 1707. He left the stage when his voice broke, and became a successful teacher of singing and of the harpsichord. He died in London about 1750.

He published two collections of songs, ‘The Musical Medley; or a Collection of English Songs and Cantatas set to Musick,’ London, 1745, and ‘The Garland; a Collection of eleven Songs and Cantatas,’ London, 1745. He was also the composer of ‘Six Solos for a Violin and Thorough Bass, with some pieces for the German Flute and Harpsichord,’ London, 1745.

Two of his songs, ‘Happy Hour all Hours Excelling’ (printed in the ‘Musical Miscellany’), and ‘Arno's Vale,’ enjoyed much popularity.

HOLCOT, ROBERT (d. 1349), divine, is said to have been a native of Northampton, but the statement seems a mere inference from his surname, Holcot being a village in Northamptonshire. It has been conjectured that he was a kinsman of Robert of Holcot, who sat, according to Bridges (Northamptonshire, i. 9 b), as a knight of the shire in the parliament of 1328–9; but the latter appears in the parliamentary return (Accounts and Papers, 1878, vol. xviii. pt. i. p. 88) as ‘Hotot,’ and the correctness of this name is supported by other evidence (, Parliamentary Writs, 1834, ii. 1024). Holcot's own derivation of his name is given in his commentary on the book of Wisdom (Prælect. i. 4, ed. 1586): ‘Sicut enim nomen a robore derivatum, ita cognomen habeo a foramine casæ datum; et ideo, sicut nomen meum Robertus in robore, ita Holkot cognomen intueor in foramine petræ,’ in allusion to Cant. ii. 14.

Wood states, without citing his authority, that Holcot was ‘primo iusticiarius, postea frater prædicator’ (Antiq. of the City of Oxford, ii. 320, ed. A. Clark, 1890), which may possibly mean that he was a student of law, or a lawyer, before he entered the Dominican order. He was brought up probably in the house of his order at Oxford, and became a doctor in theology of the university, for the statement cited from two Paris manuscripts by Quétif and Echard (Scriptt. O. P. i. 629 a, 630 a) that he belonged to Cambridge is unsupported by other evidence. On 23 March 1331–2, ‘fr. Rob. Holcote ordinis minor.’ (if this be the same person) was admitted to hear confessions by the Bishop of Lincoln. Richard of Bury, presumably after his appointment to the see of Durham in 1333, entertained, according to William Chambre, a number of clerks in his household, whom he chose for their theological attainments, and among those named are Bradwardine, Fitzralph, and Holcot. How long Holcot remained in


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/120

 this learned society we do not know, unless he be, as there are some grounds for believing, the author of Bury's ‘Philobiblon,’ which bears the date 24 Jan. 1344–5. In the end he returned to the active work of teaching, apparently at Oxford, and made himself a great name among the divines of his century by his expositions of the Bible. In 1349, according to Trithemius, while he was engaged in lecturing on Ecclesiasticus (his commentary on which extends only to the seventh chapter), he was stricken by the plague and died. Since Leland states that he was buried at Northampton (if this be what he means by ‘Avonæ mediterraneæ’), it is presumed that he had for some time retired from Oxford to that place, but positive evidence is wanting.

As a divine Holcot held generally to the tradition of his order as laid down by its greatest representative, St. Thomas Aquinas, though in some points (for instance in his doctrine of predestination) he has been observed to deviate from it. He maintained the Dominican view with respect to the immaculate conception so decidedly that his text (in the edition of the commentary on Wisdom, Basle, 1586) was amended by his discreet editor. A special matter on which he differed from his famous contemporary, Bradwardine, was his insistence upon the necessity of free will as an antecedent to merit. In his logical position Holcot followed Ockham, except that he devised a ‘logica fidei’ (or ‘logica singularis’), side by side with the ‘logica naturalis,’ in order to meet the dialectical difficulties presented by the doctrine of the Trinity, which Ockham placed wholly outside the sphere of logic. Holcot is also interesting as one of the first logicians with whom the doctrine of the ‘obligatoria’ has grown into a formulated school system (‘ars’).

Holcot's bibliography is beset with pitfalls. Many of his writings have been cited under more than one title; some (for instance, the commentaries on Wisdom and Proverbs) have been attributed to other authors, and one (the ‘Determinationes quarundam quæstionum’) is believed to be a compilation by his pupils. It is probable that in consequence of his sudden death his papers were left in disorder, so that even in his commentary on the ‘Sentences’ the sections appear in some manuscripts (e.g. Merton College, Oxford, No. 113) in a different order from that of the printed texts, which of course follow the arrangement of Peter Lombard. In the subjoined list a large number of duplications and other errors have been set right, but to aim at complete accuracy it would be necessary to collate the very numerous manuscripts and early editions of Holcot's works, which attest the authority he held among students abroad as well as in his own country far into the sixteenth century.

His published works are: 1. Commentaries on Proverbs, Paris, 1510, 1515, &c. 2. On Canticles, s.l. aut a., Venice, 1509. 3. On Wisdom, s.l. aut a., s.l. 1480, with about seventeen later editions; and 4. On Ecclesiasticus, i–vii., Venice, 1509. The last lecture in the commentary on Wisdom is entitled ‘De studio sacræ scripturæ,’ and has sometimes been wrongly taken for a separate work (cf., Ann. Typogr. iii. 481). 5. ‘Quæstiones’ on the ‘Sentences’ of Peter Lombard, Lyons, 1497, 1510, 1518, to which are generally appended the three following works: 6. ‘Conferentiæ’ (sometimes entitled ‘Super articulis impugnatis’). 7. ‘De imputabilitate peccati.’ 8. ‘Determinationes quarundam quæstionum’ (or ‘Determinationes quæstionum xv.’). 9. ‘De origine, definitione, et remedio peccatorum’ (probably the work also described as ‘De peccatis mortalibus et eorum remediis’), Paris, 1517. 10. ‘Moralitates historiarum’ (also known as ‘Moralizationes’), Venice, 1505; Paris, 1510; Basle, 1586, &c. To these should perhaps be added the well-known ‘Philobiblon sive De amore librorum,’ usually attributed to Bishop Richard of Bury (printed at Cologne, 1473; Spires, 1483; Paris, 1500, &c.), the authorship of which has been much disputed. Probably the truth is represented by the title found in several manuscripts ‘Incipit prologus Philobiblon Ricardi Dunelmensis episcopi, quem librum compilavit Robertus Holcote de ordine predicatorum sub nomine dicti episcopi.’ In other words, Holcot wrote the book at the request and in the name of the bishop, apparently to celebrate his fifty-eighth birthday, 24 Jan. 1344–5 (p. 151, ed. Thomas), while the bishop's supervision and co-operation need not be excluded. The form of the title might easily lead to the ascription of the book to Bury, but it is difficult to understand how, if it were Bury's own work, it could have come to be attributed to Holcot. At the same time too much stress should not be laid upon the evidently malicious account of Bury's small literary attainments and great pretensions given by A. Murimuth, ‘Continuatio Chronicarum,’ p. 171, ed. E. M. Thompson, 1889.

Holcot's unpublished works are: 1. Postils on the twelve Minor Prophets. 2. A commentary on the four Gospels (and perhaps a separate one on St. Matthew). 3. ‘Moralizationes scripturæ pro evangelizantibus verbum Dei’ (or ‘Allegoriæ utriusque Testamenti,’ possibly the same work as the ‘Exempla scripturæ’ said by Tanner to have


text:
Author talk:William Faulkner

 * William Faulkner: early prose and poetry

known renewals through 1934
Fenrix1958 (talk) 01:48, 6 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Sartoris. © 31Jan29; A4247. William Faulkner (A); 23May56; R171329.
 * The sound and the fury. © 7Oct29; A14023. William Faulkner (A); 9Oct56; R177867.
 * A rose for Emily. (In Forum, Apr. 1930) © 17Mar30; B65126. William Faulkner (A); 25Apr57; R190746.
 * As I lay dying. © 6Oct30; A29220. William Faulkner (A); 19Nov57; R202471.
 * Honor. (In The American mercury, July 1930) © 25Jun30; B78201. William Faulkner (A); 19Nov57; R202472.
 * Thrift. (In Saturday evening post, Sept. 6, 1930) © 4Sep30; B83797. William Faulkner (A); 5Sep57; R198529.
 * Ad astra. (In American caravan. 4. Edited by Alfred Kreymborg, and others) © 27Mar31; A36*07. William Faulkner (A); 29May58; R215563.
 * Dry September. (In Scribner's magazine, Jan. 1931) © 18Dec30; B98709. William Faulkner (A); 26Feb58; R209255.
 * Hair. (In The American mercury, May 1931) © 24Apr31; B116644. William Faulkner (A); 29May58; R215565.
 * Sanctuary. © 9Feb31; A34336. William Faulkner (A); 26Feb58; R209256.
 * That evening sun. (In The American mercury, Mar. 1931) © 25Feb31; B107277. William Faulkner (A); 29May58; R215564.
 * The hound. (In Harper's magazine, Aug. 1931) © 18Jul31; B121709. William Faulkner (A); 6Aug58; R218858.
 * Spotted horses. (In Scribner's magazine, June 1931) © 19May31; B114704. William Faulkner (A); 6Aug58; R218857.
 * Centaur in brass. (In American mercury, Feb. 1932) © 25Jan32; B141907. William Faulkner (A); 16Apr59; R234855.
 * Death drag. (In Scribner's magazine, Jan. 1932) © 18Dec31; B139189. William Faulkner (A); 16Apr59; R234852.
 * Dr. Martino. (In Harper's magazine, Nov. 1931) © 20Oct31; B130736. William Faulkner (A); 16Apr59; R234854.
 * Fox hunt. (In Harper's magazine, Sept. 1931) © 17Aug31; B124288. William Faulkner (A); 16Apr59; R234853.
 * Idyll in the desert. © 10Dec31; A45704. William Faulkner (A); 30Mar59; R233670.
 * These 13; stories. © 21Sep31; A41909. William Faulkner (A); 17Apr59; R234908.
 * Turnabout. (In The Saturday evening post, Mar. 5, 1932) © 1Mar32; B146434. William Faulkner (A); 4Mar59; R232436.
 * Light in August. © 6Oct32; A56252. William Faulkner (A); 26Oct59; R244581.
 * Miss Zilphia Gant. © 27Jun32; A51978. William Faulkner (A); 26Oct59; R244579.
 * Sanctuary. © on introd.; 25Mar32; A50492. William Faulkner (A); 26Oct59; R244578.
 * Smoke. (In Harper's magazine, Apr. 1932) © 15Mar32; B147634. William Faulkner (A); 26Oct59; R244576.
 * There was a queen. (In Scribner's magazine, Jan. 1933) © 16Dec32; B175349. William Faulkner (A); 18Dec59; R247804.
 * Lizards in Jamshyd's courtyard. (In The Saturday evening post, Feb. 27, 1932) © 23Feb32; B145466. William Faulkner (A); 23Feb60;R252735.
 * Artist at home. (In Story, Aug. 1933) © 1Jul33; B194631. William Faulkner (A); 28Sep60; R263551.
 * Beyond. (In Harper's magazine, Sept. 1933) © 21Aug33; B198567. William Faulkner (A); 25Oct60; R264959.
 * A green bough. © 20Apr33; A62328. William Faulkner (A); 26Aug60; R262086.
 * Mountain victory. (In The Saturday evening post, Dec. 3, 1932) © 29Nov32; B173357. William Faulkner (A); 26Aug60; R262089.
 * A bear hunt. (In The Saturday evening post, Feb. 10, 1934) © 6Feb34; B215758. William Faulkner (A); 20Mar61; R272726.
 * Elly. (In Story, Feb. 1934) © 15Jan34; B215110. William Faulkner (A); 20Mar61; R272727.
 * Man comes, man goes. (In New republic, May 3, 1933) © 27Apr33; B187955. William Faulkner (A); 20Mar61; R272731.
 * Pennsylvania Station. (In American mercury, Feb. 1934) © 25Jan34; B218246. William Faulkner (A); 20Mar61; R272725.
 * Race's splendor. Gray the day. Night piece. Over the world's rim. (In New republic, Apr. 12, 1933) © 6Apr33; B186394. William Faulkner (A); 20Mar61; R272733.
 * Ship of night. (In New republic, Apr. 19, 1933) © 13Apr33; B186782. William Faulkner (A); 20Mar61; R272732.
 * Wash. (In Harper's magazine, Feb. 1934) © 18Jan34; B212909. William Faulkner (A); 20Mar61; R272714.
 * Ambuscade. (In The Saturday evening post, Sept. 29, 1934) © 25Sep34; B238086. William Faulkner (A); 25Sep61; R282278.
 * Doctor Martino and other stories. © 16Apr34; A71314. William Faulkner (A); 6Oct61; R283000.
 * Lo! (In Story, Nov. 1934) © 15Oct34; B244052. William Faulkner (A); 20Nov61; R285563.
 * Mule in the yard. (In Scribner's magazine, Aug. 1934) © 18Jul34; B232102. William Faulkner (A); 5Oct61; R282663.
 * Raid. (In The Saturday evening post, Nov. 3, 1934) © 30Oct34; B241825. William Faulkner (A); 30Oct61; R284130.
 * Retreat. (In The Saturday evening post, Oct. 13, 1934) © 9Oct34; B238951. William Faulkner (A); 10Oct61; R283296.

title: Author talk:William Faulkner


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 1.djvu/56

16 Exist but in imagination,

Mere phantoms of thine own creation;

For he who views that witching grace,

That perfect form, that lovely face,

With eyes admiring, oh! believe me,

He never wishes to deceive thee:

Once in thy polish'd mirror glance

Thou'lt there descry that elegance

Which from our sex demands such praises,

But envy in the other raises.—

Then he who tells thee of thy beauty,

Believe me, only does his duty:

Ah! fly not from the candid youth;

It is not flattery,—'tis truth. July, 1804.

ON A CHANGE OF MASTERS AT A GREAT PUBLIC SCHOOL.

are those honours, ! once your own,

When Probus fill'd your magisterial throne?

As ancient Rome, fast falling to disgrace,

Hail'd a Barbarian in her Cæsar's place,


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/121

Holcroft been published at Paris in 1500). The manuscript at Magdalen College, Oxford (No. lxviii.), referred to as containing this work really contains the ‘Moralitates historiarum’ (see, ''Cat. of Oxford MSS''., Magd. Coll., p. 40 a), but another manuscript in the same library (No. clviii., clix.) seems to present the text of the former under the title ‘Reductorium morale,’ with a note that ‘in Avinione fuit factum, Parisiis vero correctum et tabulatum, A.D. 1342’ (ib. p. 74), which suggests that it is a compend by a disciple. 4. ‘De prædicatoris officio.’ 5. ‘De præscientia et prædestinatione’ (once preserved at Merton College, see Bale, MS. Selden, supra, 64, f. 208). 6. ‘De fautoribus, defensoribus, et receptoribus hæreticorum libri xiv.’ 7–10. Four books of sermons. 11. ‘Determinatio Oxoniensis.’ 12. ‘Dictionarium quoddam.’ 13. ‘De motibus naturalibus.’ 14. ‘De effectibus stellarum.’ 15. ‘De ludo scaccorum libri iv.’ Of all these the ‘incipits’ are recorded, and many of them are preserved in known manuscripts. The following have only their titles quoted, with no further means of identification. 16. A commentary on Ecclesiastes. 17. ‘De immortalitate animæ.’ 18. ‘De libertate credendi.’ 19. ‘Lecturæ scholasticæ.’ 20. ‘Super quinque universalia.’ 21. ‘De amore,’ which can hardly be other than the ‘Philobiblon.’

 HOLCROFT, FRANCIS (1629?–1693), puritan divine, is said to have been the son of a knight, perhaps Sir Henry Holcroft, and to have been born at West Ham in Essex. Tillotson, afterwards archbishop of Canterbury, was his ‘chamber-fellow’ at Clare Hall, Cambridge, about 1650. While at Cambridge he embraced puritan principles, and became a communicant with the congregation of Mr. Jephcot at Swaffham Priors. He graduated M.A., was elected fellow of his college, took holy orders, and for some years voluntarily supplied the parish of Litlington, Cambridgeshire. About 1655 he accepted the living of Bassingbourne, Cambridgeshire, where he was a successful preacher, and, was assisted by the Rev. Joseph Oddy, fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. Holcroft eventually formed a church on congregational principles, and, after being ejected in 1662 from Bassingbourne, became a bitter opponent of episcopalianism. After his ejectment he formed his late parishioners into congregations at convenient centres, and acted as their minister, with the assistance of Oddy and S. Corbyn, both ejected fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge, who were appointed at a general meeting at Eversden. In 1663 Holcroft was imprisoned in Cambridge gaol, by order of Sir Thomas Chickley, for illegal preaching, but he was occasionally allowed by the warder to visit his congregations. At the assizes he was sentenced to abjure the realm, but on the Earl of Anglesea representing his case to Charles II he was allowed to remain in gaol. He was released at the Declaration of Indulgence in 1672, returned to his labours, and was again imprisoned. By means of a writ of certiorari he was removed as an insolvent debtor to the Fleet prison, London, and frequently preached there to large crowds of people. On discharging his debts he was released. During both these imprisonments he experienced much kindness from Tillotson. Until 1689 Holcroft took general charge of a number of congregations in Cambridgeshire and the adjoining counties. Soon after 1689 his health gave way, and he became a prey to melancholy, ‘which was promoted by grief for the headiness of some of his people, who turned preachers, or encouraged such as did so.’ His organization quickly came to grief, and he died on 6 Jan. 1692–3 at Triplow, Cambridgeshire, where he was buried. The inscription on his tombstone gives his age as fifty-nine, but a funeral sermon says he was in his sixty-third year. He left ‘a small estate’ to the poor of his congregations, and a piece of ground at Oakington for a burial-place. Calamy states that there is scarcely a village in Cambridgeshire in which Holcroft did not preach, and he was generally considered to have been the chief promoter of independency in that county. He wrote a tract called ‘A Word to the Saints from the Watch Tower,’ 1688. It appears to have been written while he was in Cambridge gaol.


text:
Clair de lune (tr. Faulkner)

CLAIR DE LUNE. From PAUL VERLAINE. Your soul is a lovely garden, and go There masque and bergamasque charmingly, Playing the lute and dancing and also Sad beneath their disguising fanchise.

All are singing in a minor key Of conqueror love and life opportune, Yet seem to doubt their joyous revelry As their song melts in the light of the moon.

In the calm moonlight, so lovely fair That makes the birds dream in the slender trees, While fountains dream among the statues there; Slim fountains sob in silver ecstasies.

— W. FALKNER.

Clair de lune (Verlaine)

title: Clair de lune (tr. Faulkner)


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 1.djvu/57

Rh So you, degenerate, share as hard a fate,

And seat Pomposus where your Probus sate.

Of narrow brain, yet of a narrower soul,

Pomposus holds you in his harsh controul;

Pomposus, by no social virtue sway'd,

With florid jargon, and with vain parade;

With noisy nonsense, and new-fangled rules,

(Such as were ne'er before enforc'd in schools.)

Mistaking pedantry for learning's laws,

He governs, sanction'd but by self-applause;

With him the same dire fate, attending Rome,

Ill-fated Ida! soon must stamp your doom;

Like her o'erthrown, for ever lost to fame,

No trace of science left you, but the name. , July, 1805.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/122

Holcroft HOLCROFT, THOMAS (1745–1809), dramatist, novelist, and translator, was born in Orange Court, Leicester Fields, London, on 10 Dec. 1745 (O.S.), and was baptised at St. Martin's-in-the-Fields; the name is erroneously spelt ‘Howlcroft’ in the register (Memoirs, p. 7). His father, whose christian name was also Thomas, kept a shoemaker's shop in Orange Court, and let out riding horses for hire, but falling into difficulties left London and turned pedlar. Young Holcroft accompanied his parents in their wanderings, and at the age of thirteen became a stable-boy at Newmarket, where he remained nearly three years. Returning to London he worked for some time with his father, who then kept a cobbler's stall in South Audley Street. In 1764 he went to Liverpool, where he taught children to read in a small school, but in less than a year he returned to London, and resumed his trade of a shoemaker. About this time he appears to have written occasionally for the ‘Whitehall Evening Post,’ and one of his contributions to that newspaper was transcribed into the ‘Annual Register.’ After an ineffectual attempt to set up a day-school in the country, ‘where for three months he lived upon potatoes and buttermilk, and had but one scholar,’ he obtained a situation in Granville Sharp's family. From this he was subsequently dismissed in consequence of his constant attendance at ‘a reading-room or sporting club,’ the members of which indulged in dramatic recitations (ib. p. 67). Being now utterly destitute, he resolved to enlist in the East Indian army, but abandoned his intention on securing an engagement as prompter at a Dublin Theatre through a chance introduction to Macklin. He went to Ireland in September 1770, but returned to England in March 1771. After acting with several strolling companies in the provinces for the next six years and a half with little success, Holcroft obtained in 1778 an engagement at Drury Lane Theatre at twenty shillings a week, and here his first piece, called ‘The Crisis, or Love and Famine’ (not printed), was once performed, on 1 May 1778. In 1780 Holcroft published his first novel, ‘Alwyn, or the Gentleman Comedian,’ in which some of his own adventures as a strolling actor were described under the character of Hilkirk. His first comedy, called ‘Duplicity,’ was produced at Covent Garden in October 1781. Though it proved only a first-night success, Holcroft seems to have thought his fame established, and soon afterwards gave up his engagement at Drury Lane. In 1783 he visited Paris as correspondent of the ‘Morning Herald,’ directing his attention principally ‘to the discovery of new publications,’ with a view to translating them. In the autumn of the following year he paid a second visit to Paris in order to translate Beaumarchais's ‘Mariage de Figaro.’ Being unable to obtain a copy of the comedy, and being afraid of taking notes, Holcroft with his friend Bonneville nightly attended the theatre where it was being performed until they had committed the whole of it to memory (ib. p. 126). The translation was produced at Covent Garden with great success on 14 Dec. 1784, under the title of ‘The Follies of the Day,’ Holcroft appearing as Figaro, in the absence of the actor to whom that part had been allotted. Holcroft received 600l. for this adaptation, in addition to a considerable sum for the copyright. ‘The Road to Ruin,’ his best and most successful play, was performed for the first time at Covent Garden on 18 Feb. 1792. The character of Goldfinch, and the admirable impersonation of it by Lewis the comedian, quickly established the play in popular favour. It was acted no less than thirty-eight times during the season, and became a stock piece. But though the play is rich in the traditions of many histrionic triumphs, its literary merits are not high, and it is chiefly remarkable for ‘a certain measure of appropriateness in the language, some tolerably ingenious scenes, and one or two effective but conventional characters’ (Athenæum, 8 Nov. 1873). The play was revived at the Vaudeville in London on 1 Nov. 1873, when it ran for 118 nights, and has been frequently played since. Though opposed to the use of force, Holcroft ardently embraced the principles of the French revolution, and in November 1792 became a member of the ‘Society for Constitutional Information.’ In company with Thomas Hardy (1752–1832) [q. v.] and ten others Holcroft was indicted for high treason. On 6 Oct. 1794 the Middlesex grand jury returned a true bill against him, and on the next day, having voluntarily surrendered himself at Hicks's Hall, he was committed to Newgate, where he remained until 1 Dec. following, when, in consequence of Hardy's acquittal, he was brought up to the Old Bailey, and discharged without a trial (Annual Register, 1794, Chron., p. 39).

In 1799 Holcroft, owing to financial embarrassment, sold his books and pictures and went to Hamburg. Here he attempted to set up a journal called the ‘European Repository,’ which reached the second number only. He subsequently went to Paris, where he resided for two years. During his absence his ‘Tale of Mystery’ was produced at Covent Garden on 13 Nov. 1802. This adaptation from the French, the music for which was


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/123

 composed by Thomas Busby, was pronounced by Genest to be the first and best ‘of those melo-drames with which the stage was afterwards inundated’ (Account of the English Stage, vii. 579). Holcroft returned to England in 1803, and soon afterwards set up a printing business in connection with his brother-in-law, Mercier, which proved a complete failure. Holcroft died after a long illness in Clipstone Street, Marylebone, on 23 March 1809, aged 63, and was buried at Marylebone in the larger parish cemetery on the south side of Paddington Street.

Holcroft was a stern and conscientious man, with an irascible temper, great energy, and marvellous industry. Charles Lamb [q. v.], in his letter to ‘R. S., Esq., on the Tombs in the Abbey,’ speaks of Holcroft as ‘one of the most candid, most upright, and single-meaning men’ whom he ever knew (Life, Letters, and Writings of Charles Lamb, ed. P. Fitzgerald, 1876, vi. 78), while William Godwin the elder [q. v.], with whom Holcroft was for several years very intimate, numbered him among his ‘four principal oral instructors’ (, William Godwin, i. 17). As an actor he was harsh and unsympathetic, and he appears to have taken no further part on the stage after his performance of Figaro. In spite of his poverty and many adverse circumstances, Holcroft with great tenacity of purpose contrived to educate himself creditably, and to acquire a competent knowledge of French, German, and Italian. His career, however, was one continuous struggle against misfortune, and owing to his many rash speculations and his ‘picture-dealing insanity’ his affairs were perpetually in an embarrassed condition. He married four times. His son William (by his second wife) when only sixteen committed suicide while attempting to escape to the West Indies after robbing him of 40l. in November 1789 (Memoirs, pp. 140–142). His daughter Fanny (d. 1844) was the authoress of several novels and translations, while another daughter, Louisa, became the wife of Carlyle's friend Badams (, Reminiscences, ed. C. E. Norton, 1887, i. 93–95). His widow, whose maiden name was Louisa Mercier, remarried James Kenney [q. v.], the dramatic writer.

One of the three portraits of Holcroft, which were painted at different times by his friend John Opie, is now in the National Portrait Gallery. There are engravings of Holcroft in the ‘European Magazine’ (vol. xxii. opp. p. 403), the ‘Register of the Times’ (vol. ii. opp. p. 4), the ‘Monthly Mirror’ (vol. viii. opp. p. 323), and in the first volume of his ‘Memoirs,’ 1816.

The ‘Memoirs written by himself and continued down to the time of his death, from his Diary, Notes, and other Papers,’ were edited by his friend William Hazlitt. Though completed in 1810, they were not published until 1816, London, 12mo, 3 vols. They were reprinted in a slightly abridged form in 1852 as part of Longman's ‘Travellers' Library,’ London, 8vo. The account of his life down to his fifteenth year (pp. 7–65), and his diary from 22 June 1798 to 12 March 1799 (pp. 190–256) were written by Holcroft himself, while the remaining portion of the ‘Memoirs’ were compiled by Hazlitt. Some of Holcroft's correspondence is appended to the ‘Memoirs’ (pp. 269–315). Thomas Moore regarded the ‘Memoirs’ as ‘amongst the most interesting specimens of autobiography we have’ (, Memoirs, ii. 167). Many of Holcroft's letters to Godwin are printed in Mr. Paul's ‘William Godwin.’ Two or three of his dramatic pieces were set to music by his friend Shield, who also composed the music for several songs which Holcroft wrote for Vauxhall, some of which became very popular.

Holcroft was a most prolific writer, and appears to have contributed to the ‘Westminster Magazine,’ the ‘Wit's Magazine,’ the ‘Town and Country Magazine,’ and to the early numbers of the ‘English Review.’ According to Hazlitt, Holcroft also wrote for the ‘Monthly Review,’ but from an entry in the diary this would seem not to have been the case (Memoirs, pp. 184, 199). Owing to the violent political prejudices against him, some of Holcroft's plays were printed without his name. He published the following works in addition to numerous translations from the French of Madame de Genlis, M. Savary, and other writers besides those mentioned: 1. ‘Elegies: I. On the Death of Samuel Foote, Esq.; II. On Age,’ London, 1777, 4to. 2. ‘A Plain … Narrative of the late Riots in London, … Westminster, and … Southwark, … with an Account of the Commitment of Lord G. Gordon to the Tower, &c. … By William Vincent of Gray's Inn,’ London, 1780, 8vo; the second edition, corrected, with an appendix, London, 1780, 8vo. 3. ‘Alwyn, or the Gentleman Comedian’ [a novel], anon., London, 1780, 12mo. 4. ‘Duplicity,’ a comedy [in five acts and in prose], &c., London, 1781, 8vo, third edition, London, 1782, 8vo; another edition, Dublin, 1782, 12mo. This comedy was cut down to three acts, and revived at Covent Garden Theatre as ‘The Mask'd Friend,’ 6 May 1796. 5. ‘Human Happiness, or The Sceptic,’ a poem in six cantos, London, 1783, 4to. 6. ‘The Family Picture, or Domestic Dialogues on Amiable … Subjects,’ London, 1783, 12mo, 2 vols.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/124

 7. ‘The Noble Peasant,’ a comic opera in three acts [in prose, with songs], London, 1784, 8vo. 8. ‘Tales of the Castle, or Stories of Instruction and Delight. Being Les Veillées du Château, written in French by Madame la Comtesse de Genlis. … Translated into English,’ &c., London, 1785, 12mo, 5 vols.; another edition, Dublin, 1785, 12mo, 4 vols.; third edition, London, 1787, 12mo, 5 vols.; eighth edition, London, 1806, 12mo, 5 vols.; another edition, forming part of Walker's ‘British Classics,’ London, 1817, 12mo. 9. ‘The Follies of a Day, or the Marriage of Figaro, a Comedy [in five acts and in prose] … from the French of M. de Beaumarchais,’ London, 1785, 8vo; a new edition, London, 1785, 8vo; in three acts [with alterations by J. P. Kemble], London, 1811, 8vo. 10. ‘The Choleric Fathers,’ a comic opera [in three acts, in prose and verse], London, 1785, 8vo. 11. ‘An Amourous Tale of the Chaste Loves of Peter the Long … and the History of the Lover's Well. Imitated from the original French’ [of L. E. Billardon de Sauvigny], &c.; from the original manuscript of ‘Mr. D. C. L. P.,’ London, 1786, 8vo. 12. ‘Seduction,’ a comedy [in five acts and in prose], London, 1787, 8vo; third edition, London, 1787, 8vo. 13. ‘The Life of Baron Frederic Trenck, containing his Adventures … also Anecdotes, Historical, Political, and Personal. Translated from the German,’ &c. (‘Anecdotes of the Life of Alexander Schell … written as a Supplement to my own History’), London, 1788, 12mo, 3 vols.; another edition, Boston [U.S.] U[nited] S[tates], 1792, 12mo; another edition, London, 1795, 12mo, 3 vols.; third edition, London, 1800, 12mo, 3 vols.; the fourth edition, London, 1817, 8vo, 3 vols.; another edition, London, 1835, 12mo; another edition, forming vols. xxvi. and xxvii. of Cassell's National Library, London, 1886, 16mo. 14. ‘Posthumous Works of Frederic II, King of Prussia’ (translated from the French), London, 1789, 8vo, 13 vols. 15. ‘The School for Arrogance,’ a comedy [in five acts, in prose], &c., London, 1791, 8vo; second edition, London, 1791, 8vo. 16. ‘The Road to Ruin,’ a comedy [in five acts and in prose], &c., London, 1792, 8vo; second edition, London, 1792, 8vo; fourth edition, London, 1792, 8vo; fifth edition, London, 1792, 8vo; sixth edition, London, 1792, 8vo; ninth edition, London, 1792, 8vo. It has been reprinted in a number of dramatic collections, and has been translated into German and Danish. 17. ‘Anna St. Ives,’ a novel, &c., London, 1792, 12mo, 7 vols. 18. ‘Essays on Physiognomy; for the Promotion of the Knowledge and the Love of Mankind. Written in the German Language by J. C. Lavater, and translated into English,’ &c., London, 1793, 8vo, 3 vols. A cheap abridgment in one volume was published in the same year, London, 12mo. 19. ‘Love's Frailties,’ a comedy in five acts [in prose], &c., London, 1794, 8vo. 20. ‘The Adventures of Hugh Trevor,’ &c., London, 1794–7, 12mo, 6 vols.; third edition, London, 1801, 12mo, 4 vols. ‘Traduit de l'anglais par le Cit. Cantwell,’ Paris, 1798, 12mo, 4tom. 21. ‘The Deserted Daughter,’ a comedy, &c. [in five acts and in prose, founded on Cumberland's ‘Fashionable Lover’], anon., London, 1795, 8vo; second edition, London, 1795, 8vo; third edition, London, 1795, 8vo; fourth edition, London, 1795, 8vo; another edition, New York, 1806, 12mo. It has been translated into Danish. ‘The Steward, or Fashion and Feeling, a Comedy in five acts (founded upon the “Deserted Daughter”),’ &c., was published anonymously in 1819, London, 8vo. 22. ‘A Narrative of Facts relating to a Prosecution for High Treason, including the Address to the Jury which the Court refused to hear; with Letters to the Attorney-General … and Vicary Gibbs, Esq., and the Defence the Author had prepared if he had been brought to trial,’ London, 1795, 8vo, 2 parts. 23. ‘A Letter to the Right Hon. W. Windham on the intemperance and dangerous tendency of his public conduct,’ London, 1795, 8vo. 24. ‘The Man of Ten Thousand,’ a comedy [in five acts and in prose], London, 1796, 8vo; third edition, London, 1796, 8vo. 25. ‘Knave or not?’ a comedy in five acts [and in prose], London, 1798, 8vo; second edition, London, 1798, 8vo. 26. ‘The Inquisitor,’ a play in five acts [and in prose, taken from a German play called ‘Diego und Leonor’], &c., anon., London, 1798, 8vo. Another play founded on the same piece was published in the same year by Pye and Andrews, but was never acted. 27. ‘He's Much to Blame,’ a comedy in five acts [and in prose], anon., London, 1798, 8vo; fourth edition, London, 1798, 8vo. Though attributed to Holcroft in his ‘Memoirs,’ the authorship of it has been ascribed to Fenwick (, vii. 360–1). 28. ‘Herman and Dorothea,’ a poem from the German of Goethe, London, 1801, 8vo. 29. ‘Deaf and Dumb, or the Orphan Protected,’ an historical drama, in five acts [and in prose], taken from the French of M. Bouilly, and adapted to the English stage, anon., London, 1801, 8vo; fifth edition, London, 1802, 8vo. 30. ‘A Tale of Mystery, a Melodrame’ [in two acts and in prose], London, 1802, 8vo; third edition, London, 1813, 8vo. 31. ‘Hear both Sides,’ a comedy [in five acts and in prose], London, 1803, 8vo; third edition, London, 1803, 8vo. 32. ‘Travels from Hamburg, through


text:
The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 1/Lines written in "Letters of an Italian Nun and an English Gentleman, by J. J. Rousseau: Founded on Facts"

Réponse aux vers précédents, adressés à miss ***


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/125

 Westphalia, Holland, and the Netherlands, to Paris,’ London, 1804, 4to, 2 vols. The second volume contains translations of two dramatic proverbs by Carmontel, viz. ‘The Two Friends’ (pp. 58–61) and ‘The Play is Over’ (pp. 63–9). Another edition, abridged by J. Fulton, Glasgow, 1804, 8vo. A summary of these travels appeared in the second volume of ‘A Collection of Modern … Voyages.’ 33. ‘The Lady of the Rock, a Melodrame in two acts’ [and in prose], London, 1805, 8vo; second edition, London, 1805, 8vo. 34. ‘Memoirs of Bryan Perdue,’ a novel, London, 1805, 12mo, 3 vols. 35. ‘The Theatrical Recorder. By Thomas Holcroft,’ London, 1805–6, 8vo, 2 vols. (with supplement). This came out in monthly parts, and contains a number of translations by his daughter, Fanny Holcroft. 36. ‘The Vindictive Man,’ a comedy in five acts [and in prose], &c., London, 1806, 8vo. 37. ‘Tales in Verse: Critical, Satirical, and Humorous,’ London, 1806, 12mo, 2 vols.

Holcroft also appears to have written three afterpieces: ‘The Shepherdess of the Alps,’ produced at Covent Garden Theatre 18 Jan. 1780, ‘The Maid of the Vale,’ and ‘The Old Clothesman,’ produced at Covent Garden for the second time 3 April 1799; two comedies: ‘The German Hotel,’ produced at Covent Garden 11 Nov. 1790, and ‘The Force of Ridicule,’ acted but once, at Drury Lane Theatre 6 Dec. 1796, not printed; a tragedy, ‘Ellen, or the Fatal Cave;’ a musical entertainment, ‘The Escapes, or the Water-Carrier,’ produced at Covent Garden 14 Oct. 1801, with Fawcett and Incledon in the chief parts, not printed; a prelude, ‘The Rival Queens,’ acted at Covent Garden 15 Sept. 1794; and ‘The Indian Exiles,’ from Kotzebue.

 HOLDEN, GEORGE (1783–1865), theological writer, only son of the Rev. George Holden, LL.D., head-master of the free grammar school at Horton-in-Ribblesdale, Yorkshire, was born at that place in 1783. He was educated at the Glasgow University, where he graduated. In 1811 he was presented to the perpetual curacy of the village of Maghull, near Liverpool. Living there in seclusion he read and wrote much. He succeeded his father as vicar of Horton in 1821, but resigned that living in 1825, preferring to devote himself to Maghull. He died suddenly at Maghull on 19 March 1865, aged 81. He was not married. His large library and more than half of his property were left for the benefit of clergy of the diocese of Ripon, who had not the means of gaining easy access to books (, Funeral Sermon). The library is kept at the Palace, Ripon.

Holden's works prove him to be an accomplished hebraist and an able Christian apologist. Their titles are: 1. ‘An Attempt towards an Improved Version of the Proverbs of Solomon,’ 1819. 2. ‘The Scripture Testimonies to the Divinity of Our Lord Jesus Christ,’ 1820. 3. ‘An Attempt to Illustrate the Book of Ecclesiastes,’ 1822. 4. ‘A Dissertation on the Fall of Man,’ 1823. 5. ‘The Christian Sabbath,’ 1825. 6. ‘The Christian Expositor or Practical Guide to … the New Testament,’ 1830. 7. ‘The Christian Expositor of the Old Testament,’ 1834. 8. ‘Scriptural Vindication of Church Establishments,’ 1836. 9. ‘The Authority of Tradition in Matters of Religion,’ 1838. 10. ‘A Treatise on Justification,’ 1840. 11. ‘A Lecture on the Means requisite for the Profitable reading of the Holy Scriptures,’ 1842. 12. ‘The Anglican Catechist,’ 1855. 13. ‘An Explanation of some Scriptural Terms,’ 1856. 14. ‘An Essay on the Angels of the Church,’ 1862. 15. ‘The Ordinance of Preaching Investigated,’ 1863. For many years he compiled the ‘Liverpool Tide Tables,’ which were begun by his grandfather and continued by his father.

 HOLDEN, HENRY, D.D. (1596–1662), Roman catholic divine, was the son of Richard Holden, owner of a small estate at Chaigley, near Clitheroe, on the northern slope of Longridge Fell (Palatine Note-book, Manchester, 1882, p. 217). He was born in 1596, and on 18 Sept. 1618 he went to Douay, taking there the name of Johnson, and in 1623 he proceeded to Paris, where he gra-


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 1/On a Change of Masters at a Great Public School


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/126

 duated D.D. at the Sorbonne, and was appointed a professor. He was naturalised, became confessor to the church of St. Nicolas du Chardonnet, and was one of the vicars-general of the diocese of Paris. In 1633 he took charge, during Thomas Carre's absence on a journey, of the three English Austin nuns, who had just arrived in order to found a convent. He threw himself into the heated controversy between the secular and regular clergy, and shortly after 1631 is said to have gone to Rome to assist Peter Fitton or Fytton (alias Peter Biddulph) in averting the dissolution of the English chapter. In 1647 he petitioned the House of Commons for toleration for catholics on condition of taking an oath of allegiance. He apparently expected better terms from the roundheads than from the cavaliers, which would account for his being described by Sir Edward Nicholas in 1651–2 as one of Cromwell's ‘pestilent agents’ in Paris, as ‘a great man with some at the Louvre,’ and as doing the royalists much mischief (, Letters, Camden Soc. 1886). In 1651, moreover, Robert Pugh published in his ‘Blackloe's Cabal’ (see ) private letters written by Holden, in one of which, addressed to Sir Kenelm Digby, he said: ‘If the independents do continue to second us, I fear not but Rome will content us; if not we shall find satisfaction elsewhere, and if the pope will not send us bishops it must be done without him.’ In 1652 Holden published at Paris ‘Divinæ Fidei Analysis,’ a concise exposition of catholic articles of faith as distinguished from matters of opinion. A short treatise on schism was appended to it. It was reprinted at Cologne in 1655 and 1782, and at Paris in 1685 and 1767, and in 1658 was translated into English by ‘W. G.’ A ‘Tractatus de Usura’ was prefixed to the second edition of this work. In 1656 Holden was engaged in a controversy with Antoine Arnault, the Jansenist, and Feret, parish priest of St. Nicolas du Chardonnet; his letters to Arnault were printed in the later editions of the ‘Analysis.’ In 1657 he published at Paris ‘A Letter to a Friend,’ &c., in defence of Blackloe. In 1660 he issued ‘Novum Testamentum brevibus annotationibus illustratum;’ in 1661 a letter gently criticising Thomas White's treatise on the intermediate state; and in the same year addressed a letter in Latin to an English friend on certain propositions extracted from White's writings. This latter letter was printed in the ‘Analysis,’ and probably also separately; in 1662 he published ‘A Check; or Enquiry into the late Act of the Roman Inquisition,’ &c. The manuscript of a treatise on the truth of Christianity, sent for perusal to a friend in England, was lost during the civil war. Du Pin considers Holden one of the ablest controversialists of his time. A rough passage, on returning from a visit to England in 1661, brought on quartan ague, and he died at Paris in March 1662. He appointed Carre his executor, and left most of his furniture, besides a sum of five hundred pistoles, to the English Conceptionist convent, of which he had been director since its removal in 1658 from Nieuport. He made other bequests to English subjects in France. Five years afterwards, when these had been paid, the French crown claimed the money, the droit d'aubaine precluding foreigners from inheriting property. There was a threat of seizing the newly founded St. Gregory's seminary to satisfy the claim, but through the exertions of Edward Lutton, the Austin nuns' chaplain, it was compromised by the payment of three thousand livres, lent by Walter Montagu.

 HOLDEN, LAWRENCE (1710–1778), dissenting divine, was born at Bolton, Lancashire, in 1710, and educated for the ministry under Charles Owen, D.D., at Warrington. His first settlement was at Whitworth, Lancashire, whence he removed to Doncaster, West Riding, in 1735, and finally about 1740 to Maldon, Essex. He did not subscribe as required by the Toleration Act, his opinions being unitarian; hence there was a secession from his congregation at Maldon. On his publishing a volume of sermons, Secker offered him preferment if he would conform. Sherlock, bishop of London, stopped a prosecution with which he was threatened when he opened a school at Maldon. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the charge of the English presbyterian congregation at Rotterdam. His visit to Holland however introduced him to the works of foreign divines, of which he made use in his critical commentaries. He died on 4 Aug. 1778. He married first (before 1735) a daughter of A. Whitworth, by whom he had a son and two daughters; secondly (about 1740) a daughter of John Slack of Elmsall, West Riding, by whom he had eight children. His widow died on 7 January 1808, aged 85.

He published: 1. ‘Twenty-two Sermons,’ &c., 1755, 8vo. 2. ‘The Vanity of Crying to God,’ &c., 1757, 8vo. 3. ‘A Paraphrase on … Job, Psalms, Proverbs, and Eccle-


text: Talk:Clair de lune (tr. Faulkner)

title: Talk:Clair de lune (tr. Faulkner)


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/127

 siastes,’ &c., 1763, 8vo, 4 vols. 4. ‘A Paraphrase on … Isaiah,’ &c., Chelmsford, 1776, 8vo, 2 vols.

, the younger (1752–1844), dissenting divine, son of the preceding, was born at Maldon on 15 Dec. 1752. In 1766 he entered the Hoxton Academy, and went through a six years' course of study for the dissenting ministry under Savage, Kippis, and Rees. While at Hoxton he was much influenced by his father's friend, Caleb Fleming, D.D. [q. v.], whose biography he edited. On 5 July 1772 he entered the ministry at Tenterden, Kent, as assistant to Cornelius Hancock, whom he succeeded as pastor in May 1774. Here he ministered for over seventy-one years, assisted from 1827 by Edward Talbot. He began his ministry at the age of nineteen and continued it to the age of ninety-one. He died at Tenterden on 19 March 1844 and was buried on 26 March. A memorial sermon was preached at Maidstone on 14 April by William Stevens. He married (January 1777) a daughter of James Blackmore, who died without issue many years before her husband. He published a few sermons (1810–14) and lectures on the evidences (1820).

HOLDEN, MOSES (1777–1864), astronomer, was born at Bolton, Lancashire, on 21 Nov. 1777. As a youth he worked in a foundry at Preston, until disabled by an accident. On his recovery he occupied himself first as a landscape gardener, then as a weaver. Early in life he possessed a strong love of astronomy, and he collected a library that was remarkable for one in his station. In 1814–15 he constructed a large orrery and an ingenious magic-lantern. These were made for the purpose of illustrating his astronomical lectures, which were first given in the Theatre Royal, Preston, in 1815, and afterwards in many towns in the north of England. In 1818 he published ‘A small Celestial Atlas, or Maps of the Visible Heavens, in the Latitude of Britain,’ 3rd edit. 1834, 4th edit. 1840. It was one of the earliest works of the kind published at a low price. He also compiled an almanac, published in 1835 and later. In 1826 he devoted the proceeds of one of his lectures to the erection of a monument in St. Michael's Church, Toxteth, Liverpool, to the memory of Jeremiah Horrocks the astronomer. He assisted in establishing the Preston Institution for the Diffusion of Knowledge, and in 1834 the freedom of the borough was conferred on him. He died at Preston on 3 June 1864, aged 86.

HOLDER, WILLIAM (1616–1698), divine, was born in Nottinghamshire in 1616. He matriculated at Cambridge as a scholar of Pembroke Hall on 4 July 1633, and after proceeding M.A. in 1640, was elected a fellow of his college. About 1642 he obtained the rectory of Bletchington, Oxfordshire, and on 21 March 1643 was incorporated M.A. at Oxford (, Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 59). On 25 June 1652 he was collated by Bishop Wren to the third prebendal stall in Ely Cathedral, but was not installed until 22 Sept. 1660 (, Fasti, ed. Hardy, i. 357). He gained considerable reputation in 1659 by teaching a deaf-mute, Alexander Popham, son of Colonel Edward Popham, to speak. Popham afterwards relapsing into dumbness was sent to Dr. John Wallis, who restored his speech. At the Restoration Holder proceeded D.D. at Oxford, and on 27 Jan. 1662 was presented by Bishop Wren to the rectory of Northwold in Norfolk (, Norfolk, 8vo ed. ii. 220), and also to that of Tidd St. Giles's in the Isle of Ely. On 20 May 1663 he was elected F.R.S. (, Hist. of Royal Society, App. iv. p. xxii). To the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ for May 1668 (iii. 665–8) he contributed ‘An Experiment concerning Deafness.’ In 1669 he published ‘Elements of Speech, an Essay of Inquiry into the natural production of Letters; with an Appendix concerning persons Deaf and Dumb.’ Burney (Hist. of Music, iii. 598–9) commends the book to the perusal of lyric poets and composers of vocal music as pointing out harsh combinations of letters and syllables. In the appendix Holder relates how he taught Popham to speak. As a supplement to the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ of 3 July 1670 he wrote ‘Reflexions on Dr. Wallis's Letter to Mr. Boyle concerning an Essay of Teaching a person Deaf and Dumb to speak and understand a Language.’ Wallis had claimed the merit of having taught Popham. Holder was also eminent in music. An evening service in C and two anthems by him are in the Tudway collection (Harleian MSS. 7338 and 7339). He was installed prebendary of Isledon in St. Paul's Cathedral on 16 Nov. 1672, and was also one of the canons residentiary of that Church (, Repertorium, i. 168). On 2 Sept. 1674 he was sworn sub-dean of the Chapel Royal (Old Cheque Book, Camd. Soc. p. 16), and was chosen sub-almoner


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/128

Holderness to the king. He was a great disciplinarian. Michael Wise [q. v.] used to call him ‘Mr. Snub-Dean.’ For the gentlemen of the Chapel Royal he wrote a very able work entitled ‘A Treatise on the Natural Grounds and Principles of Harmony,’ 1694 (another edition, with additions by G. Keller, 1731). He was, however, compelled to resign his sub-deanery, according to the ‘Old Cheque Book’ (p. 19) before Christmas 1689. Luttrell (Brief Historical Relation, i. 425) writes that he was ‘to be displac't’ in December 1687. On 25 May 1687 he was preferred by the dean and chapter of St. Paul's to the rectory of Therfield, Hertfordshire (, Hertfordshire, iii. 589), and during his incumbency he gave the treble and saints' bell, and built the gallery in the belfry (, Hertfordshire, p. 349). His last work, ‘A Discourse concerning Time, with Application of the Natural Day, and Lunar Month, and Solar Year as natural; and of such as are derived from them, as artificial parts of time, for measures in civil and common use; for the better understanding of the Julian Year and Calendar,’ appeared in 1694 (other editions in 1701 and 1712). Holder died on 24 Jan. 1697–8 in his eighty-second year, at Hertford (Probate Act Book, P.C.C. 1698, f. 36b), and was buried by his wife in the undercroft of St. Paul's, where there is a monument to his memory (, Church of Ely, p. 248). He married in 1643 Susanna, only daughter of Christopher Wren, dean of Windsor and Wolverhampton, and sister of Sir Christopher Wren (, Fasti Oxon. i. 393). She died on 30 June 1688. Holder had a considerable share in the education of Sir Christopher Wren.

 HOLDING, HENRY JAMES (1833–1872), artist, youngest son of Henry Holding, an amateur painter, was born at Salford, Lancashire, in November 1833. At an early age he was employed as a pattern-designer to calico-printers, but soon took to the career of an artist, following the example of three of his brothers. All the members of the family were artists, but none received any regular art training. Before attaining his majority, Holding exhibited in Manchester, Liverpool, and London, his favourite subjects being marine and torrent scenery, which he painted in both oil and water-colours. His last work, ‘Bettws-y-Coed,’ exhibited in 1872, was considered his best. Another excellent picture is his ‘Finding of the Body of Rufus by the Charcoal-burners,’ exhibited in 1862. He died on 2 Aug. 1872 in Paris, whither he had gone on a sketching tour and for the benefit of his health. He was buried in the English cemetery at Paris, since demolished.

An elder brother, (1817–1874), long resident in Manchester, painted with success in water-colours, showing much skill in figure-drawing. He drew the illustrations for Southey's ‘Battle of Blenheim,’ Manchester, 1864, and other books, and towards the close of his life was scenic artist at the Theatre Royal and the Prince's Theatre, Manchester.

 HOLDSWORTH, DANIEL, D.D., (1558?–1595?), classical scholar. [See .]]

HOLDSWORTH, EDWARD (1684–1746), Latin poet and classical scholar, son of Thomas Holdsworth, rector of North Stoneham, Hampshire, was born there on 6 Aug. 1684, and baptised on 3 Sept. He was educated at Winchester College, and in 1694 was elected a scholar at the age of nine. On 14 Dec. 1704 he matriculated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, but in July of the following year migrated to Magdalen College, on his election as a demy, graduating B.A. on 22 June 1708, and M.A. on 18 April 1711. For some years he remained at Oxford as tutor of his college, but in 1715, when his turn came to be chosen fellow, he resigned his post and quitted the university, through his objection to recognise the new government by taking the oath of allegiance. During the rest of his life he acted as tutor at the houses of those who shared his political opinions, or travelled abroad with their children. Pope wrote to him (December 1737), asking him to support Harte's candidature for the poetry-professorship at Oxford, (, Works, Courthope's ed. x. 226–7). Spence met Holdsworth at Florence in 1732, and in the ‘Polymetis’ (2nd edit. pp. 174, 277) praises him for understanding Virgil best of any man that he ever knew, and for being ‘better acquainted with Italy as classic ground than any man’ then living. It was the habit of Holdsworth to study Virgil's works


text:
Page:The American Indian.djvu/482

416 Bread, acorn, ; cassava root, ; coonti roots, -; hemlock bark, ; tuckahoe and persimmon,

Breadth, of head, ,

Bricks, made in Mexico,

Bridges, suspension, in Peru,

Bronze, Age, ; made in Inca area, ; use of in the New World, -,

Brush shelters,

Buffalo, dependence on, by Plains Indians,, ; hair, used as fiber, ; hair, spinning, ; hair weaving, northern extension of,. See also bison

Building, art, diffusion of, ; northern limits of Nahua, -

Buildings, Peru and Yucatan, differences in, ; stone, Pueblo and Eskimo areas,

Bull-boat, ,

Bundles, ceremonial, ; rituals for,

Burial, form of,, ; in gravel banks, Mississippi-Ohio area, ; mound, distribution, -, ; platform, guanaco area, ; urn, , , ,

"Burning Cannibal," distribution of story,

Cache, important invention caribou area, -; pits, North Atlantic area, ,

Cahokia mound, ,

Calabash rattle, distribution of,

Calchaqui,, , ; stock, , ,

Calendar, system, Maya,, ; Maya, aid to establishing chronology,

California area, archæological characterization of, ; characterization of culture, -,

California culture traits, in Plateau area,

Calpulli, function of, among Nahua,

Calumet, pipe, ; procedure, Southeastern area,

Camas, chief root used in salmon area, ; roasting, distribution of,

Canadian area, archæological characterization of,

Cane, baskets, -,, , ; tube, for smoking,

Cannibal, cult, North Pacific Coast tribes, ; feast, Amazon tribes, ; society, Nootka,

Cannibalism, Inca area, ; South Atlantic area,

Canoe culture, Amazon area,

Canoes, -; West Indies,

Carib,, , , , , ; stock, , ,

Caribou area,, ; tribal groups in, ; dependence of Canadian tribes and Eskimo upon, ,

Caribou, range of, ; range and importance of in Mackenzie area,

Carving, in Columbia Basin, ; distribution of,, ; ivory, ; North Pacific Coast area, , ; wood, , ; stone,

Casas Grandes, ,

Cassava, area of cultivation, ; preparation for use,. See Manioc

Catlinite, use of in Great Lakes area,

Cattle, introduction of, ,

Cave culture, in the Old and New Worlds,

Cedarbark, fiber, ; weaving, ,

Ceilings, ; absence of vaulted, Nahua buildings,

Celt,, ; hafted, ; Iroquoian area, ; jadeite,

Central Algonkin,, , , , ,

Central Mexico, archæological characterization of,

Cephalic index, distribution in the New World, -; rapid change in, immigrant population of United States, -; range and variability of, ; tribal groups, according to culture areas,

Ceramic arts, -

title: Page:The American Indian.djvu/482


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/129

 on the spot where they were written, and he always carried some interleaved editions with him to jot down the observations as they arose in his mind. He was especially fond of the ‘Georgics,’ and long meditated a new edition with copious notes. Rome and its antiquities were objects of his close study. He visited that city in 1741, in the company of George Pitt, and in September 1742 he paid, in company with the Rev. Thomas Townson, Mr. Drake, and Mr. Dawkins, long visits to France and Italy, returning home with Townson by way of Mont Cenis in the autumn of 1745. While at Rome in 1741, a sketch of Holdsworth, representing him as very handsome, was taken by Carlo Francesco Ponzone Milanese, a copy of which was made for Magdalen College Library. The friends were met on their last visit to Rome by Russell, the reputed author of ‘Letters from a Young Painter Abroad,’ and painted in a ‘conversation piece,’ afterwards the property of the Drake family, the likeness of Holdsworth being especially good. In return for this civility some particulars by him and Townson of the newer statues and pictures found at Herculaneum were supplied to Russell (cf. letters 32 and 34). Curiosity led Holdsworth on one occasion into a drain made by Claudius for emptying a lake, when he caught a rheumatism which he never completely shook off. He died of fever at Lord Digby's house, near Coleshill, Warwickshire, on 30 Dec. 1746, and was buried in the church on 4 Jan. Charles Jennens of Gopsall in Leicestershire, to whom he left his notes on Virgil, placed a plain black marble stone above his grave. In 1764 a monument to his memory, with a long Latin inscription, and with a figure of Religion by Roubiliac, was erected in an Ionic temple built by Jennens in the wood at Gopsall known by the name of the Racecourse. The temple fell down in 1835, when the cenotaph was removed into the gardens on the east side of the mansion. The original structure is described at length in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ for April 1791, pp. 305–6, and in Nichols's ‘Leicestershire,’ iv. pt. ii. 857–8. A poor acrostic on his character was composed by Sneyd Davies, and inserted in the ‘Gentleman's Magazine’ for September 1793, p. 847, and in Nichols's ‘Illustrations of Literature,’ i. 533–4.

Holdsworth's most famous production was the ‘Muscipula sive Cambro-muo-machia [anon.] Londini, ,’ which appeared without his consent, and without any printer's name, being ‘very full of faults it had no title to.’ It was at once published in a correct form by its author, with a dedication to Robert Lloyd, fellow-commoner of Magdalen College, and was immediately reproduced by Curll, all three editions bearing the date of 1709. A rival wit, said to be one Richards of Jesus College, Oxford, resented this ridicule of his Welsh fellow-countrymen, and retaliated in the same year with a Latin imitation of ‘Χοιροχωρογραφία, sive Hoglandiæ descriptio,’ a satire on Hampshire, Holdsworth's native county. ‘Muscipula,’ which was composed at Sacheverell's instigation, and was written, it is said, ‘with the purity of Virgil and the pleasantry of Lucian,’ obtained and deserved great favour. It was republished in 1712, in Curll's ‘Collection of Original Poems,’ 1714, in Curll's ‘Musæ Britannicæ,’ Edward Popham's ‘Selecta Poemata Anglorum,’ ii. 1–14, Archdeacon Edward Cobden's ‘Discourses and Essays,’ and in the collections of Holdsworth's works, published in 1749 and 1768. Translations were made by Samuel Cobb [q. v.], a gentleman of Oxford, in 1709 and 1722 (the first being called ‘Taffy's Triumph,’ and the second ‘The Cambro-Britannic Engineer’); by a Cantab in 1709; by an anonymous versifier in that year; by Archdeacon Cobden in 1718 (afterwards included in his ‘Discourses and Essays,’ with a poetic letter to Holdsworth, his ‘chum’ at Winchester College); by R. Lewis in 1728; by Dr. John Hoadly in Holdsworth's ‘Dissertation,’ 1749, and in Dodsley's ‘Collection of Poems,’ v. 258–68; and by Richard Graves in 1793. Of these versions the author's favourite was that by Hoadly, which he pronounced ‘exceedingly well done.’

The other writings of Holdsworth dealt with Virgil. There appeared in his lifetime a volume entitled ‘Pharsalia and Philippi; or the two Philippi in Virgil's Georgics, attempted to be explain'd and reconciled to History. In several letters to a friend [i.e. Charles Jennens], and published at his request. By Mr. Holdsworth,’ 1742. After his death came out ‘Dissertations upon eight verses in the Second Book of Virgil's Georgics [lines 65–72]. To which is added a New Edition of the Muscipula, together with a New Translation,’ 1749. Both of these treatises, with several other articles, were embodied in ‘Remarks and Dissertations on Virgil, with some other Classical Observations, by the late Mr. Holdsworth. Published, with several Notes and additional Remarks, by Mr. Spence,’ 1768, a labour in which the editor obtained the assistance of Lowth, afterwards bishop of London. Many of these notes had previously appeared in the edition of Virgil by Joseph Warton of Winchester (1753 and 1763, in 4 vols.), and several were included in Spence's ‘Anecdotes’ (ed. Malone, 1820), pp. 256–71, but most of these


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/130

 were omitted by Singer in his editions of that collection. The substance of the 1768 edition of ‘Remarks’ was embodied in ‘Miscellanea Virgiliana. By a Graduate of Cambridge, editor of the Theatre of the Greeks and Miscellanea Græca Dramatica,’ Cambridge, 1825, a collection compiled by Philip Wentworth Buckham.

Holdsworth's plan of rebuilding Magdalen College in the Palladian style was approved of and commenced in 1733, but only a block, called the New Buildings, was executed. To the building fund he bequeathed 100l.

HOLDSWORTH, RICHARD (1590–1649), theologian, was the youngest son of the Rev. Richard Holdsworth, vicar of Newcastle-on-Tyne, where he was born in 1590. His father died in 1596, leaving his child to the care of a son-in-law, the Rev. William Pearson or Pierson, who was curate and lecturer in the parish church of Newcastle (, Newcastle, i. 312). Holdsworth was educated at the grammar school of that town, whence he proceeded to Cambridge, and was admitted scholar of St. John's College on 2 Nov. 1607. He took the degree of B.A. in 1610, was elected fellow of St. John's on 20 March 1613, and took holy orders soon afterwards. He shared in the educational work of the college, and among his pupils was Sir Simonds D'Ewes, who speaks of him with admiration (Autobiography, i. 107). In 1617 he was incorporated M.A. at Oxford (, Fasti, i. 828), and in 1620 was one of the university preachers at Cambridge. Soon after this he became chaplain to Sir Henry Hobart [q. v.], and was presented to a benefice in the West Riding of Yorkshire, which he at once exchanged for the rectory of St. Peter-le-Poer in Broad Street, London.

Early in 1624 he entered upon his parochial life in London, and gained great credit for the zealous discharge of his clerical duties during the plague of 1625. He soon became one of the most famous preachers in London, and was reckoned as belonging to the moderate puritan party. In consequence of his reputation for learning and eloquence he was appointed on 28 Nov. 1629 professor of divinity in Gresham College, where his Latin lectures were attended by crowded audiences. It is a sign of the repute in which he was held that he was called to the deathbed of Sir Robert Cotton in 1631 (, Court and Times of Charles I, ii. 112).

The management of St. John's College under the mastership of Owen Gwynne had not been creditable, and on his death in 1633 the younger fellows, wishing for a man of high character from outside, chose Holdsworth as their candidate. The senior fellows chose the president, Dr. Lane, known as a genial boon companion. Lane sent a friend to Charles I, who wrote from Berwick recommending Lane for election. Each side claimed to have carried its candidate, and both were presented to the vice-chancellor, who refused to admit either, and the matter was referred to the king. Charles I appointed a commission to investigate; and after eight months' dispute, the king, on 20 Feb. 1634, declared against both elections, and issued his mandate for the election of a third person, William Beale (the copious records of this struggle, which is interesting in academical history, are to be found in Cal. State Papers, 1633–4, pp. 105, 120, 185, 269, 270, and the MSS. University Library, Cambridge, Patrick Papers, pp. 22, 16). Holdsworth, although worsted in the contest, succeeded to the archdeaconry of Huntingdon and prebend of Buckden, which had been held by the late master.

Holdsworth again applied himself to his Gresham lectures, but was elected to the mastership of Emmanuel College on 25 April 1637. The first master, Laurence Chaderton [q. v.], was still alive, though he had been induced to resign his office in 1622 with a view of modifying the rigid puritanism which had marked the early years of the college. He had outlived two successors, and Holdsworth came as the third. It says much for Holdsworth that he treated Chaderton, who lived close by the college, with great respect, and assured him ‘that he was still master in the college, though he was not master of the college.’ Chaderton looked with growing approval on Holdsworth's government, and said that he was ‘the only master he ever saw in that house.’

Holdsworth retained the confidence of the London clergy, and in 1639 was elected president of Sion College. He continued to hold the position of a moderate puritan, and was one of those who in 1640 protested against the continuance of convocation by royal writ after the dissolution of parliament (, Church History, ed. 1845, v. 163). Although a puritan, however, he was a staunch churchman. He had suffered for his opposition to Laud, but he was still less in favour of any


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 1.djvu/58

18 EPITAPH ON A BELOVED FRIEND.

[Plato's Epitaph (Epig. Græe., Jacobs, 1826, p, 309), quoted by Diog. Laertius.]

, Friend! for ever lov'd, for ever dear!

What fruitless tears have bathed thy honour'd bier!


text: An Act respecting the Consolidated Revenue Fund


text:
Page:The American Indian.djvu/483

Rh Cereal complex, Old World, maize culture adapted to,

Ceremonial tablets, birchbark,

Ceremonialism, great development of,

Ceremonies, Amazon tribes, ; dogs eaten during, ; eagles and serpents confined for, ; Eastern Woodland area, ; Eskimo area, ; Inca area, ; Lacandones, ; localization of, ; marriage, ; Maya, ; Mexican, ; Northern California, ; patterns for, ; Pueblo area, ; rituals of Pueblo and North Pacific Coast, ; tribal patterns for,

Ceremony, Atamalqualiztli, ; masked, ; new-fire, ; typical New World,

Chacmool statue, ,

Charms,

Chavin Stone,

Cheyenne,, , , , , ; migrations of,

Chibcha, agricultural products of, ; area,, , , , , , , -,

Chichen Itza, ,

Chilan Balam, Books of,

Children, care and training of, -

Chile, archæological characterization of, -

Chilkat,, , , -,

Chimney, absence of, in aboriginal houses,

Chipping, process of, ; unusual objects made by,

Chiriqui,, ; pottery from,

Chronological, position of certain stone objects. Great Lakes area, ; types of man, -

Chronologies, determination of, -; determined by stratification, -; inferential, -

Chronology, basis for solution of problems of similarity between Maya and Asiatic drawings, ; of cultures, -; established by stratification of pottery in Mexico, ; established by stratification of pottery in New Mexico, ; inapplicability of Old World, to the New World, -; Maya, ; Mexican, ; of sculptures, ; Southwestern,

Civilization, centers of, in the New World,

Clan, defined, ; system, Arawak, -

Clans, -; and gentes, geographical distribution, -; Iroquois, ; Pueblo,

Classification of man, basis of,, ; breadth of face, -; flattening of the femur, -; flattening of the tibia, ; by hair, ; by skin,

Classifications, correlation of, -

Classificatory system of relationship, distribution of,

Clay, edible, ; modeling in,

Cliff-dweller, house type distribution, ; houses, basketry remains in, ; houses, textiles from, ; ruins, textiles from,

Cloud terrace, Pueblo symbol, ,

Cloth, -; bark, ; clothing of, ; cotton in manioc area, ; Peruvian, -

Clothing, -; Amazon tribes, ; California area, ; Eastern Woodland area, ; Eskimo, dependence on caribou for, ; guanaco area, ; Mackenzie area, ; North Pacific Coast area, ; Plains, ; Plateau area, ; Pueblo area, ; skin,, ; Southeastern area, ; southwestern Déné, ; tailored, diffusion of, ; tailored, in the Old World, -

Coca-chewing, -; Chibcha area,

Codex, Mexican, resemblance to year counts,

Codices, ; Maya, ; Mexican and Maya,

Coil, method in making pottery,, ; spiral, direction of,

title: Page:The American Indian.djvu/483


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/131

 violent changes in the church. His signature is appended to a suggestion for an amendment of Archbishop Ussher's scheme ‘for the reduction of episcopacy into the synodical form of government’ (, Reliquiæ Baxterianæ, pt. i. p. 240). But he soon saw that this scheme was impracticable, and when he grasped the meaning of the issue he became a fervent royalist. He first came into collision with parliament upon an academic question. The original statutes of the founder of Emmanuel provided that a fellow should vacate his fellowship within a year of taking his doctor's degree. The fellows had succeeded in obtaining the king's permission to rescind this rule, but the representatives of the founder in 1640 brought the matter before parliament, which showed a decided willingness to interfere, and annulled an election to a fellowship (, Annals of Cambridge, iii. 307, note 1). Holdsworth joined with his fellows in making representations to parliament (Baker MS. Cambridge Univ. Libr., Mm. 2, 23, 95–6), and probably resented its action. He was vice-chancellor, and very influential in the university; it is clear that he was reckoned a formidable person from the care with which parliament watched his proceedings. In a formal speech delivered as vice-chancellor he deplored the prospects of religion and learning, praised the existing state of the church, and extolled the completeness of the reformation settlement (Oratio in Vesperiis Comitiorum, at the end of his Prælectiones). Parliament at once took notice of these sentiments, and on 23 July referred the matter to a committee (, Hist. Coll. vol. i. pt. iii. p. 335). Charles I meanwhile appointed Holdsworth one of his chaplains, and offered him the bishopric of Bristol, which he refused, probably because he thought he could do better service where he was. In March 1642 he entertained the king and the Prince of Wales in Cambridge (, Annals, iii. 321–2), and strangely enough was soon afterwards nominated by the House of Lords as one of the members of the Westminster Assembly of Divines. It does not appear that he ever attended any of the meetings of this body. Indeed he was too much engaged at Cambridge, where he continued to hold the office of vice-chancellor during 1642 and 1643. In this capacity he was instrumental in raising money and plate from the colleges for the king's use. But Cromwell was in August 1642 commissioned by parliament to take charge of the county of Cambridge. When the university printer at the end of 1642 published a royalist pamphlet, ‘The Resolving of Conscience,’ by Henry Ferne [q. v.], parliament on 2 Feb. 1643 ordered that Holdsworth, as vice-chancellor, should be brought before the bar in custody (Commons' Journals, ii. 900, 951). Holdsworth was not deterred, and when in the following month a demand was made by parliament for pecuniary aid from the university, he presided at a meeting of the heads, where it was resolved that ‘it was against their religion and conscience to contribute’ (Mercurius Aulicus, 22 April). In May Holdsworth was taken as a prisoner to London on the charge of having authorised the publication in Cambridge of the king's declaration printed at York (Querela Cantabr. p. 7).

Holdsworth was next asked to take oath to the solemn league and covenant; on his refusal his mastership and his rectory of St. Peter's were sequestrated. He was confined first in Ely House, and afterwards in the Tower. It did not help him that he was elected by his friends in Cambridge to the Lady Margaret professorship of divinity, and by a private patron was presented with a living in Rutland. He remained in confinement till 31 Oct. 1645, when he was released on bail, on condition that he did not go further than twenty miles from London (Commons' Journals, iv. 328). Perhaps it was some consolation to him to know that at Cambridge his library was spared by Manchester, on the ground that he intended to leave part of it to the college, and in his confinement he was anxious about the safety of the college plate, which was in his possession. He never seems to have returned to Cambridge, where Anthony Tuckney took his place as master of Emmanuel. His only interest seems to have been to cheer the king among his troubles. He applied for leave to visit him at Holmby House, but was refused. In September 1647 he was allowed to see him at Hampton Court, when Charles conferred on him the deanery of Worcester. It was an empty honour, for Holdsworth died of jaundice on 22 Aug. 1649. As he lay on his deathbed his friends consoled him that he was being taken from the evil to come. ‘No,’ said the dying man, ‘from the good to come,’ and in later days his hopefulness was regarded as a prophecy. He was buried in his former church of St. Peter-le-Poer, where his friend Bishop Brownrigg wrote an elaborate epitaph in his honour (see, Survey of London (ed. 1720), bk. ii. p. 114).

Holdsworth shrank from literary fame. The only work published in his lifetime was ‘The People's Happinesse; a Sermon preached in Marie's, Cambridge, upon Sunday, May 27,’ Cambridge, 1642, and this was published only in consequence of a thrice-repeated request


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 1.djvu/59

Rh What sighs re-echo'd to thy parting breath,

Whilst thou wast struggling in the pangs of death!

Could tears retard the tyrant in his course;

Could sighs avert his dart's relentless force;

Could youth and virtue claim a short delay,

Or beauty charm the spectre from his prey;

Thou still hadst liv'd to bless my aching sight,

Thy comrade's honour and thy friend's delight.

If yet thy gentle spirit hover nigh

The spot where now thy mouldering ashes lie,

Here wilt thou read, recorded on my heart,

A grief too deep to trust the sculptor's art.

No marble marks thy couch of lowly sleep,

But living statues there are seen to weep;

Affliction's semblance bends not o'er thy tomb,

Affliction's self deplores thy youthful doom.

What though thy sire lament his failing line,

A father's sorrows cannot equal mine!

Though none, like thee, his dying hour will cheer,

Yet other offspring soothe his anguish here:


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 1.djvu/60

20 But, who with me shall hold thy former place?

Thine image, what new friendship can efface?

Ah, none!—a father's tears will cease to flow,

Time will assuage an infant brother's woe;

To all, save one, is consolation known,

While solitary Friendship sighs alone. , 1803.

ADRIAN'S ADDRESS TO HIS SOUL WHEN DYING.


text:
Page:The American Indian.djvu/484

418 Coiled, basketry, distribution,, ; pottery, Pueblo area, ; technique, -

Collars, stone, in the Antilles,

Colombia, archæological characterization of, -

Colonnades, common, in Mexican houses,

Colonization, Spanish, changes caused by,, , ; realism in textile art due to,

Color sequences, in Peruvian designs,

Columbia area,

Columbia Basin, archæological characterization of, -

Communal, character of land system, -; concept, foundation of agricultural concept,

Communistic government,

Complex, cotton, unity in the New World, ; horse-riding, ; maize, unity in New World,

Confession, conventional, Inca area, ; of sins, distribution of,

Conventionalization, in design,

Convergence, in culture, theory of,

Copper, aboriginal workings of, -; knives, ; Lake Superior, ; mining, ; tools, -, ; work in, North Pacific Coast,

Cortez,, , ,

Costume, bison area, ; distribution and types in the Old World, -; tailored, -

Cotton, armor of, -; culture, distribution of, ; raised in South America, ; unity of New World complex,

Couvade, in South America,

Cranes, domestication of,

"Crane Bridge," distribution of story,

Creation, in mythology,

Crests, North Pacific Coast tribes,

Crime, compounding of, ; punishment for, -

Crô-Magnon man, -,

Crops, aboriginal, in North America,

Cross-cousin marriage,

Cults, Mazateca, ; shamanistic,

Cultural classification, correlated with archæological classification, -,

Culture, Amazon area, ; American, independent development of, ; of the Antilles, ; anthropological conception of, ; areas close agreement with archæological areas, ; areas, North America, -; areas, outlined, ; areas, South America, -; areas, superposition of, ; center, Mississippi-Ohio area,, ; centers, -,, ; centers of highest, , , ; centers, origin of, ; centers, Peru, ; centers, stability of, ; changes shown in shell-heaps, ; chronology of, -; classification of social groups according to, -; classifications, historic and prehistoric, ; Columbia Basin, ; common traits in New and Old Worlds, ; complexes, elements constituting, ; by conquest, ; contrasts in Inca area, ; correlated with political organization, ; correlation between elevations and variations in, -; correspondences between Old and New Worlds, , ; correspondences between Pueblo and Diaguite, ; differences in Amazon area, ; differentiation of, a historical phenomena, ; diffusion, ; evidence of early in New Jersey, ; fundamental differences in New and Old Worlds, ; fundamentals of Old World, ; general relations with linguistics and somatology, ; grouping, ; grouping, correlated with language grouping, ; guanaco area, ; hero, in mythology, ; hero, Peruvian, ; hero trickster, wide diffusion of concept, ; historical

title: Page:The American Indian.djvu/484


text:
Page:The American Indian.djvu/485

Rh conception of, -; intergradations of, ; material, stability of, ; means of interpretation of, -; Mongoloid-Red peoples, contributions to, -; most advanced in area of intense agriculture, ; origin, theories of, -; periods, in Eastern United States, ; Plains, -; possibility of transpositions of, ; seafaring, ; sequences in, ; subdivisions of, South Atlantic area, -; subdivisions of, Atlantic Highlands, ; subdivisions, Colombia, ; subdivisions, Ecuador, ; succession of in Chile, ; term defined, ; time required for development of, ; trait-association, -; traits, correlation with faunal and floral distributions, ; traits, originality of many New World, ; traits, patterns for, ; traits, South American, ; traits, similarities in, ; types of Southwestern area, ; unity of, in California archæology, ; typical, North Atlantic area, -; unity in fundamentals, New World,, ; unity of original Pueblo, ; varieties in Inca area, -

Cycle, annual, tribes in salmon area, ; religious, Maya, ; yearly, ceremonial,, ; yearly, in social life,

Cymotrichi, found in Polynesian-European group,

Dakota,, , , , , , , , , , ,

Dancing Birds, distribution of story,

Day and night, origin of, as told in myths,

Decoration, architectural, North Pacific Coast, ; coiled baskets, -; Columbia pottery, ; Marajo Island pottery, ; Peruvian pottery, ; pottery,, ; pottery and baskets, ,

Decorations, North Pacific Coast baskets, ; painted on bark and wood, ; on pottery by glaze, -

Decorative art, development of, ; features of Maya and Nahua buildings,

Deer, ; chief game in eastern maize area,

Deluge concept, distribution,

Déné,, , , , , , , , , , , , -

Descent, common, Mongoloid, and New World peoples, ; morphological grouping of mankind based on, ; skin color indicating common with Asiatic peoples,

Deserted Children, distribution of story,

Design areas, North America, ; ceramic, an index to chronology, ; elements, Plains beadwork, ; geometric, range of, ; names,, , ; unity of concepts, Peruvian pottery and cloth,

Designs, alligator and armadillo, ; Algonkin pottery, ; analysis of, ; analytic comparison of, ; Apache baskets, ; basketry and beadwork, ; basketry, California center, ; beaded and painted, Plains, ; cane basketry,, ; caribou and eastern maize area, ; Chilkat blankets, -; decorative, -; distribution of, -; Inca textiles, ; influenced by technique of basketry and weaving, ; Navajo blankets, ; Northwest Amazon, ; painted on pottery, , ; Peruvian, series of, ; Plains and California, independent origin of, ; Plains-like, Déné shields, ; pottery, , ; realism in, , ; Shoshoni beadwork and basketry, ; symbolism in, -; Southwestern pottery, -; textile, -, , , -; on urns, from Chile,

Diaguite,

Dialects, language, defined,

title: Page:The American Indian.djvu/485