text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 33.djvu/319

 of guild, his shop was entered by thieves, his apprentice murdered, and his cash-box stolen (Private Letters chiefly to Robert Wodrow, 1694–1732, pp. 64–5, 1829). During the Porteous riots in 1736 he succeeded in reaching the quarters of the Welsh fusiliers with a verbal message from the authorities asking their assistance against the mob, but the officer, on the ground that Lindsay manifested evident signs of conviviality, declined to act on it. On a bill being introduced into parliament to disfranchise Edinburgh on account of the riot, Lindsay delivered a convincing speech against the proposal. After retiring from the representation of the city he was appointed by the Duke of Atholl governor of the Isle of Man, but on account of indisposition resigned that office some time before his death, which took place at the Canongate, Edinburgh, 20 Feb. 1753.

Lindsay was the author of ‘The Interest of Scotland, considered with reference to its Police, Agriculture, Trade, Manufacture and Fishery,’ Edinburgh, 1733; 2nd edit. London, 1736.

By his first wife, Margaret, daughter of David Montier, merchant in Edinburgh, he had three sons—Patrick, appointed deputy-secretary at war in 1741; John, a lieutenant-colonel in the army; and James, captain of a ship at war belonging to the East India company—and two daughters: Mary unmarried, and Janet, married to James Anderson of Monthrieve, Fifeshire. He married as his second wife Janet, daughter of James Murray of Polton, and as his third wife Lady Catherine Lindsay, daughter of William, fifteenth earl of Crawford, but had no issue by his second or third marriage.

 LINDSAY, ROBERT (1500?–1565?), of Pitscottie, Scottish historian, was born at Pitscottie, in the parish of Ceres, Fifeshire. He was a cadet of the principal family of Lindsays Earls of Crawford, and probably a descendant of Patrick, fourth lord Lindsay of the Byres (d. 1526), whose third son was William Lindsay of Piotstown, a place in the neighbourhood of Pitscottie, about the origin of whose name Lindsay tells a curious story (History, Freebairn's ed., p. 99). According to the ‘Privy Seal Register,’ Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie in 1552 received a grant of escheat, and a service in the Douglas charter-chest proves that he was alive in 1562. If the Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie whose son Christopher was served as his heir in 1592 be the historian, and not the historian's son, he lived till about 1592. But he is not responsible for any part of his ‘History’ after 1565, and that fact makes it more likely that he died about 1565. The dedicatory verses to Robert Stuart, bishop of Caithness and commendator of St. Andrews, who died in 1586, prefixed to the ‘History,’ supply a narrative of its contents, which ends with the Reformation. The ‘History’ discloses in its author a man of much humour and decided character. The preface states his intention of continuing what ‘had been left unwritten by the last translators, Hector Boece [q. v.] and John Bellenden [q. v.], from the succession of James II unto this day and date hereafter following, and specially the Manner of the Reformation of Religion and what was done therein since the fifty and eighth year until the three score and fifteen.’ The last date seems to be an error for threescore and five, as there are no entries relative to the Reformation after 1568, when the addition by another hand certainly begins, and takes the record as far as 1604. Lindsay expresses in his preface his obligations to the following persons, by whom he says he was ‘lately inspired:’ Patrick, sixth lord Lindsay of the Byres [q. v.]; Sir William Scot of Balwearie; Sir Andrew Wood of Largo; John Major [q. v.], doctor of theology, whose ‘History,’ reaching to the death of James III, was published in 1518; Sir David Lindsay [q. v.] of the Mount, Lyon king of arms; Andrew Fermie of that ilk; and Sir William Bruce of Earlshall, ‘who has written very justly all the deeds since Floudoun Field,’ a work unfortunately lost.

Pitscottie's ‘History’ was first published by Robert Freebairn the printer in 1728, folio, again in 1749 and 1778 in 12mo, and in 1814 in 2 vols. 8vo. by Graham Dalyell. Lord Crawford, in his ‘Lives of the Lindsays,’ states that none of these editions give the text of the best manuscript, which, he says, belongs to Captain Wemyss of Wemyss Castle. Lord Crawford proposed to print this manuscript as a new edition for the Bannatyne Club, but his intention was not carried out; and a comparison made by the present writer of the Wemyss MS. with the text of Freebairn's edition satisfied him that there was no material variation such as would make it worth while to publish that manuscript. The ‘History’ itself is a very singular and tantalising work. It covers a period of Scottish history, about the earlier part of which, from the death of James I to that of James III, very little is known. The quaint language and vivid narrative of certain passages led to its being largely


text:
Page:The Cycle Industry (1921).djvu/69

Rh away the retaining cover and bang went the air tube. In those days that meant the assistance of the railway to reach one's destination and oft times a long walk.

Experimenters had, however, been at work and an inventor named Welch brought out a tyre the principle of which is the one still mostly used on modern bicycles. This is now termed the “wired on” to distinguish

it from the “beaded edge” or Clincher tyre which was Bartlett’s patent.

The "wired on" cover is now made of vulcanized rubber and fabric moulded, under Doughty’s process, on to inextensible wires which slip over the rim by reason of the diameter of the wires being so arranged in respect to the rim diameter that when one side of the cover is placed in the well of the rim the other side rises above the opposite edge and will pass over. Then inflation of the air tube draws the two wires, one up and the

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Page:The Cycle Industry (1921).djvu/69


text:
Page:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports.djvu/119

 CHARLES KEENESQUE CROQUET PERIOD. 1866


text:
Page:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports.djvu/117

 THE POSSIBILITIES OF CROQUET

The above represents the game of "All against All," as played by Brown, Miss Jones, and the Major.


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/606

  The undress cap is in all the above blue, with bands of various colours, amongst which the most noticeable is the white zigzag on a black background of the Scots Greys.

Hussars (Plate I., line 1, figs. 1 and 3) wear a blue jacket, shorter than the ordinary tunic, braided with yellow or gold in front, along the back seams and on the collars and cuffs. They have no shoulder-straps, facings or waist-belt. The 3rd Hussars wear, however, scarlet and the 13th white, collars. The distinctive head-dress is the cylindrical busby with an upright feather plume, lines, and a busby-bag on the right side. The pantaloons are blue, except for the 11th Hussars, who wear crimson. Double stripes on the trousers, yellow (white, 13th). The undress cap is a red peaked cap. Officers’ Hessian boots have gold edging and boss.

Infantry.—The uniforms of the four Foot Guard regiments are distinguished by the cuffs, which have slashed flaps and buttons, by the blue shoulder-straps and by the embroidery patches on the collar, cuff-flaps and skirts, which are analogous to the Garde-Litzen of continental armies. The only uniform which could be mistaken for it is the Royal Marine Light Infantry’s (Plate IV. line 3. No. 1), which has also slashed flaps, but it has fewer and smaller embroidery patches and plain collars. All the Guard regiments wear scarlet tunics with blue collars, shoulder-straps and cuffs, bearskin caps, blue trousers with red piping (officers, red stripe). The regimental distinctions (Plate II., line 2, Nos. 3 and 6) are: Grenadiers—Buttons equally spaced, white plume, red cap-band. Coldstream—Buttons spaced in twos. red plume, white cap-band. Scots—Buttons in threes, no plume, diced red and white cap-band. Irish—Buttons in fours, green plume, green cap-band. All wear in undress the white jacket, which is the old sleeved waistcoat, and peaked cap.

The uniforms of the line infantry may be classed as Line, Light, Fusilier, Rifle, Lowland and Highland Scottish. The tunic in the first three is red, with pointed cuffs and collars of the facings colour (blue in Royal regiments, white in English and Welsh, yellow in Scottish, green in Irish, except where the older colours have been revived), red shoulder-straps, gold buttons and white piping, blue trousers with red piping. On the shoulder-strap in the case of the rank and file is the regimental title, on the collar the regimental badge. The line infantry have a dark blue helmet (Plate II., line 2, No. 7). with brass spike and ornaments; the light infantry a dark green helmet of the same pattern; the fusiliers (Plate II., line 2, fig. 4) bear or racoon skin cap with hackle plume. In undress all ranks have a blue (green for light infantry) peaked cap, with a black (royal regiments, scarlet, non-royal Irish, green) band. The rifle regiments (Plate II., line 2, No. 8) wear very dark green tunics and trousers without coloured cuffs or collars. In the King’s Royal Rifles the scarlet piping and collar form a conspicuous distinction. The head-dress of the rifle regiments is an astrakhan cap with plume (red and black, K.R.R.; dark green and black, K.I.R.; black, Rifle Brigade), in undress a dark green peaked cap.

The Lowland and Highland Scottish regiments wear a scarlet (Scottish Rifles, green) “doublet” with gauntlet cuffs (Plate II., line 2, Nos. 2 and 10.) In undress Highland regiments wear the white jacket. Highland regiments wear tartan kilt and plaid and sporran (varying with the regiments), diced hose-tops and white spats, Lowland regiments (also Scottish Rifles, Highland Light Infantry, and all mounted officers) tartan trews. The head-dress of Highland regiments is a “feather bonnet”—a loose fur cap of peculiar shape with hackle. The Highland Light Infantry wear a small shako with a red and white diced band and ball. Lowland regiments (except the Royal Scots Fusiliers) wear the Kilmarnock bonnet (Plate II., line 2, No. 2). The Scottish Rifles have a shako with black drooping plume. The undress cap of all Scottish infantry is the “glengarry.”

The full dress of officers is similar to that of the men, but it is more ornamented (see below for badges of rank). In all English and Irish regiments clothed in scarlet a crimson waist-sash is worn by officers. Guards officers on ceremonial occasions wear a gold and crimson sash. On the collar and cuffs there are broad edgings of lace terminating in the case of the cuffs in a small Austrian knot. The rifle Jacket is of hussar pattern with black embroidery and a black pouch belt (Plate II., line 2, fig. 8.) The Highland officer has a special pattern of sword; in full dress the basket-hilted claymore (so-called) or a plainer sword decorated with ribbon, on service a plain cross-hilted sword. He has also a richly decorated dirk, a broad white baldric, and a very full sash over the left shoulder. Lowland officers have also the shoulder belt and claymore, &c.

Royal Artillery.—The Royal Horse Artillery (Plate II., line 1, fig. 7) wears an old-fashioned hussar uniform, consisting of busby with red bag and white plume, a blue jacket with 18 rows of gold braid and scarlet collar. Trousers blue with red stripe. The Royal Field and Royal Garrison Artillery (Plate II., line 1, No. 8) wear a blue tunic with red collar and gold lace (Austrian knot on the sleeve), blue trousers with red stripe, helmet with brass plate and ball ornament, waist-belt and pouch-belt (white for men, gold for officers). The badge is either a grenade or a device of a field gun on its carriage.

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/606


text:
Page:The Cycle Industry (1921).djvu/28

14 The Singer Xtraordinary Challenge was another model that was introduced to put the rider further back and down the backbone and yet to leave him in a position where he could exercise power over the cranks. The machine resembled an ordinary, but had an abnormally raked fork at an angle of nearly 30°. The cranks were driven by levers pivoted to bearings on the fork-sides about half way between the wheel centre and the periphery.

There are various claimants to the credit of introducing the first rear driven safety bicycle, where the wheels were practically of equal size and the gearing up of the driven wheel being effected by a pair of chain wheels and a chain. Commercially—and it is the object of this book to show the growth of the industry from a business view point—the honour is due to the late J. K. Starley, nephew of the original James Starley. Mr. Starley was in partnership with a Mr. Sutton in Coventry as a bicycle maker, and in 1885–86 designed the “Rover” safety bicycle which has “set the fashion to the world,” as, say, The New Rover Cycle Co.’s advertisements. The original “Rover” was the forerunner of many famous safety bicycles, and numerous and ingenious were the designs brought out to obviate infringement of the original registered design and yet produce a safety bicycle with similar characteristics.

Starley’s frame connected the two wheels by forks, but there was no tube connecting the saddle and the bottom bracket as was afterwards done by Thos. Humber, at Beeston, Notts. An inspection of the illustration of the original Rover frame is the only way to understand what is meant by the above description. The Rover safety bicycle sounded the death knell of the “ordinary” and gave an immense impetus to the industry.

title: Page:The Cycle Industry (1921).djvu/28


text: Author:Thomas Sanderson

title: Author:Thomas Sanderson


text:
Page:The Clipper Ship Era.djvu/243

Rh Captain Waterman had saved thousands of dollars, ever had the courtesy to make the slightest acknowledgment of his services, although they were well aware of their obligation in this matter. It is, however, some consolation to know that he asked and needed nothing at their hands.

As we already have seen, Captain Waterman had taken the Pacific Mail steamship Northerner from New York to San Francisco in 1850, and fully intended at that time to retire from the sea. He was then forty-two years old, and had passed thirty-two years upon the ocean; he possessed ample means, with a portion of which he bought four leagues of land in Solano County, California, and it was only at the earnest solicitation of N, L. & G. Griswold, the owners of the Challenge, that he consented to take her from New York to San Francisco in this year. He was now free to attend to his own affairs. Together with Captain A. A. Richie, he founded the town of Fairfield, California. In 1852, he was appointed Port Warden and Inspector of Hulls at the port of San Francisco, a position he held for twenty-eight years. He then retired to his farm, where he died in 1884, at the age of seventy-six. Probably no man in California was more widely known or more highly respected.

One of the best ocean races of 1851 was that between the Raven, Captain Henry; the Typhoon, Captain Salter, and the Sea Witch, Captain Frazer. These clippers sailed for San Francisco nearly together: the Sea Witch passed out by Sandy Hook on August 1st, followed by the Typhoon on August 4th, while the Raven passed Boston Light on

title: Page:The Clipper Ship Era.djvu/243


text: Author:Gabriel Stanley Woods

title: Author:Gabriel Stanley Woods


text:
Page:The Cycle Industry (1921).djvu/39

Rh arrangement meant that the front rider had handles to hold but was not expected to do any steering or balancing, or she interfered with her partner’s control of the machine, and by ignoring the instructions might cause a spill at a critical moment.

The early frame designs were rather crude, as might be expected, and consisted of a strengthened dropped front frame attached to a rear quadrilateral terminating in the usual rear fork. The rear rider’s pedal crank axle was connected to the front crank axle by a chain, so that the thrust of each rider’s pedals were communicated to the rear road driven wheel.

The frame described above was weakness itself, and much binding of chains and bearings caused the machine to run rather hard.

It is difficult to say who first introduced the lady back tandem, as the modern type is described, but tandems for two male riders had been in use for a long time before the dropped part of the frame was placed at the rear. I believe the late P. L. Renouf made one of the first lady back tandems, at Humber’s Coventry works, but doubtless others may claim the title of first.

The design of G. P. Mills, when at the Raleigh Co., Nottingham, was regarded as the most scientific type of tandem frame for years, in fact it remains unbeaten to-day. This frame is triangulated from front to rear and can be ridden by two women, wearing skirts, by a man and woman, or two men.

The tandem has got a bad name as a roadster because so many imagine that it requires harder pedalling uphill than a single. I do not agree absolutely with this opinion, and I think it has arisen chiefly because tandem pairs do not practise together sufficiently often to acquire the unity of action that is required to make

title: Page:The Cycle Industry (1921).djvu/39


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 33.djvu/320

Rh used by Sir Walter Scott (as in ‘Marmion,’ for the description of the vision which appeared to James IV in Linlithgow Church before he marched to Flodden), and more recently by Mrs. Oliphant in ‘Royal Edinburgh, 1891,’ as well as by all modern Scottish historians; but other parts of it are merely brief entries, more like a diary than a history. The inaccuracy and confusion of dates are exasperating, and exceed that of the worst mediæval chronicle. The language is neither Scottish nor English, though it contains many pithy Scottish words. The spirit in which it is written is strongly protestant, and the author, like Buchanan, uses the misfortunes of the Scottish kings as texts for moral sermons or reflections. It can scarcely be deemed a trustworthy history as to particular facts not vouched for by other sources; but its representation of Scottish character, with the many stories by which it is enlivened, renders it an indispensable book to the student of Scottish history.

 LINDSAY, WALTER (d. 1605), of Balgavie, Forfarshire, catholic intriguer, was the third son of Sir David Lindsay of Edzell, afterwards ninth earl of Crawford, by his second wife, Catherine, daughter of Sir John Campbell of Lorn and Calder. He acquired the property of Balgavie 20 Feb. 1584. In 1580 he became a gentleman of the bedchamber to James VI, and also joined a voluntary band of young men who subscribed an obligation to serve the king in time of war at their own expense. Through the influence of Fathers Gordon and Crighton he, however, became soon afterwards a convert to catholicism, being, according to his own statement, the first whom they induced to recant and openly profess the old faith (‘Account of the Present State of the Catholic Religion’ in Narratives of Scottish Catholics under Mary Stuart and James VI). From this time he kept an English jesuit in his house, and it became a rendezvous of the catholics. It was, he states, chiefly through his bold example that the Earls of Huntly, Erroll, and Angus were induced to make open confession of catholicism, and not improbably it was at his suggestion and in his castle that they entered into correspondence with Spain in reference to a descent on England. In 1589 he was imprisoned in the castle of Edinburgh, but on 29 Nov. was conditionally released, Francis, earl of Bothwell, becoming caution in 1,000l. that he would on ten days' warning enter again into ward and remain there till his trial (Reg. P. C. Scotl. iv. 447). On 19 May, for failing to appear, he was denounced as a rebel (ib. p. 619), and on 11 Jan. 1592–3 he was charged, on pain of rebellion (ib. v. 37), to appear before the king and council to answer for practising in matters against the estate of religion, his highness's person and authority. He failed to appear, and in 1593 the king, during a progress in the north, demolished his castle (, Annals, i. 393). On 30 Sept. 1594 he was again denounced as a rebel, the special charges against him being intercommuning with conspirators against the true religion, and open avowing of papistry (Reg. P. C. Scotl. v. 172). In May 1594, the general assembly having recommended that he and others should be apprehended, the king expressed his willingness to do so if possible (, v. 314). On receipt of a letter from the king by the presbytery of Edinburgh narrating his proceeding against the catholics, Davidson declared that ‘one deed, if it were but to execute Mr. Walter Lindsay for his idolatrie, would do more good than all his letters’ (ib. p. 337). Lindsay escaped the vengeance of the kirk by going abroad, and probably visited Spain. There he printed an ‘Account of the Present State of the Catholic Religion in the Realm of Scotland in the year of our Lord one thousand five hundred and ninety-four.’ A copy in Blair's College, Aberdeen, has been reprinted in appendix to Forbes-Leith's ‘Narratives.’ An incomplete version in the Cottonian MSS., entitled ‘Content of the Discourse made by Mr. Walter Lindsay of Balgavies, put in Spanish and in Print,’ bears the erroneous date 1586; this was reprinted by Lord Lindsay in his ‘Lives of the Lindsays’ (vol. i. App.), and the mistake in date led Lord Lindsay to suppose that Sir Walter in 1586 undertook a mission to Spain.

Having returned to Scotland towards the close of 1598, Lindsay was again denounced (Reg. P. C. Scotl. v. 514). Whereupon he agreed to enter into a conference with the ministers of the kirk, and to remain within the bounds of the presbytery of Brechin till he had satisfied the kirk regarding his religion (ib. p. 541). On 24 May 1599, Alexander, lord Spynie, became caution for him in five thousand merks to satisfy the kirk within forty days of his return to Scotland or else to depart again abroad (ib. p. 719), and as he continued to reside in Scotland, the presumption is that he made his peace with the kirk. From the numerous subsequent entries in the ‘Register of the Privy Council,’ he seems to have taken a prominent part in all the feuds of the


text:
Page:The Cycle Industry (1921).djvu/40

26 hill climbing as easy on a double as a single. Also, tandems are often geared too high. On level ground and down hill the tandem scores every time, principally because the surface area offered to the air resistance is but little more than that of a single machine and rider plus the increased propulsion effort of the second rider. Weight also counts down hill. Luggage carrying capacity is said to be reduced to that of a single because there is only the space over the one rear and one front wheel in which to place carriers for two people. This may be an objection, but in my opinion a tandem is an ideal touring bicycle for husband and wife, because the weaker efforts of the lady rider can be compensated to some extent by the more energetic and powerful pedalling of the partner. Strickly speaking, both efforts should be equal, but providing the double power is applied to the cranks evenly and at the correct crank position, there is no retarding effect if one rider exerts more power than the other.

In the case of the modern lady back tandem, the rear handle-bar is a fixture and only the front one is used for steering and balancing in the usual manner.

The increased cost of motoring has had something to do with the recrudescence of the tandem bicycle, as there is evidence of more of these machines being used this year than for some time past.

title: Page:The Cycle Industry (1921).djvu/40


text:
Page:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports.djvu/194

Mr. Punch's Book of Sports (Provided for the better sex)

taking infinite trouble to secure a dream of a dress, to wait expectantly to see whether it will rain or keep up.

After arriving on the course to find one's only duchess monopolised by the Buckingham-Browns, to dismay of all semi-outsiders.

Between the races to notice one's hated rivals in the sacred enclosure, to which one has no admittance.

At luncheon, to contrast the men of this year who have remained at home with those of last season who are now at the front.

And—perhaps safest of all—to leave the doubts and fears, the heart-burnings and disappointment of the meeting to others, and to learn all about Ascot by reading the papers.


text:
Wikisource talk:WikiProject DNB/1912 authors

False friends
There are two kinds: one type where the DNB template for DNB12 needs further disambigation (common enough). A second occurs where the author page itself needs disambiguation (Robert Ross is an example). A full check on both these types will be needed. Charles Matthews (talk) 08:20, 30 August 2013 (UTC)

Remaining authors
Only a handful two left who really are not under control:

 * Author:A. L. Armstrong DNB
 * Author:Mortimer Epstein DNB ME
 * Author:Alfred Thomas Scrope Goodrick DNB ATG
 * Author:D. J. Owen DNB
 * Author:Lionel Robinson DNB LR and DNB LGR

The following seem to be properly identified:

 * Author:Arthur Hughes DNB
 * Author:John Parker (1875-1952) DNB JP +
 * Author:James Taylor (1859-1946) DNB JT Taylor

Charles Matthews (talk) 07:05, 4 September 2013 (UTC)

=Older discussion= Adjourned to Talk:Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/List of Writers

John Sergeant

 * No idea.Dsp13 (talk) 18:02, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

John Sergeaunt

 * actually John Sargeaunt (1857-1922), classicist and schoolmaster? Dsp13 (talk) 18:02, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

L. P. Sidney

 * No idea.Dsp13 (talk) 18:02, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

One approach is the ODNB listing of articles: for L. P. Sidney for example it turns up:

 * Dale, Sir David, first baronet (1829–1906), industrialist [orig.]
 * Wilson, Charles Henry, first Baron Nunburnholme (1833–1907), shipowner  [orig.]

The [orig.] only denotes, I think, that the current ODNB article is flagged as "unrevised". And these listings only contain biographies that are revisions. In any case Sidney was clearly some sort of industrial historian. Charles Matthews (talk) 08:15, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

George Smith

 * No idea.Dsp13 (talk) 18:02, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

W. F. Spear

 * No idea.Dsp13 (talk) 18:02, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

W. F. Spear is clearly a civil engineer (ODNB for contributions). He is very likely the one mentioned here as editor of Engineering Abstracts, and is elsewhere identified as (Assistant) Secretary of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Charles Matthews (talk) 08:11, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

J. A. Stewart

 * one of James Alexander Stewart (classicist) John Alexander Stewart (classicist) or James Alexander Stewart (philosopher) John Alexander Stewart (philosopher)? Dsp13 (talk) Resolved from ODNB contributions to the philosopher.Dsp13 (talk) 18:57, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

James Taylor

 * No idea.Dsp13 (talk) 18:02, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

James Taylor wrote the biography of the physician John Hughlings Jackson citing "personal knowledge". He was "James Taylor, Hughlings Jackson's student, collaborator, biographer and unofficial secretary" according to this. Charles Matthews (talk) 07:43, 20 January 2013 (UTC)

P. W. W. for Percy W. Wallace

 * a misprint for Percy Maxwell Wallace (1863-1943), Secretary to the Senate of the University of London? He edited Tennyson, and according to his Who's Who entry was a DNB contributor. Dsp13 (talk) 18:02, 19 January 2013 (UTC)
 * misprint or a djvu scan artefact? Might be worth checking on a different output, due to how djvu's are created with underlying jpgs. — billinghurst  sDrewth  01:28, 8 February 2013 (UTC)

William W. White

 * No idea.Dsp13 (talk) 18:02, 19 January 2013 (UTC)


text:
Page:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports.djvu/125

Mr. Punch's Book of Sports

[The sporting instinct is now so keen among girls that a man who gallantly moderates his hitting in mixed hockey is merely regarded as an incapable slacker by his fair opponents.]


text:
Page:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports.djvu/138

.—The good old game of "Hare and Hounds," or "Paper-Chase," is still played in the northern suburbs of London during the winter. Why should not young ladies be the hares?


text:
Page:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports.djvu/42

Mr. Punch's Book of Sports Republican France associates with the pursuit of a harmless pastime. Les wickettes, as being too small for the Bowlsman to reach them, should be raised to six feet high, and the Umpire, a grave anomaly in a game cherished by a liberty-loving people, should be instantly suppressed. The "overre," too, should consist of sixteen balls. But this and many other matters are under the consideration of the Committee. I now subjoin "Le Score" I mentioned; a brief perusal of it will show you what excellent grounds the Committee have for making the humanising alterations at which I have hinted.

title: Page:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports.djvu/42


text:
Page:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports.djvu/43

Rh

title: Page:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports.djvu/43


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 33.djvu/321

 Lindsays, and to have led a rather turbulent life. On 25 Oct. 1605 he was barbarously murdered by his kinsman, David, twelfth earl of Crawford [q. v.], between Brechin and the Place of Edzell (for particulars see ib. vii. 143–4). By his wife Margaret Campbell, sister of David Campbell of Kethnott, he had a son, David, who succeeded him, and a daughter, Margaret, married to Adam Menzies of Boltoquhan.

LINDSAY, WILLIAM, eighteenth and  (d. 1698), was the eldest son of John, seventeenth earl of Crawford and first earl of Lindsay [q. v.], by Lady Margaret Hamilton, second daughter of James, second marquis of Hamilton [q. v.] He succeeded to the earldoms on the death of his father in 1678. A zealous and even fanatical presbyterian, he had resolved in 1685 for conscience sake to leave the country, but could not obtain the requisite permission. Through the extravagance of his father he also found himself in very straitened circumstances, but resisting worldly temptations to support the ruling faction, he escaped persecution by living in great retirement. On the accession of King William he was, on account of his influence with the presbyterians, received into special favour, and named president of the Convention parliament. On 15 April 1690 he was appointed a commissioner of the treasury, and on 9 May one of the commissioners for settling the government of the church. Burnet describes him as ‘passionate in his temper,’ and ‘out of measure zealous in his principles’ (Own Time, ed. 1838, p. 541). He also states that he ‘received and encouraged all complaints that were made of the episcopal ministers’ (ib.) Crawford himself affirmed that ‘no Episcopal since the late happy revolution, whether laic or of the clergy, hath suffered by the council upon account of his opinion in church matters, but allenarly [solely] for their disowning the civil authority and setting up for a cross interest’ (Leven and Melville Papers, p. 376); but it cannot be doubted that his zeal against the episcopalians was excessive, and that the motives that actuated him were ecclesiastical rather than political. He died 6 March 1698.

By his first wife, Mary Johnstone, daughter of James, earl of Annandale, he had three sons—John, nineteenth earl of Crawford; James, who became colonel and was killed in 1707 at the battle of Almanza in Spain—and two daughters. By his second wife, Henrietta Seton, daughter of Charles, earl of Dunfermline, he had a son Thomas and six daughters.

LINDSAY, WILLIAM, D.D. (1802–1866), united presbyterian minister, a native of Irvine, Ayrshire, was born in 1802, and studied at Glasgow University. When the synod of the relief church founded at Paisley in 1824 a theological hall under Professor James Thomson, D.D., in connection with their own denomination, Lindsay was one of the first students enrolled. He was ordained minister of the relief church on 27 April 1830, his first charge being the newly formed congregation at Johnstone, Renfrewshire, called the East Church. On 22 Nov. 1832 he was translated to Dovehill Relief Church, Glasgow, a congregation formed in 1766, where he acted as colleague of John Barr. Upon Barr's death in 1839 Lindsay succeeded to the sole charge. In 1841 he was appointed professor of exegetical theology and biblical criticism by the relief synod. He removed with his congregation from Dovehill to a new church which they had erected in Cathedral Street, Glasgow, in 1844, and the congregation was thenceforward called Cathedral Street Relief Church. The degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by the university of Glasgow in 1844. After the union of the relief and other secession churches, which resulted in the formation of the united presbyterian church in 1847, he was appointed professor of sacred languages and biblical criticism by the synod of the new denomination, and with John Brown, James Harper, Neil McMichael, and John Eadie formed the staff of the United Presbyterian Hall. On the death of Dr. Brown on 13 Oct. 1858, Lindsay, who as a professor was greatly beloved by all the students, was transferred to the chair of exegetical theology, and retained his professorship in conjunction with the charge of Cathedral Street United Presbyterian Church till his death, which took place very suddenly on Sunday, 3 June 1866. Earlier in the day he had twice preached in his own pulpit. Lindsay was from his youth of a studious temperament. He took the deepest interest in all public questions, and his platform speeches on the voluntary controversy, the temperance question, and papal


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/605

Rh

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/605


text:
User talk:Activegroup

Beeswaxcandle (talk) 18:28, 19 January 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Activegroup


text:
Page:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports.djvu/50

PRECEDENCE AT BATTERSEA

"Garn! The treasurer goes in before the bloomin' seckertary!"

THE CRY OF THE CRICKETER

(In a Pluvial Autumn.)

title: Page:Mr. Punch's Book of Sports.djvu/50


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 33.djvu/322

Rh aggression were very effective. The most memorable of his speeches was that which he delivered in Tanfield Hall, Edinburgh, at the foundation of the united presbyterian denomination.

His principal works were:
 * 1) ‘Life of Rev. Thomas Gillespie of Carnock, one of the Founders of the Relief Church,’ being the third volume of the series of ‘United Presbyterian Fathers,’ 1849.
 * 2) ‘The Miracles of Scripture defended from the assaults of Modern Scepticism,’ the lecture delivered at the opening of the United Presbyterian Hall in 1850.
 * 3) ‘The Law of Marriage,’ 1855; 2nd edit. 1871.
 * 4) ‘Exposition of Epistle to the Hebrews,’ 2 vols., edited in 1867 by George Brooks, who succeeded him in the Johnstone pastorate.

LINDSAY, WILLIAM LAUDER (1829–1880), botanist, eldest son of James Lindsay of H.M. Sasine Office, Register House, Edinburgh, by his wife Helen, daughter of Captain Lauder, was born at Edinburgh on 19 Dec. 1829. He was educated at the royal high school, where he was medallist, or dux, of his class in 1844, and again in 1845. He afterwards entered the university of Edinburgh. Although he worked as a clerk in the Register House during the whole of his medical course, he obtained several university prizes, including the medal and first prizes in botany, and other distinctions, found means of collecting a valuable herbarium, and on graduating M.D. in 1852 obtained the highest honours (three stars) for his thesis on the ‘Anatomy, Morphology, and Physiology of the Lichens.’ In 1854, after serving for a year as resident physician of the City Cholera Hospital, Edinburgh, and subsequently as assistant physician in the Crichton Royal Institution, Dumfries, he was appointed medical officer to Murray's Royal Institution for the Insane at Perth. There he combined geological with botanical researches, but made lichens his special study, and published in 1856 his valuable text-book on ‘The History of British Lichens,’ with numerous plates, constituting a first attempt to popularise the subject. For his work in this department of botany he received in 1859 the first Neill gold medal from the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 1861–2 he visited New Zealand, and received from the New Zealand Exhibition of 1865 a silver medal in recognition of his botanical researches, the fruit of which appeared in 1868 in his ‘Contributions to New Zealand Botany.’ Similar visits to North Germany, Norway, and Iceland were followed in like manner by studies of the flora of those countries. In 1870 Lindsay published his important ‘Memoirs on the Spermogenes and Pycnides of Lichens,’ to which is appended a list of thirty-three contributions to lichenology by the author, which had appeared for the most part either in the ‘Journal of Microscopical Science’ or in the ‘Transactions’ of the Linnean and Royal (Edinburgh) Societies. All the drawings illustrating his works were made by himself. Besides these botanical papers Lindsay published a host of pamphlets on mental disease and other medical subjects, and also on education. His last work, on ‘Mind in the Lower Animals in Health and Disease,’ 1879, which aimed at showing the similarity of mental processes in man and the lower animals, was his best. Lindsay was a great and omnivorous reader, and a most energetic worker. He died at his residence, 3 Hartington Gardens, Edinburgh, on 24 Nov. 1880. Lindsay married, on 26 April 1859, Elizabeth, only daughter of William Paterson Reid, solicitor, of Demerara. One daughter, Marion Jane Robertson, married Dr. Francis Haultain of Edinburgh.

LINDSAY, WILLIAM SCHAW (1816–1877), merchant and shipowner, was born at Ayr in 1816, and lost both his parents when only ten years of age. He was brought up by his uncle, a free kirk minister, who wished him to follow the same calling, but Lindsay inclined to a seafaring life, and leaving home in 1831 worked his passage to Liverpool by trimming coals on board a collier. He was subsequently engaged as a cabin-boy in the Isabella, West Indiaman. In 1834 he became second mate, but soon afterwards received severe injuries by shipwreck. On his recovery he was made in 1835 chief mate of the Olive Branch, a merchantman owned by Mr. Greenwell of Sunderland. In 1836 he was appointed captain of the vessel, and in 1839, when in the Persian Gulf, he had a brisk encounter with a pirate, in which he was wounded. He retired in 1840. In 1841 Mr. Greenwell obtained for him the post of fitter at Hartlepool to the Castle Eden Coal Company, and in that capacity he was mainly instrumental in getting Hartlepool made an independent port, and helped to create its docks and wharves. In 1845 he removed to London to represent his company.


text: Category:Motorsport

title: Category:Motorsport


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 33.djvu/324

Rh wife of Robert Lindsey. His father was engaged in the salt trade. His mother, whose maiden name was Spencer, had resided for many years with Frances, countess of Huntingdon, whose son, Theophilus, earl of Huntingdon, was the boy's godfather. Young Lindsey was educated at a school near Middlewich and at the free grammar school at Leeds. In 1741 he was entered at St. John's College, Cambridge, and after graduating B.A. was in 1747 elected a fellow of his college. He took holy orders, and was presented to a chapel in Spital Square on the recommendation of Lady Ann Hastings, who, like her sister, Lady Betty Hastings, had from his earliest years shown him many kindnesses. Shortly afterwards he became domestic chaplain to Algernon Seymour, seventh duke of Somerset, and after the duke's death in 1750 undertook, at the request of the duchess, the charge of her grandson, Hugh Smithson, afterwards second duke of Northumberland. On relinquishing this post in 1753 he was presented by his pupil's father to the valuable rectory of Kirby Wiske, Yorkshire, but he resigned this living in 1756 for that of Piddletown, Dorset, which was in the gift of Lord Huntingdon. On 29 Sept. 1760 he married Hannah Elsworth, the stepdaughter of his friend Archdeacon Francis Blackburne [q. v.], and soon afterwards adopted Blackburne's latitudinarian views on subscription. He declined in 1762 the offer of the chaplaincy made by the Duke of Northumberland when appointed lord-lieutenant of Ireland. In 1763 he left Piddletown for the rectory of Catterick in Yorkshire, which though of less value enabled him to see more of Archdeacon Blackburne and other friends. In the controversy that arose on the publication of Blackburne's ‘Confessional’ in 1766, Lindsey supported the latitudinarians. His own views had become unitarian, and he joined in the petition signed by two hundred persons in 1772 for giving practical effect to Blackburne's views on subscription. On the rejection of the petition he resigned his living, and on 28 Nov. 1773 he preached his farewell sermon at Catterick [see, 1705–1787]. Lindsey had lavishly bestowed his income on his poor parishioners, and he was obliged to sell his plate and part of his library to maintain himself after leaving his rectory. He and his wife arrived in London in the spring of 1774, and with the help of Dr. Priestley, Dr. Price, and other friends, a room was engaged in Essex House, Essex Street, which was fitted as a temporary chapel, and opened for public worship in April of that year. He published for the use of the congregation ‘A Liturgy, altered from that of the Church of England, to suit Unitarian Doctrine,’ which he amended in later editions. His friends soon built a chapel for him in Essex Street, and it was opened on 29 March 1778.

Meanwhile he had issued his ‘Apology’ (1774), giving his reasons for leaving the church of England, and a history of the doctrine of the Trinity and unitarianism. It evoked both hostile and friendly criticism, to which he replied in the preface to his next work, ‘A Sequel to the Apology’ (1776), which was the most elaborate, and in many respects the most valuable, of his contributions to dogmatic theology. In 1779 he wrote a pamphlet entitled ‘Two Dissertations on the Introduction to St. John's Gospel, and the Lawfulness of Praying to Christ,’ which was followed in 1781 by a small volume written in the form of a dialogue, entitled ‘The Catechist,’ and dealing with a similar subject.

Early in 1783 it was arranged that Dr. Disney, who had married Mrs. Lindsey's stepsister, should act as Lindsey's colleague at Essex Street Chapel. The leisure thus afforded him he devoted to literary work. In 1783 appeared his ‘Historical View of the State of the Unitarian Doctrine and Worship from the Reformation to our own Time, with some Account of the Obstructions it has met with at different Periods.’ At the same date he replied to one of the ablest critics of his ‘Apology’ in ‘An Examination of Mr. [Robert] Robinson's “Plea for the Divinity of Christ.”’ Lindsey stood forward in defence of his friend Priestley, with a volume entitled ‘Vindiciæ Priestleyanæ, addressed to the Students of Oxford and Cambridge, by a late Member of the University of Cambridge,’ 1784, and a second part appeared in 1790. In ‘Conversations on Christian Idolatry,’ issued in the following year, he once more vindicated his theological views. In July 1793 he took final leave of his pulpit. After Dr. Priestley left England for America in 1794, Lindsey again defended his absent friend by reprinting Priestley's ‘Reply to Paine's Age of Reason,’ with a preface of his own. In 1802 he published ‘Conversations on the Divine Government.’ He died at his house in Essex Street on 3 Nov. 1808.

Besides the works mentioned above, Lindsey published many occasional sermons and pamphlets. A collection of his sermons was printed by Dr. Thomas Belsham in 2 vols. 1810.


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/608

 table: red and white; white; primrose; white; white; grey; green; white and green; blue and green). The (28th) Gloucestershire regiment wears two badges on the helmet, to commemorate its having fought facing both ways, ranks back to back, at Alexandria in 1801.

Indian Native Army.—The uniforms of the Indian army vary infinitely in details, owing to the different methods of tying the turban, &c., practised by different Castes and tribes, and to the strictly regimental system of clothing and equipping the soldier. But the infantry, except the Gurkha Rifles, have tunics of similar pattern, viz. long skirted, without collars, and (if scarlet) with round cuffs, flaps and broad edgings on the front of the tunic of the facings colour. The trousers are dark blue and wide, and spats are worn with them (Plate III., line 3, No. 4). Gurkhas (Plate III., line 3, No. 5) are dressed as Rifles, except that their head-dress is a round cap. The pattern of cavalry uniform, which is generally followed whatever the colours and regimental distinctions, is shown on Plate III., line 3, No. 3.

In the main the dress of the native cavalry is dark blue. Five of the regiments wear red, the three Madras corps French grey, the Hyderabad and one other green, and only three drab. One regiment, the 1st, wears a yellow uniform, being perhaps the only one so clothed in the world.

Native artillery units wear blue with red facings, native engineer units, red with blue facings. The Queen’s Own Corps of Guides wears drab with red facings.

The greater part of the infantry wears, in full dress, scarlet, the various facings following no discoverable system, although certain groups of regiments have a regular colour scheme. A large number of regiments are clothed in drab, and there are Gurkha and other rifles in green; the remarkable Baluchi uniforms (green and drab with baggy red trousers) are unique in the British Empire.

The regiments of the Australian Commonwealth, with certain exceptions, wear khaki or drab with white facings and emu plume in the cavalry and green facings in the infantry. The same principle is carried out in other services, the intelligence corps having pale blue, the signal corps royal purple, the medical chocolate and the veterinary maroon facings. The artillery, engineers and army service corps are dressed as the corresponding branches of the home army. All the Canadian forces are uniformed very similarly to the British army. The 6th Dragoon Guards and the 13th Hussars are the models for the cavalry, and line, rifle, highland and fusilier uniforms are all represented, the dark rifle uniform predominating. In South Africa, as in Australia, khaki has become almost universal.

The Revolutionary simplification of the varied uniforms of the Ancien Regime has endured to the present day. Even in the various waves of flamboyant military fashions they have remained simple in the sense that all troops of an arm or branch were dressed practically alike, with none of the regimental differences that England, deferring to tradition, and Germany, systematizing the ordre de bataille to the last detail, preserved and introduced.

The line infantry wears a single-breasted blue tunic with red collar, a small red flap on the cuff, red epaulettes and gold buttons. The number of the regiment appears on a blue collar patch. The cap is a madder-red képi, with blue band, brass grenade, tricolour cockade and a ball. The trousers are loose, madder-red, and worn either with shoes and gaiters or with high ankle boots. The men usually march in the blue double-breasted greatcoat, under which is worn the plain veste (Plate III., line 2, No. 1). With this is worn a képi without ornaments and having the number in front. The officers wear a tunic of a different blue, almost black; otherwise, except for rank badges, it is similar to the men’s; epaulettes and braid, gold. The officers’ full dress képi has a golden ball and the trousers have a black stripe (Plate III., line 1, No. 1).

The chasseur battalions (Plate III., line 2, No. 2) wear the same pattern of tunic as the line, but the collar and cuffs are self-coloured, the epaulettes green, the trousers grey-blue with yellow piping, képi dark blue with yellow edgings and green ball, buttons, &c., silver. Chasseur officers are dressed as the men (with the usual officer’s blue-black tunic), but have a drooping green plume. The Alpine battalions wear a plain dark blue jumper and soft cap (béret) or tam-o’-shanter. Under the jumper, which is usually half-open, they wear a light blue shawl round the waist. The trousers are wide, dark blue knickerbockers, and puttees are worn with them.

The Zouaves (Plate III., line 1, No. 8) wear dark blue red-trimmed jackets and waistcoats, with a light blue cummerbund, baggy red trousers with blue piping and dark blue or white spats. The head-dress is a red tasselled cap (chéchia). The “false pockets” round which the braid circles on the front of the jacket are red for the 1st, white for the 2nd, yellow for the 3rd and blue for the 4th Zouaves. Zouave officers have the ordinary officer’s tunic, with blue-black collar and gold ornaments, but wear it unbuttoned (showing a red cummerbund) and without epaulettes. The cuff is pointed and slit almost to the elbow, the edges of the slit being gold laced according to rank and having a scarlet lining. Only the service képi is worn. The red trousers have the usual black stripe, and are cut very wide.

The Turcos are dressed similarly to the Zouaves, but with light blue jackets and waistcoats, light blue or white trousers, red cummerbund

and yellow braid; the four regiments are distinguished among themselves in the same way as the four Zouave units. Their officers have a light blue tunic with yellow collar, Zouave cuff, red trousers with light blue stripe; képi red, with light blue band.

The Foreign Legion is dressed as line infantry, with certain minor distinctions. The colonial (formerly marine) infantry wears a double-breasted tunic with gold buttons, blue grey trousers and dark blue képi with red piping, plain collar and cuffs. The full dress cap badge is an anchor.

Cavalry.—Cuirassiers (Plate III., line 1, No. 3) wear dark blue tunics with red collars and cuff-flaps. silver ornaments and steel cuirasses, steel helmet with brass ornaments, black horsehair tail, red “shaving-brush" at the front of this tail and another shaving-brush, of colour varying with the squadron, &c., on the left side of the helmet. The trousers are red (officers with dark blue stripes, men with blue piping). The number is borne on a blue collar patch. The officers wear silver, the men red, epaulettes. Undress cap as infantry, silver-laced for officers.

Dragoons wear blue tunics (the black-braided “dolman," shown on Plate III., line 1, No. 6, is gradually passing out of the service) with white collars and cuff-flaps, silver buttons, &c., helmet as for cuirassiers, but without the “shaving-brush” at the front of the horsehair tail, trousers red with dark blue stripe. The men wear shoulder-cords instead of epaulettes, and the officers only wear their silver epaulettes on ceremonial duties. The number appears on a blue collar patch. Undress cap as for cuirassiers.

Chasseurs à cheval (Plate III., line 1, No. 7) wear a light blue tunic or dolman (the latter black-braided) with silver buttons, red collars and cuff-flaps. The trousers are red with light blue piping (two broad and one narrow light blue stripes between for officers). The full dress head-dress is a light blue shako, with dark green plume in full dress, coloured ball in other orders. The badge on the shako is a brass bugle. The képi is red with light blue band and piping (silver braid for officers). Number on the collar.

Hussars are dressed as chasseurs à cheval, but with white braiding on the dolman instead of black, and self-coloured collar. The badge on the shako is an Austrian knot.

The Chasseurs d’ Afrique wear the half-open veste, which is light blue with yellow collar and edgings. The cuff is slit in the Zouave style, the visible lining being yellow. A red cummerbund is worn. The shako is almost invariably worn with a white cover and neck curtain. The trousers are red. Officers as the corresponding chasseur officers in France, but with yellow instead of red collars, &c.

The native Algerian cavalry, the Spahis, wear national costume red jacket with black braiding, red cummerbund, light blue wide trousers, and red morocco boots. Above this they wear a flowing red mantle of thick cloth, and over this mantle the ample white burnous, which covers the head and shoulders. Their French officers wear a red tunic, with self-coloured collar and cuffs, gold buttons and epaulettes, number with crescent in gold on the collar, gold rings on cuff according to rank, trousers as for the hussars, &c., in France.

Artillery.—The rank and file wear blue tunics or dolmans (more usually, however, the veste). The dolman has black braiding but a red shoulder-cord, and has red collar, with black patch and number, and red pointed cuffs; buttons, &c., gold. The trousers are dark blue, with two broad and one narrow red stripe. The képi is dark blue, with dark blue band and red ornaments, the full dress cap having a badge, in red, of crossed guns and grenade. Artillery officers wear a black-braided dolman (blue-black) with gold shoulder-cord and Austrian knot. Their képi has the artillery badge in brass, gold braid, and a red plume. Plate III., line 1, No. 5 shows an artillery officer serving on the general staff.

Engineers, dark blue tunic with gold buttons, black red-edged collar patches bearing the number in red, black red-edged flap on cuffs; red epaulettes, trousers and képi as for artillery. Engineer officers have the same tunic as infantry, without facings, and the engineer badge (a cuirass and helmet) on the full dress képi.

Train (Army Service Corps), blue-grey dolman, black-braided, with red collar, black braid on the cuff, and red shoulder-cord; infantry képi, officers as officers of the chasseurs à cheval but with (silver) Austrian knot on the sleeve, and red plume. Medical officers have dark blue dolman, red trousers with black stripe, and red collars and cuffs. Their distinctive marks are a whole red képi (with gold braid), a white armlet with the red cross, Aesculapius’ staff on the collar, gold-laced shoulder-strap, and a curious pouch-belt which is entirely wrapped in a red cloth cover that buttons over it.

Generals wear in full dress the uniform shown in Plate III., line 1, No. 4, with some distinctions of rank. In undress they Wear a dark blue jacket with black braiding, the black Austrian knot on the sleeve carrying the silver stars of rank; trousers red with black stripe; képi red, with a blue band covered by gold, oak leaf lace. General staff officers (see Plate III., line 1, No. 5) wear their regimental uniform, with gold or silver aiguillettes, and on the collar, instead of the regimental number, the thunderbolt badge of the staff, the badge or number being removed also from the képi. Their special distinctions are the armlet and the plume, which vary according to the staff to which the officer belongs.

Badges of Rank.—General officers (on the epaulette or on the Austrian knot), one silver star for general of brigade, two for general of division. Other officers (rings on the cuff and képi band, or

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/608


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/607

Royal Engineers (Plate II., line 2, No.5).—Scarlet tunic with garter, blue cuffs and collar, yellow shoulder-cords and piping, blue trousers with red stripe, helmet with royal arms on plate, and spike. Waist-belt white for men, gold-laced russia leather for officers, who wear also a pouch-belt of russia leather with a wavy gold lion in the centre.

Army Service Corps (Plate II., line 2, No. 1).—Blue tunic with white facings and white piping. Helmet with ball and plate, trousers blue with double white stripe. Officers, gold belts. Royal Army Medical Corps, blue uniform with magenta facings; Army Veterinary Corps, blue with maroon facings; Army Pay Corps, blue with yellow facings; Army Ordnance Corps, blue with red facings. The West India Regiment (negroes) wear a red sleeveless jacket over a white smock, baggy dark blue trousers, and a round cap with white puggaree.

The distinguishing mark of the staff officer in full dress is the aiguillette and the cocked hat with upright or drooping plume; in undress and service dress the red gorget patches on the collar. The full-dress uniforms of a field marshal and a general officer are shown in Plate II., line 1, Nos. 5 and 6.

Badges of Rank.—All officers have twisted gold shoulder-cords (except FootGuards, who wear a blue cloth shoulder-strap with lace edges); on these cords badges of rank are worn as follows: 2nd lieutenant, lieutenant and captain, 1, 2 and 3 stars; major, crown; lieutenant-colonel, crown and star; colonel, crown and 2 stars; brigadier-general, crossed swords; generals, sword and baton crossed, and (major-general) star; (lieutenant-general), crown; (general), crown and star; field marshal, crossed batons in a laurel wreath with crown above. In service dress (khaki), however. the badges are worn in worsted on a slashed flap of the sleeve, coupled with rings of braid (1 for a 2nd lieutenant or lieutenant, 2 for a captain, &c.), Non-commissioned officers wear chevrons (point downwards) on the upper right arm; lance-corporal or acting bombardier,1; corporal,2; sergeant,3; colour sergeant, 3 chevrons and crossed colours; staff-sergeant, 4 chevrons. On the lower part of the left arm chevrons(point up) are worn as “good

conduct” badges. A sergeant-major is dressed as an officer, except that he has a crown on the lower part of the right sleeve). There are also badges of proficiency such as crossed rifles for marksmen, a spur for rough-riders, a fleur-de-lys for scouts, &c.

Regimental Badges.—The grenade in various forms is worn by the Royal Artillery, the Grenadier Guards and the Fusilier regiments. The figure of Britannia was awarded to the (9th) Norfolk regiment for gallantry at Almanza, 1707. The White Horse of Hanover was given to some regiments for service against the Jacobites. The Lion of England was awarded by William III. to the King’s Own (Royal Lancaster) Regiment for services against the troops of James II. The Queen’s (Royal West Surrey) Regiment wear a Paschal Lamb, the badge of Catherine of Braganza, queen of Charles II. The Dragon of Wales figures among the badges of all the Welsh regiments. Several regiments wear a castle and key in memory of services at Gibraltar, others have a tiger for services in India and still more a sphinx for Egyptian campaigns. The most general of all badges—though not the most generally worn—is the “stripped” rose. Nearly all corps possess several badges, which are combined in various ways.

The special interest of these badges is that they are peculiar to the British army. Although a badge of the branch (infantry, cavalry, &c.) is common, no other army wears distinctive regimental devices.

A few details of general practice may be added. All cavalry wear a pouch-belt over the left shoulder. The crimson infantry sash is worn by officers round the waist and by sergeants across the body and over the right shoulder. All officers and sergeants who do not wear the sash, to whatever branch they belong, have a pouch-belt, the pattern of course varying. Ankle boots (and sometimes leggings with them) are worn by dismounted men. Swords, except in the case of Scottish infantry, are worn suspended by slings from a belt (the belt in infantry, rifles and hussars being worn under the tunic or sash). On foreign service the uniform is varied according to circumstances, the most usual change being from the full dress head-dress to the white helmet.

The full dress of the territorial army varies greatly, sometimes conforming exactly to the uniform of the corresponding regular units, sometimes keeping to its original “Rifle” character in grey or green of various shades. The latter conform to the rules of the dress of “Rifles” (e.g. wear pouch-belts instead of sashes), and the former, though in many cases the silver lace and ornaments of the old volunteer force are retained, to those for the regulars, the distinguishing mark in all cases being the letter “T” on the shoulder or collar. The yeomanry cavalry is variously attired, some old regiments possessing rich old-fashioned hussar uniforms, others of recent formation wearing “service” colours only. Some regiments are dressed as dragoons, but the great majority are hussars. The infantry and artillery of the Honourable Artillery Company of London are dressed somewhat after the fashion of the Grenadier Guards and the Royal Horse Artillery.

Undress Uniforms.—In “walking-out” order most troops wear the tunic, Household Cavalry and Dragoons with waist-belts and sword-slings, lancers with girdle (R.F.A. and Army Service Corps also wear girdles in walking-out order), infantry and all other branches except hussars with waist-belt. Sergeants of infantry wear the sash and side-arms, the latter privilege being accorded also to corporals of the guards regiments. White gloves are worn by sergeants. Since the general introduction of khaki service dress, undress uniforms of red, blue, &c., have mostly disappeared, but the blue serge “jumper” is still retained. Officers of infantry (except in hussars and Rifles) have undress frock coats of various patterns. With these the “Sam Browne” equipment brown leather waist-belt, frog and the sash and slings are worn, but with the jumper and service frock, braces. Field officers have an edging of braid on the peak of the undress caps, staff and general officers an oak-leaf design.

Service Dress.—This, since the conclusion of the Boer War, is universally khaki Serge, of shooting-coat pattern, with a spinal pleat and four large pockets; all buttons and badges are in bronze. It has a double collar. A peaked cap, breeches or trousers, and puttees of the same colour are worn with it. The universal pattern greatcoat and Macintosh are also khaki coloured. The guards and staff officers, however, wear a light grey overcoat.

Mess Dress, for officers, after undergoing various modifications, now almost universally consists of a jacket with roll collar, waistcoat, and overalls and patent leather Wellington boots, the colours following in the main those of the full dress.

It remains to mention a few of the many regimental distinctions, trifling in themselves yet of the greatest importance as fostering regimental pride and as recalling specially gallant services in the old wars. The officers of the 7th Hussars and the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry wear linen collars with their undress uniforms. The Royal Welsh Fusiliers have a bow of black velvet (called a “flash,” this being an obsolete slang Word for “wig”) sewn to the back of the collar—a survival of the old-fashioned method of tying the hair in a club queue. The officers of certain regiments, in memory of severe losses, wear a black line in their gold lace. To commemorate Culloden the sergeants of the Somersetshire Light Infantry wear their sashes over the left shoulder as officers used to do. Until after the South African War the only fusilier regiment that wore plumed busbies was the Northumberland Fusiliers; now, however, all fusiliers wear a hackle (in the order of regiments shown in the

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/607


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/609

 strands of braid on the Austrian knot), 1 for sub-lieutenant, 2 for lieutenant, 3 for captain, 4 for commandant, 5 (3 gold and 2 silver) for lieutenant-colonel, 5 for colonel (Plate III., line 1, figs. 1 and 5). Epaulettes: sub-lieutenant, 1 with fringe on right shoulder and 1 scale on left; lieutenant, fringed on left and scale on right shoulder; captain, both fringed; commandant, as sub-lieutenant but with thicker fringe; lieutenant-colonel and colonel, both with thick fringes (in the case of the lieutenant-colonel the body is silver). The vertical braids of the képi also vary according to rank. Field officers as a rule wear in full dress “shaving brush” plumes instead of a ball.

Under-Officers.—The badge is a stripe crossing the lower half of the sleeve diagonally; lance-corporals 1, corporals 2 worsted stripes; sergeants 1, sergeant-majors 2 gold or silver stripes. The “adjutant,” who corresponds to the British sergeant-major, has a ring of lace, like an officer’s, but narrower.

The infantry of the Prussian Guard wear single-breasted dark Prussian blue tunics with red piping on front and skirt flaps, or gold buttons (1st and 5th Foot Guards and Guard Fusiliers silver), white belts (3rd or “Fusilier” battalions and the Guard Fusiliers black), red collars and cuffs, spiked helmets with, in full dress, white plumes (Guard Fusiliers black). Guard distinctions throughout Germany take the form of “guard-stripes,” collar stripes of embroidery, and similar stripes forming false buttonholes round the buttons on the cuff, whether these are of the “Brandenburg” (plain flap with 3 buttons), “French” (slashed flap with 3 buttons), or “Swedish” (round cuff with buttons along the top edge) pattern.

The 1st to 4th Foot Guards have two guard-stripes on the collar, Swedish cuff with stripes, and white, red, yellow and light blue (the ordinary German indicative sequence) shoulder-straps. The Guard Fusiliers have the same uniform with yellow shoulder-straps and plume and belt as stated above. The 1st to 4th Grenadier Guards have double guard-stripes, red “Brandenburg” cuffs with blue flaps and embroidered stripes, shoulder-straps coloured in the same order as the Foot Guards. The 5th Foot Guards and 5th Grenadier Guards (of later formation) wear only a single guard-stripe; these return to white shoulder-straps in the sequence, and both have the blue flap and stripes. Service cap as in the line. For gala wear the 3rd battalion of the 1st Foot Guards, and all battalions of the 1st Grenadier Guards, wear the old mitre cap, once of cloth, but now become rigid and consisting of a metal front plate and a stiff red cap behind it.

The line infantry (other than Bavarians, Saxons, Württembergers, &c.) wear blue tunic with gold buttons, red piping, and red collar. The cuffs, also red, are of the “Brandenburg” pattern, plain round with a small red flap. The shoulder straps bear the number, or cipher. The head-dress is a small black leather helmet with brass Prussian eagle badge and spike. The trousers are dark grey with red piping, the equipment of black leather, the boots of Wellington pattern (the trousers being tucked into them). The greatcoat is grey with shoulder-straps as on tunic and a collar patch of the cuff-flap colour. The service cap is a round cap without peak, dark blue with red band and piping, and two cockades, “national” and “imperial.” Exceptions to these rules are: Prussian grenadiers (Nos. 1 to 12) wear black horsehair plumes and white belts, Mecklenburg grenadiers No. 89, Queen’s Fusiliers No. 86, Brunswick regiment No. 92, 145th Prussian regiment, black plumes.

The Prussian and quasi-Prussian portions of the army follow a clear rule as to the badge of the army corps. The infantry of each corps has shoulder-straps of uniform colour, and when a regiment changes its corps it changes its shoulder-strap. There is a further distinguishing mark on the cuff-flap:—

Except in regiments (such as the guards of the smaller states now numbered in the line of the army, and a few others) where the blue flap and guard-stripes are worn, the greater part of the Prussian regiments wear the historic red flap; but there came a time when the system of indicating regimental variations had to be expanded, and thereafter (from No. 145 inclusive onwards) red and white flaps were given alternately to new regiments, in such a way that there was one “white” regiment in each corps. The I. corps on the Russian frontier, being further reinforced, received one regiment with a yellow (150th) and one with a light blue flap (151st). “Guard” distinctions are worn by the Mecklenburg Grenadiers, No. 89, double guard-stripe on collar, blue cuff-flap with red piping and embroidery; by the 7th Prussian Grenadiers, single guard-stripe and blue flap with embroidery (edged with V. corps colour); by the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 8th Prussian Grenadiers and by the 80th Fusiliers (formerly the elector of Hesse’s bodyguard), single guard-stripe and embroidery on the ordinary red cuff-flap.

The infantry of Hesse-Darmstadt, Württemberg and Baden are similarly uniformed to those of Prussia, the distinctions being easily described. The five “Grand Ducal Hessian” regiments (115–118 and 168) have not the corps (XVIII.) distinction, and have both shoulder-straps and cuff-flap of the same colour (red, white, light blue, yellow and red), the senior regiment, 115 (bodyguard regiment), having double guard-stripe on the collar and guard patches on the flap. A very marked distinction is in the buttons, which are invariably silver, and in the helmet badge, which is a lion rampant. The first three regiments wear a black plume.

Of the Württemberg infantry (XIII. corps), the 119th and 123rd regiments (guards) wear the double guard-stripe, and the “Swedish” cuff, also plumed helmets. The remainder have red shoulder-straps and red cuff-flaps edged with light blue, like the XV. army corps, and the only conspicuous distinction is the royal arms instead of the eagle on the helmet. The 120th also wears the grenadier plume.

Of the Baden regiments, the 109th and 110th (guards and grenadiers) have white plumes and white shoulder-straps, the 109th having the Swedish cuff with patches, the double guard stripe, and silver buttons. The remainder have yellow, red, light blue and green shoulder-straps; there is no edging to the flap. The only distinguishing mark for these is the Baden device (a griffin and a shield) on the helmet.

The Saxon infantry, though assimilated to the Prussian in most respects, is distinguished by various well-marked peculiarities. All shoulder-straps are self-coloured and edged with red. All Saxon regiments have either the “Swedish” or more usually the so-called “German” plain round cuff (red), with two buttons on back seam. The guard and grenadier regiments, 100th and 101st, have black plumes, double guard-stripes and “Swedish” cuffs. The helmet has an eight-pointed brass star. The 108th is a rifle regiment, and wears a green tunic with black red-edged collar and cuffs, dark grey trousers and a shako with black plume looped to one side in the Austrian fashion. The service cap of this corps is green with black piping and band. A peculiarity of the Saxons is that the bottom edges of the tunics are edged with red, as well as the front, and the skirt flaps are very short.

The Bavarian infantry has retained its historic light blue uniform, though in most details the Prussian model has been accepted. Tunic and trousers are light blue with red piping, red cuffs, collars and shoulder-straps. The Bavarian bodyguard regiment has red collar with double guard-stripe, red Swedish cuff with stripes, red shoulder-straps and silver buttons, but no plume. The line has gold buttons and appointments and “Brandenburg” cuffs, flaps edged according to the usual sequence (I. corps white, II. none, III. yellow). The service cap is light blue with red band and piping. Belts black.

Jägers and Schützen.—The Jäger uniform is bright green, with red collars, piping and Swedish cuffs (Prussian Guard, double guard-stripe and cuff-stripes), gold buttons, trousers as for line, and a small shako with drooping black plume. The Mecklenburg battalion No. 14, however, has light green collars, cuffs and shoulder-straps edged with red, and double guard-stripe and cuff-stripes. The Guard Schützen battalion (originally a French-speaking corps from Neuchatel) has black collars and cuffs, edged with red shoulder-straps, double guard-stripe and green red-edged “French” (i.e. slashed) cuff-flaps with stripes; and the Jäger battalions of the XII. and XVIII. corps have exactly the same uniform as the Saxon Schützen regiment already mentioned, silver buttons being substituted for gold. The Bavarian Jäger battalions have light blue uniforms with green facings, Swedish cuff, and shako. In all these the field cap is of the colour of the uniform, the band of the colour of the collar, the piping as on the tunic.

Cavalry.—The heavy cavalry consists of the Prussian Gardes du Corps and Guard Cuirassiers, the eight line cuirassier regiments, and the Saxon and Bavarian “heavy cavalry.” In most of these cuirasses of black or bright iron or of brass (with or without breast decorations), and even cuirass-shaped remnants of the old buff coat, in richly decorated leather, are worn on ceremonial occasions. The head-dress is a helmet of burgonet shape. The ordinary full dress of Prussian cuirassiers is a white long-skirted tunic (called a Koller) with white shoulder-straps and collars, edged along the collar and down the front (which is hooked, not buttoned) with broad braid (white, with lines of the regimental colour). The Swedish cuffs, edged with similar braid, are of the regimental colour, of which colour there is also a patch on the collar and piping round the shoulder-straps and back seams. In full dress white trousers, otherwise dark grey trousers with red piping, are worn. The undress tunic is dark blue of the ordinary buttoned pattern, but with braided cuffs, white shoulder-strap and collar-patch and braid as in full dress. The field cap is of the tunic colour with band of the regimental colour. The belts are white. High jack-boots are worn. The guard regiments have double guard-stripe and cuff-stripes.

The Saxon heavy cavalry wears light blue braided cuirassier tunics, with brass scales instead of shoulder-straps, white piping, brass helmets with the Saxon star device, Swedish cuffs cut gauntlet-wise, white or light blue trousers, light blue cap, and white belts. In the 1st Guard regiment the collar and cuffs are white, the braid light blue and white, the helmet ornament a silver lion, the cap-

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/609


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/610

Rh

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/610


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/611

 band white; in the 2nd Carabineers collar and cuffs black, braid black and white, helmet ornament a brass spike, cap-band black. The Bavarian heavy cavalry is dressed in dragoon fashion—light blue tunic, red facings, light blue collar edging, light blue trousers with red stripe, helmet with white plume. 1st regiment has silver buttons, the 2nd gold.

The line dragoon regiments, other than those of Oldenburg, Mecklenburg, Baden, Württemberg, and Grand Ducal Hesse (Saxony and Bavaria have no dragoons) wear light blue tunics with collars, shoulder-straps (with number), piping and cuffs of the regimental colour. The cuffs are Swedish. The trousers are blue-black without stripe. The helmet is black leather, very similar to the infantry helmet, with black horsehair plume. The regimental distinctions follow a regular scheme thus:—

The 17th and 18th (Mecklenburg) have respectively scarlet facings and gold buttons, and black facings with silver buttons. They have the double guard-stripe and cuff stripes. The 19th (Oldenburg) have the ordinary uniform with black facings and silver buttons, but white shoulder-straps.

The Baden regiments (20, 21 and 22) have light blue uniforms with scarlet, yellow and black facings, light blue, light blue and red edgings, and silver buttons. They have white plumes instead of black, and the Baden device on the helmet. The Hessian regiments (23 and 24) have dark green tunics; the 23rd have double guard-stripe, cuff stripes and scarlet facings; the 24th the ordinary tunic with white facings, and both silver buttons. The Württembergers (25 and 26) have white and yellow facings respectively, collar edging light blue, buttons gold and silver respectively; the 25th regiment has double guard-stripe and cuff stripes, and white plume. Belts are white throughout, except in the Hessian units, which have black.

The Prussian Guard Dragoons have light blue uniforms and red facings, double guard-stripes, and cuff stripes. Buttons gold in the 1st, silver in the 2nd. White plumes.

The uniforms of the eight Bavarian regiments of Chevaulegers resemble those of dragoons. They wear the black dragoon helmet and white plumes, dark green tunics, trousers and undress cap, and white belts. They also have the dragoon cuffs. But they have the double-breasted lancer tunic with front and piping of the regimental colour; crimson 1st and 2nd; pink 3rd and 6th; scarlet 4th and 5th; white 7th and 8th; the first of each pair having gold, the second silver ornaments.

The Lancers (Ulanen) wear the usual lancer uniform of czapka, double-breasted tunic with plastron, and girdle. The trousers are dark grey, the plume white. The girdle is of the uniform colour edged with the facings colour. The cuff is the so-called “Polish,” a round, slightly pointed cuff with a button (and where appropriate a guard-stripe) in the middle of the pointed portion. The collar is edged with the uniform colour. Regimental distinctions in the line are as shown in table at the top of next column.

Guard Ulans: dark blue tunic with double guard-stripe and cuff stripes, and dark grey trousers; 1st, red facings, and piping, white turnback (piped red), white czapka; 2nd, scarlet facings and czapka; 3rd, yellow facings and czapka.

17th, 18th and 21st (Saxon), light blue tunics and trousers, crimson facings, double guard-stripes and cuff stripes, brass scales, white piping. Czapkas white, crimson, light blue. Undress caps white. 19th and 20th (Württemberg). dark blue uniforms, dark

grey trousers, facings and czapkas scarlet in 19th, yellow in 20th. 19th double guard-stripe and cuff stripe. Ornaments silver. 1st and 2nd Bavarian Ulans, dark green tunics and trousers, crimson facings and czapkas, white belts instead of girdles; 1st gold, 2nd silver ornaments. * These two regiments have white piping.

The Hussars are very richly dressed, many having the slung pelisse. The front cuffs, back seams and collar are braided. The busby is low and slightly conical, the busby-bag hanging over towards the back on the left side. On the front of the busby are various decorations. Round the waist is a white girdle intertwined with the colours of the state to which the regiment belongs. A plain shoulder cord is worn. The trousers are dark grey with lace stripe. The Hessian boots have embroidered top and boss. The five senior regiments preserve the unusual colours indicative of their irregular origin. The remainder are clothed in dark and light blue, or green. All wear a white (gold or silver officers) pouch-belt, white plumes. The undress cap is of the colour of the tunic, with various bands.

The 17th Brunswick Hussars, preserving the memory of the Black Brunswickers of the Napoleonic wars, have black uniforms (no pelisse), with gold lace and red busby-bag. The 18th and 19th (Saxon) Hussars have light blue tunics and trousers (no pelisse), with gold and silver lace and red and crimson busby-bags respectively. No information is available as to the 20th Hussars, formed in November 1910.

The Jägers zu Pferd (mounted rifles) have a green-grey tunic and trousers of cuirassier cut, with green collars, Swedish cuffs, shoulder-straps, and piping, green-grey cap, brown belts and a black helmet of cuirassier pattern. The buttons are silver. The broad cuirassier braid on collar, front and cuffs is green, with white lines in the 1st, red in the 2nd, yellow 3rd, light blue 4th (the normal sequence), black 5th. The edgings of the shoulder-straps are similarly white, red, &c. The “staff orderlies” wear the same uniform, with certain deviations, in particular yellow and green braid, gold buttons, and white undress cap.

The machine gun detachments wear a grey uniform with red Swedish cuffs (guard-stripes and cuff stripes in the Guard corps), collar, shoulder-strap and piping. The head-dress is the Jäger shako, and the whole uniform is of Jäger type, so much so that the 2nd Guard detachment has the black collar and “French” cuff of the Gardeschützen.

The field artillery has the dark blue tunic with red piping, black collar and Swedish cuffs, gold appointments, and dark grey trousers without stripe. The helmet has a ball ornament. The cap is blue with black band. The Guard regiments have double guard-stripes and cuff stripes and a white plume—shoulder-straps, white for 1st, red for 2nd, yellow for 3rd, light blue for 4th regiment. In the field artillery at large the shoulder-straps are of the corps colour.

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/611


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/612

 The Bavarian, two Württemberg, one Baden and two Hessian regiments have white or black (Bavarians red) plumes, otherwise as for a “red” Prussian corps. The Mecklenburg artillery has silver buttons. The Saxon field artillery uniform is altogether different, consisting of green tunics with red collars and Swedish cuffs, gold appointments, red edgings, and black plume (horse artillery have a brass scale). Prussian and Bavarian field artillery have white belts, others black.

The foot artillery, which has white shoulder-straps, is distinguished from the field by the black Brandenburg cuff with plain blue flap (Guard Swedish cuff, guard-stripes, &c.) and by a red trouser piping. The Saxon foot artillery is distinguished from the field by the ball ornament instead of plume, and the “German” cuff. Belts black (Guard and Bavarians white). Bavarian foot artillery as Prussian, but with a spiked helmet and black cuff-flap, red-edged.

The pioneers have the same uniform as artillery, but with silver buttons and appointments. The shoulder-straps are red, the helmet is spiked (Guards, black plume). The cuffs are black, red-edged, Swedish. Saxon pioneers as field artillery, but with “German” cuff. The “communication troops” wear similar uniforms with special badges, some having the Jäger shako. The Train (army service corps) has dark blue dragoon uniforms with light blue facings and black plumes; Saxons, however, have light blue with black facings. Medical officers and hospital corps wear blue uniforms with blue collars and cuffs and red edgings; stretcher bearers, &c., blue with magenta facings and silver buttons, &c.

Rank Badges (a).—Non-commissioned officers: lance-corporal a button on each side of the collar. Corporals and sergeants gold or silver lace on the collar and cuffs, small patches of the national colours on the collar patches of the greatcoat. Sergeants are distinguished from corporals by a button to the collar. There are numerous minor distinctions on the sword knots, lance pennons, hussar girdles, &c. Sergeant-majors have a narrow ring of lace on the cuff in addition to the broad under-officer’s ring; and on the greatcoat patch two small national patches. Aspirant officers wear the uniform of their non-commissioned rank with some of the officer’s distinctions. (b) Officers: The distinctive mark of the commissioned officer is the shoulder-piece (epaulette or cord). The epaulette is almost always silver and is worn as a “scale,” i.e. without fringe, by captains and subalterns, with a fine fringe by field officers and with a thick fringe by general officers. The ranks within each class are distinguished by small stars on the circle of the epaulette, lieutenant, major, and major-general, no star; first lieutenant, lieutenant-colonel and lieutenant-general, one Star; captain, colonel and general, two stars. A colonel-general has three stars and a field-marshal crossed batons. The number or cipher is also worn by all regimental officers. The body of the epaulette is usually of the same colour as the shoulder-strap of the rank and file. The shoulder cord for captains and subalterns is made up of straight strips of silver lace, that for field officers is of twisted silver cords, that of general officers is composed of two gold cords and one of silver and colours intertwined. In all these, lines of the national colours are interwoven with the silver. Badges, numbers, &c., as on the epaulette. A silver waist-sash (staff officers and adjutants shoulder-sash) is worn by all combatant officers (except hussars, who have girdles). An interesting survival of earlier uniforms is found in the full dress of general officers. The tunic buttons below the waist, and while on the left shoulder there is only a narrow silver cord, on the right the thick cord of gold, silver and coloured silks is extended to form an aiguillette. The aiguillette is also worn on the right shoulder by staff officers and some others. A universal custom, which is also a survival, is for all ranks to wear sword-knots, even with the bayonet.

The new service dress is a loose-fitting “field-grey” uniform, except in Jägers, machine-gun detachments and Jägers zu Pferd, who wear grey-green field dress.

The infantry uniforms, since the abandonment of the historic white after 1866, have been of a very quiet shade of dark blue, and the facings colours are more varied than those of any other army. The “German,” that is Austrian, infantry wears in full dress a dark blue single-breasted tunic, light blue trousers, and a black leather shako with double eagle and a metal ball ornament. The equipment is black. On the shoulders are straps terminating in rolls or “wings,” all of the regimental colour, as are the collar and the (“German”) cuffs. In marching or service dress the tunic is replaced by a hooked jacket or blouse with plain cuffs, no shoulder-straps, and only collar patches of the regimental colour. The trousers are turned up over or tucked into a high ankle boot. The field cap is of cloth, cylindrical, with flaps buttoning in front. Hungarian infantry wears the same tunic but has a silver or white embroidered device in front of the cuff. The trousers are tight pantaloons, with a yellow piping and “Austrian”—really Hungarian—knots. Officers of infantry have no shoulder cords or straps. The full dress shako and the collar are ornamented with braid or lace according to rank. A yellow waist-sash is worn. Hungarian officers are dressed as Austrian except for the tunic cuff ornament. In other respects both the tunic and the blouse are similar to the men’s. Jägers wear a broad-brimmed felt hat with cock’s feather plume on the left. The tunic, trousers and cap are green-grey; the buttons gold; cuffs, collar, shoulder

ornament and piping in full dress, and collar patch and piping in undress, green. Officers wear the waist-sash and double green stripes on the trousers. All officers in undress wear plain dark grey trousers and dark grey cylindrical cloth cap, both in the line and the Jägers.

Dragoons wear light blue jackets with collar and cuffs of regimental colour and narrow white or gold shoulder cord, red trousers, black crested helmets (gilded crests for officers), and slung pelisse exactly similar to the jacket except that the collar and cuffs are of black fur. The jacket is not merely an ornament, but is frequently worn, serving as a tunic. The field cap of the rank and file is red, shaped as for infantry, but without peak. Belts brown. The facings are—dark red 1st and 3rd, black 2nd and 6th, grass green 4th and 9th, imperial yellow 5th and 12th, sulphur yellow 7th and 10th, scarlet 8th and 11th, madder red 13th and 14th, white 15th. Silver buttons 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13; gold 3, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15.

Hussars wear dark or light blue jackets and pelisses, the former braided, the latter braided and edged with black fur. The trousers are red with gold “Austrian” knots and piping (all hussars are Hungarian) and the boots have the usual hussar braid. The headdress is a shako with black “shaving-brush” plume. Regimental distinctions are as follows:— Lancers (Uhlans, who do not carry lances) wear the lancer cap (czapka) with black plume looped back, and old ornaments, light blue double-breasted lancer tunics (slung on the shoulder as pelisses) with madder red cuffs and piping—but no “plastron”—black for collar and gold shoulder cord. The jacket is plain, light blue, with breast and skirt pockets and flaps edged red, red collar and cuffs, no shoulder cord. The trousers are red. Regimental distinctions—top of the czapka, imperial yellow 1st and 6th, dark green 2nd and 7th, madder 3rd and 8th, white 4th, light blue 5th, cherry 11th, dark blue 12th and 13th. Gold buttons 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 12th; silver 6th, 7th, 8th, 11th and 13th.

All cavalry officers wear gold or silver pouch-belts; in undress dark grey trousers and cap are worn. Men’s undress cap as for dragoons. All cavalry men carry the carbine slung and have brown belts.

Artillery wear maroon tunics, light blue trousers, red collars, cuffs, shoulder-straps and wings, light blue cap, shako with black plume looped back. Fortress artillery have a red stripe in the trousers, technical artillery are dressed as field, but with dark grey trousers and cap and without plume. Buttons gold. On the jacket the whole collar is red. Officers wear pouch-belts as cavalry, and in undress the usual grey trousers and cap.

Engineers have an infantry uniform, but in the Jäger colours, grey and green. Train (A.S.C.) as artillery, but with light blue facings and red trousers with cap. Their shako has no plume.

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/612


text: Author:John Alexander Stewart

title: Author:John Alexander Stewart


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/613

Rh

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 27.djvu/613