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 стеклом. I cut my foot on a piece of glass. □ Для начинки порежьте яблоки помельче. Dice the apples for the filling.

порекомендовать (pct of рекомендовать, which is both dur and pct).

поровну (/cf ровный/) equally. Разделите шоколад поровну между всеми детьми. Divide the chocolate equally among the children.

порог threshold. Осторожно, тут порог. Careful of the threshold here. • doorstep. *Я порогов у него обивать не стану. I'm not going to camp on his doorstep. □ пороги rapids. Вы когда-нибудь Днепровские пороги видали? Have you ever seen the Dnieper rapids? □ Его туда и на порог не пустят. They won't even let him in.

порода type. Какой породы это дерево? What type of tree is that? □ чистой породы thoroughbred. Эта собака чистой породы. This dog is a thoroughbred.

порожний empty. Что вы целый день с порожней телегой разъезжаете? Why are you riding all day with an empty wagon? □ Хватит! Нечего переливать из пустого в порожнее. Stop wasting your time in idle chatter.

порой (is of пора') on occasion. Он привирает порой. He tells lies on occasion. • sometimes. Мне это порой становится невтерпёж. Sometimes I just can't stand it any more. • at times. Он порой бывает несносен. He's unbearable at times.

порок vice. Ну, какой же ваш главный порок? Well, what is your biggest vice? □ Боюсь, что у него порок сердца. I'm afraid he has a heart ailment. • *Бедность не порок. Poverty is no crime.

поросёнок (-нка, P поросята, поросят, поросятам) suckling pig. А поросёнка под хреном вы когда-нибудь пробовали? Have you ever tried a suckling pig with horseradish?

порох gunpowder. Осторожно, в этом ящике порох. Be careful; there's gunpowder in this box. □ Я ему попробовал возразить, но он сразу вспыхнул, как порох. I tried to contradict him, but he exploded immediately. • *Да, он пороху не выдумает. He won't set the world on fire. • *У вас на это не хватит пороха. You wouldn't have the guts for that. • *Не тратьте пороха, его не переубедишь. Don't waste any effort; he won't change his mind.

порошок (-шка) powder. Доктор прописал ему порошки от кашля. The doctor prescribed some cough powders for him. — Надо посыпать постель персидским порошком. We have to put some insect powder on the bed. — Дать вам пасты или зубного порошка? Shall I give you tooth paste or powder?

порт (/P -ы; в порту/) port. В порту стоит несколько иностранных пароходов. There are a few foreign ships in port.

портить (/pct: ис-/) to spoil. Не портите себе глаза, зажгите лампу. Don't spoil your eyes; turn on the lamp. — Боюсь, что эта работа портит мне характер. I'm afraid this work spoils my disposition. • to make a mess of. Лучше по-молчите, вы всё дело портите. Better keep quiet; you're making a mess of the whole business. • to bungle. Он вечно всё портит. He always bungles everything he does. □ Дружба с ним портит вашу репутацию. Friendship with him ruins your reputation.

портниха dressmaker.

портной (AM) tailor.

портрет portrait. Чей это портрет? Whose portrait is this?

портсигар cigarette case. Я оставил портсигар на столе в номере. I forgot my cigarette case on the table in my hotel room.

портфель (M) brief case. Я забыл портфель в вагоне. I left my brief case in the coach.

поручать (dur of поручить) to trust. Разве можно поручать ему такое ответственное дело? How can you trust him with such a responsible job?

поручение errand. Я охотно исполню ваше поручение. I'll gladly run your errand. • mission. Ему дали ответственное поручение. He was given a responsible mission. • message. Я звоню вам по поручению вашего друга. I'm calling you with a message from your friend.

поручить (-ручу, -ручит; pct of поручать) to ask. Мне поручили передать вам эту посылку. I was asked to deliver this package to you. • to charge with. Ему поручено руководство этим учреждением. He's charged with the management of this office. • to put in charge. А кому вы поручите заботу о доме в вашем отсутствии? Who will you put in charge of running your house while you're away?

-ся to vouch. Я могу за него поручиться. I can vouch for him. • to guarantee. А кто мне поручится, что он справится с этой работой? Who'll guarantee that he'll be able to handle this work?

порция portion. Тут хорошо кормят, только порции маленькие. The food is good here, but the portions are small. • helping. Можно мне получить вторую порцию? Can I have a second helping?

порча damage. Отчего произошла порча машины? What caused the damage to the car? • spoilage. Ему придётся отвечать за порчу продуктов. If there's any spoilage of food, he'll be responsible.

порчу See портить.

порывать (dur of порвать).

порядок (-дка) order. У неё в комнате образцовый порядок. Everything in her room is in perfect order. — Поставьте карточки в алфавитном порядке. Put the cards in alphabetical order. — Призываю вас к порядку! Order! Order! • arrangement. У нас теперь новый порядок получения отпусков. We have a new arrangement for receiving leaves now. • setup. У вас тут, я вижу, новые порядки. I see you have a new setup here. — Ну и порядки! What kind of setup do you call this! • way. Вам придётся действовать обычным порядком. You'll have to act in the customary way. • condition. Он вернул книги в полном порядке. He returned the books in perfect condition. • formality. Он нас знает, но всё-таки для порядка попросил показать пропуск. He knows us, but asked us to show our pass anyway for the sake of formality. □ наводить порядок to put in order. В одну неделю он навёл повсюду порядок. He put things in order everywhere in a week's time. по порядку step by step. Расскажите по порядку всё, как было. Tell me everything that happened, step by step. порядок дня agenda. Что у нас сегодня в порядке дня? What do we have on the agenda today? □ Эту работу нужно выполнить в срочном порядке. This work must be done in an extra hurry. • Это в порядке


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CHAPTER III THE PROPHETS MOHAMMED, JESUS, AND MOSES CHARLATANS OR VICTIMS OF MENTAL AND PHYSICAL DISEASE ''The prophet or seer is a man of strong imaginative powers, which have not been calmed by education. The ideas which occur to his mind often present themselves to his eyes and ears in corresponding sights and sounds. . . . Prophets have existed in all countries and at all times; but the gift becomes rare in the same proportion as people learn to read and write.'' Author:William Winwood Reade.

RELIGIOUS apologists are forever reminding us that we must interpret both the lives and the works of their prophets and recorders in the spirit and meaning of the ages in which they lived. To this I agree; but the apologists have so mutilated the meaning of the words of the seers and built about them such a mass of nonsense, myth, and fable that it becomes nearly impossible after the lapse of centuries to differentiate the actual man from the fabled man. But there are certain facts that do come down to us recorded by disinterested observers from which can be derived finally some conception of their mode of life, and the content and significance of their teachings.

Although time causes great changes in customs and manners, it only effects a negligible variation in the vast majority of diseases which affect the body and mind of man. We know from the examination of the skeletal remains of prehistoric man that the diseases of the

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Science and Citizenship XXVII A new Secular order of biologists is beginning to appear in the Eugenists, who seek to develop and apply Mr. Francis Galton's doctrine of Eugenics. It belongs to this doctrine to rescue the "perfect man" from the lumber of archaic survivals, and restore it, not as an idol of a Golden Past, but as a legitimate ideal of the future. Taken over from theology by political philosophers of the eighteenth century, the idea of the Fall of Man from a state of primordial perfection became a powerful solvent of economic and political institutions. An abortive and premature attempt was then made by early biologists and sociologists to use the doctrine as a constructive ideal by transforming it into the conception of a future perfectibility of type. But in the generation which witnessed the classic demonstration of organic evolution by Spencer and Darwin, by Haeckel, Wallace, and Galton, the very idea of perfectibility was discredited. Nevertheless the language of the Fall persisted, and of necessity had its unconscious influence on thought. It was therefore quite natural, if not inevitable, that the place of Man in the animal series should be worked out in terms of descent and not ascent. But the idea of potency latent in organic evolution was bound to manifest itself.

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Rh They must build on the corner stone that all religion is human in its origin, erroneous in its theories, and ridiculous in its threats and rewards. Religion is the greatest impediment to the progress of human happiness.


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66 bone of thousands of years ago were similar in their manifestations to those same diseases of bone of today. From the writings of the early Egyptian, Greek, and Roman physicians we identify diseases by their symptoms, and recognize that the symptoms of these diseases have not changed throughout the ages. Therefore, with the knowledge of the signs and symptoms of various diseases which we have today, we can safely assert that if an ancient complained of the same group of signs and symptoms (which is now termed a "disease complex"), he was suffering from the same disease which we can identify in modern man.

What applies to physical disease is just as applicable to mental disease. In speaking of mental disease, it is important for the layman to keep in mind a few fundamental principles held by the physician. The physician in speaking of mental disease means a more or less permanent departure from the normal or usual way of thinking, acting, or feeling. In the examination of a patient with mental disease the physician looks for delusions, illusions, and hallucinations.

A delusion is a false belief, concerning which the individual who holds it is unable to admit evidence such as would be admitted by ordinary individuals.

An illusion is a deception of the senses, a misinterpretation of sensory impressions; the normal person can be convinced of this deception. The mirage, for example, is an optical illusion which has a starting point in an external stimulus.

A hallucination is a deception of any of the five senses, in which there is no starting point but it is fabricated in a disordered mind. Illustrations of hallucinations are the hearing of voices when none are present, smelling of odors, the seeing of visions in a vacuum.

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Science and Citizenship centre of interest in Man's pedigree from the Past to the Future, Actually and in point of fact the worst bred of animals, Man has become so, because he of all animals has the highest potency for degeneration or for evolution. That is one of the truths revealed to us by evolutionary biology. The other is the legitimacy of aspiration towards a future ideal. But the ideal of evolutionary biology markedly differs from its pre-scientific anticipations. It is an ideal definable as starting from a known potency, and approximately realisable within finite space and time, and to be reached by ascertainable processes operating within discoverable limits. In short, the ideal of Eugenics has the scientific character of being a verifiable ideal and not an illusory one. It postulates an ideal type towards which we can definitely steer and certainly move with assured hope of approximately, but never actually, reaching it. For the ideal itself undergoes evolution, the very increase of evolutionary potencies and processes being itself the warrant of higher aspirations. Mathematicians express the relation of two paths always converging but never meeting by the word asymptotic. Originating outside the systems of professed philosophers, evolutionary idealism has yet its necessary relations to traditional doctrines of idealism and realism. Its place and correlation with these has yet to be worked out and defined. But meantime it may help towards establishing a point of contact with existing systems of philosophy to say that evolutionary ideals express an asymptotic reality.

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154 end of the seams, that they may not give way for being dry. Tremendous vanity, that one man should allow the mouth of another to be applied to his feet that he may have them trimly set out! The shoemaker unfolds the heel, turns round with the shoeing skin in his hand, and begins to fit the second part of the shoe upon the foot. He desires the gallant to put the end of the foot down, and the gallant does as he is desired. He draws the shoe towards him with such force that the person who is thus being shoed is compressed in an unseemly manner between the shoemaker's body and the back of the chair. Presently he tells him to put his heel down, and the man is as obedient as a slave. He orders him then to stamp upon the ground, and the man stamps as he is ordered. The gallant then seats himself again; the cruel operator draws the shoeing skin from the instep, and in its place drives in a stick which they call costa. He then turns upon it the punch, which makes the holes in the leather, through which the ribbons are to pass; he again twists round his hand the strip of hare-skin which hangs from the heel, and pulls it as if he were ringing a bell, and leaves upon the upper part of the top a pain and marks as if he had punched the holes in it. He bores the ears,


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Rh passes the string through with a bodkin, brings the ears together that they may fasten the shoe, fits them to their intended place, and ties the knot with such force, that if it were possible to strangle a man by the neck of his foot, strangled the gallant would be. Then he makes the rose, with more care than grace. He goes then to take out the shoeing skin which is still hanging from the heel; he lays hold of this, strikes the sole of the foot with his other hand as if settling it, and draws out the skin, bringing out all with it. The gallant puts his foot to the ground, and remains looking at it. The shoemaker rises, wipes the sweat from his forehead with his fingers, and draws his breath like one who has been running. All this trouble might have been saved by making the shoe a little larger than the foot. Presently both have to go through the same pains with the other foot. Now comes the last and terrible act of payment. The tradesman collects his tools, receives his money, and goes out at the door, looking at the silver to see if it is good, and leaving the gallant walking as much at his ease as if he had been put in fetters.

"If they who wear tight shoes think that thereby they can lessen the size of their feet, they are mistaken. The bones cannot be squeezed one into another; if therefore the shoe is made short, the foot must be crooked at the joints, and grow upward if it is not allowed to grow forward. If it is pinched in


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156 the breadth, the flesh which is thus constrained must extend itself in length. They who are shod thus miserably remain with just the same quantity of foot.

"Of all animals, man is the one to which, in proportion to its size, nature has given the largest feet; because as his whole body is to be supported upon them, and he has only two, she chose that he should walk in safety. He who wishes to abbreviate them acts as if he were inclined to fall, and to fall into vices which will do him more injury than if he fell upon stones. The feet are the part which in the fabric of the human body are placed nearest to the earth; they are meant therefore to be the humblest part of his frame, but gallants take away all humility by adorning and setting them forth in bravery. This so displeases the Creator, that having to make man an animal who should walk upon the earth, he made the earth of such properties, that the footsteps should sink into it. The foot which is lifted from the ground, leaves its own grave open, and seems as if it rose from the grave. What a tremendous thing is it then to set off with adornments that which the earth wishes to devour at every step!"

Proem, p.

''Vede quanto importa a liçaō de bons livros! Se o livro fora de cavallerias, sahiria Ignacio hum grande''


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Science and Citizenship XXVIII The favourite recourse of the ill-informed members of a community to escape the penalties of nescience, is to normalise their own defects and to postulate a universal ignorance. This protective device of the cunning animal is no where more frequent than in discussions of the problem of heredity. It is frequently asserted that we know nothing at all of heredity with precision and certainty. It is quite true the biologists and psychologists have a great deal still to learn about heredity. But it is equally true that they have a great deal to teach. And the citizen as well as the student can only escape the charge of hopeless obscurantism by promptly putting himself to this school. One of the first things he will learn is the deep significance and the practical importance of the distinction between organic inheritance and social inheritance. The former is concerned with the heritage that comes to us in organic descent from our family stock, i.e. the pre-natal influences which condition our life. The latter is concerned with the qualities and aptitudes that come to us through training and education, through tradition and experience—in a word, through the post-natal and therefore social influences that condition our life. Small or great as may be the ordered and verified knowledge accumulated by the students of organic inheritance, there can be no question of the mere massiveness and quantity of our knowledge of 62

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Science and Citizenship social inheritance and social variation—in a word, of social evolution. Where is all the knowledge to be found? Who are its guardians and continuators? Are they not called historians and economists, political philosophers and comparative jurists, anthropologists and folk-lorists, psychologists and æstheticists, students of ethics and of comparative religion? Are not all the foregoing of the nature of Regular orders engaged in studying the various aspects of our social heritage of industry and commerce, of law and morals, of religion and art, of language and literature, of science and philosophy? If they are not, who and where are the Regulars of Social Science? who and where the Seculars? Occupied on the practical side of our social life are the merchants and the manufacturers, the politicians and the lawyers, the journalists and orators, the artists and literary men, the teachers and professors, the moralists and priests. Which amongst all these are the Seculars of Social Science? which the persistent survivals of the pre-scientific ages?

XXIX To answer these questions we must ask what vision is seen by psychologist and sociologist in their cosmic or naturalist mood, and what in their humanist mood? What potencies do they see in social evolution, in city development? What groups (if any) of more militant type are inspired by these visions of social potency, to 63

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Science and Citizenship work towards the realisation of the corresponding ideals? In reply, little can be said at the close of an already prolonged paper. The sociologist in his naturalist mood sees the city as successive strata of wreckage and survivals of past phases in the endlessly-changing antics of a building and hibernating mammalian species. In his humanist mood he sees—somewhat dimly, it must be confessed—the city as the culminating and continuous effort of the race to determine the mastery of its fate, to achieve a spiritual theatre for the free play of the highest racial ideals. In short, the cities of the world are in this view but processes of realising the spiritual potency of the human race. They are the true homes of Humanity. And it is just here that science—whose mission it is to fulfil, and not to destroy—reveals to us the germ of truth in the popular sentiment, which insists that the essential characteristic of the city resides in the University and the Cathedral. The truth, to be sure, is that it is the presence of functional institutions of the highest spiritual type, whether or not we call them University and Cathedral, that differentiates the city from the town. It follows that the civic policy of our Secular sociologists—if we have any—must be concerned with the city as itself a cultural potency, and with the whole body of citizens as individuals responsive to the creative influences of the spiritual ideals, active or latent, in drama and poetry, in art and music, in history and science, in philosophy and religion. The most comprehensive, 64

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Rh ''cavalleyro; foy hum livro de vidas de Santos, sahio hum, grande Santo. Se lera cavallerias, sahiria Ignacio hum Cavelleyro da ardente espada; leo vidas de Santos sahio hum Santo da ardente tocha''.—Vieyra, Sermam de S. Ignacio, t. i. 368.

See, says Vieyra, the importance of reading good books. If it had been a book of knight errantry, Ignacio would have become a great knight errant; it was the Lives of the Saints, and Ignatius became a great saint. If he had read about knights, he might have proved a Knight of the Burning Sword: he read about saints, and proved a saint of the burning torch.

Nothing could seem more probable than that Cervantes had this part of Loyola's history in his mind when he described the rise of Don Quixote's madness, if Cervantes had not shown himself in one of his dramas to be thoroughly imbued with the pestilent superstition of his country. El dichoso Rufian is one of those monstrous compositions which nothing but the anti-christian fables of the Romish church could have produced.

Landor, however, supposes that Cervantes intended to satirize a favourite dogma of the Spaniards. The passage occurs in his thirteenth conversation.

"The most dexterous attack ever made against the worship among catholics, which opens so many


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158 sidechapels to pilfering and imposture, is that of Cervantes.

"Leopold. I do not remember in what part.

"President. Throughout Don Quixote. Dulcinea was the peerless, the immaculate, and death was denounced against all who hesitated to admit the assertion of her perfections. Surely your highness never could have imagined that Cervantes was such a knight errant as to attack knight errantry, a folly that had ceased more than a century, if indeed it was any folly at all; and the idea that he ridiculed the poems and romances founded on it, is not less improbable, for they contained all the literature of the nation, excepting the garniture of chapterhouses, theology, and pervaded, as with a thread of gold, the beautiful histories of this illustrious people. He delighted the idlers of romance by the jokes he scattered amongst them on the false taste of his predecessors and of his rivals; and he delighted his own heart by this solitary archery; well knowing what amusement those who came another day would find in picking up his arrows and discovering the bull's-eye hits.

"Charles V. was the knight of La Mancha, devoting his labours and vigils, his wars and treaties, to the chimerical idea of making all minds, like watches, turn their indexes, by a simultaneous movement to one point. Sancho Panza was the symbol of the people, possessing sound sense in all other matters,


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Science and Citizenship abstract, and general statement of culture policy from the sociological standpoint still probably remains that made more than half a century ago by Comte in the "Positive Polity" which was really the Utopia of his later thought, educated and matured by the preliminary preparation of the "Positive Philosophy." Fortunately, the four massive volumes of his "Positive Polity" were condensed and summarised by Comte himself, and the contentious elements for the most part omitted, in the single small and cheap volume translated by Dr. Bridges as a "General View of Positivism." Ranking with Comte's statement of culture policy in its comprehensiveness of outlook and far-sighted vision, but written from the standpoint of contemporary science, and therefore appropriately detailed and concrete in reference, here and now, in plan and section and perspective, to a particular city, is Professor Geddes' recent book, "City Development," already cited for its geographical vision, and now for its sociological ideals. These two books, from their different but correlated standpoints, express a doctrine whose isolated elements are everywhere recognisable. It is evident, therefore, that the life out of which the doctrine is fermenting is in active growth. If, then, they are not already here, we may be sure that the Sociological Friars are coming.

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Rh but ready to follow the most extravagant visionary in this, and combining implicit belief in it, with the grossest sensuality. For religion, when it is hot enough to produce enthusiasm, burns up and kills every seed entrusted to its bosom."—Imaginary Conversations, vol. i. 187.

Benedetto di Virgilio, the Italian ploughman, thus describes the course of Loyola's reading, in his heroic poem upon that Saint's life.

Mentre levote indebolite vene Stass' egli rinforzando à poco à poco Dentro i paterni tetti, e si trattiene Or sù la ricca zambra, or presso al foco, For' del costume suo, pensier gli viene Di legger libri più che d'altro gioco; Quant' era dianzi innamorato, e d'armi Tant' or, mutando stile, inchina à i carmi.

Quinci comanda, che i volumi ornati D'alti concetti, e di leggiadra rima, Dentro la stanza sua vengan portati, Che passar con lor versi il tempo stima: Cercan ben tosto i paggi in tutti i lati Ove posar solean tai libri prima. Ma nè per questa parte, nè per quella Ponno istoria trovar vecchia, o novella.


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160 I volumi vergati in dolci canti S'ascondon si, che nulla il cercar giova: Ma pur cercando i più secreti canti Per gran fortuna un tomo ecco si trova, Tomo divin, che le vite de'Santi Conserva, e de la etade prisca e nova, Onde per far la braina sua contenta Tal opra un fido servo à lui presenta.

Il volume, che spiega in ogni parte De guerrieri del del Voprefamose, Fa ch' Ignatio s'accenda à seguir Parte Che à soffrir tanto i sacri Eroi dispose, Egli già sprezza di Bellona e Marte Gli studi, che a seguir prima si pose, E s' accinge n troncar maggior d'Alcide, L'Hidra del vicio, e le sue teste infide.

Tutto giocondo à contemplar s'appiglia Si degni fogli, e da principio al fine; Qui ritrova di Dio l'ampia famiglia, Spirti beati ed alme peregrine: Tra gli ultri osserva con sua meraviglia Il pio Gusman, che colse da le spine Hose celesti de la terra santa, Onde del buon Gieso nacque la pianta.

Contempla dopo il Serafico Magno Fondator de le bigge immense squadre;


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Rh La divina virtu l' alto guadagno De Vopre lor mirahili e leggiadre: Rimira il Padoan di lui conipagnO) Che liherb da indegna morte il padre, E per provar di quella causa il tortoy Vivo fe da la tomba uscirc il morto.

Quinci ritrova il Celestin, che spande Trionfante bandiera alia campagna, De Vegregie virtu sue memorande Con Italia sHngemm a e Francia e Spagna: Ornati ijigli suoi d^opre ammirande Son per V Africa sparti, e per Lamagna, E in parti infide al del per lor si vede JVascer la Chiesa, e pullular la fede.

Quivi s'avisa, come il buon JVorcino Inclito Capitan del Re superno, Un giorno guereggiando sii 'I Casino GV Idoli fracasso, vinse V Inferno, E con aita del motor divino Guastb tempio sacrato al cieco Avernot Por di novo Veresse a Valla prole Divino essempio de Veterno Sole.

Legge come Brunone al divin Regge Accolse al Re del del cignifelici, E dando ordine lor, regola e legge GV imparb calpestare aspre pendici;


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162 E quelle de le donne anco vi legge, Che qui di ricche diventar niendici Per frovar poi sii le sedi superne Lor doti incorruttibiU ed eterne.

Chiara tra Valtre nota e Caterina, Che per esser di Dio fedele amante. Fit intrepida a i tonnenti: e la Regina Di Siena, e seco le cotnpagne tante : Orsola con la schiera peregrina, Monache sacre, verginelle sante, Che sprezzanda del niondo il vano rito, Elessero Giesu lor gran marito.

E tra i Romiti 7nira Ilarione, E di Vienna quel si franco e forte Che dehcllb lafurie, e ^ I gran Campione Ch' appo il JVatal di Christo hebbe la morte; Risguarda quel del prinio Confalone, Che del del guarda le superne porte; E gli undeci cotnpagni, e come luce II diva Agnello di lor capo e Duce.

Mentre in questo penetra e tneglio intende D' Eroi si gloriosi il nobil vanto, Aura immortal del del sovra lui scende, Aura immortal di spirto divo e santo: Gia gli sgombra gli errori e gi(i gli accende In guisa il cor, che distilla in pianto;


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, Alexander James Edmund


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, Alicia


text:
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Rh Lagrime versa, e le lagrime sparte Bagnan del libro le vergate carte.

Qual duro ghiaccio sovra i monti alpini Da la virtù del sole intenerito, Suol liquefarsi, e di bei cristallini Rivi l'herbe inaffiar del suol fiorito; Tal da la forza degli ardor divini Del Giovanetto molle il cor ferito, Hor si discioglie in tepidi liquori, E rigan del bel volto i vaghi fiori.

Com' altri nel cristallo, o nel diamante Specchiarsi suol, tal ei si specchia, e mira Nel specchio di sua mente, indi l'errante Vita discerne, onde con duol sospira: Quinci risolve intrepido e costante Depor gli orgogli giovanili e l'ira, Per imitar ne l'opra e ne gli effetti I celesti guerrier del libro letti.

Ignatio Loiola. Roma, 1647. Canto 2.

The Jesuits, however, assure us, that Loyola is not the author of their society, and that it is not allowable either to think or say so. Societas Jesu ut à S. Ignatio de Loiola non ducit nomen, ita neque originem primam, et aliud sentire aut loqui, nefas. (Imago primi Sæculi Soc. Jesu. p. 64.) Jesus primus ac


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164 auctor Societatis, is the title of a chapter in this their secular volume, which is a curious and very beautiful book. Then follows Beata Virgo nutrix, patrona, imò altera velut auctor Societatis. Lastly, Post Christum et Mariam Societatis Auctor et Parens sanctus Ignatius.

"On the 26th August 1794, the French plundered the rich church of Loyola, at Azpeitia, and proceeding to Elgoibas, loaded five carts with the spoils of the church of that place. This party of marauders consisted of 200. The peasants collected, fell upon them, and after an obstinate conflict of three hours, recovered the whole booty, which they conveyed to Vittoria in triumph. Among other things, a relic of Loyola was recovered, which was carried in procession to the church, the victorious peasants accompanying it."—Marcillac, Hist, de la Guerre de l'Espagne, p. 86.

It is odd that in Hindostan, where it might have been supposed superstition would have facilitated the introduction of this practice, a pious fraud was found necessary for removing the prejudice against it.

Mooperal Streenivaschary, a Brahmin, thus writes to Dr. Anderson at Madras, on vaccine inoculation.

"It might be useful to remove a prejudice in the minds of the people, arising from the term cow-pock, being taken literally in our Tamul tongue; whereas


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, Archibald


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, Catharine


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Rh there can be no doubt that it has been a drop of nectar from the exuberant udders of the cows in England, and no way similar to the humour discharged from the tongue and feet of diseased cattle in this country."—Forbes's Oriental Memoirs, vol. iii. p. 423.

Canto I. St..

Mackenzie gives a dreadful picture of the effect of small-pox among the North American Indians.

"The small-pox spread its destructive and desolating power, as the fire consumes the dry grass of the field. The fatal infection spread around with a baneful rapidity, which no flight could escape, and with a fatal effect that nothing could resist. It destroyed with its pestilential breath whole families and tribes; and the horrid scene presented to those who had the melancholy and afflicting opportunity of beholding it, a combination of the dead, the dying, and such as, to avoid the horrid fate of their friends around them, prepared to disappoint the plague of its prey, by terminating their own existence.

"The habits and lives of these devoted people, which provided not to-day for the wants of to-morrow, must have heightened the pains of such an affliction, by leaving them not only without remedy, but even without alleviation. Nought was left them but to submit in agony and despair.


text: A tale of Paraguay/Notes

title: A tale of Paraguay/Notes


text:
Page:Manual of the New Zealand Flora.djvu/202

162 versatile. Ovary inferior or half-superior, 3-celled; style filiform; stigma small; ovules numerous in each cell. Capsule coriaceous, altogether enclosed in the persistent calyx-tube or protruding beyond it, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved or irregularly dehiscent. Seeds numerous, densely packed, linear; testa membranous.

1. M. florida, ''Sm. in Trans. Linn. Soc.'' iii. (1797) 269.—Usually a tall woody climber, reaching the tops of lofty trees; stems long, cable-like, often 3–6 in. diam.; bark loose, separating in large flakes. Leaves 1½–3 in. long, shortly petioled, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous; midrib stout. Flowers orange-red, in few- or many-flowered terminal simple or branched cymes. Calyx obconic or turbinate, glabrous, produced beyond the ovary. Petals orbicular, yellowish-red. Stamens scarlet, very numerous, ¾–1 in. long. Ovary completely adnate with the base of the calyx-tube, 3-celled. Capsule deeply sunk within the persistent calyx, and with it forming a woody urceolate 5-ribbed fruit ½–¾ in. long, usually dehiscing by 3 valves within the calyx.—''A. Rich. Fl. Nouv. Zel. 333; A. Cunn. Precur. n. 559; Raoul, Choix, 49; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel.'' i. 66. t. 15; ''Handb. N.Z. Fl. 70; Kirk, Forest''


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, George (1772-1853)


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Rh Spanish Index Expurgatorius of 1790, the last, (I believe,) which was published, and which is now before me.

A case precisely of the same kind is mentioned by Mr. Mariner. "A young Chief at Tonga, a very handsome man, was inspired by the ghost of a woman in Bolotoo, who had fallen in love with him. On a sudden he felt himself low-spirited, and shortly afterwards fainted away. When he came to himself he was very ill, and was taken accordingly to the house of a priest. As yet he did not know who it was that inspired him, but the priest informed him that it was a woman of Bolotoo, mentioning her name, who had died some years before, and who wished him now to die, that he might be near her. He accordingly died in two days. The Chief said he suspected this from the dreams he had had at different times, when the figure of a woman came to him in the night. Mr. Mariner was with the sick Chief three or four times during his illness, and heard the priest foretell his death, and the occasion of it."—Mariner.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, Henry Thomas


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Ellsworth (county)

ELLSWORTH, a central county of Kansas, intersected by Smoky Hill river; area, 720 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 1,185. The Kansas Pacific railroad passes through it. The chief productions in 1870 were 2,175 bushels of wheat, 12,167 of Indian corn, 4,393 of potatoes, and 1,604 tons of hay. Capital, Ellsworth.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, James (fl.1783)


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50

Youth or Maiden, whosoe'er thou art, Safe in my guidance may thy spirit be! I wound not wantonly the tender heart: And if sometimes a tear of sympathy Should rise, it will from bitterness be free— Yea, with a healing virtue be endued, As thou in this true tale shalt hear from me Of evils overcome, and grief subdued, And virtues springing up like flowers in solitude.

The unhappy Monnema when thus bereft Sunk not beneath the desolating blow. Widow'd she was: but still her child was left; For him must she sustain the weight of woe, Which else would in that hour have laid her low. Nor wish'd she now the work of death complete: Then only doth the soul of woman know Its proper strength, when love and duty meet; Invincible the heart wherein they have their seat.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/56


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Ellsworth (city)

ELLSWORTH, a city and the capital of Hancock co., Maine, the port of entry of the district of Frenchman's Bay, 26 m. S. E. of Bangor, situated on both sides of Union river, a navigable stream, which empties into Frenchman's bay about 4 m. below this point, the opposite banks being connected by several bridges; pop. in 1870, 5,257. It is one of the most flourishing towns of the state, and is extensively engaged in the lumber trade. In 1872 there were registered, enrolled, and licensed 290 vessels, with an aggregate tonnage of 17,736; engaged in the cod and mackerel fishery, 50 vessels of 1,543 tons. The city contains 11 manufactories of lumber, 2 of planing machines, pails, sash, blinds, &c., 1 of pumps, blocks, &c., 4 of saddles and harness, 2 of carriages and sleighs, 1 of axes, 1 of furniture, 2 of sails, and an iron and brass foundery. There are 4 hotels, a weekly newspaper, a library of 1,000 volumes, 22 school houses with an average of about 800 pupils, and 6 churches.


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Rh

The seamen who upon some coral reef Are cast amid the interminable main, Still cling to life, and hoping for relief Drag on their days of wretchedness and pain. In turtle shells they hoard the scanty rain, And eat its flesh, sundried for lack of fire, Till the weak body can no more sustain Its wants, but sinks beneath its sufferings dire Most miserable man who sees the rest expire!

He lingers there while months and years go by: And holds his hope tho' months and years have past. And still at morning round the farthest sky, And still at eve his eagle glance is cast. If there he may behold the far-off mast Arise, for which he hath not ceased to pray. And if perchance a ship should come at last, And bear him from that dismal bank away, He blesses God that he hath lived to see that day.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/57


text:
The Night Wind

 * The Night-Wind, a poem by Emily Brontë
 * The Night Wind, a poem by Eugene Field
 * The Night-Wind, a short story by Algernon Blackwood

title: The Night Wind


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/58

52

So strong a hold hath life upon the soul, Which sees no dawning of eternal light, But subject to this mortal frame's controul, Forgetful of its origin and right, Content in bondage dwells and utter night. By worthier ties was this poor mother bound To life; even while her grief was at the height, Then in maternal love support she found And in maternal cares a healing for her wound.

For now her hour is come: a girl is born, Poor infant, all unconscious of its fate, How passing strange, how utterly forlorn! The genial season served to mitigate In all it might their sorrowful estate, Supplying to the mother at her door From neighbouring trees which bent beneath their weight, A full supply of fruitage now mature, So in that time of need their sustenance was sure.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/58


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Ellsworth, Oliver

'''ELLSWORTH. I. Oliver,''' an American statesman and jurist, born in Windsor, Conn., April 29, 1745, died Nov. 26, 1807. He graduated at the college of New Jersey in 1766, and soon after commenced the practice of law. In 1777 he was chosen a delegate to the continental congress, and he was a member of the council of Connecticut from 1780 to 1784, when he was appointed a judge of the superior court. In 1787 he was elected to the convention which framed the federal constitution, and was afterward a member of the state convention

which ratified that instrument. He was a senator of the United States from 1789 to 1796, when he was nominated by Washington chief justice of the supreme court of the United States, over which he presided with great distinction, his opinions being marked by sound legal and ethical principles, in clear and felicitous language. In 1799 he was appointed by President Adams envoy extraordinary to Paris, and with his associates, Davie and Murray, he successfully negotiated a treaty with the French. This accomplished, and his health beginning to fail, he visited England for the benefit of its mineral waters; but his infirmities increasing, he resigned his office of chief justice in 1800. Returning to Connecticut, he was again elected a member of the council; and in 1807 he was appointed chief justice of the state, which office he declined on account of his health. '''II. William Wolcott,''' son of the preceding, born in Windsor, Nov. 10, 1791, died in Hartford, Jan. 15, 1868. He graduated at Yale college in 1810, and was admitted to the bar in 1813. From 1829 to 1833 he was a representative in congress; from 1838 to 1842 governor of Connecticut; and from 1847 to 1861 judge of the supreme court of that state.


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Rh

Nor then alone, but alway did the Eye Of Mercy look upon that lonely bower. Days past, and weeks; and months and years went by, And never evil thing the while had power To enter there. The boy in sun and shower Rejoicing in his strength to youthhed grew: And Mooma, that beloved girl, a dower Of gentleness from bounteous nature drew, With all that should the heart of womankind imbue.

The tears which o'er her infancy were shed Profuse, resented not of grief alone: Maternal love their bitterness allay'd, And with a strength and virtue all its own Sustain'd the breaking heart. A look, a tone, A gesture of that innocent babe, in eyes With saddest recollections overflown, Would sometimes make a tender smile arise, Like sunshine breaking thro' a shower in vernal skies.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/59


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/60

54

No looks but those of tenderness were found To turn upon that helpless infant dear; And as her sense unfolded, never sound Of wrath or discord brake upon her ear. Her soul its native purity sincere Possess'd, by no example here defiled; From envious passions free, exempt from fear, Unknowing of all ill, amid the wild Beloving and beloved she grew, a happy child.

Yea, where that solitary bower was placed, Tho' all unlike to Paradise the scene, (A wide circumference of woodlands waste:) Something of what in Eden might have been Was shadowed there imperfectly, I ween, In this fair creature: safe from all offence, Expanding like a shelter'd plant serene, Evils that fret and stain being far from thence, Her heart in peace and joy retain'd its innocence.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/60


text:
Author:Donald Petrie

Contributions to Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute

 * Description of a new Species of Coprosma (1878)
 * The Science of the Weather (1878)
 * Notice of the Occurrence of Liparophyllum gunnii, Lob., in New Zealand (1879)
 * Notice of the Occurrence of a Species of Hemiphues in New Zealand (1879)
 * Description of a new Species of Ehrharta (1879)
 * A Visit to Stewart Island, with Notes on its Flora (1880)
 * Description of new Species of Carex (1880)
 * Description of new Plants (1881)
 * Descriptions of two new Species of Carex (1882)
 * Description of a Variety of Celmisia sessiliflora, Hook. f. (1882)
 * Notice of Olearia hectori, Hook. f. (1883)
 * New Species of Coprosma (1883)
 * Description of new Species of Native Plants (1884)
 * Description of three new Species of Uncinia (1884)
 * Description of a new Species of Carmichælia, with Notes on the Distribution of the Species native to Otago (1884)
 * Description of new Species of Native Plants (1885)
 * Description of a new Species of Acæna (1885)
 * Abstract of Address by the Retiring President of the Otago Institute (1885)
 * Descriptions of new Native Plants (1886)
 * Descriptions of new Native Plants (1886)
 * Description of a new Species of Uncinia, Persoon (1887)
 * Description of New Zealand Plants (1888)
 * Descriptions of New Native Plants (1889)
 * Descriptions of New Native Plants, with Notes on some Known Species (1890)
 * Description of a New Genus and of New Species of Native Plants, &c (1892)
 * Descriptions of New Native Plants, &c (1893)
 * Description of New Native Plants (1894)
 * Descriptions of Three New Native Plants (1895)
 * List of the Flowering Plants indigenous to Otago, with Indications of their Distribution and Range in Altitude (1895)
 * Supplement to List of Flowering-plants indigenous to Otago (1896)
 * Note on Gunnera ovata, Petrie (1896)
 * Descriptions of New Native Plants (1896)
 * A Modern Chapter in Vegetable Physiology (1896)
 * Description of a New Native Species of Coprosma (1897)
 * Botanical Notes (1898)
 * Descriptions of New Native Plants (1900)
 * Descriptions of New Native Plants, and Notes (1901)
 * On the Pollination of Rhabdothamnus solandri, A. Cunn (1902)
 * On the Pollination of the Puriri (Vitex lucens, T. Kirk) (1904)
 * Description of a New Native Grass (1905)
 * Description of a New Species of Veronica (Linn.) (1907)
 * Account of a Visit to Mount Hector, a High Peak of the Tararuas, with List of Flowering-plants (1907)

Works about Petrie

 * Pitt, Fiona D.H. - 'Donald Petrie' in Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
 * D. Petrie in Harvard Index of Botanical Authors
 * Cockayne, L. - 'Donald Petrie, 1846 - 1925' in: Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand, vol 56 (1926), p. viii

title: Author:Donald Petrie


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Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/61

Rh

At first the infant to Yeruti proved A cause of wonder and disturbing joy. A stronger tie than that of kindred moved His inmost being, as the happy boy Felt in his heart of hearts without alloy The sense of kind: a fellow creature she, In whom when now she ceased to be a toy For tender sport, his soul rejoiced to see Connatural powers expand, and growing sympathy.

For her he cull'd the fairest flowers, and sought Throughout the woods the earliest fruits for her. The cayman's eggs, the honeycomb he brought To this beloved sister,—whatsoe'er, To his poor thought, of delicate or rare The wilds might yield, solicitous to find. They who affirm all natural acts declare Self-love to be the ruler of the mind, Judge from their own mean hearts, and foully wrong mankind.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/61


text:
Page:Dictionary of spoken Russian (1945).djvu/438

 вещей. That's quite natural. • Где я могу привести себя в порядок? Where can I clean myself up? • Всё в порядке. Everything's O.K. • Мне пришлось это сделать в порядке дополнительной нагрузки. I had to do that aside from my regular work. • Всё это явления одного порядка. All this is in keeping with the rest of it.

порядочный considerable. Фруктовый сад даёт нашему колхозу порядочный доход. The orchard brings our kolkhoz considerable profit. • quite. Мы прошли уже порядочное расстояние. We've already covered quite a distance. • decent. Порядочные люди так не поступают. Decent people don't act that way. □ порядочно decently. Он поступил вполне порядочно. He acted quite decently. • quite a lot. Он вчера порядочно выпил. He drank quite a lot yesterday. □ Он дрянь порядочная. He's a pretty bad egg. • Он ей, невидимому, порядочно надоел. She's evidently fed up with him.

посадить (-сажу, -садит; pct of садить and сажать) to plant. В этом году мы посадили много картошки. This year we planted a lot of potatoes. • to seat. Меня посадили рядом с хозяйкой. I was seated next to the hostess. • to put. Доктор посадил меня на строгую диету. The doctor put me on a strict diet. • to lock up. Его посадили на два года. They locked him up for two years. □ посадить на цепь to chain. Эту собаку надо посадить на цепь. This dog has to be chained. □ Хозяйка только что посадила хлеб. The landlady just put the bread into the oven. • Носильщик посадил меня в вагон. The porter showed me into the train. • Он не знал фарватера и посадил нас на мель. He wasn't acquainted with the river and ran us up on the shoals. • Кто это посадил здесь кляксу? Who made the blot here? • *Уж я его посажу в калошу! I'll show him up!

посадка planting. Мы уже начали посадку овощей. We've begun planting the vegetables. • landing. Самолёту пришлось сделать посадку далеко от аэродрома. The plane was forced to make a landing some distance from the airfield. • seat. Он ездит верхом с детства, вот почему у него такая посадка. He's been horseback riding since childhood; that's why he has such a good seat. • Посадка ещё не началась, пойдём в буфет. Passengers aren't allowed on board yet; let's go for a bite.

посажу See посадить.

посветить (-свечу, -светит; pct) to light. На лестнице темно, я сейчас вам посвечу. It's dark on the stairs. I'll light the way for you right away.

посвечу See посветить.

по-своему See свой.

посвятить (pct of посвящать) to dedicate. Кому посвящено это стихотворение? Who is this poem dedicated to? • to let in on. Он посвятил нас в свой планы. He let us in on his plans.

посвящать (dur of посвятить) to devote. Он посвящает всё своё свободное время чтению. He devotes all his leisure time to reading.

посвящу See посвятить.

посев sowing. Время посева уже приближается. The time for sowing is already near. • crop. У нас посевы уже всходят. Our crops are coming up already.

посевной sowing. У нас регулярно печатаются данные о ходе посевной кампании. The results are published regularly during the sowing campaign.

поселить (pct of поселять).

-ся to settle. Сначала мы поселились на севере. At first we settled in the North. • to move in. Давно они здесь поселились? How long ago did they move in here?

поселять (dur of поселить).

-ся to settle.

посетитель (M) visitor. Посетители долускаются в больницу только по воскресеньям. Visitors are allowed in the hospital only on Sundays. • customer. Он постоянный посетитель нашего ресторана. He's a steady customer in our restaurant.

посетительница visitor, customer F.

посетить (-сещу, -сетит; pct of посещать) to visit.

посещать (dur of посетить) to visit. В больнице его можно посещать только по воскресеньям и четвергам. You can visit him at the hospital Sundays and Thursdays only. • to attend. Я акуратно посещаю лекции в вузе. I attend lectures at college regularly.

посещение visiting. Посещение (больных) разрешается только от часу до трёх. Patients may be visited only from one to three. • attendance. У нас посещение лекций обязательно. Regular attendance at the lectures is compulsory.

посещу See посетить.

посеять (-сею, -сеет; pct of сеять) to sow. Овёс уже посеян. The oats have already been sown. • to lose. *А где ты варежки посеял? Where did you lose your mittens?

посидеть (-сижу, -сидит; pct) to sit (for a while). Мы посидели ещё часок на крылечке и пошли спать. We sat another hour or so on the stoop and then went to sleep. □ Куда вы торопитесь? Посидите ещё немного. What's your hurry? Stay a while longer.

посижу See посидеть.

поскальзываться (dur of поскользнуться).

поскользнуться (pct of поскальзываться) to slip. Он поскользнулся и растянулся во весь рост. He slipped and fell flat.

поскольку (/cf сколько/) as far as. Поскольку это от меня зависит, я сделаю всё что могу. As far as I'm concerned I'll do everything I can. — Поскольку я знаю, его там не было. As far as I know, he wasn't there.

послать (-шлю, -шлёт; pct of посылать) to send. Пошлите, пожалуйста, пакет ко мне в гостиницу. Send the package to my hotel, please. — Пошлите это письмо заказным. Send this letter registered mail. — Его послали в командировку. He was sent away on an assignment.

после after. Приходите сразу после работы. Come right after work. • later. Мы об этом поговорим после. We'll talk about this later. □ после обеда afternoon. Вы можете принять меня завтра после обеда? Can you see me tomorrow afternoon? □ Он оставил после себя жену и трёх детей. He left a wife and three children. • После него осталось много незаконченных рукописей. He left many unfinished manuscripts.

последний last. Проведите ваш последний вечер с нами. Spend the last evening with us. — Он едет в последнем вагоне. He's riding in the last (railroad) car. — Почему вы не ответили на моё последнее письмо? Why didn't you answer my last letter? — Он готов поделиться последней копейкой. He's ready to share his last penny. • latest. Вы читали последние известия? Have you read the latest news?


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56

Three souls in whom no selfishness had place Were here: three happy souls, which undefiled. Albeit in darkness, still retain'd a trace Of their celestial origin. The wild Was as a sanctuary where Nature smiled Upon these simple children of her own, And cherishing whate'er was meek and mild, Call'd forth the gentle virtues, such alone, The evils which evoke the stronger being unknown.

What tho' at birth we bring with us the seed Of sin, a mortal taint,—in heart and will Too surely felt, too plainly shewn in deed,— Our fatal heritage; yet are we still The children of the All Merciful: and ill They teach, who tell us that from hence must flow God's wrath, and then his justice to fulfil, Death everlasting, never-ending woe: O miserable lot of man if it were so!

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/62


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, James Pattison


text:
Talk:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514

Untitled
I have a question concerning UN General Assembly Resolution 1514.. All powers to be transfer to the peoples of those territories without any conditions or reservations in according with their freely expressed will and desire..

In according with their freely expressed will and desire: What exactly do the UN resolution 1514 means with this..
 * Meaning All peoples should have an opportunity to decide their own future through something like a referendum or vote on (e.g.) independence or autonomy within another state. Koavf (talk) 23:25, 7 May 2012 (UTC)


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Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/362

iv. 24- is properly enough puraḥçakvarī, but there is no reason why it should be called in addition çakvarīgarbhā.

2. He who, having formidable arms, is repeller (? yayú) of the formidable ones (f.); who battered the strength of the Dānavas; by whom are conquered the rivers, by whom the kine—let him free us from distress.

3. He who is filler of people (carṣaṇí-), bull, heaven-finder (svarvíd); for whom the pressing-stones proclaim [his] manliness; whose is the sacrifice with seven priests, most intoxicating—let him free us from distress.

4. Whose are cows (vaçā́), bulls, oxen; for whom, the heaven-finder, sacrificial posts (sváru) are set up; for whom the bright (çukrá) [soma] purifies itself, adorned with sacred words (bráhma-)—let him free us from distress.

5. He whose enjoyment (júṣṭi) the offerers of soma desire; whom, possessed of arrows, men call on in the cattle-raid (gáviṣṭi); on whom depends song (? arká), on whom force—let him free us from distress.

6. He who was born first for the doing of deeds; of whom first the heroism was noted; by whom brandished (ud-yam) the thunderbolt went at (abhi-i) the dragon—let him free us from distress.

7. He who, controlling, leads together hosts (saṁgrāmá) for fighting; who mingles (sam-sṛj) the possessions (puṣṭá) of the two parties—I

title: Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/362


title: User:Sridhar1000


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, John


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, Patrick


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, William (d.1529)


text:
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Rh

Falsely and impiously teach they who thus Our heavenly Father's holy will misread! In bounty hath the Lord created us, In love redeem'd. From this authentic creed Let no bewildering sophistry impede The heart's entire assent, for God is good. Hold firm this faith, and, in whatever need, Doubt not but thou wilt find thy soul endued With all-sufficing strength of heavenly fortitude!

By nature peccable and frail are we, Easily beguiled; to vice, to error prone; But apt for virtue too. Humanity Is not a field where tares and thorns alone Are left to spring; good seed hath there been sown With no unsparing hand. Sometimes the shoot Is choked with weeds, or withers on a stone; But in a kindly soil it strikes its root. And flourisheth, and bringeth forth abundant fruit.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/63


text:
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58

Love, duty, generous feeling, tenderness, Spring in the uncontaminated mind; And these were Mooma's natural dower. Nor less Had liberal Nature to the boy assign'd. Happier herein than if among mankind Their lot had fallen,—oh, certes happier here! That all things tended still more close to bind Their earliest ties, and they from year to year Retain'd a childish heart, fond, simple, and sincere.

They had no sad reflection to alloy The calm contentment of the passing day, No foresight to disturb the present joy. Not so with Monnema; albeit the sway Of time had reach'd her heart, and worn away, At length, the grief so deeply seated there, The future often, like a burthen, lay Upon that heart, a cause of secret care And melancholy thought: yet did she not despair.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/64


text:
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Rh

Chance from the fellowship of human kind Had cut them off, and chance might reunite. On this poor possibility her mind Reposed; she did not for herself invite The unlikely thought, and cherish with delight The dream of what such change might haply bring; Gladness with hope long since had taken flight From her; she felt that life was on the wing, And happiness like youth has here no second spring.

So were her feelings to her lot composed That to herself all change had now been pain. For Time upon her own desires had closed; But in her children as she lived again, For their dear sake she learnt to entertain A wish for human intercourse renew'd; And oftentimes, while they devour'd the strain, Would she beguile their evening solitude With stories strangely told and strangely understood.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/65


text:
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60

Little she knew, for little had she seen, And little of traditionary lore Had reach'd her ear; and yet to them I ween Their mother's knowledge seem'd a boundless store. A world it opened to their thoughts; yea more,— Another world beyond this mortal state. Bereft of her they had indeed been poor, Being left to animal sense, degenerate, Mere creatures, they had sunk below the beasts' estate.

The human race, from her they understood, Was not within that lonely hut confined, But distant far beyond their world of wood Were tribes and powerful nations of their kind; And of the old observances which bind People and chiefs, the ties of man and wife, The laws of kin religiously assign'd, Rites, customs, scenes of riotry and strife, And all the strange vicissitudes of savage life.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/66


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, William (1669-1739)


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/67

Rh

Wondering they listen to the wonderous tale, But no repining thought such tales excite: Only a wish, if wishes might avail, Was haply felt, with juvenile delight, To mingle in the social dance at night, Where the broad moonshine, level as a flood, O'erspread the plain, and in the silver light, Well-pleased, the placid elders sate and view'd The sport, and seem'd therein to feel their youth renew'd.

But when the darker scenes their mother drew, What crimes were wrought when drunken fury raged, What miseries from their fatal discord grew When horde with horde in deadly strife engaged: The rancorous hate with which their wars they waged, The more unnatural horrors which ensued, When, with inveterate vengeance unassuaged, The victors round their slaughtered captives stood, And babes were bro't to dip their little hands in blood:

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/67


text:
Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/363

193 praise Indra, [as a] suppliant I call loudly on [him]: let him free us from distress.

1. Of Vāyu, of Savitar we reverence the counsels (vidátha): ye who enter and who defend what has life (ātmanvánt); ye who have become encompassers of the all—do ye free us from distress.

2. Of whom are numbered the widths of the earth; by whom the welkin (rájas) is made fast (yup) in the atmosphere; whose progress no one soever has reached (anu-aç)—do ye free us from distress.

3. In [conformity with] thy course (vratá) people (jána) go to rest; when thou art risen, they go forth, O thou of beauteous luster; ye, O Vāyu and Savitar, defend beings—do ye free us from distress.

4. Away from here, O Vāyu and Savitar, drive (sidh) ye what is ill-done, away the demons and Çimidā; for ye unite (sam-sṛj) [men] with refreshment (ūrjā́), with strength—do ye free us from distress.

Nearly all the mss. read in c sṛjátha (instead of -thas). The comm., with two

title: Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/363


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Ellwangen

ELLWANGEN, a town of Würtemberg, situated on the Jaxt, 55 m. N. E. of Stuttgart; pop. in 1867, 3,895, of whom about 700 are Protestants. It is the seat of the government of the circle of Jaxt, and has several schools and charitable institutions. The manufactures were formerly insignificant, but are growing in importance. Until 1802 it was the capital of the sovereign Benedictine provost of Ellwangen, who had a territory of about 140 sq. m. and an income of 120,000 florins. Near the town are the castle of Hohen-Ellwangen and a famous pilgrims' church.


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/68

62

Horrent they heard; and with her hands the Maid Prest her eyes close as if she strove to blot The hateful image which her mind pourtray'd. The Boy sate silently, intent in thought; Then with a deep-drawn sigh, as if he sought To heave the oppressive feeling from his breast, Complacently compared their harmless lot With such wild life, outrageous and unblest, Securely thus to live, he said, was surely best.

On tales of blood they could not bear to dwell, From such their hearts abhorrent shrunk in fear. Better they liked that Monnema should tell Of things unseen; what power had placed them here, And whence the living spirit came, and where It past, when parted from this mortal mold; Of such mysterious themes with willing ear They heard, devoutly listening while she told Strangely-disfigured truths, and fables feign'd of old.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/68


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockburn, William (1768-1835)


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/69

Rh

By the Great Spirit man was made, she said, His voice it was which peal'd along the sky, And shook the heavens and fill'd the earth with dread. Alone and inaccessible, on high He had his dwelling-place eternally, And Father was his name. This all knew well; But none had seen his face: and if his eye Regarded what upon the earth befell, Or if he cared for man, she knew not:—who could tell?

But this, she said, was sure, that after death There was reward and there was punishment: And that the evil doers, when the breath Of their injurious lives at length was spent, Into all noxious forms abhorr'd were sent, Of beasts and reptiles; so retaining still Their old propensities, on evil bent. They work'd where'er they might their wicked will, The natural foes of men, whom we pursue and kill.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/69


text:
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64

Of better spirits, some there were who said That in the grave they had their place of rest. Lightly they laid the earth upon the dead, Lest in its narrow tenement the guest Should suffer underneath such load opprest. But that death surely set the spirit free, Sad proof to them poor Monnema addrest, Drawn from their father's fate; no grave had he Wherein his soul might dwell. This therefore could not be.

Likelier they taught who said that to the Land Of Souls the happy spirit took its flight, A region underneath the sole command Of the Good Power; by him for the upright Appointed and replenish'd with delight; A land where nothing evil ever came, Sorrow, nor pain, nor peril, nor affright, Nor change, nor death; but there the human frame, Untouch'd by age or ill, continued still the same.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/70


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cocker, Edward


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/71

Rh

Winds would not pierce it there, nor heat nor cold Grieve, nor thirst parch and hunger pine; but there The sun by day its even influence hold With genial warmth, and thro' the unclouded air The moon upon her nightly journey fare: The lakes and fish-full streams are never dry; Trees ever green perpetual fruitage bear; And, wheresoe'er the hunter turns his eye, Water and earth and heaven to him their stores supply.

And once there was a way to that good land, For in mid-earth a wondrous Tree there grew, By which the adventurer might with foot and hand From branch to branch his upward course pursue; An easy path, if what were said be true, Albeit the ascent was long: and when the height Was gain'd, that blissful region was in view, Wherein the traveller safely might alight, And roam abroad at will, and take his free delight.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/71


text:
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66

O happy time, when ingress thus was given To the upper world, and at their pleasure they Whose hearts were strong might pass from earth to heaven By their own act and choice! In evil day Mishap had fatally cut off that way, And none may now the Land of Spirits gain, Till from its dear-loved tenement of clay, Violence or age, infirmity and pain Divorce the soul which there full gladly would remain.

Such grievous loss had by their own misdeed Upon the unworthy race of men been brought. An aged woman there who could not speed In fishing, earnestly one day besought Her countrymen, that they of what they caught A portion would upon her wants bestow. They set her hunger and her age at nought, And still to her entreaties answered no, And mock'd her, till they made her heart with rage o'erflow.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/72


text:
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Rh

But that old woman by such wanton wrong Inflamed, went hurrying down; and in the pride Of magic power wherein the crone was strong, Her human form infirm she laid aside. Better the Capiguara's limbs supplied A strength accordant to her fierce intent: These she assumed, and, burrowing deep and wide Beneath the Tree, with vicious will, she went, To inflict upon mankind a lasting punishment.

Downward she wrought her way, and all around Labouring, the solid earth she undermined And loosen'd all the roots; then from the ground Emerging, in her hatred of her kind, Resumed her proper form, and breathed a wind Which gather'd like a tempest round its head: Eftsoon the lofty Tree its top inclined Uptorn with horrible convulsion dread, And over half the world its mighty wreck lay spread.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/73


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockeram, Henry


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/74

68

But never scion sprouted from that Tree, Nor seed sprang up; and thus the easy way, Which had till then for young and old been free, Was closed upon the sons of men for aye. The mighty ruin moulder'd where it lay Till not a trace was left; and now in sooth Almost had all remembrance past away. This from the elders she had heard in youth; Some said it was a tale, and some a very truth.

Nathless departed spirits at their will Could from the land of souls pass to and fro; They come to us in sleep when all is still, Sometimes to warn against the impending blow, Alas! more oft to visit us in woe: Tho' in their presence there was poor relief! And this had sad experience made her know, For when Quiara came, his stay was brief, And waking then, she felt a freshen'd sense of grief.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/74


text:
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Rh

Yet to behold his face again, and hear His voice, tho' painful was a deep delight: It was a joy to think that he was near, To see him in the visions of the night,— To know that the departed still requite The love which to their memory still will cling: And tho' he might not bless her waking sight With his dear presence, 'twas a blessed thing That sleep would thus sometimes his actual image bring.

Why comes he not to me? Yeruti cries: And Mooma echoing with a sigh the thought, Ask'd why it was that to her longing eyes No dream the image of her father brought? Nor Monnema to solve that question sought In vain, content in ignorance to dwell; Perhaps it was because they knew him not; Perhaps—but sooth she could not answer well; What the departed did, themselves alone could tell.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/75


text:
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70

What one tribe held another disbelieved, For all concerning this was dark, she said; Uncertain all, and hard to be received. The dreadful race, from whom their fathers fled, Boasted that even the Country of the Dead Was theirs, and where their Spirits chose to go, The ghosts of other men retired in dread Before the face of that victorious foe; No better, then, the world above, than this below!

What then, alas! if this were true, was death? Only a mournful change from ill to ill! And some there were who said the living breath Would ne'er be taken from us by the will Of the Good Father, but continue still To feed with life the mortal frame he gave, Did not mischance or wicked witchcraft kill;— Evils from which no care avail'd to save, And whereby all were sent to fill the greedy grave.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/76


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockerell, Charles Robert


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Ellwood, Thomas

ELLWOOD, Thomas, an English Quaker minister, a friend of Milton, born in Crowell, Oxfordshire, in 1639, died March 1, 1713. At an early age he attached himself to the society of Friends, thereby giving great offence to his father; but neither blows nor persuasions could induce him to renounce his new sentiments, to take off his hat before his parents, or to address them with other pronouns than "thou" and "thee." He was the author of numerous controversial works, the most considerable of which is his "Sacred History of the Old and New Testaments" (1705-'9). He wrote a poem entitled "Davideis" (1712), of which King David was the hero, and also left "Memoirs of his own Life" (1714). But he is chiefly known from the circumstance that he was one of those selected by the poet Milton to read to him after the loss of his sight. During the raging of the plague in London in 1665 he obtained a retreat for Milton at Chalfont, and there he is said first to have suggested the idea of the "Paradise Regained."


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/77

Rh

In vain to counterwork the baleful charm By spells of rival witchcraft was it sought, Less potent was that art to help than harm. No means of safety old experience brought: Nor better fortune did they find who thought From Death, as from some living foe, to fly: For speed or subterfuge avail'd them nought, But wheresoe'er they fled they found him nigh: None ever could elude that unseen enemy.

Bootless the boast, and vain the proud intent Of those who hoped, with arrogant display Of arms and force, to scare him from their tent, As if their threatful shouts and fierce array Of war could drive the Invisible away! Sometimes regardless of the sufferer's groan, They dragg'd the dying out and as a prey Exposed him, that content with him alone Death might depart, and thus his fate avert their own.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/77


text:
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72

Depart he might,—but only to return In quest of other victims, soon or late; When they who held this fond belief, would learn, Each by his own inevitable fate, That in the course of man's uncertain state Death is the one and only certain thing. Oh folly then to fly or deprecate That which at last Time, ever on the wing, Certain as day and night, to weary age must bring!

While thus the Matron spake, the youthful twain Listen'd in deep attention, wistfully; Whether with more of wonder or of pain Uneath it were to tell. With steady eye Intent they heard; and when she paused, a sigh Their sorrowful foreboding seem'd to speak: Questions to which she could not give reply Yeruti ask'd; and for that Maiden meek,— Involuntary tears ran down her quiet cheek.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/78


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockerell, Frederick Pepys


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/79

Rh

A different sentiment within them stirr'd, When Monnema recall'd to mind one day, Imperfectly, what she had sometimes heard In childhood, long ago, the Elders say: Almost from memory had it past away,— How there appear'd amid the woodlands men Whom the Great Spirit sent there to convey His gracious will; but little heed she then Had given, and like a dream it now recurr'd again.

But these young questioners from time to time Call'd up the long-forgotten theme anew. Strange men they were, from some remotest clime She said, of different speech, uncouth to view, Having hair upon their face, and white in hue: Across the world of waters wide they came Devotedly the Father's work to do, And seek the Red Men out, and in his name His merciful laws, and love, and promises proclaim.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/79


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockerell, Samuel Pepys


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/80

74

They served a Maid more beautiful than tongue Could tell, or heart conceive. Of human race, All heavenly as that Virgin was, she sprung; But for her beauty and celestial grace, Being one in whose pure elements no trace Had e'er inhered of sin or mortal stain, The highest Heaven was now her dwelling place; There as a Queen divine she held her reign, And there in endless joy for ever would remain.

Her feet upon the crescent Moon were set, And, moving in their order round her head, The stars compose her sparkling coronet. There at her breast the Virgin Mother fed A Babe divine, who was to judge the dead, Such power the Spirit gave this awful Child; Severe he was, and in his anger dread, Yet always at his Mother's will grew mild, So well did he obey that Maiden undefiled.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/80


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/81

Rh

Sometimes she had descended from above To visit her true votaries, and requite Such as had served her well. And for her love, These bearded men, forsaking all delight, With labour long and dangers infinite, Across the great blue waters came, and sought The Red Men here, to win them, if they might, From bloody ways, rejoiced to profit aught Even when with their own lives the benefit was bought.

For trusting in this heavenly Maiden's grace, It was for them a joyful thing to die, As men who went to have their happy place With her, and with that Holy Child, on high, In fields of bliss above the starry sky, In glory, at the Virgin Mother's feet: And all who kept their lessons faithfully An everlasting guerdon there would meet, When Death had led their souls to that celestial seat.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/81


text:
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76

On earth they offered, too, an easy life To those who their mild lessons would obey, Exempt from want, from danger, and from strife; And from the forest leading them away, They placed them underneath this Virgin's sway, A numerous fellowship, in peace to dwell; Their high and happy office there to pay Devotions due, which she requited well, Their heavenly Guardian she in whatsoe'er befell.

Thus, Monnema remember'd, it was told By one who in his hot and headstrong youth Had left her happy service; but when old Lamented oft with unavailing ruth, And thoughts which sharper than a serpent's tooth Pierced him, that he had changed that peaceful place For the fierce freedom and the ways uncouth Of their wild life, and lost that Lady's grace, Wherefore he had no hope to see in Heaven her face.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/82


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockerill, William


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/83

Rh

And she remember'd too when first they fled For safety to the farthest solitude Before their cruel foes, and lived in dread That thither too their steps might be pursued By those old enemies athirst for blood; How some among them hoped to see the day When these beloved messengers of good To that lone hiding place might find the way, And them to their abode of blessedness convey.

Such tales excited in Yeruti's heart A stirring hope that haply he might meet Some minister of Heaven; and many a part Untrod before of that wild wood retreat, Did he with indefatigable feet Explore; yet ever from the fruitless quest Return'd at evening to his native seat By daily disappointment undeprest,— So buoyant was the hope that fill'd his youthful breast.

title: Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/83


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockin, William


text: A tale of Paraguay/Canto 2

title: A tale of Paraguay/Canto 2


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/172

166 "To aggravate the picture, if aggravation were possible, may be added the putrid carcases which the wolves, with a furious voracity, dragged forth from the huts, or which were mangled within them by the dogs, whose hunger was satisfied with the disfigured remains of their masters. Nor was it uncommon for the father of a family, whom the infection had not reached, to call them around him, to represent the cruel sufferings and horrid fate of their relations, from the influence of some evil spirit, who was preparing to extirpate their race; and to incite them to baffle death, with all its horrors, by their own poniards. At the same time, if their hearts failed them in this necessary act, he was himself ready to perform the deed of mercy with his own hand, as the last act of his affection, and instantly to follow them to the common place of rest and refuge from human evil."

Canto I. st.. I may be forgiven for not having strictly adhered to natural history in this instance. The liberty which I have taken is mentioned, that it may not be supposed to have arisen from ignorance of this animal's habits.

The jaguar will not attack a living horse if a dead one be near, and when it kills its prey it drags it to its den, but is said not to eat the body till it becomes


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockings, George


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/173

Rh putrid. They are caught in large traps of the cage kind, baited with stinking meat, and then speared or shot through the bars. The Chalcaquines had a braver way of killing them: they provoked the animal, fronted it, received its attack upon a thick truncheon, which they held by the two ends, threw it down while its teeth were fixed in the wood, and ripped the creature up before it could recover. (Techo, p. 59.) A great profit is made by their skins. The jaguar which has once tasted human flesh becomes a most formidable animal; such a beast is called a tigre cevado, a fleshed tiger. There was one who infested the road between Santa Fé and Santiago, and killed ten men; after which a party of soldiers were sent to destroy it. The same thing is said of the lion and other beasts of prey, probably with truth; not as is vulgarly supposed, because they have a particular appetite for this kind of food, but because having once fed upon man, they from that time regard him like any animal of inferior strength, as their natural prey. "It is a constant observation in Numidia," says Bruce, "that the lion avoids and flies from the face of men, till by some accident they have been brought to engage, and the beast has prevailed against him; then that feeling of superiority, imprinted by the Creator in the heart of all animals, for man's preservation, seems to forsake him. The lion having once tasted human blood, relinquishes


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cocks, Arthur Herbert


text:
Page:Tale of Paraguay - Southey.djvu/214

208 years after this marriage Mary the most holy was born; and the three years and a half of her Highness's age make sixty-nine and a half, a few days more or less.

"The holy Patriarch and father of our Queen being dead, the holy Angels of her guard returned incontinently to her presence, and gave her notice of all that had occurred in her father's transit. Forthwith the most prudent child solicited with prayers for the consolation of her mother St. Anna, intreating that the Lord would, as a father, direct and govern her in the solitude wherein, by the loss of her husband Joachin, she was left. St. Anna herself sent also news of his death, which was first communicated to the Mistress of our divine Princess, that in imparting it she might console her. The Mistress did this, and the most wise child heard her, with all composure and dissimulation, but with the patience and the modesty of a Queen; but she was not ignorant of the event which her Mistress related to her as news."—Mistica Ciudad de Dios, par. 1. 1. 2. c. 16. § 664—669. Madrid, 1744.

It was in the middle of the seventeenth century that the work from which this extract is translated was palmed upon the Spaniards as a new revelation. Gross and blasphemous as the imposture is, the work was still current when I procured my copy, about twenty years ago; and it is not included in the


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cocks, Roger


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockson, Thomas


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cockton, Henry


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Coddington, Henry


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Coddington, William


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Codrington, Christopher


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Codrington, Edward


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Codrington, Henry John


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Elm

ELM, a tree of the natural order ulmaceæ, which embraces some of the noblest and most important species in the United States. All

the plants belonging to this family have simple, rough, serrate, unequal-sided leaves; flowers small, in bunches on the side of the twigs; the fruit either a winged samara or a drupe. Three genera of ulmaceæ are found within the limits of the United States. The most conspicuous of these is ulmus, of which we especially notice the white or American elm (U. Americana, Linn.). No tree can surpass this in the beauty of its proportions. In old trees especially, from the wide-spreading, buttress-like roots to the wider spreading branches, the curvature is beautiful and graceful in the extreme. Situation seems, however, to give variety to the outline. In wet pastures or similar moist places, it sends up a tall, slender trunk, crowned with a few pendent limbs, and clothed nearly from the ground with a feathery investment of small branches, which are scarcely more than leafy bunches of twigs, and presents a most graceful and striking appearance.

The rapidity of its growth adapts it to artificial planting where shade is soon needed. Hardy to an unusual degree, it is a great favorite with the tree planter, and is found from Hudson bay to Georgia. The wood of the white elm is used for making hubs of wheels, and is preferred for that purpose to any other native wood. Yokes are made of it, and near the coast ship blocks are constructed of its timber. The white elm grows readily from seed, which should be sown as soon as ripe, and may be gathered in almost any desirable quantity from the ground under the trees, falling as early as June. The seeds should be very slightly covered, and the young plants will rise in a few weeks, when they should be watched and weeded, and in succeeding seasons should be thinned out and transplanted to insure well formed trees. In transplanting large and vigorous young specimens found where they have appeared spontaneously, it is necessary to secure as many of the fibrous

roots as possible, and have them spread out in large and ample holes, well prepared with good soil; care must be taken not to have them too deeply covered.

The slippery or red elm (U. fulva, Mx.) is a much smaller tree, with larger and more beautiful foliage, and soft, downy, rusty-haired buds, whence the name sometimes applied of red elm. Its flowers are in lateral clusters; the samara is larger and with a broader border. The inner bark contains a great quantity of mucilage, of much value in medicine. Michaux considers its wood as superior to that of the white elm. The tree can be readily grafted upon the white elm, and if only for ornament it is well worthy of cultivation.

The corky white elm ( U. racemosa, Thomas) has its branches often beset with corky ridges; its leaves are similar to those of the white elm; its flowers are in racemes; its wood is tougher and finer grained.

The wahoo or winged elm (U. alata, Mx.) is a small tree, seldom exceeding 30 feet in height, has a fine-grained, valuable wood, and is to be found in Virginia and southward.

The English elm (U. campestris, Linn.) was early introduced into this country, and is a stately tree, contrasting finely with the American. Its branches, unlike that, tend upward, or else spread more horizontally, and its foliage is of a darker green and more pleasing to the eye.

The wych elm (U. montana, Bauhin) has been partially introduced; it is much cultivated in Scotland, and goes by the name of the Scotch elm. It resembles the slippery elm. — The nettle tree (celtis occidentalis, Linn.) has a trunk from 20 to 60 ft. high. Its leaves are obliquely lanceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate; its fruit is a sort of plum or drupe of a yellowish green color. It has several varieties, considered by some botanists as distinct species, but probably nothing more

than forms of the above. They grow on the poorest and most arid soils, but flourish best in a rich and moist ground. Michaux says that the wood of the hackberry (C. crassifolia, Mx.) is fine-grained and compact, but not heavy. The planer tree (planera aquatica, Gmelin) has small leaves like those of elms; the flowers are borne in small axillary clusters; the fruit is nut-like. According to Michaux, it grows on wet banks in Kentucky and southward. He considers its wood as hard, strong, and proper for various purposes. It has not, however, been put to any use in this country, and is so little esteemed as to have received no popular name. It is worthy of attempts at cultivation northward, and can be readily propagated by grafting it upon the elm.

title: The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Elm


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The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Tancred

TANCRED, an Italian crusader, born in 1078, died in Antioch in 1112. He was a son of the marquis Odo or Ottobonus and of Emma, a daughter of Tancred de Hauteville and sister of Robert Guiscard, duke of Apulia. He took the cross under his cousin Bohemond, son of Robert Guiscard, made over his heritage to his younger brother, and embarked in 1096 from Taranto. In the plains of Chalcedon his troops joined those of Godfrey of Bouillon, with whom he formed an intimate friendship. At the siege of Nicæa in 1097 he distinguished himself, at the battle of Dorylæum saved the army of the cross from destruction, and after the taking of Nicæa led the advanced guard through Asia Minor. He took possession of Tarsus and Malmistra, to both of which Baldwin laid claim, giving rise to a bitter quarrel; but they were afterward reconciled. He achieved great distinction during the siege of Antioch; and at the storming of Jerusalem he was one of the first to mount the walls. In the carnage and rapine which followed, he almost alone of the Christian knights manifested compassion, and at the risk of his own life saved thousands of the captured. When the sultan of Egypt marched toward Jerusalem, Tancred defeated his advanced guard, and shared in the subsequent victory at Ascalon, Aug. 12, 1099. He afterward took Tiberias, beleaguered Jaffa, and was made prince of Tiberias or Galilee. Bohemond, now prince of Antioch, being taken prisoner by the Saracens, Tancred marched to his relief, and administered his government during his detention; and when Bohemond after his release went to Europe to arm the West against the Byzantine empire, he left the defence of Antioch to Tancred. During his absence his principality was attacked on all sides, but was heroically defended by Tancred, who reduced Artesia, besieged Tripoli in 1109, and subsequently withstood in Antioch a severe siege from the Saracens. Bohemond died at Salerno, and the host he had collected was scattered. Tancred now resumed the offensive, defeated the Saracens, and forced the sultan to evacuate Syria. His exploits have been celebrated, partly in prose, partly in verse, by Raoul de Caen, in Les gestes de Tancréde; and he is one of the principal characters of Tasso's “Jerusalem Delivered.”

title: The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Tancred


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Taney

TANEY, a S. W. county of Missouri, bordering on Arkansas, and drained by White river and its affluents; area, about 700 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 4,407, of whom 10 were colored. The surface is hilly, and the soil fertile. The chief productions in 1870 were 6,375 bushels of wheat, 135,577 of Indian corn, 11,075 of oats, and 48,250 Ibs. of butter. There were 1,163

horses, 1,025 milch cows, 1,594 other cattle, 3,189 sheep, and 9,500 swine. Capital, Forsyth.

title: The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Taney


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Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands for an Interchange of Territory on the Gold Coast of Africa

His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, and Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, being of opinion that an interchange of territory on the West Coast of Africa would conduce to their mutual advantage, and would promote the interests of the inhabitants, have resolved to conclude a convention for that purpose, and have therefore named as Their Plenipotentiaries, that is tho say: His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, monsieur ADOLPH baron BENTINCK, Commander of the order of the Netherland Lion, Knight-Grand-Cross of the order of the Oaken Crown, Chamberlain to His Majesty, His Minister of State, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of St. James; and Monsieur CORNELIS JOHANNES MARIUS NAGTGLAS, Knight of the order of the Netherland Lion, ex-Governor at Saint George d'Elmina;

and Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable HENRY HOWARD MOLINEUX, Earl of Carnarvon, Lord Porchester, a Peer of the United Kingdom, a membre of Her Britannic Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, Her Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies; and the Right Honourable EDWARD HENRY STANLEY (commonly called Lord STANLEY), a member of Her Britannic Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, a member of Parliament, Her Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,

who after having communicated to each, other their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles:

Art. 1.
His Majesty the King of the Netherlands cedes to Her Britannic Majesty all Netherlands forts, possessions, and rights of sovereignty or jurisdiction, which he possesses on the Gold Coast to the eastward of the mouth of the Sweet River, where Their respective territories are conterminous; and Her Britannic Majesty cedes to His Majesty the King of the Netherlands all British forts, possessions, and rights of sovereignty or jurisdiction, which She possesses on the Gold Coast to the westward of the mouth of the Sweet River, where their respective territories are conterminous.

The boundaries between the possessions of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands and those of Her Britannic Majesty will be a line drawn true North from the centre of the mouth of the Sweet River, as far as the boundary of the present Ashantic Kingdom, but with such deviations within three English miles of the Coast, as shall be necessary to retain within Netherland territory any villages, which have been in habitual dependance on the Netherland Government at St. George d'Elmina, and within British territory any villages which have been in habitual dependance on the British Government at Cape Coast.

Art. 2.
The two High contracting Parties agree that the following tariff of duties of customs shall be enforced in Their respective possessions upon the Gold Coast.

Art. 3.
In order to prevent frauds in the importation of goods, the high contracting Parties engage to empower the officers of their respective customs on the Gold Coast, to require the masters of vessels to make declaration of the nature, quantity, and value of any goods which they may be allowed to land.

If the officers of customs shall be of opinion that the value so to be declared is insufficiënt, they shall be at liberty to take the goods on public account, on paying to the importer the amount of his valuation, with the addition of ten percent thereon, and returning any duty which may have been already paid.

Art. 4.
The tariff of customs duties specified in art. 2, shall be put into operation from and after a day to be agreed upon between the two Governments, and shall remain in force for a period of ten years; and further until the expiration of twelve months after either of the two contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other of its desire for a revision or termination thereof.

Art. 5.
The tariff of customs duties may be enforced or relaxed by the local authorities at their own discretion, or according to the orders of their respective Governments, in respect of articles imported for the use of those authorities, or for the personal use and consumption of officers in the actual service of the Government.

Art. 6.
The mutual transfer of forts, possessions, and rights of sovereignty or jurisdiction, stipulated in art. 1 of the present convention, is dependent upon and subject to the establishment of the proposed tariff, and shall not take effect until the Government of each country shall have procured the exactment of any laws or regulations necessary in order to establish that tariff for the term and under the conditions herein before described, and shall have actually put the same into operation.

Art. 7.
After the transfer alluded to in the foregoing article shall have been made, a map shall be drawn of the new boundary division according to the terms of art. 1. Two copies of the said map, duly attested by the Governments on either side, shall then be appended to this convention for the purpose of showing the boundary, which shall undergo no alteration, even should any of the villages mentioned at the end of art. 1, be subsequently abandoned, or the tariff be modified or withdrawn.

Art. 8.
The present convention after receiving, so far as may be necessary, the approval of the legislative authorities, shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at London within a period of four months, or sooner if possible.

In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seals of their arms.

Done at London, the fifth day of March, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty seven.


text: Talk:Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands for an Interchange of Territory on the Gold Coast of Africa