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262 He now looked back upon his illness, as one who has gained some clear headland looks down upon a valley so dark and overhung with mist that he cannot trace his own course across it. He was no longer in sympathy with that mood of self-renunciation which had influenced him in their last interview. He charged himself with having given up too easily; for might he not, after all, have won her? Might he not, little by little, have changed her conscience, as little by little he had gained her love? Would it have been possible, he asked himself again and again, for her ever to have come to him as she had done that day, had not her conscience approved? Of all his torturing thoughts, none cost him greater suffering than living over in imagination what must have happened to her since then—the humiliation, perhaps public exposure; followed by penalties and sorrows of which he durst not think, and certainly a life more unrelieved in gloom and desolation.

In the summer his father's health began to fail and in the autumn he died. The winter was passed in settling the business of the estate, and before the spring passed again Gordon found himself at the head of affairs, and stretching out before him, calm and clear, the complete independence of his new-found manhood. His life was his own to make it what he would. As fortunes go in Kentucky he was wealthy, his farm being among the most beautiful of the beautiful ones which make up that land, and his homestead being dear through family ties and those intimations of fireside peace which lay closest the heart of his ideal life. But amid all his happiness, that one lack which made the rest appear lacking—that vacancy within which nothing would fill! The beauty of the rich land


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Rh brought him the dream-like recollection of a rough, poor country a hundred miles away. Its quiet home steads, with the impression they create of sweet and simple lives, reminded him only of a convent standing lonely and forbidding on its wide landscape. The calm liberty of woods and fields, the bounding liberty of life, the enlightened liberty of conscience and religion, which were to him the best gifts of his State, his country, and his time, forced on him perpetual contrast with the ancient confinement in which she languished.

Still he threw himself resolutely into his duties. In all that he did or planned he felt a certain sacred, uplifting force added to his life by that high bond through which he had sought to link their sundered path-ways. But, on the other hand, the haunting thought of what might have befallen her since became a corrosive care, and began to eat out the heart of his resolute purposes.

So that when the long, calm summer had passed and autumn had come, bringing him lonelier days in the brown fields, lonelier rides on horseback through the gorgeous woods, and lonelier evenings beside his rekindled hearth-stones, he could bear the suspense no longer, and made up his mind to go back, if but to hear tidings whether she yet were living in the convent. He realized, of course, that under no circumstances could he ever again speak to her of his love. He had put himself on the side of her conscience against his own cause; but he felt that he owed it to himself to dissipate uncertainty regarding her fate. This done, he could return, however sadly, and take up the duties of his life with better heart.

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264

One Sunday afternoon he got off at the little station. From one of the rustic loungers on the platform he learned that old Ezra and Martha had gone the year before to live with a son in a distant State, and that their scant acres had been absorbed in the convent domain.

Slowly he took his way across the sombre fields. Once more he reached the brown foot-path and the edge of the pale, thin corn. Once more the summoning whistle of the quail came sweet and clear from the depths of a neighboring thicket. Silently in the reddening west were rising the white cathedrals of the sky. It was on yonder hill-top he had first seen her, standing as though transfigured in the evening light. Overwhelmed by the memories which the place evoked, he passed on towards the convent. The first sight of it in the distance smote him with a pain so sharp that a groan escaped his lips as from a reopened wound.

It was the hour of the vesper service. Entering the church he sat where he had sat before. How still it was, how faint the autumnal sunlight stealing in through the sainted windows, how motionless the dark company of nuns seated on one side of the nave, how rigid the white rows of novices on the other!

With sad fascination of search his eyes roved among the black-shrouded devotees. She was not there. In the organ-loft above, a voice, poor and thin, began to pour out its wavering little tide of song. She was not there, then. Was her soul already gone home to Heaven?


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Rh Noiselessly from behind the altar the sacristine had come forth and begun to light the candles. With eyes strained and the heart gone out of him he hung upon the movements of her figure. A slight, youthful figure it was—slighter, as though worn and wasted; and the hands which so firmly bore the long taper looked too white and fragile to have upheld aught heavier than the stalk of a lily.

With infinite meekness and reverence she moved hither and thither about the shrine, as though each footfall were a step nearer the glorious Presence, each breath a prayer. One by one there sprang into being, beneath her touch of love, the silvery spires of sacred flame. No angel of the night ever more softly lit the stars of heaven. And it was thus that he saw her for the last time—folded back to the bosom of that faith from which it was left him to believe that he had all but rescued her to love and happiness, and set, as a chastening admonition, to tend the mortal fires on the altar of eternal service.

Looking at her across the vast estranging gulf of destiny, heart-broken, he asked himself in his poor yearning way whether she longer had any thought of him or longer loved him. For answer he had only the assurance given in her words, which now rose as a benediction in his memory:

"If He will deign to hear the ceaseless, fervent petition of one so erring, He will not leave you unhappy on account of that love for me which in this world it will never be allowed me to return."

One highest star of adoration she kindled last, and then turned and advanced down the aisle. He was sitting close to it, and as she came towards him, with


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Ricord, John

RICORD, rĭk'ôrd, or RICARD, John, American lawyer; prominent in Hawaiian affairs in 1843-47. He is stated by some authorities to have gone to Hawaii from Oregon while others speak of him as a young lawyer who arrived from New York. He reached Hawaii in October 1843, was appointed attorney-general in 1844, and in 1845, by request of the legislature, he prepared three bills which were practically amendments to the constitution, providing for the establishment and defining of the duties of an executive department of the government and also for a judiciary independent of the executive branch of the government. Regular cabinet departments were established, the Premier being Minister of the Interior, while other departments were foreign affairs, finance, public instruction and attorney-general. As far as was practicable Ricord sought to establish the common law of England in the islands, and the statute laws drafted by him and passed by the legislature remain in a large measure still in force. He left the islands in 1847.


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 a Physician, Surgeon, and Midwife; and sometimes as an Apothecary; for the Methods of compounding Medicines are so very different, precarious and uncertain amongst the Apothecaries, that every Judicious Practitioner, inclines to compound his own Medicines, rather than exhibit those whose Strength is unknown to the Purchaser. Now, how far short of the Qualifications I have described, many of our Practitioners come, will appear under the Subsequent Narration.

Having thus mentioned the Qualifications necessary for a Physician; I proceed to the Second thing proposed, viz. To describe the various modes of Medical Instruction, and the methods used in introducing Imposters into the Practice of Physic in this Country.

He that desires to become acquainted with any Art or Science, ought to avoid the Study of those Books, and the Instructions of those Masters that will lead him into Error; for if he takes a wrong Road in the beginning of his Journey, the further he goes, the greater will be his distance from the Right way, and the more difficult will it be for him to find it: and if he will not be convinced of his Error, by any Friend, who may endeavour to show him the Right Path, he will entirely miss the mark he was aiming at. Just so it is with those who attempt to become good Physicians; for if they set out wrong, and have Error infused into them, they miss of the Prize they intended to obtain.


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Ricord, Philippe

RICORD, rē-kôr, Philippe, French physician: b. Baltimore, Md., 10 Dec 1800; d. Paris, France, 22 Oct. 1889. He went to Paris in 1820, where he was granted his medical degree in 1826, practised in the provinces for two years, and on his return to Paris passed the Concours examination, and was appointed a surgeon at the Pitié Hospital. In 1831 his lectures in surgery secured his appointment as surgeon-in-chief at Hôpital des Veneriens du Midi, an office he continued to fill until 1860, when he resigned and engaged in private practice. In 1862 he was appointed physician in ordinary to Prince Napoleon, and in 1869 consulting surgeon to Napoleon III. He was made commander of the Legion of Honor in 1860, and for his services in the ambulance corps during the siege of Paris was made grand-officer of the Legion in 1871. He was the author of various valuable surgical treatises and invented several surgical instruments.


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 I think it may not be improper to mention in this Place; that by reason of the late Discoveries and Improvements in Chymistry and other Branches of Medicine, the ancient Dispensatories, and other Medical books, now in Use in this Country, are found to be very Erroneous: that they contain many things which have impeded the progress of the Healing Art; and for that reason have therefore been justly expunged, not only from the late European Pharmacopoeias, but the late Books written upon the Practice of Physic. Many Medicines that were once in high repute in the cure of Diseases, are now laid aside, and the Methods of Practice, within the last twenty years, have been greatly altered in the European Countries, as well as in some Places in America: this Alteration has contributed much towards drawing the Practice of Physic into a smaller compass, the making of the Cure of Diseases more easy and certain and of course of raising the Medical Art to a higher Degree of Perfection. Now, wherever these Ancient Books are used by those who instruct Students in the noble Art of Medicine, both the Masters and the Pupils are led directly into Error; and when they have imbibed erroneous Opinions concerning the Administration, operation and Effects of Medicine upon the Human Body, they frequently augment, instead of alleviating the Distresses of their Fellow Mortals.

An Ignorant Physician is a dangerous Animal:


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 He goes armed with the weapons of Life and Death; and if he is so much in the dark that he cannot distinguish the One from the other, or in other words, if he knows not the Nature of his Medicines, he will be as liable to usher Death and Destruction into the world, as the Preservation of Life and Restoration of Health.

But, alas! It is to be regretted that such swarms of Imposters are allowed to run about in the disguise of Regular bred Physicians, committing Slaughter and Depredation amongst their Ignorant Employers: And it is also to be regretted, that no regular System of Pharmacy, has ever been established in this country for a guide to the Apothecaries in the Preparing, and compounding their medicines: that they have been allowed to compound from Age to Age, as many different ways as there are different Methods prescribed in the different Dispensatories now in use: that many Medicines have been compounded and sold under One and the same Name that had different Degrees of Strength; and that from hence the most skillful Physicians have been greatly deceived, not only in the Administration of Proper Doses, but in the Operation and Effects of such Medicines amongst their Patients. This precarious mode of practice, has, perhaps, destroyed the Lives of thousands of the Americans!

Some prudent Practitioners have long been sensible of this Inconveniency, and have therefore compounded their medicines themselves; rather than expose their reputations, and the lives of their Patients by the


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 Administration of Medicines whose strengths were unknown; and this has greatly diminished the Business of the Apothecaries: but who can blame them for compounding their Medicine so very different, when they have no Established Rule for a Guide; and there are such a variety of methods prescribed in the Different Dispensatories now in use.

A great variety of medicines are differently compounded; but as a Proof of my Assertions at this time, I shall only exhibit the different prescriptions for compounding but one medicine, viz. the Liquid Laudanum, which may be seen in the following Dispensatories, as,

1. The London Dispensatory.
 * ℞ Gum Opii purify pun 	- ʒx
 * Spirit vin tenu 	- ?
 * Digere per Dies Deum, et cola.

2. The Edenburgh Dispensatory
 * ℞ Opium, 		- ℥ij
 * Aq. Cin. Spt. 	- ?
 * Digere per Dies Quatuor, et cola.

3. Quinsey's Dispensatory
 * ℞ Gum Opii crud. 	- ℥ij
 * Croc. Anglican.	- ℥j
 * Aq. Aromat. vel cin.	- ℥?
 * Spt. Vin gallic.	- ℥x
 * Digere leni calore, et cola.

4. James's Dispensatory
 * ℞ Gum Opii crud.	- ℥ij
 * Croc Anglican.	- ℥j
 * Aq. Aromat. vel cin.	- ℥xx
 * Digere leni calore, et cola.

5. Brookes's Dispensatory
 * ℞ Gum Opii,		- ℥ij
 * Aq. Aromat.		- ℥xx
 * Digere leni calore, etc.

Thus we may see by preceeding


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 prescriptions for compounding the Liquid Laudanum, how greatly that medicine varies in regard to its strength, and how liable a Physician is to be deluded in the Exhibition of Proper Doses; and in its Effects upon the human Body; and the same may be said of many of the other compounds.

I am apprehensive, that the Establishment of a Regular System of Pharmacy in America, would be of great utility to the Apothecaries; that it would increase their Business and diminish the troubles and care of those Physicians who compound their own Medicines.

In Europe there are certain Rules Established by law, for the Chusing, Preparing, Weighing, Measuring, Compounding, Distilling, Extracting, and Preserving of medicines; and if the Apothecaries do not strictly observe those Rules they are liable to punishment: they are, however, permitted to compound any other way if so ordered by some Learned Physicians for such Practitioners are allowed to order such Compositions for a Patient, as is thought most beneficial: and the same Rules and Regulations ought to be observed in this part of the world.

Another vanity has prevailed in this country, which has been the foundation of much discord amongst the Practitioners of physic: it arose from their being differently instructed in the Mysteries of the Medical Art. It has been customary for great Numbers of the Physicians to keep but one Dispensatory, hence, one has had an Ancient One of the London College; another has had one of that of Edenburgh; another


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The New International Encyclopædia/Ricord, John

RICORD,, or RICARD,. An American lawyer, said to have been a native of New York State, who went to Hawaii in October, 1843, and the next year was appointed Attorney-General of the island kingdom. In 1845 the Hawaiian Legislature authorized him to draft a series of acts organizing the five executive departments of the Government: Interior, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Public Instruction, and Attorney-General. It also adopted changes in the Constitution of 1840 affecting the Privy Council and the judiciary, which he proposed. In 1846 and 1847 it accepted the statute laws that he drew up, and these continued until the revolution to be the basis of Hawaii's civil code. His services in shaping Hawaiian institutions during their formative period were very valuable. He left the islands in 1847.


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 has had Quinsey's etc. and as all of them give different Accounts of the Medical Properties of both the simple and compound Remedies; and as one Physician has been instructed according to one Dispensatory, and another according to another, so different Ideas have been imbibed concerning the Natures of Medicines; and from hence also, when Practitioners who have been thus Educated have met, to consult upon any difficult, or dangerous case, they could not agree about the prescription, administration, and Effects of Medicines; and from this difference of sentiment, much contention has ensued, as is obvious to every One who has been acquainted with the Practice of Physic in this part of the globe. But we must not, however, impute the grounds of this discord altogether to the Dispensatories, for there are other Books which tend to produce the same evil consequences, as well as the different Instructions given by the different Teachers of the Medical Art. But he who does not understand an Art or Science, is by no means fit to teach it to others; and therefore and Ignorant Physician is wholly unfit to become a Teacher, because he may lead his Pupils astray. But it is time for me to hasten from this Digression, and proceed to the thing I proposed, viz. to describe the various Modes of Medical Instruction, etc.

I find that these Modes are different in the different Parts of the United States. In the Cities of Philadelphia, and New York, they have Colleges of Physicians where Eminent Professors read Lectures upon the various Branches of Learning. Hospitals are also erected in those


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 Cities, where a variety of dangerous cases may be inspected; and by these Advantages Students in Physic are Educated in a Regular way and manner.

In country places remote from those Colleges, the modes of Instruction are vastly different. For wherever a Physician has raised his fame by merit, or by Quackery, among the Ignorant multitudes of his Employers; some of them are commonly inclined to send their sons to him, to be instructed a year or two in the Medical Art: but if any of their other children are sent to learn to be carpenters, Taylors, or shoemakers: about seven years must be spent in learning the mysteries of those mechanical Arts.

Some young men are sent to learn to be Physicians, who have had some learning, and others are sent directly from the plough, who can scarcely read, or even write their own Names, and thus the Doctor becomes furnished with Pupils. His Library consists, perhaps, of Cheselden's Anatomy, an old Dispensatory, and Brooke's Practice of Physic; for I have been credibly informed that a very celebrated Practitioner, and eminent Doctor-Maker, keeps no other Books; though some of the other Doctor-Makers keep better Libraries, whilst others again may have those which are not so good.

Let us distinguish the Master from the Pupil, by calling the former Dr. Triumphant, and the latter Dr. Imposter, whilst we observe how the Learning goes on, etc.


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 The Pupil must of course Study theory before he enters upon Practice, and Dr. Triumphant presents Cheselden's Anatomy, which must be read through, and this being done, the old Dispensatory comes the next in succession, and afterwards Brookes's Practice. About a year is spent in these dry Studies. If the Pupil has not had learning before, this Study becomes very disagreeable: He does not understand the Technical terms, and, perhaps, has no body to Instruct him; for whether Dr. Triumphant is, or is not a man of Skill, he is very much hurried in his Business, being obliged to visit his Patients both Night and Day, and therefore cannot Instruct the Student.

When about a year is thus spent, the Pupil is permitted to ride upon Practice with his Master. Not a single Lecture has been delivered upon Botany, the Materia Medica, Chymistry, pharmacy, Pathology, Therapeutice, Anatomy, Surgery or any other Art, or Science; and the Pupil is almost as Ignorant as he was when he first entered upon his Medical Studies.

The Pupil is informed, whilst he rides with the Master, that Emetic Tartar will vomit; that Julap will Purge; that Opium will ease Pain, etc. and is often allowed to ride alone upon practice in Triumphant's absence.

Sometimes a year is spent in riding with the Master; but if he is to receive a certain sum of money for Instructing and Boarding the Pupil, he may perhaps, dismiss him sooner, under the pretence of his being duly qualified, although it is in reality


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 with a design of accumulating some gain to himself by saving the Board, etc.

When the Pupil is dismissed, he receives a Recommendation from his Master: assumes the Title of Doctor, and launches out into the Ignorant World as a Practitioner in Physic, Surgery, Midwifery, etc. and now I think he may be legally styled, Doctor Imposter. Now is the time for playing the Hypocrite, for his Friends and Relations are employed to recommend him to the Public, as a man of wonderful skill! Great Humanity, and he soon finds Employment. If any Patient is murdered by his maleadministeration: he then Reports, that the Disease was so violent that it was impossible to conquer it by the most powerful medicines; and if by chance he cures a Patient ill of any dangerous Disorder, his fame rises immediately: he is highly extolled, and soon becomes very popular. He often rides out under the pretence of visiting the sick, when perhaps, nobody is ill; and goes from home one way, and returns by another. He rides very fast, and appears to be always in a hurry. He rails most bitterly against every Practitioner but himself, and Doctor Triumphant; whom he represents as a man of very extensive Abilities. At all Opportunities he crouds himself into the Company of the Patients of other Physicians, decrying the Remedies they have prescribed; telling what wonderful Cures he has wrought; How humane and charitable he has been to the necessitous; as he has often given his Advice


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 to the Poor gratis, etc. He by the way offers his service, uttering a few high flown expressions; indulging himself in a variety of Nods and Significant Gestures, and emphatical Hmm's! and hahs! till he has excited the admiration of the Poor feeble Patients! who being desirous of Relief, employ the Imposter, and dismiss the regular bred Practitioners from their service. If he finds at any time that he is not in a likely way to perform a cure; and by a secret check of conscience, becomes doubtful of his own Abilities, he sends for Dr. Triumphant, to Assist him. If they cure the Patient, both of them are extolled as very eminent Physicians: but when the Imposter performs a cure alone, he has all the Praise to himself, and soon becomes so well established in his Profession, that he is esteemed fit to commence Doctor Maker, and in a few months is furnished by his Ignorant employers, with a Number of Pupils.

This has been the mode of Education, and method of introducing Imposters into the Practice of Physic in too many Places under the Sun; and of making them so very Popular in the World, that they have over-run Regular bred Physicians, to the disgrace of the Human Species, and destruction of their Health and Prosperity!

Many have been allowed to Practice Physic, who have had no learning, or at least have never been instructed by any Physician. This is evident by the great number of Quacks, who have raised their fame by imposing upon the Ignorant World with Nostrums, which have been recommended as a specific, for almost all kinds of Disorders; but on trial, have fell greatly short of the Encomiums that were given of them.


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The New International Encyclopædia/Ricord, Philippe

RICORD, (1800-89). A French surgeon, born at Baltimore. He went in 1820 to Paris, where he was attached in succession to the Hôtel-Dieu under Dupuytren, and to the Pitié under Lisfranc. He graduated in medicine in 1826, and after practicing in the provinces, in 1828 he returned to Paris, where he delivered two annual courses of lectures at the Pitié on surgical operations, and was appointed surgeon-in-chief to the hospital for venereal diseases. This post he held with brilliant success till his retirement in October, 1860. He won a world-wide reputation in his specialty. In 1831 he became surgeon-in-chief of the Hospital du Midi in Paris. For his suggestions on the cure of varicocele and on the operation of urethro-plasty he received in 1842 one of the Montyon prizes. In 1862 he was appointed physician in ordinary to Napeoleon III., and in 1869 consulting surgeon to the Emperor, having already on August 12, 1860, been raised to the distinction of commander of the Legion of Honor. In 1871 he was made, for his services in the ambulance corps during the siege of Paris, grand officer of the Legion of Honor. His works are numerous, the more important of them being: De l'emploi du speculum (1833); Traité des maladies vénériennes (1838); Lettres sur la syphilis (1851).


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 When an Imposter has once relieved a Patient by a Nostrum, he may be permitted to Administer other Remedies also, and so introduce himself into Practice by the Assistance of his Friends. In short the Practice has become so general that many of the Gossips are allowed to Practise, and interrupt that of the Regular bred Physicians.

Some People who are of a stingy Disposition, employ Imposters in the Medical Art, because they commonly practice cheaper than the Regular bred Physicians; and this is one thing that tends to introduce those devouring caterpillars into Practice. But it has been observed, however, that if these People stand in need of the Assistance of a Sawyer, Carpenter, Blacksmith or Taylor, they will be very careful in chusing a good workman. O foolish People, and unwise! Who hath bewitched you, or induced you not to chuse a good workman, when your lives are in imminent danger? Why do ye swallow the poisonous Doses prescribed by those Quacks and Imposters who know not the virtues of Medicines, the strength of your constitutions, nor the nature of your Diseases? Why do ye set a higher value upon your Money, than ye do upon your Lives? How can you be sure that such poisonous Remedies will not put an immediate end to your Existence? And is not the Employment of such Imposters almost as criminal as murder, and Suicide?

Great Exertions have been made in divers Countries and Cities to Suppress Quackery. I was once in a large Country, when the Legislature enacted


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 that a Committee should be appointed to examine all the Physicians, Surgeons, and midwives, in the government, who had not been graduated at a college, or University; or served as a Surgeon, on Board of a Man of War, or in the Army; and to licence all they found duly qualified; and if any Man or Woman, attempted after a certain Day, to Practise in any of the preceeding Professions without a Licence, He or She should pay for the first Offence, a fine of Fifty Pounds; and for the second Offence, double that sum, etc. if I mistake not.

I was also in a City, where a Law was passed, forbidding any Person to Practise, there, who had not been Graduated as a Doctor of Physic in some of the Universities within the limits of the United States or had passed an Examination, and been licensed in the same City. That if any attempted to practice without such qualifications, five pounds was to be paid for the first Offence, ten for the second, etc. And, I am preswaded, that the Legislatures would do well, if they made Laws in Every Government, for the Suppression of a Vice so very dangerous to the Lives of the Human Species.

It is a very extensive and laborious task, to learn to be a good Physician; for the requisite Arts and Sciences are so comprehensive, that much time must be spent before a Student can be properly Qualified. and although, many have spent but a year or two in Medical Studies, before they have entered into Practice, yet I am confident, that Seven years is not time enough


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 for completing a work of such vast Magnitude and Importance. But some men of great natural Abilities, who have not had much Opportunity for acquiring Medical Knowledge whilst under the Care of their Masters, have afterwards, by procuring good Libraries and attending diligently to their Studies and Practice, become Skillful Practitioners whilst others again, who have had such an Education have, perhaps, by their Ignorance and neglect, destroyed the Lives of their fellow mortals!

Some Practitioners have had better Libraris than that kept by Dr. Triumphant; and they have spent more time in Instructing their Pupils; but when all this has been done, many things have been wanting, such as Anatomical Demonstrations, Chymical Experiments, etc. Although the Physicians in America commonly Practise Physic, Surgery, and Midwifery; and especially in Country Townships; yet they are considered in Europe, as distinct and separate Arts; and in some Places, he that Practises one of them, is not allowed to officiate in either of the other; and even the female midwives are obliged to live Seven years with some Experienced Practitioner, before they are permitted to Practise themselves. But in the Country, they commonly rush into Practice without the necessary Qualifications. These Regulations tend to make the Practisers more perfect in their several Professions, which is very commendable; for Quemque oportet esse peritum artis suxe. i.e. Every one ought to be skillful in his own trade: and if the same examples were more followed in this part of the world, it would raise the Medical Art to a higher Degree of Perfection.

Having thus Described the various


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Author:William Henry Williamson

Works

 * The Prince's Marriage (1908)
 * The Traitor's Wife (1908)
 * Disturbers (1914)
 * An Average Woman (1916) as W. Dane Bank
 * Thinker or believer? (1928)
 * Annals of crime; some extraordinary women (1930)

title: Author:William Henry Williamson


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 Modes of medical instruction, and methods used in introducing Imposters into the Practice of Physic in this country; I now proceed Gentlemen to the Third thing proposed, that is, to Answer your Questions: viz.

"What is the most elegible mode of increasing and Propagating Medical Knowledge in the State of Connecticut?"

I beg leave to Recommend as the most elegible mode in My Opinion,


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Thus Gentlemen, have I answered your Question according to the best of my capacity, and how far your Sentiments may correspond with mine, is at present unknown. I do not pretend to dictate, for you have a Right to Govern your own Affairs, as you in your Wisdom may see fit. The attending of Judicious Lectures upon every Branch of Medicine, is of very great utility to Students, as I know by my own Experience, which is the best School-Master; and, as but few Practitioners are able to furnish themselves with a suitable Apparatus; and as it is impossible for them to deliver a regular course of Lectures when they are crouded with other Employments, I thought fit to Recommend to your consideration, the Institution of a College of Physicians or Acadamy in your State, that young Gentlemen may be Educated in a regular manner for the future, and the country not so much incumbered with Imposters hereafter, as it has been heretofore.


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 I thank you for the communication of the Question I have attempted to answer; and hope that your endeavours to increase and propagate Medical Knowledge in your State will be crowned with Success; and after wishing your Health and Prosperity, Subscribe myself, Gentlemen, your most obedient humble Servant.

Dec. 19th. 1795.


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266 impulse he bent forward to meet her, his lips parted as though to speak, his eyes implored her for recognition, his hands were instinctively moved to attract her notice. But she passed him with unuplifted eyes. The hem of her dress swept across his foot. In that intense moment, which compressed within itself the joy of another meeting and the despair of an eternal farewell—in that moment he may have tried to read through her face and beyond it in her very soul the story of what she must have suffered. To any one else, on her face rested only that beauty, transcending all description, which is born of the sorrow of earth and the peace of God.

Mournful as was this last sight of her, and touched with remorse, he could yet bear it away in his heart for long remembrance not untempered by consolation. He saw her well; he saw her faithful; he saw her bearing the sorrows of her lot with angelic sweetness. Through years to come the beauty of this scene might abide with him, lifted above the realm of mortal changes by the serenitude of her immovable devotion.

There was thus spared him knowledge of the great change that had taken place regarding her within the counsels of the Order; nor, perhaps, was he ever to learn of the other changes, more eventful still, that were now fast closing in upon her destiny.

When the Creator wishes to create a woman, the beauty of whose nature is to prefigure the types of an immortal world, he endows her more plenteously with


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Rh the faculty of innocent love. The contravention of this faculty has time after time resulted in the most memorable tragedies that have ever saddened the history of the race. He had given to the nature of Pauline Cambron two strong, unwearying wings: the pinion of faith and the pinion of love. It was his will that she should soar by the use of both. But they had denied her the use of one; and the vain and bewildered struggles which marked her life thenceforth were as those of a bird that should try to rise into the air with one of its wings bound tight against its bosom.

After the illness which followed upon the events of that terrible day, she took towards her own conduct the penitential attitude enjoined by her religion. There is little need to lay bare all that followed. She had passed out of her soft world of heroic dreams into the hard world of unheroic reality. She had chosen a name to express her sympathy with the sorrows of the world, and the sorrows of the world had broken in upon her. Out of the white dawn of the imagination she had stepped into the heat and burden of the day.

Long after penances and prayers were over, and by others she might have felt herself forgiven, she was as far as ever from that forgiveness which comes from within. It is not characteristic of a nature such as hers to win pardon so easily for such an offence as she considered hers. Indeed, as time passed on, the powers of her being seemed concentred more and more in one impassioned desire to expiate her sin; for, as time passed on, despite penances and prayers, she realized that she still loved him.

As she pondered this she said to herself that peace would never come unless she should go elsewhere and


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268 begin life over in some place that was free from the memories of her fall, there was so much to remind her of him. She could not go into the garden without recalling the day when they had walked through it side by side. She could not cross the threshold of the church without being reminded that it was the scene of her unfaithfulness and of her exposure. The grave yard, the foot-path across the fields, the observatory—all were full of disturbing images. And therefore she besought the Mother Superior to send her away to some one of the missions of the Order, thinking that thus she would win forgetfulness of him and singleness of heart.

But while the plan of doing this was yet being considered by the Mother Superior, there happened one of those events which seem to fit into the crises of our lives as though determined by the very laws of fate. The attention of the civilized world had not yet been fixed upon the heroic labors of the Belgian priest, Father Damien, among the lepers of the island of Molokai. But it has been stated that near the convent are the monks of La Trappe. Among these monks were friends of the American priest, Brother Joseph, who for years was one of Father Damien's assistants; and to these friends this priest from time to time wrote letters, in which he described at great length the life of the leper settlement and the work of the small band of men and women who had gone to labor in that remote and awful vineyard. The contents of these letters were made known to the ecclesiastical superior of the convent; and one evening he made them the subject of a lecture to the assembled nuns and novices, dwelling with peculiar eloquence upon the devotion of the three


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Rh Franciscan Sisters who had become outcasts from human society that they might nurse and teach leprous girls, until inevitable death should overtake them also.

Among that breathless audience of women there was one soul on whom his words fell with the force of a message from the Eternal. Here, then, at last, was offered her a path-way by following meekly to the end of which she might perhaps find blessedness. The real Man of Sorrows appeared to stand in it and beckon her on to the abodes of those abandoned creatures whose sufferings he had with peculiar pity so often stretched forth his hand to heal. When she laid before the Mother Superior her petition to be allowed to go, it was at first refused, being regarded as a momentary impulse; but months passed, and at intervals, always more earnestly, she renewed her request. It was pointed out to her that when one has gone among the lepers there is no return; the alternatives are either life-long banishment, or death from leprosy, usually at the end of a few years. But always her reply was:

"In the name of Christ, Mother, let me go!"

Meantime it had become clear to the Mother Superior that some change of scene must be made. The days of Sister Dolorosa's usefulness in the convent were too plainly over.

It had not been possible in that large household of women to conceal the fact of her unfaithfulness to her vows. As one black veil whispered to another—as one white veil communed with its attentive neighbor—little by little events were gathered and pieced together, until, in different forms of error and rumor, the story became known to all. Some from behind window lattices had watched her in the garden with the young stranger


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270 on the day of his visiting the convent. Others had heard of his lying wounded at the farm-house. Still others were sure that under pretext of visiting old Martha she had often met him in the fields. And then the scene on the steps of the church, when she had returned soiled and torn and fainting.

So that from the day on which she arose from her illness and began to go about the convent, she was singled out as a target for those small arrows which the feminine eye directs with such faultless skill at one of its own sex. With scarcely perceptible movements they would draw aside when passing her, as though to escape corrupting contact. Certain ones of the younger Sisters, who were jealous of her beauty, did not fail to drop innuendoes for her to overhear. And upon some of the novices, whose minds were still wavering between the Church and the world, it was thought that her example might have a dangerous influence.

It is always wrong to judge motives; but it is possible that the head of the Order may have thought it best that this ruined life should take on the halo of martyrdom, from which fresh lustre would be reflected upon the annals of the Church. However this may be, after about eighteen months of waiting, during which correspondence was held with the Sandwich Islands, it was determined that Sister Dolorosa should be allowed to go thither and join the labors of the Franciscan Sisters.

From the day when consent was given she passed into that peace with which one ascends the scaffold or awaits the stake. It was this look of peace that Gordon had seen on her face as she moved hither and thither about the shrine.


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Rh Only a few weeks after he had thus seen her the day came for her to go. Of those who took part in the scene of farewell she was the most unmoved. A month later she sailed from San Francisco for Honolulu; and in due time there came from Honolulu to the Mother Superior the following letter. It contains all that remains of the earthly history of Pauline Cambron:

" "January 1, 188–.

",—I entreat you not to let the sight of this strange handwriting, instead of one that must be so familiar, fill you with too much alarm. I hasten to assure you that before my letter closes you will understand why Sister Dolorosa has not written herself.

"Since the hour when the vessel sailed from the American port, bearing to us that young life as a consecrated helper in our work among these suffering outcasts of the human race, I know that your thoughts and prayers have followed her with unceasing anxiety; so that first I should give you tidings that the vessel reached Honolulu in safety. I should tell you also that she had a prosperous voyage, and that she is now happy—far happier than when she left you. I know, likewise, that your imagination has constantly hovered about this island, and that you have pictured it to yourself as the gloomiest of all spots in the universe of God; so that in the next place I should try to remove this impression by giving you some description of the island itself, which has now become her unchanging home.


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The New International Encyclopædia/Prophecy

PROPHECY (OF. prophecie, prophetie, Fr. prophétie, from Lat. prophetia, from Gk. προφητεία, prophēteia, prediction, from προφητεύειν, prophēteuein, to predict, from προφήτης, prophētēs, prophet, from προφάναι, prophanai, to say before, from πρό, pro, before + φάναι, phanai, to say). According to the popular acceptation, prophecy is essentially prediction, a foretelling of events by divinely inspired personages. Inasmuch however as the general ideas on the subject are based upon religious phenomena in Hebrew history, it is but proper, in order to determine the exact force of the term and its development, to turn to Hebrew usage. Adopting this method we find the earlier terms in Hebrew for prophet (e.g. rō'eh, ‘seer,’ khōzeh, ‘one who has a vision’) associated with the prognostication of the future, and there is no reason to differentiate Hebrew prophecy in this stage from the belief common to all peoples in a low state of culture assigns to certain individuals the power of ascertaining the will of the gods in whose hands the future of an individual or of a community lies. Such beliefs were common among Semites closely affiliated with the Hebrews. In Babylonia we find soothsayers, sorcerers, witches, and magicians recognized as necessary elements of society, and various classes of omen-priests connected with the Babylonian temples: kāhin, the Arabic equivalent of the Hebrew word for priest (kōhēn), is used to designate the ‘soothsayer.’ The various classes of soothsayers enumerated in Deut. xviii. 9-14 show not only the prevalence of this belief among the Hebrews up to a comparatively late period, but also the power which the soothsayers continued to exercise even after the period when the Hebrews entered upon a line of religious development destined to mark them off sharply from their fellow Semites.

The Hebrew ‘prophet’ accordingly traces his origin back to the ‘seer,’ that is, to the magician, sorcerer, and soothsayer; if he stands out in history as a personage distinct from the ‘seer,’ it is because there is afterwards added in his case a quality of a higher order. It is not difficult to determine what this quality is. In the proper historical sense, the term ‘prophet’ is applicable only to the series of teachers and exhorters who arose among the Hebrews in the eighth century B.C., and through whose influence a new conception of Deity and of the relation of the national god Yahweh to his people was evolved. While also concerned with ‘prophecy’ in the sense of foretelling the future, they dealt not with individuals, but with the nation as a whole or with the two sections of the people — the northern Kingdom of Israel, and the southern Kingdom of Judah. More than this, the prophetic functions which they exercised, or claimed to exercise, were incidental to their main task, which was to impress upon the people the sense of responsibility for their acts to a Deity, who governed, not by caprice, but by high standards of right, purity, and Justice, and who was

to be approached, not by gifts and sacrifices, but by a contrite heart and a genuine spirit of devotion. The prognostications indulged in by those prophets of whose utterances we possess fragments in the ‘prophetical’ division of the Old Testament are largely concerned with threats of divine punishment for disobedience to Yahweh's will and decrees. They are accordingly based upon the profound conviction of the prophet that wrong-doing is certain to be punished; and in this respect their prophecies differ essentially from the attempts of soothsayers and diviners to determine by means of omens and oracular devices the course that will be taken by events and to ascertain the will of the gods.

This view of the prophetical calling among the Hebrews applies to the prophets from Amos to the anonymous Malachi, including therefore the brilliant galaxy Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel. At the same time it must be acknowledged that, even in the case of these exhorters, survivals of the more primitive prophetic functions are to be discerned. While discarding the oracular methods of the soothsayers, they yet stand forth as interpreting certain signs and symbols in connection with Yahweh's purposes, and above all they claim, or are represented as claiming, to have had visions in which the future — generally of the nation — was revealed to them. No doubt it was this claim and the belief in their extraordinary powers that lent them a large measure of the influence that they exerted. And it is not necessary to assume that the prophets of the higher order no longer believed in the supernatural phases of their calling. They deeply felt that they were speaking in Yahweh's name and they were essentially the children of their day in accepting the position that Yahweh made his will known to his people through certain individuals singled out for the purpose.

The importance, therefore, of the Hebrew prophets consists in their paving the way for a new and far higher conception of prophecy, which, becoming in time more and more dissociated with mere foretelling propensities, made the prophet the moral and religious teacher par excellence. The highest expression of prophecy in this sense is to be seen in the announcement of a glorious age when with the complete reconciliation of Yahweh with his people a new period is to be ushered in, marked by the triumph of right and justice, and when the worship of Yahweh will be freed from all impurities and unworthy features. That this new era was closely bound up with strictly national ideals represents a natural limitation, the absence of which would have placed both the prophets and prophecy entirely beyond the intellectual and religious horizon of their times. As late as the advent of Jesus, the Messianic period (as the new era was designated) was bound up in the minds of the masses with the restoration of the Jewish kingdom, and though Yahweh long ere the days of Jesus had ceased to be a merely national deity, yet even the God recognized as supreme and single in the universe was bound by special ties to a particular people; and even when the Messiah was no longer pictured as an earthly king, the limitation of Hebrew prophecy appears in the position accorded to Jerusalem, which, as the chosen seat of the universal God, was to be the spiritual centre of mankind — the gathering place to which all nations would make pilgrimage.

The view of prophecy above unfolded makes it doubtful whether the term prophet is applicable to such personages as Elijah and Elisha, or even to Samuel and Moses. That in the Old Testament the name nābī’ is distinctly applied to them is simply due to that projection of later conditions into the remote past which is a distinguishing feature of the theory controlling historical compilation in the Old Testament collection. According to this theory, the religious views and ideas of the later prophets are but special expressions of a faith first promulgated by Abraham and given a definite shape by Moses. As a matter of fact the historical rôle of Moses and Samuel, so far as this can be determined, was so essentially different from that of the prophets from the eighth century on, that it is only a source of confusion to apply the term nābī’ to those who flourished before the beginning of the religious movement that takes its rise with Amos. Elijah and Elisha are in a measure forerunners of this movement, but the religious problem in their days, involving mainly the conflict between the Yahweh cult and the Canaanitish Baal cults, is so entirely different from the one encountered when we come to the prophets in the real sense that we ought likewise to avoid the extension of nābī’ to individuals of whom Elijah and Elisha are types; or, if the term ‘prophet’ is to be extended to them, it should at least be recognized that they are prophets of a totally different character, standing far closer to the old Semitic kāhins, who, more or less closely organized into a guild, differ from the ordinary representatives of the gods — the priests — only in not being attached to any particular sanctuary, but, passing from place to place, furnish oracles to those who seek them out, and engage in religious practices that are the outcome of primitive religious beliefs.

. Out of the large mass of literature the following works are selected: Smith, The Prophets of Israel (London, 1882); Kuenen, The Prophets of Israel (Eng. trans., London, 1877); Duhm, Die Theologie der Propheten (Bonn, 1875); Ewald, The Prophets of the Old Testament (Eng. trans., London, 1875); Kittel, Prophetie und Weissagung (Freiburg, 1899); Riehm, Die Messianische Weissagung (2d ed., Gotha, 1885; Eng. trans., Edinburgh, 1891); Cornill, Der israelitische Prophetismus (Strassburg, 1894; Eng. trans., Chicago, 1897); Darmesteter, “The Prophets of Israel,” in Selected Essays (Boston, 1895); Briggs, Messianic Prophecy (New York, 1886); and the Old Testament theologies of Dillmann, Smend, Oehler, and Schultz. See ; ; and the articles, on the different prophets of the Old Testament and their books.


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272 "The island of Molokai, then, on which the leper settlement has been located by the Government, is long, and shaped much like the leaf of the willow-tree. The Sandwich Islands, as you well know, are a group of volcanoes out of which the fires have for the most part long since died. Molokai, therefore, is really but a mountain of cooled lava, half of which perhaps is beneath the level of the sea. The two leper villages are actually situated in the cup of an ancient crater. The island is very low along the southern coast, and slopes gradually to its greatest altitude on the northern ridge, from which the descent to the sea is in places all but perpendicular. It is between the bases of these northern cliffs and the sea that the villages are built. In the rear of them is a long succession of towering precipices and wild ravines, that are solemn and terrible to behold; and in front of them there is a coast line so rough with pointed rocks that as the waves rush in upon them spray is often thrown to the height of fifty or a hundred feet. It is this that makes the landing at times so dangerous; and at other times, when a storm has burst, so fatal. So that shipwrecks are not unknown, dear Mother, and sometimes add to the sadness of life in this place.

"But from this description you would get only a mistaken idea of the aspect of the island. It is sunny and full of tropical loveliness. The lapse of centuries has in places covered the lava with exquisite verdure. Soft breezes blow here, about the dark cliffs hang purple atmospheres, and above them drift pink and white clouds. Sometimes the whole island is veiled in golden mist. Beautiful streams fall down its green precipices into the sea; and the sea itself is of the most


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Rh blue. In its depths are growths of pure white corals, which are the homes of fishes of gorgeous colors.

"If I should speak no longer of the island, but of the people, I could perhaps do something further still to dissipate the dread with which you and other strangers must regard us. The inhabitants are a simple, generous, happy race; and there are many spots in this world—many in Europe and Asia, perhaps some in your own land—where the scenes of suffering and death are more poignant and appalling. The lepers live for the most part in decent white cottages. Many are the happy faces that are seen among them; so that, strange as it may seem, healthy people would some times come here to live if the laws did not forbid. So much has Christianity done that one may now be buried in consecrated ground.

"If all this appears worldly and frivolous, dear Mother, forgive me! If I have chosen to withhold from you news of her, of whom alone I know you are thinking, it is because I have wished to give you as bright a picture as possible. Perhaps you will thus become the better prepared for what is to follow.

"So that before I go further, I shall pause again to describe to you one spot which is the loveliest on the island. About a mile and a half from the village of Kalawao there is a rocky point which is used as an irregular landing-place when the sea is wild. Just beyond this point there is an inward curve of the coast, making an inlet of the sea; and from the water's edge there slopes backward into the bosom of the island a deep ravine. Down this ravine there falls and winds a gleaming white cataract, and here the tropical vegetation grows most beautiful. The trees are wreathed


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274 with moist creepers; the edges and crevices of the lava blocks are fringed with ferns and moss. Here the wild ginger blooms and the crimson lehua. Here grow trees of orange and palm and punhala groves. Here one sees the rare honey-bird with its plumage of scarlet velvet, the golden plover, and the beautiful white bos'unbird, wheeling about the black cliff heights. The spot is as beautiful as a scene in some fairy tale. When storms roll in from the sea the surf flows far back into this ravine, and sometimes—after the waters have subsided—a piece of wreckage from the ocean is left behind.

"Forgive me once more, O dear Mother! if again I seem to you so idle and unmeaning in my words. But I have found it almost impossible to go on; and, besides, I think you will thank me, after you have read my letter through, for telling you first of this place.

"From the day of our first learning that there was a young spirit among you who had elected, for Christ's sake, to come here and labor with us, we had counted the days till she should arrive. The news had spread throughout the leper settlement. Father Damien had made it known to the lepers in Kalawao, Father Wendolen had likewise told it among the lepers in Kalapaupa, and the Protestant ministers spoke of it to their flocks. Thus her name had already become familiar to hundreds of them, and many a prayer had been offered up for her safety.

"Once a week there comes to Molokai from Honolulu a little steamer called Mokolii. When it reached here last Saturday morning it brought the news that just before it sailed from Honolulu the vessel bearing Sister Dolorosa had come into port. She had been taken in charge by the Sisters until the Mokolii should return and make


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Rh the next trip. I should add that the steamer leaves at about five o'clock in the afternoon, and that it usually reaches here at about dawn of the following morning in ordinary weather.

"And now, dear Mother, I beseech you to lay my letter aside! Do not read further now. Lay it aside, and do not take it up again until you have sought in prayer the consolation of our divine religion for the sorrows of our lives.

"I shall believe that you have done this, and that, as you now go on with the reading of my letter, you have gained the fortitude to hear what I have scarcely the power to write. Heaven knows that in my poor way I have sought to prepare you!

"As it was expected that the steamer would reach the island about dawn on Saturday morning, as usual, it had been arranged that many of us should be at the landing-place to give her welcome. But about midnight one of the terrific storms which visit this region suddenly descended, enveloping the heavens, that had been full of the light of the stars, in impenetrable darkness. We were sleepless with apprehension that the vessel would be driven upon the rocks such was the direction of the storm long before it could come opposite the villages: and a few hours before day Father Damien, accompanied by Father Conradi, Brother James, and Brother Joseph, went down to the coast. Through the remaining hours of the night they watched and waited, now at one point, and now at another, knowing that the vessel could never land in such a storm. As the dawn broke they followed up the coast until they came opposite that rocky point of which I have already spoken as being an irregular landing-place.


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276 "Here they were met by two or three men who were drenched with the sea, and just starting towards the villages, and from them they learned that, an hour or two before, the steamer had been driven upon the hidden rocks of the point. It had been feared that it would soon be sunk or dashed to pieces, and as quickly as possible a boat had been put off, in which were the leper girls that were being brought from Honolulu. There was little hope that it would ever reach the shore, but it was the last chance of life. In this boat, dear Mother, Sister Dolorosa also was placed. Immediately afterwards a second boat was put off, containing the others that were on board.

"Of the fate of the first boat they had learned nothing. Their own had been almost immediately capsized, and, so far as they knew, they were the sole survivors. The Hawaiians are the most expert of swimmers, being almost native to the sea; and since the distance was short, and only these survived, you will realize how little chance there was for any other.

"During the early hours of the morning, which broke dark and inexpressibly sad for us, a few bodies were found washed ashore, among them those of two leper girls of Honolulu. But our search for her long proved unavailing. At length Father Damien suggested that we follow up the ravine which I have described, and it was thither that he and Brother Joseph and I accordingly went. Father Damien thought it well that I should go with them.

"It was far inland, dear Mother, that at last we found her. She lay out-stretched on a bare, black rock of lava, which sloped upward from the sea. Her naked white feet rested on the green moss that fringed its lower


text:
Song (Brontë, "The linnet in the rocky dells")

 * "Song" in Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell (1846)
 * "Song" in The Complete Poems of Emily Brontë (1908)


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fugger

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Fugger


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Rh edge, and her head was sheltered from the burning sun by branches of ferns. Almost over her eyes—the lids of which were stiff with the salt of the ocean there hung a spray of white poppies. It was as though nature would be kind to her in death.

"At the sight of her face, so young, and having in it the purity and the peace of Heaven, we knelt down around her without a word, and for a while we could do nothing but weep. Surely nothing so spotless was ever washed ashore on this polluted island! If I sinned, I pray to be forgiven; but I found a strange joy in thinking that the corruption of this terrible disease had never been laid upon her. Heaven had accepted in advance her faithful spirit, and had spared her the long years of bodily suffering.

"At Father Damien's direction Brother Joseph returned to the village for a bier and for four lepers who should be strong enough to bear it. When they came we laid her on it, and bore her back to the village, where Mother Marianne took the body in charge and prepared it for burial.

"How shall I describe her funeral? The lepers were her pall-bearers. The news of the shipwreck had quickly spread throughout the settlement, and these simple, generous people yield themselves so readily to the emotion of the hour. When the time arrived, it seemed that all who could walk had come to follow her to the church-yard. It was a moving sight—the long, wavering train of that death-stricken throng, whose sufferings had so touched the pity of our Lord when he was on earth, and the desolation of whose fate she had come to lessen. There were the young and the old alike, Protestants and Catholics without distinction, children


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278 with their faces so strangely aged with ravages of the leprosy, those advanced in years with theirs so mutilated and marred. Others, upon whom the leprosy had made such advances that they were too weak to walk, sat in their cottage doors and lifted their husky voices in singing that wailing native hymn in which they bemoan their hopeless fate. Some of the women, after a fashion of their own, wore large wreaths of blue blossoms and green leaves about their withered faces.

"And it was thus that we lepers—I say we lepers because I am one of them, since I cannot expect long to escape the disease—it was thus that we lepers followed her to the graveyard in the rock by the blue sea, where Father Damien with his own hands had helped to dig her grave. And there, dear Mother, all that is mortal of her now rests. But we know that ere this she has heard the words: 'I was sick and ye visited me.'

"Mother Marianne would herself have written, but she was called away to the Leproserie.


text: Flute and Violin and Other Kentucky Tales and Romances/Sister Dolorosa


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Rh XXV

SONG

rider up Gobeloin's [sic] glen

Has spurred his straining steed,

And fast and far from living men

Has passed with maddening speed?

I saw his hoof-prints mark the rock,

When swift he left the plain;

I heard deep down the echoing shock

Re-echo back again.

From cliff to cliff, thro' rock and heath,

That coal-black courser bounds;

Nor heeds the river pent beneath,

Nor marks how fierce it sounds.

With streaming hair, and forehead bare

And mantle waving wide

His master rides; the eagle there

Soars up on every side;

The goats fly by with timid cry,

Their realm rashly won;

They pause—he still ascends on high—

They gaze, but he is gone.


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126 O gallant horse, hold on thy course;

The road is tracked behind.

Spur, rider, spur or vain thy force—

Death comes on every wind.

Roared thunder loud from that pitchy cloud?

From it the torrents flow?

Or wakes the breeze in the swaying trees

That frown so dark below?

He breathes at last, when the valley is past,

He rests on the grey rock's brow;

What ails thee, steed? At thy master's need,

Wilt thou prove faithless now?

No; hardly checked, with ears erect,

The charger champed his rein;

Ere his quivering limbs, all foam-flecked,

Were off like light again.

Hark! through the pass with threatening crash

Comes on the increasing roar!

But what shall brave the deep, deep waves

The deadly pass before?

Their feet are dyed in a darker tide,

Who dare those dangers drear.

Their breasts have burst through the battle's worst,

And why should they tremble here?


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Mr. Pierrepont has just been settled by his mother as a member, in good and regular standing, of the Freshman class.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Mr. Pierrepont has just been settled by his mother as a member, in good and regular standing, of the Freshman class.
 * }


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Rh Strong hearts they bear and arms as good,

To conquer or to fall;

They dash into the boiling flood,

They gain the rock's steep wall.

'Now, my brave men, this one pass more,

This narrow chasm of stone,

And Douglas for our sovereign's gore

Shall yield us back his own.'

I hear their ever-rising tread

Sound through the granite glen;

There is a tall pine overhead

Held by the mountain men.

That dizzy bridge which no horse could track

Has checked the outlaw's way;

There like a wild beast turns he back,

And grimly stands at bay.

Why smiles he so, when far below

He spies the toiling chase?

The pond'rous tree sways heavily,

And totters from its place.

They raise their eyes, for the sunny skies

Are lost in sudden shade;

But Douglas neither shrinks nor flies,

He need not fear the dead.


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8 Mr. Pierrepont's expense account has just passed under his father's eye, and has furnished him with a text for some plain particularities.
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at Harvard University.
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at Harvard University.
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at Harvard University.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8 Mr. Pierrepont finds Cambridge to his liking, and has suggested that he take a post-graduate course to fill up some gaps which he has found in his education.
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at Harvard University.
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at Harvard University.
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at Harvard University.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, head of the house of Graham & Co., at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont Graham, at the Waldorf-Astoria, in New York. Mr. Pierrepont has suggested the grand tour as a proper finish to his education.
 * }
 * John Graham, head of the house of Graham & Co., at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont Graham, at the Waldorf-Astoria, in New York. Mr. Pierrepont has suggested the grand tour as a proper finish to his education.
 * }


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Rh LXIV

SONG


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, head of the house of Graham & Co., at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont Graham, at Lake Moosgatchemawamuc, in the Maine woods. Mr. Pierrepont has written to his father withdrawing his suggestion.
 * }
 * John Graham, head of the house of Graham & Co., at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont Graham, at Lake Moosgatchemawamuc, in the Maine woods. Mr. Pierrepont has written to his father withdrawing his suggestion.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, en route to Texas, to Pierrepont Graham, care of Graham & Co., Union Stock Yards, Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has, entirely without intention, caused a little confusion in the mails, and it has come to his father's notice in the course of business.
 * }
 * John Graham, en route to Texas, to Pierrepont Graham, care of Graham & Co., Union Stock Yards, Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has, entirely without intention, caused a little confusion in the mails, and it has come to his father's notice in the course of business.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the Omaha Branch of Graham & Co., to Pierrepont Graham, at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont hasn't found the methods of the worthy Milligan altogether to his liking, and he has commented rather freely on them.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the Omaha Branch of Graham & Co., to Pierrepont Graham, at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont hasn't found the methods of the worthy Milligan altogether to his liking, and he has commented rather freely on them.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at Hot Springs, Arkansas, to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has just been promoted from the mailing to the billing desk and, in consequence, his father is feeling rather "mellow" toward him.
 * }
 * John Graham, at Hot Springs, Arkansas, to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has just been promoted from the mailing to the billing desk and, in consequence, his father is feeling rather "mellow" toward him.
 * }


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Rh LXVI

SONG

distress and pleasure

Fond affection cannot be!

Wretched hearts in vain would treasure

Friendship's joys when others flee.

Well I know thine eye would never

Smile when mine grieved willingly;

Yet I know thine eye for ever

Could not weep in sympathy.

Let us part; the time is over

When I thought and felt like thee;

I will be an ocean rover,

I will sail the desert sea.

Isles there are beyond its billow,

Lands where woe may wander free;

And beloved, thy midnight pillow

Will be soft unwatched by me.

Not on each returning morrow,

When thy heart bounds ardently,

Needst thou then dissemble sorrow,

Marking my despondency.


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at Hot Springs, Arkansas, to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has been investing more heavily in roses than his father thinks his means warrant, and he tries to turn his thoughts to staple groceries.
 * }
 * John Graham, at Hot Springs, Arkansas, to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has been investing more heavily in roses than his father thinks his means warrant, and he tries to turn his thoughts to staple groceries.
 * }


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324 Day by day some dreary token

Will forsake thy memory,

Till at last, all old links broken,

I shall be a dream to thee.


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at the Commercial House, Jeffersonville, Indiana. Mr. Pierrepont has been promoted to the position of traveling salesman for the house, and has started out on the road.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at the Commercial House, Jeffersonville, Indiana. Mr. Pierrepont has been promoted to the position of traveling salesman for the house, and has started out on the road.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at The Planters' Palace Hotel, at Big Gap, Kentucky. Mr. Pierrepont's orders are small and his expenses are large, so his father feels pessimistic over his prospects.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at The Planters' Palace Hotel, at Big Gap, Kentucky. Mr. Pierrepont's orders are small and his expenses are large, so his father feels pessimistic over his prospects.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at Little Delmonico's, Prairie Centre, Indiana. Mr. Pierrepont has annoyed his father by accepting his criticisms in a spirit of gentle, but most reprehensible, resignation.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at Little Delmonico's, Prairie Centre, Indiana. Mr. Pierrepont has annoyed his father by accepting his criticisms in a spirit of gentle, but most reprehensible, resignation.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, care of The Hoosier Grocery Co., Indianapolis, Indiana. Mr. Pierrepont's orders have been looking up, so the old man gives him a pat on the back—but not too hard a one.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, care of The Hoosier Grocery Co., Indianapolis, Indiana. Mr. Pierrepont's orders have been looking up, so the old man gives him a pat on the back—but not too hard a one.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at The Travelers' Rest, New Albany, Indiana. Mr. Pierrepont has taken a little flyer in short ribs on 'Change, and has accidentally come into the line of his father's vision.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at The Travelers' Rest, New Albany, Indiana. Mr. Pierrepont has taken a little flyer in short ribs on 'Change, and has accidentally come into the line of his father's vision.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at The Scrub Oaks, Spring Lake, Michigan. Mr. Pierrepont has been promoted again, and the old man sends him a little advice with his appointment.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, to his son, Pierrepont, at The Scrub Oaks, Spring Lake, Michigan. Mr. Pierrepont has been promoted again, and the old man sends him a little advice with his appointment.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=205 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the Schweitzerkasenhof, Karlsbad, Austria, to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has shown mild symptoms of an attack of society fever, and his father is administering some simple remedies.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the Schweitzerkasenhof, Karlsbad, Austria, to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has shown mild symptoms of an attack of society fever, and his father is administering some simple remedies.
 * }


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ireton, Ralph


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the London House of Graham & Co., to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has written his father that he is getting along famously in his new place.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the London House of Graham & Co., to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has written his father that he is getting along famously in his new place.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the London House of Graham & Co., to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont is worried over rumors that the old man is a bear on lard, and that the longs are about to make him climb a tree.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the London House of Graham & Co., to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont is worried over rumors that the old man is a bear on lard, and that the longs are about to make him climb a tree.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the New York house of Graham & Co., to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. The old man, on the voyage home, has met a girl who interests him and who in turn seems to be interested in Mr. Pierrepont.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the New York house of Graham & Co., to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. The old man, on the voyage home, has met a girl who interests him and who in turn seems to be interested in Mr. Pierrepont.
 * }


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 {| align=center width=200 cellpadding=8 cellspacing=8
 * John Graham, at the Boston House of Graham & Co., to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has told the old man "what's what" and received a limited blessing.
 * }
 * John Graham, at the Boston House of Graham & Co., to his son, Pierrepont, at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. Mr. Pierrepont has told the old man "what's what" and received a limited blessing.
 * }


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Irland, John


text:
Translation:Mikraot Gedolot/Psalms/3:5

Text
[With] my voice, to God I will call, and He answered me from the mountain of His Holiness. Selah.

Ibn Ezra
My voice

And the intention is: I will not come in war, But I will raise my voice in prayer.

From the mountain of His Holiness

Because of the Ark which was in Zion, it was called the mountain of holiness. And this was before the matter of Araunah, the Jebusite.

מ"ג תהלים ג ה

title: Translation:Mikraot Gedolot/Psalms/3:5


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Irland, Robert


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Irving, Paulus Æmilius


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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Irwin, Eyles


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 vestry can then be asked for a grant, and they can apply to the Metropolitan Board of Works for a further grant. In the case of St. George's-in-the-East £1,200 was voted by the vestry, and £3,000 by the Metropolitan Board of Works. This was of course a specially expensive scheme, the churchyard itself being large, and the freehold of adjoining ground, which was formerly a burial-ground belonging to dissenters, having to be absolutely bought. The expense in the case of the Drury Lane ground was about £160; the vestry became responsible for the whole, but hope the neighbouring parishes and private persons will help. It appears to me that the vestries should in the first instance be applied to, though doubtless private people would gladly help if necessary.

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 co-operate with him, and has made a public garden of the churchyard of St. George's-in-the-East. He obtained the hearty co-operation of his parishioners, and the place bears the stamp of being one in which they feel they all have a share. I believe the churchwarden gave the fountain, and the vestry, instead of having to be urged on to spend more, actually ordered 24,000 bulbs this spring, in their enthusiasm to make the place bright and pretty! The high wall covered with spikes, which separated the church from the dissenting burial-ground, has been pulled down, and the whole thrown into one. The ground has been laid out with grass, flower-beds, broad gravel walks, and plenty of seats have been placed there. The day I was last there, there were many people in the garden, one or two evidently convalescents. The ground was in perfect order, a gardener and one man being in attendance; but the people, though evidently of the lower class, were clearly impressed with a feeling


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330 LXX

LINES


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 Rh set at definance the decrees of the judiciary, just so long you will have to take care of yourselves, and lucky to "be able to do it. The responsibility that he is assuming is fearful; and to make it as bad as possible, there was no necessity for it, no matter what his opinions might be, for a governor has no right to an opinion on a law after it has been acted upon by the Supreme Court. He still has the power, as an engineer has to blow up his passengers, but he does not blow them up for all that, except by accident. I suppose the bread of two thousand people has been denied them by the folly or wickedness of this one wrong-headed man."

After the death of Augustine several of his children made arrangements to come to Burleigh with their families to board during the summer months. This was not only a source of material aid to their uncle, but it brought back the old delightful intercourse between the two families. This had been interrupted, as well by other unavoidable circumstances of life as by Thomas's poverty. Four happy summers were spent in this manner at Burleigh. But the latter part of the first summer (1878) was a sad time all over the South. The yellow fever was raging in many of the cities and towns. Late in August a suspicious sickness appeared at Dry Grove. As this little village was situated in a healthful part of the country, and as there was a theory that the fever could not reach it, the people felt no alarm. The following letters were written by Thomas at this period.

" 31st August, 1878.

"D,—In view of the pestilence that has broken out at Dry Grove, I wish you to bring your wife and Nellie here immediately. You have not a moment to lose. . ..

"My carriage will be moving the rectory family this morning, and when it completes that job will bring yours.

"Don't hesitate, as the loss of a day may cost you


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 276 your life. I will tell you how you can manage the post-office.

"Most truly your friend,

", 7th September, 1878.

"Mrs. Governor Brown's servant-girl, Eliza, as you will remember, went to Canton a year or so ago. She returned to her old home about two weeks ago, and died of yellow fever or some kindred disease in the course of four to six days. Four days after her death the governor was taken ill. Three or four days after that Edward went to Terry, and, hearing of the governor's illness, went directly to see him. He found him very ill, and announced to Mrs. Brown his intention to remain with him. But she positively refused to allow this, and he came home and told us of it, and added that he would immediately return. This Mrs. Brown probably expected, but would not allow him to wait on the governor without first obtaining my sanction. She raised no objection to his remaining after his return. He was to have written to us by every mail, but five days passed without a line from him or from any one there. Mr. Douglas then went to see after them, and found Edward with the highest fever on and the reddest face he had ever seen. . . . We had a terrible scare about the Dry Grove people a week ago. It seems that two of the men there, in order to deepen the pond on which the little mill at Dry Grove depends for water, cut the dam and drew off the little water that was in it, and then turned in to drag out the mud. The stench was described by Dr. West as terrific. In three days half of the inhabitants were flat on their backs, some of them ill. Nearly all of Mr. Douglas's family were sick. In this exigency I wrote to Mrs. Douglas (Mr. Douglas having left home that morning, but to return in the evening) to lose no time about it, but to send one of the Castons immediately for my carriage and to bring her whole flock here. I said they could


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Rh LXXI

LINES

soft unclouded blue of air,

The earth as golden, green, and fair,

And bright as Eden's used to be,

That air and earth have rested me,

Laid on the grass I lapsed away,

Sank back again to childhood's day;

All harsh thoughts perished, memory mild

Subdued both grief and passion wild.

But did the sunshine even now

That bathed his stern and swarthy brow,

Oh did it wake—I long to know—

One whisper, one sweet dream in him,

One lingering joy that years ago

Had faded—lost in distance dim?

That iron man was born like me,

And he was once an ardent boy;

He must have felt in infancy

The glory of a summer sky.

Though storms untold his mind has tossed,

He cannot utterly have lost

Remembrance of his early home—

So lost that not a gleam may come.


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332 No vision of his mother's face

When she so fondly mild set free

Her darling child from her embrace

To roam till eve at liberty.

Nor of his haunts, nor of the flowers,

His tiny hand would grateful bear,

Returning from the darkening bowers,

To weave into her glossy hair.

I saw the light breeze kiss his cheek,

His fingers 'mid the roses twined;

I watched to mark one transient streak

Of pensive softness shade his mind.

The open window showed around

A glowing park and glorious sky,

And thick woods swelling with the sound

Of nature's mingled harmony.

Silent he sat. That stormy breast

At length I said has deigned to rest;

At length above that spirit flows

The waveless ocean of repose.

Let me draw near, 'twill soothe to view

His dark eyes dimmed with holy dew;

Remorse even now may wake within

And half unchain his soul from sin.


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 Rh take possession of the two rooms in the library building, where they might keep house according to their own taste; for they would have to bring their own bedding, cooking utensils, and provisions, and do regular 'camping out' except for the tents. Mr. Douglas returned home in time to bring Mrs. Douglas and provisions, etc., that afternoon, Miss Carrie and the children having preceded them in my carriage. All of the children, or nearly all, were pouring down quinine at three to four hours' intervals, and Miss Carrie had to be taken up bodily and placed in the carriage, and two of the children got up from sick-beds. The change in their condition is remarkable. They all appeared to be as well as possible on the morning after their arrival here, and Miss Carrie appears to be as well as I ever saw her. I have suggested to Mr. Douglas that all hands had best remain here through September and get a good stock of health, as they are not in my way in the least. I think they will stay, although he made no reply. I also invited Hugh Stewart to bring (I to send for them) his wife and Nelly, as we would squeeze them in somewhere, but they declined, feeling, as we suppose, too poor to leave their property—fowls, etc.—to be stolen in their absence. You cannot imagine how grateful they are. Nelly stayed here the night before last and thanked me in tears. ... I neglected saying in its proper place that Mr. Douglas left here yesterday morning with instructions from me to telegraph to Tom to come immediately to the assistance of his brother and the governor, if, after seeing them and consulting Edward and Mrs. Brown, that step should be deemed necessary. The first thing I wished to know from Mr. Douglas last night was, had he telegraphed for Tom, and I never heard the word no with so much delight."

A part of the following letter also bears on this time:

"If I undertake to say much of my dear and honored uncle, it will necessarily be a repetition of what others can say much more ably than I, so I will endeavor to confine myself to a few lines.


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Rh Perhaps this is the destined hour

When Hell shall lose its fatal power,

And Heaven itself shall bend above

To hail the soul redeemed by love.

Unmarked I gazed, my idle thought

Passed with the ray whose shine it caught ;

One glance revealed how little care

He felt for all the beauty there.

Oh ! crime can make the heart grow old

Sooner than years of wearing woe,

Can turn the warmest bosom cold

As winter wind or polar snow.

Printed by T. and A., Printers to His Majesty at the Edinburgh University Press


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 drunkard, and pawned the boots at once and drank the money; or perhaps the man was a drunkard neglecting his home, and the needs of it, which should have been the means of recalling him to his duties, he finds partially met by you and me and others; or perhaps the clergy have seen that the poor woman cannot support the children and her husband, who is much too ill to find work, and have felt that if she and they are not to die of starvation they must go into the workhouse, for it is the only means of getting enough for them; charity, not being organised in the district, cannot undertake to do all that is wanted for them, and so had better do nothing. For gifts so given may raise false hopes which you and I, now pleasantly enjoying ourselves, never think of. Because we went in and gave those boots, because others like us gave coal-tickets and soup-tickets last winter, what may not turn up? the poor woman asks herself. That gambling, desperate spirit enters into her heart,