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30 It would easily come from Bada C 455 the belly, the abdomen, with Polynesian an suffixed = Badan, which would indicate „what had a belly”. The Sundas more generally use Awak for the body, yet still say Badan Semporna a faultless body, safe and sound, and some other similar expressions. In Pantuns Badan Si Nyai is generally the chief female personage of the story, (بدن badan is undoubtedly introduced from the Arabic; the original Polynesian word is awak, which occurs also in Javenese, Balinese and Malay. Fr.).

Badar, the young offish, small fry. The term is also fondly and playfully applied to children. Crawfurd gives Adar, aged, advanced in years. Our word would form from this with Be = Badar, being of some age, not old but still advanced from primative nascence.

Bade, to guess, to divine; to offer to be, to have a pre-appearance of- chik badé, try and guess. Badé na gedé, he offers to become great, he looks as if he would grow large.

Badega, a servant, an attendant, mostly a young lad.

Badi, ulterior meaning, what any line of conduct may lead to; the result. Budak tonyaho di badi a child who does not know what may be the result, a child who is easily taken in.

Badi-badi, a short dagger, much worn in the girdle or belt.

Badis, assuredly, oh that's the way! a term of surprise.

Baditu, still further on, beyond some object indicated.

Badiyadari, a celestial nymph. This word is used for the Huri of the Mohammedans. Widyadhara, C. 648, derived from Widya a magical pill, Dhara who holds- a Demigod of a particular order supposed to be attainable by magical rites and incantations. The Sunda Badiyadari is evidently the feminine of the above words of Clough, which with final a and thus in a masculine shape is never heard in the Sunda language, whereas the female shape with final i is very common.

Badiyo, on this side, nearer the speaker than some other object indicated.

Badodon, a small temporary Saäpan, set to catch fish when Tuba has been used, see Bedodon.

Badog, to steal, to purloin- a coarse expression.

Badong, a variety of fish trap set in rapids, resembles a large cylinder made of bambu, with one end tapering to a point.

Badong, a country so called on Bali. It projects into the Southern ocean like a fish trap


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Rh of this name, and a very rapid current runs through the adjacent straits. So that the circumstances favor the interpretation which might be given to it from our Sunda Badong.

Badori, Calotropis gigantea, a shrub which produces a pod, containing a fibre like cotton. It is sometimes called apu-apuan which see. It is called in Malay Biduri see Marsden Page 59.

Badot, a rancid, stinking he-goat.

Badui, a small tribe of heathens living among the mountains of South Bantam, who have hitherto resisted the adoption of Mohammedanism. Bedawi, arabic-rustic; a clown, a Beduin or inhabitant of the Arabian desert. The Bedui of Bantam do not give themselves this name, but it is applied to them by their Mahomedan neighbours. The Badui call themselves after villages, and have no general name to designate their race. (Arabic بدوي bedewî or baduî campestris. Meninski).

Bagal, the root end of any member where it joins upon the body, that part of a plant where it comes out of the ground. Bagal tepus the stump end of a těpus plant. Bagal buntut sapi the root end of a cow's tail.

Bagalén, name of a Residency in the middle of Java, and adjoining the South Coast.

Bhaga, C 485, fame, glory, knowledge; the absence of passion, the tranquillity of the religious man who has divested himself of all worldly excitability; omnipotence or supreme power; virtue, moral merit, final emancipation. Ali, C. 65. a race or family.

 * , the race of Devotees.

 * =, the abode of the race of Devotees. These districts were formerly probably the abode of holy refugees from India. They had in this position the Prawn mountains immediatly to the north of them, and the grand temples of Prambanan. Boro Budur and so many others in the districts adjoining them on the East. See Bagawanta and Serayu. (In the Mahratta country is a district Baglana. Cf. Lassen Ind. Alt. I. p. 148. N. 2).

Bagawan or Bhagawan, a title given to all spiritual persons on Bali. Friederich Bat. Trans, vol 23 p. 8. The word is also used in Ceylon, and in Clough 2 vol. page 486 is Bhagawantan, one of the names or generic terms of a Buddha.

Bagawanta, called according to the peculiarity of Javanese pronunciation Bogowonto. It is the river which runs between the residency of Bagalen and Jogjakarta.

 * see voce Bagalen.

 * , C. 621 subjugated, possessive of.

 * The river subjugated to, or possessive of Bhaga. This river is still in so far held sacred, that no prince of Java blood may or dare cross it, and its presence often caused to Dipo Negoro and those of the blood royal much trouble in the Java war of 1825/30.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ogilvy, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ogilvy, Patrick


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32 Bagědur, the soft centre of a plantain tree near the root, sometimes eaten.

Bagěr, upright, good, sincere; serviceable- a term of wonder. Jélema bager, an upright good man, a man in his right senses- Kayu na bager kénéh, the wood is still serviceable, still sound and good. Lain bager, how wonderful- how strange: literally, otherwise than upright or sincere. Nu bager, you d'ont mean it, can it be really so.

Bagi, to divide, to share, to allot, to portion out. Kudu di bagi you must divide it.
 * Bāgaya, C. 467, a part, a portion, a half. Bāga, C. 467 and Bhaga, C. 490 part, portion, share. (Skr. bhāgya, to be portioned or divided).

Bagia, the fated luck of any individual, either for good or for evil. Fortunate, happy, lucky. Bhaga, C. 485, fortune, prosperity, happiness. Bhagaya, the final ya is an adjective constructive form. Bhagya, G. 490, destiny, fortune, luck. Bāgya. C. 467. good luck. (The same as the preceding, which means also in Skr. destiny, fortune.)

Bagian, portion, share, division. Bagian kula ma saheutik my share is only a little, (bhâgja-an).

Baginda, a designation, an appellative for a person of royal birth, either male or female. His Majesty, His Highness. Probably derived from Bagei in Malay, as, like, resembling, and Endah, good, excellent- Bagei- Endah = Baginda. Ali the son in law of Mohammad, and fourth Caliph is always called Bagind’ Ali, His Highness Ali. (see Note 3).

Bagong, swine, a wild pig.

Bagus, handsome, pretty, of good quality, welldone.

Bagus, a title given to illegitimate sons of native princes, when they are generally called „To Bagus“, which is probably a contraction of Ratu bagus. As To Bagus Buang was a celebrated rebel in the Bantam territories in the middle of the last century, and was an illegitimate son of one of the Sultans of Bantam, (cf. agus).

Bahan, a plank, a board.

Bahas, drooping and dead.

Bahé, to pour out, to spill, spilled. The etymon of this word is Bah which alone does not occur in Sunda, though it is probably heard in Sawah, Wahangan. In malay it means a flood, inundation. Wāhinawā, C 641, to pour, to shed. Wahinawā, C 633- to rain.

Bahěula, formerly, originally; original, ancient.

Bahěuman, to gobble up, to swallow, often in an uncooked state.

Bahu, see Bauh, a measure of land. Baha C 633 from Baha to bear, the shoulder of an ox, any vehicle or means of conveyance; bearing, conveying. Bāha C. 640 a carriage, a conveyance; a carrier, a porter- the arm (21).


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Rh Bai, only, just, simply- a favourite and familiar interjection. Siji bai, only one: Kadiyo bai, just come here. Hadé bai, very good. (See Note 2).

Baiawak, a kind of guana- an animal of the lizard tribe- In malay it is Béwak. (At Batavia benjawak and menjawak).

Bainat, evident, apparent to every one, a clear result.

Baiombong, a house centipede, found among old thatch, a couple of inches long, and with venomous sting.

Bait-ullah, ar: the house of God- the Kabah or sacred Temple at Mecca.

Bajag, Pirates, sea-rovers.

Bajirah, as Karang bajirah, a variety of limestone which is blue and very hard.

Bajirah, a variety of white ant which is luckily scarcer, but is more destructive than the common Rinyu. It is found more under cover, or in buildings. It is long in the body, and milk white with small red jaws. It will sometimes even creep up between the plaster and brick work of a wall to commit its depredations. It never builds up houses or passages of earth like the common Rinyu or white ant. It is a variety of Termes. Wajra C 616 a thunderbolt in general, or the thunderbolt of Indra-crystal, glass- Hard, impenetrable, adamantine. Perhaps both the limestone and ant have their origin or their name in this word. The former from its hardness, and the latter from eating their way through every thing.

Bajogol, a liane which is very serviceable in tying up the wood of dams in rivers, as it endures a long time. The root is of a yellowish colour and stinks.

Baka, mangroves, a particular kind of tree growing in Saltwater.

Bakakas, tools, implements, utensils. Furniture, moveables. Chattels. (Malay: pakakas).

Bakal, the raw material; the rough stuff to be worked up. To promise or have the appearance of. Bakal luhur, it will become high. Bakal goréng éta, that will turn out- badly. (As a verb it is an auxiliary indicating the future time Fr ).

Bakatul, the fine bran obtained in pounding rice clean. It is often baked in leaves and eaten, and as such is called Pais bakatul.

Bako, Tobacco- Nicotiana Narcotica, called also Tambako. To bogah bako, I have got no tobacco. The name betrays its introduction by Europeans, probably by the early Portuguese.

Bakti, good and meritorious actions in obedience to the word of God. Ngabakti, to do good actions, to do what a man's faith or religion requires. Bhakti, C. 485, faith, fidelity, devotion, worship, adoration. (Skr. the same).

Baku, a turn, a rotation, an assigned day or period for the performance of any work or duty.

Bakul, a large basket, such as used in Rice mills.

Bakung, a kind of lily with white flowers. Crinum asiaticum.


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34 Bakutrak, the fourth consecutive year of planting the same humah field.

Bala, people, subjectssubjects [sic], attendants, privates in an army. Ratu to bogah bala, a Prince without followers or subjects. Ari daik prang kudu mawa bala loba, if you want to make war, you ought to bring many followers. Bala, C. 462, an army, forces, a man, a male. (Skr. bala, strength, power; an army, forces. bâla, an infant, a child; infantine; unwise, uninstructed. Wilson).

Bala, overgrown with brush wood and grass, obstructed with vegetation. Said of a plantation which is not properly weeded.

Balabar, to get spread abroad by report or tradition.

Balachang, a superior variety of Délan or Trasi. It is of a yellowish colour and made of the choice of materials from which Délan is made. Balachang admits of the interpretation Bala, C. 462, strength, power; young. The young part of what is vile. The stuff stinks. Chan, C 191. vile, base.

Baladah, to break ground, to begin a piece of work in the soil; to clear the ground for any work.

Baladahan, to make a commencement- to begin work in the ground.

Baladéwa, C 462, from Bala strength, and Déwa, divine; a deity so called, according to Hindu mythology; he was the elder brother of Krishna, and the third of the incarnations termed Rama.

Balai, an ancient and sacred spot, for making offerings and prayers. They are frequently found on mountain tops throughout the country, and are often still held in some degree of awe by the natives. Baléyan, C. 469 fit or proper for sacrifice. This is very likely the etymon of our Sunda word Balai, and it has penetrated into the Pacific, where the Malai is well known, or was so when the islands were first discoverd by Europeans, as a place of religious observances. In mariners Tonga Islands London 1818- in the vocabulary occurs "Malai, a piece of ground, generally, before a large house, or chief's grave, where public ceremonies are principally held”.
 * Bālā, C. 469 is pure, clean, free from blemish, or defilement; fit to be offered- and Bālā-ya = Balai would be the object fit to be offered, or the offering. It is strange that this Sanscrit word, or its modification should have found its way into the distant Pacific islands (22).

Balambangan, the ancient name of the district now called Banyuwangi, at the East end of Java. The word is probably derived from Balang, to throw away, as it was used as a place of banishment by the ancient native princes of Java, and even now the Dutch


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Rh government have a penal settlement there for convicts, who are employed rearing Cochineal.

Balanak, a variety of sea fish, very good in flavour, but very full of fine bones. Mugil Sundanensis. A mullet.

Balandongan, a place to keep or pile timber in- an open shed to store timber in.

Balang, to throw, to cast, to fling.

Balangan, to throw at, to aim at with any missile.

Balangkěn, to throw or cast any object, as a stone or stick.

Balangsiar, to stroll or go about, raising the wind, or seeking the means of subsistance, or the necessaries of life.

Balanja, hire, cost, expense, disbursements, money for current expenses, pocket-money, wages, maintenance.

Balas, an eruption, or breaking out of pustules on the skin.

Balasawajar, an expression difficult to translate, answering to-D`ont tell me; do you think I am such a fool as to believe you.

Balawiri, to wander or go backwards and forwards to the same place.

Balé, a public building in every village, that serves for a mosque or place of worship, and it is here also that all strangers unknown to the inhabitants are lodged and fed. The Balé is probably of very ancient use, as it is still known as a petty Hindu temple on Bali. Bat. Trans. vol 22 Page 33/34. (It is the same as Balai; which see).

Balédog, to throw at, to strike at, to thwack, to thump.

Balég, ar: adult, marriageable, grown up to puberty- longing after the opposite sex.

Balén, turn, time. Sa balén, once, one time. Tilu balén, three times.

Balěs, to return, to retaliate, to have revenge; to fly back as a spring or bent stick; such spring itself. Bales surat to answer a letter. Panghadéan kula di bales ku goréng, my goodness is requited with evil. Ari sia sok jahil, mohal to di balĕs, if you are malicious, you are sure to be retaliated upon. Bales na bejad, the spring is spoiled.

Bali, the island next to Java on the East, where the Hindu religion found refuge, and continued to be observed after the fall of majaphahit on Java, and the consequent introduction of Mohammedanism. A sort of Hinduism still exists on Bali. Mr. Friederich considers that the word Bali is of the same origin as Bantam, which see- and fancies that Bali was a sort of holy land of the Panditas, devoted to religious purposes and offerings, which in short the word implies. Bāléyan, C. 469 fit or proper for sacrifice. The word in its origin is no doubt the same as the Sunda word Balai-which see.

Bali, the after-birth, the placenta.

Balibat, a word heard in the names of some ancient divinities. The Badui have a divinity called Dalam Balibat Jaya. Bali- see voce. Bata, C. 455 descent, going down, descent from a height. The west- Bali-bata may be thus ,,brought down by sacrifices, by of-


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36 „ferings“ — and the whole set of words will be „The Dalam who is illustrious brought „down by offerings”. (23)..

Balik, to return, to go back. Geus balik, he has gone or come back.

Balik, the reverse, the other side, the back of any thing. Di balik lawang behind the door- Di balik na, on the other side of it.

Balikan, to return to the attack; to go over again, as work.

Balikkĕn, to send back, to drive back, to return, to put back.

Balimbing, an acid fruit, Averrhoa Carambola.

Balimbing bĕusi, another variety of averrhoa.

Baliyung, the native axe or hatchet; it has no shafthole, but the top is spindle shaped, allowing it to be set in its socket, at any angle. This is the native axe or hatchet, which is probably made after the model of stone axes, before iron was known. The shaft has a bit of the wood at right angles, at one end, for which purpose a piece of wood with its root has been selected. Round this projecting head- piece is fixed a bit of buffaloe hide, sewed together with thongs, which are also cut out of hide; and between the hide- cap and the wood, the head of the axe, which is a long spike of iron, is driven in. This spike turns round with a good knock, sideways and so the blade can be easily set at any angle to the shaft, and form, as may be desired, an axe or even a cooper's adze; and when set at any intermediate point, is found very useful for dubbing down wood.

Balla, European- a ball, the dance of Europeans. Main bala to dance.

Balok, a beam, a piece of timber. A rude representative of coin formerly used by the Dutch, being the end of a rod of Japan copper cut off in equal lengths and stamped. Balk, Dutch- a Beam.

Balong, to keep a sawah constantly under water, even at times when no crop is growing, which is thought to improve the land.

Baluk, small boats used on the rivers in the residency of Bantam, for the purpose of conveying merchandise.

Balumbang, a pool of water; the muddy pool which is always seen under the steps into a native house, caused by the washing of the feet.

Balung, a bone.

Baluntas, a shrubby herb growing near the sea shore, Pluchea indica.

Bamban, also pronounced sometimes Bangban. A Scitameneous plant, Maranta Tonchat or Maranta Indica, from which Arrow-root is made.

Bambung, a large Coleopterous beetle often found about cocoanut trees.


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Rh Ban, a band, a belt with a clasp worn round the body- Ban, C. 458 tying, fastening, binding.

Banaspati, the genius or genii who preside over forests and their trees. Wanaspati, from Wana, forest; Pati, lord, C. 621- the Forest lord. (Known also on Bali as a devil.)

Banchang, drawn of work, or usual occupations, unhinged, attention diverted.

Banchét, a small and active variety of frog, common in Sawahs.

Banda, property, capital, means, riches; the prime cost. Bhanda, C. 486. Capital, stock of money to trade with. Probably means literally „what is tied together”- from Bandinawa, to tie. (Bandha, Skr. a band, binding, tying; a pledge, a deposit; the body Wilson).

Banda, The island of Banda in the Moluccos.

Bandar, a chief town, or trading place, a factory, an Emporium. Bhandagaraya, C. 491, from Bhanda, a vessel, a cup &c. Capital, stock. Agara, a house, a storeroom, a place where household goods; and utensils are kept. A treasury. Probably corrupted into our short Bandar.

Bandaran, a custom house, a place at the mouth of a river where toll is taken.

Bandé Agung, the reception hall of a great man.

Banděng, a sea-fish, much kept in ponds near the shore.

Banděng, name of an Arěui or liane in forests- see Katalimběng.

Bandera, a flag, a banner. Portuguese. Marsden P. 50.

Bandil, a kind of pronged spear used by the police to take violent subjects; it is shaped like the letter Y, and the prongs being set with inverted rattan thorns, tear the flesh if escape be attempted.

Banding, to place next some other object; to compare by juxta position.

Bandrék, a warm drink, made of ginger, pepper &c.

Bandring, a sling to throw stones.

Bandung, two together, double, as two hens laying in one nest. The Etymon of this word may be Bandhu C. 459, from Bandha to bind, a kinsman, a relation, but especially of the distant or cognate kind. The Polynesian final ng has been suffixed. A friend, a brother.

Bandung, name of one of the divisions of the Prianger Regencies.

Baněn, a hog, a swine; a term of reproach.

Bang, properly Javanese, of a red colour; Kain bang, a red batik cloth.

Banga, a character in ancient Javanese history, connected with the foundation of Majapahit and Pajajaran, see Raffles vol 2 P. 100/104. He is usually called Ariya Banga. On quarrelling with his brother Chiung Wanara, the empire of Java was divided; Ariya Bang'a with his brother Raden Tanduran founding Majapahit, leaving Chiung Wanara in possession of Pajajaran or the west end of Java. Banga C. 486. breaking.


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38 splitting, a fissure, a division, a chasm; defeat, discomfiture. This name probably attached to him from the splitting of the royal authority in Java.

Bang'ang'ah, gasping and blowing for breath, as on ascending a hill. The etymon of this word is ang which appears to imply apart, separated, but is not used separately; it occurs in Anggang, and Bung'ang'ang- which see.

Bang'at, with force, with violence, excessively, beyond moderation in an extreme degree-severe- Bang'at teuyn di gebugan, you strike him too severely. Maréntah jélema ulah sok bang'at teuyn, in ordering people d'ont be too severe.

Bangbaluhan, a log of wood tied to the neck of a buffaloe or other animal, to prevent its fighting or goring the others.

Bangban, see Bamban, name of a plant- Maranta Tonchat.

Bangbang, an expression used with reference to the Eastern points of the Compass. The word is probably a derivative from the Javanese word abang red, and being duplicated will indicate the ruddiness of the East or of the rising sun.

Bangbang Siang, the break of day, dawn, the East. Siang is Malay for early or day light, and is not otherwise heard in Sunda than in this expression.

Bangbang wétan, the East, sun- rise.

Bangbara, a black bulky kind of humble bee or Bombus, with sharp jaws which bores holes and nestles in timber. These insects are especially troublesome in buildings made of common jungle wood, most of which they will attack, if the wood has been cut when young. The insect is familiarly called „the Carpenter”, and in Malay is Kumbang.

Bangbét, one of the chief divinities of the Badui. The word occurs in the sense of a divinity in several jampés.

Bangka, dead, said particularly of cattle that have died in the wilderness without the knowledge of owners, and arare [sic] thus not fit for food.

Bangka, the island of Banca, celebrated for its tin. (wangka, Skr. the bend, or elbow of a river, the winding course of a stream. Might the island have been called after the currents of the sea about? Fr.).

Bangka, heard in the expression Tuwa bangka, an old obstinate or malicious person. Bangka is probably a contraction of Bangkawara.

Bangkawara, malicious, bad, wicked, perverse, naughty, acting contrary to orders. Bhanga, C. 480. fear, dishonesty, fraud, circumvention, cheating. Wara, C. 638. opposition: thus fraudulent opposition. (Might be derived from wangka, and wara best, chief, principal; meaning a person whose chief quality is bending and winding himself? Fr).


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ogilvy, Walter


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Rh Bangkayut, the straw of the ear part of paddy, after the grain has been removed.

Bangkol, a hook, a crook.

Bangkong, a toad. Batu bangkong, a trachyte stone or rock.

Bangkong, as Ki Bangkong, a large forest tree with hard, heavy wood.

Bangku, Portuguese Banco- a bench, a form, a sofa.

Bangkulu, Bencoolen in Sumatra. Bangka-hulu, old-Bangka Fr.).

Bangkwang, a white round root, something like a garden turnip, generally eaten raw. Pachyrrhizus angulatus.

Bang'o, a bird of the stork kind, with black body and white breast. Sometimes called by the Dutch the Domine, the Parson, in allusion to his wearing a small white band at his neck, and being otherwise dressed in black. Ciconia capillata. Called also Bango Sésér.

Bang'o butak, the bald Bang'o, from having no feathers on its head. It is larger than the simple Bango. The adjutant bird. Ciconia.

Bang'or, obstinate, self-willed, naughty. Hardy, as a plant or animal.

Bangsa, race, family, tribe. Nobility, of high or noble descent. Wansa, C. 614. race, lineage, family.

Bangsa-an, having noble descent, being of good family. Made in Malay into Bangsawan. (The Malay bangsawan in is rather the Nominative case of bangsawat, possessing a lineage Fr.)

Bangsal, Paddy still in the husk but beaten out from straw.

Bangsal, a marine store house, a Banksaul- we do not hear this word in the interior, nor is it now a days in use along the coasts of Java, but exists wherever the native governments are still in force as in Ball It is most likely derived from Bandha, C. 459, a pledge, a deposit, a tie, a fetter, a binding. Sala, C. 719, a house or hall. Bandha-sala would thus be a hall of deposit, and thus of safety for foreign traders. When foreign traders landed their goods in such a building, it was a kind of pledge for their good conduct, and that they would and could pay for any produce, which they might engage.

Bang'si, a clarionette, blown from the end.

Bang'un, appearance, shape, make, form. Bang'un na bagus, its shape is beautiful.

Bang'unan, a set, an assortmant. Goōng tilu bang'unan, three sets of Gongs, with other accompanying musical instruments.

Bang'us, the muzzle, the mouth of an animal.

Bantahan, to resist, to oppose, to rebel, to act contrary to orders in Malay Bantah-Marsden 49 to wrangle, dispute, contest, squabble, quarrel in words: and Perbantahan. M. 217. disputes, contention. Some people wish to trace the origin of Bantan on Java to this word Bantahan, contracted into Bantan, as indicating a rebellious, disobedient people, which character they generally possess.


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40 Bantal, a sleeper for any thing to rest on. The lower part of a Chinese plough; the part to which the iron shoe is fixed.

Bantan, the present residency of Bantam, at the west end of Java. The Javanese and Dutch Dictionary of T. Roorda published at Amsterdam in 1847 gives this word Bantan, as implying-instrument, means; an offering. In Balinese Banten is an offering; and Bantenan are collective offerings. Mr. Friederich considers Bantĕn, to be a Krama or refined form for Bali, which by Clough's dictionary, Page 463 implies, Propitiatory offerings, religious gifts or sacrifice- which meaning Mr. F. is of opinion would apply to the island of Bali, since the same meaning attaches to the word Bali in Sanscrit. Mr. F. fancies that Bali was a sort of holy land of the Panditas, devoted to religious purposes and offerings, for which same purpose Bantĕn had originally been employed, but as such was destroyed by Hassan Udin, on the introduction of Mohammedanism. Other words in Javanese make a transfiguration as strange as Bali = Bantĕn, as for instance Kari = Kantun. T. Roorda, Page 172, to remain over; a remainder. Kirim = Kintun. T. Roorda Page 180. to send; any thing sent.

Bantar, a fall in the course of a river where the water runs over a smooth bottom, and even surface.

Bantat, an hermaphrodite.

Banténg, the wild cattle, the wild bull. Found amongst the mountains, or in lonely forests in the Sunda districts. The bulls are handsome animals, sleek and black with noble horns; the cows are inferior animals and fawn- coloured.

Banting, to knock, to dash, to fling with violence one thing against another; to got a jolt, to shake, to joggle.

Bantu, to assist, to aid, to help.

Bantut, stunted, of small growth.

Banu, the sun: occurs in ancient lore as Banu raksa. Banu C. 468. the Sun. Bhanu, C. 491 from Bhā to shine, the sun, light, a ray of light, a master, a sovereign, a Prince. Banu- raksa, protected by the sun. Sun-protected.

Banyak Wĕdi, the name of a character in the ancient history of Java. Raffles vol 2. Page 98. It means in Javanese Banyak, a goose- Wedi afraid, frightened. As an infant he was thrown away into the Krawang river in order to get rid of him, but being saved by a fisherman, was restored when grown up, and became Sovereign of Pajajaran, under the title of Chiung Wanara. The name of the „Frightened Goose” has no doubt reference to his having been cast a drift on the river.

Banyat, to come out or up from the water, or from a river- to emerge.

Banyuan, from Banyu in Javanese, water. To wash, to cleanse with water.

Banyumas, a residency on the South coast of Java to the Eastward of the Priangan Regencies;— Golden water”.

Banyuwangi, an assistentassistant [sic] Residency at the extreme East end of Java; the words mean


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Rh in Javanese „Scented water” — Here was formerly the old state of Balambangan.

Bapa, Father- Papa- Bapa. C. 459 a father.

Bapang, a metal plate worn on the breast of police- men, or other petty officials as a mark of authority.

Bapang, a variety of Mangga so called.

Bar, an idiomatic expression indicating- „pouring out” — is usually associated with Bur which see, and which means Bar in a greater degree. Bar when associated with Ber means to keep flying, flying about.

Bar-bĕr, said of birds or bats which keep flitting or flying around any place; flying backwards and forwards.

Bar-bur, to keep pouring out.

Bara, glowing cinders, embers, live coals.

Barabat, proceeding in a straight line, forthwith, right on.

Barahala, some mystical being, anidol- Bāra- C. 468, charge, custody- Bara. C. 461, important, of consequence. Hala C. 788 venom, poison of serpents. Halāhala, a sort of poison, a kind of snake. Barahala will thus be „Venom-loaded” and will denote some malignant being. (Malay برهال; Inscriptions of Malang bharâla, seems to be the same as bhatâra, in Tagaly bhatála; with the cerebral t, which is nearly related to r Fr.).

Barahma, usually called Batara Barahma, apparently the God Brama which see- occurs in Jampés and invocations.

Barai, to pay, to make a payment.

Baralak, the dead leaf branch of a Cocoa nut tree, which has withered and dried up.

Baralak, as kuda baralak, said of a horse which has a tail which sticks out stiff and rigid. Cock-tailed.

Baranang, glittering, shining, as lamps or lights in the night, as burnished gold or silver.

Baranda, Port: Varanda. A Varandah, the open gallery of a European's house.

Barandi, European. Brandy.

Barang, goods, effects, particularly apparel, househouldhousehold [sic] goods or things for Sale.

Barang, an idiomatic expression, as Barang Sapuluh, about ten; To barang nanya, I did not chance to enquire.

Barangasan, violent in conduct, furious, easily enraged, petulant in speech.

Barangbang, the leaf frond of the Bettle nut and Cocoa nut palm, when dried up and turned red it falls from the tree devidentlyevidently [sic] dirivedderived [sic] from Abang, red in Javanese, as such fronds are then dried up red. In Javanese Barangbang means red- onions.

Baranghala, obstructions, things is our way, difficulties.

Barani, the loadstone, called generally Batu Barani, perhaps derived from Bhrāntiya, C. 502, whirling, going round, revolving (as a compass does). In the back part of Jasinga towards the Kĕndang mountains, there are some rivulets called Chi-Barani. This name may be a modification of Bawani, the consort of Siva or his attribute of Courage,


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42 or be a modification of the plural of wani = warana or wararani, daring, courageous.

Barat, the west-Barat is a word very generally used for West, not only in Sunda, but in Malay and Javanese. The Sunda people have also a still more commonly used word, viz kulon of the same import. It strikes me that Barat may have a Sanscrit origin from Bahinawa, C. 466 to go down, to set as the Sun- or more probably the first syllable of this word Ba, which is also heard in Badiya C. 468 from Ba and diya water, the ebb or reflux of the tide, low-water. Rata, C. 581, a country, a district and by contraction Barat, the Country of the setting sun.

Baraya, Relations, of the same descent or blood, kindred. Probably the same as Bharaya. C. 492, charge, custody, derived from Bhara, which in its turns is from Bhrae to nourish.

Barĕlih, uneven, rough, shaggy.

Barĕng, at the same time, together, simultaneously.

Barĕngan, to work in concert, to do at the same time.

Baréra, the piece of wood used to strike the threads together in weaving.

Baréto, formerly, some time ago. Poi baréto, the day before yesterday.

Barĕubĕui, name of a large forest tree. Gynotroches axillaris.

Barĕuh, swollen, inflated, a tumefaction in the flesh.

Bari, stale, old from keeping, as provisions; musty, mouldy.

Bari, Indeed, even though. Bari saha nu daik, Indeed who would like it.

Barimbit, a general fear caused to the inhabitants of any part of the Country, by the presence and ravages of tigers. A general panic.

Barinjil, uneaven, rough.

Baris, a line, a stroke, a row, a range. Military array, to drill- of the rank or quality of. Baris ménak, of noble birth, of the quality of a nobleman. Baris kuring, of the common people.

Baron, proyo Nusa Baron, an island off the South coast of Java, near its last end, off the districts of Lamajang. Can this be an island risen by volcanic force from the waves within the ken of man, and hence called Baru-an = Baron, by Malay traders along the South coast in ancient times, as Baru is not Javanese or did the traders from India find Marabolans upon it and then gave it the name of Bara C. 461, the three noted Myrobolans, viz. Terminalia Chebula, emblic, and belerica?

Baru or Wang baru, Ten Copper doits or two stivers. Baru is a Malay word and means New. The Sundas use also Tahun Baru, the new year, of Europeans or Chinese.

Baruang, Poison. The bear of Sumatra and Borneo.

Baruang alas, literally interpreted, Forest poison, is a large caterpillar-looking insect, which the natives say poisons water when immersed in it. It is the Cladomorphus Phvllinus of zoology.

Barujul, the native plough for dry lands, composed of a crooked piece shod with iron, and a beam to drag it by.


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Rh Barumbung, Paddy straw next the ear- each individual stalk.

Baruna. Varuna, the deity of the Hindu mythology who presides over the ocean, and over rain. Waruna C. 625 the deity of the waters and regent of the west. Water or the ocean.

Barus, the name of a place on the West coast of Sumatra wheré the best camphor is produced, hence called Kapur Barus = Barus lime.

Basa, speech, language; behaviour, manners. Basa Sunda, the Sunda language. Basa jero, refined language, the language used about courts or towards great men, and corresponds with the Basa Dalam of the Malays. see Jĕro. To bogah basa, he has no manners; literally he does not know how to select his words. Basa, C. 465 and Bhasa, C. 493, word, speech, dictum.

Basa, points to some particular act or time. Eukeur basa orang kagunung, at the period when we went to the mountains. It is probably only the former word in a modified acceptation. (It might be wāsa, house, habitation, from was, to dwell; the given example would in this case to be explained: at the time we dwelled in the mountains. Fr.).

Basar, the power of God to see all things, all-seeing.

Basĕuh, wet, moist- Samping na baseuh, his body cloth is wet.

Basi, a large dish for a joint; a platter, a large bowl.

Baskat, a sort of waitscoat; a close garment for the breast This sounds like a corruption of the English word waist coat. It ties with strings on both the right and left breast.

Basuki, a place and residency at the East end of Java, so called after the Indian Serpent king Wasuki, who in Indian and Balinese mythology accompanies Siwa, and is a conspicuous character. Bat. Trans. Vol 23 Page Page 24. Basuki on Bali is one of the Sad-kahyangan or six temples, and is situated at the foot of the Gunung Agung in Karang Asam. Bat. Trans. Friederich Vol 22.

Bata, a brick, a building material.

Batal, love and affection broken and dissolved; to become unclean and unlawful.

Batang, appears to be a nearly obsolete designation for a Deity, or for some superior being connected with old superstitions. The word is still in use among the Badui of South Bantam, who still adhere to a form of worship partly derived from Hinduism, or the former religion of the Javanese. Thus they talk of the Patang Jala or Batang Jala, as one of their chief divinities, and with them occurs the expression, when they are in difficulty or much fatigued, of Hari Batang tulung Maung. The word Batang may be a corruption of Batara which see. Wata, C. 617 among other numerous meanings has that of "a Tiger, the Bengal tiger" or the Tiger Royal. The initial W in the Polynesian tongues is often commuted for B. This mutation is also known in Singhalese, Clough Page 454 under the letter B says — "Considerable difficulties arise from a custom which has gained both among authors and Copyists substituting


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44 the B for W and vicê versa” a final ang is also frequently added to words, by which the original Wata would become Batang. This appears to be the more probable as this Hari Batang is associated with Maung; the colloquial Sunda word for the Tiger Royal. Batang may also be a corruption of Déwata, with the initial Dé dropped, and ng suffixed. Hari, C. 787 is derived from Hara to take, and is a name of Krishna or Vishnu, Yama or Indra, and the expression Hari batang tulung maung will thus mean — „Oh God Krishna, help me oh Tiger”. Batang Jala may mean the God of magic or delusion. Jala C. 210 magic, conjuring, illusion, supernatural deception. Throughout Java till this moment the natives have a superstitious reverence for the Tiger royal, and will not hurt or kill it, unless it first has dosa or sin, and has killed a human being, or some of his Cattle. Batang is the name of a place and districts on the north coast of Java in the residency of Pakalongan, where the Prahu mountains come down near the shore. In these same Prahu mountains are found many remnants and remains of temples from Hindu times, and the name of Batang may perhaps be in some way connected with the Divinities there formerly worshipped. Another name of a place in this locality which attracts attention as being of Hindu origin is Sraman near Simbang. Clough Page 778 gives Sramana, from Srama to perform acts of austere devotion- an Ascetic, one devoted to meditation for the purpose of obtaining final emancipation from existence; a Buddhist ascetic, a beggar, a religious mendicant, a Buddhist priest.

Batang may also be explained as derived from Bata C. 455 descent, going down, descent from a hight. To the Sanscrit Bata the Polynesian Ng may have been added as a termination, and Batang may mean the low land, the low country along the foot of the lofty and sacred Prahu mountains, see also Balibat.

Batara, The Hindu Godhead. The Sundanese apply the designation to all the divinities, as Batara Guru, the chief Hindu God worshipped on Java, Batara Bisnu, Batara Gana or Ganesa &c. Guru among the Hindus was a kind of spiritual guardian of youth, one of the names of Brihaspati, the preceptor of the Gods - Clough Page 178. Batara Guru, however, on Java appears to have been the chief Hindu Deity worshipped, But whether Siwa or Vishnu is not evident. Crawfurd dissertation on Malay grammergrammar [sic] Page 238 says that, on the authority of Professor Wilson, no doubt the Hindu god intended was Vishnu.

Awatara, C. 5k awa, down, tara to cross or pass: a descent, this word is used by most of the oriental nations to express the incarnation of their deities, or their descent from heaven to Earth; and in Hindu history it particularly refers to the incarnation of Vishnu in ten principal forms, viz 1, the fish- 2, ihethe [sic] tortoise- 3 the boar- 4 the man-lion- 5 the dwarf- G and 7 the two Ramas 8. Krishna- 9 Buddha, and 10 Kalkisee Bisnu. (Cf. Oesana Bali Tdsch. Ned. Ind. IX. 3.257. Fr.).

Batari, a female goddess; the female of Batara.


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Rh Batawi or Batavia, the Capital of the Dutch possesions in India, situated on the island of Java in the Sunda districts, and founded A.D. 1619 at the ancient Jakatra.

Bati, profit, gain-maybe derived from Bhataka, C. 491, wages, hire, price.

Batik, a particular method of dying Cotton cloths, the pattern being first traced with liquid wax and the cloth then dipped in the dye stuff; the places under the wax are not dyed, and when the wax is subsequently removed, the pattern becomes visible. Pattern, design.

Batin, ar: hidden, occult, interier, ulterior- the future, what is not yet known. Inward thoughts, what we ourselves only can know.

Bating, no, not all, none at all, oh never!

Batok, the shell of a Cocoanut. Babatok, the skull.

Batu, a stone, a rock. Batu asahan, a whetstone; Batu uji, a touchstone; Batu bata, a brick; Batu riyeus or Batu giling, a flatstone for rubbing down any vegetable matter to a pulp, see Pangriyěusan. Batu Barani, the loadstone perhaps from Bharantiya C. 502, whirling, going round, revolving (as a compass does).

Batuk, a cough, to cough.

Batur, a companion, a fellow in labour, in play etc. Batur is in very extensive use, and means generally-other people, our companions or neighbours; a neighbour, a person in same circumstances as ourselves. Beunang batur, my neighbour got it.

Baturan, to keep Company with, to keep in Company, to associate

Bau, smell, odour, scent. Smell or stink. Bau na seungit, the smell is sweet. Bau na busuk, the smell is stinking.

Bauh or Bahu, a measure of land, of which four make one Jung. Bahu, C. 470 the arm. The Bauh recognized by government on Java contains 500 square Rhinelands roods or Tumbaks of each 12 × 12 = 144 square Rhineland feet = 72.000 square Rhineland feet. Now as 0.94310 Rh: feet = 1 Eng: 72.000 or 1 Bauh = 76344 square English feet per Bauh, or a trifle more than $1 3⁄4$ English acre of each 43.360 English square feet.

Bauh, the fifth in descent, the father counting first; and the terms for each relationship are thus expressed; Bapa, Anak, Inchu, Buyut, Changgah or Chénggéh and Waréng. These four last terms appear to be inversely used, thus the Bapa will call the 14 generation from himself, his Bauh, and that same Bauh will allude to the same Bapa as his Bauh. These lines complete seven generations, which the natives designate as tujuh turunan, and which in general is considered very ancient, and when property is at stake, if it has been in the family for seven generations, it amounts to what we call prescription.

Bauk, whiskers, hair on the cheeks.

Baur or Bawur, mixed, blended, intermingled.

Baurkĕn, to mingle, to blend.


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46, to bring, to fetch, to carry, to convey, to take away.

, on Bali a name of Siwa, implying Nature. Bhawa, C. 493 nature, a state or condition of being. Friederich Bat: Trans: Vol 22 P. 35.

, a sea- fish, the pomfret. Stromateoides Cinereus.

, an onion, allium.

, the consort of Siwa, his attribute of courage- see wani.

or, an umbrella of oncient times; a state umbrella. Such as rebels carry about with them when they rise to resist the government, as they are considered badges of authority. On Java there is an appropriately coloured Bawat for each gradation of rank, the gold Bawat indicating the highest authority in the land, and used by the Sovereign or the European Governor General.

, a proportion of the rice crop given for reaping, often also called Gachong.

, mixed, mingled, blended.

, to mix, to mingle, to blend, (see baur and baurken).

, evil, mischief, danger. Hayang ulah nimu baya, I hope not to meet any evil. Baya, C. 460 fear, terror, alarm. Baya in Jampes in Sunda means West, see Sěri.

, the lungs, the lights.

, something or person that we have design upon to possess; marked ont as our own. Bayangan Ratu, the Prince intends to have it; the prince has set his eyes upon her, said of a woman. To fail or be worsted in an encounter; wounded. Unchal bayangan a wounded deer

, stringy, porous and dry; said of fruit or edible roots.

, to pay, to discharge a debt.

, payment, disbursement.

, the young or small fry of the fish Gabus. Ophicephalus striatus.

, as Batara Bayu, the god of wind, Aeolus. Wayu, C. 638, air, wind, derived from wa to go, and an affinitive.

, as Bayunan Ratu, a royal bed- chamber.

, a particle prefixed to substantives and adjectives, by which they obtain a verbal form; as Bodo, stupid, Bebodo to make a fool of; Buah, a fruit, a piece of fruit, Bebuahan, a Kidney, which from its shape suggests the idea of a fruit. The crude form of the word, to which Be is prefixed, does not always occur separately, as is Běběd, Běběk, Bědag.

or, impost, custom, duty, toll. Crawfurd gives Béya as Sanscrit, meaning a Cowrie shell, such shells were formerly used to represent money or value.

, done, expended, finished, got through, used up.

, soft and crummy, not moist or adhesive but easily falling to pieces, or asunder like sand.


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Rh, rice cleaned from the husk and bran, but not cooked. Also the cleaned grain of any plant, as Béas kopi, cleaned Coffee beans.

, a long funnel-shaped bambu basket, which being filled with stones is much used in damming rivers. The name is apparently derived from Badak, a rhinoceros, a large bulky unwieldy animal.

, the hamstring, the main tendon of the hind leg.

, an eruption on the skin, a sort of scurvy.

, cleared and square as a debt paid off, discharged.

the skull, the cranium.

, the stone used for any particular use, as a weight for scales, for a standing clock etc.

, using your strength to the utmost; in any extreme degree, putting forth your strength, or exertions till they are béak, expended.

, to work a bit of swamp for planting paddy, using only a pachul or hoe, and not a plough and buffaloes.

, to tie up with a bit of string, to tie round and round. Ubed implies a higher degree, more entangled.

, an upih well filled with provisions for a journey etc.

, to open or make new Sawahs. New sawahs lately made.

, young and full of flesh and activity. Chowéné bebegér, a full grown maidenhead.

Bébék, a domestic duck; called also riri-anas.

, to pound fine, to beat in a mortar, anything pounded or ground fine; said especially of grinding rice till it is perfectly clean.

, glans penis.

, squibs and crackers, fireworks.

and, disgrace, loss of favour, dishonour. From Bandhu, C. 459, what is bound. Bandhura, C. 459 injurious, mischievous.

, a female sweet heart, a mistress, an affianced woman.

, of the same size or diameter throughout its whole length; not tapering to a point.

, spread out, opened out; clear, evident.

- new-made Sawahs. Sawahs that are kept the year through under water, but not planted, in order to improve them.

, a sweetheart, a young man engaged in marriage.

, to make a fool of, to deceive.

, the kidneys- from Buah, fruit.

, to chase away, to disperse, to scatter.

, a matter of lawsuit or judicial investigation, see Pichara, derived from āchāra, C. 61. An established rule of conduct, an ordinance, an institute, a precept. To which is prefixed the Polynesian Be which gives it a verbal form. Gedong bechara, a town-


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48 hall, a place where public matters are discussed, a court house.

, muddy, miry, soft and dirty as the earth after rain.

, to overtake, to come up with di udag kabedag, chasing him he overtook him.

, torn, burst, rent asunder: to open or make new Sawahs-Bhédya C. 499, broken rent, torn.

, different, varying, other, distinct, separate- Béda, C. 479 dissention, disagreement; or from Bhéda, C. 499, dividing, separating; distinction, sort, difference.(Skr. bhěda).

, to make any opening for water to run out: to make a gap.

, a cosmetic for the skin, made from rice-flour and mixed with something to scent it. It is kept as -a powder and when wanted for use is mixed with a little water, and then rubbed on the skin; much used by young women.

, at peace, reconciled, of one mind, concord.

, strong, powerful.

, women who sing and dance before native chiefs. Called in Bantam Rejang. The Bedoyo of the Javanese.

, a gun, a hand gun, a fowling piece. Wédi or Wédilla, C. 668. shooting, explosion.

, a kind of trap set to take fish wherever there is a small fall of water; the water passes through leaving the fish. A small temporary Saäpa.

, a common chopper, or cutting instrument worn by every native, and used for cutting wood &c.

, burst, as a dam or embankment swept away by water.

, a drum, viz. a hollow cylinder of wood with a hide stretched over only one end, the other end being left open. Such bedugs are hung up in the mosques to call the people to prayers, to give notice of a death &c, and are beat on all occasions of alarm. To nyaho di palobah bedug, he does not know where abouts the bedug hangs, a sly way of saying he never goes to the mosque to say his prayers, and thus does not even know where the bedug is to be found.

, a pig, swine; an opprobrious epithet.

, to way lay, the act of high way robbery or murder- a high way man.

, the breaking or snapping of sticks or young trees, as when some wild beast rushes along: to fling down in a confused heap.


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Rh Běgog, a monkey, apparently so called from squatting on trees and looking at people see Gog.

Béh, an interjection, of sight; there it is! look! it appears; behold! Béh bai témbong, looking I saw it. Béh bai kanyahoan dosa na, Behold his sin became manifest.

Béja, news, report: the talk of all people.

Bèjakěn, to spread a report, to send news.

Bějad, knocked up, ruined in strength, jaded, feeble, rendered useless for any particular purpose- spoiled.

Bějig, poor and mean looking.

Běkakas, tools, instruments. (See bakakas).

Běkèkěn, to hold open, to split open with the hands, to part.

Běkěl, food, provisions, victuals carried on a journey.

Béksér, frequently piddling, water gushing out readily.

Béla, aid, assistance; a seconder or supporter, a protector- Batur kudu di bela-ãn, we must bring help to our neighbours- Aing mengke jadi béla sia, I will become your protector. On Bali, according to Fricderieh Bat. Trans. Vol 23 Page 10. Bela is the burning of a wife in a fiery hole, separate from her husband. Into this she jumps without krissing herself. Béla has been described by Crawfurd as implying Retaliation, but as far as I (Friederich) can learn, the Bali meaning of the word implies rather the Sanscrit welā, sudden and easy death (Wilson). This becomes plain from the manner in which it takes place, also from the circumstance that the attendants of a chief who has been killed in battle, and who make an amuk and die with him, are also called Béla. In general in Bali the word implies „the act of dying with a superior", as the wife with her husband, the slave with his master, the attendant with his lord. This word is probably derived from Billa, C. 473, a sacrifice of animals to demons, or an offering made in honour of deceased ancestors. In Malay it means to accompany in death ; the voluntary sacrifice of a woman at the funeral of her husband — or it may come from Béla, C. 478, power, strength, force, might.

Béla, ar: misfortune, evil, hurt. بَلَاءٌ experimentum, tentamen, difficultas, aerumna, afflictio, Freytag.)

Béla-än, to support, to give assistance to, to maintain, to succour. Béla-än paih, to support, to succour even unto death; this expression is still frequently heard in the mouths of our mountaineers, and is most likely derived from Buddhist or Hindu times when the wife sacrificed herself on the funeral pile of her husband.

Bělabur, spread out, scattered.

Belai, injury, calamity. Jauh belai, out of harm's reach.

Bělang, pie-bald, party-coloured, black and white. Ku la belang, a pie-bald horse.

Bělang wayung Hyang, name of a supernatural dog in the Manek Maya, formed from the dirt washed from the body of Wayu Hyang with rice water. This dog was


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50 black with a streak of white extending from the tip of his nose, along the ridge of his back, to the extreme point of his tail. Raffles Vol 2. appendix.

, the report of a gun, or of fireworks, as of Crackers.

, a loud hollow sound, as of some object or body falling.

, Ketan rice boiled in a Coconut along with the pulp, and thus making a mixture.

, having sore, weak and watery eyes.

, a snipe. Scolopax.

, the third time of consecutively planting the same bit of cleared forest land. The third year's crop of Paddy off such land.

, having cracked and sore soles of the feet.

, stupid, dull at learning.

, to explode, to make a loud report in firing off, splitting or bursting. Beletok bai bedil bitu, the gun went off with a loud explosion. Batu na kabeuleum beletok bai beulah, the stone being exposed, to fire split with a loud report.

, broken earthenware pounded fine to clean iron with, especially knives.

, a young horse still retaining its shaggy coat.

, round about, circuitous. Jalan bêlot, a round about road.

, disgusted, having an aversion, wearied and vexed.

, a kind of eel living in boggy earth.

, Portuguese Veludo, Velvet. Jamang beludru, a velvet jacket.

, a fruit resembling a mangga. (Kabambam, Batavia).

, sewing thread.

, split, cracked open.

, a gig, a buggy.

, anger, passion, wroth, rage, impetuosity of temper, Crawfurd calls it Malay.

, to stop the course of water by dams or other means.

, a dam or embankment to retain water.

, true, right, genuine, real. Straight, exact.

, to adjust, to put in order, to correct.

, the idiomatic expression of throwing or flinging.

, the venereal disease; the name of a tree with fruit like that of the Durian or Kadu.

, a hobgoblin; a term used to frighten children.

, said of the report of a gun.

, of even size throughout, as a bambu or log of wood, which is of even thickness throughout. The same as Běběng.

, said of water which flows back towards its source, particularly in water ways which are not cut deep enough.


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Rh Béngbréng, in a row, in a regular line. Hayo maka béngbréng, come stand up in a regular line.

Bénggala, Bengal. Used in a vague sense as implying a distant country. The people have Paré benggala, Bengal paddy, and Chaw benggala, Bengal plantains, a name of which, however, they do not know the exact meaning.

Béngkél, said of a Kawung palm tree, which yields little toddy.

Běngkěr, the hooping in a circular fishing trap, which keeps it open, and prevents it from collapsing; a hoop—called also Seungkeur.

Béngkok, crooked, not straight, curved.

Běngkung, bent or curved like any thin matter or plate which gives way to forces. Hump backed.

Béngo, warped, bent, crooked, not flat and even.

Béng'ong, stupidly gazing, dismayed.

Béngsal, unlucky, not successful, luck coming with difficulty.

Běng'uk, a legumenons pod, also called koas.

Běning, clear, limpid, pellucid. This is properly Malay, and is seldom or never heard in conversation, but on Champéa is a river Chibening limpid river. Hérang is the usual Sunda word.

Běnit, to be fond of women, always after the lasses.

Běntak, to scold, to speak roughly to, to frighten with fierce words. To shove roughly.

Béntang, a star.

Béntang timur, the Eastern or morning star.

Béntang buntutan, a Comet, a star with a tail.

Béntar, to become known, to gain publicity.

Béntél, a Couple of handsfull of seedling paddy plants tied together.

Běntěli, a forest tree which gives a milky sap used for destroying worms in children, when it must be mixed with sugar and water. This is the best vermifuge which natives know.

Bénténg, a fortification, a stockade, a battery, military trenches.

Bénténg, the familiar name for Tangerang, 15 Pauls Southwest from Batavia, where the old Dutch company had a Bénténg or fort.

Béntés, correct and clear in speaking, having good pronunciation.

běntik, bent like a sword, having a round bend; folding together by means of a joint or hinge.

Běntur, to dash, to knock, to joggle, to strike against.

Běnyéng, a plant the root or bulb of which being scorched and bruised, is made up into small candles or torches.

Běr, the idiomatie expression of flying, as ber bai hiber kabéh, and away they all fluttered and flew.


text: Index:Franklin D. Roosevelt to Winston Churchill - NARA - 194863


text: Index:Grace Tully to Navy Code Room - NARA - 194864


text: The Civil Service and the Patronage

title: The Civil Service and the Patronage


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Page:The White Peacock, Lawrence, 1911.djvu/224

216 “Come on—chink!” she cried, “all together—chink to him!”

We four chinked and drank. George poured wine in a tumbler, and drank it off. He was getting excited, and all the energy and passion that normally were bound down by his caution and self-instinct began to flame out.

“Here, aunt!” said he, lifting his tumbler, “here’s to what you want—you know!”

“I knowed tha’ wor as spunky as ony on’em,” she cried. “Tha’ nobbut wanted warmin’ up. I’ll see as you’re all right. It’s a bargain. Chink again, ivrybody.”

“A bargain,” said he before he put his lips to the glass.

“What bargain’s that?” said Meg.

The old lady laughed loudly and winked at George, who, with his lips wet with wine, got up and kissed Meg soundly, saying:

“There it is—that seals it.”

Meg wiped her face with her big pinafore, and seemed uncomfortable.

“Aren’t you comin’, gran’ma?” she pleaded.

“Eh, tha’ wants ter ’orry me off—what’s thai say, George—a deep un, isna ’er?”

“Dunna go, Aunt, dunna be hustled off.”

“Tush—Pish,” snorted the old lady. “Yah, tha’ ’rt a slow un, an’ no mistakes! Get a candle, Meg, I’m ready.”

Meg brought a brass bed-room candlestick. Bill brought in the money in a tin box, and delivered it into the hands of the old lady.

“Go thy ways to bed now, lad,” said she to the


text: Index:Franklin D. Roosevelt to Winston Churchill - NARA - 194866


text: Index:Franklin D. Roosevelt to Winston Churchill - NARA - 194867


text:
The Civil Service and the Patronage/Preface

work is the outgrowth of a statistical study of removals from office begun in the Seminary of American History and Institutions at Harvard University. The results of this preliminary study were published in the Annual Report of the American Historical Association for 1899. The interest thus aroused led to a broader investigation, which has been continued for about five years. From materials accumulated not strictly pertinent to the subject of this volume, an article on “Lincoln and the Patronage” was contributed to the American Historical Review for October, 1902.

The subject which this book attempts to treat defies concise definition; and as the boundaries have perhaps not been drawn so as to satisfy all who will be led by its title to refer to it, a few words are necessary to guide those who use it. The leading words of the title limit each other; it is a history of the civil service from the standpoint of the patronage, and of the patronage with regard solely to the public offices. The aim has been to give fully the development of policy and practice as to the relation of these two elements of our public life, from the foundation of the government to the present day. In addition, it has been thought wise to outline the

policy of each successive administration, though in some instances this has been done very briefly; in the case of a few very important administrations the subject has been treated still more broadly, so as to include practice as well as policy. The work of Miss Salmon on the Appointing Power of the President has left me free to leave out constitutional questions, except when they become questions of politics; and the problem of civil service reform has been treated historically, and not from the standpoint of expediency.

I have had access to the collections of the Harvard College Library and the libraries of Boston, of Brown University, the American Antiquarian Society at Worcester, the Rhode Island Historical Society, the Wisconsin Historical Society, the Library of Congress, and the departmental libraries at Washington; and I desire to express my thanks to the officials of these institutions for their uniform interest and assistance. Thanks are particularly due to the owners of private collections of manuscripts and newspapers, whose courtesy in opening them for research evinces the general interest felt in historical studies. Most of all, I wish to record my appreciation of the kindness of Professor Albert Bushnell Hart and Professor Edward Channing, to whose inspiration and guidance the inception and development of this monograph are chiefly to be attributed.

CARL RUSSELL FISH.


text: Talk:The Civil Service and the Patronage


text: Index:Harry Hopkins to Grace Tully - NARA - 195019


text: Index:Franklin D. Roosevelt to Winston Churchill - NARA - 195020


text: Index:Franklin D. Roosevelt to Winston Churchill - NARA - 194871


text: Index:Franklin D. Roosevelt to Winston Churchill - NARA - 194872


text: Index:Henry Stimson to Franklin D. Roosevelt - NARA - 194873


text:
Page:Norwegian Constitution.djvu/16

16 The care of the King's education while he is under age shall, if his father has not left any written appointment, be committed to some persons, selected for that purpose, by the National Assembly and the Queen-dowager if she be his german mother, excluding the next heir to the crown, his offspring, the Council of State and the other members of the regency.

If the King's male issue be extinct and no successor be elected, the National Assembly shall immediately be convoked in the manner prescribed in §. 46, in order to elect a new line of Kings. In the mean time the same rules shall be observed concerning the executive power, as are prescribed in §. 42.

The people exercises the legislative power at the National Assembly, consisting of two sections, viz. the Lag-Thing (Court of Law) and the Odels-Thing (Court of Allodiality).

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Page:Norwegian Constitution.djvu/17

17 Voting members are only those Norwegian Citizens who have filled their 25th year, have been settled in the Kingdom for five years and who either

a) are or have been employed in any public office;

b) possess in the country, or have taken a lease of, any matriculated ground for more than five years;

c) are citizens of towns, or possess in a town or port a house or piece of ground amounting at least to the value of three hundred Rigsbank-Dollars Silver-Value.

Within six months from the sanction of this Constitution a register of all the voting members shall be drawn up in every town by the Magistrate, and in every parish by the Foged (Collector of the taxes) and the parson, wherein shall immediately be inserted all the changes which it might undergo by process of time. Everybody is obliged, before he is entered in the register, publicly to swear obedience to the Constituion before a court of justice.

The right of voting is suspended

a) by an accusation of crimes before a court of justice;

b) by being reduced to a state of minority;

a) by stopping of payment or failure 'till the creditors have received full payment, unless the failure may be

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Page:Norwegian Constitution.djvu/18

18 occasioned by fire or by any other unforeseen or proveable misfortune.

The right of voting is forfeited

a) by having been condemned to work in a House of Correction, to the Slavery or to any infamous punishment;

b) by entering into the service of any foreign power without the consent of Government;

c) by acquiring burghership in a foreign state;

d) by being convinced of having bought votes, sold his own vote, or voted in more than one Elective Assembly.

The assizes of the Elective Assembly and those of the Districts are held every third year. The transactions shall be finished before the end of the month of December.

The Elective Assemblies are held in the country in the principal church of the parish, in the towns in the church, in the town-house, or at any other place convenient for that purpose. They are presided in the country by the parson and his coadjutors, in the towns by their Magistrates and Aldermen. The act of voting is performed in the order appointed in the register. Disputes concerning the right of voting are decided by the directors of the Assembly from whose judgment there may be appealed to the National Assembly.

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Page:Norwegian Constitution.djvu/19

19 Before the elections begin, the Constitution shall be audibly read, in the towns by the chief Magistrate, in the country by the parson.

In the towns one elector is chosen for each 50 voting inhabitants. These electors meet within 8 days after, at the place appointed by the Magistrate, and elect either from among themselves or among the other voting members in their respective district of election a fourth part of their own number, to meet and take seat at the National Assembly, in such a manner that 3 to 6 choose one, 7 to 10 two, 11 to 14 three, 15 to 18 four, which is the greatest number a town is allowed to send. If a town have less than 150 inhabitants entitled to vote it sends its elector to the next town, in order to vote together with the electors of this, in which case both the towns are regarded as one district.

In each parish in the country the inhabitants entitled to vote choose in proportion to their number electors in the manner following: A number from 1 to 100 choose one, from 100 to 200 two, from 200 to 300 three and so on in the same proportion. These electors meet within a month after that time, at a place appointed by the Amtmand (Chief Justice of the bailiage), for that purpose, and then either choose from

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Page:Norwegian Constitution.djvu/20

20 among themselves, or among the other voting members in the bailiage a tenth part of their own number, to meet and take seat at the National Assembly, in such a manner that 5 to 14 choose one, 15 to 24 two, 25 to 34 three, 35 and upwards four, which is the greatest number.

The rules prescribed in §. 57 and 58 have their effect 'till the next meeting of the National Assembly. If then it be found that the number of the Deputies from the towns amount to more or less than ⅓ of the Deputies of the whole Kingdom, the National Assembly shall alter these articles, to serve as a norm for the future, in such a manner, that the Deputies of the towns correspond with those of the country at the rate of one to two, and the number of the Deputies in general shall not be less than 75, nor above 100.

The voting members residing within the boundaries of the Kingdom, and impeded by sickness, military service or any other lawful hinderance from meeting, may send their votes in writing to those who preside the Elective Assemblies, before these are concluded.

Nobody can be elected a Deputy unless he has filled his 30th year and has lived 10 years in the Kingdom.

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Wikisource:Books/The Elements of Style

 * The Elements of Style
 * The Elements of Style/Introduction
 * The Elements of Style/Rules
 * The Elements of Style/Principles
 * The Elements of Style/Form
 * The Elements of Style/Misuse
 * The Elements of Style/Misspelling

title: Wikisource:Books/The Elements of Style


text:
Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/74

Rh Běukrěuh, coiled, or huddled in a heap, as a person or animal asleep, any thing lying in a heap in a hole.

Běulah, split, divided; to split, to cleave, to rend; Part, portion, side, quarter. Evidently derived from Bila, C. 473, a fissure, a rent, a perforation.
 * Iyo suluh kudu di beulahan, this fire wood must be split up.
 * Papan na beulah, the plank is split.
 * Sa beulah ti wetan, on the East side.

Beuleum, to burn, to consume with fire.

Běuli, to buy, to purchase; hanto kabeuli, I c'ant buy it, or literally it cannot be bought (by me).

Běulit, a turn or hitch of a rope or string; entangled; twisted or twined round. Kabeulit, entangled by a rope getting twisted round.

Běunang, to get, to obtain, to get possession of. Beunang na, what is got, the thing obtained.

Běuněur, full and good as grain or seed. Applied figuratively to any thing which turns out well and satisfactory. Bilang beuneur, truly said, no mistake. Pare na beuneur, the paddy is full in the grain.

Běuněur héjo, said of growing paddy, when the husks are full, but the grain still green.

Běung'ěut, the face of man or animal; the countenance.

Běungkak, swollen or risen slightly, as rivers by rain.

Běungkěut, a parcel or bundle, any thing tied together, as firewood, Paddy, vegetables etc. Di beungkeut, to tie together, to tie up.

Běuntah, awake, with the eyes open.

Běuntas, to break down, to demolish. Beuntas pager, to break down the fence, to exceed one’s authority, to use unlawful violence.

Běuntěur, a small fish in the rivers or in ponds, of a yellowish tinge. Barbus binolatus.

Běunyěur, small broken rice, the grains which are broken in pounding or grinding.

Běunying, a variety of wild fig tree. Ficus fistulosa.

Běurang, in the day time, the day time in contradistinction to night. Also applied as indicating an advanced period in the day, towards noon, and thus not very early in the morning. Early, not at a late period.

Běurat, heavy in weight; also used figuratively to indicate affection for any one. Bara, C. 461, heavy, weighty, important, of consequence. Batu beurat a heavy stone. Beurat ka anak éwé, having an affection for child and wife.

Běurat sangga, said of ripening paddy, heavy on the stem.

Běurěum, Red; verbally Ngabeureuman, to make red, that is to make any one ashamed of himself, to worst an adversary.


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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/75

54 Běurěum buntut = Red-tail, name of a fish in the rivers.

Běurěum pipi = Red-cheeks, name of a fish in the rivers.

Běurit, a mouse, a rat.

Běusi, Iron. Beusi Purasani, the loadstone. The word Purasani is probably a corruption of khorasani, which at Page 125 of Marsden's Dictionary is interpreted as a Persian word meaning „fine tempered steel of Khorasan.”

Běutěng, stopped, left off, as any work or occupation. Said of a person who has lost a situation or occupation. Ceased from employment.

Běutěung, the belly, Nyiri beuteung, belly-ache.

Běutěung, properly Adi beuteung, which see.

Beuti, any yam or bulbous root; any bulb growing in the ground, at a root.

Béwat, a fine, to punish by fining. Applied also to government exactions, which are looked upon as fines or impositions.

Béwok, a long and shaggy beard.

Béwok, an insect resembling a Jangkrik; a kind of cricket.

Béwuk, a bird like an owl.

Béya, same as Béa, which see. Custom, duty, toll.

Béyé, soft, moist and easily giving way to pressure. Approaching a liquid state.

Bi, an abbreviation of the word Bibi, aunt, which see.

Biang! is an exclamation of surprise, either denoting fear or admiration. Also denoting mistrust, and at the same time half putting the question : Do you think I am such a fool as to believe you? This word is probably of Sanscrit origin, and would be properly represented by abhi hyang! which will mean „the Profound Divinity.“ „The superlative divinity.“ Abhi, C. 39 is a preposition implying similarity, before (in the presence of), separation, severally, wish, desire; also, Conjunction, as belonging to, with respect to etc. Abhi in Compound words implies very, emphatic, before, as Abhikkanta, C. 39 from Abhi, very, kanta, good excellent, good in the highest degree. Abhinya, C. 39 from abhi very, nya Knowledge, profound knowledge, supernatural acquirements. And in the same manner we may form Abhi hyang, the most excellent Divinity, the supernatural Divinity. So also may be explained the name of Abiasa, one of the early sovereigns of Java, see Raffles Vol 2. P. 80. from Yasa, C. 572, fame, glory, celebrity, renown, thus Abhi-yasa, renowned in the highest degree. So likewise in the words Abiseka, which is still current on Bali for the anointing of the Rajahs. Abhi-seka, C. 40 from Abhi before, Sikta sprinkling, an anointing, royal unction; Sikta, C. 730 from Sicha to sprinkle, and kata affinitive-sprinkled, wetted. Abhirupa, abhi, emphatic, Rupa, beautiful, extremely beautiful.


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Page:Norwegian Constitution.djvu/21

21 The members of the Council of State and the functionaries employed at its offices, or at court, as well as its pensioners can not be elected Deputies.

Every one who is elected Deputy is obliged to accept of the election, unless impeded by any hinderance declared a lawful one by the electors, whose declaration may be submitted to the decision of the National Assembly. Whoever has met two times one after another at an ordinary meeting of the National Assembly is not bound to accept of the election for the ordinary National Assembly next following. If any Deputy be hindered by lawful impediment from meeting at the National Assembly, he who, next him, has the greatcst number of votes, takes his place.

Immediately after the election the Deputies are provided with a full-power, signed in the country by the superior Authorities and in the towns by their respective Magistrates as well as by all the Electors, as a proof of the election being made in the manner prescribed by the Constitution.

The legality of these full-powers is decided by the National Assembly.

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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/76

Rh To return to the Sunda language we have Bianglala a Rainbow. Lala, C. 604 wavering, unsteady, fickle, Abhi-hyang-lala, the most excellent divinity who wavers or is fickle, from the evanescent nature of the rainbow. Abhi-hyang has here again been contracted into Biang. Raffles gives Yang-lalah for the Rainbow in Balinese.

That the Sundanese no longer dream of the real meaning of the word Biang! which is nevertheless so often in their mouths, is no wonder, seeing that they have been so long converted to Mohammedanism, and all that they almost know of the former worship of their forefathers is comprehended in the words Agama Buda.

Bianglala, the Rainbow, see above voce Biang. Vide Katumbiri.

Biar, the dawn of day, sun-rise. Barabg biar, just at dawn.

Bias or Biyas, Cast away, lost the way; said either of a man losing himself in a forest or wilderness, or of a man at sea driven to unknown parts by storm. Biya, C. 473, fear, terror, alarm, dread; āsā, C. 65, wish, desire, hope- and thus a mixture of dread and hope, which a man tempest driven will have.

Bibi, Paternal or maternal aunt, when younger than our father or mother. A term of respect for any woman who is younger than ourselves.

Bibit, seed, any thing used for planting to procure a coming crop. Used also to denote any female animal for breeding, especially a buffaloe as kebo bibit, a breeding buffaloe. The origin or commencement of any thing. Capital, money invested in any undertaking or speculation-see anak.

Bibitungan, name of a variety of grass.

Bidal, a thimble.

Bidara, a common tree growing near the sea coast Zizyphus jujuba. Bidara, C. 471. a small species of Jujube.

Bidara-laut, the sea-shore Bidara. Different from the foregoing one. The wood being dried and grated is mixed with water, and given to children for a variety of complaints. It acts as a bitter tonic.

Biduri, Opal. Bhidura, C. 494 the thunder bolt of Indra. Biduri is probably the feminine of this word.

Bigeug, deaf and dumb.

Bijil, go out, come out; the act of coming out from any cover or place, Bijil ti imah, to come out of the house. Bijil ti jero taneuh, to come up out of the ground. Kudu bijil, you must come out.

Bijilan, what comes out. Bijilan ti chai, what comes out of the water.

Bijilkĕn, to cause to come out, to turn or drive out.

Bijil pamautan, said of growing paddy; the last leaf which comes out, being the one


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Laing, David (1793-1878)


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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/77

56 :under which, in cutting, the straw is snapped, and which is then pulled off- di paut.

Bikang, female, a woman, the good wife. In many parts of the country Bikang is not applied to a woman but reserved for animals, especially Buffaloes. This is the case about Buitenzorg.

Bikĕun, to give, to hand over.

Biko, stupid, foolish.

Bila, occurs only in the expression Apa bila, whenever, at the time when, which thongh properly Malay, is sometimes heard in Sunda. Both Marsden and Crawfurd give Bila as Sanscrit meaning: Time, point of time, when, at the time that. It is probably the same as Wela C. 672 Time.

Bilang, to count, to tell over, to reckon, to number. Jélema na bilang heula, count the people first. Probably Bila — see above — with the Polynesian ng suffixed.

Bilangan, an account, enumeration, to be of account or value. To hasup bilangan, it cannot be taken into account; it is not of the number. This word is sometimes pronounced Wilangan.

Bilatung, maggots, worms in putrifying flesh. Bilatungan, having maggots in the flesh.

Bilik, split and platred bambus to answer the purpose of partitions; bambus so wattled answer the purpose of boarding for houses and buildings.

Bilis, a small sea fish, not larger than a minnow, now and then appearing in great swarms off the South Coast of Bantam; after them a small island off the South coast of Bantam is called Pulo Bilis. Engraulis Grayi.

Bilis Alanat or more correctly Iblis lanat, which is arabic and means the „Devil's curse.“ An opprobrious answer to any one, amounting to our — „go to the Devil.“

Billahi, arabic, by God!

Biluk, to veer or turn round; in sea language, to luff up, to beat to windward.

Bima, name of the East end of Sumbawa, noted for its good horses. Kuda Bima, a Bima horse.

Bima, C. 494 Bhimā a name of Siwa, he who inspires terror, from Bhima, fear, terror.
 * Bima, a son of Pandu and Déwi Kunti, one of the five Pandus in the war of the Mahabarat.

Bimbang, properly Malay, but sometimes made use of; being overelated with joy; so pleased as to forget your daily occupations or what you are about. Said of a person in love who hardly knows what he or she is about.

Bin, arabic, the son of. A contraction of Ibn. Mohammad bin Hassan, Mohammad the son of Hassan.

Bina, very, excessive as Kabina-bina teuyn, that is carrying the thing to an extreme, or being excessively troublesome, or going further than necessary.

Binchurang, the bone which goes up the front part of a man's leg, from the ankle to the knee. The Tibia.


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Page:Norwegian Constitution.djvu/22

22 On their journey to and from the National Assembly, as well as during their stay there, the Deputies are exempted from being personally arrested, unless they should be caught in public crimes, nor are they bound without the assizes of the National Assembly to account for opinions uttered there. Every one is obliged to submit to the order established there.

The Deputies elected in the manner above mentioned form the National Assembly of the Kingdom of Norway.

The Sessions of the National Assembly generally begin every third year on the first work-day of the month of February in the Capital of the Kingdom, unless the King, on account of extraordinary circumstances, such as a hostile invasion or a plague, might choose an other town for that purpose. In such cases the alteration must be timely published.

On extraordinary occasions the King has right to convoke the National Assembly out of the ordinary time. The King then issues a proclamation which shall be read in all the churches of the capital towns at least six weeks before the members of the National Assembly are to meet on the place appointed for that purpose.

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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/78

Rh Bingbing, a small variety of dwarf Palm, growing wild in jungle. Areca humilis or Pinanga Kuhlii.

Bingkěng, bent, curved.

Binglu, a sort of wild mangga. Mangifera — hardly fit to eat.

Bing'ung, confounded, troubled in mind, embarrassed, perplexed.

Binih, seedling paddy plants meant for transplanting; such seedlings ready for transplanting. Seed meant to be planted.

Binong, name of a plant, Bucida nitida, Crawfurd. This word occurs in the name of an Estate and post station between Batavia and Buitenzorg, called Chibinong.

Bintara, the ancient name of the district now called Demak. Bintara in Javanese is the name of a sweet scented grass. Raffles Vol 2 P. 124.

Bintinu, name of a tree. Visenia umbellata.

Binw-angan, name of a district on the south coast of Bantam. In some malay countries in Sumatra Binuwang is a species of deer, and Binuwangan would be a place abounding in deer. Marsden P. 51.

Biola, a fiddle. The native way of pronouncing Viola = a violin.

Birah, a wild plant, with broad leaf like Bolang; a variety of Arum.

Birĕt, said of knotty wood with the grain so twisted as not to be able to split it. See Burĕt.

Birěungo, to inspect, to view.

Biribisan, a slight sprinkling of rain; a few small drops of rain, the commencement of rain; to rain lightly. Bhira, and Bhiru, C. 494/5. fearful, timid. This may be the etymon, and then the word will imply rain enough to give a fright.

Birit, the rump of man or beast.

Biru, fuss, uncalled for interference. Only heard in the expression ngadu biru, to meddle with matters which do not concern one. Biru is probably the same as Biruma, C. 473 barking, the final ma is only constructive, and adu biru, would then be, to squabble with barking (like dogs), [cf. sub voce adu, and the Note].

Biru, name of a plant. Colocasia odorata.

Biruluk, a small dwarf cocoanut, the nut injured in its growth.

Birus, as di birus, to strip young growing paddy, in order to get at the stem, to make a child's pipe or ole-ole-an. The young stems so stripped.

Bisa, able, clever, skilled, learned. Can, to be abe, to have the power. To bisa, I cannot, Id'ont know how. This word is also, no doubt, of Sanscrit origin, though Clough does not give the word in the shape of simply Bisa or Wisa. He, however, gives wisakunu Page 663, a Pandit, a learned man, as derived from wichakshana Page 643, a Pandit, a learned man, clever, able, wise (27).

(27)Bisa and biâsa (to be accustomed) I consider to be the same word. I d'ont recollect if this interpretation has been given by others before me, at least I found it already myself some 10 years Rh


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Page:Norwegian Constitution.djvu/23

23 Such an extraordinary meeting of the National Assembly may be dissolved by the King whenever he pleases.

The members of the National Assembly keep their charges as members of the said Assembly for three years together at the extraordinary as well as at the ordinary assizes which may be held in the mean time.

If an extraordinary Assembly be sitting at the time when an ordinary one is going to meet, the former is dissolved as soon as the latter is assembled.

Neither of the Assemblies can hold their assizes unless two thirds of its members are present.

Immediately after the National Assembly is constituted the King, or whom he appoints in his place, opens its transactions with a speech, in which he informs the Assembly of the state of the Kingdom and of the subjects on which he particularly desires to draw its attention. No deliberation must take place in the King's presence.

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Page:Norwegian Constitution.djvu/24

24 The National Assembly selects from among its members one fourth part to constitute the Lag-Thing; the other ¾ form the Odels-Thing.

Either of the Things holds its assizes separately and elects its own President and Secretary.

It belongs to the National Assembly:

a) to give and repeal laws, to impose taxes, duties, customs and other public burdens, which, however, have no longer effect than 'till the 1st of July in the year when an other ordinary National Assembly is sitting unless expressively renewed by it;

b) to open loans on the credit of the State;

c) to superintend the monetary system of the State;

d) to allow the sums necessary to defray the expences of the State;

e) to determine the sum allowed the King for the main tenance of his court, and to appoint the appanage of the Royal family, which, however, must not consist in possessions of grounds;

f) to order the records of the Council of State and all other public intelligences and papers, except military orders, to be laid before them;

g) to order a communication of the alliances and treaties,

title: Page:Norwegian Constitution.djvu/24


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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/79

58 Bisa, poison, venom; wisa, C. 663 poison, venom.

Bisi, in case that. Bisi to hadé, for fear it should not be right.

Bismilah irahman irahim, as pronounced by the Sunda people, being the Arabic invocation at the commencement of any work or undertaking. It is used especially at the beginning of prayers, and means „In the name of God the merciful and compassionate“.

Bisnu, the Vishnu of Hindu mythology. As the word sometimes occurs in Jampé's, it may be well to copy over Clough's account of him at page 662. Wishnu (wisa, to enter, to pervade the universe) one of the three principal Hindu deities, and the preserver of the world, during the periods of temporary annihilation, he is supposed to sleep in the waters, floating on the serpent Sesha; Brahma is fabled to have sprung from a lotus, which grew from the navel of Vishnu, and the holy river Ganges is said to spring from his foot; the different avatars or awataras are considered as emanations of this deity; and in Krishna he is supposed to have been really and wholly incarnate; he is usually represented as a mild and benevolent deity. The name is also written Wisnu, C. 665.

Bisoro, a kind of fig tree- Ficus hispida.

Bisu, dumb, unable to speak.

Bisul, a boil, an inflammatory swelling under the skin.

Bita, delight, pleasure. Bita, C. 474, and Bhita C. 495, fear, alarm, apprehension, terror, dread- see Jagabita. This word appears in Java to have somewhat altered its meaning, which may have occurred from a misconception of the real meaning, which is an alarm, say lest something bad might occur, and hence has been taken to express delight, see kabita. The alarm at loss or injury being stronger with the native than the manifestation of delight, when in the enjoyment of any advantage.

Bitis, the lower part of the leg, from the knee downwards. The leg.

Bitu, to go off as a gun, to make a loud report, to explode. Bedil to daiken bitu, the gun would not go off.

Bitung, a variety of bambu, with thick wood, good for posts.

Biwir, the lips; Biwir mata, the eye lids- called in Malay Bibir. Loba teuyn biwir sia, you have a vast deal of jaw; too much to say.

Biyo, just now, a little time ago. Composed of the particle Be (vide), and iyo this.

Biyuk, stinking, putrid. Chi biyuk, stinking river.

Biyur, an idiomatic expression indicative of birds flying away in a flock, or animals running away in a crowd.

Blak, an idiomatic expression of flinging oneself down before another, as to ask for pardon and surrendering oneself. Blak nangkarak, he throw himself down on his back.

ago. Biâsa now is abhyâsa, practice, exercice, (Wilson); from as with the preposition abhi studere, studiose facere (Westergaard). Fr.


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25 concluded by the King in the name of the state with foreign powers, except secret articles, which, however, must not be contrary to the public;

h) to summon any one, except the Royal family, to appear before it in state-affairs; yet this exception does not regard the Royal Princes in case they should be invested with any office;

i) to review the provisional lists of military pay or allowances, and to make the alterations in them which they should think necessary;

k) to appoint five Reviewers whose duty shall be every year to review the state-accounts and publish extracts of it in print, for which purpose the said accounts shall be communicated to the reviewers every year before the 1st of July;

l) to naturalize foreigners.

Every law shall previously be proposed at the Odels-Thing, either by its own members, or by government through a counsellor of state. When the bill is past there, it shall be sent to the Lag-Thing which either consents to it or rejects it, and in the latter case, it is sent back with remarks added to it. These are taken into consideration by the Odels-Thing which either may put aside the bill or send it a second time to the Lag-Thing with or without

title: Page:Norwegian Constitution.djvu/25


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Rh Blas, the idiomatic expression for counting between 10 and 20, corresponding to the English teen and Dutch tien. See Wĕlas. Sablas = 11- Duablas = 12- Salapanblas = 19.

Blěg, the idiomatic expression applied to any thing thrown down with a dull bluff sound.

Blěng, the idiomatic expression of throwing away or down. Bleng bai di picheun, and away he flung it.

B1ěs, the idiomatic expression of stabbing, as of a kris thrust up to the hilt.

Bles kasian, properly Malay, but still frequently used in Sunda, especially when favors are asked. Pity and compassion. Hayang neda blĕs kasian tuan, I entreat sir your pity and compassion.

Blok, the idiomatic expression of breaking off in large pieces. Blok bai somplak, and a large lump split off.

Blok, ground which is soft and muddy so that the legs sink in and are with difficulty withdrawn. Jalan na blok naker, the road was very deep in mud.

Blug, the iiomatic expression of falling on any thing and covering it up. Blug bai di tubruk, flinging himself upon it he seized it.

Bo-āh, a word expressive of doubt or uncertainty; it may be; perhaps. It may not be. Mohal datang boāh, he perhaps will not come. Kabéh boāh kudu leumpang, I fancy all must go away. To hadé boāh, tapi to nyaho, it is perhaps not right, but I do not know.

Bobo, rotten, giving way from decay.

Bobo, to go to sleep, said of a child.

Bobogohan, to have pleasure in; to begin to court a woman.

Bobok, to cut a hole into any thing which is hollow, as a Cocoanut, bamboo, hollow tree &c.

Boboko, a small circular bamboo or wicker basket, especially for holding boiled rice. It is smaller at bottom than at top and not providdd with a cover. When it has a cover made to fit on the top it is called Sumbul. Kudu néang boboko we must get hold of the rice basket, a sly way of intimating a wish to have something to eat. Geus mojeuhna néang boboko, it is high time to look out for the rice basket- thus to eat.

Bobokong, the buttocks, the groin, that part of the back along the back bone, see Bokong.

Bobontos, the wooden sheath of a kris, that part which covers the blade, from the Dadaun towards the tip.

Bobontot, said of fisb freshly caught in the river, and tied up in long grass, to be sent to a distance, and keep fresh.

Boboréh, a fragrant or coloured wash, either yellow or white, rubbed on the body, on occasions of ceremony, especially at marriages.

Boborokokĕn, to call the neighbours together, to help to perform any work, as planting out paddy or the like, and not paying them in money but giving a treat of Bubur or the like.

Boboso, a fish in the rivers of the South coast of Bantam. The spawn develops in the sea to fish, which then ascend the rivers to remain there ever after. Resembles the méng'a, which see.


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60 Bobot, a weight in the scales for weighing cotton.

Bocor, leaky. Parahu na bocor, the boat is leaky. Figuratively to disclose a secret, to blab.

Bodas, white.

Bodi, see Anchak. Bodhi, C. 481 knowledge, intellect, omniscience, the state of being a

Budha. The Holy fig tree.

Bodo, a method of preparing fish, by allowing it to partially decay, and then salting it.

Bodu, C. 479 — boiled or cooked rice.

Bodo, silly, stupid, simple. Often used to express simply „not having knowledge", though the person may otherwise not be stupid.

Bodor, a Buffoon; the man who, at any exhibition, causes merriment. The mountebank of a set of players in a gang of ronggengs, or a set of angklung-players.

Boéh, white cloth used for wrapping up the dead previous to burial.

Boga, possessed of, having, owning. Corresponds with the Malay word Punia. Boga batur, to have a companion. Boga imah, to own a house.

Bogo, a variety of fish, a kind of small gabus.

Bogoh, having pleasure in any thing, delighted, elated with joy or love.

Bogol (Bonggol), name of a piece of bamboo tied to the wrists of a man in charge of the police, to prevent his escape. Same as Tambalung, which see.

Bogor, the native name of the place called Buitenzorg by the Dutch. Intelligent natives can give no interpretation to the meaning of the word. Mogor is to run about after a women, and in a substantive form would become Bogor, but the natives do not appear to attach this meaning to it. It is the residence of the Governor General of Netherlands Indie.

Bohak, laid open and gaping, like a wound from any cutting instrument.

Bohong, to lie, to tell a lie: a falsehood. Ulah sok beuki bohong, D'ont tell so many lies.

Boja Nagara, that part of the north coast of Bantam which terminates in St Nicholas Point. The same words in Javanese form are Bojo Negoro, an assistant Residency belonging to Rembang. Bojo in Javanese has several meanings, viz, a wife; food or provisions; the chief, the principal, whatever is of most importance. This word is most probably derived from Bajanaya, C. 455. association, union, embracing, an embrace, or Bojun C. 479 or Bojuna, C. 481, food, eating, provisions, nagara, C. 306a town, a city. It means thus a town where food is in plenty, or a town fit to be looked upon as a wife and be cherised. The people at Bojo Negoro in Rembang have an idea that the name of their place implies a spot where food and the means of subsistance are in plenty. Bojo kromo implies in Javanese, real hospitality. Raffles Vol 1. P. 101. (Skr. Bhoja> a country, Patna or Bhagalpur; bhojya, food; bhojana, food; eating. Fr.)

Bojong, the land contained within the sharp turn of a river, or stream of water. Land projecting into water, a promontory; also an islet in a river.


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Rh, to open or split up; often applied to large fruits that divide in cloves. To open a slokan or water course by removing sand and other sediment, which has accumulated at its mouth.

, to take a weight upon the back; to carry a load upon the backbone; to set the rump against any thing for the purpose of pryzing it up or shoving it along—see Bobokong.

, a brass basin or bowl. It may not improbably be derived from Boku, C. 479, the hand bent as if to receive water; a piece of cloth, or any thing that is pliable, as a leaf, a piece of paper &c bent into a hollow shape, as a Sugar peper &c.

, a kind of wild Arum growing in swampy places, which the Chinese often boil up and give to pigs.

, a small native yam or potatoe; same as Man tang. Convolvulus Batatas.

, a half amphibious fish, found on the sea shores of Java, sometimes in the pools of half stagnant water, and sometimes crawling up on the sand and mud, in which it burrows. Chironectes.

, having a hole in it, as a bag, basket, boat &c.

, awake but not sensible, in a sort of trance. So far awake from sleep, that the eyes are open, and seeing what is going on, without their owner having the power to move.

, a rope or halter with one end adapted to fit a horse's head.

, a musical instrument belonging to the Gamelan. It is a frame in which cords are firmly stretched, and on which a number of small brass pots are set which are tapped with a wooden hammer.

, said of well filled fruit.

, staring, agog.

, name of a small bird, with dark brown body, and white head.

, as Sabondoroyot, a collection of immediate relatives. Our near relations; called also Saboronjotan.

, Portuguese, a child's doll.

, your fault, you are to blame; carelessly, without thought, without due consideration. Bong'an sia pandeuri, it is your fault that you are left behind.

, a hole in a tree or in a post. Any snug deep hole in which to stow anything away. A chink.

, an opening made in jungle, tall grass &c, a clear passage.

, said to a child which has difficulty in swallowing, with a view to induce it to disgorge.

, a hole or small opening to peep through.

, look out for yourself, take care of your own matters.

, to tear open, to pull roughly to pieces. To upheave, to take the contents out of a prow or boat.