text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/448

414 But the tear which now burns on my cheek may impart

The deep thoughts that dwell in that silence of heart.

2.

Too brief for our passion, too long for our peace,

Were those hours—can their joy or their bitterness cease?

We repent, we abjure, we will break from our chain,—

We will part, we will fly to—unite it again!

3.

Oh! thine be the gladness, and mine be the guilt!

Forgive me, adored one!—forsake, if thou wilt;—

But the heart which is thine shall expire undebased

And man shall not break it—whatever thou mayst.

4.

And stern to the haughty, but humble to thee,

This soul, in its bitterest blackness, shall be:

And our days seem as swift, and our moments more sweet,

With thee by my side, than with worlds at our feet.


text:
Page:Auerbach-Spinozanovel.djvu/202

180 ever much it is to be deprecated, does it not prove an authority of the human mind over the body, which extends even to the annihilation thereof?"

"The arrogance of humanity!" answered the physician; "that is the original sin that adheres to us all. What you speak of may just as well be the result of physical causes, what men call instinct in animals without reason. For example, a marten or a rat which is caught by one foot in a trap will bite off that foot with its own teeth and run away. A yet more striking example: in my travels in lower Italy I often saw the peasants enjoy a cruel pleasure in throwing a scorpion into the centre of a pretty large circle of glowing cinders. The poor animal tried to fly, and shot from one side to the other, but was everywhere stopped by the glowing ring; it raised its head as if entreating the mercy of the bystanders, but all laughed and cheered, and no one offered it means of exit; then it shot into the circle in a rage, hunted by anxiety and despair, and tried to force the glowing cinders with its claws, but quickly retreated and writhed through its whole body. When it no longer saw means of escape, it crouched in the middle of the circle far away from the flames. Without motion it lay as if dead, but suddenly putting out the sting of its tail, it reared itself with all its might, stabbed itself through, and was dead. Tell me, did the scorpion feel its independent spiritual individuality?"

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Page:Auerbach-Spinozanovel.djvu/202


text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part IV. A. 2.djvu/26

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive  : recognition of the Associated States "by the other non-Communist states of Southeast and South Asia.

 * "e. In the event of overt attack by organized Chinese Communist forces against Indochina, the United States should not permit itself to become engaged in a general war with Communist China but should, in concert with the United Kingdom, support France and the Associated States by all means short of the actual employment of United States military forces. This support should include appropriate expansion of the present military assistance program and endeavors to induce States in the neighborhood of Indochina to commit armed forces to resist the aggression.

 * "f. The United States should immediately reconsider its policy toward Indochina whenever it appears that the French Government may abandon its military position in that country or plans to refer the problem of Indochina to the United Nations. Unless the situation throughout the world generally, and Indochina specifically, changes materially, the United States should seek to dissuade the French from referring the Indochina question to the United Nations.

 * "g. Inasmuch as the United States-sponsored resolution, 'Uniting for Peace,' has been adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, and should a situation develop in Indochina in a manner similar to that in Korea in which United Nations forces were required, the United States would then probably be morally obligated to contribute its armed forces designated for service on behalf of the United Nations. It is, therefore, in the interests of the United States to take such action in Indochina as would forestall the need for the General Assembly to invoke the provisions of the resolution, 'Uniting for Peace.' ..."

The JCS also proposed long-term objectives, urging the development of an underground guerrilla warfarecapability, a psychological warfare program ("to demonstrate the evils of Communism....and to warn...of renewed Chinese imperialism"), and encouragement of an appropriate regional security arrangement. These concepts formed the heart of an NSC Staff Study of December 28. The initial decision to give assistance was confirmed after nearly one year's continual re-examination, and remained basic to U.S. policy for the remainder of the war.

 * 7.

 * a.

The U.S. military assistance program to the French and Associated States was implemented rapidly, considering the major U.S. Rh


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/449

Rh 5.

One sigh of thy sorrow, one look of thy love,

Shall turn me or fix, shall reward or reprove;

And the heartless may wonder at all I resign—

Thy lip shall reply, not to them, but to mine. May 4, 1814. [First published, Letters and Journals, 1830, i. 554.]

ADDRESS INTENDED TO BE RECITED AT THE CALEDONIAN MEETING.

hath not glowed above the page where Fame

Hath fixed high Caledon's unconquered name;

The mountain-land which spurned the Roman chain,

And baffled back the fiery-crested Dane,

Whose bright claymore and hardihood of hand

No foe could tame—no tyrant could command?

That race is gone—but still their children breathe,

And Glory crowns them with redoubled wreath:

O'er Gael and Saxon mingling banners shine,

And, England! add their stubborn strength to thine.


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/Stanzas for Music. "I speak not, I trace not, I breathe not thy name"


text:
Page:Weird Tales volume 36 number 02.djvu/24

N THE north, a glittering serpent of almost equal size seemed crawling southward to meet the advancing Bunt columns.

"Your desert eyes see well," declared Khal Kan. "Now we wait."

The two armies drew closer to each other. Horns were blaring now down in the Bunt columns, and the green bowmen were hastily forming up in double columns, a solid, blocky formation. More slowly, they advanced.

Trumpets roared in the north, where the footmen of Jotan marched steadily on. Faintly to the two on the ridge came the distant chorus.

"There is my uncle, damn him!" exclaimed Khal Kan, pointing.

He felt the old, bitter rage as he saw the stalwart, bright-helmed figure that rode with a group of Bunts at the head of the green men's army.

"He leads them to the battle," he muttered. "He never was a coward, whatever else he is. But today I will wipe out his menace to Jotan."

"They are fighting!" Golden Wings cried, with flaring eagerness.

Clouds of arrows were whizzing between the two nearing armies, as Jotan archers and Bunt bowmen came within range.

Men began to drop in both armies—but in the Jotan army four fell for every stricken Bunt.

"Something's wrong!" Khal Kan cried. "Every man of ours who is even touched by an arrow is falling. I can't—"

"Poison!" hissed Golden Wings. "Theyare using poisoned arrows. It's a trick I've heard of the Nameless Men of the far north."

Khal Kan stared unbelievingly. "Even the Bunts wouldn't use such hideous means! Yet my uncle is ruthless—"

Red rage misted his brain, and his voice was an unhuman roar as he turned and shouted to his tensely waiting horsemen.

"Our men are being slain by foul magic!" he yelled. "Down upon them—we strike for Jotan!"

It was as though he and Golden Wings were riding the forefront of a human avalanche as they charged down the steep slope to the battle.

They smashed home into the flank of the Bunts. The green men gave way in surprise and momentary terror. Kahl Kan's sword whipped like a lash of light among ugly green heads and thrusting spears. As always, in a fight, he moved by pure instinct rather than by conscious design.

Yet he kept Golden Wings a little behind him. The girl was fiercely wielding her light sword against those on the ground who sought to hamstring Khal Kan's horse with spear or sword. His riders were yelling shrilly.

HE crazy confusion of the battle took on definite pattern. The Bunts had recoiled from the unexpected attack, but Egir was reforming them.

Khal Kan shouted and spurred to get at Egir. He could see his uncle's giant form, his cynical, powerful face under his helmet, and could hear his bull voice directing the reforming of the Bunt columns.

But he could not smash through the mad melee toward Egir. And now poisoned Bunt arrows were falling, dropping men from their saddles.

Brusul had reached him, was shouting to him. "Prince, your father is slain—one of those hellish arrows."

Khal Kan's heart went cold for a moment. He hardly heard Brusul's hoarse voice, shouting on.

"We can't face those poisoned shafts here in the open! Unless we fall back,


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vermont

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vermont


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/469

Rh Even in this low world of care

Freedom ne'er shall want an heir;

Millions breathe but to inherit

Her for ever bounding spirit—

When once more her hosts assemble,

Tyrants shall believe and tremble—

Smile they at this idle threat?

Crimson tears will follow yet.

[First published, Morning Chronicle, March 15, 1816.]

STANZAS FOR MUSIC.

1.

be none of Beauty's daughters

With a magic like thee;

And like music on the waters

Is thy sweet voice to me:

When, as if its sound were causing

The charmed Ocean's pausing,

The waves lie still and gleaming,

And the lulled winds seem dreaming:


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/470

436 2.

And the midnight Moon is weaving

Her bright chain o'er the deep;

Whose breast is gently heaving,

As an infant's asleep:

So the spirit bows before thee,

To listen and adore thee;

With a full but soft emotion,

Like the swell of Summer's ocean. March 28 [1816]. [First published, Poems, 1816.]

ON THE STAR OF "THE LEGION OF HONOUR."

[FROM THE FRENCH.]

1.

of the brave!—whose beam hath shed

Such glory o'er the quick and dead—

Thou radiant and adored deceit!

Which millions rushed in arms to greet,—

Wild meteor of immortal birth!

Why rise in Heaven to set on Earth?

2.

Souls of slain heroes formed thy rays;

Eternity flashed through thy blaze;

The music of thy martial sphere

Was fame on high and honour here;


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Passion-flower

PASSION-FLOWER (Passiflora). A genus of fifty known species of mostly climbing plants of the natural order Passifloraceæ. The species, which are almost exclusively natives of the warm parts of America, have alternate, simple, variously lobed leaves, from the axils of which tendrils are produced. The flowers are usually hermaphrodite, with a generally fine segmented

colored calyx, and similarly segmented or absent corolla. Several rows of filamentous processes spring from within the cup, which is formed by the consolidated calyx and corolla. The genus received its name from fanciful persons among the first Spanish settlers in America who imagined a representation of the Lord's passion, the filamentous processes being taken to represent the crown of thorns, the three styles the nails of the cross, and the five anthers the marks of the wounds. On account of the large and beautiful flowers, many of the species are cultivated in greenhouses; some are also grown in tropical countries for their fruit, particularly Passiflora edulis, or granadilla (q.v.). Passiflora quadrangularis is a larger edible species known as the large granadilla. One of the best known species is Passiflora cærulea, a native of Peru and Brazil, extensively grown for its beautiful white, pale blue, or rose-colored flowers. Like most species, it succeeds in the open only in tropical and subtropical climates. Among the popular cultivated species are Passifiora gracilis and Passifiora racemosa. About ten species are natives of the United States, among which are Passiflora incarnata, the May-pop of the Southern States, a showy flowered edible fruited species. The passion-flower is propagated by seeds and by cuttings of the young wood.


text:
The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/Stanzas for Music. "There be none of Beauty's daughters"

Sloky pro hudbu Стансы для музыки (Байрон/Бальмонт)


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Passionists

PASSIONISTS. The name generally applied to the order formally known as “Barefooted Clerks of the Holy Cross and Passion of Our Lord,” founded by Saint Paul of the Cross (q.v.). Their first permanent settlement was made on Monte Argentaro, near Genoa, in 1737; they received the first Papal approbation as a society of mission preachers from Benedict XIV. in 1741, and their rule, modified in some points, was again confirmed by Clement XIV. in 1769, who four years later gave them the Church of Saints John and Paul on the Cœlian Hill in Rome, now the headquarters of the Order. The members take, besides the usual monastic vows, a fourth to remember and meditate continually upon the sufferings of Christ. Their work is principally the conversion of sinners, especially by preaching missions. Their habit is black, with a white heart-shaped piece of stuff sewed on the left breast, in which are represented the instruments of the passion—cross, nails, crown of thorns, etc. The general (prœpositus) is elected by the general chapter for six years; each house has a rector, chosen for three years. The Order has now eight provinces—four in Italy, one in England, one in America, one in France, and one in Spain. In 1901 they numbered eighty-seven professed fathers in the United States (to which they came in 1852), with ten monasteries.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/371

 HORNE, WILLIAM  (1774–1860), lawyer, born in 1774, was second son of the Rev. Thomas Horne, who kept a private school at Chiswick, where Lord Lyndhurst was educated. He was admitted student at Lincoln's Inn on 3 June 1793, and called to the bar on 23 June 1798. Twenty years later (1818) he became a king's counsel, and on 6 Nov. 1818 was made a bencher of his inn (Lincoln's Inn Registers). After he had been for many years distinguished as a leader in the court of chancery he was created in 1830 attorney-general to Queen Adelaide. When Brougham became lord chancellor a law officer was necessary to assist him in the court of chancery, and Horne was appointed. He became solicitor-general on 26 Nov. 1830, and was knighted in the same month; but his abilities made him no match for Sugden in the courts, and in the House of Commons he was deficient in adroitness. He sat for Helston in Cornwall from 1812 to 1818, and now that he was an officer of the crown a seat was found for him at Bletchingley, Surrey, from 18 Feb. to the dissolution on 23 April 1831, and for Newtown in the Isle of Wight for the parliament of 1831–2. After the Reform Bill he represented the new constituency of Marylebone (1833–4). When Denman succeeded as lord chief justice, Brougham made a vain attempt to induce Sir John Bayley [q. v.] to retire from the court of exchequer to make way for Horne there. Horne was raised to the post of attorney-general (November 1832), and Campbell [see, first , 1779–1861] took the vacant place of solicitor-general, with the understanding that he should ‘conduct all government prosecutions in the king's bench and be consulted separately when necessary.’ Campbell was not long in pressing his claims to promotion, and Bayley was at last forced into resignation in Horne's favour (February 1834). Horne had ‘conscientious scruples against pronouncing sentence of death, and therefore could not go the circuit or sit in a criminal court.’ After a conversation with the lord chancellor, he imagined that the court was to be remodelled, and that he would not be called upon to undertake these duties; but this plan, if ever entertained by Brougham, proved impracticable, and it was at last intimated to Horne that he must either resign or be superseded. He replied ‘with great spirit’ that he would vacate his office, and thereupon withdrew to private practice. After several years he accepted from Lord Cottenham, on 23 July 1839, the post of master in chancery, and held it until 1853. Horne died at 49 Upper Harley Street, London, on 13 July 1860. Campbell acknowledged Horne's ‘many valuable qualities,’ and Brougham referred to the ‘abominable treatment of Horne’ and his ‘admirable and truly unexampled behaviour.’ His wife, a Miss Hesse, whom he married in 1800, died there on 12 Nov. 1849. They had a large family. His third son, Francis Woodley Horne, a major in the 7th hussars, was killed in the Indian mutiny on the River Raptee in 1858, and is commemorated on a tablet in Little Berkhampstead Church (, Hertfordshire, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 168).

HORNEBOLT, or HORNEBAUD, HORENBOUT, HOORENBAULT, HOREBOUT, GERARD (1480?–1540), painter, was born about 1480 at Ghent, of a family which had produced numerous artists since 1414. The earliest notice of him is a payment to him in the communal accounts for the year 1510–11 for a plan of part of the town of Ghent. His chief patron at Ghent was the Abbé Lievin Huguenois of the cathedral church, for whom he executed two pictures—one of the ‘Flagellation,’ and the other of ‘The Deposition from the Cross,’ formerly in the church of St. Bavon—a diptych with the portrait of the abbé adoring the Virgin and Child, lately in the collection of M. C. Onghena at Ghent, by whom it was engraved (see Messager des Sciences Historiques, 1833, p. 16), and the designs for the fine chasuble and cope still preserved in the treasury of St. Bavon, also engraved by Onghena (, Eglises de Gand, i. 164). In December 1517 Hornebolt was already married, as appears by a deed preserved at Ghent to which he and his wife, Margaret Svanders, daughter of Derick Svanders and widow of Jan van Heerweghe, were parties. Hornebolt was celebrated as one of the best illuminators of the day, and was largely employed by Margaret of Austria, the regent of the Netherlands, for whom he executed several walls, including a portrait of Christian II of Denmark. He attended her at Bruges, Mechlin, and Antwerp, and it was probably on one of these journeys that Albrecht Dürer met him at Antwerp in 1521, as recorded in Dürer's diary of his journey to the Netherlands. His reputation as an illuminator has led to the identification of Gerard Hornebolt with the ‘Gherardo da Guanto,’ one of the traditional collaborators in the famous breviary of Car-


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Passion Play

PASSION PLAY. A performance which takes place every tenth year in the village of Oberammergau, in the Bavarian highlands. In 1633, as an act of gratitude for the cessation of a plague which had desolated the surrounding country, the villagers vowed to represent the passion of Christ every ten years, and have ever since observed their vow. The inhabitants of this secluded spot, long noted for their skill in carving wood and ivory, have a rare union of artistic cultivation with perfect simplicity. The personator of Christ considers his part an act of religious devotion; he and the other principal performers are said to be selected for their holy

life, and consecrated to their work with prayer. The players, about six hundred in number, are all villagers, who, though they have no artistic instruction except from the parish priest, act their parts with much dramatic power and a delicate appreciation of character. The Gospel narrative is closely followed; the acts alternate with tableaux from the Old Testament and choral odes. Many thousands of the peasantry are attracted by the spectacle from all parts of the Tyrol and Bavaria, among whom the same earnest and devout demeanor prevails as among the performers. Consult: Stead, The Passion Play (London, 1890); Grein, Das Oberammergauer Passionspiel (Leipzig, 1880), See .


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/460

426 As caverned waters wear the stone,

Yet dropping harden there;

They cannot petrify more fast,

Than feelings sunk remain,

Which coldly fixed regard the past,

But never melt again. [First published, Works, Paris, 1826, p. 716.]

STANZAS FOR MUSIC.

1.

be the place of thy soul!

No lovelier spirit than thine

E'er burst from its mortal control,

In the orbs of the blessed to shine.

On earth thou wert all but divine,

As thy soul shall immortally be;

And our sorrow may cease to repine

When we know that thy God is with thee.

2.

Light be the turf of thy tomb!

May its verdure like emeralds be!

There should not be the shadow of gloom

In aught that reminds us of thee.


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/461

Rh Young flowers and an evergreen tree

May spring from the spot of thy rest:

But nor cypress nor yew let us see;

For why should we mourn for the blest? [First published, Examiner, June 4, 1815.]

NAPOLEON'S FAREWELL.

[FROM THE FRENCH.]

1.

to the Land, where the gloom of my Glory

Arose and o'ershadowed the earth with her name—

She abandons me now—but the page of her story,

The brightest or blackest, is filled with my fame.

I have warred with a World which vanquished me only

When the meteor of conquest allured me too far;

I have coped with the nations which dread me thus lonely,

The last single Captive to millions in war.

2.

Farewell to thee, France! when thy diadem crowned me,

I made thee the gem and the wonder of earth,—

But thy weakness decrees I should leave as I found thee,

Decayed in thy glory, and sunk in thy worth.


text:
The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/Stanzas for Music. "Bright be the place of thy soul!"

Мелодия (Да будет вечный мир с тобой! — Байрон/Дуров)


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Passover

PASSOVER (translation of Heb. pesach, a passing over, from pāsach, to pass over). The first of the three chief festivals prescribed by the Pentateuchal codes (Ex. xii.; Lev. xxiii. 4-8; Num. ix. 1-14: xxviii. 16-25; Deut. xvi. 1-8). Its celebration begins on the evening of the fourteenth day of Nisan (corresponding to the older Abib) and lasts for eight days. The Jewish Church associates the festival with the Exodus from Egypt, and this historical character was so impressed upon it as to obscure its original significance. By a careful study, however, of the passages referring to the Passover in the various Pentateuchal codes, modern scholars claim that they have traced the gradual development of the festival and have shown that it was a mixture of various elements, originally having nothing to do one with the other. In the first place, distinction must be made between two festivals combined in the Passover, viz. (1) a feast of unleavened bread known as maṣṣōth, and (2) a festival in which the chief rite was the sacrifice of a sheep within the family circle and the sprinkling of the lintels and doorposts of the houses with the blood. This sacrifice was called pesach. Of these two festivals the former is the old Canaanitish harvest festival, commemorative of the first ripening of the corn, which the Hebrews naturally adopted when they took possession of the Canaanitish soil. Thanksgiving offerings were made on this occasion to Yahweh as the ‘Baal,’ to whom the land belonged. Since the presentation of such gifts, consisting of the first-fruit sheaf, involved a visit to a Yahweh sanctuary, the occasion became a khāg—the ancient Semitic designation for a mirthful festival with dances and processions at a sanctuary and a sacrificial meal as the symbol of communion between the god and his worshipers. It was customary at this festival to eat only unleavened bread, which merely represents the usual food during the harvest season, when the people, busy with field labors, did not take time to wait in baking their bread until the completion of the slow process involved in the leavening of the dough; hence the festival became known as the khāg ham-maṣṣōth, i.e. the festival of unleavened bread. On the other hand, the sacrifice of the pesach stands in no connection with agriculture and is originally a rite of propitiation or lustration observed during a pestilence or on some other special occasion. It consisted in sprinkling with blood the entrance to the house (or tent), which was particularly sacred. It is still customary among the Bedouins to sprinkle their camels and flocks with blood as a protection against the ravages of a pestilence. This blood

rite, from being indulged in on extraordinary occasions, became a regular custom observed in the spring, the bearing time of the flocks, when it became especially important to secure the protection of the deity. Already in the earliest of the Pentateuchal codes these two festivals, one belonging to the agricultural stage, the other a survival of the nomadic stage, are brought into connection with the Exodus from Egypt, and combined with each other. The combination once made, there resulted a series of ceremonial observances which gradually assumed the elaborate character of the Jewish Passover festival. The sprinkling of the blood became the symbol of the protection granted the Hebrews by Yahweh at the time that pestilence struck the Egyptian households. The offerings of the first-fruits of the field to Yahweh led to the view that firstlings of the flock and the first-born of the household likewise belonged to the deity. The sacrificial lamb and the unleavened bread were also brought into connection with the Exodus, the former pictured as a ceremony indulged in on the eve of the departure of the people, the latter a symbol of the ‘haste’ with which the deliverance was brought about, so that the people did not have time to bake bread from leavened dough. In later Judaism the historical association was still further emphasized, and there grew up an elaborate service for the eve of the Passover, known as the sēder, the chief features of which were the recalling of the Exodus by reciting the narrative in the household, the preparation of dishes symbolizing the affliction and hardships of the people in Egypt, together with thanksgivings and songs of praise accompanied by benedictions over wine for the miraculous deliverance. For eight days unleavened cakes are eaten and no food prepared of any leaven material is to be eaten. In fact, all traces of leaven are to be removed out of the house, and in orthodox Jewish households separate sets of dishes are used during the eight days of the Passover. In the Christian Church the paschal lamb became preëminently the type of the sacrifice of Christ.

. Consult the Hebrew archæologies of Nowack and Benzinger, and the commentaries on Exodus by Dillmann, Strack, Baentsch; R. Schäfer, Das Passah-Mazzot Fest nach seinem Ursprung und seiner Entwickelung (Gütersloh, 1900); Trumbull, The Threshold Covenant (New York, 1890); and for the later Jewish customs, Schröder, Satzungen und Gebräuche des talmudisch-rabbinischen Judenthums (Bremen, 1851); Dembitz, The Jewish Services in Synagogue and Home (Philadelphia, 1898).


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/472

438 7.

And Freedom hallows with her tread

The silent cities of the dead;

For beautiful in death are they

Who proudly fall in her array;

And soon, oh, Goddess! may we be

For evermore with them or thee! [First published, Examiner, April 7, 1816.]

STANZAS FOR MUSIC.


text:
The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/Stanzas for Music. "They say that Hope is happiness"

Sanotaan, toivoss’ onni on


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Passow, Franz

PASSOW, päs'sṓ, (1786-1833). A German philologist. He was born at Ludwigslust, studied at Leipzig, and was called in 1807 to the chair of Greek in the Weimar Gymnasium, and in 1815 to that of ancient literature in the University of Breslau. His principal work is his Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache (1819-24). He also published Grundzüge der griechischen und römischen Litteratur- und Kunstgeschichte (2d ed., 1829), and other volumes.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/372

 dinal Grimani in the Library of St. Mark at Venice (see L'Anonimo da Jacopo Morelli, ed. Frizzoni); but it has been satisfactorily proved that this designation belonged to Gerard David, the famous painter of Bruges (see and, The Hours of Albert of Brandenburg). Little of Hornebolt's illuminated work can be identified. A small manuscript, lately in private hands at Ghent, is believed to be by him. Gerard Hornebolt came over to England with Luke Hornebolt (see below) about 1528, and was appointed painter to Henry VIII. Payments occur to him in the household accounts, beginning in October 1528, at a rate of 20l. per annum. He died in 1540, as is proved by an entry in the communal accounts at Ghent. His wife died at Fulham, 26 Nov. 1529, and was buried in the church there, where a brass, designed no doubt by her husband, still remains to her memory (see Messager des Sciences Historiques', 1857, p. 233).

, or, (d. 1544), painter, was a near relative of the above. Guicciardini (Descrittione di tutti i Paesi-Bassi) speaks of Gerard's daughter Susanna as his sister when extolling their merits as illuminators. If Guicciardini be correct, Lucas would therefore be Gerard's son, but it is more probable that he was his brother or cousin, for his name occurs in the accounts of the household of Henry VIII in 1528 conjointly with that of Gerard, but in receipt of a larger salary, 33l. 6s. per annum, paid monthly. In one of these entries he is styled ‘pictor-maker.’ In 1531, and again in 1532, he had a license granted him to export four hundred quarters of barley. He was made a denizen by patent 22 June 1534, and was appointed by another patent on the same day to the office of king's painter, with a tenement and piece of ground in the parish of St. Margaret, Westminster (see Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. iv. 356). In the list of New-year's gifts to the king in 1540 appears ‘by Lewcas, paynter, a skrene to set afore the fyre, standing uppon a fote of wode, and the skrene blew worsted,’ for which in return ‘luke hornebaude, that gave the skryne, received vis. viijd.’ He was without doubt the ‘Meister Lucas’ who taught Hans Holbein [q. v.] the art of miniature-painting. He died in May 1544; an entry of that date in the household books runs: ‘Item, for Lewke Hornebaude, paynter, wagis nihil, quia mortuus.’ In his will, dated 8 Dec. 1543, he leaves one-third of his property to his daughter Jacomina, and the other two-thirds to his wife Margaret, to whom letters of administration were granted on 27 May 1544. He expressed his wish to be buried in the parish of St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. The name of Hornebolt has attached itself to the portrait of Henry VIII, of which various versions exist at Warwick Castle, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and elsewhere, but there is no evidence to support the tradition.

(1503–1545), who was daughter of Gerard and Margaret Hornebolt, is mentioned by Dürer as being with her father at Antwerp in 1521. Dürer purchased an illumination of ‘The Saviour’ by her. Guicciardini and Vasari extol her excellence as an illuminator. She came to England with her parents, and married John Parker, yeoman of the robes in the royal household. She is stated in another account to have died at Worcester in 1545 as the wife of a ‘sculptor’ called Worsley. One Worsley is mentioned in the list of the royal household, and she may have married him after Parker's death.

 HORNEBY, HENRY (d. 1518), master of Peterhouse, was perhaps a native of Lincolnshire. He became a member of Clare Hall, and was afterwards elected to a fellowship at Michaelhouse. He took orders and proceeded D.D. in 1491. Horneby was appointed dean of St. Chad's, Shrewsbury, 2 Feb. 1492–3, rector of Burton Bradstock in Dorset, 12 Dec. 1495, prebendary of Southwell, holding the prebend of Normanton, on 1 March 1495–6, prebendary of Lincoln by the prebend of Nassington in the cathedral, 1501. At some time he was master of the college at Tattershall in Lincolnshire, certainly in 1503 and 1515. He was dean of the collegiate church of Wimborne, held the prebend of Netherhall in the church of Ledbury, Herefordshire, was rector of Over in Cambridgeshire, rector of Orwell in the same county from 1508, and in 1509 was chosen master of Peterhouse. All these preferments were not held together, but Horneby certainly kept Burton Bradstock, Over, Orwell, and the prebend of Normanton until his death.

Horneby was dean of the chapel, secretary, and chancellor to Margaret, countess of Richmond, the founder of St. John's College; was one of her executors, and greatly assisted the new college in its first years. He acted for some years as receiver for the estate which the countess had bequeathed for the founda-


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/457

Rh To see thee moves the scorner's mirth:

But tears in Hope's averted eye

Lament that even thou hadst birth—

Unfit to govern, live, or die. February 12, 1815. [First published, 1831.]

STANZAS FOR MUSIC.

O Lachrymarum fons, tenero sacros

Ducentium ortus ex animo: quater

Felix! in imo qui scatentem

Pectore te, pia Nympha, sensit." Poemata. [Motto to "The Tear," Poetical Works, 1898, i. 49.]

1.

not a joy the world can give like that it takes away,

When the glow of early thought declines in Feeling's dull decay;

'Tis not on Youth's smooth cheek the blush alone, which fades so fast,

But the tender bloom of heart is gone, ere Youth itself be past.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/375

 (Memoirs, i. 173). During a short visit to London in the spring of 1802 he finally determined to come to the English bar, and was admitted a student of Lincoln's Inn on 26 April of that year. Horner, Jeffrey, and Sydney Smith were the original founders of the ‘Edinburgh Review.’ The first number appeared in November 1802, with four articles by Horner. In March 1803 Horner left Edinburgh, and in the following July established himself in Garden Court, Temple. On 16 May 1804 he made his first appearance at the bar of the House of Lords; but owing to nervousness ‘scarcely could finish a sentence, and could find no variety of language to express distinct ideas … my tongue in truth clove to the roof of my mouth’ (ib. i. 251). In the following month, at the request of the chairman, Horner consented to undertake an exposition of the views of the East India Company with respect to the extension of their territory, and an examination of the governor-general's conduct in the Mahratta war. No trace, however, of this ‘exposition’ has been found either among Horner's papers or among the archives of the India House (ib. p. 252 n.). In February 1806 he was appointed by Lord Minto to the seat vacated by Mr. Ryder at the board of commissioners entrusted with the duty of adjusting the claims of the creditors of the nabob of Arcot. Through the influence of Lord Henry Petty and Lord Kinnaird, Horner was returned for the borough of St. Ives at the general election in November 1806, in the whig interest. Writing to his friend J. A. Murray, Horner gives an account of his canvass, and relates how he ‘shook every individual voter by the hand, stinking with brine and pilchard juice, repeated the same smiles and cajoleries to every one of them, and kissed some women that were very pretty’ (ib. i. 381). He made his maiden speech in the House of Commons on 27 Jan. 1807 (Parl. Debates, viii. 559), but did not take any part in the more important debates of that short-lived parliament.

Horner was called to the English bar on 13 June 1807, and chose the western circuit. As he had not obtained a seat at the general election in the previous May, he was returned, through the influence of Lord Carrington, for the borough of Wendover at a by-election in the following July. Towards the close of 1808 Horner removed from Garden Court to 7 New Square, Lincoln's Inn. Hitherto he had refrained from taking part in any great debate in the house, and Jeffrey, writing to him on 2 April 1809, asked: ‘Why do you not make speeches, if you will not write reviews? … trample this fastidiousness under your feet; make yourself known for what you are, and at thirty-one, and in the crisis of Europe, do not still think of training yourself for futurity’ (Memoirs, i. 455–6). Finding his duties on the Arcot commission incompatible with his profession, Horner retired during the summer of this year. On 1 Feb. 1810 he moved for eight different returns respecting bullion and the issue of bank-notes (Parl. Debates, xv. 269–272), and on the 19th a committee was appointed, upon his motion, ‘to inquire into the cause of the high price of gold bullion, and to take into consideration the state of the circulating medium and of the exchange between Great Britain and foreign parts’ (Journals of the House of Commons, lxv. 105). Horner was chosen chairman of the committee, which consisted of twenty-two members, and sat for thirty-one days. Their report, styled by Horner ‘a motley composition by Huskisson, Thornton, and myself’ (Memoirs, ii. 47), recommending the resumption of cash payments at the end of two years, on the ground that the mutual convertibility of notes and gold was an essential foundation of sound business, was presented to the house on 8 June (Parl. Papers, 1810; Reports from Committees, iii. 1–232). On 20 Dec., in a speech which made a great impression on the house, Horner supported Ponsonby in urging the adoption of an address, in opposition to the ministerial proposal that the regent should be appointed by bill (Parl. Debates, xviii. 299–311). In January 1811 Lord Grenville, anticipating that the formation of a new ministry would be entrusted to him, offered Horner the post of financial secretary of the treasury. This offer Horner declined, on the ground that he had resolved on entering parliament not to take any political office until he was rich enough to live at ease out of office. On 6 May the bullion report was considered in a committee of the whole house. Horner moved a series of sixteen resolutions, embodying the opinion of the select committee, in a speech occupying three hours in delivery (ib. xix. 799–832). His resolutions, however, were defeated by the anti-bullionists, and a few days afterwards Vansittart's counter-resolutions were carried. Parliament was dissolved in September 1812, and as Lord Carrington had to provide for a nephew who had come of age since the last election, as well as for his son-in-law, Horner was once more without a seat. The Marquis of Buckingham, however, came to his assistance, and in April 1813 Horner was returned for the borough of St. Mawes. In the following June Horner deprecated any measure to prevent the importation of corn from foreign countries by a system of


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/458

424 2.

Then the few whose spirits float above the wreck of happiness

Are driven o'er the shoals of guilt or ocean of excess:

The magnet of their course is gone, or only points in vain

The shore to which their shivered sail shall never stretch again.

3.

Then the mortal coldness of the soul like Death itself comes down;

It cannot feel for others' woes, it dare not dream its own;

That heavy chill has frozen o'er the fountain of our tears,

And though the eye may sparkle still, 'tis where the ice appears.

4.

Though wit may flash from fluent lips, and mirth distract the breast,

Through midnight hours that yield no more their former hope of rest;

'Tis but as ivy-leaves around the ruined turret wreath,

All green and wildly fresh without, but worn and grey beneath.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/376

 graduated duties, contending that it was only by ‘artificial prices that the poor were prevented from living without being burdensome on the community’ (ib. xxvi. 669). In the following year he again took part in the discussions on the corn trade, and on 28 June moved for the production of papers to show how far the ministers had endeavoured, in their negotiations for peace, to obtain the abolition of the African slave trade on the part of France (ib. xxviii. 384–90). On 21 Feb. 1815 he supported Lambton's motion on the Genoa question in an animated speech (ib. xxix. 950–2), and two days afterwards opposed Robinson's corn law resolutions in a speech of considerable length.

Horner had now fairly established himself in the front rank of the parliamentary speakers of the day, and Mackintosh, while referring to these last-mentioned speeches, declared that ‘two such speeches had never been made in the House of Commons by the same person in one week, or at least not for a great many years.’ On 20 March a vote of thanks to Horner and Alexander Baring was passed by the common council of the city of London ‘for their able and indefatigable exertions in opposing the Corn Bill in the honourable House of Commons.’ In the same month Horner took part in the discussion of the Bank Restriction Bill, and insisted that the bank should resume cash payments as soon as possible. Siding with Lord Grey in his opinion that it was the duty of the allies to make use of every opportunity for maintaining the peace, Horner voted for Whitbread's amendment to the address on 7 April (ib. xxx. 463), and in a letter to the Marquis of Buckingham handsomely offered to resign his seat for St. Mawes, an offer which, to the credit of the marquis, was not accepted. On 13 Feb. 1816 Horner strenuously urged the reduction of the peace establishment (ib. xxxii. 439–40), and on the following day obtained leave to bring in a bill ‘to regulate proceedings of grand juries in Ireland upon bills of indictment’ (ib. pp. 547–50), which, in spite of the opposition of the Irish judges, was eventually passed into law (56 Geo. III, c. 87). On 26 Feb. he condemned the terms of the treaties in a speech (Parl. Debates, xxxii. 770–82) which Lord Colchester is said to have declared was ‘most powerful, argumentative, and profound, and altogether one of the most able speeches he had ever heard in that house.’ Horner denounced the Alien Bill as unconstitutional, and on 1 May moved for a select committee to inquire into the expediency of restoring the cash payments of the Bank of England, and the safest and most advantageous means of effecting it’ (ib. xxxiv. 139–48, 165–6), which was rejected by a majority of 73. On 25 June he spoke for the last time in the House of Commons, and expressed his hope of a speedy settlement of the catholic claims (ib. xxxiv. 1259–60).

In the summer of this year (1816) Horner's health failed, and under the advice of his doctors he left England in October. He arrived towards the end of the following month at Pisa. There he died on 8 Feb. 1817, aged 38, and was buried in the protestant cemetery at Leghorn, where a monument was erected to his memory, at one end of which a likeness of Horner was executed in relief by Sir Francis Chantrey. On moving for a new writ for St. Mawes on 3 March 1817, Lord Morpeth paid a generous tribute to Horner's merits, in which Canning, Sir Samuel Romilly, and others joined (ib. xxxv. 841–50). The speeches made upon this occasion were afterwards translated into Italian by Ugo Foscolo (London, 1817, 12mo). Horner was a man of sound judgment and unassuming manners, of scrupulous integrity, and great amiability of character. He was a correct and forcible speaker, and though without the gift of eloquence or humour, exercised a remarkable influence in the House of Commons, owing to his personal character. Few men, with such small advantages at the outset of their career, ever acquired in such a short space of time so great a reputation among their contemporaries. As a political economist Horner ranks deservedly high, and though the bullion report, with which his name is identified, produced no immediate legislative result, its effect upon public opinion was so great that Peel was enabled to pass his bill for the gradual resumption of cash payments by the bank a few years afterwards (59 Geo. III, c. 49). Lord Cockburn, in ‘Memorials of his Time,’ has recorded his conviction that ‘Horner was born to show what moderate powers, unaided by anything whatever except culture and goodness, may achieve, even when these powers are displayed amidst the competition and jealousy of public life’ (p. 313), while Scott declared that Horner always put him ‘in mind of Obadiah's bull’ (, Life of Sir Walter Scott, 1845, p. 156).

The original portrait of Horner by Sir Henry Raeburn is now in the National Portrait Gallery. From a note on the back of this portrait it appears that there were ‘three copies of this picture,’ one of which hangs in the hall of the Speculative Society, another belongs to the National Gallery of Scotland (where there is also a bust of Horner by Chantrey), and the third was lent by ‘the Raeburn family’ to the Raeburn Exhibition


text:
Author:Gordon Bottomley

Poetry

 * The Mickle Drede and Other Verses (1896)
 * Poems at White Nights (1899)
 * The Gate of Smaragdus (1904)
 * Chambers of Imagery (1907)
 * A Vision of Giorgione (1910)
 * Chambers of Imagery (1912)
 * Poems of Thirty Years (1925)

Plays

 * The Crier by Night (1902, first publication)
 * Midsummer Eve (1905, first publication)
 * Laodice and Danaë (1909, first publication)
 * The Riding to Lithend (1909, first publication)
 * The Riding to Lithend (1910)
 * Laodice and Danaë (1916)
 * "King Lear's Wife" in Georgian Poetry, 1913-1915 (1915)
 * King Lear's Wife (1916)
 * King Lear's Wife, The Crier by Night, The Riding to Lithend, Midsummer Eve, Laodice and Danaë: Plays by Gordon Bottomley (1920)
 * Gruach and Britain's Daughter (1921)
 * Gruach
 * Britain's Daughter
 * Scenes and Plays (1929)
 * Festival Preludes (1930)
 * A Carol for Christmas—Day before Dawn (1930)
 * Lyric Plays (1932)
 * The Acts of St. Peter (1933)
 * Choric Plays (1939)
 * Kate Kennedy (1945)
 * Poems and Plays (1953)

Editor

 * Poems by Isaac Rosenberg (1922) with introduction by Laurence Binyon

title: Author:Gordon Bottomley


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Passport

PASSPORT (Fr. passeport, from passer, to pass + port, Lat. portus, port, harbor). A written instrument issued by the authority of a government for the identification and protection of its citizens when traveling abroad. It is first a certificate of the citizenship of the bearer,

and, second, a formal permit authorizing him to leave the State of which he is a subject. The origin of the practice of granting passports grew out of the right of nations, which was formerly more frequently exercised than now, to withhold from foreigners the right of transit through their territory. The formal permission granted to a foreigner by a government to pass through its territory was a passport. To avoid the inconvenience of this requirement, the practice was adopted by which a subject of one government leaving his country for travel in another obtained from his government a certificate of citizenship which was accepted by the other government as a passport. This is presented to the foreign government as an identification of the bearer, who, instead of receiving a passport from the foreign government, is given permission to pass through by the act of an officer in putting a visé upon the certificate itself. At present Russia, Turkey, Portugal, and Greece are the only European countries where travelers cannot travel freely without passports, though some of the German States require certification for the purpose of police protection, where parties desire to reside for a considerable period in one place. In the United States passports are issued only by the Department of State and only to citizens upon application supported by proof of citizenship. No distinction is made between native-born and naturalized citizens in the granting of passports. The fee is $1, and a passport for the head of a family includes the wife and minor children. In foreign countries they may be obtained by citizens of the United States only by the chief diplomatic representative or by the consul-general, or, in the absence of both of these officers, by a consul. A fee of $5 is allowed to be charged for each passport granted to a citizen of the United States abroad by a diplomatic representative. An application to a diplomatic officer for a passport by a native citizen must be accompanied by a written declaration under oath stating the name, age, and place of birth of the applicant, supported if possible by the affidavit of a creditable person to whom the applicant is personally known. If the applicant claims to be a naturalized citizen, he must produce a copy of the decree of the court by which he was naturalized. In both cases an oath of allegiance is required for transmission to the Department of State. Every such passport to be valid must be renewed either at the Department of State or at a legation of the United States abroad at the expiration of two years from its date. Passports are not granted to aliens who have declared their intention to become citizens of the United States, although they may obtain authenticated certificates of their declaration of intention, which entitle them to a qualified protection while traveling abroad. Nor are they granted to naturalized citizens who may be inferred from long residence abroad and other circumstances to have abandoned their nationality. The chief value of a passport is that it provides the holder with authentic proof of his national character and frees him from inconveniences which be might otherwise experience while traveling in foreign lands. If lawfully issued it is prima facie evidence of citizenship, and as such must be respected not only by the administrative officers, but by the courts of the government where the holder may be sojourning; but it furnishes no

exemption from the jurisdiction of the country in which he may be. It is nothing more than a request to foreign governments to admit the bearer to the enjoyment of the rights and privileges to which he as citizen of the country issuing the passport may be entitled by treaty or convention.

In some European States no subject is allowed to depart therefrom without first securing a passport from his government authorizing him to leave the country. Where this rule prevails the passport is required to be countersigned by the minister or consul of the country which the bearer visits. In time of war passports or safe conducts arc frequently granted by military commanders to allow persons to pass through the lines or to insure the safety of officers while in the performance of some duty which takes them beyond the lines. They may also be granted for the passage of goods as well as for individuals. Diplomatic representatives upon departing from a State in which they have been residing usually demand and receive passports to enable them to withdraw in safety.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/377

 at Edinburgh in 1876 (Cat. No. 145). An engraving by S. W. Reynolds after Raeburn forms the frontispiece to the first volume of the ‘Memoirs and Correspondence.’ A statue of Horner by Chantrey was erected in the north transept of Westminster Abbey.

From Hewlett's preface to the third edition of the ‘Elements of Algebra by Leonard Euler, translated from the French,’ &c. (London, 1822, 8vo), it appears that Horner was both the translator of the book, the first edition of which was published anonymously in 1797 (London, 8vo, 2 vols.), as well as the author of the short biographical account of Euler contained in it. While at Edinburgh Horner, in conjunction with Dr. Thomas Brown and others, projected a translation of the political and philosophical writings of Turgot, but the scheme seems to have been abandoned. In 1807 Horner wrote ‘a threepenny pamphlet,’ entitled ‘A Short Account of a late Short Administration,’ a reprint of which will be found in the ‘Memoirs’ (i. 490–494, see also p. 401). He never published any of his parliamentary speeches, and on two occasions only was known to have corrected the reports (Memoirs, i. 418, ii. 68). The following is believed to be a complete list of his articles in the ‘Edinburgh Review:’ No. i., October 1802: art. vi., ‘Irvine's Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of Emigration from the Highlands and Western Islands of Scotland;’ art. xi., ‘Christison's General Diffusion of Knowledge one great Cause of the Prosperity of North Britain;’ art. xiv., ‘The Utility of Country Banks;’ art. xxv., ‘Thornton on the Paper Credit of Great Britain.’ No. ii., January 1803: art. xvi., ‘Canard, Principes d'Economie Politique.’ No. iii., April 1803: art. xxiii., ‘Sir John Sinclair's Essays.’ No. iv., July 1803: art. xi., ‘Lord King's Thoughts on the Restriction of Payment in Specie at the Banks of England and Ireland;’ art. xviii., ‘The Trial of John Peltier, Esq., for a Libel against Napoleon Bonaparte,’ &c. No. v., October 1803: art. xvii., ‘Miss Williams's Political and Confidential Correspondence of Lewis XVI.’ No. ix., October 1804: art. xiv., ‘Adams's Letters on Silesia, written during a Tour through that Country in the years 1800, 1801;’ art. xv., ‘Cursory Observations on the Act for ascertaining the Bounties, and for regulating the Exportation and Importation of Corn. By a Member of Parliament.’ No. xiii., October 1805: art. vii., ‘A Short Statement of Facts relative to the late Election of a Mathematical Professor in the University of Edinburgh, &c. By Professor Dugald Stewart;’ art. xiii., ‘Observations on the present State of the Highlands of Scotland, with a view of the Causes and probable Consequences of Emigration. By the Earl of Selkirk.’ No. xxix., October 1809: art. xiii., ‘Histoire des deux derniers Rois de la Maison de Stuart. Par Ch. J. Fox. Ouvrage traduit de l'Anglais; auquel on a joint une Notice sur la vie de l'Auteur.’

HORNER, LEONARD (1785–1864), geologist and educational reformer, brother of [q. v.], was born in Edinburgh, 17 Jan. 1785, and was educated at the Edinburgh High School under Dr. Adam. Brougham was a fellow-pupil, and he and Horner became lifelong friends. In 1802 Horner studied chemistry at the university of Edinburgh under Thomas Charles Hope [q. v.], having already shown a strong bias towards scientific pursuits, and about the same time began to collect mineralogical specimens. Becoming partner in his father's linen factory, he went to London in 1804, and settled there in his twenty-first year, after marrying a Miss Lloyd. From his brother's influence and his own acquirements as mineralogist and geologist Horner was soon well known among scientific and literary men of the day. In 1808 he was elected fellow of the Geological Society, founded in the preceding year, and throughout his life remained intimately associated with that body. In 1810 he was appointed one of the secretaries, in 1828 vice-president, and in 1846 president. In his numerous papers Horner avoided hasty generalisation, but in regard to ‘superposition and stratification’ he appears to have anticipated some of the principles applied by Murchison and Sedgwick to the history of palæozoic rocks. In 1813 he was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society.

Horner's business duties recalled him to Edinburgh in 1817, where he settled, after


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/459

Rh 5. Oh, could I feel as I have felt,—or be what I have been,

Or weep as I could once have wept, o'er many a vanished scene;

As springs in deserts found seem sweet, all brackish though they be,

So, midst the withered waste of life, those tears would flow to me. March, 1815. [First published, Poems, 1816.]

ON THE DEATH OF THE DUKE OF DORSET.

1.

thy fate without a tear,

Thy loss with scarce a sigh;

And yet thou wast surpassing dear,

Too loved of all to die.

I know not what hath seared my eye—

Its tears refuse to start;

But every drop, it bids me dry,

Falls dreary on my heart.

2.

Yes, dull and heavy, one by one,

They sink and turn to care,


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/Stanzas for Music. "There's not a joy the world can give like that it takes away"


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/379

 Royal Society on 21 April 1763. Immediately on his appointment in 1772 as the first Radcliffe observer, he laid the foundation-stone of the present observatory, which was not completed until 1794. Its equipment (the finest of that time) included two quadrants and a transit-instrument, each of eight feet, a zenith sector, an equatoreal, and a Dollond's achromatic refractor, to which a Newtonian reflector by Sir William Herschel was added later. The outlay upon buildings and instruments amounted to 28,000l. A regular series of transit-observations was made there as long as Hornsby lived. After his appointment, however, in 1782 to the Sedleian professorship, much of his attention was taken up with his excellent series of lectures on experimental philosophy; and he became Radcliffe librarian as well in 1783. Hornsby died at Oxford on 11 April 1810, aged 76. His two sons, Thomas (1766–1832) and George (1781–1837), both graduated from Christ Church, Oxford. The former was vicar of Ravensthorpe, Northamptonshire, from 1797 till death; the latter vicar of Turkdean, Gloucestershire, from 1809 till death.

Hornsby observed the transit of Venus of 6 June 1761 at Shirburn Castle, that of 3 June 1769 at Oxford, and deduced from both a solar parallax (8″.78) almost identical with the best modern results. He took an active share in the scientific pursuits of the Earl of Macclesfield. Five papers by him were read before the Royal Society, viz.: 1. ‘A Discourse on the Parallax of the Sun’ (Phil. Trans. liii. 467). 2. ‘On the Transit of Venus in 1769’ (ib. lv. 326). 3. ‘An Account of the Observations of the Transit of Venus and of the Eclipse of the Sun, made at Shirburn Castle and at Oxford’ (ib. lix. 172). 4. ‘The Quantity of the Sun's Parallax as deduced from the Observations of the Transit of Venus on 3 June 1769’ (ib. lxi. 574). 5. ‘An Inquiry into the Quantity and Direction of the Motion of Arcturus’ (ib. lxiii. 93). He remarked in 1798 the common proper motion of the stars of Castor, but failed to infer their physical connection (, History of Astronomy, p. 559). The first volume of Bradley's ‘Astronomical Observations’ was edited by him for the Clarendon Press in 1798. He had undertaken the task more than twenty years previously, and the delay, for which he was acrimoniously censured, was due to his ill-health.

 HORROCKS, JEREMIAH (1617?–1641), astronomer, was born at Toxteth Park, near Liverpool, in a house of which the site is now occupied by the Otterspool railway station. The traditional date is 1619, but 1617 is more likely correct. His father, a small farmer, named, it is supposed, William Horrocks, was a member of a respectable puritan family, originally from Horrocks Fold, near Rumworth in Lancashire. Early grounded in the classics by a country schoolmaster, Horrocks was his own instructor in science, and is stated to have been already ‘a very curious astronomer’ at his entry as sizar in Emmanuel College, Cambridge, on 18 May 1632. The university proved of little service to him; yet without mathematical instruction or the stimulus of sympathy, he determined ‘that the tediousness of study should be overcome by industry, my poverty by patience, and that instead of a master I would use astronomical books.’ In the library of Trinity College, Cambridge, is preserved a copy of Lansberg's ‘Tables,’ purchased by him in 1635, and containing a list in his handwriting of works on astronomy (Companion to British Almanac, 1837, p. 28). He left Cambridge without a degree after three years' residence, summoned home probably by family necessities. His first observation was made at Toxteth on 7 June 1635, and through the medium of Christopher Townley he opened a year later a correspondence with William Crabtree [q. v.] From him he learned the untrustworthiness of Lansberg's ‘Tables,’ and threw himself zealously into the study of Kepler's works. Instantly approving the Keplerian hypotheses, he saw that the numbers used required corrections, which he set himself to supply from his own observations, carried on in the midst of harassing daily occupations with instruments of the rudest kind. In May 1638 he bought a telescope for half-a-crown, and observed with it the partial solar eclipse of 22 May 1639 (Opera Posthuma, pp. 387–9). In June 1639 he visited Crabtree at Broughton, near Manchester, and shortly after acquired Galileo's ‘Astronomical Dialogues.’ Some of Horrocks's and Crabtree's improvements were communicated to Dr. Samuel Foster [q. v.] of Gresham College.

Ordained in 1639 to the curacy of Hoole, a poor hamlet eight miles south-west of Preston, he was obliged to eke out his annual stipend of 40l. by tuition or some similar drudgery.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/380

 Carr House, half a mile south of the church of St. Michael, in which he officiated, is pointed out as his lodging-place. Here, in the course of his studies, he became convinced that a transit of Venus across the sun, overlooked by Kepler, but predicted in a blundering fashion by Lansberg, would actually occur in the afternoon of 24 Nov. (O.S.) 1639. He announced the approaching phenomenon (one never previously recorded) to Crabtree, and prepared to observe it by throwing upon a screen in a darkened room the image of the sun formed by his little telescope. But 24 Nov. fell on a Sunday, and only the intervals between services were available for watching the heavens. They had just concluded, when at 3 h. 15 m. P.M. he saw with rapture in a perfectly clear sky the disc of Venus already entered upon the sun, over which he followed its advance until sunset at 3 h. 50 m. He and Crabtree were the sole observers of this unprecedented spectacle. His younger brother, Jonas Horrocks, whom he had warned at Liverpool of its advent, was hindered by clouds from seeing anything of it. Among the results secured by Horrocks's rough measurements were corrections to the orbital elements and apparent diameter of Venus.

Horrocks resigned his curacy, probably owing to ill-health, and returned to Toxteth in July 1640. His letters thence to Crabtree contain unexplained allusions to the precarious state of his affairs which obliged him to intermit astronomical occupations. He began, however, a continuous series of tidal observations (the first of the kind undertaken), hoping to derive from them proof of the earth's rotation, and finished, after re-writing it several times, his treatise ‘Venus in Sole visa.’ Desiring to confer with Crabtree about a publisher, he planned a visit to Broughton, fixed, by his last letter of 19 Dec. 1640, for 4 Jan. ‘if nothing unforeseen should occur.’ But on the morning of 3 Jan. 1641 he suddenly died at the age of not more than twenty-three years. He was buried without any monument in the ancient chapel at Toxteth Park; but in 1826 a commemorative tablet was set up in the adjacent church of St. Michael-in-the-Hamlet by Mr. Holden of Preston. A memorial chapel and window were in 1859 added to the church in which he had ministered at Hoole, and in 1875 a marble scroll, bearing an inscription composed by Dean Stanley, headed with his own words regarding his clerical duties on the day of the transit, ‘Ad majora avocatus quæ ob hæc parerga negligi non decuit,’ was placed in his honour in Westminster Abbey.

Horrocks's name barely escaped total oblivion. Evil fortune pursued his literary remains. Some were plundered and burnt by a party of soldiers during the civil war; others, taken to Ireland by Jonas Horrocks, were lost there after his death; a further portion, employed in the compilation of Shakerley's ‘British Tables,’ perished in the great fire of London. Only those rescued by Crabtree, and bought after his death by Dr. John Worthington, came eventually to light. Among these was the ‘Venus in Sole visa,’ of which a copy was in 1661 transmitted by Huygens to Hevelius, who published it as an appendix to his own ‘Mercurius in Sole’ at Danzig in 1662. The attention of the Royal Society being thus directed to Horrocks's writings, the papers in Dr. Worthington's possession were procured and entrusted for publication to Dr. Wallis [q. v.] After long delay through want of funds, a quarto volume, entitled ‘Jeremiæ Horroccii Angli Opera Posthuma,’ appeared at London in 1672. Some copies are dated 1673, and a reissue was attempted in 1678, with fresh matter added, ‘to revive the sale,’ at no time brisk. The book includes ‘Astronomia Kepleriana defensa et promota,’ digested by Wallis from various fragments of unfinished treatises, with ‘Prolegomena,’ giving Horrocks's autobiographical history of his studies, extracts from his letters to Crabtree translated into Latin, a catalogue of his observations, and his ‘Theory of the Moon,’ with Flamsteed's numbers added. The ‘Venus’ was omitted, as Flamsteed was understood to be preparing an edition of it (never printed) from a manuscript now in the library of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich. The papers used by Wallis are kept in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.

Horrocks had extraordinary intuitions of truth. He first ascribed to the moon an elliptic orbit of which the earth occupied one focus, adding a variation of the eccentricity, and a revolution of the line of apsides. Newton showed all these circumstances to result from gravity, and acknowledged in the ‘Principia’ (3rd edition, p. 461) his obligations to his young predecessor. The earliest hint of perturbative influences was, moreover, contained in Horrocks's explanation of the progression of the lunar apsides as due to the disturbing influence of the sun (Opera Posthuma, p. 311). Profound meditations on the physical cause of the planetary movements convinced him that they are compounded of a tangential impulse (supposed to depend upon the sun's rotation) and a central pull, and he illustrated his idea with the experiment of the ‘circular pendulum’ described in a letter to Crabtree of 25 July 1638 (ib. p. 312). It is even probable that he went


text:
Author:Frederick Hastings

Works

 * Sundays about the World
 * Obscure Characters of Scripture
 * Background of Sacred Story
 * Back Streets and London Slums
 * This Life
 * Future Life
 * The Spins of a Cycling Parson
 * Memories of a Million Miles
 * Phases of a Joyous Life

title: Author:Frederick Hastings


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/381

 so far as to identify solar attraction with terrestrial gravity (ib. p. 295). He detected, so far as his own observations could reveal it, the ‘long inequality’ of Jupiter and Saturn, placed a maximum value of 14″ on the solar horizontal parallax, estimated by Kepler at 59″, by Hevelius at 41″ (, Phil. Trans. liii. 467), and from the instantaneous disappearance of the stars during an occultation of the Pleiades on 19 March 1637, inferred the extreme minuteness of stellar apparent diameters (, Hist. of Physical Astronomy, p. 545).

The career of Horrocks is, for its brevity, one of the most remarkable on record. He had no help but in his own enthusiasm; time and means were alike denied him. Sir John Herschel calls him ‘the pride and boast of British astronomy’ (Treatise on Astronomy, p. 86 n.) ‘His name,’ Professor Grant remarks, ‘would assuredly have formed a household word to future generations, if his career had not so soon been brought to a close’ (Hist. of Phys. Astr. p. 422). Hearne wrote in 1723 of his ‘very strange unaccountable genius,’ by which he became ‘a prodigy for his skill in astronomy, and had he lived in all probability would have proved the greatest man in the whole world in his profession’ (MS. Diary in Bodleian Library, No. 102, p. 62). His genius was akin, and certainly not inferior, to that of Kepler. He had the same patient fervour in the pursuit of knowledge, the same instinct for generalisation, the same fidelity to truth, and without Kepler's touch of extravagance. His disposition appears to have been amiable and affectionate, and he met the contrarieties of his life with cheerful and devout courage. He had scholarly and poetical, as well as scientific, tastes.

HORROCKS, JOHN (1768–1804), manufacturer, the second son of a quaker, was born at The Birches, a small family property in the village of Edgeworth, near Bolton, Lancashire, in 1768. In 1786 he went to Preston, and erected a mill for cotton-spinning by machinery, successfully dealing with the prejudices of the workpeople, and employing the Horrocks power-loom, the invention of a relative. Shortly afterwards, being successful in a competition ordered by the East India Company for the sole manufacture of cotton goods to be exported to India, he altered his machinery, and became a manufacturer of muslin. He succeeded so well that he constructed other factories, and his elder brother Samuel and a workman named Miller entered into partnership with him. In 1802 he was returned to parliament in the conservative interest, with Lord Stanley, for the borough of Preston, and was consulted by William Pitt on commercial matters. He built for his residence a large stone house, Penwortham Lodge, near Preston. Dying of brain fever when in London, on 1 March 1804, he was buried in Penwortham churchyard. His fortune amounted to 750,000l. He married a Miss Lomax in 1787, and left two sons, Peter and John, who carried on his business. A pillar was afterwards erected to his memory at Preston.

(1818–1846), grandson of the above, landed near Adelaide, South Australia, in 1839, and founded Penwortham village, seventy-five miles north of Adelaide. He was killed by the explosion of his gun in 1846, while exploring the head of Spencer's Gulf. Mount Horrocks and Horrocks' Pass were named after him.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/382

 HORSA (d. 455), joint founder of the English kingdom of Kent. [See under .]

HORSBURGH, JAMES (1762–1836), hydrographer, the son of parents in a very humble position, was born at Elie in Fifeshire on 23 Sept. 1762. After a childhood spent partly at school and partly in field labour, he went to sea, at the age of sixteen, as an apprentice to Messrs. James & William Wood of Elie, on board colliers or other vessels trading from the Forth or the Tyne with Hamburg or the Dutch ports. In May 1780 he was captured by a French privateer, and was for a short time a prisoner at Dunkirk. He afterwards went on a voyage to the West Indies, and then to Calcutta, where a countryman, settled there as a shipbuilder, procured for him an appointment as third mate of a ship bound to Bombay, August 1784. For nearly two years he served as mate of ships trading from Calcutta, and in May 1786 was first mate of the Atlas, from Batavia to Ceylon, when, on the 30th, she was wrecked on the island of Diego Garcia in consequence of an error in her chart. Horsburgh's attention was thus definitely turned towards the necessity of improving the charts then in use, and from that time he began to collect information and observations bearing on the navigation of the eastern seas. From Diego Garcia he went to Bombay, where he obtained a berth as second mate of a ship bound to China. In China he became first mate, and for the next ten years he was employed in ships sailing from Bombay, generally to China, though occasionally to Bengal. During all this time, and especially while mate of the Anna, a ship belonging to Messrs. Bruce, Fawcett, & Co. of Bombay, he continued collecting information and devoting his whole leisure to the study of navigation, astronomy, geometry, and drawing. The first result of his labours was the construction of three charts—one of the Straits of Macassar, one of the western part of the Philippine Islands, and one of the track from Dampier's Strait to Batavia—which he presented, at Canton, to Mr. Thomas Bruce. After being shown to several commanders of the company's ships, they were sent to Alexander Dalrymple [q. v.], hydrographer to the company, and were published with the sanction of the court of directors, from whom a letter of thanks was sent to Horsburgh, together with a present in money for the purchase of instruments.

In 1796 he came to England as first mate of the ship Carron, and made the acquaintance of Dalrymple, by whom he was introduced to Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Maskelyne, and others of scientific reputation. He soon sailed in the Carron, which had been taken up by government as a transport to the West Indies, and on his return to England after this service, sailed again for Bombay, where (April 1798) he was appointed to the command of his old ship, the Anna, and in her during the next seven years made two voyages to England, besides several to China, Bengal, and Madras. From April 1802 to February 1804 he kept a continuous register of the barometer, taken every four hours, by day or night, at sea or in harbour, and in discussing the observations, established the diurnal variation of the barometer in the open sea between the latitudes of 26° N. and 26° S. An abstract of this was published in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ of 1805. He constructed also during this period several charts, which were engraved by Dalrymple. In 1805 he returned to England as a passenger in the Cirencester, and shortly afterwards published a series of four charts of the Indian and Eastern seas, with explanatory text, under the title, ‘Memoirs: comprising the Navigation to and from China,’ 1805, 4to; new edit., 1812. He published several other charts and papers, but the great work by which his name still lives is the celebrated ‘Directory’ or rather ‘Directions for Sailing to and from the East Indies, China, New Holland, Cape of Good Hope, and the interjacent Ports, compiled chiefly from original Journals and Observations made during 21 years' experience in navigating those Seas,’ 1809–11, 2 parts, 4to. Many editions, enlarged and corrected, were afterwards published, and it still forms the basis of the ‘East India Directory.’ In March 1806 Horsburgh was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and in October 1810 he was appointed hydrographer to the East India Company. In the congenial work of this office the remainder of his life was passed. He died, after a month's suffering, on 14 May 1836. Besides the works already named and several scientific contributions to the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ and other magazines (see Royal Society Catalogue), Horsburgh revised (1819) a new edition of Mackenzie's ‘Treatise on Surveying’ and ‘Treatise by St. Cyprian, “Of the Unity of the Church,” … abridged: with an Appendix.’

HORSBURGH, JOHN (1791–1869), historical engraver, born in 1791 at Prestonpans, near Edinburgh, was left an orphan early, and


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 02.djvu/325

 or immovable. Appendages of 2nd pair weak, pediform not prehensile. Genital orifice covered by an operculum.

 * Families—Phalangiidae (Phalangium, Gagrella).
 * Ischyropsalidae (Ischyropsalis, Taracus).
 * Nemastomidae (Nemastoma).
 * Trogulidae (Trogulus, Anelasmocephalus).

Sub-order c. Cyphophthalmi (Anepignathi).—Orifice of foetid glands opening on a tubercle situated near the lateral border of the carapace above the base of the 5th appendage. Orifice of coxal gland probably situated at base of coxa of 5th appendage; sternal plate of prosema minute or absent; no prosternal element underlying the mouth. Coxae of 5th and 6th, and usually also of 4th appendages immovable. Appendages of 2nd pair weak, pediform, not prehensile. Genital orifice not covered by an operculum.

 * Families—Sironidae (Siro, Pettalus).
 * Stylocellidae (Stylocellus).

Remarks on the Opiliones.—These include the harvest-men, sometimes called also daddy-long-legs, with round undivided bodies and very long, easily-detached legs. The intromittent organs of the male are remarkable for their complexity and elaboration. The confluence of the regions of the body and the dislocation of apertures from their typical position are results of degeneration. The Opiliones seem to lead on from the Spiders to the Mites. Reference to literature (39).

Apparently related to the Opiliones are two extinct groups, the Anthracomarti and Phalangiotarbi, which are not known to have survived the Carboniferous period. In the Anthracomarti the opisthosoma was movably articulated to the prosoma, and consisted of from eight to ten segments furnished with movable lateral plates, the anal segment being overlapped dorsally by a laminate expansion of the preceding segment. The carapace of the prosoma was unsegmented and often bore a pair of eyes. The appendages of the 2nd pair were slender and pediform; those of the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th pairs were similar in form and ambulatory in function with their basal segments arranged round a sternal area as in the order Araneae. The best-known genera were Anthracomartus and Eophognus.

In the Phalangiotarbi the appendages resembled those of the Anthracomarti, except that the basal segments of the last four pairs were usually approximated in the middle line leaving a long and narrow sternal area between; and the carapace of the prosoma was unsegmented. The prosoma and opisthosoma were broadly confluent and probably immovably welded together. The opisthosoma consisted of eight or nine segments, whereof the anterior five or six were very short in the dorsal region, and the posterior three exceptionally large with the anal orifice terminal.

Several genera have been established, the best-characterized being Geraphognus and Architarbus.

'''Order 9. Rhynchostomi = Acari''' (see fig. 78).—Degenerate Arachnids resembling the Opiliones in many structural points, but chiefly distinguishable from them by the following features:—The basal segments of the appendages of the 2nd pair are united in the middle line behind the mouth, those of the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th pairs are widely separated and not provided with sterno-coxal (maxillary) lobes, and take no share in mastication; the respiratory stigmata, when present, belong to the prosoma, and the primitive segmentation of the opisthosoma has entirely or almost entirely disappeared.

Sub-order a. Notostigmata.—Opisthosoma consisting of ten segments defined by integumental grooves, each of the anterior four of these furnished with a single pair of dorsally-placed spiracles or tracheal stigmata.

 * Family—Opilioacaridae (Opilioacarus).

Sub-order b. Cryptostigmata.—Integument hard, strengthened by a continuously chitinized dorsal and ventral sclerite. Tracheae typically opening by stigmata situated in the articular sockets (acetabula) of the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th pairs of appendages.

 * Family—Oribatidae (Oribata, Nothrus, Hoplophora).

Sub-order c. Metastigmata.—Integument mostly like that of the Cryptostigmata. Tracheae opening by a pair of stigmata situated above and behind the base of the 4th or 5th or 6th pair of appendages.

 * Families—Gamasidae (Gamasus, Pteroptus).
 * Argasidae (Argas, Ornithodoros).
 * Ixodidae (Ixodes, Rhipicephalus).

Sub-order d. Prostigmata.—Integument soft, strengthened by special sclerites, those on the ventral surface of the prosoma apparently representing the basal segments of the legs embedded in the skin. Tracheae, except in the aquatic species in which they are atrophied, opening by a pair of stigmata situated close to or above the base of the appendages of the 1st pair (mandibles).

 * Families—Trombidiidae (Trombidium, Tetranychus).
 * Hydrachnidae (Hydrachna, Atax).
 * Halacaridae (Halacarus, Leptognathus).
 * Bdellidae (Bdella, Eupodes).

Sub-order e. Astigmata.—Degenerate, mostly parasitic forms approaching the Prostigmata in the development of integumental sclerites and the softness of the skin, but with the respiratory system absent.

 * Families—Tyroglyphidae (Tyroglyphus, Rhizoglyphus).
 * Sarcoptidae (Sarcoptes, Analges).

Sub-order f. Vermiformia.—Degenerate atracheate parasitic forms with the body produced posteriorly into an annulated caudal prolongation, and the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th pairs of appendages short and only three-jointed.

 * Family—Demodicidae (Demodex).

Sub-order g. Tetrapoda.—Degenerate atracheate gall-mites in which the body is produced posteriorly and annulated, as in Demodex, but in which the appendages of the 3rd and 4th pairs are long and normally segmented and those of the 5th and 6th pairs entirely absent.

 * Family—Eriophyidae (Eriophyes, Phyllocoptes).

Remarks on the Rhynchostomi.—The Acari include a number of forms which are of importance and special interest on account of their parasitic habits. The ticks (Ixodes) are not only injurious as blood-suckers, but are now credited with carrying the germs of Texas cattle-fever, just as mosquitoes carry those of malaria. The itch-insect (Sarcoptes scabiei) is a well-known human parasite, so minute that it was not discovered until the end of the 18th century, and “the itch” was treated medicinally as a rash. The female burrows in the epidermis much as the female trap-door spider burrows in turf in order to make a nest in which to rear her young. The male does not burrow, but wanders freely on the surface of the skin. Demodex folliculorum is also a common parasite of the sebaceous

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 02.djvu/325


text: Author:John Dynham Cornish Pellow

title: Author:John Dynham Cornish Pellow


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/383

 studied drawing at the Trustees' Academy in Edinburgh. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to Robert Scott [q. v.] the engraver, and worked under him for some years. Horsburgh was a good engraver in line, and engraved several plates after J. M. W. Turner, R.A., for ‘England and Wales,’ Cooke's ‘Southern Coast of England,’ Scott's ‘Poetical’ and ‘Prose’ works, and other publications. He engraved several single plates, including ‘Prince Charlie reading a Despatch,’ after W. Simson, ‘Sir Walter Scott,’ after Sir Thomas Lawrence, and another portrait of Scott after Sir J. Watson Gordon. At the age of about sixty Horsburgh retired from active work, and undertook gratuitously the duties of pastor in the Scottish baptist church. He died at 16 Buccleuch Place, Edinburgh, on 24 Sept. 1869. His pastoral addresses were published with a short memoir prefixed immediately after his death.

HORSEY, EDWARD (d. 1583), naval and military commander, a member of a family of considerable note in Dorsetshire, connected with Clifton Maubank (now Maybank), Wyke in Sherborne, and Melcombe Horsey, was the son of Jasper Horsey of Exton, who was brother of Sir John Horsey (, Hist. of Dorset, ii. 459). He first appears as a soldier of fortune, serving with his brother Francis in the emperor's wars. In 1556 he was implicated with Uvedale, captain of the Isle of Wight, in the Throgmorton and Dudley conspiracy, set on foot in concert with the French for the dethronement of Mary in favour of Elizabeth. To forward the plot the two Horseys, with other conspirators, crossed to France, and had a midnight audience with Henry II, who gave them private encouragement, and assisted them with money, promising, if circumstances proved favourable, to help them openly. Absence from England, on the discovery of the conspiracy, saved Horsey's life. After the death of Mary, Horsey returned to England, and ingratiated himself with Leicester, by whom he was admitted to the closest intimacy. At a later period he was the confidant of Leicester's secret contract with Lady Sheffield, and on their clandestine marriage at Esher, May 1573, two days before the birth of their son, Sir Robert Dudley [q. v.], he gave the bride away.

Horsey soon proved his value as a daring and unscrupulous adventurer, half pirate, half soldier of fortune. In 1562–3 he served under the Earl of Warwick at the disastrous siege of Havre, accompanied by William Whittingham [q. v.], the Calvinist, for whom he had obtained the chaplaincy of the English forces (Camden Society's Miscellanies, vi. 11, 25). In December 1565 he was nominated one of the three commissioners for the Isle of Wight, of which he speedily became captain. That office he held to his death. For seventeen years he thus did good service to the government by keeping a sharp eye on foreign ships which were cruising in the narrow seas, especially those of Spain, and by reporting any suspicious proceedings. According to a letter sent by him to Cecil, he in 1568 seized fifty coffers of treasure on board a Spanish ship in Southampton Water. In 1570 he apprised Cecil that men-of-war were cruising off the island, under the assumed authority of the queen of Navarre (Jeanne d'Albret), with strong suspicion of piracy. He and others in the Isle of Wight had been accused of complicity with their proceedings, which had elicited a stern remonstrance from Cecil. This charge Horsey denied, but acknowledged that he had received ‘presents of spices, sweetmeats, and Canary wine.’ He detained ships and men in view of an expedition in 1570, and despatched vessels to watch the piratical craft hovering about the southern shores, and to capture them when necessary. He was zealous in surveying the defences of the Isle of Wight and ordering necessary repairs, and afforded help and encouragement to Cornelius Stevensen, a Dutchman, in his manufacture of saltpetre for gunpowder.

On the outbreak of the northern rebellion in 1569, under the Earls of Westmorland and Northumberland, Horsey was despatched at the head of five hundred well-furnished horsemen; contributed to the defeat of the insurgents and followed hard on their retreat. In his despatches to Cecil he railed at the faint heart of those who having ‘frowardly and villainously begun a lewd enterprise, had beastly and cowardly performed the same,’ and preferred to yield their necks to the halter, which he prayed God they might get, rather than ‘by fight persist in their vile and detestable quarrel’ (Horsey to Cecil, 22 Dec.; State Papers, Dom. 1569;, Hist. of England, ix. 538). The rebellion put down, Horsey returned to the Isle of Wight, where he reported to Cecil the preparations the Spaniards were making for the invasion of Ireland. On 29 Oct. 1570 he was admitted a burgess of the town of Southampton (Hist. MSS. Comm. App. 11th Rep. pt. iii. p. 20). In 1573 he was sent as ambassador to the court of France to plead the cause of Rochelle and the French protestants. The pacification between the king and the Huguenots was attributed to his


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/444

410 WHEN WE TWO PARTED.

1.

we two parted

In silence and tears,

Half broken-hearted

To sever for years,

Pale grew thy cheek and cold,

Colder thy kiss;

Truly that hour foretold

Sorrow to this.

2.

The dew of the morning

Sunk chill on my brow—

It felt like the warning

Of what I feel now.

Thy vows are all broken,

And light is thy fame:

I hear thy name spoken,

And share in its shame.

3.

They name thee before me,

A knell to mine ear;


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/445

Rh A shudder comes o'er me—

Why wert thou so dear?

They know not I knew thee,

Who knew thee too well:—

Long, long shall I rue thee,

Too deeply to tell.

4.

In secret we met—

In silence I grieve,

That thy heart could forget,

Thy spirit deceive.

If I should meet thee

After long years,

How should I greet thee?—

With silence and tears. [First published, Poems, 1816.]

[LOVE AND GOLD. ]

1.

talk of Love to thee,

Though thou art young and free and fair!


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/446

412 There is a spell thou dost not see,

That bids a genuine love despair.

2.

And yet that spell invites each youth,

For thee to sigh, or seem to sigh;

Makes falsehood wear the garb of truth,

And Truth itself appear a lie.

3.

If ever Doubt a place possest

In woman's heart, 'twere wise in thine:

Admit not Love into thy breast,

Doubt others' love, nor trust in mine.

4.

Perchance 'tis feigned, perchance sincere,

But false or true thou canst not tell;

So much hast thou from all to fear,

In that unconquerable spell.

5.

Of all the herd that throng around,

Thy simpering or thy sighing train,

Come tell me who to thee is bound

By Love's or Plutus' heavier chain.

6.

In some 'tis Nature, some 'tis Art

That bids them worship at thy shrine;


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/575

FARE THEE WELL.

thee well! and if for ever,

Still for ever, fare thee well:

Even though unforgiving, never

'Gainst thee shall my heart rebel.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/384

 skilful conduct of the negotiation (, Annals, i. 363). He was more than once sent as ambassador to the Netherlands to treat with Don John of Austria with regard to the protestant subjects of Spain, and to remonstrate against the injurious treatment of English merchants trafficking with the Low Countries (ib. ii. 9, 10,  ii. 559; cf. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. 2nd Rep. p. 97). His services were rewarded by his being knighted at Westminster in 1577, and on 19 Sept. of the same year he was made a privy councillor, and had a license for selling wine granted him, which roused the opposition of the mayor of Guildford and others (ib. App. 7th Rep. p. 634). In November 1580 he entertained the Portuguese ambassador magnificently at his house in the Isle of Wight, though, as he tells Cecil, as many as forty of his household were ‘down with the disease’ at the time. He himself fell sick, but recovered. The plague increased, and in 1583 Horsey died of it at the manorhouse of Great Haseley in Arreton, Isle of Wight, where he lived and ‘kept a brave house’ with one Mrs. Dowsabell Mills, a rich widow, ‘not without some tax of incontinency, for nothing stopt their marriage but that he had a wife, a Frenchwoman, alive in France’ (, Memoirs, pp. 81, 193). He was buried in Newport Church, where a monument was erected to him, with an effigy in armour under a marble canopy, painted and gilded, and a laudatory Latin epitaph. His government of the Isle of Wight in critical times, when the Spaniards were seeking to seize it in order to make it the headquarters of their predatory attacks, was vigilant and energetic, despite the connivance at piracy with which it was tainted. According to Worsley ‘he kept the island in a proper state of defence, and lived in perfect harmony with the Isle of Wight gentry.’ Oglander gives him the character of ‘a brave soldier, but assuming too much.’ He was an ardent lover of field sports, and did much to increase the stock of game in the island, giving, it is said, a lamb for every live hare brought in.

 HORSEY, JEROME (fl. 1573–1627), traveller, was son of William Horsey, who was probably brother of George Horsey of Digswell in Hertfordshire, and of Sir Edward Horsey [q. v.], governor of the Isle of Wight. In 1573 Jerome Horsey set out for Moscow as a clerk in the service of the Russian company. In 1576 Sylvester, the accredited English envoy in Russia, was disabled by a stroke of lightning; no successor was appointed, and when, in 1580, the Czar (Ivan-Vasilovitch) desired to purchase munitions of war in England, he selected Horsey to undertake the business, and sent him to England with ‘a message of honor, weight, and secraecie … to the Quens Majesty of England,’ ‘perceavinge’ (Horsey explains) ‘I had ateyned to the familliar phrase of his language the Pollish and Dutch tongs.’ A journey, at the time, on such a mission, across the continent was dangerous, and Horsey took elaborate precautions to conceal his despatches and his money. After many adventures he arrived in London by way of Hamburg, and was introduced by his kinsman, Sir Edward Horsey, to the queen, who made him one of her esquires of the body. Horsey also made the acquaintance of Walsingham, and was well received by the Russia Company. In 1581 he sailed to Russia with the necessary stores ‘in company of 13 talle shipps,’ beating off on the voyage a Danish fleet near the North Cape. The Czar Ivan died in 1584. The new czar, Feodor (crowned in June 1584), was under the influence of his ambitious brother-in-law, Prince Boris Fedorovitch, who was friendly to Horsey, but was hostile to Sir Jerome Bowes [q. v.] (the ambassador from England since 1583). Bowes and Horsey had no liking for each other, but Horsey contrived to get Bowes safely out of the country. In August 1585 he was sent to England by the czar, with official despatches addressed to Elizabeth, in which complaint was made of Bowes's conduct, of the company's method of trading, and of Elizabeth's treatment of the czar's previous messenger, Beckman. On the journey, in accordance with directions from his patron, Prince Boris, Horsey betrayed Maria, niece of the late czar and widow of the Duke of Holstein, into the hands of her enemies. The lady, who was taking refuge in Riga, was persuaded by Horsey to return to Russia, and was there imprisoned, with her daughter, in the nunnery of Troitza. ‘This pece of service’ (Horsey wrote) ‘was verie acceptable; whereof I much repent me.’ On his arrival in England Horsey was welcomed by Elizabeth, despite Bowes's unprincipled efforts to injure his credit. He collected lions, bulls, and dogs, and the like, to take back with him, and set out for Russia on 5 April 1586. He had been commissioned to procure in the czarina's behalf some woman skilled in the cure of barrenness, but mistaking his instructions he took out a midwife, and


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 27.djvu/385

 Elizabeth, who understood from him that the czarina was with child, gave him a suitable letter to deliver to her. The error ‘fell out to be verie dangerous’ to Horsey. But he soon regained the favour of Prince Boris and the czar, the latter of whom ‘semed glad of my return pochivated and made me merrie.’ In February 1587 he obtained ‘under the Emperiall seale a free privaledge granted unto the company … to trade and traficque thorrow all his dominions, free from payinge any manner of customs and tolls whatsoever upon their merchandise … in as ample and large a manner as I could devis and sett down myself. Never the like opteyned by any ambassodor hertofore, though thowsands expended to procure the like.’ But a party at court, headed by the chancellor Shalkalove, was opposed to the English company's monopoly, and quickly secured enough influence to imperil Horsey's position. He hastily returned to London in 1587. In November of that year Giles Fletcher [q. v.] was sent out to obtain a confirmation of Horsey's valuable charter.

At the end of 1587 and in 1588 and 1589 the Russia company brought charges amounting to fraud against Horsey before the council and Lord Burghley (see the articles in the App. to edition of the Travels, Hakluyt Soc.) Complaint was made of his arrogance and extravagance; he had traded, it was said, on his own account, and he had falsified his accounts with his employers. To the last charge he practically made no defence, and partially made up the deficiency. In 1587 Pecok had written from Moscow to Walsingham of Horsey: ‘His state is not good; he oweth that I knowe, to the merchaunts fower thowsande rubbells, and to other twoe thowsande rubbells; and of the goods and commodities brought over wyth him he hath lyttell lefte;’ and again, ‘I might troble your honorable eares with notes of his disorderlie behavior here, but I shold enter into a sea that hath no bottome.’ At the end of 1587 the company asserted that Horsey had absconded from England; he was certainly in Russia in 1588, but was in England again in 1589. In 1589 the company wrote to Burghley that a rumour had reached them that Horsey was to be employed again on diplomatic business with Russia, and they strongly deprecated such a course. In April 1590 he travelled once more to Russia by way of Cologne and Copenhagen. But on his arrival the czar refused him an audience, and he returned discomfited in October 1591.

For the next thirty years Horsey lived in Buckinghamshire. He was knighted in 1603, and on 19 June 1604 he was made one of the receivers of the king's lands for life. He was high sheriff of Buckinghamshire in 1610. Horsey was long a member of parliament for Cornish boroughs. In that summoned for 19 Feb. 1592–3 he sat for Saltash; on 4 Oct. 1597 he was returned for Camelford; on 10 Oct. 1601 for Bossiney; again for Bossiney on 12 March 1603–4. In the parliament summoned for 5 April 1614 Horsey sat for Bossiney again, and on 13 Dec. 1620 he was returned for East Looe. He must have opposed the court, as on 8 June 1622 he was committed, with William Fiennes, Lord Saye [q. v.], for opposing the grant of a benevolence. He seems to have been living in 1627. Horsey married by license, dated 5 Jan. 1591–2, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Griffith Hampden of Hampden, Buckinghamshire. She died in 1607. He then married Isabella, daughter of Edward Brocket, late of Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire; the settlement for this marriage was dated 28 Oct. 1609. He is said to have married, in 1619, a third wife, Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir John North, eldest son of Roger, second lord North [q. v.] It is clear that Horsey had at least one son living in 1621, and as this son was then old enough to have quarrelled with his father his mother must have been Sir Jerome's first wife.

Horsey wrote an account of the ‘Coronation of Feodore,’ which was printed in ‘Hakluyt's Voyages,’ i. 525–35. A summary, called ‘Extracts out of Sir Jerome Horsey's Observations in Seventeene Yeares Travels and Experience in Russia and other Countries adjoyning,’ &c., appeared in Purchas's ‘Pilgrimage,’ v. 972–92. Horsey's account of his Russian travels, which supplies interesting accounts of contemporary Russian politics and society, was edited in 1856 for the Hakluyt Society by E. A. Bond, from Harleian MS. 1813, together with Horsey's contribution to Hakluyt. Purchas states that Horsey wrote other accounts of his foreign experiences, but the manuscripts have not been traced.

HORSFIELD, THOMAS (1773–1859), naturalist, was born at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States, on 12 May 1773. His parents were Moravians, and he remained