text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/272

H Hay's first diplomatic mission was to France in 1616. He was sent to demand on certain conditions the hand of the Princess Christina for Prince Charles. He acquitted himself, as might have been expected, with great magnificence. He was quite aware beforehand that the conditions which he was instructed to make would lead to the rejection of the proposed marriage, and there was therefore nothing to discredit him in the failure which ensued.

Hay was now a widower, and in 1617 he courted Lucy Percy [see ], a daughter of the Earl of Northumberland, who was a prisoner in the Tower. The earl objected strongly to the marriage, saying that he was not fond of Scotch jigs (Chamberlain to Carleton, 22 Feb., 8 March 1617; State Papers, Dom. xc. 79, 105). Hay celebrated his courtship by extravagant festivities, and on 6 Nov. he was married to the bright beauty who enchanted two generations of statesmen and courtiers.

In 1618 James, anxious to retrench, and finding that Hay was not likely to help him in that direction, persuaded him to resign the mastership of the wardrobe upon a compensation of 20,000l., in addition, it is said, to a sum of 10,000l. given him by his successor (‘List of Payments,’ State Papers, Dom. cxvi. 122; Salvetti's News-Letter, 27 Aug.–6 Sept. 1618). On 5 July of the same year he was created Viscount Doncaster (Pat. 16 Jac. I, part 11).

In February 1619 Doncaster was selected for the important mission to Germany by which James hoped to avert the spread of the Bohemian troubles. He started on 12 May, and visited Brussels on his way to Heidelberg. He was there high in favour with the Elector Frederick, and still more with the Electress Elizabeth, who used jestingly to speak of him as ‘camel-face.’ His instincts as a Scotchman would have led him to a French alliance, and as no such alliance was to be had they continued to exist in the form of opposition to Spain and Austria. In writing home he supported the elector's proposal that James should back him in opposition to the house of Austria in Bohemia. If Doncaster had no broad views of policy, he was at least shrewd enough to discover that the antagonism of the German states to one another would only end in war, and that his master's idea of smoothing them away by means of honest diplomacy was doomed to failure. When he met Ferdinand at Salzburg on his way to the imperial election at Frankfort, he could draw no satisfactory answer from him, and, after his own return to Frankfort, was equally unsuccessful with Oñate, the Spanish ambassador. An attempt to induce the Bohemians to accept James's mediation also failed. Doncaster was obliged to retire to Spa to await fresh orders. Before they were sent it was known in England that Ferdinand had been chosen emperor and Frederick king of Bohemia, and Doncaster was ordered to congratulate Ferdinand on his election, and to assure him that James had no part in the ambitious schemes of his son-in-law. In January 1620, on his return to England, he urged his master to embark in war on behalf of the new king of Bohemia.

With these opinions Doncaster was not likely to be again employed in Germany by James. In 1621 he was sent to France to urge Louis XIII to make peace with his Huguenot subjects, and in 1622 he was sent back on a similar mission. On both occasions his pleadings were rejected, courteously but decidedly. After his return on 30 Sept. 1622 he was created Earl of Carlisle (Pat. 20 Jac. I, part 14).

In February 1623 the new earl was sent to Paris to avert any ill consequences to Charles from his journey through France on his way to Madrid. In January 1624 he was one of the three commissioners for Spanish affairs who voted for war with Spain. On 17 May he was sent as an ambassador to France to join Henry Rich (Lord Kensington, who is better known as Earl of Holland, the title which he received in the course of the year) in negotiating a marriage between Charles and Henrietta Maria. As long as he carried on negotiations with La Vieuville he had reason to believe that the marriage might be concluded on satisfactory terms. When La Vieuville was succeeded by Richelieu, and the new minister gave it plainly to be understood that there could be no marriage without an engagement that the English penal laws against the catholics should be set aside, Carlisle strongly though vainly advised James and Charles, both of whom had promised parliament that he would do nothing of the kind, to show a bold front to Richelieu. In April 1625, after Charles's accession, he again showed his wisdom in warning the young king not to expect too much from the French alliance. The rejection of Carlisle's advice had much to do with the disastrous failure of the foreign policy of the new reign.

In April 1628, after the failure of Buckingham's expedition to Rhé, Carlisle was despatched to Lorraine and Piedmont to stir up antagonism against Richelieu, and in November he wrote urging Charles to come to terms with Spain, and to continue the war with France as long as France continued hostile to the Huguenots. On his return to England he found the tide at court in favour


text: Template:Ruffhead/chapter

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Template:Ruffhead/chapter


text:
Page:The varieties of religious experience, a study in human nature.djvu/477

 rigorously impossible, it seems to me, that Protestantism, however superior in spiritual profundity it may be to Catholicism, should at the present day succeed in making many converts from the more venerable ecclesiasticism. The latter offers a so much richer pasturage and shade to the fancy, has so many cells with so many different kinds of honey, is so indulgent in its multiform appeals to human nature, that Protestantism will always show to Catholic eyes the almshouse physiognomy. The bitter negativity of it is to the Catholic mind incomprehensible. To intellectual Catholics many of the antiquated beliefs and practices to which the Church gives countenance are, if taken literally, as childish as they are to Protestants. But they are childish in the pleasing sense of 'childlike,'—innocent and amiable, and worthy to be smiled on in consideration of the undeveloped condition of the dear people's intellects. To the Protestant, on the contrary, they are childish in the sense of being idiotic falsehoods. He must stamp out their delicate and lovable redundancy, leaving the Catholic to shudder at his literalness. He appears to the latter as morose as if he were some hard-eyed, numb, monotonous kind of reptile. The two will never understand each other—their centres of emotional energy are too different. Rigorous truth and human nature's intricacies are always in need of a mutual interpreter. So much for the æsthetic diversities in the religious consciousness.


text:
Page:The varieties of religious experience, a study in human nature.djvu/478

 In most books on religion, three things are represented as its most essential elements. These are Sacrifice, Confession, and Prayer. I must say a word in turn of each of these elements, though briefly. First of Sacrifice.

Sacrifices to gods are omnipresent in primeval worship; but, as cults have grown refined, burnt offerings and the blood of he-goats have been superseded by sacrifices more spiritual in their nature. Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism get along without ritual sacrifice; so does Christianity, save in so far as the notion is preserved in transfigured form in the mystery of Christ's atonement. These religions substitute offerings of the heart, renunciations of the inner self, for all those vain oblations. In the ascetic practices which Islam, Buddhism, and the older Christianity encourage we see how indestructible is the idea that sacrifice of some sort is a religious exercise. In lecturing on asceticism I spoke of its significance as symbolic of the sacrifices which life, whenever it is taken strenuously, calls for. But, as I said my say about those, and as these lectures expressly avoid earlier religious usages and questions of derivation, I will pass from the subject of Sacrifice altogether and turn to that of Confession.

In regard to Confession I will also be most brief, saying my word about it psychologically, not historically. Not nearly as widespread as sacrifice, it corresponds to a more inward and moral stage of sentiment. It is part of the general system of purgation and cleansing which one feels one's self in need of, in order to be in right relations to one's deity. For him who confesses, shams are over and realities have begun; he has exteriorized his rottenness. If he has not actually got rid of it, he at least


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/273

H of peace with France too strong to be resisted. From this time Carlisle took no open part in politics. He was not the man to be well pleased with the situation created by the dissolution of 1629, and during the remainder of his life he distinguished himself only by the splendour of his hospitality. He made himself as welcome to Charles as he had been to his father. In July 1635 he told the papal agent, Panzani, probably ironically, that he was ready to accept all the teaching of Rome except the pope's claim to depose kings. He died in March 1636. ‘His debts,’ wrote one of Strafford's correspondents, ‘are great, above 80,000l. He hath left his lady wellnigh 5,000l. a year, the impost of wines in Ireland, for which, they say, she may have 20,000l. ready money … little or nothing comes to the son’ (Strafford Letters, i. 525). ‘He left behind him,’ wrote Clarendon, ‘the reputation of a very fine gentleman and a most accomplished courtier, and after having spent, in a very jovial life, above 400,000l., which, upon a strict computation, he received from the crown, he left not a house or acre of land to be remembered by’ (, i. 136). His only surviving son, James (d. 1660), succeeded him as second Earl of Carlisle, and on his death without issue the title became extinct.

 HAY, JOHN (1546–1607), Scottish jesuit, born in 1546, was a member of the family of Hay of Dalgety, Fifeshire. He entered the Society of Jesus at Rome on 25 Jan. 1565–6, and was fellow-novice with St. Stanislaus Kostka from 28 Oct. 1567 until 25 Jan. 1567–8 (, Storia della Vita di S. Stanislao Kostka, p. 281). In 1576 he visited Strasburg for the benefit of his health, and while there took part in a famous disputation held in the protestant academy on the doctrine of transubstantiation (, Historia Soc. Jesu, pt. iv. n. 131). Afterwards he succeeded in penetrating into Scotland, where his presence caused great commotion among the presbyterian ministers. Embarking at Bordeaux on 23 Dec. 1578, he landed at Dundee on 20 Jan. 1578–9, and stayed in the house of his brother Edmund, an advocate, who was one of the counsel for James Hepburn, earl of Bothwell, at his trial for the murder of Darnley, and in the process of his divorce. The Earl of Errol, constable of the kingdom, and the head of the family of the Hays, offered to conduct him to the king, and promised that he should be unmolested. Royal letters were issued, however, commanding him to quit the country. Another brother, William, gave a caution in 1,000l. that Hay should go abroad, ‘wind and wedder servand,’ before 1 Oct. 1579, and that he would do nothing meanwhile ‘offensive to the trew and Christiane religioun established.’ Hay described his proceedings in a letter addressed from Paris on 9 Nov. 1579 to Edward Mercurian, the general of the jesuits (, Narratives of Scottish Catholics, pp. 141–65).

In or about 1581 he was appointed ordinary professor of theology in the university of Tournon in France, where he was also dean of arts. The publication of his ‘Demandes concerning the Christian Religion’ in 1580 greatly irritated the Calvinists, and led to a long and embittered controversy between the protestant professors at Nismes and the jesuits at Tournon. In his latter days Hay was appointed rector of the college at Pont-à-Mousson in Lorraine, where he died on 21 May 1607. Oliver says he was a man of commanding abilities, primitive fervour, and infantine docility. His works are: 1. ‘Certaine Demandes concerning the Christian Religion and Discipline, proposed to the Ministers of the new pretended Kirk of Scotlande,’ Paris, 1580, 16mo, pp. 104. It was reprinted and translated into French by Father M. Coyssard under the title of ‘Demandes faictes aux Ministres d'Escosse, …’ Lyons, 1583, 16mo. A German translation by Sebastian Werro, Pfarrherr zu Freyburg in Uehtland, appeared under the title of ‘Fragstuck des Christlichen Glaubens an die neuwe Sectische Predigkanten …,’ Freiburg, 1585, 4to; this is the first book printed at Freiburg. Another edition was printed there in 1586. Replies to Hay's work were published by Jaques Pineton de Chambrune and Jean de Serres. There was also published anonymously ‘Response aux cinq premieres et principales Demandes de Fr. Jean Hay,’ Geneva, 1586, 8vo. 2. ‘Disputationum libri duo, in quibus calumniæ et captiones Ministri Anonymi Nemausensis contra Assertiones Theologicas et Philosophicas … anno 1581 propositas discutiuntur,’ Lyons, 1584, 4to. To this De Serres replied in ‘Pro vera Ecclesiæ Catholicæ autoritate Defensio adversus Joh. Hayi Jesuitæ Disputationes,’ Geneva, 1594. 3. ‘La Défense des Demandes proposées aux Ministres de Calvin, touchant les blasphèmes, etc., contre le libelle de


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/274

H Jaques Pineton de Chambrun, prédicant à Nismes,’ Lyons, 1586, 8vo. 4. ‘L'Antimoine aux Responses que Th. de Beze faict à trente sept Demandes de deux cents et six, proposées aux Ministres d'Escosse,’ Tournon, 1588. Hay entitled his work ‘Antimoine’ because Beza had insultingly called him a monk. Hay edited the ‘Bibliotheca Sancta’ of Sisto da Siena, Lyons, 1591, fol.; several times reprinted, and translated into Latin from Italian, ‘Litteræ R. P. Alexandri Valingnano Visitatoris Societatis Jesu in Japponia et China, scriptæ 10 Octobris 1599, ad R. P. Claudium Aquaviva ejusdem Societatis Præpositum Generalem …,’ Antwerp, 1603, 12mo; ‘Japponiensis imperii admirabilis commutatio exposita litteris ad Reverendum admodum P. Claudium Aquavivam’ [by Valentino Carvaglio, and dated from Nangasachi, 25 Feb. 1601], Antwerp, 1604, 8vo; ‘De Rebus Peruanis Reverendi P. Dieghi de Torres, Societatis Jesu Presbyteri Commentarius …,’ Antwerp, 1604, 8vo. These three translations were reissued with other pieces in ‘De Rebus Japonicis, Indicis, et Peruvianis Epistolæ recentiores …,’ Antwerp, 1605, 8vo. A manuscript by Hay, ‘Helleborum Joanni Serrano [de Serres] Calviniano,’ was among the archives of the jesuits at Rome in 1676. ‘Scholia Brevia in Bibl. Sixti,’ Lyons, is also ascribed to him, together with ‘Universitatum totius orbis et collegiorum omnium Societatis libellus,’ Tournon, 1586, 8vo, published with the name of Franciscus Catinius on the title-page.

HAY, JOHN (d. 1654) of Lands and Barra, Scottish judge, son of William Hay, portioner of Barra and commissary of Glasgow (d. 1608), by Margaret, daughter of Hay of Monton, was employed while a very young man by the town of Edinburgh to prepare a Latin oration of welcome in honour of King James VI (see Muses' Welcome). He became town-clerk of Edinburgh. At the beginning of 1633 he succeeded Sir John Hamilton of Magdalen as lord clerk register, and also as extraordinary lord on 8 Jan. He had been a staunch supporter of prelacy, and this promotion was probably obtained for him by the archbishop of St. Andrews. On 7 Jan. 1634 he succeeded Sir Robert Spotiswood as an ordinary lord. In September 1637 he was made provost of Edinburgh against the wish of the townsmen, in order that he might support the new service book. In this capacity he endeavoured to prevent the town from petitioning against the prayer-book, and a series of riots ensued with which Hay was quite unable to cope. Shortly afterwards Hay, who had also supported the claims of the bishops to seats in the privy council, fled to England from the popular indignation and resigned all his offices (, Memoirs, p. 27;, Lord Advocates of Scotland, i. 118). Five thousand pounds was granted him by way of compensation for this loss, with 400l. a year until the principal sum should be paid. In 1641 he returned with the king to Scotland, was charged with treason in promoting dissension between the king and his subjects, and was imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle from 20 Aug. to 16 Nov., when he was released on finding security for his good behaviour. In January and February 1642, he, with Sir Robert Spotiswood, lord president, and others, was tried by a parliamentary committee, but nothing being proved against him he was liberated, although he and the lord president lost their offices. After the trial the Scots parliament referred the matter to the king, who in a letter from Winchester, 24 Sept. 1642, pronounced Hay innocent. He joined Montrose and was taken prisoner at Philiphaugh. His life was saved (13 Sept. 1645) by the intervention of the Earl of Lanark, to whom he had granted his rents during his lifetime. He then retired to Duddingstone, near Edinburgh, where he died 20 Nov. 1654. He left a large family. A grandson, Richard Augustine Hay, is separately noticed.

HAY, JOHN, second and first  (1626–1697), eldest son of John, first earl of Tweeddale, by his first wife, Lady Jane Seton, daughter of Alexander, first earl of Dunfermline, was born in 1626. On the outbreak of the civil war in England he joined the standard of Charles I at Nottingham (1642). Dissatisfied, however, with Charles's attitude towards the covenanters, he accepted the command of a regiment in the army raised by the Scots to resist the advance of Charles northwards. With this regiment he fought against the king at Marston Moor (1644). After the surrender of Charles to the Scots, Hay joined the party for upholding the ‘engagement,’ and commanded the East Lothian regiment at the battle of Preston in the army raised on behalf


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/275

H of the king (1648). He was present at the coronation of Charles II at Scone in 1651. Succeeding his father in 1654, he was in the following year chosen member for East Lothian. He formed one of the committee chosen to receive the answer of Cromwell to the petition that he should assume the kingship. In the parliament which met in London 27 Jan. 1659 he sat as one of the commissioners from Scotland. At the Restoration he was sworn a privy councillor, but having opposed the proposal to pass sentence against James Guthrie [q. v.], minister of Stirling, he was by the king's order committed on 17 Sept. to the castle of Edinburgh (, Sufferings of the Church of Scotland, i. 219). He wrote to Lauderdale that he was struck as with thunder by the order for committal (Lauderdale Papers, i. 99–100), and after apologising to the king and petitioning the council, he on 4 Oct. received his liberty on a bond of 1,000l., but was ordered to confine himself to his own house under a penalty (, i. 221;, Diary, p. 344). The misunderstanding between him and the king was soon removed. About May the confinement was remitted, and in June 1663 he was chosen president of the council. In January of the following year he was appointed one of a high commission ‘for the execution of the laws in church affairs,’ and on 2 June of the same year he was made an extraordinary lord of session. Notwithstanding the sufferings which his avowed sympathy with Guthrie had occasioned him, Tweeddale still sought to mitigate the severity of the government towards the covenanters. He chiefly aimed at effecting a compromise, and it was in a great degree due to him that the first indulgence was granted in June 1669, of which the more moderate of the ejected ministers took advantage. Ultimately he came into sharp conflict with the Duke of Lauderdale. On 20 Nov. 1673 Lauderdale wrote to Charles that Tweeddale, ‘at first an underhand contriver and counsellor’ against the policy of the government, had ‘now shown himself openly’ (Lauderdale Papers, iii. 17). Early in 1674 he was dismissed from his offices and deprived of his seat in the privy council. After the downfall of Lauderdale in 1680 he was restored to his office of commissioner of the treasury. In June of this year he was brought before the council because conventicles had been held in the town barn of Inverkeithing, of which he was proprietor, but on his showing that the ‘barn held burgage of the town’ he was assoilzied, and the process continued against the magistrates (, iii. 196). On 11 May 1682 he, with the Duke of Hamilton, was readmitted to the privy council (, Historical Notices, p. 354), and the same month was named commissioner for trying the state of the coinage and mint (ib. p. 355).

Chiefly on account of having become security in large sums for the Earl of Dunfermline, Tweeddale in 1686 found it necessary to part with his ancestral estates in the county of Peebles. He remained in office under James II, but disliked his Scottish policy. He took his stand from the beginning with the revolutionary party, and supported William of Orange. His moderation gained the adherence of many waverers. In March 1689 he and the Earl of Leven were deputed by the estates to present to the Duke of Gordon the order for the deliverance of Holyrood Castle within twenty-four hours. The duke promised that the castle should be surrendered by ten o'clock on the following morning; and but for the arrival of Claverhouse on the scene the promise would have been fulfilled. On 18 May 1689 Tweeddale was sworn a privy councillor under the new régime. On 7 Dec. following he was appointed a lord of the treasury, and on 5 Jan. 1692 was constituted high chancellor of Scotland. He was created marquis by patent 17 Dec. 1694. He was appointed lord high commissioner to the parliament which met at Edinburgh in May of the following year, when he anticipated the action which it was proposed to take in reference to the massacre of Glencoe, by announcing the appointment of a special commission to inquire into the matter. Tweeddale was one of the members of that commission, and had the difficult task of indirectly influencing the deliberations of parliament when the report came to be considered. It is supposed to have been partly to divert the mind of the nation from the Glencoe blunder that Tweeddale lent a willing ear to the Darien schemes of Paterson, the royal assent to the Colonisation Act being given by him on 20 June. The king, absent on the continent, was ignorant of what had been done in his name. When a violent clamour against the scheme arose in England, he expressed dissatisfaction with Tweeddale's conduct and dismissed him in 1696 from the office of chancellor. Tweeddale died on 11 Aug. of the following year.

By his wife Lady Jean Scott, daughter of Walter, first earl of Buccleuch, he had seven sons and two daughters, viz. John, second marquis of Tweeddale [q. v.]; Francis, who died young; Lord David Hay of Belton; Charles Hay, who died young; Lord Alexander Hay of Spott, Haddingtonshire; Lord Gilbert; Lord William; Lady Margaret, married to Robert, third earl of Roxburghe; and Lady Jean married to William, first earl of


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/276

H March. If not one of the ablest, Tweeddale was one of the most honourable and straightforward statesmen of his time. He had not always the courage of his opinions, but his opinions were patriotic and enlightened, and he usually gave good advice.

HAY, JOHN (d. 1706), brigadier-general, colonel royal Scots dragoons, now royal Scots greys, second son of John Hay, second marquis of Tweeddale [q. v.], by his wife Lady Anne Maitland, only child of the Duke of Lauderdale, entered the army in the Scots dragoons, since famous as the Scots greys; became lieutenant-colonel of the regiment; and commanded it in the campaigns under Marlborough in 1702–3. He became colonel of the regiment by purchase in 1704, and was made a brigadier-general. Under his command the greys, the royal Scottish dragoons, or Scots regiment of white horses, as they were sometimes called, greatly distinguished themselves in the succeeding campaigns, particularly at Schellenberg, where they were dismounted, and helped to storm the heights on foot, and at Ramillies, where they took prisoners the famous French régiment du Roi, and, according to tradition, won the distinction of wearing grenadiers' caps since enjoyed by the regiment. Hay married, first, Lady Mary Dalzell, only daughter of James, fourth earl of Carnwath, by Lady Mary Seton (, iii. 586); secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Charles Orreby or Orby, bart., of Crowland, Lincolnshire; she survived him, and remarried Major-general Robert Hunter [q. v.] Hay died of a lingering fever at Courtrai, 15 Aug. 1706, ‘to the regret of the whole army.’

HAY, JOHN, second (1645–1713), eldest son of John, first marquis [q. v.], by his wife Lady Jean Scott, daughter of Walter, first earl of Buccleuch, was born in 1645. On Argyll's invasion of Scotland in 1685, he was appointed colonel of the newly raised East Lothian regiment. Adhering with his father to the revolution in 1689, he was chosen a privy councillor of William and Mary, and appointed sheriff of Haddington. He succeeded his father in 1697, and was continued a privy councillor under Queen Anne. For a time he joined the Duke of Hamilton as joint leader of the national party, but, after some private negotiations with the English government, was appointed high commissioner to the Scottish parliament which met in August 1704. The compromise resulted in the passing by the parliament of the Act of Security. It was supposed that Tweeddale and others were influenced to some extent in their policy by personal considerations, but Lockhart gives Tweeddale the credit of being the ‘least ill-meaning man of his party either through inclination or capacity’ (Papers, i. 97). On the 18th of the following October Tweeddale was made lord high chancellor in room of the Earl of Seafield, who was, however, reinstated in office on the 9th of March following. On his removal from office Tweeddale became the head of the party known as the squadrone volante, from the independent attitude they assumed. Until almost the last moment this party remained silent as to their attitude towards the union, but after voting in favour of it on the first division, they were its constant and zealous advocates until the measure was successfully carried through. On 13 Feb. 1707 Tweeddale was chosen one of the sixteen Scottish representative peers. He died on 20 April 1713. Macky, who describes him as a ‘short brown man,’ states that he was ‘a great encourager and promoter of trade and of the welfare of his country.’ He also refers to him as both sensible and modest, and, though hot when much piqued, a man of honour. By his wife Lady Anne Maitland, only child of the Duke of Lauderdale, he had three sons and two daughters; Charles, third marquis, father of John, fourth marquis [q. v.], and of Lord Charles Hay [q. v.]; Lord John (d. 1706) [q. v.]; Lord William Hay of Newhall; Lady Anne, third wife of William, eleventh lord Ross; and Lady Jean, married to John, eighth earl of Rothes.

HAY, JOHN, titular (1691–1740), Jacobite colonel, born in 1691, was third son of Thomas, sixth earl of Kinnoull, by his wife Elizabeth, only daughter of William, first viscount Strathallan. George Hay, seventh earl of Kinnoull [q. v.], was his eldest brother. Shortly before the death of Queen Anne he bought a company in the foot-


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/277

H guards (, Memoirs, p. 45). He was privy to the political schemes of his brother-in-law the Earl of Mar [see, sixth or eleventh , (1675–1732)], and accompanied him when he set out in disguise in the coal ship from Gravesend to Elie, Fifeshire, in 1715 to head the insurrection in behalf of the Chevalier in Scotland. For a time he acted as Mar's right-hand man. He was sent by him to offer Atholl in the Chevalier's name the command of the army under the Duke of Berwick, but Atholl, having a special distaste of the messenger, ‘who had been Mar's tool during the tory ministry in making an interest against him in the election to the shire of Perth’ (ib. p. 35), declined the offered bait. On 14 Sept. Hay, with a detachment of two hundred men, took possession of Perth, and four days later was appointed by Mar governor of the city. Hay's selection for this difficult post caused much misgiving among the Chevalier's supporters, for he was totally destitute of military experience. His capacity was not, however, put to the test. Perth shortly afterwards became the headquarters of the rebels, and Hay was despatched by Mar to France, to report as to the progress of the cause, to solicit assistance, and to advise the immediate departure of the Chevalier for Scotland. On his return he was made brigadier-general and master of horse to the Chevalier. After the collapse of the rebellion Hay suffered forfeiture by act of parliament, and joined the exiled court at St. Germains. Even before the close of the expedition he had shown distrust of Mar, and his secret revelations in regard to Mar's subsequent perfidy were doubtless chiefly responsible for Mar's loss of the Chevalier's confidence. In 1723 Hay was despatched on a mission to Brussels, where he had a special interview with Bishop Atterbury [q. v.] Next year Hay succeeded Mar as secretary, but, according to Atterbury, he consented with the utmost reluctance to be officially appointed to the office, or to discharge the duties permanently. He was, however, publicly declared secretary 5 March 1725, and created Earl of Inverness (Lockhart Papers, ii. 149). The appointment was displeasing to the Chevalier's wife, who complained of the treatment accorded her by ‘Mr. Hay and his lady’ (ib. p. 265); and in November she threatened to retire to a convent unless Hay was dismissed. It was generally supposed that she was secretly instigated by Mar, but it was also rumoured that she was jealous of Hay's wife. This lady, Marjory, third daughter of David, fifth viscount of Stormont, is described by Lockhart as ‘a mere coquet, tolerably handsome, but withal prodigiously vain and arrogant.’ Lockhart, however, affirms that there was no real ground for jealousy. Ultimately Hay was removed from office in April 1727, and although Sir John Graham, a creature of his own, was appointed in his stead, he ceased to influence the prince's affairs. There is no reason to suspect him of any duplicity parallel to that of Mar, and there is inherent improbability in the story which credits him with revealing to the English government some ciphered correspondence. But he possessed few qualifications for the office to which he had been promoted, and probably unwittingly did as much to damage the Jacobite cause as Mar did. He is described by Lockhart as ‘a cunning, false, avaricious creature, of very ordinary parts, cultivated by no sort of literature, altogether void of experience in business’ (ib. p. 340). He died without issue in 1740.

 HAY, JOHN, fourth (d. 1762), was eldest son of Charles, third marquis, studied law in Edinburgh, succeeded as fourth marquis in 1715, and was on 7 March 1721 appointed an extraordinary lord of session. In 1722 he was chosen one of the sixteen representative peers for Scotland, and was re-elected in 1727. He attached himself to Lord Carteret, and was not re-elected either in 1737 or 1741, but was returned in 1742, and again in 1747, 1752, and 1761. On the resignation of Sir Robert Walpole in February 1742 he joined Lord Wilmington's administration as principal secretary of state for Scotland. He resigned the office in January 1746, when it was abolished. With his death the office of extraordinary lord of session also came to an end. He was for some time principal keeper of his majesty's signet. In 1761 he was appointed lord justice-general, and was in the same year made a governor of the Bank of Scotland. He died in London on 9 Sept. 1762, and in accordance with directions given in his will was privately buried at Yester in East Lothian. By him the estate of Yester was greatly improved, particularly in the way of enclosing fields and planting trees, and towards the close of the eighteenth century the estate contained some of the finest timber in Scotland. He married, 24 May 1748, Lady Frances, daughter of John Carteret, earl Granville, and they had a family of two sons and four daughters.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/278

H HAY, JOHN (1793–1851), rear-admiral, third son of George, seventh marquis of Tweeddale, was born on 1 April 1793. In December 1804 he was nominally entered on board the Monarch, Lord Keith's flagship in the Downs. He is described as belonging in succession to several other ships on the home station; but it seems probable that he did not personally enter the service till December 1806, when he joined the Sea-horse of 42 guns, going to the Mediterranean. In her he continued till June 1811, and saw much active service, losing his left arm in a cutting-out expedition in Hyères Roads in 1807, and sharing in the capture of a Turkish ship of 52 guns on 5 July 1808. On 1 April 1812 he was made lieutenant, and in June was appointed to the Pique, in which he went to the West Indies; on 31 May 1814 he was transferred to the Venerable, carrying the flag of Sir Philip Durham, and from her was promoted on 15 June to the rank of commander. In November he was appointed to the Bustard at Lisbon, and in the following year commissioned the Opossum of 10 guns, which he commanded in the Channel and on the Halifax station till August 1818. On 7 Dec. he was promoted to be captain; he was member of parliament for Haddington 1826–30, but had no employment afloat till September 1832, when he was appointed to the Castor frigate. In November 1836 he was transferred to the Phœnix, and in March 1837 to the North Star, which he paid off in 1840. For a great part of this time he was employed as commander of a small squadron on the north coast of Spain during the civil war, and was frequently landed in command of a naval and marine brigade. In acknowledgment of his services, especially at the siege of Bilbao, he received the C.B., 17 Feb. 1837, and the grand cross of Charles III. From August 1841 to October 1843 Hay commanded the Warspite of 50 guns on the North American and West Indian station; in 1846 he was for a few months acting as superintendent of Woolwich dockyard; in 1847 he was returned to parliament as member for Windsor, and from 1847 to 1850 was one of the lords of the admiralty. On 9 Feb. 1850 he was appointed commodore-superintendent of Devonport dockyard, where he still was at the time of his death on 9 Sept. 1851, two days after he had hoisted his flag as rear-admiral on board the St. George. He married in 1846 Mary Anne, eldest daughter of Donald Cameron of Lochiel, but left no issue.

HAY, LUCY, (1599–1660), was the second daughter of Henry Percy, ninth earl of Northumberland, by Dorothy, widow of Sir Thomas Perrot, and daughter of Walter Devereux, earl of Essex (, Peerage, ed. Brydges, ii. 342). She was born in 1599, and married on 6 Nov. 1617 James Hay [q. v.], then Lord Hay of Sawley, afterwards Earl of Carlisle (ib.) The match was extremely distasteful to the Earl of Northumberland; he was a Percy, he said, ‘and could not endure that his daughter should dance any Scotch jigs.’ He kept her for some time with him in the Tower, where he was then a prisoner, but failed to conquer her affection for Hay (Court and Times of James I, i. 459, ii. 20, 27, 50). Hay is said to have procured Northumberland's release from the Tower, in order to gain his approval of the marriage, but that release did not take place till 1621 (, History of Great Britaine, p. 130). The beauty and wit of Lady Carlisle gave her a brilliant position in the court of Charles I. All the poets of the period sang her praises. Cartwright's poems open with ‘A Panegyric to the Most Noble Lucy, Countess of Carlisle’ (ed. 1651, p. 183); Carew addresses her under the name of Lucinda (Poems, ed. Hazlitt, pp. 41, 117); Herrick celebrates in his ‘Hesperides’ ‘a black twist rounding the arm of the Countess of Carlisle,’ and she is the subject of a by no means platonic dialogue between Carew and Suckling (, Poems, ed. Hazlitt, p. 29). Both D'Avenant and Waller addressed consolatory verses to her upon the death of her husband in 1636. Sir Toby Matthew in his prose character of the countess wrote: ‘Her wit being most eminent among the rest of her great abilities, she affects the conversation of the persons who are most famed for it.’ A mention of Matthew's character in Strafford's ‘Letters’ (ii. 146, 149) shows that it was circulated in manuscript in 1637. Allusion is also made to it in Suckling's ‘Session of the Poets,’ stanzas 15, 16. It was first printed in 1660 in ‘A Collection of Letters made by Sir Toby Matthew,’ published after his death by Dr. John Donne, and dedicated to Lady Carlisle.

To the admiration of wits and courtiers Lady Carlisle added the confidence of the queen. Early in the reign she had gained the queen's heart more than any other of the ladies around her, and it was reported that she had taught her to paint (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1628–9, p. 81). In 1628 an attack of small-pox endangered her life and plunged the court in gloom; but though she was for some little time afterwards compelled to wear a mask it does not appear to have seriously


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/279

H impaired her beauty (ib. p. 343; Court and Times of Charles I, i. 388). Her popularity in the court and her power over the queen assured Lady Carlisle a large amount of political influence. Her famous friendship with Strafford was partly based on Strafford's need of an ally near the queen. ‘I judge her ladyship very considerable,’ wrote Strafford to Laud in 1637; ‘she is often in place and extremely well skilled how to speak with advantage and spirit for those friends she professeth unto, which will not be many. There is this further in her disposition, she will not seem to be the person she is not, an ingenuity I have always observed and honoured her for’ (, Letters, ii. 120). On the eve of his impeachment he wrote to Radcliffe: ‘For love of Christ take order that all the money due to my Lady Carlisle be paid before Christmas, for a nobler nor more intelligent friendship did I never meet with in my life’ (, Life of Sir G. Radcliffe, p. 221). After Strafford's death Lady Carlisle allied herself for a time with the leaders of the opposition. ‘She changed her gallant from Strafford to Pym, and was become such a she-saint that she frequented their sermons and took notes’ (Memoirs of Sir Philip Warwick, p. 204). Clarendon connects this defection with that of the Earl of Holland, and fixes it in the autumn of 1641. ‘Whether he seduced or was seduced, the Lady Carlisle, with whom he always held a strict friendship, withdrew herself from her attendance upon the queen, communicated all she knew, and more, of the natures and dispositions of the king and queen; and after she had a short time murmured for the death of the Earl of Strafford, renounced all future devotion for those who would, but could not protect him’ (, Rebellion, ed. Macray, iv. 78 n.) Her conduct is certainly not free from the stain of treachery. At one time she communicated to the queen a paper which she had received from Lord Mandeville, at another she reported to Holland some unguarded words used by the queen (Letter of Sir E. Nicholas,, Diary, ed. Wheatley, iv. 92; , Rebellion, iv. 14). Her most eminent service to the popular party consisted in the warning she gave of the king's intended arrest of the five members. ‘I shall never forget,’ said Hesilrige, ‘the kindness of that great lady, the Lady Carlisle, that gave timely notice’ (, Diary, iii. 93).

During the latter part of the civil war she was deep in the councils of the little party of aristocratic presbyterians, who, though they had taken up arms against the king, were above all things anxious to preserve the monarchy and eager to come to terms with Charles. When the army impeached eleven leading presbyterians in July 1647, one of the charges against them was the contrivance of secret cabals at the house of the Countess of Carlisle (Old Parliamentary History, xvi. 74, 121). In the preparation of the second civil war the Countess of Carlisle was again active. She had the confidence of the presbyterian leaders, and was once more trusted by the queen. When Prince Charles blockaded the Thames she sent him secret messages by Mr. Low, who was employed by the city to negotiate for the restoration of the ships taken by the prince. She pawned her pearl necklace for 1,500l., in order to raise money for the equipment of the Earl of Holland's forces (, Rebellion, xi. 65, 137). She corresponded with Lauderdale, and acted as intermediary between Hamilton and Lauderdale in Scotland and Holland, and his party in England (Hamilton Papers, Camden Society, pp. 202, 205; see also the letters deciphered by Dr. John Wallis, and presented by him to the Bodleian Library). In consequence of these intrigues, which seem to have been brought to light during Hamilton's trial, Lady Carlisle was arrested by Colonel Harrison on 15 March 1649, and committed by the council of state to the Tower, where she remained for about eighteen months (Sydney Papers, ed. Blencowe, p. 71). ‘The Countess of Carlisle,’ says a royalist news-letter of May 1649, ‘hath been again shown the rack; but she desires them not to hurt her, for she is a woman and cannot endure pain, but she will confess whatsoever they will have her’ (, Original Letters, i. 286). On 25 Sept. 1650 the council of state ordered her release for two months on bail, and on 3 March 1651–2 her bonds were ordered to be cancelled, and she was restored to full liberty (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1650 p. 356, 1651–1652 p. 167). This experience did not altogether cure Lady Carlisle of her taste for political intrigues, but her influence among the royalists seems to have been diminished, especially after Hyde became the chief adviser of Charles II. Nicholas, writing to Hyde in 1654, opposed the employment of Lord Percy largely on the ground of his sister's untrustworthiness. ‘He will discover all things that are communicated to him to his dear and virtuous sister Carlisle, who has been, through the whole story of his late majesty's misfortunes, a very pernicious instrument, and she will assuredly discover all things to her gang of presbyterians, who have ever betrayed all they know to the ruling rebels’ (Cal. Clarendon Papers, ii. 334). She was very busy in February 1660.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/280

H Hartgill Baron, in a letter to Hyde, complains of her intrigues, concluding: ‘Whatever Lady Carlisle hears she immediately tells her nephews, Lord Lisle and Algernon Sidney, and is still Sempronia’ (Clarendon Papers, iii. 681). Lady Carlisle was in truth very like Sempronia, ‘the great stateswoman’ of Jonson's ‘Catiline.’ ‘She felt a woman's pride in attracting to her the strong heads by which the world was ruled,’ and sought to inspire statesmen and guide events (, History, ix. 86). Scandalmongers have hinted that she was the mistress of Strafford and Pym, but with little probability. ‘She cannot love in earnest,’ says Toby Matthew, ‘so contenting herself to play with Love as with a child. Naturally she hath no passion at all.’

The countess died suddenly on 5 Nov. 1660 of apoplexy, and was buried at Petworth (, Sydney Papers, p. 161). Vandyck painted several portraits of her; one is at Windsor, another at Petworth, a third, representing also her sister Dorothy, countess of Leicester, was in the possession of Lord Waldegrave. Engravings of these appear in Lodge's ‘Portraits,’ and in Lombart's series of engravings from Vandyck. A list is given in the catalogue of the Sutherland collection in the Bodleian Library, i. 126.

HAY, MARY CECIL (1840?–1886), novelist, born in 1840 or 1841, was the daughter of Thomas William Hay, watch and clock maker, of Market Square, Shrewsbury, and Cecilia his wife. Many years after her father's death she removed, with her mother and two sisters, to Chiswick, Middlesex, but settled ultimately at East Preston, near Worthing, Sussex, where she died on 24 July 1886, aged 45. She was buried on the 29th in Highgate cemetery. Her novels were nearly all brought out serially in the first instance, and, though successful here, were far more popular in America and Australia. Her best-known novel, ‘Old Myddelton's Money,’ 3 vols., appeared in 1874 (1 vol. 1875). Her other books are: 1. ‘Kate's Engagement,’ 1873 (‘Belgravia,’ 2nd ser. x. 373–392). 2. ‘Hidden Perils,’ 3 vols. 1873 (1 vol. 1875). 3. ‘Victor and Vanquished,’ 3 vols. 1874 (1 vol. 1875), appeared originally as ‘Rendered a Recompense.’ 4. ‘The Squire's Legacy,’ 3 vols. 1875 (1 vol. 1876). 5. ‘Brenda Yorke [previously entitled ‘Known by its Fruit’], and other Tales,’ 3 vols. 1875. 6. ‘Nora's Love Test,’ 3 vols. 1876 (1 vol. 1878). 7. ‘The Arundel Motto,’ 1877. 8. ‘Under the Will, and other Tales,’ 3 vols. 1878. 9. ‘For her dear Sake,’ 3 vols. 1880. 10. ‘Missing! and other Tales,’ 3 vols. 1881. 11. ‘Dorothy's Venture,’ 3 vols. 1882. 12. ‘Bid me Discourse, and other Tales,’ 3 vols. 1883. 13. ‘Lester's Secret,’ 3 vols. 1885. Though prostrated by a torturing malady for the last sixteen months of her life, Miss Hay was able to correct the proofs of another collection of fiction published posthumously as ‘A Wicked Girl, and other Tales,’ 3 vols. 1886.

HAY, RICHARD AUGUSTINE (1661–1736?), Scottish priest and antiquary, born at Edinburgh on 16 Aug. 1661, was second son of Captain George Hay (ninth son of Sir John Hay [q. v.] of Barra, lord clerk register of Scotland), by his wife Jean, daughter of Sir Henry Spotiswood, high sheriff of Dublin, and gentleman of the green cloth. He was baptised in the Tron Church by William Annan, D.D., afterwards dean of Edinburgh; was brought up at Innerleithen, Dysart, and Foord with his cousins, and was afterwards sent to schools at Edinburgh, Dalkeith, and Traquire. His father died when he was about five years old, and his mother soon afterwards married James Sinclair of Rosslyn, ‘from which time he was toss'd up and down till at last he was sent to France about 1673 or 1674, and there thrust into the Scots Colledge.’ He pursued his grammatical course in the college of Navarre at Paris. After four years he withdrew to Chartres, and settled as a pensioner in St. Chéron's abbey of canons regular near that city, where he completed his education in rhetoric. He took the habit of a canon regular at Sainte-Geneviève's at Paris on 25 Aug. 1678, and made his vows on 3 Sept. 1679. He was immediately sent to Saint-Jacques de Provins, where he resided two years, receiving the tonsure and the four minor orders in October 1680. Next he proceeded to Brittany, and studied philosophy and divinity in the abbey of Saint-Pierre de Rillé, near Fougères, where he was ordained subdeacon and deacon in September 1683. He then returned to Chartres to teach the third school, and there he was ordained priest on 22 Sept. 1685. The abbot of Sainte-Geneviève granted him a commission on 7 Sept. 1686 for establishing the canons regular in England and Scotland. He left Paris next day, ‘loanging to sie the smoak of his own countrey.’ Having kissed James II's


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/281

H hands at Windsor, he proceeded to Leith. His efforts to establish his order in Scotland were frustrated by the revolution. He was ordered to leave the kingdom, and the council of state made him give a bond in a thousand marks Scots that he would not go to England or Ireland, nor return to Scotland. He landed at Dunkirk on 5 June (N.S.) 1689, and proceeded to Paris. On 9 Nov. the same year he was made sub-prior of Hérivaux, on 11 Aug. 1692 sub-prior of Essomes, on 1 Aug. 1694 prior of Bernicourt in Champagne, and on 21 Jan. 1694–5 prior of St.-Pierremont-en-Argonne.

At a later date he returned to Scotland, and in 1719, while residing in Edinburgh, issued proposals for printing the ‘Scotichronicon’ of John de Fordun [q. v.] His latter days were embittered by poverty, and he died in the Cowgate, Edinburgh, in 1735 or 1736.

His works are: 1. ‘Descriptio Scotiæ Historico-Geographica,’ 1696, manuscript. 2. A letter in French to the Duke of Perth, dated 4 Sept. 1715, appended to a ‘Reponse de Mathieu Kennedy,’ Paris, 1715, 8vo. 3. ‘Proposals for printing the Chronicle of John Fordun, with the additions and continuation of Walter Bowmaker,’ Edinburgh, 1719. 4. ‘Origine of the Royal Family of the Stewarts; in answer to Dr. Kennedy's … Dissertation,’ &c., with an appendix of charters, Edinburgh, 1722 and 1793, 4to. 5. ‘Vindication of Elizabeth More from being a concubine, and her children from the tache of bastardy, confuting the critical observations of the publisher of the Carta Authentica, and of some other late writers,’ Edinburgh, 1723, 4to; dedicated to President Dalrymple; reprinted in Robert Buchanan's ‘Scotia Rediviva,’ Edinburgh, 1826, 8vo, art. i. 6. ‘Account of the Templars’ [Edinburgh, 1830?], 4to, from the original manuscript in the Advocates' Library. 7. ‘Genealogie of the Hayes of Tweeddale, including Memoirs of his own Times,’ Edinburgh, 1835, 4to. Only 108 small-paper and twelve large-paper copies privately printed. 8. ‘Genealogie of the Sainteclaires of Rosslyn, including the Chartulary of Rosslyn,’ Edinburgh (privately printed), 1835, 4to.

Most of his manuscripts were purchased by the Faculty of Advocates at Edinburgh, and are now preserved in their library. A list of them is given in the ‘Genealogie of the Hayes of Tweeddale.’ They include ‘Hay's Memoirs, or a Collection of several things relating to the historical account of the most famed families of Scotland,’ 3 vols.; and ‘Diplomatum veterum collectio,’ 3 vols., documents relating to the history of Scotland.

HAY, ROBERT (1799–1863), Egyptian traveller and archæologist, born 6 Jan. 1799, was fourth son of Robert Hay of Drumelzier and Whittinghame in Scotland (a great-grandson of John Hay, first earl of Tweeddale) and Janet, daughter of James Erskine of Cardross. Hay, who inherited the estate of Linplum from his brother James, was a pioneer of Egyptian exploration. He was in Egypt as one of the leading members of an archæological expedition between 1826 and 1838. Among his companions were the artists Arundale, Catherwood, J. Bonomi the younger, and E. W. Lane. Besides Egyptian antiquities presented to the British Museum, there are in the department of manuscripts there forty-nine large volumes of archæological and other drawings made during this expedition (Add. MSS. 29812–60), and also part of Hay's own diary (Add. MS. 31054). In 1840 Hay published a folio volume of ‘Illustrations of Cairo,’ lithographed by J. C. Bourne from drawings by O. B. Carter [q. v.] and others. Some of the original drawings for this work are in the print room at the British Museum. Hay married, in 1828, Kalitza, daughter of Alexandros Psarakè, chief magistrate of Apodhulo in Crete, by whom he left two sons. He died at Amisfield, East Lothian, on 4 Nov. 1863.

HAY, THOMAS, eighth (1710–1787), eldest son of George Hay, seventh earl [q. v.], was carefully educated, and attained some reputation as a classical scholar. In 1736, when Lord Dupplin, he was elected member of parliament for Scarborough, but was unseated on petition. At the general election in 1741 he was returned for the borough of Cambridge, of which he was recorder, and was re-elected in 1747 and 1754. In the last two parliaments he was chairman of the committee of privileges and elections. In 1741 he was appointed one of the commissioners of the revenue in Ireland, and in 1746 was made a lord of trade and plantations. As a member of parliament he gradually rose to a position of influence. In 1751 he was described by Horace Walpole as ‘fond of forms and trifles,’ but ‘not absolutely a bad speaker.’ He took a prominent part in the efforts to improve the condition of Nova Scotia, and in April 1754


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/282

H the Duke of Newcastle made him a lord of the treasury. He often negotiated money affairs for the government in the city, and in the House of Commons defended the ministry in regard to many money transactions. In 1755 Dupplin was made joint paymaster with Lord Darlington. According to Horace Walpole, Dupplin was then reckoned among the thirty ablest men in the House of Commons, and it was said of him that he ‘aimed at nothing but understanding business and explaining it.’ He was well known in general political and literary society, and his friends included Lord-chancellor Hardwicke, Lord Mansfield, and Archbishop Secker. He knew Gay, and was acquainted with Pope. He is the prating ‘Balbus’ of Pope's ‘Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot.’

When, in 1756, it was suggested to Newcastle that he should strengthen his position by securing the co-operation of Fox, Dupplin strongly opposed the step. In 1757 he declined an offer of the chancellorship of the exchequer in the Duke of Newcastle's second administration, but later in the year there was much talk of his replacing Lord Halifax as first lord of trade. In 1758 he entered Newcastle's second ministry as chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster and a privy councillor, and succeeded his father in the same year as Earl of Kinnoull. Next year he was sent as ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Portugal with a view to make satisfaction to the court of Lisbon for the violation of Portuguese neutrality by Admiral Boscawen, who had taken and burned French ships off Lagos.

Kinnoull, whose health suffered from his official work, retired into private life in 1762, when the Duke of Newcastle ceased to be premier. He thenceforth resided on his estates in Perthshire, encouraging his tenants to improve the land by granting them leases at moderate rents and erecting new houses and farm-buildings. Owing to his efforts, a bridge (completed in 1771 after Smeaton's designs) was built at Perth over the Tay.

In 1765 Kinnoull was elected chancellor of the university of St. Andrews, an office which he held during the remainder of his life. He was likewise president of the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge in Scotland. He died at Dupplin Castle, Perthshire, on 27 Dec. 1787. Some of his correspondence with the Duke and Duchess of Newcastle, T. Hurdis, and others is preserved among the Addit. MSS. at the British Museum.

On 12 June 1741 he married Constantia, only daughter and heiress of John Kyrle Crule of Whithaven in Wiltshire, by whom he had an only son (b. 12 Aug. 1742), who died in infancy. His nephew, Robert Auriol Hay, succeeded as ninth earl.

 HAY, WILLIAM, fifth (d. 1576), supporter of Mary Queen of Scots, was the eldest son of John, fourth lord Yester, by his wife Margaret, eldest daughter of the fourth Earl of Livingstone. His father, who was taken prisoner at the battle of Pinkie in 1547, and was for some time in confinement, died in 1557. The son was served heir in 1559. He had been living in France, and on 20 June of this year received a passport from Elizabeth into Scotland (Cal. State Papers, For. Ser. 1558–9, entry 863). Writing to Sir William Cecil on 20 June, Throckmorton states that he is mistrusted and a great papist (ib. p. 870). Nevertheless he was one of the noblemen who subscribed the ‘Book of Discipline’ in the Tolbooth on 27 Jan. 1560–1 (, Works, ii. 129). He also signed the treaty of Berwick. On 14 Feb. 1561–2 the queen confirmed a charter to him and his wife Margaret Ker of the lands of Belton, with manor, turret, and fortalice, in the county of Haddington (Reg. Mag. Sig. ii. entry 1410). He was present as one of the extraordinary lords of the privy council at the meeting at Edinburgh, 1 Aug. 1565, when the Earl of Moray was charged to appear before the king and queen (Reg. P. C. Scotl. i. 347), and in the ‘roundabout raid’ against Moray was one of those who commanded the van which was nominally led by Darnley (ib. p. 379). From this time he was among the steadiest supporters of the queen. He was one of the first to join her and Bothwell after their flight from Borthwick Castle to Dunbar, and marched with his dependents to her support at Carberry Hill. When it was determined to convey her to Lochleven, Hay and other nobles gathered to attempt her relief, but circumstances proved unfavourable (, Hist. ii. 647). He also signed the band for the deliverance of the queen from Loch Leven, and fought for her at Langside. In March 1570 he subscribed the letter to the queen of England advising her to unite the Scottish factions ‘as one flock under the obedience of one head by entering into conditions with the queen of Scotland’ (printed in, ii. 547–50). He abandoned his endeavours when Queen Mary's cause became hopeless. His name appears as a member of the privy


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/283

H  held at Leith on 6 Feb. 1571–2, and from this time he may be reckoned among the ‘king's party.’ He died in August 1576. By his wife Margaret, daughter of John Ker of Ferniehirst, he had two sons, William, sixth lord Hay, and John, seventh lord Hay, from whom the present Marquis of Tweeddale is descended, and four daughters, Margaret, married first to James, seventh lord Borthwick, and secondly to Sir Robert Lauder; Catharine, married to Robert Swinton of Swinton; Jean, to Sir James Hay of Barra; and Elizabeth, to William Ker of Broomland.

HAY, WILLIAM (1695–1755), author, second son of William Hay of Glyndebourne, Sussex, M.P. for Seaford, by his wife, Barbara, youngest daughter of Sir John Stapley, bart., of Patcham, Sussex, was born at Glyndebourne on 21 Aug. 1695. Both his parents died while he was quite a child. In 1705 he was sent to school at Newick, near Lewes, whence he was removed in 1710 to the grammar school at Lewes. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, on 20 March 1712. Leaving the university without a degree, he was admitted in 1715 to the Middle Temple, where he appears to have been called to the bar in Michaelmas term 1723. While pursuing his legal studies he was attacked with small-pox, which severely injured his eyesight. In 1718 he travelled through many parts of England and Scotland. The manuscript notes which he made during this tour of more than a thousand miles are said to be preserved at Glyndebourne. In 1720 he made a tour through France, Germany, and Holland. On his return he settled down in the country, and became an active county magistrate, and in 1733 was appointed chairman of quarter sessions for the eastern division of Sussex. At a by-election in January 1734 he was returned to the House of Commons for Seaford, and continued to represent that constituency until his death. Hay was a whig, and a general supporter of the policy of Sir Robert Walpole. In March 1736 and again in February 1737 he brought in a bill for the better relief and employment of the poor, but failed to carry it through the house (Journals of the House of Commons, xxii. 607, 746). In February 1738 he took part in the debate on the reduction of the army (Parl. Hist. x. 376–9), and in May following was appointed a commissioner for victualling the navy. During the discussion of the navy estimates in February 1740 he defended himself from a personal attack, and challenged ‘the most rigorous scrutiny’ into his conduct at the victualling office (ib. xi. 414). In December 1747 he brought in a bill for the better relief of the poor by voluntary charities (Journals of the House of Commons, xxv. 464), which passed through the commons without any opposition, but was dropped in the House of Lords. He was appointed keeper of the records in the Tower in 1753, and died of apoplexy at Glyndebourne on 22 June 1755, in the sixtieth year of his age. He was buried in Glynde churchyard. Hay was deformed, and scarcely five feet high. Arduous in his parliamentary duties, it was said of him that he was ‘the first in and the last out of the commons.’

In 1731 he married Elizabeth, the second daughter of Thomas Pelham of Catsfield Place, Sussex, by whom he had three sons and two daughters. His eldest son, Thomas, lieutenant-colonel in the Queen's dragoons, represented Lewes from March 1768 to September 1780, and died on 9 Feb. 1786. His second son, William, a member of the supreme council at Calcutta, was murdered while a hostage at Patna on 5 Oct. 1763. His youngest son, Henry, died on 24 Oct. 1754, aged 18. On the death of Frances, the younger of his two daughters, Glyndebourne passed to his nephew, the Rev. Francis Tutté, and is now in the possession of Mr. William Langham Christie. Portraits of Hay and of his eldest and youngest sons are prefixed to his collected works, which were published at the expense of his two daughters, under the editorship of their cousin, the Rev. Francis Tutté, in 1794, London, 4to, 2 vols. He was the author of the following works: 1. ‘An Essay on Civil Government, treating summarily of its necessity, original, dissolution, forms, and properties’ (anonymously), London, 1728, 8vo. 2. ‘Mount Caburn. A Poem humbly inscribed to her Grace the Dutchess of Newcastle,’ London, 1730, fol. 3. ‘Remarks on the Laws relating to the Poor; with Proposals for their better Relief and Employment. By a Member of Parliament. First published in 1735 … with an Appendix containing the Resolutions of the House of Commons on the same subject in 1735,’ &c., London, 1751, 8vo. 4. ‘Religio Philosophi, or the Principles of Morality and Christianity, illustrated from a View of the Universe and of Man's Situation in it,’ London, 1753, 8vo; 2nd edit., London 1754, 8vo; 3rd edit., London, 1760, 8vo; new edit., 1831, 8vo. 5. ‘Deformity; an Essay,’ London, 1754, 8vo; 2nd edit., London, 1754,


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/286

H mission at Westby Hall, Lancashire, where he remained eleven months. As soon as Bishop Smith died, his successor in the northern vicariate, Bishop Penswick, without previous admonition, interdicted Haydock from saying mass in his district, by letter dated 19 Aug. 1831. Thereupon he quietly retired to his estate, the Tagg, where for over eight years he devoted himself to study, with books all around him lining the walls, and piled in heaps on the floors. He appealed to Propaganda twice in 1832 against Bishop Penswick's interdict, but his letters were intercepted and sent to the bishop against whom he appealed. In 1838 he appealed to Propaganda for the third time, and this resulted in his faculties being restored by Bishop Briggs's vicar-general on 18 Nov. 1839, without any explanation offered, or any retractation required. He was then appointed to the poor mission at Penrith, Cumberland, where he arrived four days later. He died at Penrith on 29 Nov. 1849. His library was sold by auction at Preston in 1851.

In the opinion of Archdeacon Cotton, Haydock did not possess ‘high scholarship, but was a pious and warm-hearted man, a most industrious reader, and liberal annotator,’ often covering his books with manuscript notes (Rhemes and Doway, p. 85).

Haydock's chief publication was ‘The Holy Bible, translated from the Latin Vulgate; diligently compared with the Hebrew, Greek, and other editions in divers languages. The Old Testament, first published by the English College at Douay A.D. 1609, and the New Testament, first published by the English College at Rheims A.D. 1582. With Notes selected from the most eminent commentators, and the most able and judicious critics,’ 2 vols. Manchester, 1812–14, fol.; 2nd edit., Dublin, 1812–13, fol. This work, in which he received assistance from other divines, was published in shilling numbers. It was mainly based on the text of Bishop Challoner, published in 1750, but in the New Testament the text of Dr. Troy's edition of 1794 is largely followed. All Challoner's notes are inserted with his signature attached. Other notes are adapted from Bristow, Calmet, Du Hamel, Estius, Menochius, Pastorini (i.e. Bishop Charles Walmesley), Tirinus, Worthington, and Witham. The editor's original observations are marked with the letter H. Archdeacon Cotton credits him with unwearied diligence, but with an occasional want of judgment in the selection of his notes, due to the rapidity with which the work was prepared for press. The notes to the New Testament were compiled by the Rev. Benedict Rayment, Thomas Gregory Robinson, O.S.B., and some of the monks of Ampleforth; those written by Rayment being designated by the letter A. Haydock's Bible was republished at Edinburgh and Dublin in 1845–8. Dr. Husenbeth prepared a new edition in 2 vols. 1850–3, 4to. A New York edition appeared in 1852–6. Of Haydock's other works the principal are: 1. ‘Douay Dictates,’ manuscript, 5 vols., 1796–8, in the possession of Mr. Joseph Gillow. 2. ‘The Psalms and Canticles in the Roman Office, paraphrased and illustrated, with some choice Observations of F. de Carrieres, Calmet, Rondet, &c.,’ manuscript, 4 vols., 1805–6; formerly in the possession of Archdeacon Cotton. 3. ‘The Tree of Life; or the one Church of God from Adam until the 19th or 58th Century,’ Manchester, 1809. A chart presenting at one view an epitome of church history chronologically arranged. It is a version of the ‘Tree of Life’ published by Thomas Ward. 4. ‘Biblical Disquisitions,’ manuscript, intended as a supplement to the Bible. 5. ‘A Key to the Roman Catholic Office,’ Whitby, 1823, 12mo. 6. ‘A Collection of Catholic Hymns,’ York, 1823, 12mo. Portraits of him in oil and in silhouette are in the possession of Mr. Joseph Gillow.

HAYDOCK or HADDOCK, RICHARD, D.D. (1552?–1605), Roman catholic divine, born about 1552, was the second son of Vivian Haydock, esq., of Cottam Hall, near Preston, Lancashire. His mother, Ellen, daughter of William Westby, esq., of Westby, Yorkshire, and Mowbreck Hall, Lancashire, had a sister married to George Allen, brother of William Allen the cardinal. His father, nearly twenty years after the death of his wife, went in 1573 to the English College, Douay. Richard accompanied him, and in 1577 was ordained priest. In the following year he accompanied the professors and students when the college was transferred to Rheims. He was one of the first selected by Dr. Allen to help in founding the English College at Rome, and took the college oath at its formal opening on 23 April 1579. He was sent to England in 1580 with twenty-eight other priests, six of whom, including his younger brother George, were executed. After labouring on the mission for nearly ten years he was invited to Rome by Cardinal Allen, who made him his maestro di camera. He now resumed his studies, and was created D.D. After the cardinal's death in 1594 he


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/287

H remained in Italy some years in close friendship with Father Robert Parsons. In 1602 he left Rome for Douay College, and thence proceeded to Lancashire, and perhaps afterwards to Ireland, as it appears that he held the dignity of dean of Dublin (, Letters and Memorials of Card. Allen, p. 375). He returned to Douay in June 1603. He died at Rome in 1605.

His works are: 1. ‘An Account of the Revolution in the English College at Rome; wherein he was a person chiefly employed by the malcontents,’ dated 9 March 1578–9. Printed in Tierney's edit. of Dodd's ‘Church History,’ vol. ii. pp. cccl–lxxi. In the disputes concerning the administration of the English secular college of Rome Haydock supported the jesuits, and the students demanded his expulsion from the college. 2. ‘An Ample Declaration of the Christian Doctrine,’ translated ‘by R. H., Doctor of Divinitie,’ from the Italian of Cardinal Bellarmin, Douay, 1604, 4to; St. Omer, 1624, 48mo.

 HAYDOCK, RICHARD (fl. 1605), physician, was born at Grewel in Hampshire. He was educated at Winchester College, and on 12 July 1588 matriculated at New College, Oxford, of which he was elected a fellow in 1590; he graduated B.A. 16 Jan. 1592, proceeded M.A. 31 Oct. 1595, and M.B. 14 June 1601 (Oxford Univ. Reg. vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 165, pt. iii. p. 169, Oxford Hist. Soc.) He travelled for some time on the continent, whence he returned to Oxford to study physic. In 1605 he left the university and settled in Salisbury, where he practised as a physician for many years. Arthur Wilson (Hist. of Great Britain, ed. 1653, p. 111) says that Haydock used to see visions in the night; that he would select a text in his sleep, and discourse on it in spite of pinchings, generally denouncing the pope and high church practices. He was summoned to court to exhibit his powers before the king, when he acknowledged himself an impostor, and, after a public recantation, was pardoned by the king, who offered him preferment in the church. Haydock did not, however, take orders, ‘but lived always a physician of good repute at Salisbury, and, retiring for a time to London, died, and was buried there, a little before the grand rebellion broke out’.

Haydock's only publication is ‘A Tracte containing the Artes of curious Paintinge, Carvinge, and Buildinge, written first in Italian by Jo. Paul Lomatius, painter of Milan, and Englished by R. H., student in Physik,’ Oxford, 1598, fol. It is dedicated to Thomas Bodley, esq., the founder of Oxford's ‘Pambiblion, or Temple to all the Muses.’

 HAYDOCK, ROGER (1644–1696), quaker, the second son of respectable parents, inclined to presbyterianism, was born at Coppull, near Wigan, Lancashire, in May 1644. His parents were well off, and after receiving some education, he appears to have been employed as steward to his elder brother, John Haydock. About 1666 John Haydock became a quaker, and his first convert was his brother Roger, who was ‘convinced’ in 1666 (, Hist. ed. 1834, ii. 164) or in 1667 (, Christian Writings). A few weeks later he was arrested at a meeting at Bury, Lancashire. On refusing to give bond for good behaviour, he was committed to Lancaster gaol for some days, but released without fine or payment of fees. He was again apprehended in January 1668–9 for being at three meetings at Bury, and was fined 15l. by the Manchester quarter sessions. In 1670 his father died, and about this time he appears to have been recognised as a quaker preacher. He laboured at first in the north of England. Early in 1674 he was fined 20l. for preaching at Freckleton-in-the-Fields, Lancashire. A few weeks later he was prosecuted in the ecclesiastical court at Chester for tithes of about 30s. value, and ‘something for smoke-penny,’ and in May was committed to Lancaster gaol for not appearing before the court. In November he was released, pending an appeal, on the ground that he was only his brother's servant, and therefore not liable. In August he was fined 20l. for ‘being’ (? speaking) at a meeting at Bolton, Lancashire. At the instance of Ralph Brideoake [q. v.], bishop of Chichester and rector of Standish, near Wigan, Lancashire, he was again prosecuted for non-payment of fines, and he was imprisoned at intervals until Brideoake's death, 5 Oct. 1678. He was closely confined for a time, but on the intercession of friends in 1676 was allowed more liberty. In January 1676–7 he was permitted to hold a dispute at Arley Hall, Cheshire, with John Cheyney [q. v.] In 1680 he visited Ireland, and in 1681 passed some months in Holland, where he suffered eleven days' imprisonment on some unascertained charge.


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/288

 In May 1682 he married Eleanor Lowe, a quakeress, and afterwards engaged in agriculture at Warrington. He was imprisoned nine months in Lancaster gaol for attending a meeting in August 1683, and again till March 1686, when he was released ‘by the king's pardon.’ He obtained the protection of the Earl of Derby for the persecuted Friends in the Isle of Man, and afterwards visited Holland and Scotland. In 1687 he removed to Brick Hall, near Penketh, Lancashire, and for several years his life is a record of patiently borne sickness, during which he ‘suffered much for tithes.’ In March 1693 he held a dispute with John Hales, ‘a priest of Cheshire,’ and subsequently visited meetings in England and Holland. He attended the marriage of William Penn to Hannah Callowhill in 1695. On 8 May 1696 he was seized with fever, from which he died three days later. He was buried in the Friends' burial-ground at Grayston, near Penketh. Haydock is described in many ‘testimonies’ as a man of deep piety and an indefatigable worker. It is computed that he travelled more than thirty-two thousand miles and ministered at 2,609 meetings while he was a quaker preacher, and he is stated to have been ‘moderate and civil in disputes.’

His writings are: The foregoing, with a number of testimonies and epistles, were published as:
 * 1) ‘The Skirmisher Confounded; being a Collection of several passages taken forth of some books of 's [q. v.], &c.,’ 1676.
 * 2) ‘A Hypocrite unveiled, and a Blasphemer made manifest, being an examination of John Cheyney's false relation of his Dispute with the Quakers at Arley Hall in Cheshire, the 23rd of the 11th month, called January 1676, published in his book, entituled “A Warning to Souls,”’ &c., 1677.
 * 1) ‘A Collection of the Christian Writings, Labours, Travels, and Sufferings of that Faithful and approved Minister of Jesus Christ, Roger Haydock,’ London, 1700, 8vo, edited by John Field.

 HAYDOCK, THOMAS (1772–1859), printer and publisher, second son of George Haydock of the Tagg, Cottam, Lancashire, by his second wife, Anne Cottam, was born on 21 Feb. 1772. He studied for the priesthood in the English Colleges of Douay and Lisbon, and afterwards at Crook Hall, Durham; but his superiors considered that he had no true vocation for the ecclesiastical state. On leaving Crook Hall he opened a school at Manchester, which he eventually gave up in order to start in business as a printer and publisher in the same town. He brought out a large number of catholic works, some of which he himself edited and translated. Many of the productions of his press were excellent specimens of typography. The most important was the handsome edition of the Douay Bible, prepared by his brother, [q. v.] He was, however, unfortunate in business, was arrested for debt, and suffered four months' imprisonment. After his release he struggled on in business for many years at Lower Ormond Quay, Dublin, and subsequently kept a school in that city. He removed about 1840 to Liverpool and afterwards to Preston. He died at Preston on 25 Aug. 1859.

 HAYDOCK, WILLIAM (d. 1537), a monk of the Cistercian abbey of Whalley in Lancashire, was a younger son of William Haydock of Cottam Hall, near Preston, Lancashire, by Joan, daughter of William Heton of Heton. He was concerned, together with his abbot, John Pasleu, and a fellow-monk, John Eastgate, in the insurrection in the north of England of 1536, commonly known as the Pilgrimage of Grace. They were tried for this offence at the assizes at Lancaster in the following spring, and were, after conviction, sent back to Whalley for execution. The abbot and Eastgate were hanged on 10 March 1537. Haydock underwent the same penalty two days later, in a field called, according to a nearly contemporary manuscript concerning Whalley, ‘Little Imps’ or ‘The Impe yard,’ that is, a plot of ground for rearing young trees, or a nursery garden. Stow says the execution took place on 13 March ‘at Whalley in the field called Pedeamguies,’ a place doubtfully identified by Dr. Whitaker with either Padiham Green or Padiham Eases, both of which are some five miles from Whalley (not at Whalley, as Stow says). Haydock's body was not quartered and set up in divers places, as those of the abbot and Eastgate were; but, after hanging some time, it was clandestinely removed by his nephew, also William Haydock, and secreted at Cottam Hall, the seat of the family, where it was discovered when the house was pulled down in the early part of this century. [Stow's Annales, p. 573; Speed's Chronicles, p. 21; Whitaker's Hist. of Whalley, 4th ed, i. 109; Gasquet's Henry VIII and the English


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/289

 Monasteries, ii. 169; Gillow's Haydock Papers, p. 4, and Bibl. Dict. English Catholics, iii. 230–1; Coucher Book of Whalley Abbey, iv. 1176, 1210; Cott. MS. Vespas. D. xvii. f. 16.]

HAYDON. [See also .]

HAYDON, BENJAMIN ROBERT (1786–1846), historical painter, born in Wimpole Street, Plymouth, on 26 Jan. 1786, was son of a printer and publisher, who came of an old Devonshire family. His mother, Sarah Cobley, was the daughter of the Rev. B. Cobley, curate of Shillingford, and afterwards rector of Dodbrooke. Both his father and grandfather were fond of painting. When six years old Benjamin was sent to the grammar school at Plymouth under Dr. Bidlake, who encouraged him to sketch from nature; and a Neapolitan named Fenzi, employed by his father as a bookbinder, excited his imagination by describing the works of Raphael and Michel Angelo, and urged him to draw the figure. At an early age he showed great independence and determination of mind, combined with a desire for distinction. He gave dramatic entertainments to his schoolfellows in the drawing-room, and shut himself up in the attic to paint and lecture to himself. He was allowed to read the books in his father's shop, and showed a preference for the lives of ambitious men. His father, seeing the need for severer discipline, sent him in 1798 to the grammar school at Plympton, where he remained under the Rev. W. Haynes till 1801. He rose to be head boy, and acquired a fair knowledge of Latin, Greek, and French. While there he indulged his love of art by copying caricatures and adorning the hall with a spirited hunting scene drawn with burnt sticks. He also taught his schoolfellows drawing, and tried his hand at etching. After six months with an accountant at Exeter, he was bound apprentice to his father, but his ambition to be a painter was not to be conquered. An attack of inflammation of the eyes, which left a permanent dimness of sight, did not discourage him, and after three years of rebellion, during which he studied anatomy from Albinus, and insulted his father's customers, he started on 13 May 1804, with 20l. in his pocket, for ‘London, Sir Joshua, drawing, dissection, and high art.’

He determined to devote himself to study for two years before he began to paint. He took lodgings at 3 Broad Street, Carnaby Market, and next day visited the exhibition of the Royal Academy at Somerset House. Satisfied that he need fear no rival in historical painting, he straightway bought some plaster casts, and began drawing from the round. He did not deliver his cards of introduction, but remained for several months before he knew any one in London except Prince Hoare, who introduced him to Fuseli and Northcote. From these as well as from Opie and Smirke he sought advice, but he determined to do without a master, and went on attending the Academy schools and Charles Bell's lectures on anatomy, working sometimes twelve or fourteen hours a day till more than the two years were over. He attained a certain predominance among the students of the Academy, and made friends with Wilkie and Jackson.

On 1 Oct. 1806 he began his first picture, ‘Joseph and Mary resting on the Road to Egypt.’ This was one of the least ambitious in a list of thirty-eight subjects which he had drawn up before or very shortly after he came to London. He chose a canvas six feet by four, and finished the picture in six months. During its progress Sir George and Lady Beaumont called upon him, and he was introduced to Lord Mulgrave, who gave him a commission for a picture of ‘Dentatus.’ The ‘Joseph and Mary’ was hung on the line at the Academy, and bought by Thomas Hope of Deepdene for a hundred guineas. Success also attended him at Plymouth, where he went to see his father, who was ill, and to paint portraits, for practice as a preparation for ‘Dentatus,’ at fifteen guineas apiece. Before he returned to town his mother died. He found it difficult to realise his heroic ideal of ‘Dentatus’ until Wilkie took him to see the Elgin marbles, then recently arrived at Lord Elgin's house in Park Lane. There seems to be no doubt that he was the first to see their extraordinary merit, and on returning home he ‘dashed out the abominable mass’ of his ‘Dentatus,’ and ‘breathed as if relieved from a nuisance.’ He obtained permission to draw from the marbles, and for three months worked at them ten, fourteen, and sometimes fifteen hours at a time. ‘Dentatus’ was painted in and out many times before it was completed in March 1809. During its progress his painting-room was crowded with admirers, among whom was Charles (afterwards Sir Charles) Eastlake [q. v.], his first pupil, and he was introduced by Lord Mulgrave into the most distinguished society, where he was flattered and hailed as the reviver of art.

The picture was hung in the octagon room at the Academy, an act which was regarded by Haydon as an insult. Lord Mulgrave, to console him, sent him a cheque for fifty or sixty guineas, in addition to its price of one hundred, but his fair-weather friends deserted


text:
Page:Ruffhead - The Statutes at Large - vol 2.djvu/39

 THE STATUTES at Large, &c.

"EDWARD by the Grace of God King of England and of France, and Lord of Ireland, the Fourth after the Conquest, to the Honour of God and of holy Church, to nourish Peace, Unity, and Concord within his Realm of England (which he much desireth) wholly, by the Advice and Assent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal of the same Realm, and at the special Request of the Commons of his said Realm assembled, at his First Parliament holden at Westminster upon the Fourth Day of November, in the First Year of his Reign, by Authority of the same Parliament, hath ordained and established certain Statutes, Declarations, and Ordinances, in Manner and Form following."


text:
Page:Ruffhead - The Statutes at Large - vol 2.djvu/40

2

Ex Rot. in Turr. Lond. et effect come touchantz tiel creation enfignition ou erection ficome mefmes ks lettres patentes feuffent faitz ou grauntez au afcun deux par afcun Roi loyalment reignant en ceft Roialme et par juft title op- •fceign-aurrt -la -corone del mefme et qils iffint creez enfeignez ou erectez aient novelx grauntes du Roi de leur annuitez pur la fuftentation de lour eftates come il ad efte dauncien temps accuftume forprifez. les perfones et chefcun deux quelles noftre dit Seignur le Roi repute et tient pur fez rebelles ou enemiez. Libettlesgranted Et outre ceo les emportablez charges et coftes queux les cities burghs villes-les v. portes de ceft Roialme to Counties or et ] a v j]] e r] e Caleis ove les marches illeoqes ount fuftenuz et la graunde povertee entre les gentz diceux con- theu'k" "? by ^ erez P ur ea fe et re l e '~ e des mefmes ad ■ ordeigne graunte eftablie etenaite par aflentet auctorite fuifditz qe Names, r toutz mar.ers liberteez privileges franchifes poiars jurifdictions profitz immunitees corporations munitions en- largementes annexions unions feverauncez a counteez et feifauntez counteez par foy mefmez et toutz maners graemteslefez licencez pardons drfcharges exemptions relefes feires etmerchees niem revoqu'ez repellez ouad- nulldz.par.audlorfte de parlement ou autrement par procefie de ley grauntez es jours del Henry le quart Henry 1e quint ou Henry le fifme naSgo-rrs en-fatt et nient-de droit RoiesdEngleterre al afcun mair-e bailiff ou bail- lifs vifcount ou vifcourrtes maier et vifcount vifcount et baillifs maire et baillifs comminalte citezeins maire et comminalte maire comminalte et citezeins maire et citezeins maire et aldermen et lour fucceflburs maire et citezeins lour heires Sc fucceflburs maire & comminalte lour heires & fucceflburs citezeins & lour heires ci- tezeins lour heires Sc fucceflburs baillifs & citezeins lour heires & fucceflburs maire Sc aldermen maire alder- men & burgeifez maire Sc burgeifes maire aldermen & vifcount ou vifcountz maire burgeifez Sc lour fuccef- fours maire burgeifez lour heires & fucceflburs maire vifcountes & burgeifez maire baillifs Sc comminalte al- derman & comminalte alderman baillifs Sc comminalte aldermen & baillife lour heires Sc fucceflburs baillifs— Sc comminalte baillifs Sc burgeifes citezeins burgeifes & comminalte maire baillifs Sc burgeifes lour heires Sc fucceflburs proudes homes lour heires & fucceflburs portreves baillifs & communez fenefchalles burgeifez Sc proudes homes portreves barons & homes maire barons Sc comminalte maire & barons barons & comminalte barons jurates barons & jurates homes enhabitauntz maire conftablez & companie des marchauntz del flaple au Cakis eta chefcun deux et a lour heires et fucceflburs de chefcun de ceux et a lez maiftrez frerez et foe'rs des gildes et fraterniteeztmaiftrezet comminalte lour heires et fucceflburs et _gardeins et maiftrez dez artez gardeins de lacornminalte delmeftier des mercers -de la Citede Londrez ou au afcun deux avaunt nomez et a les fucceflburs de chefcun de ceux aiantz corporation par qeconqe noune ou nounez ceux ou afcun deux .foient ou foit appellez ou nomez en afcun de les ditz grauntez eftoifent en femblable force et vertue ficome les feuffent grauntez par Roi ou Rois loialmen-t reignant ou reignantz en cell Roialme et en femblable fburme davoir confirmations en la Chauncerie de les ditz Jibertees privileges fraunchifes corporations et autres les ■premiffez ficome ils avoient des grauntes faitz es jours Edward le tierce et Richard le feconde nadgairs loialx Roies dEngleterre. licences or Par- Et enoutre ad ordeigne eftablie et enacte par ladvis afl'ent et auctorite fuifditz qe toutz maners licences do- dons ot Aliena- nez ; et g ra. un tez par afcun de lez ditz nadgairs pretenfes Roies al afcune perfone ou perfones a doner graunter into Lands dc- ' ai i e ner purchafer ou refceivoir afcunz terres tenementez rentes pofleflions ou autres enheritementz tenuz daf- fended after an cun de lez ditz nadgairs .pretenfez Roies en afcun manere ou dentrer en afcuns terres ou tenementes rentes Anceftor's. pofleflions ou outres enheritementes apres la mort dafcun de lour aunceftres faunz duelivere fuez ent par due Death. proces folonc le cours de la commune ley de ceft Roialme ou pardons faitz par afcun de les ditz nadgairs pre- tenfez Rois al afcune perfone ou perfones pur afcuns alienations faitz dez afcuns terres tenementez rentes pofleflions ou autres enheritementez tenuz dafcun de lez ditz nagairs pretenfez Roies ou pardon ou pardons faitz par afcun deux au afcun perfone ou perfones par afcun entre ou entrez faitz en afcuns terres tenementez rentes poffefiions ou autres enheritementez qeux defcenderent reverterent remainerent ou en afcun autre ma- nere deviendrent a ceux ou afcun deux apres ou par mort dafcun de lour aunceftrez ou afcun autre perfone ou Licences to perfones faunz due livere ent fuez folonc le cours de la Chauncerie et leie et cuftume de ceft terre ou licence found any Spi- fait par afcun de lez ditz nadgairs pretenfez Roies au afcune perfone ou perfones de founder erecter ou efta- Hufe " " ^lier afcun abbathie priorie meafon de religion college chaunterie hofpitall ou autre meafon ou lieu efpirituell Fraternity, any ou dalmoigne ou licence fait par afcun de lez ditz nadgairs pretenfes Rois al afcune perfone ou perfones de Guild, &c. founder ou erecter afcune fraternite glide compaignie ou felelheppe ou autre corps corporat ou a doner et or to give any graunter afcuns terres tenementes rentes pofleflions ou autres enheritementez au afcun perfone ou perfones • Lands to them, corporez ou aiantez fucceflion perpetuall ou licence fait par afcun de lez ditz nadgairs pretenfes Rois au af- cwny dyceux avauntditz pur lacceptation et receiptment dafcune chofe par afcun tiel doon ou graunte ou li- cence fait par afcun de lez ditz nadgairs pretenfes Rois al afcune perfone ou perfones a tener ou reteigner af- cun advoufon ou efglife en propre oeps par voie de licence dappropriation ou de faire afcuns elections iffint Licences of _4p- qe afcun tiel advoufon napperteigne mie a la corone ou pardon ou pardons faitz par afcun de les ditz nadgairs - prupriation, cr Rois al afcun corps ou perfones corporez ou aiantz fucceflion perpetuell pur purchafe perquifition ou receiDte- io snake Elec- ment dafcun de les premiffez ou liverez ou reftitutions des temporaltees faitz par afcun de lez ditz nadgairs pre- pTclo t C r ten - es ^°' s a ^ a fcun ArchevefqeEvefqe AbbePriourDean Chapitre ou autre perfone ou perfones efpiritueJx foi- porations. * ent et ^"°' t dautiel force vertije et effect ficome les ditz licences pardons et liverez feufl'ent grauntz par afcun Roi i Liveries or Re. en ceft Roialme loialment reignant et par jufte title la corone dicell opteignaunt parenfi qe les mefmes licencez ftitutionsof reftitutions et liverez furent execute?, en temps dafcun de les ditz nadgairs pretenfes Rois et fl afcune tiel Tcmporalties. licence grauntez en temps del pretenfe reigne dafcun de les ditz nadgaires pretenfes Rois de fait et nient de droit feuft execute deins ycell temps en part et nient en tout qe mefmes les licences quaunt.a cell part iffint execute foient dautiel force vertue et effect ficome les ditz licences feufl'ent grauntez par afcun Roi loialment! Founding of re- en ceft Roialme reignaunt etpar jufr. title la corone dicell opteignaunt. Et fi afcun de les ditz nagairs pre- ligiousHoufes, tenfes Rois en fait et nient de droit ad par leurs lettres patentz ou auctorite de leurs parlementz foundu ou touching the eftablie afcun Abbathie priorie meafon de religion college chaunterie hofpitall ou autre meafon ou lieu efpi- Sites ot the rituell ou dalmoigne qe toutz tielx fundations quaunt alez corporations etlez fites diceux foient dautiel force vertue et efFeete ficome tielx fundations feufl'ent faitz par afcun Roi loialment en ceft Roialme reignaunt et par. -->


text:
Page:Dictionary of National Biography volume 25.djvu/290

H his painting-room, and though he tried to divert his mind from his disappointment by vigorous reading, his health gave way, and he went home for five weeks. Wilkie went with him, and they paid a visit to Sir George Beaumont at Coleorton, where Sir George gave him a commission for a picture of ‘Macbeth.’

Commenced in 1809, ‘Macbeth’ was not finished till 1 Jan. 1812, and during a great part of this time Haydon lived entirely upon credit, his father's supplies having failed altogether before the end of 1810. He had scarcely begun the picture before he had a dispute with Sir George about the size. Sir George agreed to take the picture if he liked it when it was finished, and if not, to give him a commission for a smaller one. Sir George did not like it when it was finished, and Haydon refused the smaller commission, and also the cheque for a hundred guineas which he was offered as compensation. Sir George, whose kindness and patience in the matter were extraordinary, ultimately bought the picture for two hundred guineas. During these years Haydon's name was up for election at the Royal Academy, but he did not receive a vote, and even C. R. Leslie [q. v.], who generally takes the part of the Academy against Haydon, allows that the election of George Dawe [q. v.] in 1809, in preference to the painter of ‘Dentatus’ was disgraceful. In 1810 this ‘Dentatus’ gained the premium of a hundred guineas offered by the directors of the British Gallery for the best historical picture, although the prize was competed for by Howard the academician, but this triumph brought Haydon little pecuniary relief, and embittered his relations with the Academy. He sent a picture of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ to the Academy this year, but withdrew it on hearing it was to be hung in the octagon room. Altogether the years devoted to painting ‘Macbeth’ were almost devoid of encouragement, but Haydon's strength of will never allowed him to swerve from his purpose. ‘Nothing,’ he writes, ‘could exceed my enthusiasm, my devotion, my fury of work—solitary, high-minded, trusting in God, glorying in my country's honour.’

All his life Haydon kept a journal, evidently intended to be published, or at least to form the basis of an autobiography which he commenced, but did not live to complete. In it he entered every event of importance, chronicling day by day his thoughts and feelings, and the progress of his pictures, illustrated by vigorous sketches. It is contained in twenty-six volumes, ‘bulky, parchment-bound, ledger-like folios,’ and is one of the most tragical records extant. Heavily in debt, having quarrelled with the Academy and alienated his most powerful friends, Haydon ill-advisedly published three letters in the ‘Examiner’ (26 Jan. and 2 and 9 Feb. 1812), on the eve of the appearance of his ‘Macbeth.’ In them he ridiculed Payne Knight for his opinions upon Barry and high art, and attacked the Academy with much violence. The letters, written with great vigour, contained too much truth to pass without a storm; they increased the animosity of the Academy, and alienated the directors of the British Gallery, of whom Payne Knight was one of the most influential. ‘Macbeth’ was sent to the Gallery to compete for the prize of three hundred guineas. The directors would not give it to Haydon, and there was none else who deserved it if he did not. They determined not to give any prizes, but with the money purchased a picture by Henry J. Richter of ‘Christ Healing the Blind.’ Haydon returned indignantly 30l. sent by the directors to pay for his frame, which had cost 60l. He was probably right in regarding the action of the directors as a breach of faith.

He had already begun a fresh picture, ‘The Judgment of Solomon,’ on a canvas 12 feet 10 inches by 10 feet 10 inches, which was not finished till 1814, by which time he was 1,100l. in debt. He got credit from his tradespeople, and borrowed from his friends Wilkie, Hilton, the Hunts (Leigh and John), Benjamin West, and others. But nothing damped his ardour, which he describes as ‘enthusiasm stimulated by despair almost to delirium.’ Once he painted for fifteen hours at a stretch, lived for a fortnight on potatoes, and when he received the news of his father's death he went on painting. His health broke down just as he completed the picture, which was sent to the exhibition of the Water-colour Society in Spring Gardens, and created a sensation. The directors of the British Gallery wanted to buy it, but it was already sold to Sir William Elford and Mr. Tingecombe, bankers of Plymouth, for six hundred guineas. Lord Mulgrave and Sir George Beaumont were warm in congratulations. Academicians praised it, and again his table was covered with cards of the nobility and distinguished persons. The money did not pay half his debts, but it restored his credit, and having ordered another enormous canvas, he rubbed in his ‘Christ's Entry into Jerusalem,’ and went over with Wilkie to Paris, then in the occupation of the allied armies. Haydon enjoyed and studied the masterpieces collected in the Louvre, and the soldiers of all nations crowding the streets. In his absence the British Institution had voted him a hundred guineas for his ‘Solomon,’ and the freedom


text:
Page:Ruffhead - The Statutes at Large - vol 2.djvu/41

A.D. 1461


text:
Page:Ruffhead - The Statutes at Large - vol 2.djvu/42

4 Non-english


text:
Page:Ruffhead - The Statutes at Large - vol 2.djvu/43

A. D. 1461.

LSO whereas many of the Kjng's faithful liege People, as well Spiritual as Temporal, by the inordinate and infinite Indictments and Presentments as well of Felony, Trespasses-, and Offences, as of other Things, which of long Time have been