text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/308

276 "Pacha! the day is thine; and on thy crest

Sits Triumph—Conrad taken—fall'n the rest!

His doom is fixed—he dies; and well his fate

Was earned—yet much too worthless for thy hate:

Methinks, a short release, for ransom told

With all his treasure, not unwisely sold;

Report speaks largely of his pirate-hoard—

Would that of this my Pacha were the lord!

While baffled, weakened by this fatal fray—

Watched—followed—he were then an easier prey;

But once cut off—the remnant of his band

Embark their wealth, and seek a safer strand."

"Gulnare!—if for each drop of blood a gem

Were offered rich as Stamboul's diadem;

If for each hair of his a massy mine

Of virgin ore should supplicating shine;

If all our Arab tales divulge or dream

Of wealth were here—that gold should not redeem!

It had not now redeemed a single hour,

But that I know him fettered, in my power;

And, thirsting for revenge, I ponder still

On pangs that longest rack—and latest kill."

"Nay, Seyd! I seek not to restrain thy rage,

Too justly moved for Mercy to assuage;

My thoughts were only to secure for thee

His riches—thus released, he were not free:

Disabled—shorn of half his might and band,

His capture could but wait thy first command."


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, William (d.1600)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/309

CANTO III.] "His capture could!—and shall I then resign

One day to him—the wretch already mine?

Release my foe!—at whose remonstrance?—thine!

Fair suitor!—to thy virtuous gratitude,

That thus repays this Giaour's relenting mood,

Which thee and thine alone of all could spare—

No doubt, regardless—if the prize were fair—

My thanks and praise alike are due—now hear!

I have a counsel for thy gentler ear:

I do mistrust thee, Woman! and each word

Of thine stamps truth on all Suspicion heard.

Borne in his arms through fire from yon Serai—

Say, wert thou lingering there with him to fly?

Thou need'st not answer—thy confession speaks,

Already reddening on thy guilty cheeks:

Then—lovely Dame—bethink thee! and beware:

'Tis not his life alone may claim such care!

Another word and—nay—I need no more.

Accurséd was the moment when he bore

Thee from the flames, which better far—but no—

I then had mourned thee with a lover's woe—

Now 'tis thy lord that warns—deceitful thing!

Know'st thou that I can clip thy wanton wing?

In words alone I am not wont to chafe:

Look to thyself—nor deem thy falsehood safe!"

He rose—and slowly, sternly thence withdrew,

Rage in his eye, and threats in his adieu:

Ah! little recked that Chief of womanhood—

Which frowns ne'er quelled, nor menaces subdued,

And little deemed he what thy heart, Gulnare!

When soft could feel—and when incensed could dare!


text:
User:Dskubnick

I am looking for the criminal record for Michael Bottea Iron River Michigan!!!

title: User:Dskubnick


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Europe, Peoples of

EUROPE,. All Europeans belong to the White or Caucasian and the Yellow or Mongoloid varieties of man. Throughout historic time Europe has been a meeting-ground of races, differing from each other in complexion, stature, physical features, temperament, language, occupation, social organization, government, opinion, and religion. In studying the ethnology of this portion of the Eastern Hemisphere it is imperative to hold these several categories apart in the

mind, especially those of race or blood kinship, the result of cross-breeding; speech or linguistic affinities, the result of acculturation; arts, the result of commerce or contact; and social life or nationality, the result of conquest. It is true that these concepts are related, and each is of value in the whole account of any people. When, however, one attempts to argue that people who speak the same language or practice the same arts are necessarily akin, confusion is certain to arise.

Beginning with the first account of ancient man in Europe, paleo-ethnology may be divided into three parts: (1) Tertiary man, or the origin of humanity; (2) Quaternary man, or the development of humanity; (3) present types of man. It is to he distinctly understood that this classification is intended only as a guide to study. New discoveries are constantly demanding new adjustments with reference to the earliest races of men in Europe.

The existence of Tertiary man is yet in doubt, for our sole information concerning him rests upon the finding of extremely rude stone implements in geological layers which are thought to be Tertiary. These supposed primitive implements may be, however, only the refuse of later manufactures of more delicate objects. Such is the case in America, where, at first, materials of this character were regarded as showing the existence of man on this continent many thousands of years ago. They are now known to be the quarry refuse of historic tribes.

Still keeping in mind geological epochs, European archæologists divide human culture into Prehistoric, Protohistoric, and Historic. Again, it is thought possible to separate the life of man in Europe into ages according to the materials which characterize the several periods, as the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. It must he remembered at this point, however, that the word “age” does not refer to definite chronological dates, but that in the progress of human development man lived first in the stone grade, next in the bronze grade, and lastly in the iron grade of culture.

Leaving out of view, then, the question as to the existence of man in the Tertiary period, substantial exploration begins with the Quaternary epoch. In his investigations there the inquirer is everywhere confronted by problems concerning cosmic changes in climate, the plants and animals which were contemporaneous with man during these changes, the species or varieties of man based on the human crania actually discovered, as well as on the progress in arts, especially those in stone. Notwithstanding the speculative character of much that is affirmed about Quaternary man in Europe, an examination of the accumulated evidences leaves the impression of a long perspective of history, in which the life of the species, at first almost as naturistic as that of the beasts, was gradually transformed by human ingenuity into' the higher culture, the life wherein nearly every conscious action is performed artificially. On the assumption that the forward movement of this artificial life is an unquestionable fact, the relics of human industry discovered in the caves and other archæological stations throughout all the countries of Europe may be mapped out in a series. Attempts have been made to mark epochs in this progress, and names have been given to them from locations where typical

specimens of that particular grade of art were to be found, beginning with the Chellean, and ending with the Tourassian for the Paleolithic period.

As for man himself, out of less than fifty skulls to which the title Quaternary has been applied, not more than a dozen can be vouched for as beyond question. All of them are long-headed or dolichocephalic in form. That is, the ratio of the length to the width of the skull is less than 80-82. With our present knowledge it is possible to divide the oldest crania into the following types: the Neanderthal or spy man, referable to the ../Mousterian Epoch/ (q.v.); and the Laugerie Basse and Chancelade (Dordogne) type, to be referred to the Magdalenian Epoch. (See .) The Neanderthal-spy type had the cephalic or length-width index of the skull, 70-75.3, together with a low, retreating forehead, prominent brow-ridges, and probably low stature, about 1.59 m., or 62½ inches. This race did not fully disappear from Europe in early times. Neanderthaloid skulls have been

found in the later prehistoric and historic graves and dolmens, and individuals of the same type exist in Europe and America at the present time. The Laugerie-Chancelade type was also long-headed like the other, but the forehead was higher and the skull more capacious. The projecting brow-ridges were absent, the orbits were higher, the face with its prominent cheek bones was elevated and broad, but the stature was low. After these two types, short of stature, came the so-called Cro-Magnon race, who were extremely long headed, the ratio of the head length to the width being from 63 to 75; the face and the orbits were low, but the stature was lofty, approaching 68 inches.

After these vague epochs came the Neolithic or Polished Stone Period, followed by the Bronze or Tsiganian Period, and this by the Age of Iron. These changes did not come by sudden breaking down of the stone and bronze ages, but by transitional steps with a separate history in each of the countries of Europe. For instance, the

Stone Period was not developed simultaneously over the Continent. Scandinavia, in its northern parts, was covered with glaciers, and only in the refuse-piles in Denmark are polished stone hatchets found contemporaneously with Neolithic tools of the rest of Europe. There were even, until quite recently, tribes in Russia who were still in this grade of progress.

These ancient Neolithic peoples were sedentary and industrial. Their fund was not obtained wholly by natural processes, hut artificialism in the cultivation of the soil and the domestication nf animals progressed. Their homes were no longer movable tents, but substantial buildings. They constructed the pile dwellings of Switzerland, France, Italy, and perhaps of Ireland. They buried their dead under dolmens, and it was they who set up huge megalithic monuments in England, Brittany, and Spain.

The Neolithic peoples of the British Isles, as well as of other parts of western Europe, were quite long-headed, the ratio of the length to the

width of the skull being as low as 65-75. These earliest of European industrial peoples had also long faces like some existing populations of Europe. It must be carefully noted at this point that in Sweden, France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Spain, and Portugal crania of short-headed peoples are found mixed with dolichocephalic skulls. This tells an important story, for it clearly shows that with progress race-mixture had begun to take place, the borrowing of blood being associated with the community of arts. Another fact worthy of notice is that the erection of huge stone and earth monuments, called barrows by ethnologists, indicates the consolidation of society, implying an increasing number of persons who could be brought together in the same enterprise, and the consequent raising of an artificial food-supply so that these masses might coöperate for longer periods of time.

The so-called Ages of Metal in Europe, that is, of Copper, Bronze, and Iron, comprise the remaining epochs in the popular scheme of European archæology. In America the earliest implements in copper were cold-hammered and ground into shape, the material being treated technically precisely as if it were stone. It is not surprising, therefore, to find the same condition of things in Europe. The parallelism is almost perfect in every respect. Copper tools and weapons do not mark a separate epoch, meaning that the stone implements ceased to be used at once, nor must it be inferred that there was a Copper Age as distinguished from a Bronze Age, for copper tools and weapons are found associated with bronze relics. And here arises one of the most interesting inquiries of all, how far the exquisite products in bronze, found all over Europe, are results of indigenous development, and how far they indicate commerce or instruction from without. There is no doubt that both of these factors coöperated, the result of which was the art as it existed in each region.

It is a well-known law of progress that suggestion is one of the strongest incentives to the use of materials and processes. There existed in central and western Europe a Bronze Age, which in some characteristics of its products resembles the Orient and in others is entirely original. The art of bronze smelting and working could not arise originally and develop completely and independently in any land; and secondly, such an art could not be imposed bodily upon a people who were not far enough advanced to add to it many thoughts and technical processes of their own. Progress and complexity in artificial activities are produced by the mutual influence of races and peoples. In proof of this, the Bronze Age witnessed the coming of a great variety of physical types. In England the people became more brachycephalic, the ratio of head-length to head-width being 81. In Sweden and Denmark long-headed people, tall and fair-haired, coëxisted with those of much larger index. In the Valley of the Rhine, as well as in southern Germany and Switzerland, the dolichocephaly was more pronounced. Knowledge of the use of fire among the peoples of the Bronze Age was contemporaneous also with the cremation of the dead.

The earliest relics of the Iron Age are found in the hamlet of Hallstatt, in Upper Austria, in thousands of graves, revealing implements of industry, weapons, and personal ornaments, but no pottery. At first it seemed to have

had no affiliation with any other national art, but later researches put the earliest Iron Age as a medium between the more advanced art of southern Europe and the West. Iron gradually replaced bronze, which had then passed into its æsthetic stage, and revealed the existence of Oriental influence in Europe. The long heads also became mingled with short, heads, and in the La Tene, also called Marnean, epoch, skulls vary almost as much as at the present day.

The types of races mentioned extend far beyond the boundaries of Europe into Asia and Africa. The lines between the continents are entirely artificial.

Ripley finds three separate biological races of men in Europe:

Inquiry into the causes of difference in stature, head-form, and color, leads to the profoundest of biological studies. To say that inheritance and variation is sufficient to account for them is to explain nothing. Even stature is not always a matter of nutrition. Much controversy has arisen over the origin of blondness in northern Europe. No doubt, albinism is more pronounced in Europe. Its marked appearance elsewhere is among the kindred peoples in northern Africa and southeastern Asia. The popular notion that exposure to the action of the sun's rays is the cause of brunetteness is altogether at fault. No single known cause produces either albinism or brunetteness. It is quite probable that long ago the subspecies to which Europeans belong were yellow or Mongoloid in color, and that by the coöperation of environment and obscure physiological processes these characteristics became fixed and persistent through heredity.

Having fixed these three biological types in mind, the difficulty is in finding their representatives in modern Europe. Race is a matter of blood kinship, requiring isolation under favorable conditions for bringing about new characteristics that become distinguishing and hereditary. These combined marks define race, and are not to be confounded with the term ‘people.’

A people is a collection of human beings living together under a definite nationality and occupying a specific region. It is an expansible term, applying, it may be, to a small community, as the people of a certain valley or plain, but can also include all who are under the sway of a great nationality. In Europe there are the people of

France, Belgium, Scandinavia, and Germany; of Italy, Spain, and Portugal; of Switzerland, Tyrol, and the Netherlands; of the British Isles, Russia, Turkey, and Greece; and each one of these peoples becomes a problem to be solved with reference to race. No people are of one race, no race is confined to a single people. The entire population of Europe is 360,000,000, and besides the three races already mentioned, which include nearly all of this number, there are a few straggling peoples belonging to other races, such as the Basques, Lapps, Magyars, Semites, and Gypsies.

In the classification just described the races are only ideal types; but one of the latest authors on this subject. Deniker, publishes a scheme of the races of men more after the manner of the naturalists. Passing by the assumption that there may have been formerly a certain small number of typical races out of which all the peoples of Europe have grown, he takes the total population as he would a number of animals, and divides them up on biological characteristics as he finds them, without inquiring into their causes. The nations and peoples now existing in Europe have arisen from mixture in varying proportions of ancient varieties of our species. By abstracting from these millions of individuals certain ones having groups of definite characteristics relating to stature, the form of the head, pigmentation, and other somatic data, Deniker determines the status of each race, giving rise to six principal and four secondary races, leaving out Lapps, Ugrians, Mongolians, and others belonging to Asia.

Sergi pushes the study of classifying Europeans still further into the domain of natural history. In his work on the Mediterranean Race, he emphasizes the obligations which modern Europe owes to ancient peoples, like the Hamites of Egypt and northern Africa, the Semites of southwestern Asia, the early Greeks, Italians, and Iberians, for the foundation of their culture.

Laying aside the biological divisions of European peoples or countries, the concept of speech may be invoked to show what languages they use. At the outset it is affirmed that no people belong to one language, no language is confined to one people. The following general scheme shows the relationship between nationality and languages in Europe:

. Sources of information on the ethnology of Europe are abundant. Ripley compiled, as a supplement to his Races of Europe, a bibliography of two thousand titles arranged by

authors and by topics. The official publications of anthropological societies pay great attention to literature on all branches of this subject. The principal serials are the American Anthropologist (Washington); Annales de Démographie (Paris); Anthropologie (Paris); Archiv für Anthropologie (Brunswick); Archivio per l'Antropologia (Florence); Beiträge zur Anthropologie und Urgeschichte Bayerns (Munich); Bulletins de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris (Paris); Centralblatt für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte (Munich); Correspondenz-Blatt der deutschen Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte (Brunswick); Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (London); Mémoires de la Société d'Anthropologie de Paris (Paris); Memoirs Read Before the Anthropological Society of London (London); Mittheilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien (Vienna); Petermanns Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes geographischer Anstalt (Gotha); Revue d'Anthropologie (Paris); Revue Mensuelle de L'Ecole d'Anthropologie de Paris (Paris); Revue d'Ethnographie (Paris); Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, its organ being the Zeitschrift für Ethnologie (Berlin).

At the close of the nineteenth century appeared the following comprehensive works, more or less devoted to European ethnology: Keane, Ethnology (Cambridge, 1896); id., Man, Past and Present (Cambridge, 1899); Ripley, The Races of Europe (New York, 1899); Deniker, The Races of Man (London, 1900); Macnamara, Origin and Character of the British People (London, 1900); Mortillet, G. and A., La préhistorique origine et antiquité de l'homme (Paris, 1900); Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race (London, 1901).


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, William (d.1653)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, William (1626-1662)


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/310

278 His doubts appeared to wrong—nor yet she knew

How deep the root from whence Compassion grew—

She was a slave—from such may captives claim

A fellow-feeling, differing but in name;

Still half unconscious—heedless of his wrath,

Again she ventured on the dangerous path,

Again his rage repelled—until arose

That strife of thought, the source of Woman's woes!

VI.

Meanwhile—long—anxious—weary—still the same

Rolled day and night: his soul could Terror tame—

This fearful interval of doubt and dread,

When every hour might doom him worse than dead;

When every step that echoed by the gate,

Might entering lead where axe and stake await;

When every voice that grated on his ear

Might be the last that he could ever hear;

Could Terror tame—that Spirit stern and high

Had proved unwilling as unfit to die;

'Twas worn—perhaps decayed—yet silent bore

That conflict, deadlier far than all before:

The heat of fight, the hurry of the gale,

Leave scarce one thought inert enough to quail:

But bound and fixed in fettered solitude,

To pine, the prey of every changing mood;

To gaze on thine own heart—and meditate

Irrevocable faults, and coming fate—

Too late the last to shun—the first to mend—

To count the hours that struggle to thine end,

With not a friend to animate and tell

To other ears that Death became thee well;


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Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/37

Rh guide me up the pitch-dark stairs. Such was Blank Court in the winter of 1869. Truly, a wild, lawless, desolate little kingdom to come to rule over.

On what principles was I to rule these people? On the same that I had already tried, and tried with success, in other places, and which I may sum up as the two following: firstly, to demand a strict fulfillment of their duties to me,—one of the chief of which would be the punctual payment of rent; and secondly, to endeavor to be so unfailingly just and patient, that they should learn to trust the rule that was over them.

With regard to details, I would make a few improvements at once—such, for example, as the laying on of water and repairing of dustbins, but, for the most part, improvements should be made only by degrees, as the people became more capable of valuing and not abusing them. I would have the rooms distempered, and thoroughly cleansed, as they became vacant, and then they should be offered to the more cleanly of the tenants. I would have such repairs as were not immediately needed, used as a means of giving work to the men in times of distress. I would draft the occupants of the underground kitchens into the upstair rooms, and would ultimately convert the kitchens into bath-rooms and wash-houses. I would have the landlady's portion of the house—i. e. the stairs and passages—at once repaired and distempered, and they should be regularly scrubbed, and, as far as possible, made models of cleanliness, for I knew, from former experience, that the example of this would, in time, silently spread itself to the rooms themselves, and that payment for this work would give me some hold over the elder girls. I would collect savings personally, not trust to their being taken to distant banks or saving clubs. And finally, I knew that I should learn to feel these people as my friends, and so should instinctively feel the same respect for their privacy and their independence, and should treat them with the same couresycourtesy [sic] that I should show towards any other personal friends.

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/37


text:
User talk:AdamBMorgan/Archive 5

SHSP New Format
Adam, I swear that I do not like asking you nor anyone for help on anything. It's annoying to some people to have others constantly asking questions, or for help, and I try not to bother people in that way. Still, there are times when I have to ask. These 52 volumes are a lot of work, as you well know since you are doing all of the hard things. I have now come to a section where there is new formatting--to a small degree--and I do need help with it.

Please look at and format it. I will use what you do for the rest of the volumes. I thank you for the amazing things I have learned from you and for your help with these 52 volumes. I never would have known how to set up all of this. When I was in school we used a slide rule unlike the modern technology and "coding" we use today. The center of the image shows three names. The top two are what I do not know how to seperate properly, one to the near left and one to the near right and on the same line. Personally I would place all three on the same line but it would not look like the original volumes. Respectfully, — William Maury Morris II  Talk 01:37, 2 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Don't worry, it isn't a problem. As for formatting the names, I used a table.  You can use either HTML tables or Wikimedia's own coding to create tables (Wikipedia:Help:Table) but I know that is the least popular element of Wikimedia's coding.  There are admins on Wikipedia, where tables are mostly just used for lists, who back away from them.  However, it is useful on Wikisource for formatting like this.
 * To explain this case: there are two rows with three cells in the top row (including a forced gap in the middle), while there is just a single cell in the bottom row that has been made to span all three cells. The   formats the table style; "mc" centres the table, "ac" centres the text inside the table. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 13:28, 2 October 2011 (UTC)

Wikisource:Periodicals
Looking over the WS:Periodicals page for direction (and getting some), I have an added question: Using Lippincott's Monthly Magazine as an example,—which is not yet hosted here—about five dozen of Mrs. Coates' poems were published in that periodical (all of which I have volume no. info. for), but I have only been able (online) to pin down the issue numbers for about a dozen of them so far. When red-linking, do you suggest I use the format: Periodical Title/Volume/MMYYYY/poem title or use no red-linking at all until I am able to identify the issue numbers—when I would be able to link as: Title/Volume/No./MMYYYY(?)/poem title ? Another nit-picky question, sorry! Londonjackbooks (talk) 20:44, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Not to mention taking into account periodical title changes which occurred over the years...? Londonjackbooks (talk) 20:58, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

 * We have lots of entries along the lines of The Times/1914/Arts/For the Fallen; which is an artificial structure unique to Wikisource. So you could do something similar with Lippincott's, if only for the time being.
 * Periodicals, which is only a proposed guideline, is based on the system used by Popular Science Monthly. In that case, and the others for which I've used this system, the scans were uploaded (or enough background information was available) from which the volume, issue and/or date.  The page can be moved later if you do find the right issue.
 * I haven't encountered changing titles yet but I would use whatever title was on the magazine (starting a new page for that title separate to the previous title). I think that would make more sense to a reader.  On the other hand, I can see why maintaining the original title might be beneficial.  If it is only a change in name, some people may expect it to be in the same place as the earlier issues; especially if the name was changed back again later.  So, choose which ever you think is best. (Sorry if that wasn't very helpful). - AdamBMorgan (talk) 21:10, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
 * It was helpful, thank you... I'm getting ambitious again, and thinking of all the possibilities: over 300 (known to me) of Mrs. Coates' poems appeared in periodicals—I have about 3 dozen known (again, to me—there may be more) periodicals that she was published in—some 'major' some 'minor' mags... My ambitious thought is to create Mainspace pages for the periodicals so any redlinking won't be "wasted breath." Thanks for the info! Londonjackbooks (talk) 21:21, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
 * I did something similar with Weird Tales before I added any scans. (Only one scan so far, in fact. I planned more, and I have more issues, but scanning is a lot harder than I thought it would be when I started that page.  I really should get back to them at some point. Avon Fantasy Reader too...)  You could list all the known issues or contents in the same manner as either The Times or Littell's Living Age.  - AdamBMorgan (talk) 21:36, 3 October 2011 (UTC)
 * That's a good idea... Then as anyone comes along with a mind to work on a particular issue or volume, they'll have a head start with titling at least (or they can change it if necessary)... Thanks :) Londonjackbooks (talk) 21:41, 3 October 2011 (UTC)

SHSP volume splits
Hello again; hope this finds you and your's well...

After resolving an issue or two in the series of SHSP volumes, I see some of the DjVu files are actually bundles of 2 or 3 volumes a pop. Not clear if you were the actual uploader or not but in case you were, would you mind if I split them up into individual volumes? I understand from William Maury Morris II the volumes were indeed bound and published as separate volumes as well. -- George Orwell III (talk) 22:42, 13 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Feel free to go ahead. I was the uploader but I only noticed a few combined volumes at that time; I only realised the majority were also combined when I tried to add page numbering to the index pages.  (I didn't split the bundles I knew about because I lost my DjVu software in a computer crash a while ago—I've only recently re-downloaded DjVuLibre—and I've never actually practiced splitting files.  I didn't want to hold everything up.) - AdamBMorgan (talk) 12:45, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

Were the SHSP 'volume splits' ever done?
George or Adam, or whomever —

Were the SHSP volumes ever split? It does not *appear* to have been done but they should be split no matter who knows how and is willing to do that properly. There are 52 volumes totaled. None are combined. Thank you, — William Maury Morris II  Talk 20:59, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Replied on your talk page. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 22:25, 2 November 2011 (UTC)

Statements and a question
Statement: I want to state that I feel that it is a high honor to be allowed to work on Wikisource. I derive great pleasure in the various works and little by little learning the various codes. Therefore, I also want to thank all who have assisted me over the years. Billinghurst was the first to welcome me on Wikisource and personally as opposed to a form "Welcome" page.

Over the years many have helped me with the works here. Wikisource is a community of friendly people helping one another — oh, how the rest of the world should be so good! I was even blessed by inductive load by providing me with a colored background to prevent eye strain. I would not have been able to continue here if not for him/her. I am sure LondonJackBooks appreciates it as much as I.

Question: Adam, I want to thank you for all of your work and teaching me regarding the 52 volumes of the Southern Historical Society's "Papers" — no way could I have set up the volumes as you have. With that I need to ask this, how do I make two words on one line be as far apart as possible while leaving empty space in the center? (i.e. Word--Opposite side of page.) Kindest regards to all.-- Maury (— William Maury Morris II  Talk 19:01, 18 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Thank you too, and I agree about the Wikisource community. It's one of the main reasons why I've made my "home" on Wikisource rather any other site.

 * As to your question: I can think of two ways, depending on how far apart you want the words. There is the template gap, which will create a large space between words; the width of this space can be increased or decreased if necessary.  If, on the other hand, you literally want the words on opposite sides of the page (or screen in this case), then you could adapt the running header template.

 * For example, using the first method:

WordOpposite side of page WordOpposite side of page

 * While using the second method:

 * I think the second method is the one you want. NB: Remember to leave the middle option blank or it will add text in the center as well. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 20:21, 18 October 2011 (UTC)

"High Flight" Copyright
I noticed that you are one of the people who contributed to a discussion concerning the poem "High Flight" and possible copyright violations. I wrote a response even though the issue was marked "closed."

I am writing a book and producing a film based on the life of John Gillespie Magee, Jr., author of the poem "High Flight." Having done nearly 20 years worth of research on Magee and his most famous poem, I have the definitive answer to the copyright question. In short, "High Flight" is in the Public Domain. This is clearly stated in a letter that Mrs. Faith Magee, John's mother, wrote to the Royal Canadian Air Force in June of 1942.

For more details you are welcome to read the rest of the information I posted regarding this topic, or contact me directly at: ray@highflightproductions.com

I have contributed several times to the Wikipedia article on John Magee as well as his father.

I hope that my information will be included in the copyright discussion before it is "archived."

Treasure Island
There has been recent activity on the 'validated' edition, the result of a problematic match and split. Some of the corrections were not typos, rather it was replacing curly quotes with typewriter ones, but there were problems found the 'migrated text'. My earlier comments on the problems associated with this work have been blanked, but are visible before this diff. Match and split is rarely a good idea, for reasons I believe I have clearly identified elsewhere, it certainly inappropriate in this example. CYGNIS INSIGNIS 23:00, 23 October 2011 (UTC)

URL2Commons
Regarding Help:URL2Commons, somebody at Commons told me that only administrators are allowed to upload directly from the Internet, and that they didn't know if the feature was enabled there or not. I couldn't find the policy anywhere. Also, Magnus Manske doesn't have URL2Commons listed on his website. He may not be supporting it anymore, but I posted a bug. Heyzeuss (talk) 12:11, 29 October 2011 (UTC)
 * I can't remember now if I became an administrator here before I started using the tool or not. However, I am not an admin on Commons, which I think is the important project here (I don't think the rights spread between projects), and I've been able to use the tool.  It might not matter either way as the actual uploading is done by a bot, Commons:User:File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), which may have the appropriate permission itself.  (The bot is used for a few other similar tools as well.)  I haven't found anything to determine what is happening here but I'll look around a little more.  Thanks for letting me know. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 21:05, 29 October 2011 (UTC)

Rolled back header
For header} there were six icons displaying. We need a means to just have one icon, not multiple, and off the top of my head, I cannot figure out the means (not that I have concentrated thinking power). — billinghurst  sDrewth  03:20, 3 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Six icons? The most I saw when I checked were two (featured star and padlock).  There are only three top-icon templates of which I'm aware (locked, featured & referenced).  Which page had six icons?
 * If having both featured and locked on one page is a problem, it can be solved by bringing featured into header as a parameter (ie. ).  This can both call the featured template and deactivate the locked template.  If we stop automatically locking featured pages, we can either use two separate icons or choose a separate set of icons for locked AND featured pages.  For that matter, I had planned to add a different colour of padlock as a provison for pages that are move-protected but not edit-protected.  Referenced does not overlap in purpose with either locked or featured, so there will always be two icons in those cases. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 12:21, 3 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Ah, six padlocks on the Template:Header page itself becasue there are several more headers in the documentation. Is there any other situation where more than one header will be on the page?  I think detecting the namespace and only calling the template from the mainspace might solve the problem. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 13:39, 3 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Nothing springs to mind about where we might have more than one header (though one never quite knows at WS), and you would think that header itself would indicate one, not many. — billinghurst  sDrewth  13:47, 4 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I'm going to try it again, limiting it to the main namespace. I can't think of any reason it wouldn't work and it's not something with which I can really experiment in a sandbox.  I'll mention it on Scriptorium too, to increase the chance of catching any errors. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 23:56, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

Creating Indexes
Good morning! I was wondering if you (or someone else) wouldn't mind jotting down a detailed step-by-step process for me to be able to add a text from Archive.org to Commons? The process would need to take into account that my computer has only basic capabilities (I can't open up .djvu documents, for example)... I have tried adding texts on a couple occasions, and something in the conversion process always goes awry. Thanks! Londonjackbooks (talk) 11:37, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

 * London, maybe you should try to save it to your computer? Mine doesn't let me open them, but I can save them. Then you go to commons, and select upload file. You put your file in the uploader, and then it will upload it to Commons. Then it will prompt you to fill in the info on the book.

 * Once done with that, you select Publish and it will ask you if you want to use it somewhere else. It's not too hard - if you have questions or trouble, I can do it for you. - Tannertsf (talk) 11:45, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Tannertsf! I can save djvu files to my computer too... I think it's somewhere between the saving and the uploading...?  But I haven't tried it for some time.  I don't remember the 'Publish' part... Come to think of it (sorry, I'm thinking as I write), I had tried using the online converter (Any2DjVu) for a text saved to my computer as PDF (from Google books if my mind serves me correctly), converted via the Any2DjVu site, and that is where I had issues (something with the settings at the website, I think)... I'll give things a second look with your recommendations.  I tend to make things more complicated than they need to be!  Thanks for the direction!  I'll give you a holler if I get stuck.  Londonjackbooks (talk) 12:25, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

 * I am working on some new help documents. Regarding the Internet Archive, I have an unfinished guide: User:AdamBMorgan/Other help/Internet Archive. It might be enough for you to get the file you want.  I usually don't download files myself as I have a monthly bandwidth limit that can disappear quickly; I use URL2Commons.  If you would like to try that, I have written Help:URL2Commons (you just need to copy and paste the file shortcut/link from archive.org to URL2Commons).  There's also Help:Beginner's guide to Index: files (not mine) which mostly focusses on the Index page but includes some upload information.  For uploading files from your computer to Commons, I find Commons' Upload Wizard easy to use.
 * Is any of that helpful? - AdamBMorgan (talk) 12:29, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks to you too, Adam! I am sure it will be helpful.  Not ready to upload just yet, but definitely needed more direction once I am... I don't want to keep having to ask others to do it for me :) Londonjackbooks (talk) 12:34, 4 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Personally for me, especially with djvu at archive.org I use the url2commons tool. Also, with that please look to use book rather than information. — billinghurst  sDrewth  13:50, 4 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Copying to one of my User pages for future consideration as well. Thanks, Billinghurst! Londonjackbooks (talk) 13:56, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

another Q. from me
Reformatting Mrs. Coates' Index pages, I got to one of her poems surrounding the "Dreyfus affair" and thought to add her 4 poems to the "Portraits of the affair in various media" section of the WP article. There are no author pages here at WS for Dreyfus or Picquart, so I wondered whether her poems could be added to the Antisemitism section of Portal:Hate groups somehow. Do you think that would be okay? Londonjackbooks (talk) 14:11, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, go ahead. The portals collect (in theory) all the material on their subjects.  If you want, you could also add a specific subheading for the Dreyfus affair or add notes after the wikilink, to explain the inclusion to a casual reader. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 14:19, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

 * A subheading under the Antisemitism subheading? or its own subheading? Also, if you think you can improve on anything I end up adding, please do!  Thank you, Londonjackbooks (talk) 14:23, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

 * A subheading under the Antisemitism subheading. It's just to group similar things together; it isn't necessary. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 15:42, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks, and done! :) You can take a look and feel free to tweak anything you think needs it.  I also noted some other articles here that mention the Dreyfus affair... I'll take a look now and see about adding them to the sub-subheading as well.  Thanks, Londonjackbooks (talk) 15:55, 4 November 2011 (UTC)
 * What's the "proper" way to cite an article from the 1911 Britannica for the purpose of adding it to the subheading? Thanks, Londonjackbooks (talk) 15:59, 4 November 2011 (UTC)
 * I also found a couple more instances:
 * 1) In the Notes section (Note #3) of Hull v. United States/Opinion of the Court
 * 2) "Dreyfus, l'Affaire" from The Nuttall Encyclopædia/D
 * I have to run for now, but will try to get to adding those in a bit. Londonjackbooks (talk) 16:14, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

 * There are special templates for citing Nuttall and Britannica.
 * For 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, try EB1911 link
 * For the court case, there is no linking template, so just use a normal wikilink.
 * For Nuttall, try Nuttall link
 * I should also point out autolink which I made to make this a little simpler (after adding a few hundred links to portals), although it won't work with Nuttall. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 18:38, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

 * Nice! Thank you! :) Londonjackbooks (talk) 18:58, 4 November 2011 (UTC)

I've been working on the EB1911 article, "Anti-Semitism", and was trying to find an already-existing article that has been transcribed into the Main in order to copy the formatting for when I get to creating the Mainspace article for the one I am currently working on... The text for other articles I've come across were not transcribed from Index pages, but were typed directly onto the Mainspace pages. Can you (or anyone) possibly point me to a transcribed complete Mainspace EB1911 article (preferably with a link back to its 'Source') for comparison purposes? Thanks again, Londonjackbooks (talk) 04:45, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

NVM I think I found one... Londonjackbooks (talk) 12:08, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

.djvu vs .pdf
Why are .djvu documents downloaded and not .pdf files? I work with .pdf files and am familiar with them. Is it a matter of the dpi in one format (.pdf over .djvu) documents? Where is the advantage and disadvantage that causes WS to download .djvu documents? The answer will become important to me if I ever get to volume 5 of the Southern Historical Society Papers as well as a few other volumes that are missing. Kindest regards to all, Maury. — William Maury Morris II  Talk 00:25, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

 * It's actually from before my time here but I believe it's mostly habit. The proofreading system will work with PDFs but that is a fairly recent update to the software and may still have a bug or two.  I think people got attached to DjVu when it was the only option.  These days, you can upload a PDF file to proofread if you want (or, if not, you can try converting it to DjVu).  DjVu files have the advantage of being much smaller and I believe the format is also open source (which some people prefer).  PDFs have the advantage of better image quality and more common usage. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 00:39, 5 November 2011 (UTC)

Please read my talk page
This small portion was brought from there:

If taking them means setting them up, then I will totally do just that. - Tannertsf (talk) 20:41, 2 December 2011 (UTC)

Eek! Just saw that it would be sectional transclusion. Im not good at that, so I might not be able to help set up. - Tannertsf (talk) 20:48, 2 December 2011 (UTC)

Never fear, AdamBMorgan is around here, and he handles all of the transclusions. You can still edit as I do and you are better at that than I am. OR I think it would be good for you to place your scanned books on WikiSource that you have already done for your school. You've completed those and WikiSource can use 1800s books. "All for one and one for all" -- we hold the world in our hands. Use your real name and let it travel down through history for untold generations. What we do is not just for now, it is forever. —William Maury Morris II Talk 21:36, 2 December 2011 (UTC)

— William Maury Morris II  Talk 21:42, 2 December 2011 (UTC)

Check
Is this page a good creation? Just wanted to make sure i'm doing it right.

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Southern_Historical_Society_Papers/Volume_03/January/Defence_of_Mobile_in_1865

 * Yes, it is excellent! You know you do excellent work or if you really are not aware just ask others and they will tell you that you do. If they say "no" then they don't really know what excellent is. The way you handle difficult work makes for easy reading.— William Maury Morris II  Talk 22:42, 2 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Yes, as William Maury Morris II said, that's great. I've just added some little bits to help readers navigate around the papers (which isn't necessary but it can't hurt). - AdamBMorgan (talk) 22:52, 2 December 2011 (UTC)
 * A link to the next article in the volume:
 * Portal links:
 * Category:Articles on the Confederacy

Thanks guys. My only caveat with people is they think my proofreading method of random pages (technically not random, but more selective), is bad. Its no big deal, until it makes people stop me from working on a book. Yet to happen though. - Tannertsf (talk) 23:17, 2 December 2011 (UTC)

Judah Benjamin's book
Could you ASAP upload and make an index page for this book? (http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924018830350) I am very interested in it right now. - Tannertsf (talk) 13:22, 14 December 2011 (UTC)

Tannersf, very recently you had an issue in that you asked me not to proofread a book that you were going to do. I asked, How on this earth can anyone know what work anyone wanted as a personal project. These statements are on my talk page where you started the conversation. Next you asked AdamBMorgan to upload the above for you "ASAP". I also asked for a book that I had already started to a good extent but needed AdamBMorgan to set it up properly. He assisted us both. Now I see that you are editing that same book I have partially done and that Adam setup in a better form. Meanwhile, the project you asked for (above) has no work done on it. WHY are you doing this? We do not edit the same way and the differences show. I do not use "ref" on a book that shows the need for "sup", and there are other ways our editing differs. Why not work on what you asked for and let me do the project I asked for? On my talk page that is exactly what you wanted but that is the opposite of what you are doing. WHY? Are you seeking to annoy me and argue with me -- what are you doing? PLEASE work on what you asked for and stop editing the work I asked for in the center, or anywhere else, of the project I asked to be, oh, let us say, "updated" by Adam in a better format than what I had already done. PLEASE keep your word and live up to what you want others to do as opposed to asking me for something and then doing the opposite of what I agreed to. As I stated, it is a matter of manners and you are not stupid -- you know exactly what you are doing. You saw my request of Adam and started editing my request and so far have continued. I am not doing the same to you. I have not touched the project you asked Adam for in the above request on "Judah Benjamin's book". Onlookers, please be fair. I do not want this conflict. — William Maury Morris II  Talk 07:27, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

Heresies of Sea Power
Adam, I don't like to bother you or anyone else but I have gotten myself into a complexity. You mentioned on a page that no books that you listed on that page were on WS. Therefore, I tried to remedy that and I do love the text (nautical). However, for the first time with working on books alone, I have come to a point to where I do not know how to set up pages so that I can place text and images in it. It is kind of like an outline, which I used to love doing, but am confused when it comes to setting it up on WikiSource. Would you please help setting it up or should I ask someone else? It's okay if you are too busy. Here is the url:

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Heresies_of_Sea_Power

— William Maury Morris II  Talk 06:07, 16 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Sorry for the delay. I think this is what you wanted: Index:Heresies of Sea Power (1906).djvu. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 14:19, 17 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Adam, I logged on moments ago to withdraw my request. Overnight I started thinking about how much administrators have to do for others while they themselves have their own projects they want to complete. But you have done this work now so I will state that I sincerely appreciate your kindness just as I appreciate what other administrators and their kindness. I looked at your WS user page and all of those projects you have done and plan to do. I went to your user page and saw all that you have done on WP as well. Alone the two areas are an amazing amount of contributions. Add up the total by adding WP plus WS plus the help you give others is a bit stunning to me. Perhaps it is because I don't know the coding as well as you do and thus it is easier and faster for you, but all in all, I began feeling selfish in the above request. I sincerely do appreciate your work in what you have done. On an administrator's page I saw only about 8 administrators. While I don't know how many "editors" exist that are not administrators it seems that administrators on WS are over-loaded with help given to others while their own projects are set aside. WS administrators like you are obviously altruistic. Is there a page that shows me how to do what you have done with this book so that I won't have to ask anyone else to do this for me?

I thank you for all that you have done for myself and for others. — William Maury Morris II  Talk 17:04, 17 December 2011 (UTC)

 * It's not a problem. As for how, I can't find an appropriate help page at the moment (one of my potential side projects is improving the help pages as it happens).  A very quick version is:
 * Find (or make) the DjVu or PDF file you want to add to Wikisource.
 * Upload the DjVu or PDF file to Wikimedia Commons (just like an image or any other file).
 * Create a page on Wikisource with the same name, except that it starts "Index:" instead of "File:" (ie. File:Filename.djvu on Commons means Index:Filename.djvu on Wikisource).
 * A lot of the rest should be filled in by the computer. There is a help page for creating the Index page: Help:Beginner's guide to Index: files.  I use the URL2Commons tool to upload files without having to download them myself first (although either works), for which I have written a help page: Help:URL2Commons.  Sorry about the delay in response; I've been doing Christmas stuff recently and didn't have much free time. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 00:21, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

Acts of the Parliament of England
This edit is has a problem as it can be misread.

"These are the Acts of the Parliament of England, which remained in existence until the Act of Union 1707," It is not clear if "which remained in existence until the Act of Union 1707" is referring to Parliament of England or the Acts. The problem is that at most only one Parliament remained in existence at the Act of Union so it must refer to the Acts of Parliament ... I guess that is not what you meant, but that is the most likely interpretation that someone would conclude from it unless they know what is meant, in which case they do not need the header information!

There is a further problem with the specific references to those Acts passed during the Interregnum. The Parliaments of the Protectorate were British not English Parliaments and all acts of Commonwealth Parliaments during the Interregnum were passed into oblivion on the Restoration as they never gained Royal consent.

I think it would be helpful if you were to go through your edits to the headers of the pages in Portal:Acts of the Parliament of England and amend to make them clearer, or remove them. -- Philip Baird Shearer (talk) 06:30, 18 December 2011 (UTC)

 * I have no idea what the original meaning was; I copied the text from the pre-existing pages when I was cleaning up the Acts pages mess. I believe it refers to the Parliament and not the Acts, as (for the portal in general) the Parliament is the only thing that ended in 1707. I've removed that part from the Interregnum subpages.

 * Incidentally, I don't own the portals. If you see an error, you are free to edit them yourself without my permission. :) - AdamBMorgan (talk) 00:29, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:AdamBMorgan/Archive 5


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/311

CANTO III.] Around thee foes to forge the ready lie,

And blot Life's latest scene with calumny;

Before thee tortures, which the Soul can dare,

Yet doubts how well the shrinking flesh may bear;

But deeply feels a single cry would shame,

To Valour's praise thy last and dearest claim;

The life thou leav'st below, denied above

By kind monopolists of heavenly love;

And more than doubtful Paradise—thy Heaven

Of earthly hope—thy loved one from thee riven.

Such were the thoughts that outlaw must sustain,

And govern pangs surpassing mortal pain:

And those sustained he—boots it well or ill?

Since not to sink beneath, is something still!

VII.

The first day passed—he saw not her—Gulnare—

The second, third—and still she came not there;

But what her words avouched, her charms had done,

Or else he had not seen another Sun.

The fourth day rolled along, and with the night

Came storm and darkness in their mingling might.

Oh! how he listened to the rushing deep,

That ne'er till now so broke upon his sleep;

And his wild Spirit wilder wishes sent,

Roused by the roar of his own element!

Oft had he ridden on that wingéd wave,

And loved its roughness for the speed it gave;

And now its dashing echoed on his ear,

A long known voice—alas! too vainly near!

Loud sung the wind above; and, doubly loud,

Shook o'er his turret cell the thunder-cloud;


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, William (d.1701)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, William (1635-1716)


text:
Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/14

12 rule should be clearly understood, and the people will respect themselves for having obeyed it. The commencement of proceedings which are known to be genuine and not a mere threat is usually sufficient to obtain payment of arrears: in one case only has an ejectment for rent been necessary. The great want of rooms gives the possessors of such property immense power over their lodgers. Let them see to it that they use it righteously. The fluctuations of work cause to respectable tenants the main difficulties in paying their rent. I have tried to help them in two ways. First, by inducing them to save: this they have done steadily, and each autumn has found them with a small fund accumulated, which has enabled them to meet the difficulties of the time when families are out of town. In the second place, I have done what I could to employ my tenants in slack seasons. I carefully set aside any work they can do for times of scarcity, and I try so to equalize in this small circle the irregularity of work, which must be more or less pernicious, and which the childishness of the poor makes doubly so. They have strangely little power of looking forward; a result is to them as nothing if it will not be perceptible till next quarter! This is very curious to me, especially as seen in connection with that large hope to which I have alluded, and which often makes me think that if I could I would carve over the houses the motto, ""

Another beautiful trait in their character is their trust; it has been quite marvelous to find how great and how ready this is. In no single case have I met with suspicion or with anything but entire confidence.

It is needless to say that there have been many minor difficulties and disappointments. Each separate person, who has failed to rise and meet the help that would have been so gladly given has been a distinct loss to me; for somehow the sense of relation to them has been a very real one, and a feeling of interest and responsibility has been

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/14


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, William (1754-1812)


text:
Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/15

Rh very strong even where there was least that was lovely or lovable in the particular character. When they have not had sufficient energy or self-control to choose the sometimes hard path that has seemed the only right one, it would have been hard to part from them, except for a hope that others would be able to lead them where I have failed.

Two distinct kinds of work depend entirely on one another if they are to bear their full fruit. There is, firstly, the simple fulfillment of a landlady's bounden duties, and uniform demand of the fulfillment of those of the tenants. We have felt ourselves bound by laws which must be obeyed, however hard obedience might often be. Then, secondly, there is the individual friendship which has grown up from intimate knowledge, and from a sense of dependence and protection. Such knowledge gives power to see the real position of families; to suggest in time the inevitable result of certain habits; to urge such measures as shall secure the education of the children and their establishment in life; to keep alive the germs of energy; to waken the gentler thought; to refuse resolutely to give any help but such as rouses self-help; to cherish the smallest lingering gleam of self-respect; and, finally, to be near with strong help should the hour of trial fall suddenly and heavily, and to give it with the hand and heart of a real old friend, who has filled many relations besides that of almsgiver, who has long ago given far more than material help, and has thus earned the right to give this lesser help even to the most independent spirits.

The relation will finally depend on the human spirits that enter into it; like all others, it may be pernicious or helpful. It is simply a large field of labor where the laborers are few. It has this advantage over many beneficent works—that it calls out a sense of duty, and demands energetic right-doing among the poor themselves, and so purifies and stimulates them.

If any of my poorer friends chance to see this, I hope

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/15


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/312

280 And flashed the lightning by the latticed bar,

To him more genial than the Midnight Star:

Close to the glimmering grate he dragged his chain,

And hoped that peril might not prove in vain.

He rais'd his iron hand to Heaven, and prayed

One pitying flash to mar the form it made:

His steel and impious prayer attract alike—

The storm rolled onward, and disdained to strike;

Its peal waxed fainter—ceased—he felt alone,

As if some faithless friend had spurned his groan! my thunder!' so do I exclaim, ' This is my lightning!' I allude to a speech of Ivan's, in the scene with Petrowna and the Empress, where the thought and almost expression are similar to Conrad's in the 3d canto of The Corsair. I, however, do not say this to accuse you, but to exempt myself from suspicion, as there is a priority of six months' publication, on my part, between the appearance of that composition and of your tragedies" (Letter to W. Sotheby, September 25, 1815, Letters, 1899, iii. 219). The following are the lines in question:—

According to Moore, this passage in The Corsair, as Byron seemed to fear, was included by "some scribblers"—i.e. the "lumbering Goth" (see John Bull's Letter), A. A. Watts, in the Literary Gazette, February and March, 1821—among his supposed plagiarisms. Sotheby informed Moore that his lines had been written, though not published, before the appearance of the Corsair. The Confession, and Orestes, reappeared with three hitherto unpublished tragedies, Ivan, The Death of Darnley, and Zamorin and Zama, under the general title, Five Unpublished Tragedies, in 1814.

The story of the critic John Dennis (1657-1734) and the "thunder" is related in Cibber's Lives, iv. 234. Dennis was, or feigned to be, the inventor of a new method of producing stage-thunder, by troughs of wood and stops. Shortly after a play (Appius and Virginia) which he had put upon the stage had been withdrawn, he was present at a performance of Macbeth, at which the new "thunder" was inaugurated. "That is my thunder, by God!" exclaimed Dennis. "The villains will play my thunder, but not my plays."—''Dict. Nat. Biog.'', art. "Dennis."]


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Colebrooke, Henry Thomas


text:
Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/16

14 they will not think I have spoken too exclusively of what we can do for them. I have dwelt on this side of the question because it is the one we are mainly bound to consider; it is for them to think how they can help us. But I must add in gratitude that I have much to thank them for. Their energy and hope amid overwhelming difficulties have made me ashamed of my own laziness and despair. I have seen the inevitable result of faults and omissions of mine that I had never sufficiently weighed. Their patience and thankfulness are a glad cause of admiration to me continually. I trust that our relation to one another may grow better and nearer for many years. 2em

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/16


text:
Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/22

. Often the games are only repetitions of questionable sentences. For instance, what is to be said of a game the whole of which consists in singing: "Here comes my father all down the hill, all down the hill," (over and over again) and replying, "We won't get up for his ugly face—ugly face" (repeated ad libitum)? Then come the mother, the sister, the brother, to whom the same words are addressed. Finally, the lover comes, to whom the greeting is, "We will get up for his pretty face." This was, perhaps, the best game the children knew, yet, in as far as it had any meaning or influence, it must be bad. Compare it, or the wild, lawless fighting or gambling, with a game at trap, arranged with ordered companions, definite object, and progressive skill. The moral influence depends, however, on having ladies who will go to the playground, teach games, act as umpires, know and care for the children. These I hope to find more and more. Until now, except at rare intervals, the playground has been mainly useful for the fresh air it affords to the children who are huddled together by night in small rooms, in the surrounding courts. The more respectable parents keep them indoors, even in the day-time, after school-hours, to prevent their meeting with bad companions.

Mr. Ruskin, to whom the whole undertaking owes its existence, has had trees planted in the playground, and creepers against the houses. In May, we have a May-pole or a throne covered with flowers for the May-queen and her attendants. The sweet luxuriance of the spring-flowers is more enjoyed in that court than would readily be believed. Some months after the first festival the children were seen sticking a few faded flowers into a crevice in the wall, saying, they wanted to make it "like it was the day we had the May-pole."

I have tried, as far as opportunity has permitted, to develop the love of beauty among my tenants. The poor of London need joy and beauty in their lives. There is no more true and eternal law to be recognized about them

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/22


text:
Page:The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero) - Volume 3.djvu/313

CANTO III.] VIII.

The midnight passed, and to the massy door

A light step came—it paused—it moved once more;

Slow turns the grating bolt and sullen key:

'Tis as his heart foreboded—that fair She!

Whate'er her sins, to him a Guardian Saint,

And beauteous still as hermit's hope can paint;

Yet changed since last within that cell she came,

More pale her cheek, more tremulous her frame:

On him she cast her dark and hurried eye,

Which spoke before her accents—"Thou must die!

Yes, thou must die—there is but one resource,

The last—the worst—if torture were not worse."

"Lady! I look to none; my lips proclaim

What last proclaimed they—Conrad still the same:

Why should'st thou seek an outlaw's life to spare,

And change the sentence I deserve to bear?

Well have I earned—nor here alone—the meed

Of Seyd's revenge, by many a lawless deed."

"Why should I seek? because—Oh! did'st thou not

Redeem my life from worse than Slavery's lot?

Why should I seek?—hath Misery made thee blind

To the fond workings of a woman's mind?

And must I say?—albeit my heart rebel

With all that Woman feels, but should not tell—

Because—despite thy crimes—that heart is moved:

It feared thee—thanked thee—pitied—maddened—loved.

Reply not, tell not now thy tale again,

Thou lov'st another—and I love in vain:

Though fond as mine her bosom, form more fair,

I rush through peril which she would not dare.


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 than that which Mr. Dickens shows in "Hard Times"—the fact that every man has an imagination which needs development and satisfaction. Mr. Slearey's speech, "People mutht be amoothed, Thquire," is often recalled to my mind in dealing with the poor. They work hard; their lives are monotonous; they seek low places of amusement; they break out into lawless "sprees." Almost all amusements—singing, dancing, acting, expeditions into the country, eating and drinking—are liable to abuse; no rules are subtle enough to prevent their leading to harm. But if a lady can know the individuals, and ask them as her invited guests to any of these, an innate sense of honor and respect preserves the tone through the whole company. Indeed, there can hardly be a more proudly thankful moment than that, when we see these many people to whom life is dull and full of anxiety, gathered together around us for holy, happy Christmas festivities, or going out to some fair and quiet spot in the bright summer time, bound to one another by the sense of common relationship, preserved unconsciously from wrong by the presence of those whom they love and who love them. Such intervals of bright joy are easily arranged by friends for friends; but if strangers are invited en masse, it is difficult to keep any of these recreations innocent.

All these ways of meeting are invaluable as binding us together; still, they would avail little were it not for the work by which we are connected—for the individual care each member of the little circle receives. Week by week, when the rents are collected, an opportunity of seeing each family separately occurs. There are a multitude of matters to attend to: first, there is the mere outside business—rent to be received, requests from the tenant respecting repairs to be considered: sometimes decisions touching the behavior of other tenants to be made, sometimes rebukes for untidiness to be administered. Then come the sad or joyful remarks about health or work, the little histories of the week. Sometimes grave questions arise

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Mild pupils, in submission's perfect school, Two thousand souls were gather'd here, and here Beneath the Jesuit's all-embracing rule They dwelt, obeying him with love sincere, That never knew distrust, nor felt a fear, Nor anxious thought, which wears the heart away. Sacred to them their laws, their Ruler dear; Humbler or happier none could be than they Who knew it for their good in all things to obey.

The Patron Saint, from whom their town was named, Was that St. Joachin, who, legends say, Unto the Saints in Limbo first proclaim'd The Advent. Being permitted, on the day That Death enlarged him from this mortal clay, His daughter's high election to behold, Thither his soul, glad herald, wing'd its way, And to the Prophets and the Patriarchs old The tidings of great joy and near deliverance told.


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 about important changes in the life of the family—shall a daughter go to service? or shall the sick child be sent to a hospital? etc.

Sometimes violent quarrels must be allayed. Much may be done in this way, so ready is the response in these affectionate natures to those whom they trust and love. For instance: two women among my tenants fought; one received a dreadful kick, the other had hair torn from her head. They were parted by a lad who lived in the house. The women occupied adjoining rooms, they met in the passages, they used the same yard and wash-house, endless were the opportunities of collision while they were engaged with each other. For ten days I saw them repeatedly: I could in no way reconcile them—words of rage and recrimination were all that they uttered; while the hair, which had been carefully preserved by the victim, was continually exhibited to me as a sufficient justification for lasting anger. One was a cold, hard, self-satisfied, well-to-do woman; the other a nervous, affectionate, passionate, very poor Irishwoman. Now it happened that in speaking to the latter one evening, I mentioned my own grief at the quarrel: a look of extreme pain came over her face; it was a new idea to her that I should care. That, and no sense of the wrong of indulging an evil passion, touched her. The warm-hearted creature at once promised to shake hands with her adversary; but she had already taken out a summons against the other for assault, and did not consider she could afford to make up the quarrel, because it implied losing the two shillings the summons had cost. I told her the loss was a mere nothing to her if weighed in the balance with peace, but that I would willingly pay it. It only needed that one of the combatants should make the first step towards reconciliation for the other (who, indeed, rather dreaded answering the summons) to meet her half-way. They are good neighbors now of some months' standing. A little speech which shows the character of the Irishwoman is worth recording. Acknowledging to me

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118

There on the altar was his image set, The lamp before it burning night and day, And there was incensed, when his votaries met Before the sacred shrine, their beads to say, And for his fancied intercession pray, Devoutly as in faith they bent the knee. Such adoration they were taught to pay. Good man, how little had he ween'd that he Should thus obtain a place in Rome's idolatry!

But chiefly there the Mother of our Lord, His blessed daughter, by the multitude Was for their special patroness adored. Amid the square on high her image stood, Clasping the Babe in her beatitude, The Babe divine on whom she fix'd her sight; And in their hearts, albe the work was rude, It raised the thought of all-commanding might, Combined with boundless love and mercy infinite.


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To this great family the Jesuit brought His new-found children now; for young and old He deem'd alike his children while he wrought For their salvation,—seeking to unfold The saving mysteries in the creed enroll'd, To their slow minds, that could but ill conceive The import of the mighty truths he told. But errors they have none to which they cleave, And whatsoe'er he tells they willingly believe.

Safe from that pride of ignorance were they That with small knowledge thinks itself full wise. How at believing aught should these delay, When every where new objects met their eyes To fill the soul with wonder and surprize? Not of itself, but by temptation bred, In man doth impious unbelief arise; It is our instinct to believe and dread, God bids us love, and then our faith is perfected.


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282 If that thy heart to hers were truly dear,

Were I thine own—thou wert not lonely here:

An outlaw's spouse—and leave her Lord to roam!

What hath such gentle dame to do with home?

But speak not now—o'er thine and o'er my head

Hangs the keen sabre by a single thread;

If thou hast courage still, and would'st be free,

Receive this poniard—rise and follow me!"

"Aye—in my chains! my steps will gently tread,

With these adornments, o'er such slumbering head!

Thou hast forgot—is this a garb for flight?

Or is that instrument more fit for fight?"

"Misdoubting Corsair! I have gained the guard,

Ripe for revolt, and greedy for reward.

A single word of mine removes that chain:

Without some aid how here could I remain?

Well, since we met, hath sped my busy time,

If in aught evil, for thy sake the crime:

The crime—'tis none to punish those of Seyd.

That hated tyrant, Conrad—he must bleed!

I see thee shudder, but my soul is changed—

Wronged—spurned—reviled—and it shall be avenged—

Accused of what till now my heart disdained—

Too faithful, though to bitter bondage chained.

Yes, smile!—but he had little cause to sneer,

I was not treacherous then, nor thou too dear:

But he has said it—and the jealous well,—

Those tyrants—teasing—tempting to rebel,—

Deserve the fate their fretting lips foretell.

I never loved—he bought me—somewhat high—

Since with me came a heart he could not buy.


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120

Quick to believe, and slow to comprehend, Like children, unto all the teacher taught Submissively an easy ear they lend: And to the font at once he might have brought These converts, if the Father had not thought Theirs was a case for wise and safe delay, Lest lightly learnt might lightly be forgot; And meanwhile due instruction day by day Would to their opening minds the sense of truth convey.

Of this they reck'd not whether soon or late; For overpowering wonderment possest Their faculties; and in this new estate Strange sights and sounds and thoughts well nigh opprest Their sense, and raised a turmoil in the breast Resenting less of pleasure than of pain; And sleep afforded them no natural rest, But in their dreams, a mixed disordered train, The busy scenes of day disturb'd their hearts again.


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Even when the spirit to that secret wood Return'd, slow Mondai's silent stream beside, No longer there it found the solitude Which late it left: strange faces were descried, Voices, and sounds of music far and wide, And buildings seem'd to tower amid the trees, And forms of men and beasts on every side, As ever-wakeful fancy hears and sees, All things that it had heard, and seen, and more than these.

For in their sleep strange forms deform'd they saw Of frightful fiends, their ghostly enemies: And souls who must abide the rigorous law Weltering in fire, and there, with dolorous cries Blaspheming roll around their hopeless eyes; And those who doom'd a shorter term to bear In penal flames, look upward to the skies, Seeking and finding consolation there, And feel, like dew from Heaven, the precious aid of prayer.


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122

And Angels who around their glorious Queen In adoration bent their heads abased; And infant faces in their dreams were seen Hovering on cherub wings; and Spirits placed To be their guards invisible, who chased With fiery arms their fiendish foes away: Such visions overheated fancy traced, Peopling the night with a confused array That made its hours of rest more restless than the day.

To all who from an old erratic course Of life, within the Jesuit's fold were led, The change was perilous. They felt the force Of habit, when till then in forests bred, A thick perpetual umbrage overhead, They came to dwell in open hght and air. This ill the Fathers long had learnt to dread, And still devised such means as might prepare The new-reclaim'd unhurt this total change to bear.


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All thoughts and occupations to commute, To change their air, their water, and their food, And those old habits suddenly uproot Conform'd to which the vital powers pursued Their functions, such mutation is too rude For man's fine frame unshaken to sustain. And these poor children of the solitude Began ere long to pay the bitter pain That their new way of life brought with it in its train.

On Monnema the apprehended ill Came first; the matron sunk beneath the weight Of a strong malady, whose force no skill In healing, might avert, or mitigate. Yet happy in her children's safe estate Her thankfulness for them she still exprest; And yielding then complacently to fate, With Christian rites her passing hour was blest, And with a Christian's hope she was consign'd to rest.


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124

They laid her in the Garden of the Dead. Such as a Christian burial-place should be Was that fair spot, where every grave was spread With flowers, and not a weed to spring was free; But the pure blossoms of the orange tree Dropt like a shower of fragrance, on the bier; And palms, the type of immortality, Planted in stately colonnades, appear, That all was verdant there throughout the unvarying year.

Nor ever did irreverent feet intrude Within that sacred spot; nor sound of mirth, Unseemly there, profane the solitude, Where solemnly committed earth to earth, Waiting the summons for their second birth, Whole generations in Death's peaceful fold Collected lay; green innocence, ripe worth, Youth full of hope, and age whose days were told, Compress'd alike into that mass of mortal mould.


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Mortal, and yet at the Archangel's voice To put on immortality. That call Shall one day make the sentient dust rejoice; These bodies then shall rise and cast off all Corruption, with whate'er of earthly thrall Had clogg'd the heavenly image, then set free. How then should Death a Christian's heart appal? Lo, Heaven for you is open;—enter ye Children of God, and heirs of his eternity!

This hope supported Mooma, hand in hand When with Yeruti at the grave she stood. Less even now of death they understand Than of the joys eternal that ensued; The bliss of infinite beatitude To them had been their teacher's favourite theme Wherewith their hearts so fully were imbued That it the sole reality might seem, Life, death, and all things else, a shadow or a dream.


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In volumes I., II. and III. of this work, "Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography," the editor, Dr. Lyon G. Tyler, acted as author, and undertook to cover the history of Virginia through biographies of its eminent citizens. He was candid in saying that he did not assume to set forth all the men of prominence that figured in that wide field of centuries of human effort. Probably this was impossible under any circumstances. His labors are supplemented with volumes IV. and V., which will doubtless be generally regarded as a valuable adjunct to those which precede them. In regard to these volumes. Dr. Tyler has only acted as general editor, and is not responsible for any of the sketches, or facts contained in them. This department has been prepared in large part by our regular staff writers, written from data obtained from reliable sources, or, in most instances, furnished by members of the family in interest. In all cases the sketch was submitted in typewritten form to the proper representative for inspection and revision.

The publishers desire to express their obligations, for encouragement and aid, to Dr. Lyon G. Tyler, and also to Capt. William Gordon McCabe, president of Virginia Historical Society; Hon. William E. Cameron, former governor of Virginia; Hon. Armistead C. Gordon, rector of University of Virginia, chairman of State Library Board of Virginia; Hon. Wm. A. Anderson, member of executive committee of the Virginia Historical Society; Hon. Rorer A. James, president of board of visitors of Virginia Military Institute; Rt. Rev. Beverley D. Tucker, D. D., Bishop Coadjutor, Episcopal Diocese, Southern Virginia; Rev. C. Braxton Bryan, D. D., rector of Grace Church, Petersburg; and Prof, E. H. Russell, president of State Normal and Industrial School for Women.


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100 The body is buried generally within one or two hundred yards of the spot where the death occurred. When a man approaches his end, his relatives and friends remove him a short distance from his miam-miam—say five or six yards—and, without regard to the weather, lay him upon the grass. One supports his head and shoulders, holding him tenderly in his arms. By his side are placed a cord, made of grass or some fibre, his opossum rugs, which are to form his pall, and perhaps some favorite weapons or utensils. If of a good heart and stout, the dying man regards these preparations without fear, and talks freely of his coming end. Watching him carefully, the attendant sees at length that the awful change has come; and when the last breath has been breathed, he raises the body, throws the pall over the head, and, with the help of his neighbours, fastens it tightly, passing the cord twice or thrice around the neck. The knees of the body are brought quite up to the breast, the elbows over the trunk and near the hips, and the hands raised and pressed against the chest, and in this position the corpse is made fast with the cords. The pall, meanwhile, has been so kept as to conceal the body, and the attendants have scrupulously avoided actual contact with the flesh. Three minutes, or less, are sufficient for these preparations, and the corpse is then ready for the last ceremonials and the tomb.

of considerable extent, which was enclosed by three small ridges, the surface within the artificial area having been made very level and smooth. The floor of the hut was covered with a bed of rushes, and it was plain it had been recently occupied. A near friend of the deceased had rested hero and watched the grave, in accordance with custom, until the flesh had left the bones. No fire had ever been made in the hut, but fires had been kindled on the heath outside.—Vol. II., p. 71. Near the junction of the Murrumbidgee and the Murray, Major Mitchell found several graves all enclosed in separate parterres of exactly the same remarkable form, consisting of the same kind of double or triple ridges as those first seen in the lower part of the Lachlan. There were three of these parterres all lying due east and west. On one, apparently that most recent, the ashes of a hut still appeared over the grave. On another, which contained two graves (one of a small child), logs of wood mixed with long grass were neatly piled transversely; and in the third, which was so ancient that the enclosing ridges were barely visible, the graves had sunk into a grassy hollow. Major Mitchell learnt from the widow that such tombs were made for men and boys only, not for females, and that the ashes over one of the graves were the remains of a hut which had been burnt and abandoned, after the murder of the person whose body was buried beneath had been avenged by the tribe to whom the brother or relative keeping it company above ground had belonged. — Vol. II., p. 87. Major Mitchell makes the following general observations;—"The graves on these hills [near the junction of the Darling and the Murray] no longer resembled those on the Murrumbidgee and the Murray, but were precisely the same as those we had seen on the Darling, viz., mounds surrounded by and covered with dead branches and pieces of wood. On these lay the same singular casts of the head in white plaster which we had seen only at Fort Bourke. It is indeed curious to observe the different modes of burying adopted by the natives on different rivers. For instance, on the Bogan, they bury in graves covered like our own, and surrounded with curved walks and ornamented ground. On the Lachlan, under lofty mounds of earth, seats being made around. On the Murrumbidgee and Murray the graves are covered with well-thatched huts, containing dried grass for bedding, and enclosed by a parterre of a particular shape, like the inside of a whale-boat; and on the Darling, as above stated, the graves are in mounds, covered with dead branches and limbs of trees, and surrounded by a ditch, which here we found encircled by a fence of dead limbs and branches."—Vol. II., pp. 112-13. The same explorer noticed in one place a large ash-hill (mirrn-yong heap) on whose ample surface the vestiges of a very ancient grave were just visible, the grave having been surrounded by exactly the same kind of ridges which had been observed around the inhabited tomb near the junction of the Lachlan and Murrumbidgee.—Vol. II., p. 148.

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CANTO III.] I was a slave unmurmuring; he hath said,

But for his rescue I with thee had fled.

'Twas false thou know'st—but let such Augurs rue,

Their words are omens Insult renders true.

Nor was thy respite granted to my prayer;

This fleeting grace was only to prepare

New torments for thy life, and my despair.

Mine too he threatens; but his dotage still

Would fain reserve me for his lordly will:

When wearier of these fleeting charms and me,

There yawns the sack—and yonder rolls the sea!

What, am I then a toy for dotard's play,

To wear but till the gilding frets away?

I saw thee—loved thee—owe thee all—would save,

If but to show how grateful is a slave.

But had he not thus menaced fame and life,—

And well he keeps his oaths pronounced in strife—

I still had saved thee—but the Pacha spared:

Now I am all thine own—for all prepared:

Thou lov'st me not—nor know'st—or but the worst.

Alas! this love—that hatred—are the first—

Oh! could'st thou prove my truth, thou would'st not start,

Nor fear the fire that lights an Eastern heart;

'Tis now the beacon of thy safety—now

It points within the port a Mainote prow:

But in one chamber, where our path must lead,

There sleeps—he must not wake—the oppressor Seyd!"

"Gulnare—Gulnare—I never felt till now

My abject fortune, withered fame so low:

Seyd is mine enemy; had swept my band

From earth with ruthless but with open hand,

And therefore came I, in my bark of war,


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70 it is tentative, and has not as yet been in operation more than one year. If the scheme succeeds and spreads, we may fairly hope much from it. It is as yet in its infancy, and no formal opinion as to its working has been pronounced by the Marylebone Board of Guardians; but individual members of that Board have expressed their warm approval, the clerk and the relieving officer appear much pleased with the plan, and at present there are no signs of failure, nor does any modification even appear necessary.

I proceed, therefore, to give an account of the system as at present in operation, and will show afterwards its resemblance to the Elberfeld plan, its chief difference from it, and the reason such marked difference is necessary here and now.

At the end of 1872 it came under the notice of the Guardians of St. Marylebone that there existed in a part of their parish—the division known as St. Mary's, Bryanston Square,—a body of district visitors differing in some measure from any to be found in other parts of London. Their special training was due to the fact that soon after the Charity Organization Society was founded, the rector of St. Mary's had determined to reform his system of distributing the funds entrusted to him for charitable purposes, whilst still using the district visitors as his agents. To this end he made over the whole of these funds to a small committee, the St. Mary's Relief Committee, composed of men of various classes, who had given special attention to the wise administration of aid to the poor. Every applicant for help throughout St. Mary's had henceforth to appear before this committee, who were guided in their decision as to his case both by a report from the Marylebone branch of the Charity Organization Society, and by one from the visitor in whose district he resided. Thus a thorough and efficient inquiry was secured. They also aimed at making relief more adequate than formerly; refusing small grants, which would only give

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Rh The northern tribes in the Colony of Victoria seem to have placed the dead body on a funeral pile, and, with prescribed formalities, lighted the dry wood, and thus consumed the corpse. Some placed the body in a running stream; some threw it across the limb of a tree, so as to be out of the way of the wild dog, but not secure from other flesh-eating creatures; some deposited the dead hunter in a cave; others wrapped the remains in rugs or mats, and placed them on an artificial platform, formed of sticks and branches—where the sentinel-crow was sure to perch, and add a grim solemnity to the picture; many interred the corpse, or put it in an old mirrn-yong heap, or laid it with others—sacred in their memories—in a stone-lined trench cut in the ground.

Perhaps the most common of all methods, as practised by the Aborigines of this period, is that of interring the body.

The southern tribes have no appointed burial grounds for their people. The blacks on the Bogan River, in New South Wales, bury their dead in cemeteries resembling those of Europeans. The graves are numerous, and the grounds are ornamented, and there are curved walks or tracks through them. On the Lachlan River the graves are marked by high mounds of earth, around which are placed rude seats. On the Murrumbidgee and Murray (north of Victoria) the graves are covered with thatched huts. On the Darling River they raise mounds and cover them with branches of trees, and form a ditch around each mound; and sometimes, for greater security, enclose the mound with a fence of dead limbs of trees and branches. Throughout the continent, however, it is the practice to bury the body near the spot where the death occurred.

Oxley gives a description of a grave which he found on his journey. He thinks it was probably that of some person of consideration among the natives. The form of the whole was semicircular. Three rows of seats occupied one half, the grave and the outer row of seats the other; the seats formed segments of circles, fifty, forty-five, and forty feet each, and were formed by the soil being trenched up from between them. The central part of the grave was about five feet high and about nine long, forming an oblong pointed cone. Oxley caused the tomb to be opened, and he found beneath the solid surface of the ground three or four layers of wood lying across the grave, and serving to support the cone of earth above; then several sheets of bark, underneath these dry grass and leaves, and at a depth of four feet was the body. The grave was oval, about four feet in length and from eighteen inches to two feet in width. The feet of the corpse were bent quite up to the head, the arms having been placed between the thighs. The face was downwards, the body lying east and west, with the head to the east. It had been carefully wrapped in a great number of opossum skins, the head bound round with the net usually worn by the natives, and also the girdle. It appeared, after having been enclosed in the skins, to have been placed in a larger net, and then deposited in the manner before mentioned.

To the west and north of the grave were two cypress trees, distant between fifty and sixty feet; the sides towards the tomb were barked, and curious characters deeply cut upon them, in a manner which, considering the tools they possess, must have been a work of great labor and time. The drawing in Oxley's work shows the figures. On one tree I think an attempt has been made to represent snakes, and on the other there is probably a copy of the device that the deceased had carved on his shield.

Major Mitchell says that on the Bogan, not far from Oxley's table-land, he found the burial ground of Milmeridien, and the natives scarcely lifted their heads as they passed it. It is thus graphically described:—"This burial ground was a fairy-like spot, in the midst of a scrub of drooping acacias. It was an extensive space, laid out in little walks, which were narrow and smooth, as if intended only for 'sprites.' All these ran in gracefully-curved lines, and enclosed the heaving heaps of reddish earth, which contrasted finely with the acacias and dark casuarinas around. Others, gilt with moss, shot far into the recesses of the bush, where slight traces of still more ancient graves proved the antiquity of these simple but touching records of humanity. With all our art we could do no more for the dead than these poor savages had done."—Vol. I., p. 317.

At another spot he saw a large lonely hut of peculiar construction; it was closed on every side, the materials consisting of poles and sheets of bark. It stood in the centre of a flat of bare earth

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 Melbourne, 13th November 1876.

I have the honor to lay before you the work I have compiled on the Habits of the Aboriginal Natives of Victoria.

It is not altogether confined to this colony. There is much in it that treats of the customs observed in other parts of Australia, and some information respecting the race that formerly inhabited Tasmania.

The Honorable John A. MacPherson, M.P.,

Chief Secretary, &c., &c.

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character of the following work requires that I should mention the circumstances under which I undertook the compilation of it.

When, sixteen years ago, I was appointed Secretary of the Board for the Protection of the Aborigines, it seemed to me to be my duty to collect information respecting the customs of the people who had formerly owned the soil of Australia, and to make accurate drawings of their weapons and ornaments. I did not know then that I was commencing a work which would engage all my leisure for many years, and entail upon me a large amount of labor in correspondence alone. I had no idea, indeed, in the beginning, that the work would be a large one; but even if it had been possible to have foreseen that, and to have anticipated the difficulties I have had to contend with in tracing various customs from one point to another, and in verifying by a number of examples statements that, unsupported, appeared at the first view highly improbable—still I should, on account of the interest of the questions that presented themselves, and from a sense of duty, have labored earnestly in performing the task.

For the proper and efficient treatment of such subjects as I have attempted to deal with, the mind should be wholly devoted to the consideration of them—unembarrassed by other onerous duties—or free, at least, from the anxieties that are inseparable from an official position in a new country. And this compilation should be judged rather as a series of sketches, written in such intervals of time as were available, than as a scientific work pretending to completeness.

All that I have done in connection with it is founded on information furnished by gentlemen who have had frequent and favorable opportunities of observing the habits of the natives. When I commenced to figure and describe the native weapons, I asked the late Mr. William Thomas, who had held the office of Protector or Guardian of Aborigines for nearly twenty-

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User:Jchen

I have created this account for the purpose of editing NARA WikiProject WikiProject NARA.

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