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Marriott vires étrangers et les munitions destinées aux insurgens de l'Amérique,' 1779. 9. 'Formulary of Instruments and Writs used in the Admiralty Court.' Marriott wrote three papers, 117, 121, and 199, in the 'World,' and contributed an imitation of Ode vi. bk. ii. to Duncombe's 'Horace' in English verse (2nd edit.), i. 184. Two letters from him to Burke on Burke's speaking are in the latter's 'Correspondence,' 1. 97-8, 102-3, and one is in the 'Garrick Correspondence,' ii. 164-5.

A volume of the 'Decisions' by Sir George Hay and Marriott was published in 1801, another volume, edited by George Minot, was issued at Boston, U.S., in 1853, and one of his arguments is included in the 'Collectanea Juridica' of Francis Hargrove, i. 82-129. Numerous papers by him are in the possession of the Marquis of Lansdowne (Hist. MSS. Comm. 3rd Rep. App. p. 139, and 6th Rep. App. p. 240) and Mr. C. F. Weston-Underwood (ib. 10th Rep. App. p. 239). His decisions were such, in the opinion of Judge Story, as no other person would ever follow.

 MARRIOTT, JOHN (d. 1653), 'the great eater,' familiarly known as Ben Marriott, is said to have been a respectable lawyer, who entered Gray's Inn during the reign of James I, and at the time of his death, in 1653, was the patriarch of the society. His burial is dated in Smith's 'Obituary,' (Camden Soc, p. 36), 25 Nov. 1653, but his name is not included in Mr. Foster's 'Register of Admissions to Gray's Inn.' He became notorious in the year previous to his death owing to the circulation of a malicious and licentious pasquinade, entitled 'The Great Eater of Graye's Inn, or the Life of Mr. Marriot, the Cormorant. Wherein is set forth all the exploits and actions by him performed, with many pleasant stories of his Traveils into Kent and other places. By G. F., gent., at the Unicorne in Paul's churchyard, 1652.' The pamphlet relates with much detail how Marriot voided a worm, how he ate an ordinary provided for twenty men, how his enemies served him bitches and monkeys baked in pies, how he stole gentlemen's dogs to eat, and in extremity of hunger devoured the most revolting kinds of offal. The volume concludes with a list of his recipes, particularly 'his pils to appease hunger,' The recipes alone were issued separately in the same year, with the title, 'The English Mountebank: or a Physical Dispensatory,' purporting to be by Marriot himself. An abridgment of the first work appeared in 1750, as a chapbook, with the title, 'The Gray's Inn Greedy Gut, or the Surprising Adventures of Mr. Marriott.' Some additional details are given in Sloane MS. 2425, where Marriot's infantine exploit of 'sucking his mother and ½ a dozen nurses dry' is circumstantially related. G. F.'s scurrilous production was replied to in 'A Letter to Mr. Marriot from a friend of his, wherein his name is redeemed from that Detraction G. F., gent., hath endeavoured to fasten upon him by a scandalous and defamatory libel. London, printed for the friends of Mr. Marriot, 1652,' 7 pp. 4to. The frontispiece represents Marriot and G. F., gent., in postures symbolical, respectively, of righteous indignation and degrading self-humiliation. Marriot's name was for a time proverbial for voracity, like that of Nicholas Wood of Harrisom, whose feats are described by Taylor the Water-poet (1630, p. 142), and that of Darteneuf [see ], commemorated by Pope (cf., Diary, ed. Wheatley, i. 44). In Charles Cotton's 'Poems on Several Occasions' are two copies on Marriot, in one of which the 'cormorant's' appearance is described as spare and thin, 'approaching famine in his physnomy,' while as late as 1705 Dunton, 111 his 'Life and Errors' (p. 90), mentions how the sharp air of New England made him eat 'like a second Marriot.' The accounts of Marriot's exploits, which may have been attributable to disease, possibly had some substratum in fact, but the libellous ingenuity of 'G. F., gent.,' is doubtless responsible for much grotesque embellishment.

 MARRIOTT, JOHN (1780–1825), poet and divine, baptised at Cotesbach Church, Leicestershire, 11 Sept. 1780, was third and youngest son of Robert Marriott (d. 1808), D.C.L., rector of that parish, and of Gilmorton in the same county, by his wife Elizabeth (d. 1819), daughter and'only child of George Stow of Walthamstow, Essex. He was entered at Rugby School at Midsummer 1788, and matriculated at Christ


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Marriott Church, Oxford, on 10 Oct. 1798. At the first public examination in 1802 he was one of the two who obtained a first class in classics, his examiners being Edward Copleston, Henry Phillpotts, and S. P. Rigaud, and in that year he graduated B.A. and obtained a studentship at Christ Church. In 1806 he proceeded M.A. He left Oxford in 1804 to live at Dalkeith as tutor to George Henry, lord Scott, elder brother of the fifth Duke of Buccleuch. He remained at Dalkeith until his pupil's early death in 1808, and during this period of his life he was on very intimate terms with Sir Walter Scott. Marriott was ordained priest on 22 Dec. 1805, and was instituted on 28 April 1807 to the rectory of Church Lawford in Warwickshire, a benefice in the gift of the Buccleuch family, which he retained until his death. Through the continued ill-health of his wife he was compelled to live in Devonshire, where he served the curacies of St. James, Exeter, St. Lawrence, Exeter, and Broad Clyst. In the latter parish his memory was cherished for more than twenty years after his death. In the summer of 1824 he was seized with ossification of the brain and was removed to London for better advice without result. He died there on 31 March 1825, and was buried in the burial-ground belonging to St. Giles-in-the-Fields, which was attached to Old St. Pancras Church. He married in 1808 Mary Ann Harris, daughter of Thomas Harris, solicitor, of Rugby, and of Ann Harrison, his wife; she died at Broad Clyst, 30 Oct. 1821. They had issue four sons, John, Thomas, Charles [q.v.], and George, and one daughter, Mary Ann.

Marriott was a good preacher, in sympathy of friendship, if not of religious belief, with such evangelicals as John Bowdler and the Thorntons, and his fascinating manners endeared him to all who came in contact with him. Scott addressed to him the second canto of ‘Marmion,’ with allusions to his store of classic and of Gothic lore, to their poetic talk, and to Marriott's harp, which, though strung on the banks of Isis, ‘to many a border theme has rung.’ These poems were his contributions to the third edition of Scott's ‘Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border,’ which consisted of ‘The Feast of the Spurs,’ ‘On a Visit paid to the Ruins of Melrose Abbey,’ and ‘Archie Armstrong's Aith.’ His most famous composition is the poem of ‘Marriage is like a Devonshire Lane,’ which is printed in Joanna Baillie's ‘Collection of Poems,’ 1823, pp. 163–4, the Rev. S. Rowe's ‘Dartmoor,’ p. 88, Worth's ‘West Country Garland,’ 1875, pp. 97–8, Smiles's ‘Life of Telford,’ ed. 1867, pp. 7–8, and Everitt's ‘Devonshire Scenery,’ pp. 17–18; in the last-mentioned collection (pp. 232–3) is also a poem by Marriott with the title of ‘A Devonshire Sketch.’ Several sets of verses and numerous letters by him are in C. Kirkpatrick Sharpe's ‘Letters,’ 1888, i. 235–377; to him is attributed ‘The Poetic Epistle to Southey from his Cats,’ which is printed in the ‘Doctor,’ ed. 1848, p. 682, and Burgon quotes some lines by him on the christening day of his son Charles. He was the author of several hymns, especially of (1) ‘Thou whose Almighty Word,’ in ‘The Friendly Visitor,’ 1825, which has been frequently reproduced with slight variations and translated into many languages; (2) ‘A Saint. O would that I could claim,’ which was printed in Mrs. Fuller Maitland's ‘Hymns for Private Devotion,’ 1827, pp. 182–3, and ‘The Friendly Visitor,’ 1834; (3) ‘When Christ our human form did bear,’ written in 1816 for Up-Ottery parochial schools (, Hymnology, pp. 715, 1579). Two manuscript volumes of his poetry belong to the Misses Marriott of Eastleigh, near Southampton.

Marriott's publications were: 1. ‘Sermon preached in Trinity Church, Coventry, at the Archdeacon's Visitation,’ 1813; afterwards included in his ‘Sermons,’ ed. 1838. 2. ‘Hints to a Traveller into Foreign Countries,’ 1816, emphatic in favour of the observance of the Sabbath. 3. ‘Sermons,’ 1818, dedicated to the Duke of Buccleuch, with warmest gratitude for the happiness enjoyed for some years under his roof. 4. ‘Cautions suggested by Trial of R. Carlile for republishing Paine's “Age of Reason,”’ a sermon preached at Broad Clyst, 1819. 5. ‘Sermons,’ edited by his sons the Rev. John and the Rev. Charles Marriott, 1838, in which was included his sermon on the danger of schism, preached at Dr. Sandford's consecration, and reprinted in 1847 by Charles Marriott at the Littlemore press.  MARRIOTT, WHARTON BOOTH (1823–1871), divine, seventh son of George Wharton Marriott, J.P. for Middlesex and barrister of the Inner Temple, was born at 32 Queen Square, St. George's, Bloomsbury, London, 7 Nov. 1823, and was educated at Eton, 1838-43. He matriculated 12 June 1&43, from Trinity College, Oxford, where he was a scholar 1843-6. He was elected a Petrean fellow of Exeter College 30 June

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 in 1837, and two daughters, the second of whom died in infancy.

, 8th duke (1823–1900), the second son of the 7th duke, was born on the 30th of April 1823, and succeeded his father in April 1847. He had already obtained notice as a writer of pamphlets on the disruption of the Church of Scotland, which he strove to avert, and he rapidly became prominent on the Liberal side in parliamentary politics. He was a frequent and eloquent speaker in the House of Lords, and sat as lord privy seal (1852) and postmaster-general (1855) in the cabinets of Lord Aberdeen and Lord Palmerston. In Mr Gladstone’s cabinet of 1868 he was secretary of state for India, and somewhat infelicitously signalized his term of office by his refusal, against the advice of the Indian government, to promise the amir of Afghanistan support against Russian aggression, a course which threw that ruler into the arms of Russia and was followed by the second Afghan War. His eminence alike as a great Scottish noble, and as a British statesman, was accentuated in 1871 when his son, the marquess of Lorne, married Princess Louise, the fourth daughter of Queen Victoria; but in the political world few memorable acts on his part call for record except his resignation of the office of lord privy seal, which he held in Mr Gladstone’s administration of 1880, from his inability to assent to the Irish land legislation of 1881. He opposed the Home Rule Bill with equal vigour, though Mr Gladstone subsequently stated that, among all the old colleagues who dissented from his course, the duke was the only one whose personal relations with him remained entirely unchanged. Detached from party, the duke took an independent position, and for many years spoke his mind with great freedom in letters to The Times on public questions, especially such as concerned the rights or interests of landowners. He was no less active on scientific questions in their relation to religion, which he earnestly strove to reconcile with the progress of discovery. With this aim he published The Reign of Law (1866), Primeval Man (1869), The Unity of Nature (1884), The Unseen Foundations of Society (1893), and other essays. He also wrote on the Eastern question, with especial reference to India, the history and antiquities of Iona, patronage in the Church of Scotland, and many other subjects. The duke (to whose Scottish title was added a dukedom of the United Kingdom in 1892) died on the 24th of April 1900. He was thrice married: first (1844) to a daughter of the second duke of Sutherland (d. 1878); secondly (1881) to a daughter of Bishop Claughton of St Albans (d. 1894); and thirdly (1895) to Ina Erskine M‘Neill. Few men of the duke’s era displayed more versatility of intellect, and he was remarkable among the men of his time for his lofty eloquence.

He was succeeded as 9th duke by his eldest son (1845–  ), whose marriage in 1871 to H.R.H. Princess Louise gave him a special prominence in English public life. He was governor-general of Canada from 1878 to 1883; member of parliament for South Manchester, in the Unionist interest, 1895 to 1900; and he also became known as a writer both in prose and verse. In 1907 he published his reminiscences, Pages from the Past.

ARGYLLSHIRE, a county on the west coast of Scotland, the second largest in the country, embracing a large tract of country on the mainland and a number of the Hebrides or Western Isles. The mainland portion is bounded N. by Inverness-shire; E. by Perth and Dumbarton, Loch Long and the Firth of Clyde; S. by the North Channel (Irish Sea); and W. by the Atlantic. Its area is 1,990,471 acres or 3110 sq. m. The principal districts are Ardnamurchan on the Atlantic, Ardnamurchan Point being the most westerly headland of Scotland; Morven or Morvern, bounded by Loch Sunart, the Sound of Mull and Loch Linnhe; Appin, on Loch Linnhe, with piers at Ballachulish and Port Appin; Benderloch, lying between Loch Creran and Loch Etive; Lorne, surrounding Loch Etive and giving the title of marquess to the Campbells; Argyll, in the middle of the shire, containing Inveraray Castle and furnishing the titles of earl and duke to the Campbells; Cowall, between Loch Fyne and the Firth of Clyde, in which lie Dunoon and other favourite holiday resorts; Knapdale between the Sound of Jura and Loch Fyne; and Kintyre or Cantyre, a long narrow peninsula (which, at the isthmus of Tarbert, is little more than 1 m. wide), the southernmost point of which is known as the Mull, the nearest part of Scotland to the coast of Ireland, only 13 m. distant.

There are no navigable rivers. The two principal mountain streams are the Orchy and Awe. The Orchy flows from Loch Tulla through Glen Orchy, and falls into the north-eastern end of Loch Awe; and the Awe drains the loch at its north-western extremity, discharging into Loch Etive. Among other streams are the Add, Aray, Coe or Cona, Creran, Douglas, Eachaig, Etive, Euchar, Feochan, Finart, Fyne, Kinglass, Nell, Ruel, Shiel, Shira, Strae and Uisge-Dhu. The county is remarkable for the numerous sea-lochs which deeply indent the coast, the principal being Loch Long (with its branches Loch Goil and the Holy Loch), Loch Striven (Rothesay’s “weather glass”), Loch Riddon, Loch Fyne (with Loch Gilp and Loch Gair), Lochs Tarbert, Killisport, Swin, Crinan, Craignish, Melfort, Feochan, Etive, Linnhe (with its branches Loch Creran, Loch Leven and Loch Eil) and Sunart. There are also a large number of inland lakes, the total area of which is about 25,000 acres. Of these the principal are Lochs Awe, Avich, Eck, Lydoch and Shiel. The principal islands are Mull, Islay, Jura, Colonsay, Lismore, Tyree, Coll, Gigha, Luing and Kerrera. Besides these there are the two small but interesting islands of Staffa and Iona. The mountains are so many as to give the shire a markedly rugged character. Some of them are among the loftiest in the kingdom, as Ben Cruachan with its summit of twin pyramids (3689 ft.), Ben More, in Mull (3172), Ben Ima (3318), Buachaille Etive (3345), Ben Bui (3106), Ben Lui (or Loy), on the confines of the shires of Perth and Argyll (3708), Ben Starav near the head of Loch Etive (3541), and Ben Arthur, called from its shape “The Cobbler” (2891), on the borders of Dumbartonshire. There are many picturesque glens, of which the best-known are Glen Aray, Glen Croe, Glen Etive, Glendaruel, Glen Lochy (“the wearisome glen”—some 10 m. of bare hills and boulders—between Tyndrum and Dalmally), Glen Strae, Hell’s Glen (off Lech Goil) and Glencoe, the scene of the massacre in 1692. The waterfalls of Cruachan are beautiful; and those of Connel, which are more in the nature of rapids, caused by the rush of the ebbing tide over the rocky bar at the narrowing mouth of Loch Etive, have been made celebrated by Ossian, who called them “the Falls of Lora.” In several of the glens, as Glen Aray, small falls may be seen, enhanced in beauty when the rivers are in flood. Pre-eminently Argyll is the shire of the sportsman. The lovely Western Isles provide endless enjoyment for the yachtsman; the lochs and rivers abound with salmon and trout; the deer forests and grouse moors are second to none in Scotland.

Geology.—The mainland portion of the county consists chiefly of the metamorphic rocks of the Eastern Highlands, nearly all the subdivisions of that series (see : Geology) being represented. They form parallel belts of varying width trending north-east and south-west. The slates and phyllites referred to the lowest group occur along the shore at Dunoon, and are followed by the Beinn Bheula grits and albite schists, forming nearly all the highest ground in Cowall between Loch Fyne and the Firth of Clyde and the greater part of Kintyre. The green beds, Glensluan mica-schists and Loch Tay limestones are developed in Glendaruel, and have been traced north-east to Glen Fyne and at intervals south-west to Campbeltown. The next prominent zone is that of the Ardrishaig phyllites, with quartzites in the lower portion and soft phyllites in the upper part, which cover a belt from 3 to 6 m. across, stretching from Glen Shira by Inveraray and Ardrishaig to south Knapdale.

Next in order come the Easdale slates, phyllites with thin dark limestone, the main limestone of Loch Awe and the pebbly quartzite (Schiehallion), which are repeated by innumerable folds and spread northwards to Loch Linnhe and westwards to Jura and Islay. The slates of this horizon have been largely quarried at Easdale and Ballachulish, and this main limestone is typically developed near Loch Awe, near Kilmartin, on the islands of Lismore and Shuna, and in Islay between Bridgend and Portaskaig. The quartzites of this series form the highest hills in the south of Islay, occupy nearly the whole of Jura, and are continued in the mainland, where, by

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 1846, but vacated his fellowship by marrying, on 22 April 1851, at Bletchingley, Surrey, Julia, youngest daughter of William Soltau of Clapham. His degrees were B.C.L. 1851, M.A. 1856, B.D. 1870, and he was select preacher in the university of Oxford 1868, and Grinfield lecturer on the Septuagint, 1871. From 1850 to 1860 he was employed as an assistant-master at Eton; he never held any benefice, but was a preacher by license from the bishop in the diocese of Oxford. He regarded many ecclesiastical ceremonies of his time as modern inventions, and viewed the ancient church vestments as simply the ordinary dresses of the period. These opinions he fully stated in 'Vestiarium Christianum: the Origin and Gradual Development of the Dress of Holy Ministry in the Church,' 1868, 'The Vestments of the Church, an illustrated Lecture,' 1869, and 'The Testimony of the Catacombs and of the Monuments of Christian Art from the Second to the Eighteenth Century, concerning Questions of Doctrine now disputed in the Church,' 1870. On 30 May 1857 he was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and a member of the council in 1871. He died at Eton College on 16 Dec. 1871, and his wife died in the following year.

Besides the works already mentioned, Marriott wrote and edited: Marriott was also a contributor to Smith's 'Dictionary of Christian Antiquities.'
 * 1) 'The Adelphi of Terence, with English Notes,' 1863.
 * 2) 'Eἰρηνίκα, The wholesome Words of Holy Scripture concerning Questions now disputed in the Church,' 1864-5, 2 pts.
 * 3) 'Selections from Ovid's Metamorphoses, with English Notes,' second edit. 1868.
 * 4) 'The Doctrine of the Holy Eucharist as set forth in a recent Declaration: a Correspondence between W. B. Marriott and the Rev. Thomas Thellusson Carter, Rector of Clewer,' 1868-1869, two parts. A promised third part apparently was not printed.

 MARROWE, GEORGE (fl. 1437), alchemist, was an Augustinian canon at Nostell, Yorkshire, and is said to have written in English a treatise on the philosopher's stone, of which a copy is preserved at the Bodleian Library, in MS. Ashmole, 1406, p. iv: 'The trewe coppie of an auncyent boke written on parchement by George Marrowe, monk of Nostall Abbey in York sheire, anno D'ni 1437,'

 MARRYAT, FREDERICK (1792–1848), captain in the navy and novelist, born in Great George Street, Westminster 10 July 1792, of a Huguenot family, which fled from France in the end of the sixteenth century, was the grandson of [q. v.] and the second son of Joseph Marryat of Wimbledon, member of parliament for Sandwich, chairman of Lloyd's, and colonial agent for the island of Grenada. On the side of his mother, Charlotte, daughter of Frederick Geyer of Boston in North America, he was of German origin. He received his early education at private schools, where his boisterous temperament brought him into repeated collision with the imperfect discipline. Several times he ran away, always with the intention of escaping to sea, and at last, in September 1806, his father got him entered on board the Imperieuse frigate, commanded by Lord Cochrane [see, tenth ]. The service of the Imperieuse under Cochrane was peculiarly active and brilliant, not only in its almost daily episodes of cutting out coasting vessels or privateers, storming batteries and destroying telegraph stations, but also in the defence of the castle of Trinidad in November 1808, and in the attack on the French fleet in Aix Roads, in April 1809. The daring and judgment of his commander were traits which he subsequently reproduced in Captain Savage of the Diomede in 'Peter Simple' and Captain M in 'The King's Own,' In June the Imperieuse sailed with the fleet on the Walcheren expedition, from which, in October, Marryat was invalided with a sharp attack of fever. Before leaving the vessel he had formed friendships which lasted through life with Sir [q. v.] and Houston Stewart. In 1810 he served in the Centaur flagship of Sir Samuel Hood in the Mediterranean, and in 1811 was in the Æolus in the West Indies and on the coast of North America. He was afterwards in the Spartan, with Captain E. P. Brenton, on the same station, and was sent home in the Indian sloop in September 1812.

On 26 Dec. 1812 he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and in January 1813 was again sent out to the West Indies in the Espiegle sloop. From her he was obliged to invalid in April, and though in 1814 he returned to the coast of North America as lieutenant of the Newcastle, and assisted in the capture of several of the enemy's merchant ships and privateers, his health gave way, and he went home in the spring of 1815. On 13 June he was made commander. In January 1819 Marryat married, and in June 1820 he was appointed to the Beaver sloop, which


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"! here we are on land once more! How good it feels to put one's foot on old Mother Earth after being on shipboard so long!"

It was Larry who uttered the words. He and a number of others had received permission to go ashore, to take a tramp around previous to filling the water-casks. In the party were Tom Grandon and Cal Vincent, and both were armed, the one with a rifle, and the other with a shotgun, ready to bring down anything in the shape of game which might appear.

"I enjoy the shore myself, Larry," answered Luke Striker, who was trudging along beside the boy, up the beach strewn high with shells and bits of broken coral. "But the cap'n says as how we must keep our eyes peeled for natives. Some of 'em ain't none too friendly in these parts."

"It looks as if there wasn't a human soul in

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Marryat was employed on the St. Helena station till the death of Napoleon, when he was moved into the Rosario and sent home with the despatches. The Rosario was afterwards employed in the Channel for the prevention of smuggling, and was paid off in February 1822. In March 1823 he commissioned the Larne for service in the East Indies, where he arrived in time to take an active part in the first Burmese war. From May to September 1824 he was senior naval officer at Rangoon, and was officially thanked for 'his able, gallant, and zealous co-operation' with the troops. The very sickly state of the ship obliged him to go to Penang, but by the end of December he was back at Rangoon, and in Februarv 1825 he had the naval command of an expedition up the Bassein river, which occupied Bassein and seized the Burmese magazines. In April 1825 he was appointed by the senior officer to be captain of the Tees, a promotion afterwards confirmed by the admiralty to 25 July 1825. He returned to England in the Tees in the beginning of 1826, and on 26 Dec. 1826 he was nominated a C.B. In November 1828 he was appointed to the Ariadne, which he commanded on particular service in the Atlantic, at the Azores or at Madeira till November 1830, when he resigned on the nominal grounds of 'private affairs.'

Marryat had been hitherto known as a naval officer of good and, according to his opportunities, of even distinguished service, he had won a C.B. by his conduct in Burmah; he had been awarded in 1818 the gold medal of the Royal Humane Society for his gallantry in saving life at sea, in addition to which he held certificates of having saved upwards of a dozen, by jumping overboard, often to the imminent and extreme danger of his own life. He had also been elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1819, mainly in recognition of his adaptation of Sir Home Popham's [q. v.] system of signalling, to a code for the mercantile marine (1817), which also won for him some years later (19 June 1833) the decoration of the Legion of Honour, conferred by the king of the French, 'for services rendered to science and navigation.' In the meantime, while still in the Ariadne, he wrote and published a novel, under the title of 'The Naval Officer, or Scenes and Adventures in the Life of Frank Mildmay,' 1829, 3 vols. 12mo, for which he received an immediate payment of 400l. The brilliant and lifelike narrative of naval adventure, most of which he had seen or experienced, took the public by storm; the book was a literary and financial success. He had already written 'The King's Own,' which was published in 1830, and settling down to his new profession of literature, he produced with startling rapidity 'Newton Forster,' 1832; 'Peter Simple,' 1834; 'Jacob Faithful,' 1834; 'The Pacha of Many Tales,' 1835; 'Mr. Midshipman Easy,' 1836; 'Japhet in Search of a Father,' 1836; 'The Pirate, and the Three Cutters,' 1836; 'Snarleyyow, or the Dog Fiend,' 1837; 'The Phantom Ship,' 1839; 'Poor Jack,' 1840; 'Joseph Rushbrook, or The Poacher,' 1841; 'Percival Keene,' 1842; 'The Privateer's Man,' 1846; and 'Valerie,' published, after his death, in 1849.

But novel-writing was not his only literary work. From 1832 to 1835 he edited the 'Metropolitan Magazine,' and kept up a close connection with it for a year longer. In it most of his best novels first appeared: 'Newton Forster,' 'Peter Simple,' 'Jacob Faithful,' 'Midshipman Easy,' and 'Japhet,' and besides these, many miscellaneous articles, afterwards published collectively, under the title 'Olla Podrida,' 1840, as well as others which were allowed to die. In 1836 he lived abroad, principally at Brussels, where he was popular, speaking French fluently and being full of humorous stories; 1837 and 1838 he spent in Canada and the United States, his impressions of which he gave to the world as 'A Diary in America, with remarks on its Institutions,' 1839, 3 vols. 12mo, and part second, with the same title, 1839, 3 vols. 12mo. After his return from America in the beginning of 1839 he lived principally in London or at Wimbledon till 1843, when he finally settled at Langham, a house and small farm in Norfolk, which had been in his possession for thirteen years, bringing in very little rent. Notwithstanding a considerable patrimony and the large sums he made by his novels, he seems at this time to have been somewhat straitened in his means, owing partly to the ruin of his West Indian property, and partly to his own extravagance and carelessness. When the readiness with which he had poured out novels of sea life at the rate of two or three a year began to fail, he found a new source of profit in his popular books for children. To these he principally devoted himself during his last eight years. The series opened with 'Masterman Ready, or the Wreck of the Pacific,' 1841, and continued with 'Narrative of the Travels and Adventures of Monsieur Violet in California, Sonora, and Western Texas,' 1843; 'The Settlers in Canada,' 1844; 'The Mission, or Scenes in Africa,' 1845; 'The Children of the New Forest,' 1847; and, published after his death, 'The Little Savage,' 2 pts., 1848-9.


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 [To face page 450. A GALLEY.

(From Joseph Furtenbach's 'Architectura Navalis.' Ulm, 1695.)

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124 sight or hearing outside of our own party, Luke. Just listen; there is nothing to be heard but the booming of the surf and the cries of the tropical birds."

"You don't reckon that a native who was an enemy would come on to you blowing a fish-horn, do you?" answered the Yankee sailor, disdainfully. "No, sirree; he would come as sly as a cat figurin' on catchin' a mouse. It's their way, so I've heard, although I allow as I never yet met an enemy out in these parts, and I spent several years here."

The sun had come out strong and hot, and the whole party were glad enough to avail themselves of the shade that the tall bushes and stately palms afforded. Soon the strip of beach came to an end. Beyond was a series of rocks, one apparently toppled upon another, and all thickly overgrown with trailing vines. The boatswain, who was in front, came to a halt.

"This channel ends here," he said. "I don't know about cuttin' through yonder reefs!" and he pointed to the rising rocks.

"Oh, let us go ahead," cried Larry. "See, the rocks seem to lead to the top of the island. If we once get up there, we'll be able to look all around and down on the other side. Come on."

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Rh The boatswain demurred, but Striker, Vincent, and the others were with Larry, and so they began to mount the rocks,—a difficult undertaking, as they realized long before the top of the elevation was gained. One had to push the other, holding on to the vines in the mean time, and Hobson suffered a slip and a tumble which for several minutes deprived him of his breath. His clothing was much torn, especially his trousers, and at this the Englishman grumbled not a little.

"It's just my luck!" he said. "If I had a wife to sew 'em' up, it would not be so bad, but when we get back to the Columbia, it will be myself who can set down with the wearisome needle, and nobody else."

"Never mind, Hobson," laughed Larry. "I won half of those trousers at the swimming match, and I'll give you my leg if Striker will give you his."

"Since one leg will do me small good, seeing I'm not stumping on a cork yet, he can have the leg," answered the Yankee. "It's a heap sight better nor cuttin' 'em in half with the shears, as Captain Ponsberry suggested, when the parson wanted to know who was to get the prize."

At the remembrance of this bit of pleasantry on

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126 Captain Ponsberry's part, the whole party laughed, and on they went again in improved humor. Larry and Striker were slightly in advance, and seeing the end of the elevation just ahead, the boy made a dash to reach it first.

"Here we are, and well worth the climb!" he exclaimed, as he gazed around. "What a beautiful view! I wish one of us had borrowed the captain's spyglass."

A grand panorama was spread before and around them. On the opposite side of the elevation the slope was more gradual, and here tall grass, wild flowers, and shrubs grew in endless profusion, the flowers in all the gorgeous colors of the rainbow, and giving forth such a rich scent that it was almost sickening. Half way down the hill a large spring gushed from under a heavy rock, forming a tiny stream leading into the ocean beyond. On the left and the right were thick forests, principally of teak wood, ending in a series of coral reefs stretching forth from the island proper for the distance of quarter of a mile.

"Don't see any natives," remarked Vincent, who had followed Larry and Striker. "Do you?"

Striker was staring at a small clearing to the

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Marryat The work told on his health, which was never very strong. He imagined that change of occupation and scene might re-establish it, and in July 1847 applied for service afloat. The refusal of the admiralty to entertain his application exasperated him, and in his anger he broke a blood-vessel of the lungs. For six months he was seriously ill, and was barely recovering when the news of the death of his eldest son, Frederick, lost in the Avenger on 20 Dec. 1847, gave him a shock which proved fatal. He died at Langham on 9 Aug. 1848.

As a writer Marryat has been variously judged, but his position as a story-teller is assured. He drew the material of his stories from his professional experience and knowledge; the terrible shipwreck, for instance, in 'The King's Own,' is a coloured version of the loss of the Droits de l'homme [see ], and Mr. Chucks was still known in the flesh to the generation that succeeded Marryat. As a tale of naval adventure, 'Frank Mildmay was avowedly autobiographical, and there can be little doubt that Marryat's contemporaries could have fitted other names to Captain Kearney, or to Captain To, or to Lieutenant Oxhelly. Marryat has made his sailors live, and has given his incidents a real and absolute existence. It is in this, and in the rollicking sense of fun and humour which pervades the whole, that the secret of his success lay; for, with the exception perhaps of 'The King's Own,' his plots are poor. According to Lockhart, 'in the quiet effectiveness of circumstantial narrative he sometimes approaches old Defoe,' Christopher North was an enthusiastic admirer of his career in the navy, of his writings, and his conviviality; while Hogg placed his character of Peter Simple on a level with that of Parson Adams. Edgar Allan Poe found Marryat's works 'essentially mediocre,' and his ideas 'the common property of the mob.' Besides the works already enumerated, Marryat was the author of 'Suggestions for the Abolition of the present System of Impressment in the Naval Service,' 1822, 8vo, a pamphlet which at the time caused some flutter in naval circles, and is said to have drawn down on him the ill-will of the Duke of Clarence, afterwards William IV; though other stories describe William, when king, as on terms of homely familiarity with both Marryat and his wife. He also published several caricatures, both political and social. One of these—'Puzzled which to Choose, or the King of Timbuctoo offering one of his Daughters in Marriage to Captain ––(anticipated result of the African Expedition),' — obtained considerable popularity, and, according to Mrs. Lean, was not without influence on his election as an F.R.S. 'The Adventures of Master Blockhead' was, on the same authority, one of the most popular of his drawings. Others were less fortunate, and one or more — presumably not published -—'stopped for some months his promotion from lieutenant to commander,' In January 1819 Marryat married Catherine, second daughter of Sir Stephen Shairp of Houston, Linlithgow, and for many years consul-general in Russia. By her he had issue four sons and seven daughters. Three of the sons predeceased him, the youngest, Frank, favourably known as the author of 'Borneo and the Indian Archipelago,' 1848, and 'Mountains and Molehills, or Recollections of a Burnt Journal,' 1865, died of decline in his twenty-ninth year, in 1855. Of the daughters, one, Mrs. Lean, has attained some distinction as a novelist under her maiden name of Florence Marryat. An engraved portrait has been published.

 MARRYAT, THOMAS, M.D. (1730–1792), physician, born in London in 1730, was educated for the presbyterian ministry. He possessed great natural talents, a brilliant memory, and a genuine love for literature. 'Latin,' he says, 'was his vernacular language, and he could read any Greek author, even Lycophron, before nine years old,' His wit, though frequently coarse, was irresistible. From 1747 until 1749 he belonged to a poetical club which met at the Robin Hood, Butcher Row, Strand, every Wednesday at five, and seldom parted till five the next morning. Among the members were Dr. Richard Brookes, Moses Browne, Stephen Duck, Martin Madan, and Thomas Madox. Each member brought a piece of poetry, which was corrected, and if approved of thrown into the treasury, from which the wants of the 'Gentleman's Magazine' and other periodicals were supplied. A supper and trials of wit followed: Marryat, whom Dr. Brookes nicknamed 'Sal Volatile,' frequently kept the table in a roar, though he was never known to laugh himself. It was at this club that the plan and title of the 'Monthly Review,' subsequently appropriated by Ralph Griffiths [q. v.], were decided


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Rh northwest. "Am I mistaken or is that a hut over there?" he questioned, pointing with his long forefinger in the direction.

All of the party took a long look. Larry and Striker were of the opinion that it was a hut, while the others thought it must be nothing but a peculiar formation of brush.

"Certainly there are no natives in sight," said Hobson. "Now we have come so far we might as well go down, and sample that spring as we pass."

This was agreed to, and after a brief breathing spell they set off, Larry and Striker again in the front. Going down had looked easy, but they got many a tumble and were glad enough to rest again when the spring was gained.

"It's mighty good water, but we can't bring the casks up here," remarked Vincent, as he swallowed a goodly portion of the cooling liquid. "The cap'n or some one of us will have to locate another spring nearer the ship."

In a few minutes they resumed the journey. The object Striker had pointed out was now in plain view, and they saw that it was indeed a hut, and no small one either. The shelter was at least

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128 eight feet wide by fifteen feet long, and seven feet high at its lowest end. It contained a window on the side towards them, and beneath this was a rude bench made of a tree slab set upon flat stones. More than this, as they came closer, they discovered a stone fireplace in front of the hut, upon which rested an iron pot and several very rusty tin dishes.

"Somebody's camp!" cried Striker. "And a white man's—I'll wager a month's pay. But he ain't been here for a long while, not by the general look of things."

"No, I don't believe a soul has been near this place in a year," said Hobson. "Why, look at the spider webs; they tell the tale without anything else. Hullo, look there!"

He pointed to the side of the hut, where, on a projection, hung a dilapidated sailor's jacket, much the worse for exposure to the wind and weather. Beneath the jacket, half buried in the mud, rested a sailor's hat.

"That settles it," muttered Striker. "Whoever lived here is either dead, or else some friendly ship chanced along and took him off."

"I wonder if he left anything behind him?" put

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 upon (cf. Marryat's letter printed in Notes and Queries, 7th ser. ii. 123-4, from Bodl. MS. Add. C. 89, ff. 247-8).

Marryat soon abandoned all thought of the ministry, and went to Edinburgh, where he commenced student in physic and graduated M.D. For a while he sought practice in London, but in 1762 made a tour of continental medical schools, and subsequently visited America, obtaining practice where he could. On his return in 1766 he resided for several years in Antrim and the northern parts of Ireland. It was his habit to set apart two hours every day to nonpaying patients that he might watch the effect of his prescriptions on them. He was accustomed to administer enormous doses of drastic medicines regardless of the patient's constitution. For dysentery his favourite prescription was paper boiled in milk. The poorer class had, however, so high an opinion of his skill that they brought dying persons to him in creels. In February 1774 he migrated to Shrewsbury, but finally settled in Bristol about 1785. Here he delivered a course of lectures on therapeutics which was well attended. To bring himself into notice he published a book called 'The Philosophy of Masons,' a work so heterodox in opinion and licentious in language as to offend his best friends. His good fortune, rather than his skill, in restoring to health some patients who had been given up by other doctors gained him a reputation which quickly enabled him to keep his carriage; but his improvident habits reduced him eventually to poverty. When he found his boon companions dropping off, he fixed a paper upon the glass of the Bush coffee-room inquiring 'if any one remembered that there was such a person as Thomas Marryat,' and reminding them that he 'still lived, or rather existed, in Horfield Road,' In the midst of his distress he persistently refused assistance from his relations.

Marryat died on 29 May 1792, and was buried in the ground belonging to the chapel in Lewin's Mead, in Brunswick Square, Bristol. His personal appearance was plain to repulsiveness, his manners were disagreeably blunt, and latterly morose; but he is represented as a man of inflexible integrity and of genuine kindness, especially to the poor. He had much of the habits and manners of an empiric, and was consequently suspected by his more orthodox professional brethren.

Marryat's first work was entitled 'Medical Aphorisms, or a Compendium of Physic, founded on irrefragible principles,' 8vo, Ipswich, 1756 or 1757, much of which he subsequently saw fit to retract. This was followed by his 'Therapeutics, or a New Practice of Physic,' which he 'humbly inscribed to everybody.' It was first published in Latin in 1758 and reprinted in Dublin in 1764; after which a publisher named Dodd issued two spurious copies, one in Cork, dated 1770, and another in London in 1774. The fourth edition, a handsomely printed quarto, was issued at Shrewsbury, under Marryat's supervision, in 1775. A pocket edition, with the title of 'The Art of Healing,' attained great popularity, the twentieth impression having appeared at Bristol in 1805. Prefixed to it is a life of Marryat, with his portrait engraved by Johnson, and autograph.

Marryat also amused himself by writing verse. A new edition of his 'Sentimental Fables for the Ladies,' republished from an Irish copy, appeared at Bristol in 1791. It was dedicated to Hannah More, and had a large sale.

MARSDEN, JOHN BUXTON (1803–1870), historical writer, born at Liverpool in 1803, was admitted sizar of St. Jonn's College, Cambridge, on 10 April 1823 (College Admission Register), and graduated B.A. in 1827, M.A. in 1830. He was ordained in 1827 to the curacy of Burslem, Staffordshire, whence he removed to that of Harrow, Middlesex. From 1833 to 1844 he held the rectory of Lower Tooting, Surrey, during the minority of his successor, R. W. Greaves, and from 1844 to 1851 he was vicar of Great Missenden, Buckinghamshire. In 1851 he became perpetual curate of St. Peter, Dale End, Birmingham. Marsden was a sensible, liberal-minded clergyman. At a meeting of the clergy at Aylesbury on 7 Dec. 1847 to protest against the appointment of [q. v.] to the see of Hereford, he moved an amendment, and in a vigorous speech (printed in 1848) denounced the unfair treatment of Dr. Hampden. For five years before his death ill-health incapacitated him from engaging in active duty of any kind. He died on 16 June 1870 at 37 Highfield Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham (Guardian, 22 June 1870, p. 724).

Marsden was author of three very meritorious works, entitled: 'The History of the Early Puritans, from the Reformation to the Opening of the Civil War in 1642,' 8vo, London, 1850. 'The History of the Later Puritans, from the Opening of the Civil War to 1662,' 8vo, London, 1852 (cf. Gardiner and Mullinger, Introd. to


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Rh in Larry, after a pause. "Let us take a look into the hut."

"Beware of spiders and centipedes," said Vincent, warningly. "Those creatures in these parts are not to be trifled with." And he broke off a bush branch with which to clear the doorway.

"Oh! Look out!"

Several uttered the words simultaneously, and on the instant there was a wild scattering in every direction. Bang! went Tom Grandon's rifle, but the shot failed to hit its mark. The weapon was hurled to the ground, and the mate of the Columbia did not stop running until he was knee-deep in the surf before the hut—to which all of the others had led the way.

For from the interior of the shelter had glided a huge snake, brown in color, with black spots and yellow rings, and a long oval head, in which were set a pair of beady, angry eyes. The reptile was all of twelve feet in length, and thicker than a man's arm, and it came forth so rapidly and unexpectedly that for the moment every one in the party was paralyzed with fear. It reached to within a yard of Larry before the lad saw it, and the

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130 leap the youth made would have done credit to a skilled acrobat.

"That must be a boa constrictor!" cried Striker, who had been the first to lead the way into the water.

"I wonder if he can swim?" queried another of the sailors. "If he can, we aren't safe here."

"Of course he can swim," answered Grandon. "I tried my best to hit him, but I guess I didn't make it. Cal, why don't you go at him?"

The last words had scarcely left the mate's mouth when the boatswain opened fire with the shotgun, aiming directly at the upraised head of the snake, that had paused on the rim of the sea, as if undecided whether or not to undertake an aquatic pursuit. Vincent was very nervous, and the shot, instead of hitting its object, scattered on the sands a yard away.

"Missed!" grunted Hobson. "Reckon, Cal, you couldn't hit the broad side of a house with a Gatling gun."

"He is moving away, anyhow," returned Vincent, as the great snake turned and slowly glided towards the brush behind the hut.

"Give him another shot!" cried Striker, "Load

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 English Hist. pp.. 326, 368). 'History of Christian Churches and Sects from the earliest ages of Christianity,' 2 vols. 8vo, London, 1856; new edit. 1858.

Marsden's other writings include: He likewise published various volumes of sermons and lectures, contributed a 'biographical preface' to a posthumous work of the Rev. Edward Dewdney called 'A Treatise on the special Providence of God,' 16mo, 1848, and edited, with preface and notes, J. F. Simon's 'Natural Religion,' 8vo, 1857. From 1859 to 1869 Marsden was editor of the 'Christian Observer.'
 * 1) 'The Churchmanship of the New Testament: an Inquiry … into the Origin and Progress of certain Opinions which now agitate the Church of Christ,' 12mo, London, 1846.
 * 2) 'Memoirs of the Rev. Samuel Marsden of Paramatta,' 12mo, London (1858); he was not related to  [q. v.]
 * 3) 'Memoirs of the Rev. Hugh Stowell of Manchester,' 8vo, London, 1868.

 MARSDEN, JOHN HOWARD (1803–1891), antiquary, eldest son of William Marsden, curate of St. George's Chapel, Wigan, and afterwards vicar of Eccles, was born at Wigan in 1803, and was admitted, 6 Aug. 1817, into Manchester School, being head scholar in 1822. He was an exhibitioner from the school to St. John's College, Cambridge, where he was elected a scholar on the Somerset foundation. In 1823 he won the Bell university scholarship. He graduated B.A. in 1826, M.A. in 1829, and B.D. in 1836. In 1829 he gained the Seatonian prize, the subject of the poem being 'The Finding of Moses,' Cambridge, 2nd edit. 1830. He was select preacher to the university in 1834, 1837, and 1847; was Hulsean lecturer on divinity in 1843 and 1844, and was from 1851 to 1865 the first Disney professor of archaeology.

In 1840 he had been presented by his college to the rectory of Great Oakley, Essex, which he held for forty-nine years, only resigning it, in 1889, on account of the infirmities of age. He also held for some years the rural deanery of Harwich. Having been elected canon residentiary of Manchester in 1858, he became rural dean of the deanery of Eccles, and he was one of the chaplains of [q. v.], first bishop of Manchester. Throughout his long life he devoted his leisure to literary pursuits, more especially to numismatical and archaeological research. He died at his residence, Grey Friars, Colchester, on 24 Jan. 1891.

He married in 1840 Caroline, elder daughter of William Moore, D.D., prebendary of Lincoln, and had issue three sons. Marsden's works are:
 * 1) Various sermons preached at Manchester Cathedral, Colchester, and Cambridge, 1835-45.
 * 2) 'The Sacred Tree, a Tale of Hindostan,' privately printed, London, 1840.
 * 3) 'Philomorus, a Brief Examination of the Latin Poems of Sir Thomas More,' London, 1842.
 * 4) 'An Examination of certain Passages in Our Lord's Conversation with Nicodemus,' eight Hulsean lectures, London, 1844, 8vo.
 * 5) 'The Evils which have resulted at various times from a Misapprehension of Our Lord's Miracles,' eight Hulsean discourses, London, 1845, 8vo.
 * 6) 'History of the Gentlemen's Society at Spalding,' London, 1849.
 * 7) 'College Life in the Reign of James I,' based on the autobiography of Sir Symonds D'Ewes, London, 1851.
 * 8) 'Two Introductory Lectures upon Archaeology, delivered in the University of Cambridge,' Cambridge, 1852, 8vo.
 * 9) 'A Descriptive Sketch of the Collection of Works of Ancient Greek and Roman Art at Felix Hall,' in 'Transactions of the Essex Archaeological Society,' 1863.
 * 10) 'A Brief Memoir of the Life and Writings of Lieutenant-Colonel William Martin Leake, F.R.S.,' privately printed, London, 1864, 4to.
 * 11) 'Fasciculus,' London, 1869, 8vo; an amusing collection of his poetical pieces of a lighter kind.

 MARSDEN, SAMUEL (1764–1838), apostle of New Zealand, son of a tradesman, was born at Horsforth, a village near Leeds, on 28 July 1764. He was educated at Hull grammar school, and then took part in his father's business. Being a lad of good ability and exemplary character, he was adopted by the Elland Society, and placed at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he studied with assiduity and pained the friendship of the Rev. Charles Simeon. Before his university education was completed he was ordained, and by a royal commission, dated 1 Jan. 1793, appointed second chaplain in New South Wales. He arrived in the colony on 2 March 1794, and took up his residence at Parramatta, where, and at Sydney and Hawkesbury, he had charge of the religious instruction of the convicts. In 1807 he returned to England to report on the state of the colony to the government,


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Rh up and let me do the trick. Tom, where's your rifle?"

"I—I let it fall," answered the mate of the Columbia, sheepishly. "There it is near the fireplace."

"Better go in and get it," went on the Yankee sailor, facetiously.

"Well—I—I'll wait a bit. I don't want to be bit or hugged to death. Give him a dose of shot, if you can hit him."

By this time the shotgun was loaded again, and now Striker took it. The great snake had reached the bushes and was lying with its head concealed, but the lower half of its shiny body exposed. Taking careful aim, the Yankee sailor fired, and an instant later the reptile was seen to turn and twist in every direction, slashing the bushes as with a flail. It had been struck fairly, but the shot was by no means a fatal one. It remained in view fully half a minute, then crawled further into the brush, where they heard it continue its thrashing.

"There, I don't think he'll bother us much more," remarked Striker, as he handed the shotgun back to Vincent. "Tom, you can get your rifle now, if you want it."

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132 The mate hated very much to make the move, but not willing to show too much cowardice, he waded ashore slowly and with extreme caution. Securing the weapon, he rushed back to the others, but the snake did not show itself again.

"Well, this looks as if we were in a pickle," remarked Larry, who, it must be said, was as cool as any of them—although this is not saying a great deal. "Here we are, and our ship on the other side of the island, and nothing to do but to tramp through that brush and over those rocks, and perhaps stir up another of those snakes. I've heard they often travel in pairs."

"No! no! you don't catch me cutting through the brush again!" ejaculated Hobson. "That bloody reptile was too much for me. Ugh! my blood is running cold yet. If I was to meet him in the bushes, I'd die, I know I should, and I'm no more of a coward than most men at that."

At these words each of the little party looked at the others. It was truly an uncomfortable situation in which to be placed. What was best to be done?

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100 Columbia to proceed upon her way again under full sail. Olan Oleson kept his distance, nor did he even look at Larry or Striker. "He's learned his lesson," said the Yankee tar, but how grievously he was mistaken the chapters which follow will show.

They were now reaching the vicinity of Wake Island, and a constant lookout was kept, that they might not pass the spot, which is low-lying, rather, barren, and of small territory. Larry was up in the cross-trees one afternoon, when he saw the island far to the north of the Columbia.

"Land O!" he sang out, and the cry soon rang through the ship, speedily bringing the captain, Mr. Wells, and everybody else on deck.

"Where away?"

"On our starboard quarter, captain. I can just see a bit of rocks and trees."

A marine glass was brought into use, and after a brief survey Captain Ponsberry decided that it was Wake Island. The course of the Columbia was immediately changed, and an hour later they were moving slowly into a small but safe harbor, surrounded by coral reefs upon which the sea pounded incessantly.

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", there are only two ways of getting back," remarked the mate of the Columbia, after a long pause. "One is to climb the hill, and the other is to skirt either the east or the west shore. It's a close mile across, and I reckon it's three miles around, one way or the other."

"Yes, I reckon it is three miles by way of the shore," answered Hobson. "But there is a beach most of the way, if not all of the way, and it will be easier walking on that than it will be a-climbing the rocks."

"I say let us try the shore," put in Vincent, who was as scared as any one. "We won't be worried about snakes, and we'll see more than if we went back by the way we came. The question is, which shore, east or west?"

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134 from the top of the hill, the eastern shore route must be the shorter, and would, consequently, be the best to take, for all felt that they must now be getting back to the ship. Both the rifle and shotgun were loaded, and off they started, the two armed men in advance, on the alert to fire at the first enemy which might appear.

For the first mile nothing came to view but the ocean upon one side, and a stretch of beach and brush upon the other, backed up by the forests previously mentioned. In the brush and trees could be heard great numbers of birds, and both Grandon and Vincent would have gone in for game had it not been that the remembrance of the snake held them back. Yet they managed, by keeping wide awake, to bring down several cockatoos and a species of wild turkey, and of these they were very proud.

After the turkey was killed and slung over the mate's shoulder, another mile was covered, and then they came to a small bay, or inlet, on the other side of which was a hump of rocks, hiding the south shore, where they knew the Columbia must be at anchor. Striker was now again in advance, with Larry beside him.

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Rh "Avast!" cried the Yankee sailor, suddenly plucking the boy by the sleeve. "Get back there, out of sight, all of you, and I'll capture a prize wuth havin'!"

He motioned to the others, who came to an immediate halt. Looking ahead, they saw at the back of the sunny inlet several large turtles basking on the beach, their necks and legs stretched out to the fullest extent.

"Can you do the trick?" whispered Hobson. "I've heard tell it's got to be managed cleverly or the turtle will get away."

"Trust me—I've done it before—when I was ashore on Luzon!" answered the Yankee sailor. "Watch me, Larry; it's a trick worth knowing—in case ye are cast ashore some day with no food and no gun to bring it down with."

While the rest of the party retreated to the shelter of some nearby bushes, having by this time gotten over the greater part of the fright occasioned by the snake, Luke Striker crawled stealthily along the beach and entered the shallow waters of the inlet, pursuing a course which presently brought him up directly in front of the turtles, who still lay unconscious of their danger.

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136 In a few minutes Striker had gained the edge of the beach, and here he paused, to decide the question of which turtle to attack first. There were three in a bunch, two nearly side by side and the third a few yards to the rear, while a fourth turtle lay still further back, but somewhat to the left of its mates.

Having fixed his plan of attack, the Yankee rushed forward as nimbly as his long legs would carry him, and, catching the nearest turtle by the side edge of the shell gave it a scoop which immediately placed it upon its back, with its legs squirming harmlessly in the air.

Instantly there was a commotion, and with a great flapping the remaining turtles started up, and, seeing their enemy, made a rush towards the nearest water, that beside the one turned over uttering a savage hiss at Striker as it darted by, just escaping his reach.

With the next nearest turtle gone, the Yankee leaped for the one behind the pair, which started for the water, then on seeing the sailor directly in the way, turned to move to one side. Another dexterous scoop, and this one was also helpless, and away went Striker for the fourth, now ten

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Rh yards off and making for the water at the height of its clumsy speed. It was a nip-and-tuck race, in more ways than one; for as the sailor reached the turtle, it suddenly turned, gave him a vicious nip in the leg, and before Striker could recover tumbled into the water and was gone.

"Wuow!" came from the Yankee, and for the time being his captures were forgotten, as he danced around in pain. Soon the wound was uncovered, and was found to be not unlike what an angry cat might have made. Striker lost no time in bathing it with salt water, and then with some brandy Grandon carried in a flask, doing this to avoid the possibility of blood poisoning.

The two turtles lying upon their backs were each over a foot and a half in diameter, with shells of unusual beauty, as Larry could see at a glance. They were soon put to death, and turned over, and the boy examined them with interest.

"They are hawk's-bill turtles," said Vincent. "A good catch. Do you know what this shell is used for?" he went on, to Larry.

"It looks a little like tortoise-shell."

"It is tortoise-shell, although it will need a deal of polishing before it will show up as beautiful as

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138 it does in combs and ladies' pocket-knives, and the like. The natives take the shell off by turning the poor creatures over and making a fire under 'em while they are still alive; but that is the wust kind of cruelty."

No time was lost, after Striker's wound had been dressed, in fastening several bits of cord to the two turtles, and while Larry and the Yankee carried one between them, the others of the party took care of the second. Crossing the hump of rocks, they came in sight of the Columbia as anticipated, and soon after entered the yawl and rowed out to the schooner.

"I was calculating you had got lost," cried Captain Ponsberry, when they appeared. "Humph! A couple o' good hawk's-bills, but not much to eat."

"Aren't the turtles good eating?" asked Larry.

"About as good as that sawfish, lad. Green turtles are the thing; these are poor stuff, although we might try one, just for a change."

The story they had to tell about the snake was listened to with much interest. "I do not blame you for trying to keep out of the reach of those reptiles," said Mr. Wells. "If one of them caught any of the party, the unfortunate would be crushed

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Rh to a jelly and then slowly devoured. Perhaps that is what happened to the former inhabitant of the solitary hut you visited."

In coming over the hump of rocks near Turtle Cove, as Larry named the spot, they had located another spring, less than a hundred yards from shore. Upon learning of this, the schooner was towed around to the inlet, and the task of filling the water-casks began that afternoon and was completed the next day. Then up went the anchor once more, every sail was set, and the trip to Hong Kong was resumed.

Again the days lengthened into weeks, and as nothing occurred in the way of storms the voyage became as monotonous as before. The only break was on Sunday, when the Rev. Martin Wells held a regular church service, morning and evening, which all were glad to attend, some, among whom was Larry, because they thought it the proper thing to do, and the others because the missionary was a good speaker and it helped to pass the time. Even Olan Oleson attended, but it is doubtful if the sermons and prayers affected the wicked-minded Norwegian, who was plotting continually to revenge himself upon Larry and Striker.

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140 Mr. Wells was much pleased to see what an interest Larry took in his work, and how ready the lad was to lead in the singing of the hymns, and the two became better friends than ever. The missionary had long since heard the story of the boy's trouble at home, and while he did not exactly approve of what had been done, yet he felt it a hard task to offer any censure, considering how Larry and his brothers must have suffered through the loss of their mother and the breaking up of the home. He advised Larry to write a plain straightforward letter to Job Dowling from Hong Kong, telling of what he had done, and then to hope for the best.

"You'll feel better for having written, mark my words," he concluded. "And your uncle ought to know where you are, in case anything happens to you." And Larry promised that the letter should be written.

As the time sped by, the vast Pacific Ocean was left behind, and they began to crawl slowly but surely into the South China Sea, at a point directly below the most southerly extremity of the island of Formosa.

"It won't be many days now before our trip comes

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Rh to an end," remarked the missionary to Larry, one hot, starlit evening, as the two lounged along the starboard rail, wondering when the coast of Formosa would be sighted. "The distance from South Point on Formosa to Hong Kong is not much over four hundred miles."

"This is the island from which the famous Formosa teas come, I suppose?" said Larry.

"Yes, the island is famous for its teas, and tea-growing is its main industry, although, I believe, rice is also raised to some extent."

"Striker was telling me that the Philippines are directly south of us," went on the boy. "He has visited Luzon, which he says is the largest of the group.!"

"Yes, Luzon is the largest island, and upon that is situated Manila, the principal city. There are a great number of islands, some navigators placing the figure at thirteen hundred, but many of these are mere bits of coral formation and uninhabited. The islands of any consequence, and which are peopled, number in the neighborhood of four hundred."

"Four hundred! Well, that is enough, I'm sure."

The missionary smiled. "Yes, that is enough, yet you must remember that the Philippines are only

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142 one group of islands out of many in Oceanica. How many islands there really are will, perhaps, never be known; for many of them are of volcanic origin, and rise and sink as volcanoes burst forth or earthquakes occur."

"That wouldn't be very nice, if a fellow should happen to be around at the time."

"Thousands of the natives have lost their lives through the actions of the volcanoes and the earthquakes, as well as by the tidal waves which very often accompany such phenomena. But there are millions more to take the places of the lost ones, and so, poor creatures, they are never missed. I presume the Philippines will be of unusual interest to the Americans in case the blowing up of the Maine should lead to a war with Spain."

"Why should they be?"

"Outside of Cuba and Porto Rico, the Philippines are Spain's only colonial possessions of value, and I have heard it stated that the Philippines are among the richest islands in the world, being, on account of their volcanic origin, full of precious minerals. Besides this, large quantities of hemp are grown here, out of which manila rope and manila paper are made."

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Rh "And does Spain rule the natives here as badly as she rules the Cubans?"

"Yes, every bit, if not worse. Uprisings are frequent, and Spain has a regular standing army quartered in and around Manila, Bulacano, and other cities. Even now the natives are in a state of revolt, under the leadership of a General Aguinaldo. The natives have put up with the iron hand of tyranny for years, and should they ever win what they are fighting for, it is likely every Spaniard on the islands will be butchered."

Larry shuddered. "Coming from the States, one would scarcely dream of such horrors, Mr. Wells."

"That is true, Lawrence; but, as I told you in a previous talk, Spain has only herself to blame for all this. She has misused these people for centuries, and now must take the consequence. I can scarcely believe it, yet only a short while ago I received several letters from Manila and Hong Kong giving the details of a fearful slaughter of rebels whom the Spanish troops in Luzon had captured. There were over a hundred of them, and the poor fellows were taken to the Lunetta, a favorite concourse outside of Manila, where in the presence of thousands of people, including women,—I cannot call such

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144 immodest creatures ladies,—the victims were bound, drawn up in a long line with the Spanish details behind them, and, at a given signal, were shot down like so many dogs. Our missionary at Manila mentioned one of the number in particular, a young fellow not over eighteen years of age, in whom he had become greatly interested. The poor boy was drawn up in line with the rest, but was not killed at the first volley, nor at the second, and at last a Spanish surgeon who was on duty there ordered one of the soldiers to come up close with his gun and finish the poor lad, and this was done in a manner I would not care to put into words. When such things occur, is it any wonder that those who are oppressed rise up determined to either throw off the yoke of tyranny or give up their lives in the effort?"

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, the lowest extremity of Formosa, was passed on the following day, a mere speck upon the horizon, and then the bow of the gallant Columbia was turned directly for Hong Kong.

As one day after another went by, the weather, which had heretofore been nearly all that could be desired, changed with great suddenness. One day it would be blazing hot, so hot that no one could stand it on the deck during midday; the next it would be cold, with high winds and a driving rain from the northward, which sent the schooner scudding southward under bare poles, and caused every stick of timber to creak and groan in a manner new to Larry's ears.

"I knowed we would pay up for all that niceness," grumbled Luke Striker, as he came into the forecastle one afternoon drenched to the skin. "We're going to have a spell of the dirtiest weather you ever saw; mark my words."

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146 "It can't be any worse than it is just now," answered Larry, who was holding on to the edge of his berth to keep himself from sliding to the floor. "My gracious! I thought a while ago the Columbia would go clean over! It wouldn't take much sail to pull a stick out of her just now."

"We won't fly a rag for forty-eight hours," put in Hobson, who had followed Striker in. "It's a regular hurricane, and we can be thankful if we keep right side up."

At that moment Olan Oleson approached the doorway from outside. The big Norwegian was as wet as any of them and in a worse humor than usual. In his arms he carried his great-coat, which for some reason he had just taken off. As Larry looked up at him, he swung the dripping garment around and hit the boy fairly across the face with it.

"You tak dat! " he cried. "You no laugh at me for nothank!"

"What do you mean by that, Oleson?" spluttered Larry, as soon as he could speak. "I wasn't laughing at you. I just looked up to see who was coming in."

"I know better—you shut your mouth,"

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 and to solicit further assistance of clergy and schoolmasters. While in London he obtained an audience of George III, who presented him with five Spanish sheep from his own flock, and these sheep became the progenitors of extensive flocks of fine-woolled sheep in Australia.

On his return to New South Wales in 1809 he turned his attention to the state of New Zealand, and finding he could not persuade the Church Missionary Society to do much for him, he at last, in 1814, at his own risk, purchased the brig Active, in which he sent two missionaries to those islands. On 19 Nov. Marsden, accompanied by six New Zealand chiefs who had been staying with him at Parramatta, made his first voyage to New Zealand. He was received with cordiality by the natives, and found no difficulty in procuring land for a mission-station. This was the first of seven voyages which he made to New Zealand between 1814 and 1837. No one ever exerted more influence over the native chiefs than himself, and he must be regarded as one of the most important of the settlers and civilisers of the country.

As chaplain in New South Wales he endeavoured, with some success, to improve the standard of morals and manners. He established orphan schools and female penitentiaries, and made Parramatta a model parish. Unfortunately the governors did not always give him assistance or help, and in 1817 he had to bring an action for defamation of character against the governor's secretary for an article published in the 'Government Gazette,' In 1820 a commission was sent out from England to investigate the state of the colony and to inquire into Marsden's conduct, but the charges made against him were in no-instance substantiated. At Parramatta he set up a seminary for the education of New Zealanders, but this was given up in 1821. His salary as chaplain was raised to 400l. a year in 1825; later on, when Sydney was erected into a bishopric in 1847, he became minister of Parramatta parish. He paid a last visit to the Maoris, in his usual capacity of peace-maker, in 1837. He died at the parsonage, Windsor, on 12 May 1838, and was buried at Parramatta, where some Maoris subscribed a marble tablet to his memory (, New Zealand, p. 601). On 21 April 1793 he' married Miss Ellen Tristan. She died at Parramatta in 1835. Marsden published: 1. 'An Answer to certain Calumnies in Governor Macquarie's Pamphlet and the third edition of Mr. Wentworth's "Account of Australia," ' 1826. 2. 'Statement, including a Correspondence between the Commissioners of the Court of Enquiry and S. Marsden relative to a Charge of illegal Punishment preferred against Doctor Douglass,' 1828.

MARSDEN, WILLIAM (1754–1836), orientalist and numismatist, born at Verval, co. Wicklow, Ireland, on 16 Nov. 1754, was the sixth son and tenth child of John Marsden by his second wife Eleanor Bagnall. John Marsden was engaged in 'extensive mercantile and shipping concerns' in Dublin, and was a promoter (in 1783) and director of the National Bank of Ireland. The family had settled in Ireland at the end of the reign of Queen Anne, and was probably of Derbyshire origin. William Marsden received a classical education in schools at Dublin, and was preparing to enter Trinity College there, with a view to the church, when, at the suggestion of his eldest brother, John Marsden, a writer in the East India Company's service at Fort Marlborough (Bencoolen) in Sumatra, he obtained an appointment from the company. He left Gravesend on 27 Dec. 1770, and reached Bencoolen on 30 May 1771. During an eight years' residence in Sumatra, Marsden did good official service as sub-secretary, and afterwards as principal secretary, to the government. He amused his leisure hours by writing verses and by acting female parts in a theatre at Bencoolen built and chiefly-managed by his brother. He also mastered the vernacular tongue, a study which bore fruit later on in his 'Dictionary of the Malayan Language.' Marsden's employment by the company practically ceased on 6 July 1779, when he left Sumatra for England. He invested his savings, and in January 1785 established with his brother John (who had also returned from Sumatra) an East India agency business in Gower Street, London. On 3 March 1795 Marsden, who since 1780 had enjoyed much leisure for learned studies, was induced to accept the post of second secretary of the admiralty, and was promoted to be first secretary (with a salary of 4,000l. a year) in 1804. He discharged his duties ably during this eventful period of naval history. He resigned the secretaryship in June 1807, and received a pension for life of 1,500l., which in 1831 he voluntarily relinquished to the nation.


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Rh Oleson, and then out of pure ugliness of temper he attempted to hit Larry again.

But now the boy was on his guard and dodged. Then he caught hold of the great-coat and attempted to pull it from Oleson's grasp. The Norwegian held fast, and a sharp but short tug-of-war ensued, coming to a sudden termination when a ripping sound was heard and the coat began to tear up the back.

"Now see what you do!" fumed Oleson, as Larry released his hold. "You spoil dat coat. I mak you pay for him!"

"It's your own fault," was the quick answer, as Larry wiped the water from his face. "You had no business to hit me."

"That's right, Oleson; it wasn't fair," broke in Striker.

"You kap out of dis, or I mak you!" shouted the Norwegian, almost beside himself with rage. "He tear de coat and he pay for him. I show you!"

He dashed the garment on his berth and leaped upon Larry. The boy tried to escape, but there was no room in the narrow forecastle, and down he went over a stool, with Oleson on top of him.

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148 The fall was a bad one, and Larry's back might have been broken had not both Striker and Hobson interfered and hauled Oleson off.

"Lat go me!" screamed the Norwegian. "Lat go!"

"I will—when you promise to behave yourself," returned Striker. "You're a nice brute to tackle a mere boy like Larry."

"Lat go! I report you to de captain."

"Do it, and welcome," were Striker's words, and giving a sudden twist, he threw Oleson down and sat upon him. The Norwegian squirmed and fumed, but all to no purpose.

How far the quarrel might have gone there is no telling. But now an interruption came—an interruption so terrible that for the time being all else was forgotten.

As I have mentioned, the rain and wind were both high, but up to this time the electrical disturbances in the sky—so common to this locality—had been comparatively insignificant. Now, however, there came without an instant's warning a blinding flash of lightning which blazed upon every part of the Columbia, followed instantly by a crack of thunder which to Larry sounded like the crack of doom.

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Marsden Marsden was elected fellow of the Royal Society 23 Jan. 1783, became treasurer and vice-president, and often presided during the illness of Sir Joseph Banks. He had made the acquaintance of Banks in March 1780, and from that time till 1795 was a constant guest at his 'philosophical breakfasts ' in Soho Square, at which ne met, among others, Dr. Solander, Dr. Maskelyne, Major Rennell, Sir William Herschel, Planta, and Bishop Horsley. He was elected fellow of the Asiatic Society of Calcutta in November 1784, and fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1786. He was an original member of the Royal Irish Academy (May 1785), member and treasurer of the Royal Society Club 1787), and a member of the Literary Club 26 Feb. 1799). In June 1786 he received the honorary degree of D.C.L. Oxford.

After his retirement Marsden took a house named Edge Grove at Aldenham, Hertfordshire, where he henceforth chiefly lived. In 1833 he suffered from apoplexy, and an attack proved fatal on 6 Oct. 1836. He was buried in the cemetery at Kensal Green.

On 22 Aug. 1807 Marsden married Elizabeth Wray, eldest daughter of his friend Sir Charles Wilkins. His wife survived him, and afterwards married Lieutenant-colonel W. M. Leake [q. v.], the classical topographer and numismatist. Marsden had written about 1828 an autobiography, which was edited and privately printed by his widow in 1838 as 'A Brief Memoir of. . . William Marsden,' London, 4to. The obituary of Marsden in the 'Gentleman's Magazine' for 1837 (pt. i. pp. 212-13) mentions a portrait of him drawn by S. Cousins in 1820, and engraved by him under the name of his master, Mr. Reynolds. Marsden's collection of oriental books and manuscripts he presented in 1835 to King's College, London.

Marsden's literary reputation was first assured in 1783 by the publication of his 'History of Sumatra,' a work bearing the peculiar impress of his mind, 'strong sense, truthfulness, and caution.' It was welcomed in the 'Quarterly Review' (lxiv. 99) by Southey as a model of descriptive composition, and was highly praised in other English periodicals (, Dict. Engl. Lit. s.v. 'Marsden'). His 'Dictionary and Grammar of the Malayan Language,' begun in 1786 and published in 18 12, added still further to his reputation, while the publication of his 'Numismata Orientalia ' in 1823-5 established his fame as a numismatist. The last-named valuable and original work describes Marsden's collection of oriental coins, at that time unique in England. The Cufic coins were purchased by Marsden in September 1805 of G. Miles, a coin-dealer, who had acquired them from Sir Robert Ainslie [q. v.] Marsden arranged and deciphered the specimens, and afterwards added other coins, chiefly Indian, to his cabinet. The whole collection was presented by him to the British Museum on 12 July 1834. It consists of about 3,447 oriental coins, including 618 specimens in gold and 1,228 in silver (manuscript note by E. Hawkins in copy of Num. Orient. in department of coins, British Museum).

Marsden's chief publications are : 1. 'The History of Sumatra,' London, 1783, 4to ; 2nd edit. 1784 ; 3rd edit. 1811, 4to ; German translation, Leipzig, 1785, 8vo ; French translation, 1788, 8vo. 2. 'A Catalogue of Dictionaries, Vocabularies, Grammars, and Alphabets,' 2 pts. London, 1796, 4to, privately printed (Martin, Priv. Printed Books). 3. 'A Dictionary of the Malayan Language ; to which is prefixed a Grammar, with an Introduction and Praxis,' 2 pts. London, 1812, 4to (a Dutch translation, Haarlem, 1825, 4to). 4. 'A Grammar of the Malayan Language,' London, 1812, 4to. 5. 'the Travels of Marco Polo,' translated from the Italian, with notes, 1818, 4to ; also 1847, 8vo, in Bonn's 'Antiquarian Library.' Colonel Yule, preface to 'Marco Polo,' i. p. viii, says that Marsden's edition must always be spoken of with respect, though much elucidatory matter has since come to light. 6. 'Numismata Orientalia Illustrata,' with plates, London, pt. i. 1823, pt, ii. 1825, 4to. 7. 'Bibliotheca Marsdeniana Philologica et Orientalis, a Catalogue of Works and Manuscripts collected with a view to the general comparison of Languages and to the study of Oriental Literature,' London, 1827, 4to. 8. 'Nakhoda Muda, Memoirs of a Malayan Family,' 1830, 8vo (Oriental Translation Fund). 9. 'Miscellaneous Works,' London, 1834, 4to (containing three tracts, on the Polynesian languages, on a conventional Roman alphabet applicable to Oriental languages, and on a national English dictionary). Marsden also contributed papers to periodicals, among which may be mentioned, 'The Era of the Mahometans,' in the 'Philosophical Transactions,' 1788, and one on the language and Indian origin of the gipsies, in the 'Archæologia,' vol. vii.  MARSDEN, WILLIAM (1796–1867), doctor of medicine, descended from a family of yeomen belonging to Cawthorne in Yorkshire, was born in August 1796 at Sheffield, where he spent the early years of his life.


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Rh "Oh!" cried the boy, and fell back a few paces into the arms of Hobson. He could say no more, nor could any of the rest. Silently Striker leaped from Oleson, who scrambled to his feet, and then came another crash, which set Larry's every nerve into a quiver.

"We're struck!" screamed a voice from outside. "On deck, men! on deck!"

"Struck!" gasped Larry. "Oh, I hope not!"

"Gosh, but that was a corker!" burst out Striker, regaining his breath. "Never heard quite sech a hard crack afore."

He darted out of the forecastle, and the others followed him. The lightning had left all behind it almost as dark as pitch, and no one could see where to go.

"Hold tight, or you'll be blowed overboard!" came from Hobson. "Where are we struck?" he yelled as hard as he could, in order to make himself heard above the whistling of the wind.

"The foremast is hit, and the bow's afire!" came in Tom Grandon's voice. "Quick, boys, out with the fire-hose and start up the pump. Remember, the oil pantry is close to the blaze!"

"The oil pantry! God be with us!" The words

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150 came from the Rev. Martin Wells. "Let me help at the work, mate; the sooner we put the fire out, the better."

"All right, sir," answered Grandon. "But have a care, or you'll roll overboard. See, men," he went on, "the mast is afire; that is, what is left of it. Hobson, Roddy, get the axes and chop it away. Striker, bring the hose around the mizzenmast and over to larboard. It's a wonder some of you men forward weren't knocked out. The poor captain's senseless. Oleson, help Striker with that hose, and you, too, Larry. Vincent, cut the ropes with a knife, or an axe, if you've got one. The rest of you screw the hose to the pump and turn on the water. I'll chop this woodwork away so you can get at the fire below." And crash! crash! went Tom Grandon's axe, as he worked away manfully, while the crew scurried off in all directions, to do as ordered.

Striker had already run for the hose, and soon several lengths were unreeled, and not only Larry and Oleson, but also the missionary, took hold to drag it forward. The larboard rail was just gained when the Columbia gave a sharp lurch, and down went the three men and the boy in the

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Rh. Oleson came on top of Larry, and took grim delight in planting the heel of his rough boot on the lad's neck.

"Get off of my neck, Oleson!" cried Larry, and then Striker hurled the Norwegian back and scrambled up. He had just reached for the rail, when, muttering some fierce imprecation in his native tongue, Oleson caught Striker by the leg and flung him over the side! For one second the Yankee sailor seemed to hang in mid-air, then with a wild cry he disappeared into the boiling waters beside the vessel.

"Striker!" gasped Larry. "He will be drowned! Hobson! Vincent! Mr. Grandon! Come here! Oleson has thrown—"

He was permitted to go no further, for the Norwegian had now turned and caught him by the throat. "You can a-go wid him!" hissed the infuriated rascal, and forced the alarmed boy over the rail. In vain Larry tried to cling fast; Oleson beat off his hold, and down he went into that same tempest-tossed element, out of sight and hearing of those who were hurrying to answer his call.

How far down into the depths of the China Sea

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152 Larry descended he never knew, but it was to him a long distance. Instinctively he closed his mouth and held his breath as he felt the warm currents shift and swirl around him. Was he being drawn down under the Columbia? Fervently he prayed not.

When he did come up, to puff and blow like a porpoise, all was dark around him. He was on the top of a huge wave; a second later he went down into a great hollow, the waves before and behind him seeming like hills ready to tumble in and plunge him out of existence. Again he prayed a silent prayer—yet none the less heard—that his life might be spared to him.

A minute later came another flash of lightning, revealing two things apart from the waste of water around him. One was the Columbia fast receding in the distance; the second was a life-preserver some thoughtful friend had thrown overboard after him.

"Gone!" he murmured, with a sinking heart. "Will they come back? Oh, they must come back! They won't desert Striker and me like this!"

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Marsden He came to London and entered at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, where he was brought under the influence of Abernethy, and at the same time he served an apprenticeship to Mr. Dale, a surgeon practising at the top of Holborn Hill. He obtained the membership of the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 27 April 1827. His inability later in that year to obtain the admission to a hospital of a girl of eighteen years, whom he accidentally found on the steps of St. Andrew's churchyard almost dead of disease and starvation, turned his attention to the question of hospital relief. Relief was then granted only to those who could obtain a governor's letter, or could produce other evidence of being known to subscribers to these institutions. This anomalous condition he sought to rectify by establishing in 1828 a small dispensary in Greville Street, Hatton Garden, to whose benefits the poor were admitted absolutely without formality. This institution at first met with great opposition; but in 1832 its value became widely recognised, owing to the fact that it alone, of all the London hospitals, received cholera patients. In 1843 the hospital was moved into Gray's Inn Road, to a site previously occupied by the light horse volunteers of the city of London, a site which was afterwards purchased by the beneficence of wealthy friends, and upon it was built the Royal Free Hospital, Dr. Marsden becoming its senior surgeon. In 1838 he obtained the degree of M.D. from the university of Erlangen. In 1840 a handsome testimonial was presented to him by the Duke of Cambridge, in the name of a numerous body of subscribers, who recognised the benefits his efforts had conferred upon the sick poor.

In 1851 Marsden opened a small house in Cannon Row, Westminster, for the reception of persons suffering from cancer. Within ten years the institution was moved to Brompton, where it exists in the imposing block of buildings known as the Cancer Hospital (with 120 beds), of which Marsden was also the senior surgeon. Marsden enjoyed a large practice, and throughout his life was a disciple of Abernethy, and followed his methods. Usually expectant in his treatment, he was sometimes so bold as to be heroic. He was a very acute observer. He died of bronchitis on 16 Jan. 1867, and was buried in Norwood cemetery. He was twice married, and had one son — Dr. Alexander Marsden (b. 1832) — by his first wife. After moving from Thavies' Inn he lived for many years at 65 Lincoln's Inn Fields.

Marsden published 'Symptoms and Treatment of Malignant Diarrhoea, better known by the name of Asiatic or Malignant Cholera,' 8vo, London, 1834; 2nd edit. 1848.

A full-length portrait of Marsden by T. H. Illidge [q. v.], painted in 1850, hangs in the board-room of the Royal Free Hospital. A full-length, attributed to H. W. Pickersgill, sen., exhibited in the Royal Academy in 1866, is at present in the board-room of the Cancer Hospital at Brompton.  MARSH. [See also .]  MARSH, ALPHONSO, the elder (1627–1681), musician, the son of Robert Marsh (died before 1662), one of the musicians in ordinary to Charles I, was born before 28 Jan. 1627. He was said by Wood to be a great songster and lutenist (Manuscript Lives). Marsh alternated with John Harding in singing the words of Pirrhus, a bass part in D'Avenant's 'Siege of Rhodes,' 1666 (, Popular Music, ii. 478). He was appointed gentleman of the Chapel Royal about 1661, and was present at the coronation of Charles II on 23 April in that year. He died on 9 April 1681. He married at St. Margaret's, Westminster, 8 Feb. 1647-8, Mary Cheston. His will, by which he left a clear third of his arrears of pay to his son Alphonso [q. v.], and the residue to his second wife Rebecca, was proved by the widow on 19 April. Marsh's printed songs are in John Playlord's collections: 1. Eight songs in 'Select Ayres and Dialogues,' bk. ii. 1669, pp. 60-4. 2. Five songs in 'Choice Songs and Ayres for one Voice to the Theorbo-lute,' bk. i. 1673, pp. 5-37 passim. 3. Three songs in 'Choice Ayres ... to sing to Theorbo-lute or Bass-viol,' bk. i. 1676, p. 84, and bk. ii. 1679, p. 34.  MARSH, ALPHONSO, the younger (1648?–1692), musician, the only son of Alphonso Marsh the elder [q. v.] by his first wife, was admitted gentleman 01 the Chapel Royal on 25 April 1676. He was present at the coronations of James II, 1685, and of William and Mary, 1689. He died on 5 April 1692, and was buried in the west cloister of Westminster Abbey. His principal creditor, Edward Bradock, of the Chapel


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Rh away, yet it was no easy task to secure it amid those mountainous waves. He struck out valiantly, guided by the flashes of lightning which followed. He was all but exhausted when he finally gained the article and adjusted it under his arms. With the preserver, floating was easy.

The seconds lengthened into minutes after that, and the minutes into hours, and still he floated aimlessly about, the sport of the wind and the waves. Sometimes a wave would break over, his head, almost knocking out of him the little breath that remained. The rain came down as hard as ever, but the lightning and thunder became less frequent, and finally died away altogether, leaving him to the utter blackness of the night.

It was a time never to be forgotten, a time stamped indelibly upon Larry Russell's memory, that lonely night on the China Sea, floating he knew not where, fearing that even if he kept afloat until daybreak no one would come to his rescue, but that he should continue to drift until hunger and thirst should claim him as their own. "Oh, God, help me!" he cried, not once but many times; yet only the whistling wind seemed to answer in mockery.

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text: Under Dewey at Manila/Chapter 15

title: Under Dewey at Manila/Chapter 15