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176 Only a cricket, under the warm clod near by, shrilled sturdily with cheerful forethought of drowsy hearth stones; only a lamb, timid of separation from the fold, called anxiously in the valley beyond the crest of the opposite hill; only the summoning whistle of a quail came sweet and clear from the depths of a neighboring thicket. Through all the air floated that spirit of vast loneliness which at seasons seems to steal like a human mood over the breast of the great earth and leave her estranged from her transitory children. At such an hour the heart takes wing for home, if any home it have; or when, if homeless, it feels the quick stir of that yearning for the evening fireside with its half-circle of trusted faces young and old, and its bonds of love and marriage, those deepest, most enchanting realities to the earthly imagination. The very landscape, barren and dead, but framing the simple picture of a home, spoke to the beholder the everlasting poetry of the race.

But Sister Dolorosa, standing on the brow of the hill whence the whole picture could be seen, yet saw nothing of it. Out of the western sky there streamed an indescribable splendor of many-hued light, and far into the depths of this celestial splendor her steadfast eyes were gazing.

She seemed caught up to some august height of holy meditation. Her motionless figure was so lightly poised that her feet, just visible beneath the hem of her heavy black dress, appeared all but rising from the dust of the path-way; her pure and gentle face was upturned, so that the dark veil fell away from her neck and shoulders; her lips were slightly parted; her breath came and went so imperceptibly that her hands did not appear to rise and fall as they clasped the cross to her


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Rh bosom, Exquisite hands they were—most exquisite—gleaming as white as lilies against the raven blackness of her dress; and with startling fitness of posture, the longest finger of the right hand pointed like a marble index straight towards a richly embroidered symbol over her left breast—the mournful symbol of a crimson heart pierced by a crimson spear. Whether attracted by the lily-white hands or by the red symbol, a butterfly, which had been flitting hither and thither in search of the gay races of the summer gone, now began to hover nearer, and finally lighted unseen upon the glowing spot. Then, as if disappointed not to find it the bosom of some rose, or lacking hope and strength for further quest—there it rested, slowly fanning with its white wings the tortured emblem of the divine despair.

Lower sank the sun, deeper and more wide-spread the splendor of the sky, more rapt and radiant the expression of her face. A painter of the angelic school, seeing her standing thus, might have named the scene the transfiguration of angelic womanhood. What but heavenly images should she be gazing on; or where was she in spirit but flown out of the earthly autumn fields and gone away to sainted vespers in the cloud-built realm of her own fantasies? Perhaps she was now entering yon vast cathedral of the skies, whose white spires touched blue eternity; or toiling devoutly up yon gray mount of Calvary, with its blackened crucifix falling from the summit.

Standing thus towards the close of the day, Sister Dolorosa had not yet passed out of that ideal time which is the clear white dawn of life. She was still within the dim, half-awakened region of womanhood,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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178 whose changing mists are beautiful illusions, whose shadows about the horizon are the mysteries of poetic feeling, whose purpling east is the palette of the imagination, and whose upspringing skylark is blithe aspiration that has not yet felt the weight of the clod it soars within. Before her still was the full morning of reality and the burden of the mid-day hours.

But if the history of any human soul could be perfectly known, who would wish to describe this passage from the dawn of the ideal to the morning of the real—this transition from life as it is imagined through hopes and dreams to life as it is known through action and submission? It is then that within the country of the soul occur events too vast, melancholy, and irreversible to be compared to anything less than the downfall of splendid dynasties, or the decay of an august religion, it is then that there leave us forever bright, aerial spirits of the fancy, separation from whom is like grief for the death of the beloved.

The moment of this transition had come in the life of Sister Dolorosa, and unconsciously she was taking her last look at the gorgeous western clouds from the hill-tops of her chaste life of dreams.

A flock of frightened doves sped hurtling low over her head, and put an end to her reverie. Pressing the rosary to her lips, she turned and walked on towards the convent, not far away. The little foot-path across the fields was well trodden and familiar, running as it did between the convent and the farm-house behind her in which lived old Ezra and Martha Cross; and as she followed its windings, her thoughts, as is likely to be true of the thoughts of nuns, came home from the clouds to the humblest concerns of the earth, and she


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Rh began to recall certain incidents of the visit from which she was returning.

The aged pair were well known to the Sisters. Their daughters had been educated at the convent; and, although these were married and scattered now, the tie then formed had since become more close through their age and loneliness. Of late word had come to the Mother Superior that old Martha was especially ailing, and Sister Dolorosa had several times been sent on visits of sympathy. For reasons better to be understood later on, these visits had had upon her the effect of an April shower on a thirsting rose. Her missions of mercy to the aged couple over, for a while the white taper of ideal consecration to the Church always burned in her bosom with clearer, steadier lustre, as though lit afresh from the Light eternal. But to-day she could not escape the conviction that these visits were becoming a source of disquietude; for the old couple, forgetting the restrictions which her vows put upon her very thoughts, had spoken of things which it was trying for her to hear—love-making, marriage, and children. In vain had she tried to turn away from the proffered share in such parental confidences. The old mother had even read aloud a letter from her eldest son, telling them of his approaching marriage and detailing the hope and despair of his wooing. With burning cheeks and down cast eyes Sister Dolorosa had listened till the close and then risen and quickly left the house.

The recollection of this returned to her now as she pursued her way along the foot-path which descended into the valley; and there came to her, she knew not whence or why, a piercing sense of her own separation from all but the divine love. The cold beauty of


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180 spirituality which had made her august as she stood on the hill-top died away, and her face assumed a tenderer, more appealing loveliness, as there crept over it, like a shadow over snow, that shy melancholy under which those women dwell who have renounced the great drama of the heart. She resolved to lay her trouble before the Mother Superior to-night, and ask that some other Sister be sent hereafter in her stead. And yet this resolution gave her no peace, but a throb of painful renunciation; and since she was used to the most scrupulous examination of her conscience, to detect the least presence of evil, she grew so disturbed by this state of her heart that she quite forgot the windings of the path-way along the edge of a field of corn, and was painfully startled when a wounded bird, lying on the ground a few feet in front of her, flapped its wings in a struggle to rise. Love and sympathy were the strongest principles of her nature, and with a little outcry she bent over and took it up; but scarce had she done so, when, with a final struggle, it died in her hand. A single drop of blood oozed out and stood on its burnished breast.

She studied it—delicate throat, silken wings, wounded bosom—in the helpless way of a woman, unwilling to put it down and leave it, yet more unwilling to take it away. Many a time, perhaps, she had watched this very one flying to and fro among its fellows in the convent elms. Strange that any one should be hunting in these fields, and she looked quickly this way and that. Then, with a surprised movement of the hands that caused her to drop the bird at her feet, Sister Dolorosa discovered, standing half hidden in the edge of the pale-yellow corn a few yards ahead, wearing a


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Rh -dress, and leaning on the muzzle of his gun, a young man who was steadfastly regarding her. For an instant they stood looking each into the other's face, taken so unprepared as to lose all sense of convention. Their meeting was as unforeseen as another far overhead, where two white clouds, long shepherded aimlessly and from opposite directions across the boundless pastures by the unreasoning winds, touched and melted into one. Then Sister Dolorosa, the first to regain self-possession, gathered her black veil closely about her face, and advancing with an easy, rapid step, bowed low with down cast eyes as she passed him, and hurried on towards the convent.

She had not gone far before she resolved to say nothing about the gossip to which she had listened. Of late the Mother Superior had seemed worn with secret care and touched with solicitude regarding her. Would it be kind to make this greater by complaining like a weak child of a trivial annoyance? She took her conscience proudly to task for ever having been disturbed by anything so unworthy. And as for this meeting in the field, even to mention that would be to give it a certain significance, whereas it had none what ever. A stranger had merely crossed her path a moment and then gone his way. She would forget the occurrence herself as soon as she could recover from her physical agitation.


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72 then edge of the sword must seal his doom. Oaths were given, and ancient gold heaped from hoard.—The hardy Scylding, battle-thane best, on his balefire lay. All on the pyre were plain to see the gory sark, the gilded swine-crest, boar of hard iron, and athelings many slain by the sword: at the slaughter they fell. It was Hildeburh’s hest, at Hnæf’s own pyre the bairn of her body on brands to lay, his bones to burn, on the balefire placed, at his uncle’s side. In sorrowful dirges be wept them the woman: great wailing ascended. Then wound up to welkin the wildest of death-fires, roared o’er the hillock: heads all were melted,


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Rh gashes burst, and blood gushed out from bites of the body. Balefire devoured, greediest spirit, those spared not by war out of either folk: their flower was gone.

Then hastened those heroes their home to see, friendless, to find the Frisian land, houses and high burg. Hengest still through the death-dyed winter dwelt with Finn, holding pact, yet of home he minded, though powerless his ring-decked prow to drive over the waters, now waves rolled fierce lashed by the winds, or winter locked them in icy fetters. Then fared another year to men’s dwellings, as yet they do, the sunbright skies, that their season ever duly await. Far off winter was driven; fair lay earth’s breast; and fain was the rover, the guest, to depart, though more gladly he pondered on wreaking his vengeance than roaming the deep, and how to hasten the hot encounter where sons of the Frisians were sure to be. So he escaped not the common doom, when Hun with “Lafing,” the light-of-battle, best of blades, his bosom pierced: its edge was famed with the Frisian earls.


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 опровергать (dur of опровергнуть) to disprove.

опровергнуть (pct of опровергать) to disprove. Он легко опроверг предъявленное ему обвинение. He easily disproved the accusation made against him.

опрокидывать (dur of опрокинуть) to tip over. Уберите отсюда эту лампу, я её всегда опрокидываю. Take away this lamp; I'm always tipping it over. • to down. Поглядите, как он опрокидывает одну рюмку водки за другой. Look at him downing one shot of vodka after another.

опрокинуть (pct of опрокидывать) to tip over, to upset. Волна опрокинула нашу лодку. The wave tipped our boat over. — Тут кто-то опрокинул ведро с водой. Someone upset a pail of water here. • to demolish, to destroy. Последние события опрокинули все ваши доводы. The latest events destroyed all your arguments.

опрятный neat. У них большая опрятная комната. They have a large, neat room. □ опрятно neatly. Она всегда опрятно одета. She's always neatly dressed.

опубликовать (pct of опубликовывать) to publish. По-моему, эти данные необходимо опубликовать. I think this information should be published. • to announce. Выигрыши были опубликованы вчера. The winning numbers were announced yesterday. • to make public. Это постановление было опубликовано месяц тому назад. This rule was made public a month ago.

опубликовывать (dur of опубликовать).

опускать (dur of опустить) to lower. Лучше не опускать штор. It's better not to lower the shades. □ *Не опускайте рук, всё ещё можно уладить. Don't give up in despair; everything can still be straightened out.

опустить (-пущу, -пустит; pct of опускать) to drop. Опустите письмо в ящик. Drop the letter in the mailbox, • to lower. Он опустил глаза и медлил с ответом. He lowered his eyes and took his time answering. • to omit, to leave out. Ну, эти мелочи можно было бы опустить. Well, these details could be omitted. □ *Что ты ходишь, как в воду опущенный? Why do you look so down in the mouth?

опустошение devastation.

опущу See опустить.

опыт experience. Для этой работы нам нужны люди с большим административным опытом. We need people with a lot of administrative experience for this work. — Я знаю это по собственному опыту. I know it from my own experience. — Наученный горьким опытом, он больше не прыгает с трамвая на ходу. Bitter experience taught him not to get off a moving streetcar. • experiment. Каковы результаты ваших опытов? What are the results of your experiments?

опытный experienced. Он очень опытный врач. He's a very experienced doctor. — Нам нужны опытные сварщики. We need experienced welders. — Тут сразу видна опытная руки. It's evident at a glance that this is the work of experienced hands. • expert. Опытный механик сумеет починить эту машину. An expert mechanic will know how to fix this machine. • experimental. Здесь устроена опытная станция. An experimental station was set up here. • old hand. Тут много опытных работников. There are many workers here who are old hands at this job.

опять again. Вот мы и опять дома! Here we are at home again! — Вы опять опоздали. You're late again.

оранжевый orange (color).

оратор speaker.

орган organ. Эта газета орган нашего профсоюза. This newspaper is the official organ of our union. □ органы государственной власти executive government agencies. органы чувств sensory organs. партийные органы party agencies. хозяйственные органы government economic agencies.

организатор organizer. Мы его ценим, как хорошего организатора. We value him as a good organizer.

организационный organizational.

организация organization. При хорошей организации мы могли бы сделать это гораздо скорее. If we had had good organization we'd have finished this work much sooner. □ партийная организация party organization. хозяйственная организация economic organization. □ На организацию дела ушло очень много времени. It took a great deal of time to organize the thing.

организованный (ppp of организовать) organized. Все наша рабочие организованы в профсоюзы. All of our workers are organized into labor unions. — У нас на заводе работа хорошо организована. The work is well organized in our factory. — Его время очень хорошо организовано. His time is well organized. □ организованно in an organized way. Это надо делать организованно. This has to be done in an organized way.

организовать (/pr forms both dur and pct/; pct of организовывать) to organize. Летом мы часто организуем экскурсии. We often organize excursions in the summer. — Мы решили организовать театральный кружок. We decided to organize a theatrical group.

организовывать (dur of организовать).

оргбюро (indecl N) orgbureau (See Appendix 4).

орден (P -а, -ов) order. Молодой лётчик был награждён орденом славы первой степени. The yovmg pilot was awarded the Order of Glory, first grade. □ Орден Красного Знамени Order of the Red Banner. Орден Ленина Order of Lenin.

ордер (P -а, -ов) coupon. Ей видали ордер на ботинки. She was issued a shoe coupon. • certificate. Я получил ордер на квартиру в новом доме. I received a certificate entitling me to an apartment in the new house.

орёл (орла) eagle. Вы когда-нибудь видели живого орла? Did you ever see a real live eagle? □ Орёл или решка? Heads or tails?

орех nut. Слушайте, эти орехи все гнилые. Look here, all these nuts are rotten. • walnut. Это простой сосновый шкаф, но он разделан под орех. The wardrobe is plain pine but has a walnut finish. □ грецкий орех walnut. Грецкие орехи гораздо дороже лесных. Walnuts are much more expensive than hazel nuts. □ *И разделала же она его под орех! She bawled him out good and proper. • *Ну смотрите, будет вам на орехи. Watch out, you're going to get it good.

оригинал original. Оригинал этой картины находится в Эрмитаже. The original of this picture is in the Hermitage. • character. Ваш приятель большой оригинал. Your friend is quite a character.

ориентировать (both dur and pct).

-ся to get one's bearings. Вы ещё плохо ориентируетесь в нашем городе? Do you still have trouble getting your bearings in our town? □ Пусть он нас ведёт, он хорошо ориентируется. Let him


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136 obovate or obovate-oblong or elliptic-oblong, rarely oblong- or elliptic-lanceolate, narrowed into a short stout petiole, acute or subacute, remotely and often obscurely sinuate-serrate. Racemes 2–4 in. long, always much shorter than the leaves. Flowers much as in Q. serrata, but filaments usually shorter, Capsule slightly larger.—Q. serrata. var. b, ''Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 59; Kirk, Forest Fl.'' t. 125, f. 6, 7.

A small glabrous tree. Leaves opposite, alternate or whorled, exstipulate. Flowers white, in terminal panicles. Calyx-tube short, adnate to the base of the ovary; lobes 5, imbricate, deciduous. Petals 5, inserted beneath a 5-lobed disc, obovate, clawed, imbricate. Stamens 5, alternating with the lobes of the disc; filaments filiform. Ovary superior, conical, 5-lobed, 5-celled, narrowed into a subulate twisted 5-furrowed style; stigma acute; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral. Capsule coriaceous, broadly ovoid, 5-celled, loculicidally 5-valved; valves extending through the style, ultimately recurved, cohering below, 2-partite above. Seeds large, oblong, compressed, shining; funicle thick; embryo large; albumen very scanty.

1. I. brexioides, A. Cunn. Precur. n. 580.—A small branching tree 20–50 ft. high, rarely more, with a trunk 1–2 ft. diam. Leaves 3–6 in. long, ⅓–1 in. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, coriaceous, glabrous, acute or subacute, obtusely serrate; teeth tipped by a gland. Flowers large, 1–1½ in. diam.; pedicels jointed, silky. Calyx-lobes broadly ovate, silky. Capsule ¾ in. diam.—''Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 577, 578; Raoul, Choix, 44; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 82; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 59; Kirk, Forest Fl. t. 48; Students' Fl.'' 138.

A shrub or small tree. Leaves alternate, petiolate, exstipulate. Flowers small, white, in axillary and terminal cymose panicles.


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Carpodetus.] Calyx-tube turbinate, adnate to the ovary; lobes 5–6, small, deciduous. Petals 5–6, inserted under the margin of an epigynous disc, spreading, valvate. Stamens 5–6, inserted with the petals; filaments shore, subulate; anthers oblong. Ovary inferior with a free rounded summit, 3–5-celled; style slender; stigma capitate; ovules numerous. Fruit globose, almost fleshy, indehiscent, girt round the middle by the cicatrix of the calyx-limb, 3–5-celled. Seeds numerous, small, pendulous; testa coriaceous, pitted; embryo very small; albumen fleshy.

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in New Zealand.

1. C. serratus, ''Forst. Char. Gen.'' 34, t. 17—A shrub or small tree 15–30 ft. high, with a trunk 6–9 in. diam.; branches often flattened, spreading; young twigs, leaves, petioles, and inflorescence more or less pubescent. Leaves 1–2 in. long, ovate-oblong or elliptical, acute or obtuse, sharply and coarsely serrate, narrowed into a petiole ¼–½ in. long; in young plants often panduriform or irregularly lobed. Panicles broad, many-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Flowers $1⁄5$ in. diam., white, very abundantly produced. Capsule about the size of a small pea, black and shining when fully ripe.—''A. Rich. Fl. Nouv. Zel. 366; A. Cunn. Precur. n. 575; Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 564; Raoul, Choix, 50; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 78; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 59; Kirk, Forest Fl. t. 47; Students' Fl.'' 138.

Small trees. Leaves opposite, pinnate, stipulate. Flowers small, unisexual, in compound panicles. Calyx-tube short, lobes 5, ovate-triangular, persistent, valvate. Petals 5, inserted under the margin of a perigynous disc, scarcely longer than the calyx. Stamens 10, inserted with the petals; filaments filiform, the alternate ones longer; anthers didymous. Ovary free, 2-celled; styles 2, persistent; ovules numerous in each cell. Capsule small, coriaceous, turgid, 2-celled, septicidally 2-valved. Seeds ovoid, apiculate, hairy; embryo cylindric, in the axis of fleshy albumen.

1. A. rosæfolia, A. Cunn. Precur. n. 520.—A handsome small tree 20–40 ft. high, with a trunk 1–2 ft. diam.; branchlets, leaves, petioles, and inflorescence more or less covered with short brownish


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148

Erect or procumbent branching wiry herbs, sometimes almost woody at the base. Leaves opposite or alternate, entire or toothed or lobed. Flowers unisexual or hermaphrodite, minute, axillary, solitary or clustered, often spicate or racemose. Calyx-tube 4–8-angled or winged; lobes 4, erect, persistent. Petals 4, cucullate, acute, coriaceous, often wanting in the female flowers. Stamens 4–8, filaments usually short. Ovary 2–4-celled; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous; styles short, stigmas usually plumose in the female flowers. Fruit a small dry 2–4-celled 2–4-seeded nut, sometimes 1-celled and 1-seeded by abortion; the adnate calyx-tube either smooth, ribbed, or muricate.

1. H. alata, Jacq. Misc. ii. 332.—A coarse erect or suberect branching herb 1–3 ft. high; stems sharply 4-angled, minutely scabrid. Leaves opposite, petiolate, very variable in size, ½–3in. long, ovate-lanceolate to oblong, coarsely and sharply serrate, acute or acuminate. Flowers minute, solitary or clustered, in leafy racemes terminating the branches; pedicels short, curved, drooping. Calyx-tube 4-angled; lobes small, broad. Petals twice as long as the calyx-lobes. Stamens 8. Fruit rather small, $1⁄10$ in. long, ovoid, with 4 ribs more or less dilated into wings; interspaces smooth or rugose.—''Forst. Prodr. n. 180; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 62; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 65; Benth. Fl. Austral.'' ii. 479; Kirk, Students' Fl. 148. Cercodia erecta, ''Murr. in Comm. Gotting.'' iii. (1780) 3, t. 1. C. alternifolia, ''A. Cunn. Precur.'' n. 527.


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 No. 8.

State Charities Aid Association

BY

MISS OCTAVIA HILL.

Price, 25 Cents.

TO BE OBTAINED AT THE OFFICE OF THE ASSOCIATION.

NEW YORK. 1875.

title: Page:Homes of the London Poor.djvu/5


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Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/367

 * Admiralty Court, England—. :Registrar, examiner, and officers in
 * 3 & 4 Vict. c. 66.
 * 6 & 7 Vict.c.38.8. 13, &c.
 * 17 & 18 Vict. c. 78.
 * 17 & 18 Vict. c. 94.
 * 22 Vict. c. 26.
 * 24 & 25 Vict. c. 10.
 * 32 & 33 Vict. c. 91.
 * 36 & 37 Vict. c. 66. s. 77.
 * 36 & 37 Vict. c. 88. s. 20.
 * 38 & 39 Vict. c. 77. 8. 8.
 * Commissioners for taking oaths and affidavits in
 * 17 & 18 Vict. c. 78.
 * Transfer to, of causes from county court
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 71. ss. 6, 7.
 * Appeal to, from county court, in Admiralty cases
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 71. s. 26, &c.
 * 38 & 39 Vict. c. 60. s. 11.
 * Appeal from, to Privy Council. See.
 * Appeal from, on decision of county court appeal
 * 38 & 39 Vict. c. 60. s. 10.
 * but see
 * 36 & 37 Vict. c. 66. s. 18.
 * Appeal from, to Court of Appeal
 * 36 & 37 Vict c. 66. ss. 18, 19.
 * Merger of, in Supreme Court; transfer of judge, jurisdiction, and officers ; constitution and powers of Probate, Divorce, and Admiralty Division of High Court of Justice.
 * See.
 * Saving and application to Probate, &c. Division of rules and orders of
 * 38 & 39 Vict. c. 77. s. 18.
 * See also ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (Duties);.

 * Continuance of, until regulated by Parliament
 * 6 Ann. c. 11.
 * Jurisdiction of, transferred to Court of Session
 * 11 Geo. 4. & 1 Will 4. c. 69.
 * See also.
 * See also.

 * Provision for establishment of
 * 39 & 40 Geo. 3. c. 67.
 * Constitution, judge, officers, and powers of, and appeal from (see also (Members))
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 114.
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 67. ss. 9, 23, 34.
 * Practitioners before
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 114. s. 25.
 * Jurisdiction of, as to salvage, towage, damage by ships, claims for building, equipping, supplying necessaries to ships, wages, and disbursements of seamen, liability of shipowners
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 114. ss. 27–47.
 * Jurisdiction of, as to ownership, earnings, mortgages, sale, and transfer of ships
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 114. ss. 32-36.
 * Jurisdiction of, as to damages to cargo by negligence of master, &c.
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 114. s. 37.
 * 39 & 40 Vict. c. 28. s. 16.
 * Jurisdiction of, as to offences against, and ships detained under. Foreign Enlistment Act
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 90.
 * Jurisdiction of, as to agreements for hire, &c. of ships, or carriage of goods, and claims in tort as to goods carried
 * 39 & 40 Vict. c. 28. s. 16.
 * Practice and procedure, and evidence in
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 114. ss. 48–72.
 * Assessors in, and in local courts
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 114. s. 73.
 * 39 & 40 Vict. c. 28. s. 8.
 * Jurisdiction of recorders of Cork and Belfast, and other local courts
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 114. ss. 2, 74-86.
 * 39 & 40 Vict. c. 28.
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 66. s. 49.
 * Appeals from local and principal courts
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 114. ss. 87–111.
 * 39 & 40 Vict. c. 28. s. 14.
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 67. ss. 9, 23.
 * Fees, payable by stamps
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 114. ss. 112-124.
 * 39 & 40 Vict. c. 28. s. 7.
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 66. s. 49.
 * Provision for union of, with Supreme Court of Judicature, and transfer of jurisdiction of, to High Court of Justice, and exercise of jurisdiction by judge of Probate, &c. Division
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 67. 88. 9, 34.
 * Appeal from, to Court of Appeal
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 67. ss. 9, 23.
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 67. ss. 9, 23.

 * See ; ;.
 * See ; ;.

 * In actions in High Court of Justice
 * (E.) 38 & 39 Vict. c. 77- s. 16. sch. 1. ord. xxxii.
 * See also ;.
 * See also ;.


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 ''For the old Gods came to an end long ago. And verily it was a good and joyful end of Gods!''

''They did not die lingering in the twilight although that lie is told! On the contrary, they once upon a time laughed themselves to death!''

That came to pass when, by a God himself, the most ungodly word was uttered, the word: "There is but one God!. Thou shalt have no other Gods before me"

An old grim beard of a God, a jealous one, forgot himself thus.

''And then all Gods laughed and shook on their chairs and cried: "Is Godliness not just that there are Gods, but no God?" ''

Whoever hath ears let him hear.
 * "Thus Spake Zarathrustra" Author:Friedrich Nietzsche


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viii


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LAIN speaking is necessary in any discussion of religion, for if the freethinker attacks the religious dogmas with hesitation, the orthodox believer assumes that it is with regret that the freethinker would remove the crutch that supports the orthodox. And all religious beliefs are "crutches" hindering the free locomotive efforts of an advancing humanity. There are no problems related to human progress and happiness in this age which any theology can solve, and which the teachings of freethought cannot do better and without the aid of encumbrances.

Havelock Ellis has stated that, "The man who has never wrestled with his early faith, the faith that he was brought up with and that yet is not truly his own — for no faith is our own that we have not arduously won — has missed not only a moral but an intellectual discipline. The absence of that discipline may mark a man for life and render all his work ineffective. He has missed a training in criticism, in analysis, in open-mindedness, in the resolutely impersonal treatment of personal problems, which no other training can compensate. He is, for the most part, condemned to live in a mental jungle where his arm will soon be too feeble to clear away the growths that enclose him, and his eyes too weak to find the light." The man who has allowed his mental capacities to clear his way through the dense underbrush of religious dogma finds that he has emerged into a purer and healthier atmosphere.


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X In the bright light of this mental emancipation a man perceives the falsities of all religions in their historic, scientific, and metaphysical aspects. The healthier mental viewpoint holds up to scorn and discards the reactionary religious philosophy of morals, and the sum total of his conclusions must be that religion is doomed; and doomed in this modern day by its absolute irrelevance to the needs and interests of modern life. And this not only by the steadily increasing army of freethinkers, but by the indifference and neglect of those who still cling to the fast slipping folds of religious creeds — the future freethinkers.

It was Spinoza who remarked that, "The proper study of a wise man is not how to die but how to live." Religious creeds can but teach how man should live, so that when he dies, he may be assured of salvation; and the important thing is not what he does to help his fellow men while he is living, but how closely he lives in conformity to a reactionary code of dogmas. Religion has always aimed to smooth the sufferer's passage to the next world, not to save him for this world.

Freethought has dethroned the gods from the pedestal, and has replaced, not an empty idol, but an ideal, the ideal of a man who is his own god.

It has become increasingly apparent that what men have hitherto attributed to the gods are nothing but the ideals they value and grope for in themselves. The ideal of the freethinker, the conception that places the supreme worth of human life in the expanding horizon of man's usefulness to man, is forever menaced by the supernaturalism of the theist which manifests itself in the multifarious religious sects that are the most active and constant menace to civilization and to mankind today. That religion in the past has produced suffering incalculable and has been the greatest obstacle in the advance of


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Rh secular knowledge is a fact too well attested to by history to be denied by any sincere and unbiased intelligent man. That today it constitutes a cultural lag, an active menace to the best interests of humanity and the last refuge of human savagery, is the contention of the freethinker.

The conception of the God-idea as held by society in general stands in. the same positron as the vermiform appendix does to the anatomy of man. It may have been useful in some way thousands of years ago, but today it constitutes a detriment to the well-being of the individual without offering any compensatory usefulness. Agree or disagree with this contention you may, but only when you are made aware of the facts that can be brought to the aid of this conviction. Just as the fundamental principle of justice is outraged when a man or an institution is condemned by jurist or popular opinion when an opportunity is not given to present the facts on both aspects of the case, just so is no man justified in making a decision between theism and atheism until, he. becomes acquainted with both sides of the controversy. Freethought but asks a hearing and the exercise of the unbiased reason of the man who has not hitherto been made aware of its contentions.

In the religious revolution of this twentieth century, the battle ground is squarely seen to be between supernaturalism and secularism. Although the supernaturalists are well entrenched and fortified, it is well to remember that it is the man with vision who finally prevails. The time has passed when the freethinker could be held up to the community as an example, of a base and degraded individual. No manner of pulpit drivel can delude even the unthinking masses to this misconception. The freethinker is today the one who beholds the vision, and this vision does not transcend the natural. It is a vision that is earth-bound; a vision


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Xii it may be called, since it leaps the boundary of the present and infers for him what the future of a secular organization of the entire constituency of humanity will bring forth. This vision is but a product of his scientific armamentarium and is the means by which he is assured of victory over the well-entrenched and fortified position of the supernaturalists who are still creed-bound to use antiquated and useless weapons. The supernaturalist's armamentarium 'of God, Bible, Heaven, Hell, Soul, Immortality, Sin, The Fall and Redemption of Man, Prayer, Creed, and Dogma, leave as much impression on the mind of intelligent man as would an arrow against a battleship. And the comparison is apt, the supernaturalists have made full use of force, be it in physical warfare or in mental coercion. The freethinker has as much use for physical force and war as he has for mental coercion; both are abhorrent to him.

Supernaiuralism vs. Secularism — that, and that alone is the field of argument. The supernaturalist, be he the fundamentalist of whatever denomination, or the more advanced modernist, is as tenaciously clinging to the transcendental, to revelation, to the infallibility of the Bible, if not in all respects at least in some (although this is a contradiction per se), to the interdisposition of a deity in the affairs of mankind, as were his ancestors of five hundred years ago. In these aspects as well as in the armamentarium enumerated above, the supernaturalists are agreed and are making their last stand.

The secularists, the opinion of the theists to the contrary, are also agreed. It matters not what a man calls his mental process; be he infidel, sceptic, rationalist, agnostic, or atheist; he is firm in the conviction that religions of all varieties are rapidly sinking into the limbo of all other ancient superstitions. To him it is but a matter of time for the inevitable crumbling and


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Rh of these superstitions, and the time involved is directly proportional to the ease and rapidity with which scientific knowledge is disseminated to men who have the mental capacity to understand the value of this knowledge and its utter destruction of all forms of supernaturalism. When man becomes fully cognizant of the fact that all the knowledge acquired by the human race has been the result of human inquiry, the result of reasoning processes, and the exercise of mind alone, then secularism will have overcome the long night of supernaturalism. And it is this mental attitude of securalism that proceeds with an ever accelerated rapidity to overcome the problems that confront humanity by substituting human inquiry for divine revelation. Thus this attitude of man to proceed through life dependent only on his own resources will expand and strengthen his mentality by doing away with the inferiority complex of the God-idea. This vision of man, the master of his own destinies, the searcher for truth and the shaper of a better life for the only existence that he knows anything about, this reliance of man upon man, and without the supposed interference of any god, constitutes atheism in its broadest and true sense.

Science and reason, the constituents of secularism, are the mortal enemies of supernaturalism. Secularism, however, is at a disadvantage at this stage of our mental development, since it is approached only by the calm light of the intellect. And intellect can but make an appeal to reason. If the seeds of these appeals fall on the fertile minds of mentally advanced humanity, they will flourish; if they fall on the barren ground of creed-bound minds, they take no root. Recognition of facts and honest deductions are not natural to the human mind. As far as religious matters are concerned, the vast majority of men have not reached a mental


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xiv ; they are still in the infantile state where they have not as yet learned that the sequences of events are not to be interrupted by their desires. The easier path lies in the giving way to the unstable emotions. The primitive instincts are for emotion and for loose imaginings, and these are the provinces of supernaturalism.

Supernaturalism arouses the stupid interests and the brutish passions, and from these are born the bitter fruits of ignorance and hatred. The secularist is one in whom the intellect is passionate, and the passions cold. The supernaturalist on the other hand reverses the order, and in him the passions are active and the intellect inert. In each man there dwells, a tyrant who creates for him a deity materialized out of these factors of ignorance and fear, ft is science and reason which must destroy for him this monstrous apparition. But, as yet, there is no indication that our mental development in relation to social progress has made the great strides that our purely material progress has made. The twentieth century man utilizes and enjoys the material benefits of his century, but his mental progress lies bound and drugged by the viewpoints of 2000 years ago.

Sir Leslie Stephen has declared, "How much intellect and zeal runs to waste in the spasmodic efforts of good men to cling to the last fragment of decaying systems, to galvanize dead formulæ into some dim semblance of life! Society will not improve as it might when those who should be leaders of progress are staggering backward and forward with their eyes passionately reverted to the past. Nay, we shall never be duly sensitive to the miseries and cruelties which make the world a place of torture for so many, so long as men are encouraged in the name of religion to look for a remedy, not in fighting against surrounding evils, but in cultivating aimless contemplations of an imaginary ideal. Much of


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Rh our popular religion seems to be expressly directed to deaden our sympathies with our fellow men by encouraging an indolent optimism; our thoughts of the other world are used in many forms as an opiate to drug our minds with indifference to the evils of this; and the last word of half of our preachers is, 'dream rather than work.'"

There is always a great deal of discrepancy between that which is best for the gods and that which is best for the individual and for society in general. One cannot serve man perfectly and the traditional gods as well. It is, therefore, the contention of freethinkers that if man had given to the service of man all that he had given to the gods in the past, our present stage of civilization would be much in advance of where it is today.

If there is anything in the discussion to follow that may seem irreverent to the reader, the author wishes to call attention that he has but presented well substantiated facts. It is not only his opinion that he is voicing, but it is the facts as he has found them recorded in the researches of numerous sincere men; Finally, it is the conviction of all freethinkers that, as Professor James H. Leuba has stated, "It is, furthermore, essential to intellectual and moral advances that the beliefs that come into existence should have free play. Antagonistic beliefs must have the chance of proving their worth in open contest. It is this way scientific theories are tested, and in this way also, religious and ethical conceptions should be tried. But a fair struggle cannot take place when people are dissuaded from seeking knowledge, or when knowledge is hidden."

The cultivation of the intellect is a duty that is imposed on all men. Even those who still cling to the dying beliefs must admit the force of what Winwood Reade said, "To cultivate the intellect is therefore a religious


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xvi duty; and when this truth is fairly recognized by men, the religion which teaches that the intellect should be distrusted and that it should be subservient to faith, will inevitably fall." When the principles of freethought shall have dispelled the intellectual cloud of the God-idea and the vanishing dream of a heaven which has too long drawn men's eyes away from this earth, then, and then only, will these words of Cicero have widespread meaning: "Men were born for the sake of men, that each should assist the others."


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 THE NECESSITY OF ATHEISM


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 ;
 * Of coffee
 * (E. S.) 6 Geo. 1. c. 11. s. 23.
 * (E. S.)11 Geo. 1. c. 30.
 * (E. S.) 43 Geo. 3. c. 129. 8. 5.
 * Of tea, and powers of excise officers
 * (E. S.) 11 Geo. 1. c. 30.
 * (E. S.) 4 Geo. 2. c. 14.
 * (E. S.) 17 Geo. 3. c. 29.
 * 38 & 39 Vict. c. 63. ss. 30–32.
 * Of hops
 * 7 Geo. 2. c. 19.
 * Of beer and porter, and seizure of materials by excise officers
 * 66 Geo. 3. c. 58.
 * 25 & 26 Vict. c. 22. s. 20.
 * 27 & 28 Vict. c. 56. s. 10.
 * Destruction of adulterated goods by Commissioners of Excise
 * 4 & 5 Will. 4. c. 51. s. 13.
 * Of bread, corn, flour, or meal
 * (E. S.) 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 37.
 * Of seeds
 * 32 & 33 Vict. c. 112.
 * Of food, drink, drugs, and medicine; appointment and powers of analysts, and proceedings to obtain analysis ; powers of medical officers of health, inspectors of nuisances, weights and measures, and markets, and police constables
 * 38 & 39 Vict. c. 63.
 * See also.

 * Of bread, corn, meal, flour, &c.
 * 1 & 2 Vict. c. 28.
 * Of Wine by licensed retailer
 * 23 & 24 Vict. c. 107. s. 31.
 * Of butter, to increase weight
 * 25 & 26 Vict. c. 76. s. 15.
 * Of wool, to increase weight
 * 25 & 26 Vict. c. 76. s. 16.
 * See also ; and ;
 * See also ; and ;

 * See ; : (Traffic).
 * See ; : (Traffic).

 * Admitted to practise as barrister
 * (E.) 20 & 21 Vict. c. 77. s. 41.
 * See also.
 * See also.

 * See ;  (Duties).
 * See ;  (Duties).

 * Discharging of, for sums within 200 marks
 * 20 Geo. 2. c. 43. s. 38.
 * Abolition of, with substitution of appeal
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 100.
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 100.

 * Remedies for usurpation of
 * 13 Edw. 1. (Stat. West sec.) c. 5.
 * 7 Ann. c. 18.
 * Conveyance and dense of, by Roman Catholics (see also )
 * 11 Geo. 2. c. 17.
 * Sale of, by municipal corporations, and application of proceeds
 * 5 & 6 Will.4. c. 76. s. 139.
 * 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 104. s. 3.
 * 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 77. 8. 26.
 * 1 & 2 Vict. c. 31.
 * Sale of, by spiritual persons restricted
 * 3 & 4 Vict. c. 113. s. 42
 * 9 & 10 Vict. c. 88.
 * Exchange of, belonging to any person or body corporate, for benefit of ill-endowed parishes
 * 3 & 4 Vict. c. 113. s. 73.
 * 4 & 5 Vict. c. 39. s. 22.
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 114. s. 12.
 * Transfer of, belonging to any person or body corporate
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 39.
 * Exchange of, belonging to ecclesiastical or other corporation, college, or hospital
 * 16 & 17 Vict. c. 50.
 * 23 & 24 Vict. c. 124. s. 42.
 * Sale of, belonging to parishioners, &c., and application of proceeds to building parsonage or schools, augmenting living, &c.
 * 19 & 20 Vict. c. 50.
 * Sale of, in gift of Lord Chancellor, and augmentation of living out of proceeds
 * 26 & 27 Vict. c. 120.
 * Sale of, in gift of Greenwich Hospital.
 * See.
 * Sale of, in gift of universities, colleges, &c.
 * See ;.
 * See also ;, 2 (d);  (13); ;  (Land) ;.
 * See also ;, 2 (d);  (13); ;  (Land) ;.

 * See ;  (8).
 * See ;  (8).

 * Commissioners for taking, for English Common Law Courts
 * in England
 * 29 Cha. 2. c. 5.
 * in Scotland and Ireland
 * 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 42. s. 42.
 * in London, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands
 * 22 Vict. c. 16.
 * Comissioners for taking, for Supreme Court of Judicature, England
 * 36 & 37 Vict. c. 66. s. 84.
 * 36 & 37 Vict. c. 66. s. 84.


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22 It necessarily follows that the age of our present civilization is by no means that which the Bible stipulates, but is merely an atom in the vast space-time of this earth. The reason for this disparity is that with the development of the mind of man throughout the ages there was conceived also his self-made religious systems, based on a subjective interpretation of the universe, and not on an objective one, devoid of emotional bias.

"Primitive man did not understand the natural cause of shadows, echoes, the birth and death of vegetable and animal .organisms. Of this ignorance religion was born, and theology was evolved as its art of expression." (Draper.)

Our story takes us back some twelve thousand years to neolithic man. Squatting in his rude hovel or gloomy cave, he listens to the sounds of a storm without. The howling of the wind, the flashes of lightning, and crashing of thunder give rise to that elemental emotion — fear. Fear was always with him, as he thought of the huge stones that fell and crushed him, and the beasts which were so eager to devour him. All things about him seemed to conspire for his death: the wind, lightning, thunder, rain and storm, as well as the beasts and falling trees; for in his mind he did not differentiate animate from inanimate objects. Slowly, through his groping mind there evolved the thought, due to past experience, that he could not contend with these things by physical force, but must subdue them with magic; his magic consisted of the beating of crude drum-like instruments, dances, and the mumbling of words.

Upon falling asleep he dreams, and awakening, he finds that he is still in the same place where he had lain the night before. Yet, he is certain that during the night he had traveled to his favorite wood and killed an animal whose tender flesh he was still savoring. Since the


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CHAPTER I

THE EVOLUTION OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS ''To early man, the gods were real in the same sense that the mountains, forests, or waterfalls which were thought to be their homes were real. For a long time the spirits that lived in drugs or wines and made them potent were believed to be of the same order of fact as the potency itself. But the human creature is curious and curiosity is bold. Hence, the discovery that a reported god may be a myth.'' Author:Max Carl Otto. THE geologists estimate that the age of the earth is somewhere between 80 and 800 millions of years; that the Neanderthal race existed for more than 200,000 years; that between 40,000 and 25,000 years ago, as the Fourth Glacial Period softened towards more temperate conditions, a different human type came upon the scene and exterminated Homo Neanderthalensis. These first "true men" descended from some more ape-like progenitors and are classed by ethnologists with the same species as ourselves, and with all human races subsequent to them under one common, specific term, Homo Sapiens.

The age of cultivation began with the neolithic phase of human affairs about 10,000 or 12,000 years ago; about 6000 or 7000 years ago men began to gather into the first towns and to develop something more than the loose-knit tribes which had hitherto been their highest political organization. Altogether, there, must have elapsed about 500,000 years from the earliest ape-like human stage of life on this planet to the present time. 21


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Rh of a dream was as yet foreign to him, the logical conclusion he arrived at was that he had both a body and a spirit. If he possessed a body and a spirit, then all things about him, he reasoned, must likewise possess a similar spirit. Some spirits, he felt, were friendly; some, hostile to him. The hostile spirits were to be feared; but that powerful factor 'hope," had at last entered into his mind, and he hoped to be able to win them over to the camp of friendly spirits.

In this manner, man passed from the stage of contending against the spirits to one of placating them. It was believed that certain men carried more favor with the spirits than others, and these became the original priests, called the "Shamans."

Another expedient for warding off evil spirits was by means of the fetish. The primitive fetish was an object containing an active friendly spirit, which, if worn by the individual, protected him from the evil spirits. In a short while the manufacture of fetishes became a sacred profession, and the men who were thought to fashion the best ones became the professional holy men of the period, the priests.

At first, idols were used to drive away the evil spirits, and then, the conception changed to one of attracting the good spirits to man. From the individual fetish man passed to tribal ones, which in their first form were huge boulders and trees.

As the primitive mind gained cunning, it slyly smeared the surface of the idol with oily substances, hoping that the spirit, like some wild beast, would come and lick, be gratified, and remain in the idol. When some favorable signs denoted that a good spirit had entered into the idol, it was regularly smeared with oils and then blood, in the hope that the spirit would be pleased sufficiently to remain there permanently. As time went on, it became a


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 * Affidavit— :Commissioners for taking, for Ecclesiastical Courts, England
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 26. s. 18.
 * Commissioners for taking in Great Britain for Irish Courts
 * 56 Geo. 3. c. 167.
 * Taking of, by diplomatic and consular officers abroad
 * 6 Geo. 4. c. 87.
 * 18 & 19 Vict. c. 42.
 * Taking of, for registry of deed or will
 * (E.) 16 & 17 Vict. c. 78.
 * Register of commissioners for taking
 * (E.) 23 & 24 Vict. c. 127.
 * Commissioners for taking, in any court whose jurisdiction is transferred to High Court of Justice, to be commissioners for taking in all matters in High Court of Justice and Court of Appeal
 * (E.) 36 & 37 Vict. c. 66. s. 82.
 * By justice, where decision reviewed.
 * See, 4 (b).
 * See also ; ; and under head of other Courts; (Demise);  ;  (County).

 * Taking, and answers, &c., in Great Britain and Channel Islands for Irish Courts
 * 55 Geo. 3. c. 157.
 * 35 & 36 Vict. c. 76.
 * Taking, and answers, &c. in foreign states for Common Law Courts
 * 16 & 17 Vict. c. 113. s. 36.
 * Taking, and answers, &c. in Great Britain, Channel Islands, Isle of Man, colonies, and foreign states for Chancery Court
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 44. ss. 78, 81, &c.
 * Taking, and answers, &c. for Admiralty Court
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 114.
 * Taking, and answers, &c. for Matrimonial Court
 * 34 & 35 Vict. c. 49. ss. 13, 17.
 * Taking, and answers, &c. for Bankruptcy Court
 * 20 & 21 Vict. c. 60. s. 366.
 * 35 & 36 Vict. c. 58. s. 15.
 * Taking, and answers, &c. for Supreme Court of Judicature
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 67. s. 74.
 * Taking and answers, &c. for purpose of registering deeds, and acknowledgements for purpose of enrolment of deeds
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 67. s. 74.
 * Taking and answers, &c. in county and county of city of Dublin for Common Law Courts
 * 35 & 36 Vict. c. 76. s. 6, &c.
 * Commissioners for taking, in any court whose jurisdiction is transferred to High Court of Justice, to be commissioners for taking in all matters in High Court of Justice and Court of Appeal
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 57. s. 72.
 * See also ; and ;
 * See also ; and ;

 * In lieu of oath by Quakers and Moravians (see also )
 * 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 49.
 * In lieu of oath by Separatists
 * 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 82.
 * In lieu of oath by persons having been Quakers or Moravians
 * 1 & 2 Vict. c. 77.
 * In lieu of oath by witnesses unwilling to be sworn from conscientious motives in every civil court
 * (E.) 17 & 18 Vict. c. 126. s. 20.
 * In lieu of oath unwilling in criminal proceedings
 * (E. I.) 24 & 26 Vict. c. 66.
 * In lieu of oath by juror in civil or criminal proceeding unwilling to be sworn from conscientious motives, and statement thereof in legal proceedings
 * (E.) 30 & 31 Vict. c. 35. s. 8.
 * In lieu of oath for qualification for office
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 72.
 * See also.
 * See also.

 * By Quakers, in lieu of oath in criminal cases
 * 9 Geo. 4. c. 29.
 * In lieu of oath by witness in any court civil or criminal
 * 28 & 29 Vict. c. 9.
 * In lieu of by juror
 * 31 & 32 Vict, c 39.
 * See also.
 * See also.

 * In lieu of oath by witness in cases
 * 19 & 20 Vict. c. 102.
 * In lieu of oath by juror conscientiously objecting
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 75.
 * See also ; and.
 * See also ; and.

 * Possessions of African Company vested in Crown
 * 1 & 2 Geo. 4. c. 28.
 * Government of settlements on coast of, and in Falkland Islands
 * 6 & 7 Vict. c. 13.
 * Convention relative to Portendic and Albreda
 * 21 & 22 Vict. c. 35.
 * See also ; ; ;.
 * See also ; ; ;.

 * See ; ; ; (Electors (d)) ;.
 * See ; ; ; (Electors (d)) ;.


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182

The Convent of the Stricken Heart is situated in that region of Kentucky which early became the great field of Catholic immigration. It was established in the first years of the present century, when mild Dominicans, starving Trappists, and fiery Jesuits hastened into the green wildernesses of the West with the hope of turning them into religious vineyards. Then, accordingly, derived from such sources as the impassioned fervor of Italy, the cold, monotonous endurance of Flanders, and the dying sorrows of ecclesiastical France, there sprang up this new flower of faith, unlike any that ever bloomed in pious Christendom. From the meagrest beginning, the order has slowly grown rich and powerful, so that it now has branches in many States, as far as the shores of the Pacific Ocean.

The convent is situated in a retired region of country, remote from any village or rural highway. The very peace of the blue skies seems to descend upon it. Around the walls great elms stand like tranquil sentinels, or at a greater distance drop their shadows on the velvet verdure of the artificial lawns. Here, when the sun is hot, some white veiled novice may be seen pacing soft-footed and slow, while she fixes her sad eyes upon pictures drawn from the literature of the Dark Ages, or fights the first battle with her young heart, which would beguile her to heaven by more jocund path-ways. Drawn by the tranquillity of this retreat—its trees and flowers and dews—all singing-birds of the region come here to build and brood. No other sounds than their pure cadences disturb the echoless


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Rh air except the simple hymns around the altar, the vesper bell, the roll of the organ, the deep chords of the piano, or the thrum of the harp. It may happen, indeed, that some one of the Sisters, climbing to the observatory to scan the horizon of her secluded world, will catch the faint echoes of a young ploughman in a distant field lustily singing of the honest passion in his heart, or hear the shouts of happy harvesters as they move across the yellow plains. The population scattered around the convent domain are largely of the Catholic faith, and from all directions the country is threaded by foot-paths that lead to the church as a common shrine. It was along one of these that Sister Dolorosa, as has been said, hastened homeward through the falling twilight.

When she reached the convent, instead of seeking the Mother Superior as heretofore with news from old Martha, she stole into the shadowy church and knelt for a long time in wordless prayer—wordless, because no petition that she could frame appeared inborn and quieting. An unaccountable remorse gnawed the heart out of language. Her spirit seemed parched, her will was deadened as by a blow. Trained to the most rigorous introspection, she entered within herself and penetrated to the deepest recesses of her mind to ascertain the cause. The bright flame of her conscience thus employed was like the turning of a sunbeam into a darkened chamber to reveal the presence of a floating grain of dust. But nothing could be discovered. It was the undiscovered that rebuked her as it often rebukes us all—the undiscovered evil that has not yet linked itself to conscious transgression. At last she rose with a sigh and, dejected, left the church.


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184 Later, the Mother Superior, noiselessly entering her room, found her sitting at the open window, her hands crossed on the sill, her eyes turned outward into the darkness.

"Child, child," she said, hurriedly, "how uneasy you have made me! Why are you so late returning?"

"I went to the church when I came back, Mother," replied Sister Dolorosa, in a voice singularly low and composed. "I must have returned nearly an hour ago."

"But even then it was late."

"Yes, Mother; I stopped on the way back to look at the sunset. The clouds looked like cathedrals. And then old Martha kept me. You know it is difficult to get away from old Martha."

The Mother Superior laughed slightly, as though her anxiety had been removed. She was a woman of commanding presence, with a face full of dignity and sweetness, but furrowed by lines of difficult resignation.

"Yes; I know," she answered. "Old Martha's tongue is like a terrestrial globe; the whole world is mapped out on it, and a little movement of it will show you a continent. How is her rheumatism?"

"She said it was no worse," replied Sister Dolorosa, absently.

The Mother Superior laughed again. "Then it must be better. Rheumatism is always either better or worse."

"Yes, Mother."

This time the tone caught the Mother Superior's ear.

"You seem tired. Was the walk too long?"

"I enjoyed the walk, Mother. I do not feel tired."

They had been sitting on opposite sides of the room.


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Rh The Mother Superior now crossed, and, laying her hand softly on Sister Dolorosa's head, pressed it backward and looked fondly down into the upturned eyes.

"Something troubles you. What has happened?"

There is a tone that goes straight to the hearts of women in trouble. If there are tears hidden, they gather in the eyes. If there is any confidence to give, it is given then.

A tremor, like that of a child with an unspent sob, passed across Sister Dolorosa's lips, but her eyes were tearless.

"Nothing has happened, Mother. I do not know why, but I feel disturbed and unhappy." This was the only confidence that she had to give.

The Mother Superior passed her hand slowly across the brow, white and smooth like satin. Then she sat down, and as Sister Dolorosa slipped to the floor beside her she drew the young head to her lap and folded her aged hands upon it. What passionate, barren loves haunt the hearts of women in convents! Between these two there existed a tenderness more touching than the natural love of mother and child.

"You must not expect to know at all times," she said, with grave gentleness. "To be troubled without any visible cause is one of the mysteries of our nature. As you grow older you will understand this better. We are forced to live in conscious possession of all faculties, all feelings, whether or not there are outward events to match them. Therefore you must expect to have anxiety within when your life is really at peace without; to have moments of despair when no failure threatens; to have your heart wrung with sympathy when no object of sorrow is nigh; to be spent with the need of


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186 loving when there is no earthly thing to receive your love. This is part of woman's life, and of all women, especially those who, like you, must live not to stifle the tender, beautiful forces of nature, but to ennoble and unite them into one divine passion. Do not think, therefore, to escape these hours of heaviness and pain. No saint ever walked this earth without them. Perhaps the lesson to be gained is this: that we may feel things before they happen, so that if they do happen we shall be disciplined to bear them."

The voice of the Mother Superior had become low and meditative; and, though resting on the bowed head, her eyes seemed fixed on events long past. After the silence of a few moments she continued in a brighter tone:

"But, my child, I know the reason of your unhappiness. I have warned you that excessive ardor would leave you overwrought and nervous; that you were being carried too far by your ideals. You live too much in your sympathies and your imagination. Patience, my little St. Theresa! No saint was ever made in a day, and it has taken all the centuries of the Church to produce its martyrs. Only think that your life is but begun; there will be time enough to accomplish every thing. I have been watching, and I know. This is why I send you to old Martha. I want you to have the rest, the exercise, the air of the fields. Go again tomorrow, and take her the ointment. I found it while you were gone to-day. It has been in the Church for centuries, and you know this bottle came from blessed Loretto in Italy. It may do her some good. And, for the next few days, less reading and study."

"Mother!" Sister Dolorosa spoke as though she had


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Rh not been listening. "What would become of me if I should ever—if any evil should ever befall me?"

The Mother Superior stretched her hands out over the head on her knees as some great, fierce, old, gray eagle, scarred and strong with the storms of life, might make a movement to shield its imperilled young. The tone in which Sister Dolorosa had spoken startled her as the discovered edge of a precipice. It was so quiet, so abrupt, so terrifying with its suggestion of an abyss. For a moment she prayed silently and intensely.

"Heaven mercifully shield you from harm!" she then said, in an awe-stricken whisper. "But, timid lamb, what harm can come to you?"

Sister Dolorosa suddenly rose and stood before the Mother Superior.

"I mean," she said, with her eyes on the floor and her voice scarcely audible—"I mean—if I should ever fail, would you cast me out?"

"My child!—Sister!—Sister Dolorosa!—Cast you out!"

The Mother Superior started up and folded her arms about the slight, dark figure, which at once seemed to be standing aloof with infinite loneliness. For some time she sought to overcome this difficult, singular mood.

"And now, my daughter," she murmured at last, "go to sleep and forget these foolish fears. I am near you!" There seemed to be a fortress of sacred protection and defiance in these words; but the next instant her head was bowed, her upward-pointing finger raised in the air, and in a tone of humble self-correction she added: "Nay, not I; the Sleepless guards you! Good-night."


text:
Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/837

Rh

 * Writ— :To be provided for suitors in all cases
 * 13 Edw. 1. (Art. sup. Car.) c. 50.
 * None touching the common law to go forth under any of the petty seal
 * 28 Edw. 1. (Art. sup. Car.) c. 6.
 * To be in King's name
 * 27 Hen. 8. c. 24.
 * Description of defendant in
 * 1 Hen. 5. c. 5.
 * 5 Eliz. c. 23.
 * Teste and return and service of
 * 27 Hen. 8. c. 24.
 * (E.) 2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 39. ss. 11, 15, 19, 21.
 * (E.) 1 Will. 4. c. 3. s. 2.
 * (E.) 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 67.
 * (E.) 1 Will. 4. c. 7.
 * Abolition of special for small suits, and regulation of, in inferior courts
 * (E.) 5 Geo. 2. c. 27.
 * Abolition of various
 * (E. I.) 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 27. s. 36.
 * (E.) 23 & 24 Vict. c. 126.
 * Form, issue, renewal, &c. of, for commencement of actions, and duties of solicitors with respect to them
 * (E.) 15 & 16 Vict. c. 76. ss. 2–25.
 * (E.) 38 & 39 Vict. c. 77. s. 16. sch. I. ords. ii., iv.–viii., xlii., xliii.
 * Service of, in and out of jurisdiction
 * (E.) 15 & 16 Vict. c. 76. ss. 14–25.
 * (E.) 38 & 39 Vict. c. 77. s. 16. sch. 1. ords. ix.–xi.
 * Indorsement on, of particulars of demand
 * (E.) 15 & 16 Vict. c. 76. s. 25.
 * (E.) 38 & 39 Vict. c. 77. s. 16. sch. 1. ord. iii.
 * New forms of
 * (E.) 15 & 16 Vict. c. 76. s. 224.
 * (E.) 23 & 24 Vict. c. 126.
 * (E.) 17 & 18 Vict. c. 125. 8. 98.
 * (E.) 38 & 39 Vict. c. 77. 8. 16. sch. 1. ord. ii.
 * New forms of, on revenue side of Exchequer
 * (E.) 22 & 23 Vict. c. 21.
 * (E.) 28 & 29 Vict. c. 104.
 * Priority of, issuing from different courts
 * (E.) 19 & 20 Vict. c. 108. s. 47.
 * Operation of Statutes of Limitation prevented by renewal of.
 * See (22).
 * See also ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;, 2; ; and under heads of different Writs.

 * Service of, and of indictment
 * 11 & 12 Vict. c. 79.
 * Registry and taking out of
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 34.
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 40.
 * See also .; . ; .;.
 * See also .; . ; .;.

 * Abolition of various.
 * See.
 * Forms and service of
 * 3 & 4 Vict. c. 105.
 * 16 & 17 Vict. c. 113.
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 57. 88. 33, 61. sch.
 * Preparation of
 * 7 & 8 Vict. c. 107. s. 10.
 * Renewal of, to save Statutes of Limitations.
 * See . (12).
 * Description of prison in.
 * See.
 * See.

 * Appointment of, as lord of session
 * 6 Ann. c. 11.
 * Articled clerk to uncertificated, not prejudiced
 * 6 Geo. 4. c. 46.
 * Annual certificate of, and of attorney, solicitor, agent, and procurator
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 97. ss. 59–64.
 * See also ; ; .;.
 * See also ; ; .;.

 * See, 9.
 * See, 9.

 * Penalties for reeling short
 * 14 Geo. 3. c. 44.,15 Geo. 3. c. 14.
 * Penalties for reeling short, and directions as to reeling:—
 * in Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Cheshire
 * 17 Geo. 3. c. 11.
 * in Suffolk
 * 24 Geo. 3. sess. 2. c. 3.
 * in Bedfordshire, and certain other midland and eastern counties
 * 25 Geo. 3. c. 40.
 * in Norfolk
 * 31 Geo. 3. c. 56.
 * See also.
 * See also.


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Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/370

 ;
 * Practising of, of inferior court, at jury trials on circuit
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 100.
 * Practising of, in sheriff's court, in case of service of heirs
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 101.
 * Roll of, practising in Court of Session and sheriff courts
 * 36 & 37 Vict. c. 63. ss. 12–14.
 * See also ; ; ; ; (Duties) ;

 * See.
 * See.

 * See ;  (Duties).
 * See ;  (Duties).

 * Licences for, and regulation of
 * (E.) 30 & 31 Vict. c. 130.
 * See also.
 * See also.

 * See ; ; ;
 * See ; ; ;

 * See.
 * See.

 * See, 1 (c) ; (Municipal).
 * See ; and, tit..
 * See ; and, tit..
 * See ; and, tit..

 * See ; . ; ; .; ; .; ;.
 * See ; . ; ; .; ; .; ;.

 * Member of foreign reformed church, when exempt from penalties of Act of Uniformity
 * 14 Cha. 2. c. 4.
 * Exclusion of, from Parliament and offices of State
 * 12 & 13 Will. 3. c. 2.
 * Register of, and declaration bv master of vessel as to, on landing in United Kingdom
 * 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 11.
 * Status of, in United Kingdom
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 14. ss. 2–5.
 * Disqualification of, to be burgess
 * (E.) 32 & 33 Vict. c. 55. s. 1.
 * Disqualification of, to hold offices, or exercise franchises
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 14. s. 2.
 * Qualification of, to serve as juror
 * (E.) 33 & 34 Vict. c. 77. s. 8.
 * Qualification of to serve as juror}} in Ireland
 * (I.)34 & 35 Vict. c. 65. s. 7.
 * Payment of tithes on lands of.
 * See.
 * Capacity of, as to acquisition, tenure, and disposition of property
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 14. s. 2, &c.
 * Incapacity of, to own British ship
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 14. s. 14.
 * Trial of, by jury de medietate linguse, abolished
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 14. s. 5.
 * Naturalization of
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 14. s. 7, &c.
 * Declaration of alienage by naturalized alien, and by British subject born abroad, or by birth a subject of a foreign state
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 14. ss. 3, 4.
 * 35 & 36 Vict. c. 39.
 * False declarations under Naturalization Act
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 102. s. 2.
 * Powers of and regulations by Secretary of State, as to naturalization, alienage, and oath of allegiance
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 14
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 102.
 * Power of colonial legislatures as to naturalization of
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 14. s. 16.
 * See also ; ; ; ; ;.
 * See also ; ; ; ; ;.

 * See ; ; ; ; ;.
 * See ; ; ; ; ;.

 * Of prisoners, law as to, not affected by transfer of prisons and cost of maintenance of prisoners to Government
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 53. s. 70.
 * See also . ; . ;.
 * See also . ; . ;.

 * See.
 * See.

 * Decree for, enforceable as judgment
 * 28 & 29 Vict. c. 43. s. 4.
 * 28 & 29 Vict. c. 43. s. 4.

 * Registration of, condensation, &c. of muriatic add and other noxious gases in, inspection of, and rules for workmen in
 * 26 & 27 Vict. c. 124.
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 36.
 * 37 & 38 Vict, c. 43.
 * Transfer of powers under Alkali Acts to Local Government Board.
 * See ;
 * See also.
 * See also.


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Page:Chronological Table and Index of the Statutes.djvu/836

818 ;
 * Appointment, incorporation, powers, officers, &c. of, purchase and sale of lands, &c. by, &c. (see also (Members (b))
 * 14 & 15 Vict. c. 42.
 * 15 & 16 Vict. c. 28.
 * 29 & 30 Vict. c. 39.
 * 37 & 38 Vict. c. 84.
 * Transfer to, of jurisdiction over certain places in Westminster
 * (E.) 14 & 15 Vict. c. 95.
 * Transfer to, of jurisdiction over Epping Forest
 * (E.) 29 & 30 Vict. c. 62.
 * Transfer to, of jurisdiction of powers of survey
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 13.
 * Transfer} of buildings, &c. of county courts
 * (E.) 33 8c 34 Vict. c. 15.
 * Transfer to, of jurisdiction of metropolitan police courts
 * (E.) 34 & 35 Vict. c. 35.
 * Transfer to,of jurisdiction of certain offices of Court of Chancery
 * (E.) 35 & 36 Vict. c.44. s. 21.
 * Substitution of declarations for oaths under Acts relating to Works and Buildings
 * 5 & 6 Will. 4. c. 62.
 * See also, tits. ;.

 * Regulation of labour of women and children in, education of children, ventilation and inspection of, and use of fans in grinding, &c.;
 * 34 & 35 Vict. c. 104.
 * 30 & 31 Vict. c. 146.
 * 33 & 34 Vict. c. 62. s. 6.
 * 34 & 35 Vict. c. 19.
 * 37 & 38 Vict. c. 44. s. 146.
 * 39 & 40 Vict. c. 79. s. 8.
 * Power of sanitary authority to require privy accommodation for
 * (E.) 38 & 39 Vict. c. 55. s. 38.
 * Not under Factory Act, if not kept in a cleanly state, or if overcrowded, to be deemed a nuisance:
 * in the Metropolis
 * (E.) 29 & 30 Vict. c. 90. s. 19.
 * 1em
 * (E.) 38 & 39 Vict. c. 55. s. 91.
 * in Ireland
 * (I.) 29 & 30 Vict. c. 90. ss. 19, 57.
 * See also ; ; ; ;
 * See also ; ; ; ;

 * See ; ;.
 * See ; ;.

 * See.
 * See.

 * Attachment of person laying hands on, and delivery of price to towns
 * 4 Edw. 1. (Offfic, Cor.)
 * Crown property in
 * Prerog, Reg. Stat. temp, incert. c. 13.
 * Purchase by Crown of rights to
 * 17 & 18 Vict. c. 104. s. 474.
 * Superintendence of, by Board of Trade, appointment and powers of receiver, delivery of to receiver, and suppression of plunder of, or of wrecked ship, and sale and disposal of
 * 17 & 18 Vict. c. 104. ss. 418, 439–457.
 * 18 & 19 Vict. c. 91. ss. 19, 20.
 * 25 & 26 Vict. c. 63. ss. 49–53.
 * Theft, possession, offering for sale, and seizure of goods and articles from ship in distress, wrecked, stranded, &c.
 * 17 & 18 Vict. c. 104. ss. 477–9.
 * (E. I.) 24 & 25 Vict. c. 96. ss. 64–6.
 * Remuneration of coastguard for watching, &c.
 * 18 & 19 Vict. c. 91. s. 20.
 * Destruction of any part of ship in distress, wrecked, stranded, &c., or goods thereof
 * (E. I.) 24 & 25 Vict. c. 97. s. 49.
 * Impeding person saving himself from ship
 * (E. I.) 24 & 25 Vict. c. 100. s. 17.
 * Assaulting magistrate, &c. preserving goods or ship
 * (E. I.) 24 & 25 Vict. c. 100. s. 37.
 * Rights of Crown and duchy of Lancaster and Cornwall to
 * 25 & 26 Vict. c. 63. ss. 52, 53.
 * Sea fishing boats, nets, gear, &c. found at sea
 * 31 & 32 Vict. c. 45. s. 21.
 * Powers of general lighthouse, harbour, and conservancy authorities for removal of
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 16.
 * Customs duties on.
 * See, 2 (g).
 * Appointment of Wreck Commissioners, and investigation into shipping casualties.
 * See ,6 (a).
 * See also, 5 (a); ; , 6; ;.
 * See also, 5 (a); ; , 6; ;.

 * Delivery up of fishing boats and gear, &c. picked up at sea
 * 32 & 33 Vict. c. 92. s. 11.
 * See also.
 * See also.

 * Time for delivery of, before justices
 * 13 Edw. 1. (Stat, Westm, sec.) c. 10.
 * False return to
 * 13 Edw. 1. (Stat. Westm. sec.) c. 39.
 * 28 Edw. 1. (Art. sup. Car.) c. 16.}}
 * 28 Edw. 1. (Art. sup. Car.) c. 16.}}


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Hulke, John Whitaker


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Humphry, George Murray


text:
Page:Beowulf (Wyatt).djvu/250

226 II. ''rel. adv.'', where, 286, 420, 1007, 1079, 1394, etc.; (to) where, 356, 1313, etc.; if, 2730, 1835 (?). With swā following: ðǣr…swa, “wheresoever,” 797; “if so be that,” 2730.

þē, conj.: (1) because, ''correl. with a preceding þȳ, þē (see'' sē), 488, 1436, 2641. (2) that, so that, 242 (? possibly

title: Page:Beowulf (Wyatt).djvu/250


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Hungerford, Margaret Wolfe


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36

Ðǣr wæs on blōdebrim weallende, atol ȳða geswingeal gemenged hāton heolfre, *heoro-drēore, wēol; dēað-fǣge dēog,siððan drēama lēas in fen-freoðofeorh ālegde, hǣþene sāwle;þǣr him hel onfēng. Þanon eft gewitoneald-gesīðas, swylce geong manigof gomen-wāþe, fram mere mōdgemēarum rīdan, beornas on blancum.Ðǣr wæs Bēowulfes mǣrðo mǣned;monig oft gecwæð, þætte sūð ne norðbe sǣm twēonum ofer eormen-grundōþer nǣnig under swegles begongsēlra nǣre rond-hæbbendra,rīces wyrðra. Ne hīe hūru wine-drihtenwiht ne lōgon, glædne Hrōðgār,ac þǣt wæs gōd cyning. Hwīlum heaþo-rōfehlēapan lēton, on geflit faran,fealwe mēaras, ðǣr him fold-wegasfægere þūhton, cystum cūðe.Hwīlum cyninges þegn, guma gilp-hlæden,gidda gemyndig, sē ðe eal-felaeald-gesegena worn gemunde,word ōþer fand sōðe gebunden. Secg eft ongan sīð Bēowulfessnyttrum *styrian, ond on spēd wrecanspel gerāde, wordum wrixlan;wel-hwylc gecwæð,

title: Page:Beowulf (Wyatt).djvu/60


text: The Necessity of Atheism (Brooks)/Preface


text:
Page:The Daughters of England.djvu/50

Rh resulting from any wrong line of conduct they may choose to pursue. The season of early youth is, therefore, the best time for correcting this tendency, before it has begun to bear with any serious effects upon the good, or the happiness of others.

We will suppose the case of a mistress of a family preparing for a journey. Having been a little too late with everything which had to be done, there is a frightful accumulation of demands upon her attention during the last day, but especially the last half-hour before her departure. In this state of hurry and confusion, wrong orders are given, which have to be counteracted; messengers are sent hither and thither, they scarcely know for what, and still less where to find the thing they seek. Servants grow disorderly, children teasing or frightened, the husband is angry, and sharp words pass between him and his wife. Accidents, of course, occur, for which the innocent are blamed. Time—pitiless time rolls on, apparently with accelerating speed. The distant sound of carriage-wheels is heard. At this crisis a string breaks. Why did it never break before? A flash of absolute passion distorts the face of the matron. All dignity is lost. The carriage is at the door—little children stretch forth their arms—there is no time for tenderness. Scarcely a farewell is heard, as the mother rushes past them, leaving behind her, perhaps for months of absence, the remembrance of her angry countenance, her unjust reproaches, and the apparent want of affection with which she could hurry away from the very beings she loved best in the world. The servants in such a family as this, can scarcely be blamed if they rejoice when their mistress is gone; the husband, if he finds abundant consolation in the peace his absent partner has bequeathed him; or the children, if they fail to look with

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40 any very eager expectation to the time of their mother's return.

How, then, does the law of love operate here? It operates upon the woman who is seldom too late, so that when a journey is in expectation, all things are arranged in due time, leaving the last day more especially for attention to the claims of affection, and the regulation of household affairs, upon which will depend the comfort of her family during her absence. Rising a little earlier than usual on that morning, she commends them individually and collectively to the care of the Father of all the families of earth; and this very act gives a depth, a tenderness, and a serenity to the feelings of affection with which she meets them, it may be for the last time. Kind words are then spoken, which dwell upon the memory in after years; provision is made for the feeble or the helpless; every little peculiarity of character or constitution is taken into account; last charges—those precious memorials of earthly love—are given, and treasured up. There is time even for private and confidential intercourse between the husband and the wife; there is time for a respectful farewell to every domestic; there is time, too, for an expression of thankfulness for each one of the many kind offices rendered on that sacred day. At last the moment of separation arrives. Silent tears are seen in every eye, but they are not absolutely tears of sorrow; for who can feel sorrow, when the cup of human love is so full of sweetness?

If, during the absence of such a mother, sickness or death should assail any member of her family, how will the remembrance of that day of separation soothe the absent; while the kind words then uttered, the kind thoughts then felt, the kind services then rendered, will recur to remembrance, invested with a power and a beauty, which

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Rh never would have been fully known, had no such separation taken place.

It is possible the natural affection of the wife and the mother, in both these cases, may have been the same; yet, how different must be the state of their own feelings, and of those of their separate families, one hour after their departure! and not during that hour only, but during weeks, and months, nay, through the whole of their lives! for the specimen we have given, is but one amongst the many painful scenes which must perpetually occur in the experience of those who are habitually too late.

It is true, I have extended the picture a little beyond the season of early youth, but this was absolutely necessary in order to point out the bearing and ultimate tendency of this dangerous habit—a habit, like many of our wrong propensities, so insidious in its nature, as scarcely to tell upon the youthful character; while, like many other plants of evil growth, its seed is sown at that period of life, though we scarcely perceive the real nature of the poisonous tree, until its bitter root has struck too deep to be eradicated. It is, therefore, the more important, in all we purpose, and in all we do, that we should look to the end, and not awake when it is too late to find that we have miscalculated either our time, or our means.

title: Page:The Daughters of England.djvu/52


text: User:Ousia

title: User:Ousia


text:
Author:Andrew Cuomo

Works

 * Executive Order No. 1: Removing the Barriers to State Government

title: Author:Andrew Cuomo


text: Category:New York law

title: Category:New York law


text: The Daughters of England/Chapter III

title: The Daughters of England/Chapter III


text:
Page:The Daughters of England.djvu/53

order to speak with more precision of those attainments which youth is the season for acquiring, I must class them under three different heads—cleverness, learning, and knowledge. By cleverness, I would be understood to mean, dexterity and aptness in doing everything which falls within the sphere of ordinary duty. Cleverness of the hand, is no mean attainment in a woman. It is, in fact, of almost as much value to her, as dexterity to the surgeon; for though he may have knowledge to understand what is best to be done, unless his hand be skilful to do it, his knowledge will avail him but little in any case of emergency, where the life of a fellow-creature is at stake.

The cleverness of the hand, therefore, though almost entirely neglected in modern education, except as relates to practice on the keys of the piano, is a qualification which, while it takes nothing away from the charm of feminine delicacy, imparts the additional charm of perpetual cheerfulness, added to a capability of general usefulness, and a consequent readiness for action whenever occasion may require our services.

To know how to do every thing which can properly come within a woman's sphere of duty, ought to be the ambition of every female mind. For my own part, I do not believe I have ever learned anything, even down to such a trifle as a new stitch, but I have found a use for it, and that in a surprisingly short space of time; for either it has occupied what would otherwise have been idle

title: Page:The Daughters of England.djvu/53


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Rh time, it has used up what would otherwise have been wasted material, or I have taught it to others who were more in need of it than myself. Besides which, there is the grand preventive this dexterity supplies against ever being at a loss what to do—the happiness it affords, both to ourselves and others, to be perpetually employed—the calm it diffuses over a naturally restless temperament; but, above all, the ability this habit affords in cases of sickness, or other emergency, to turn all our means to account in the service of our friends.

This, however, can never be so thoroughly effected, as when the cleverness of the hand is aided by the faculty of invention. And here I would ask—how is it?—how can it be, that the exercise of this faculty forms so trifling a part of female education? Never does a woman enter upon the actual business of life, whatever it may be, but her ingenuity is taxed in some way or other; and she suffers blame, or endures contempt, just so far as she fails in this respect. If, at a critical juncture of time, any accident takes place in household affairs, woman is expected to cover up the defect, or supply the deficiency. If any article of common use is missing when wanted, woman is expected to provide a substitute. If the accustomed supply of comfort or enjoyment fails, it is woman's fault. No matter how great the deficiency of material with which she has to work, domestic comfort, order and respectability rest with her, and she must be accountable for the falling short in any, or all of these. It is true that she is endowed by nature with the faculty of invention, in a higher degree, perhaps, than men, and skilfully and nobly does she sometimes use it; but does not the very fact of this endowment teach us that it has thus been provided by Providence for the part she has to act in life? and ought we not the more sedulously to carry out this merciful design, by a higher

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44 cultivation of so useful a faculty? Why, for instance, should we not have premiums on a small scale, or other encouragements, in our public seminaries, for the most ingenious and useful inventions? Why should there not be a little museum attached to every school, in which such specimens of ingenuity could be kept? We all know there are few simple pleasures which surpass those derived from the exercise of the faculty of invention; might it not, therefore, be rendered as profitable, as it is amusing, by filling up some of the idle hours of a school-girl's life, and occupying the time too frequently appropriated to mere gossip on subjects by no means calculated to improve the morals, or enlarge the understanding?

The little girl of four years old, seated on a footstool beside her mother, is less happy in the rosy cheeks and shining curls of her new doll, than in the shawl she has herself invented for it, or the bonnet her sister is making. It is the same throughout the whole season of early youth. What is drawing, that most delightful of all amusements to a child, but the exercise of the faculty of invention? So soon as this exercise is reduced to a science, so soon as "perspective dawns," and the juvenile performer is compelled to copy, the charm of the performance in a great measure ceases. It is true, it will be restored a hundredfold when acquaintance with the rules of art shall enable the young student again to design, and with better effect; but during her infancy, she has far more enjoyment in her own red-brick house, with a volume of green smoke issuing from every chimney; and in her own round-bodied man, whose nose is emulous of a beak, and his eye in the centre of his head, than in the most elaborate and finished drawings which a master could lay before her; not, certainly, because she sees more symmetry or likelihood in

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Rh ;
 * Penalty for fraudulently procuring, if under 21, to have illicit connection with a man ; payment of costs of prosecution
 * 12 & 13 Vict. c. 76.
 * See also . ; . ;.

 * See ; ; (Rate);, 2;.
 * See ; ; (Rate);, 2;.

 * Appointment and powers of, and management of Crown lands, royal parks, &c. (see also (Members (a))
 * (E. I.) 10 Geo. 4. c. 50.
 * (E. I.) 2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 1.
 * (S.) 2 & 3 Will. 4. c. 112.
 * (S.) 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 69.
 * (S.) 5 & 6 Will. 4. c. 58.
 * 8 & 9 Vict. c. 99.
 * 11 & 12 Vict. c. 102.
 * 14 & 15 Vict. c. 42.
 * 15 & 16) Vict. c. 62.
 * 16 & 17 Vict. c. 56.
 * 17 & 18 Vict. c. 68.
 * 18 & 19 Vict. c. 16.
 * 29 & 30 Vict. c. 62.
 * 36 & 37 Vict. c. 36.
 * Payment by, of charges formerly on civil list
 * 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 86.
 * Quitrents receivable by, and release of, in certain cases
 * 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 99. ss. 12, 13.
 * Power to purchase, lease, or exchange on behalf of Her Majesty
 * 5 Vict. c. 1.
 * Indemnity to trustees of copyholds purchased
 * 14 & 15 Vict. c. 46. s. 3.
 * Audit of accounts of
 * 7 & 8 Vict. c. 89.
 * 14 & 15 Vict. c. 42.
 * 29 & 30 Vict. c. 39.
 * Payment of costs of improvements and capitalization of moiety of produce of mines by
 * 29 & 30 Vict. c. 62.
 * Powers of, as to railways.
 * See, 3 (f) ; ., 3 (f).
 * Power of, to grant mining leases
 * 36 & 37 Vict. c. 36. s. 4.
 * Substitution of declarations for oaths under Acts relating to the Office of Woods and Forests
 * 5 & 6 Will. 4. c. 62.
 * See also ;  ;  ;  (Traffic) ;  ; and, tits. ;.
 * See also ;  ;  ;  (Traffic) ;  ; and, tits. ;.

 * No toll or maletoute on, to be taken by Crown without common consent
 * 25 Edw. 1. (Conf, Cart.) c. 7.
 * 25 Edw. 1. (Stat, de Tallag.) c. 3.
 * Abatement of price of, by fraud, and sale of by other than standard weight
 * 31 Edw. 3. Stat. 1. c. 2.
 * Recovery of wages by persons employed in manufacture of.
 * See, 1.
 * Offences by persons employed in manufacture of.
 * See, 2 (b).
 * Search for and punishment for possession of, and of cloth, woollen goods, or yarn stolen off tenters
 * (E. S.) 15 Geo. 2. c. 27.
 * Regulations as to manufacture of cloth, and prevention of frauds therein, and appointment by justices of searchers and measurers, in West Riding of Yorkshire
 * (E.) 5 Geo. 3. c. 51.
 * (E.) 6 Geo. 3. c. 23.
 * Committee of manufacturers of, and of yam, &c., and appointment of inspectors to prevent frauds by workpeople, and carry out 22 Geo. 2. c. 27. &c.:—
 * in Yorkshire, Lancashire, and Cheshire
 * (E.) 17 Geo. 3. c. 11.
 * in Suffolk
 * (E.) 24 Geo. 3. sess. 2. c. 3.
 * in Bedfordshire and other midland and eastern counties
 * (E.) 25 Geo. 3. c. 40.
 * in Norfolk
 * (E.) 31 Geo. 3. c. 56.
 * See also.
 * See also.

 * See . ; ;  ;
 * See . ; ;  ;

 * Sheriff of city.
 * See, 5.
 * Borrowing by county justices and city council, as prison authorities, for industrial schools and reformatories
 * 37&38 Vict. c. 47. s. 5.
 * Appointment of visiting committee of prison
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 21. s. 13.
 * 40 & 41 Vict. c. 21. s. 13.

 * See.
 * See.

 * See Friendly Society.
 * See Friendly Society.

 * See ,1(b); ;, 4; , 2; (Workhouse).
 * See ,1(b); ;, 4; , 2; (Workhouse).

 * See ; ; ; ;.
 * See ; ; ; ;.


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 Rh changed, and three application blanks were required, not only for the newly registered members, but for those who had been previously registered with the Chapters and Divisions. A period of two years was allowed in which to complete this registration, as it was recognized it would be a most difficult task, the full labor of which was not grasped at the time.

"I thoroughly appreciate what you say in regard to the work that it entails. The time limit, however, expired at our last convention, and those Division Presidents who were not fully registered found that their voting strength was greatly reduced, and grasped the necessity of conforming to the law, which had been made by the representatives of their respective Divisions at the convention in Tampa. I felt sorry for the different Divisions which came with large representations and found that their registration had not been completed; but I must congratulate the women for their wonderful response to the enforcement of this law; they arc now fully aware of the necessity of having in the possession of our Registrar General an application blank for every member who has been registered with a Chapter and Division. If our records are to be of any value in the future, there must be a central place from which to secure information.

"The former Registrar General ruled that she would accept one copy, provided the member was registered with the Chapter and Division. I have no doubt that the new Registrar General, Miss Powell, will accept this ruling."

A distinct contribution to the South's history has been made by the "Life and Letters of Jefferson Davis," compiled by Dr. Dunbar Rowland, of Mississippi. It is to be hoped that the U. D. C. may be influential in placing this work in the universities and libraries of their respective States, as they could do nothing better to promote true history. Faithfully and fraternally,

Newspaper reports during January brought tidings from far and near of continued love and reverence for Confederate heroes wherever beats a Southern heart—Lee, Jackson, Maury, the three great Southerners whose birthdays cluster in the month. In many places it was made the occasion for calling especial attention to the work now occupying, in a great measure, the thoughts of the United Daughters of the Confederacy—that is, the enlargement and fireproofing of the chapel at Washington and Lee University that it may be a memorial worthy the name and character of the great Southerner.

The day called forth no more beautiful tribute than that given by Commander Owsley of the American Legion, a tribute deeply appreciated by the United Daughters of the Confederacy.

South Carolina, Miss Edythe Loryea, St. Matthews.—The Sue M. Abney prize of a $5 gold piece, offered by Mrs. A. A. Woodson through the Edgefield Chapter for the best poem on Robert E. Lee, was won by Miss Katherine Simons, of the C. Irvine Walker Chapter, Summerville, S. C, and it was read on Historical Evening during the convention of the South Carolina Division.

General Lee's birthday was generally observed by Chapters throughout the State, and in a number of instances the prize poem on General Lee, by Miss Simons, was read. Besides the literary and musical features of the celebration, medals and pictures were presented to several schools and colleges. At the Confederate Home in Columbia the veterans of the sixties had a happy day through the kindness of Capt. W. H. Stewart, Superintendent of the Home. At the sumptuous dinner, prepared and served by a committee from the three local Chapters and the "Girls of the Sixties," there were, besides the veterans in the Home, the members of Camp Hampton, U. C. V., Gov. and Mrs. T. G. McLeod, and several members of the legislature with their wives. A splendid address was made by Governor McLeod on the Confederate soldier and "the heritage that has come to the present generation from him." Short talks were made by others present. During the afternoon an enjoyable program was carried out, the exercises being presided over by Mrs. W. B. Burney, President of the Wade Hampton Chapter.

Louisiana, Mrs. Fred C. Kolman, New Orleans.—One of the most beautiful affairs of U. D. C. circles in recent years was the Robert E. Lee luncheon given at the Grunewald Hotel, New Orleans, on January 19, under the auspices of the Louisiana Division, with Mrs. Fred C. Kolman, President of the Division and State Director of the Lee Memorial Chapter Committee, presiding. This entertainment was not only in honor of the day, but to bring before the public the work assumed by the Daughters of the Confederacy in the enlargement and fireproofing of the Lee Memorial Chapel at Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va. Chapters throughout the State were represented, and representatives from the Washington and Lee alumni of Louisana, the American Legion Auxiliary of the State, and other patriotic organizations were in attendance, all cooperating with the Daughters. The following program was presented by Mrs. Florence Tompkins, Chairman of Education, Louisana Division:

"Lee, the Man," by Dr. William McF. Alexander, President of the Washington and Lee Alumni Association of Louisiana.

"The Washington and Lee University and Lee's Chapel," by Hon. L. P. Bryant, Jr., an alumnus, and Assistant United States District Attorney.

"The After Life of Lee," by Mrs. P. J. Friedrich, Past State President and President New Orleans Federation of Clubs.

"The Example of Lee to the Young Manhood of America," by Mrs. J. Pinckney Smith, Honorary President General U. D. C.

B. B. Shively, also an alumnus of Washington and Lee, but coming direct from the University, brought a message concerning the necessary improvements to the chapel.

"Lee as an American Citizen," by Mrs. S. E. Smith, representing the American Legion, was given as a message from a younger organization to the older.

Gen. A. B. Booth, Confederate veteran, touched on General Lee as he knew him and as commander of the Southern army.

Mrs. H. R. Macleod (formerly Mollie Blanchard, the "Dixie Girl"), sang many beautiful Southern airs between the talks.

A telegram from the Board of Trustees of Washington and Lee University, Dr. H. L. Smith, President, and Judge William A. Bell, congratulating the Louisiana Division on its splendid efforts in behalf of the Lee Memorial, was read; also greetings from the Director General, Mis. Roy W. McKinney, were extended by the Division Director.

The Grunewald Cave, where the luncheon was given, was decorated with flowers and flags, making a setting of wondrous beauty.

The one hundred and sixteenth anniversary of the birth of Gen. Robert E. Lee was especially observed by the veterans, Daughters of the Confederacy, and Sons of Confederate Veterans at Memorial Hall in New Orleans on the evening of January 19. The New Orleans Chapter No. 72, the Stonewall Jackson Chapter, and Fitzhugh Lee Chapter were joint hostesses in the bestowal of Crosses of Honor on J. C. Dockery


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188 Sister Dolorosa lifted her head from the strong shoulder and turned her eyes, now luminous, upon the troubled face.

"Forgive me, Mother!" she said, in a voice of scornful resolution. "Never—never again will I disturb you with such weakness as I have shown to-night. I know that no evil can befall me! Forgive me, Mother. Good-night."

While she sleeps learn her history. Pauline Cambron was descended from one of those sixty Catholic families of Maryland that formed a league in 1785 for the purpose of emigrating to Kentucky without the rending of social ties or separation from the rites of their ancestral faith. Since then the Kentucky branch of the Cambrons has always maintained friendly relations with the Maryland branch, which is now represented by one of the wealthy and cultivated families of Baltimore. On one side the descent is French; and, as far back as this can be traced, there runs a tradition that some of the most beautiful of its women became barefoot Carmelite nuns in the various monasteries of France or on some storm-swept island of the Mediterranean Sea.

The first of the Kentucky Cambrons settled in that part of the State in which nearly a hundred years later lived the last generation of them—the parents of Pauline. Of these she was the only child, so that upon her marriage depended the perpetuation of the Kentucky family. It gives to the Protestant mind a startling insight into the possibilities of a woman's life and destiny in Kentucky to learn the nature of the literature by which her sensitive and imaginative character was from the first impressed. This literature covers a field