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Rh teries of England. There have been writers who, though they con- demned the wholesale destruction of all monasteries by Henry VIII., have yet been disposed on the whole to accept the statements contained in the preamble to the First Act of Suppression ; and there is indeed at first sight something very plausible in the theory that the smaller houses were worse than the large ones, as less influenced by public opinion both within and without. The question however is not what might have happened, but what actually did happen ; and so far as this county is concerned, there is no evidence that the smaller houses were more degenerate than the greater ; they were nearly all well spoken of at the last by the local commissioners. Nor do we find here any signs that one order was on the whole worse than another, though the latest reports of the abbey of Missenden tend to justify Wolsey's efforts to reform the Augustinians. But indeed it very often happened that two houses of the same order, separated by only a few miles of country, might be in a very different condition ; and the same house which at one visitation was censured might a few years later be praised ; not because of any fault in the times, or in the order, but simply because of the change of superiors. This fact has not perhaps received as much consideration as it deserves : duly weighed, it will account for a good deal that would otherwise be difficult to understand.

Five of the Buckinghamshire monasteries were destined to come to an end before the general dissolution. The priory of Luffield was suppressed in 1494 to endow Henry the Seventh's new chapel at West- minster ; and the priories of Tickford, Ravenstone, and Brad well formed part of the endowment of Cardinal's College in 1524. The priory of Chetwode had been absorbed into the abbey of Nutley in 1461.

The priory, of Luffied was probably the first house of this order in Bucknghamshire, and was dedicated to the honour of St. Mary ; the name of the founder Robert de Bossu, Earl of Leicester, shows the date of founda- tion to have been earlier than 1133. Gifts of land for the support of the monastery were confirmed by Henry I. and the Empress Maud and also by bulls of Eugemus III. and Alexander III.: there is no well-known name among its benefactors except that of Hamo son of Meinfelin. The endowments in the twelfth century were not extensive, and no considerable gifts were added at any later time, so that the number of monks must always have been small. The house seems to have been reckoned almost from the first as a royal foundation, and the royal patronage was of real advantage in at least one case of need. For we are told by the chronicler of Dun- stable that in the year 1244 a band of five- and-twenty robbers burst into the monastery while the monks were singing vespers, and carried away all the portable ornaments of the church, with everything else they could

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Rh lay hands on, not even sparing the sacred vessels : whereupon the king not only con- soled the monks with kind words, but sent them three new chalices and the necessary vestments for three chaplains, as well as £15 in money. In November 1286 the debts of the house had become so serious that Ed- ward I. took the priory under his protection and appointed a royal clerk, Richard de Rothewell, to the custody of the temporalities during his pleasure. The house is here de- scribed as being of the patronage of the king. As pertaining to his prerogatives the king exercised the right of imposing boarders, and on 20 August, 1316, John de Ditton, clerk, obtained letters to the prior and con- vent entitling him to receive the pension they were bound to grant to one of the king's clerks by reason of the new creation of a prior. Some years later, in February 1333-4, Robert de la Chapelle was sent to the house to receive such maintenance as John Close, deceased, had had.

Not much is known of the external history of the priory, though the names of the priors are found in regular succession both in the episcopal registers and the patent rolls. There is no record even of any important law- suit connected with this house. Finally, in the year 1493, when the number of inmates was reduced to three, King Henry VII. pe- titioned Pope Alexander VI. to allow him to suppress the house and apply its revenues, the yearly value of which was estimated at 260 florins auri de camera, to the chapel and chantry which he had founded next to St. George's, Windsor, together with a hospital for the poor and other ' miserable persons ' in the town of the same. The Bull which granted this request describes the monastery as situated in a deserted place, and inhabited for some time past by a prior with only two monks, who had not even been professed in the house : the buildings had fallen into al- most irreparable ruin through the neglect of those who had charge of them. A sub- sequent Bull of Julius II. allowed the king to apply the revenues of the priory to his new chapel at Westminster instead of to Windsor, and this plan was carried into effect four or five years later.

Archbishop Peckham visited the priory early in 1280 and found the conduct of the prior, William de Esteneston, so bad that he absolved him from office. The monks ob- tained leave to elect, and on 8 March, 1279- 80, the king signified his assent to the election of Adam de Hanred or Henred. The arch- bishop wrote to Oliver Button, then bishop- elect of Lincoln, forbidding him to assign any pension or portion to the late prior of Luffield beyond the common share, unless he should think fit to send him to do penance for his excesses in another monastery, stating that in the face of his express prohibitions and on the very day of the archbishop's departure the prior had admitted women into the cloister of the monastery and had wasted the goods of the house on them. Archbishop Peckham visited the priory again in the autumn of 1284, and found that William de Esteneston had prevailed on his diocesan to grant him the usual privileges of a retired superior for so long as he should behave himself honestly and regularly. This indulgence the archbishop found he had grossly abused, and on 15 No- vember Peckham issued a decree that brother William de Esteneston should be deprived of the special chamber assigned to him in the infirmary, which should henceforth be re- stored for the use of the sick, that he should take his meals with the monks in the refectory, and share the food of the ordinary brothers, should sleep in the dormitory and attend the day and night offices in the church unless obviously ill, should receive the same treat- ment in the infirmary if he should fall ill as any other brother, and that his servant (garcio) should lodge with the other servants of the community and not within the cloister. The archbishop, in order to prevent the abuse spreading, ordered that the door leading from the chamber occupied by the late prior into the orchard should be locked and the key kept by the prior until a wall could be built round the orchard. After that the sick should have liberty to go in and out of the orchard until sunset, when the door should be locked and the key placed in the custody of the prior. If the culprit refused to adhere to these re- gulations he was to be separated from the community and kept in seclusion according to their rule until he rendered humble obedi- ence. If he should show signs of apostasy, as was to be feared, or attempt to renew his crimes, he was to be placed in close custody.

There was much discord in the house at the close of the century, which showed itself in several successive elections. In 1285 Bishop

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Rh

William de Cahainges holds of Geoffrey 3½ hides as one manor. There is land for 3½ ploughs. On the demesne is 1 ; and 3 villeins and 1 bordar have 2 ploughs, and there could be half a plough (more). There is i serf, and meadow (sufficient) for 3 plough (teams). In all (totis valentiii) it is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 40 shillings. This manor Ulf, a man of Asgar the staller, held and could sell. Of the same land Alwi held half a hide. He was a man of Alwin Varus and could sell (it).

M. Gilbert de Gand holds [Edlesborough]. It is assessed at 20 hides. There is land for 14 ploughs. In the de- mesne are 10 hides, and on it are 4 ploughs ; and 26 villeins with 4 bordars have 10 ploughs. There are 10 serfs, and 2 mills worth (de) 15 shillings and 4 pence, and meadow (sufficient) for 4 plough (teams), and woodland (to feed) 400 swine. In all (totis valentiis) it is and was worth 13 pounds ; T.R.E. 14 pounds. This manor Ulf, a thegn of King Edward, held and could sell.

In [Horton ] Swarting holds of Gilbert 3 virgates. There is land for half a plough, and (a) plough is there. This land is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 6 shillings and 8 pence. This land a certain man of Ulf held. He could not assign (dare) or sell except by his consent.

Miles Crispin holds in [Upton ] 1½ hides, and Alric holds of him. There is land for 1 plough, and it is there with 1 vil- lein and 2 bordars. There are 2 serfs. It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 2O shillings. The same thegn (Istemet tegnus ) held it T.R.E.

{{c|{{sc|In Burenham [Burnham] Hundret}} M. Ralf holds of Miles {{sc|Dornei}} [Dorney]. It is assessed at 3 hides. There is land for 3 ploughs. On the demesne is 1 ; and 5 villeins with 4 bordars have 2 ploughs. There are 2 serfs, meadow (sufficient) for 3 plough (teams) and for the horses, and 1 fishery of 500 eels, and woodland (to feed) 150 swine. It is worth 30 shillings ; when received 10 shillings ; T.R.E. 60 shillings. This manor Aldred, a man of Earl Morcar, held and could sell.

Ralf and Roger hold of Miles {{sc|Hucheham}} [Hitcham]. It is assessed at 6 hides. There is land for 6 ploughs. On the demesne are 2 ; and 8 villeins have 4 ploughs. There are 3 serfs, meadow (sufficient) for the plough (teams), woodland (to feed) 100 swine. From {{smaller|fo. 150.}} a fishery (come) 500 eels. In all (totis valentiis) it is worth 4 pounds ; when received 20 shil- lings ; T.R.E. 100 shillings. This manor Haming, a thegn of King Edward, held and could sell.

{{c|{{sc|In Dustenberg [Desborough ] Hundret}}}}

{{sc|In Merlaue}} [Marlow] Ralf and Roger hold of Miles 8½ hides and half a virgate. There is land for 6 ploughs. On the demesne are 2 ; and 14 villeins with 6 bordars have 4 ploughs. There are 2 serfs, meadow (suffi- cient) for 6 plough (teams), woodland (to feed) 200 swine and (worth) 12 pence (besides). It is and was worth 60 shillings ; T.R.E. 4 pounds. This land Haming, a thegn of King Edward, held and could sell.

In {{sc|Santesdune}} [Saunderton] Osbert holds of Miles 5 hides. There is land for 5 ploughs. On the demesne are 2 ; and 13 villeins with 5 bordars have 3 ploughs. There are 2 serfs, and 2 mills worth (de) 8 shillings, meadow (sufficient) for 1 plough (team), woodland (to feed) 50 swine. It is and was worth 100 shillings ; T.R.E. 6 pounds. This manor Alric, a man of Earl Harold, held and could sell. {{nop}} {{smallrefs}}

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User:Kumioko

Just creating this page so I won't see the red link anymore. I have been editing in the English Wikipedia for years but have been expanding out into other areas.

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Rh In [? Aston (Sandford)] 2 men hold of Miles half a hide. There is land for half a plough, and this is there with 2 villeins. There is meadow (sufficient) for half a plough (team). It is and was worth 10 shillings ; T.R.E. 15 shillings. This land Ulvric and Coleman, men of Brictric, held and could sell.

M. Miles himself holds [Shab- bington]. It is assessed at 10 hides. There is land for 10 ploughs. In the demesne are hides, and on it are 3 ploughs ; and 12 vil- leins with 7 bordars have 7 ploughs. There are 6 serfs, and 1 mill worth (de) 1 shillings, and meadow (sufficient) for 6 plough (teams). From a fishery (come) 100 eels. There is woodland (to feed) 100 swine. This manor is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 10 pounds. Wigot of Walingeford [Wal- lingford] held it.

In [Ickford] Richard holds of Miles hides. There is land for 4 ploughs. On the demesne is 1 ; and 6 villeins have 3 ploughs. There are 2 serfs, and meadow (sufficient) for 4 plough (teams). In all (totis valentiis) it is worth 3 pounds ; when received 4 pounds ; and the same T.R.E.

In ASSEDUNE [Ashendon] Wichin' holds of Miles 2 hides. There is land for 2 ploughs, and these are there with 3 bordars. There is meadow (sufficient) for 2 plough (teams). It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 30 shillings. The same man held it T.R.E. and could sell (it).

In [Chearsley] Richard holds of Miles 1 hides. There is land for 1 plough and this is there with 1 villein and 1 bordar. There are 2 serfs, and meadow (sufficient) for I plough (team). It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 22 shillings. This land Alden, a man of Earl Harold, held and could sell.

In {{sc|Sortelai [{{gap}} ] 2 men hold of Miles 1 hide. There is land for 1 plough, and this is there with 1 villein and i1bordar. Meadow is there (sufficient) for 1 plough (team), woodland (to feed) 30 swine. It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 10 shillings. This land 2 thegns, men of Brictric, held and could sell.

M. In {{sc|Chentone}} [Quainton] Miles holds 7½ hides. There is land for 9 ploughs. In the demesne are 3 hides, and on it are 3 ploughs ; and 21 villeins with 6 bordars have 6 ploughs. There are 6 serfs, meadow (sufficient) for 2 plough (teams), woodland (to feed) 100 swine. In all (totis valentiis) it is and was worth 7 pounds ; T.R.E. 8 pounds. This manor Wigot of Walingeford [Wallingford] held.

Two men hold of Miles {{sc|Bichedone}} [Beach- ington, or Beachendon ] as 2 hides. There is land for 3 ploughs, and these are there with 2 villeins and 3 bordars. There is meadow (sufficient) for 2 plough (teams). It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 25 shillings. The same men (Istimet) held it T.R.E. one a man of Brictric, the other a man of Azor and could sell (it).

{{c|{{sc|In Votesdone [Waddesdon] Hundret}} }} M. Miles himself holds VOTESDONE [Wad- desdon]. It is assessed at 27 hides. There is land for 28 ploughs. In the demesne are 10 hides, and on it are 8 ploughs ; and 50 villeins with 10 bordars have 20 ploughs. There are 17 serfs and 1 mill worth (de) 12 shillings, meadow (sufficient) for 28 plough (teams) and woodland (to feed) 150 swine. In all (totis valentiis) it is worth 30 pounds ; when re- ceived 16 pounds; T.R.E. 30 pounds. This manor Brictric, a man of Queen Eddid, held.

In {{sc|Claidone}} [(East) Claydon ] 2 Englishmen hold of Miles 2 hides. There is land for i plough, and this is there with 3 bordars. There is meadow (sufficient) for 1 plough (team). It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 20 shillings. The same men held it T.R.E. They were men of Ham- ing. They could sell (their land).

In {{sc|Claidone}} [(East) Claydon] Geoffrey holds of Miles 7 hides and 3 virgates as I manor. There is land for 5 ploughs. On the demesne are 2 ; and 4 villeins with 3 bordars have 3 ploughs. There are 3 serfs, meadow (sufficient) for 2 plough (teams), and woodland (to feed) 100 swine. In all it is worth 4 pounds ; when received 20 shillings ; T.R.E. 4 pounds.

In {{sc|Merstone}} [(North ?) Marston ] Seric {{smallrefs}}

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The Religious Houses of Buckingshamshire, though fairly numer- ous, were for the most part small and insignificant : only three of them indeed fell outside the range of the first Act of Suppression in 1534. Not one of them was built before the Conquest, nor is record preserved of any religious foundation at all in the county before the end of the eleventh century. The Cluniac priory of Tickford was probably the earliest, and that was not in existence before the compilation of the Domesday Survey. The next in order of foundation seems to have been the abbey of Missenden, which followed the Arrouasian form of the Augustinian rule ; its earliest charter is dated 1133. Nutley Abbey, of the same order, was probably founded about the same time, the Cistercian abbey of Biddlesden in 1147, five small Benedictine prioriesat Luffield, Bradwell, Ankerwick, Ivinghoe and Little Marlowand the Premonstratensian abbey of Lavendon in the course of the twelfth century. As many as six Reli- gious Houses of different orders were founded during the thirteenth century in this county: Medmenham (Cistercian) in 1204; Snelshall (Benedictine) about 1219; Chetwode (Augustinian) in 1245; Raven- stone (Augustinian) in 1255 ; Burnham (Augustinian nuns) in 1266 ; and Ashridge (Bonhommes) as late as 1283. There were no friars in the county till the Earl of Ormond established a house of Minorites at Aylesbury in 1387. A Commandery of Knights Hospitallers was founded at Hogshaw some time during the reign of Henry II. and there was a small Preceptory of Knights Templars at Bulstrode. Two alien priories at Wing and Newton Longville make up a total of twenty- one Religious Houses in all. Besides these there were at least twelve hospitals, all dating from the twelfth or early thirteenth centuries : two at Buckingham, two at Aylesbury, two at Newport Pagnel, three at High Wycombe, and three more at Ludgershall, Stony Stratford, and Wendover. Doubtless there were others besides of which no record has yet been found : it seems probable that all large towns had one or two, during the thirteenth century at any rate.

The chief interest of the Buckinghamshire houses lies in the contribution which they make towards the study of the smaller monas-

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540 Skin all sallow, flesh all sodden,

Form the Devil would frighten G—d in.

Is't a Corpse stuck up for show,

Galvanized at times to go?

With the Scripture has't connection,

New proof of the Resurrection?

Vampire, Ghost, or Goul (sic), what is it?

I would walk ten miles to miss it.

ANSWER.

passengers arrest one,

To demand the same free question.

Shorter's my reply and franker,—

That's the Bard, and Beau, and Banker:

Yet, if you could bring about

Just to turn him inside out,

Satan's self would seem less sooty,

And his present aspect—Beauty.

Mark that (as he masks the bilious)

Air so softly supercilious,

Chastened bow, and mock humility,

Almost sickened to Servility:

Hear his tone (which is to talking

That which creeping is to walking—

Now on all fours, now on tiptoe):

Hear the tales he lends his lip to—

Little hints of heavy scandals—

Every friend by turns he handles:

All that women or that men do

Glides forth in an inuendo (sic)—

Clothed in odds and ends of humour,

Herald of each paltry rumour—


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Rh From divorces down to dresses,

Woman's frailties, Man's excesses:

All that life presents of evil

Make for him a constant revel.

You're his foe—for that he fears you,

And in absence blasts and sears you:

You're his friend—for that he hates you,

First obliges, and then baits you,

Darting on the opportunity

When to do it with impunity:

You are neither—then he'll flatter,

Till he finds some trait for satire;

Hunts your weak point out, then shows it,

Where it injures, to expose it

In the mode that's most insidious,

Adding every trait that's hideous—

From the bile, whose blackening river

Rushes through his Stygian liver.

Then he thinks himself a lover—

Why? I really can't discover,

In his mind, age, face, or figure;

Viper broth might give him vigour:

Let him keep the cauldron steady,

He the venom has already.

For his faults—he has but one;

'Tis but Envy, when all's done:

He but pays the pain he suffers,

Clipping, like a pair of Snuffers,

Light that ought to burn the brighter

For this temporary blighter.

He's the Cancer of his Species,

And will eat himself to pieces,—


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542 Plague personified and Famine,—

Devil, whose delight is damning.

For his merits—don't you know 'em?

Once he wrote a pretty Poem. 1818. [First published, Fraser's Magazine, January, 1833, vol. vii. pp. 82-84.]

THE DUEL.

1.

fifty years, and yet their fray

To us might seem but yesterday.


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Rh 'Tis fifty years, and three to boot,

Since, hand to hand, and foot to foot,

And heart to heart, and sword to sword,

One of our Ancestors was gored.

I've seen the sword that slew him; he,

The slain, stood in a like degree

To thee, as he, the Slayer, stood

(Oh had it been but other blood!)

In kin and Chieftainship to me.

Thus came the Heritage to thee.

2.

To me the Lands of him who slew

Came through a line of yore renowned;

For I can boast a race as true

To Monarchs crowned, and some discrowned,

As ever Britain's Annals knew:

For the first Conqueror gave us Ground,

And the last Conquered owned the line

Which was my mother's, and is mine.

3.

I loved thee—I will not say how,

Since things like these are best forgot:


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544 Perhaps thou may'st imagine now

Who loved thee, and who loved thee not.

And thou wert wedded to another,

And I at last another wedded:

I am a father, thou a mother,

To Strangers vowed, with strangers bedded.

For land to land, even blood to blood—

Since leagued of yore our fathers were—

Our manors and our birthright stood;

And not unequal had I wooed,

If to have wooed thee I could dare.

But this I never dared—even yet

When naught is left but to forget.

I feel that I could only love:

To sue was never meant for me,

And least of all to sue to thee;

For many a bar, and many a feud,

Though never told, well understood

Rolled like a river wide between—

And then there was the Curse of blood,

Which even my Heart's can not remove.

Alas! how many things have been!

Since we were friends; for I alone

Feel more for thee than can be shown.

4.

How many things! I loved thee—thou

Loved'st me not: another was

The Idol of thy virgin vow,

And I was, what I am, Alas!

And what he is, and what thou art,

And what we were, is like the rest:

We must endure it as a test,

And old Ordeal of the Heart. Venice, Dec. 29, 1818.


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Rh Sutton deprived the brethren of their right of election, because of the dissensions which arose at the resignation of the prior : and finding no one in the house whom he thought capable of holding office, he on his own authority re-appointed Adam de Hanred, the monk who had just resigned. In 1287 Adam again resigned, and on 26 May a licence to elect having been obtained, the brethren elected Richard de Silveston. The royal assent to his election was signified on 18 June, but on that day a messenger arrived from the convent bearing the resignation of brother Richard and requesting another licence to elect. This having been obtained, the choice of the priory fell on a brother from another monasteryJohn of Houghton, from the priory of Daventry. He in his turn re- signed two years later, and became a Friar minor : the monk elected in his place resigned the office, and Peter of Saldeston or Shalstone was finally appointed. In 1294 the bishop visited the house, and deposed Peter of Shal- stone, because he would not obey the in- junctions then given as to the management of the property of the convent, and William of Brackley was elected. After this the house must have enjoyed greater peace, for William ruled it nearly twenty years, and his successor twenty-eight years. The only other recorded visitation of this monastery was in 1311, by order of Bishop Dalderby ; its results are not entered in the episcopal registers. In 1347 the prior was enjoined to receive back an apostate monk, who wished to resume the habit of religion. The death of the prior is recorded in the year of the Great Pestilence, and it is stated that all the monks died of the plague. It may be that, like many other small houses, the priory of Luffield never fully recovered its original numbers or prosperity after this year. The last prior, Thomas Rowland, on the sup- pression of the house in 1494, retired to the abbey of Abingdon, of which he died Lord Abbot in 1504.

The original endowment of the priory con- sisted of the demesne land at Luffield, with other parcels of land in Thornborough, Shal- stone and Evershaw in this county, at ' Flec- hamsteda ' in Warwickshire, and at Dodford in Northamptonshire ; with the churches of Thornborough, Beachampton and Water Stratford and the Chapel of Evershaw. The total value of temporalities in 1291 was £24 19s. 7½d. ; the spiritualities could not have amounted to much, as the churches of Thornborough and Water Stratford were both of less than £10 value, and vicar's por- tions had to be paid out of this.

In 1316 the prior of Luffield was returned as holding half the vill of Shalstone, half the vill of Evershaw, and one third of Thorn- borough. In 1346 he held the same portion of Thornborough, and shared with the abbot of Biddlesden one eighth of a knight's fee in Evershaw.

The value of the house, as stated in the bull of Alexander VI. for its annexation, is stated to have been 260 golden florins.

Mauger, first prior, occurs before 1133 William, occurs 1151 Ralf, occurs 1174 John William, before 1218 Roger, died 1231 William de Brackley, elected 1231

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Rh holds of Miles 1 hide. There is land for 1 plough, and this is there with 1 bordar. There is meadow (sufficient) for 1 plough (team). It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 20 shillings. The same man held it T.R.E. ; he was a man of Brictric and could sell (it).

In [Soulbury] Roger holds of Miles 1 hide and 1½ virgates. There is land for 3 ploughs. On the demesne is 1 ; and 2 villeins have another and there could be a third. There is meadow (sufficient) for 2 plough (teams). It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 20 shillings. This land Almar, a man of Brictric, held. He could not sell it except by his consent.

In [Hollingdon] a Nigel holds of Miles I virgate. There is land for half a plough, and this is there with 1 villein. It is and was worth 3 shillings; T.R.E. 4 shil- lings. He who held this land could not as- sign (dare) or sell it T.R.E.

In [Wingrave] Nigel holds of Miles 5 hides as one manor. There is land for 5 ploughs. There 7 villeins with 2 bor- dars have 2½ ploughs and there could be as many (more). There is 1 serf, and meadow (sufficient) for 5 plough (teams). It is worth 40 shillings; when received 100 shillings ; and as much T.R.E. This manor Brictric, a man of Queen Eddid, held and could sell.

In the same vill Turstin the priest holds of Miles half a hide. There is land for half a plough. There is I villein, and meadow (sufficient) for half a plough (team). It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 10 shillings. This land Lemar, a man of Brictric, held and could sell.

In the same vill Almar holds of Miles 2 hides as one manor. There is land for 3 ploughs. On the demesne is 1 ; and 7 villeins have 2 ploughs. There is meadow (sufficient) for 3 plough (teams). It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 40 shillings. This manor Almar, a man of Brictric, held and could sell.

In [Littlecote] Robert holds of Miles 1 hide. There is land for 1 plough, and this is there with I villein and meadow (sufficient) for 1 plough (team). It is worth 15 shillings; when received 5 shillings; T.R.E. 25 shillings. This land, Herch, a man of Brictric, held and could sell.

In [Hardwick] William holds of Miles 1 hide. There is land for 1 plough, and this is there with 2 bordars. Meadow is there (sufficient) for 1 plough (team). It is worth 20 shillings ; when received 10 shil- lings ; T.R.E. 20 shillings. This land Osulf held and could sell.

In [Burston ] William holds of Miles 3 virgates. There is land for 1 plough. There are 3 villeins and meadow (sufficient) for i plough (team). It is and was worth 1 5 shillings ; T.R.E. 20 shillings. This land Osulf, a man of Brictric, held and could sell.

M. In [Pitstone] Roger holds of Miles 5 hides as one manor. There is land for 2 ploughs. On the demesne is 1 ; and 3 villeins with 1 bordar have half a plough and there could be half a plough (more). There is woodland to (feed) 40 swine. It is worth 30 shillings ; when re- ceived 20 shillings ; T.R.E. 40 shillings. This manor Lepsi, a man of Brictric, held and could sell.

In the same vill Suerting holds of Miles 2 hides. There is land for 1 plough, and it is there with 1 bordar and 2 serfs. Woodland is there (to feed) 25 swine. It is and was worth 10 shillings; T.R.E. 20 shillings. This land Lepsi, a man of Brictric, held and could sell.

In [Horton ] Suerting holds of Miles I hide. There is land for a half plough. fo. 150b The plough is there, with 1 villein and 2 serfs and meadow sufficient for half a plough (team). It is and was worth T.R.E. and after (valuit semper) 13 shillings and 4 pence. Lepsi, a man of Brictric, held it and could sell.

} In STIVELAI [Stewkley] Nigel holds of

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text:
Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Pittsburgh

PITTSBURGH, the second largest city of Pennsylvania, and the leading iron, steel, and glass manufacturing centre of the United States, lies at the confluence of the Allegheny and the Monongahela, which unite here to form the Ohio, 250 miles west by north of Philadelphia. The business quarter of the city is built on a nearly level triangular plain, between the two rivers, measuring about three quarters of a mile on each side back to the hills which rise to the east.

Plan of Pittsburgh.

The manufacturing establishments stretch for a distance of 7 miles up the Allegheny, 7 up the Monongahela, and 2 down the Ohio, and occupy the strip of low ground usually a few hundred feet broad between the river banks and the hills which generally face them. The slope of the hills to the east of the business quarter is closely built with residences and retail stores for the distance of a mile and a half, but the summits, 400 or 500 feet high, are partially unoccupied. Beyond the hills extends a rolling country which, for a space of about 5 miles long by 2 wide is occupied by the villas of the citizens. The hills facing the rivers are generally precipitous, and vary in height from 300 to 600 feet, but at different points they recede from the river banks and afford sites for the suburbs of Lawrenceville (on the Allegheny), Hazlewood, and Birmingham (on the north and south banks respectively of the Monongahela), which are within the municipality of Pittsburgh, and (on the north bank of the Allegheny and Ohio) for the city of Allegheny, which, with its separate municipal government and population of 78,000 inhabitants, is commercially and socially a part of Pittsburgh. The two cities together cover an irregular space of 9 miles between the extreme eastern and western points, with a breadth varying from 2 to 4 miles.

From the character of its site Pittsburgh would naturally be very attractive, but the free use of the bituminous coal which has been the principal agent in its development has so spoiled its beauty as to give it the name of the Smoky City. Not only do the manufacturing quarters show long lines of smoke-stained buildings, but the business quarter, which is composed of rather narrow streets laid out early in the century, is mainly constructed of brick and iron, and in spite of the presence of some fine public buildings in granite and brown stone—the municipal hall, the petroleum exchange, the new United States post office and court-house (1884), the new county court-house (1884), &c.—has a generally grimy and unattractive appearance. A better opinion of the wealth and taste of

the city is obtained from a view of the suburban quarters of the East End and the parks and residence quarters of Allegheny. And, all disfigurement and dirtiness notwithstanding, it is full of interesting and striking sights. The interiors of its rolling-mills and glass-houses, and the views of the city from the surrounding hills, with the manufacturing quarters marked out by their smoke by day and their fires by night, are of a unique and picturesque character. Along the rivers are fleets of steamers towing barges laden with coal for consumption at this point and for shipment to the cities lower down. Joining the various quarters of the city are ten bridges for ordinary traffic and four railway viaducts, among which the Point Bridge and the Smithfield Street Bridge are fine examples of engineering in iron. Six inclined-plane railways afford access to the summits of the high hills.


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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive his old acquaintance Diem was the only man for the job in Saigon. He said the issue "is not Diem as an individual but rather the program for which he stands." That program "represents genuine nationalism,...is prepared to deal effectively with corruption and...demonstrates a concern in advancing the welfare of the Vietnamese people." The Senator felt it "improbable" that any other leadership "dedicated to these principles" could be found and recommended the Government "consider an immediate suspension of all aid to Vietnam and the French Union Forces there, except that of a humanitarian nature, preliminary to a complete reappraisal of our present policies in Free Vietnam" if Diem fell.

The Mansfield Report elated Diem (who proceeded to react with even more intransigent self-righteousness to suggestions of change), subdued the French and annoyed Paris. For those Frenchmen who favored conciliation with the Viet Minh, Mansfield's analysis proved the validity of their policy. Obviously, they said, if Diem falls the U.S. will heed Mansfield and withdraw from Vietnam. Equally obviously, they said, Diem will fall. , France should start "betting on Viet Minh to win war." To French officials willing to back Diem the Report and Washington's endorsement of it was a violation of the Franco–American agreement to support another government if Diem fell. When Mendes-France reminded Dulles of this and spoke of the need to lay plans for "another structure of government" which both France and the US could support, Dulles was noncommittal.

 * 4.

President Eisenhower's letter to Diem of 24 October (written August and shown to the French at that time; held up until the political situation in South Vietnam settled somewhat; finally approved for transmission at the October 22 NSC meeting) was called a direct violation of the principle of cooperative action agreed upon in September by Minister La Chambre. French Ambassador Bonnet told Secretary Dulles that "it was felt (the letter) had given Diem full rein without requiring of him as a preliminary condition that he should first succeed in forming a strong and stable government, even though this preliminary condition had been a part of the basis of the Washington agreements." Bonnet added that the letter might be a violation of the armistice and the Viet Minh might take advantage of it. Then, when Ambassador Dillon suggested to the Quai d'Orsay that French support for Diem had not been all that it might have been, La Chambre was inflamed. Not only was this a false allegation, it was a direct slur on General Ely, the government in Paris and the glory of France. M. La Chambre said he was personally convinced Diem was leading South Vietnam to disaster but would still support him:

"We prefer to lose in Vietnam with the US rather than to win without them...we would rather support Diem knowing he is going to lose and thus keep Franco–US solidarity than to pick someone who could retain Vietnam for the free world if this meant breaking Franco–US solidarity."

Rh


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Page:VCH Buckinghamshire 1.djvu/484

Rh Thames, river [Tamesia], 222,259a 'Thapeslau.' See Taplow Thornborough [Torneberge], 270b Thornton [Ternitone], 227, 269b Thurleigh (Beds), 213 Ticheshele [Tichesela, Tichessele] Hundred, now part of Ashendon Hundred, 225, 227, 236b, 239a 243b, 248a, 258a, 259a, 261a, 268a, 268b, 273a, note 270a Tickford [Ticheforde], 257a Tickford Priory, 213 ' Tilleberie.' See Turville Tingewick [Tedinwiche], 212,217 238b Tirefelde. See Turville 'Toeverde.' See Twyford Towersey. See Kingsey and Towersey Turville [Tilleberie], 268a Turville, Weston. See Weston Turville Turweston [Turvestone], 225, 266b Twyford [Toeverde], 221, 267b and note Tyghelhurst. See Tyler's Green Tyler's (Green) [Dilcherst], 235b Tyringham [Tedlingham, Telingham], 222, 240a, 256a ' Ulchetone.' See Woughton-on-the-Green ' Ulsdone.' See Hillesden ' Ulsiestone.' See Woolstone Upton (in Dinton) [Opetone, Upetone], 253a, 260a Upton (by Slough) [Opetone], 209, 210, 222, 232b

' Votesdone.' See Waddesdon

' Waborne.' See Wooburn Waddesdon [Votesdone], 214, 26ib and note Waddesdon [Votesdon, Votesdone] Hundred, now part of Ashendon Hundred, 225, 227, 237a, 239b, 242a, 253b, 254b, 259a, 261b, 263b, 265b ' Wadone.' See Whaddon Waldrige [Wadruge, Waldruge], 227, 236b, 259a Wallingford, Honour of, 214, notes 26lb, 262b ' Wandoure,' ' Wandovre.' See Wendover Water Stratford. See Stratford, Water Wavendon [Wavendone, Wawendone], 246b, 247a, 265a, 275b Wendover [Wandoure.Wandovre, Wendovre], 208, 209, 220, 222, 232a, 276a, note 220 Wendover Dean (?) [Wandene], 276a ' Weneslai.' See Winslow ' Wermelle.' See Worminghall Westbury [Westberie], 217, 237b, note 269a Westbury (by Shenley) [Westberie], 211, 269a and note ' Weston,' 235a Weston Turville [Weston], 234b note 235a Weston (Underwood) [Westone], 240b, 246b, 273b West Wycombe. See Wycombe, West Whaddon [Wadone], 250a Whaddon (in Slapton) [Wadone], 237a, 264b Whinch (Bottom) (?) [Hanechedone], 236b Whitchurch [Wicherce], 249a Whitwell (Cambs), 224 ' Wicg.' See Droitwich ' Wicherce.' See Whitchurch ' Wicumbe.' See Wycombe Winchendon (Nether) [Wichendone], 222, 248b Winchendon (Over) [Witchende], 243a Windsor [Windesores], 224, 268b Barony of, 224 Wing [Witehunge], 208, 222, 244a, note 271b Wingrave [Withungrave, Withungrave], 214, 244a, 262a, 272a Winslow [Weneslai], 242b ' Wirecesberie,' ' Wiretesberie,' See Wraysbury ' Witchende,' ' Wichendone.' See Winchendon ' Wlsiestone.' See Woolstone Woburn (Beds), 219 Wolverton [Wlverintone], 215, Wooburn [Waborne], 209, 210, 234a Woolstone (Great) [Ulsiestone],212, 219, 251b Woolstone (Little) [Ulsiestone, Wlsiestone], 251a, 256a Worminghall [Wermelle], 216, 239a Wotton (Underwood) [Oltone], 249a Woughton-on-the-Green [Ulchetone], 225, 246a, 272a Wratworth (Cambs), 224 Wraysbury (alias Wyrardisbury) [Wirecesberie, Wiretesberie], 222, 223, 259a Wycombe [Wicumbe], 236a, 243a, note 214 Wycombe (High) [Wicumbe] 214, 218, 223, 225, 258a, note 236b Wycombe (West) [Wicumbe],223, 233a, 243b, notes 234a, 243b Wyrardisbury. See Wraysbury Yardley [Erlai] Hundred, now part of Cottesloe Hundred, 225, 227, 233b 237a, 242b, 244b, 249b, 255s, 257b, 258b, 259b, 260a, 262b, 264b, 270a, 271b, 276b ' Ypestan.' See Ibstone

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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive In response, Secretary Dulles formally told Mendes-France that both the Eisenhower letter and the stronger U.S. action were "in furtherance of the understandings reached at Washington." The U.S. had not "the slightest idea of questioning the good faith of the French government" but "many French officials have not concealed their belief that Diem has failed...and...should be replaced." This attitude produced an "impasse in Saigon" necessitating firmer action. La Chambre received this with "little comment" other than to suggest appointment of Nguyen Van Tam (General Hinh's father, Premier during 1952–1953 and a strong-even oppressive-administrator) to the Interior Ministry. La Chambre called this a "way out of the mess...(for) here is a man who knows how to fight Communists." As in the past, the U.S. rejected the proposal.

 * 5.

The initial U.S. action program rested on three assumptions: that Diem could be persuaded to accept U.S. proposals, that Hinh would obey the government, that the French at all levels would cooperate. None proved immediately valid. So the U.S. adopted yet another tactic. General J. Lawton Collins, U.S. Representative to the NATO Military Committee, was dispatched to Vietnam on November 8 with the personal rank of Ambassador (Heath returned to the State Department). As President Eisenhower described it, Collins' mission was:

"to coordinate and direct a program in support of (Diem's) government to enable it to: (a) promote internal security and political and economic stability; (b) establish and maintain control throughout the territory; and (c) effectively counteract Viet Minh infiltration and paramilitary activities south of the demarkation line."

After initial resistance to the Collins mission (seen as a precursor to complete U.S. take-over of Indochina), General Ely established a close working relationship with Collins. A seven-point program for political, military and economic action was quickly designed. On December 13, Ely and Collins signed a Minute of Understanding agreeing that France would grant full autonomy to the VNA by July 1, 1955 and that the U.S. would assume training duties in January. They agreed the French Expeditionary Corps must remain in Vietnam and the level of financial assistance suggested by Collins ($100 million through December 1955 after which assistance was not contemplated) was adopted by the Foreign Operations Administration and subsequently announced to Paris. Aid was contingent upon consultation with Congress and "subject to Ely and Collins and the two governments mutually agreeing on what is to be done in Indochina."

 * 6.

Paris was unhappy about the aid figure — a third of what France requested. Consequently, withdrawal of French forces was speeded: of the 150,000 troops scheduled to remain in Vietnam through 1955, all but 35,000 were phased out. Monetary reasons were said to be Rh


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Page:U.S. Department of the Interior Annual Report 1871.djvu/14

12 The public surveys have been extended during said year over 22,016,608 acres, which, with the area already surveyed, make an aggregate of 550,879,069 acres, leaving an estimated area yet to be surveyed equal to 1,284,119,331 acres. In addition to this, the eastern boundary line of Nevada has been completed and verified in the field by astronomical observations and determinations, and a contract has since been entered into for the survey of the Utah-Idaho boundary line, which survey is now being prosecuted.

The estimates submitted by the Commissioner for the astronomical surveys of boundaries between certain States and Territories are recommended to the favorable consideration of Congress, in view of their importance as controlling questions of jurisdiction and title.

The Commissioners report contains a very full synopsis of the laws governing the adjustment of private land-claims in California. Special attention is invited to that part of the report relating to private land-claims in the Territories of New Mexico, Arizona, and Colorado, setting forth the necessity for further legislation in regard to such claims.

The increased value of lands in these Territories, consequent upon the extension of railroads, is rapidly attracting settlers, and it is a matter of the greatest importance to their future prosperity that the private lands should be separated from the public domain at the earliest possible period, to accomplish which result existing legislation is inadequate.

I join in the recommendation made by the Commissioner for the appointment of a commission similar to that created by the act of 3d March, 1857, for the adjustment of titles of the same kind in California, and for the enactment of a statute explanatory of the intent of Congress, as to whether the provisions of the second section of the act of March. 3, 1869, (United States Statutes, vol. 15, page 342,) relating to the issuing of patents, applies only to claims confirmed by said act, or also to claims the titles to which were confirmed by previous acts, but which contained no provision for the issuing of patents.

The Commissioner, treating upon the operations of the pre-emption privilege, and the complications constantly arising under the same, thinks it questionable whether the pre-emption law, as now administered, is any longer a necessity to our public-land system, regarding the provisions of the homestead act sufficient at the date of its passage for a measure of complete substitution for the pre-emption laws, if we except the omission of the single feature of priority of settlement, which was not recognized under the pre-emption laws. I coincide with the views entertained by the Commissioner, that a complete unification of the law of settlement-rights is now not only desirable, but easily attainable, and recognizing the fact that some action should be taken to secure this; I therefore endorse the recommendation for farther


text: Author talk:Frederick Vincent Brooks

title: Author talk:Frederick Vincent Brooks


text:
Author:James Fairchild Hudson

Works

 * The railways and the republic, New York: Harper & Bros., 1886 and 1889
 * A silver symposium: being an analysis of the money issue; containing vital facts on free coinage with unanswerable questions affecting this campaign, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania: The Dispatch Pub. Co., 1896

title: Author:James Fairchild Hudson


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Page:U.S. Department of the Interior Annual Report 1871.djvu/15

Rh suggested by the Commissioner for the reasons detailed in his report.

Under the homestead law the necessity for additional legislation to meet special cases not contemplated or foreseen by the original framers of the law has become apparent, and when called to the attention of Congress will, I trust, receive such favorable action as will adequately meet the cases referred to.

It is also suggested, and the suggestion has my approval, that agricultural college scrip be by legislation assimilated to military land-warrants, to the extent that the same may be receivable in commutation of homestead entries. I also fully concur in that part of the report relating to homesteads which recommends that credit be given to soldiers in the late war for the full term of service rendered by them in the war, and that the same may be deducted from the term of years required by law to perfect a homestead.

In view of the reasons given by the Commissioner, I would also recommend the confirmation of all entries regularly made under the graduation acts of August 4, 1854, (now repealed,) so far as the land may be shown to have been actually settled upon or substantially improved by the original purchasers, or their assignees, to the end that this class of anomalous entries may be finally disposed of.

The operations under the mining statute of 1866 and subsequent amendments have shown a steady increase in the work of this important branch of the service. Owing, however, in a great measure, to the difficulties which are encountered in properly notifying the parties interested in any mine for which an application for patent has been made, the work has been somewhat retarded. I therefore concur in the recommendation of the Commissioner that, in order to properly notify all parties whose interests may be affected by an application for the exact ground sought to be patented, a survey of the claim should be first made, and the required notice be thereafter given for the period prescribed by law, and that at the expiration of said time no further adverse filing be received.

In the matter of the increase of compensation to the employes of the General Land Office, the suggestions of the Commissioner are well worthy the consideration of the legislative branch of the Government, with whom the remedy for the evils enumerated by him lies. The appeal is based, not upon the deserving merits of industrious clerks—which aside from other considerations would justify Congress in providing for their sufficient pay—but upon the absolute necessities of the Bureau, in safely and correctly administering the laws relating to the disposal of the public lands and in perfecting titles to the homes of thousands of worthy citizens. Equally important is the request for authority to appoint special agents at fixed compensation, to investigate charges against district land officers, and to assist in the opening of new offices. Believing, as I do, that those recommendations, if acceded to, will in the


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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive paramount but political and psychological pressures for the pull-out were probably more important. There was strong sentiment in France for sending the FEC to North Africa where it could serve the interests of France and the French Union. In Vietnam, French soldiers served the free world but were hated by the Vietnamese and ignored by the very powers they aided, powers which did not care enough to properly defray French expenses.

Paris was more upset by the Minute of Understanding. During November discussion with Dulles, Mendes-France had said he doubted full autonomy could be assumed by the Vietnamese by July 1955 and believed a readjustment of MAAG personnel for the new training mission might violate the Geneva Accords. These arguments were reiterated at December Trilateral meetings. But Mendes-France's real trouble was agreeing to phase out French instructors. Neither the French people nor French soldiers would understand why France was denied influence while required to support such a heavy burden in Vietnam. Mendes-France and General Ely insisted that if French instructors were eliminated the U.S. automatically would have assumed primary responsibility for free world policy toward Indochina. (Dulles and General Collins rejected that line of reasoning but convinced neither the French nor others that it was fallacious.)

Collins compromised in the Minute of Understanding by agreeing to softer language (both French and American instructors would be removed as Vietnamese efficiency increased), hoping to assuage Paris. He failed. When the Minute was forwarded for final approval Mendes-France stalled. First he had to study it closely to ensure no conflict with Geneva was involved. Then on January 7, the French submitted a redraft of the Minute which omitted reference to General O'Daniel's authority over French personnel.

Collins was already annoyed by hedging in December, tantamount to a slap in the face of Ely to whom full authority to negotiate the agreement had been delegated. He refused to "agree to (the redraft) unless specifically instructed by higher authority" because lines of authority were not spelled out. Yet Ely thought Paris had approved the original agreement. He urged Collins to continue negotiations with the Vietnamese on the basis of the first Minute, advice Collins followed despite the Paris–Washington snafu. On January 19 and 20 a formal exchange of letters finalized the agreement for U.S. assumption of training duties and financial support ($214.5 million) for the Vietnamese forces. The forces would be scaled down to 100,000 by December 1955. Both cost and force levels were raised from Collins' November recommendations in deference to Vietnamese arguments. The U.S. and France remained deadlocked until February 11, 1955, when the terms — but not the form — of the original agreement were finally accepted. The next day, General O'Daniel assumed responsibility for training Vietnamese forces and the Training Relations and Instruction Mission (TRIM) went into operation. Rh


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 4/Lord Byron's Verses on Sam Rogers


text:
Page:U.S. Department of the Interior Annual Report 1873.djvu/28

708 soil, quantity, and variety of mineral wealth, and all the elements nef cessary to the support of a dense population, there is no zone of similar extent and value between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean" as that "of the region lying between and contiguous to parallels 46 and 47 north latitude." The whole amount expended on surveys from the beginning of the work to the 1st of July last is $1,058,873.74. The ex- tent of line surveyed is 9,388 miles, and, in addition, 2,350 of river»re- connoissance. The amount received from passengers on the road (in Minnesota and in Washington Territory) is $153,551.97; for transporta- tion of freight, $393,549.23, which includes a few days of the earnings of June, 1873, in Dakota. The expense of the road and tixtures has been $20,092,380.09, and the indebtedness of the company is $29,309,337.40. The word " expense," as used above, is said by the company "to mean the cost of the road proper and its fixtures " only. The company’s re- port states that, on October 1, 1873, trains were running regularly, (both passenger and freight,) engaged in the general traffic from Lake Superior to the Missouri River, a distance of 453 miles, and from Kalama, on the Columbia River, northward, 65 miles toward Puget Sound. Beyond that, a distance of 25 miles of track has been laid, and 15 miles more nearly graded, which, when completed, (about the 1st of December, this year,) will make a continuous road from the Columbia River to Puget Sound, 105 miles. On the 6th of last Janu- ary you accepted the first 228 miles of the Northern Pacific Railroad in Minnesota, (from its junction with the Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad, near Thomson, to the Red River of the North ;) and, on the 10th of September, 1873, 65 miles of the road in Washington Territory, " on its main line between the city of Portland, Oreg., and its western terminus on Puget Sound." The report of the commissioners appointed to examine the completed portion of the road (195 miles) in Dakota Territory has not yet been received.

On the 11th of March last you accepted 155, miles of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway, from the 86 mile (south of the southern boundary-line of Kansas) to Red River, near Preston, Tex. Total num- ber of miles accepted 242 I accepted, on the 4th of September last, 84 miles of the Cairo and Fulton Railroad, lying between Little Rock, in Arkansas, and the southern boundary of Missouri. Application having been made for the examination of the portion of this road lying between Little Rock and Fulton, commissioners have been appointed for that purpose, but their report has not yet been received.

You accepted, November 4, 1872, the final portion (50¾ miles) of the Burlington and Missouri River Railroad, in Nebraska, reported on by commissioners on the 30th October of that year. This makes a total accepted line in that State of 190¾ miles.

That portion of the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad from the West


text:
Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Pittsfield

PITTSFIELD, a borough and township of the United States, the shire town of Berkshire county, Massachusetts, lies at a height of from 1000 to 1200 feet above the sea on a plain between the Hoosacs on the east and the Taconics on the west. It is traversed by the headwaters of the Housatonic and Hoosac rivers, and derives its supply of drinking water from Lake Ashley, a romantic loch on the top of the Washington Hills, 7 miles to the south-east. As the northern terminus of the Housatonic Railroad, and a junction on the Boston and Albany and the Pittsfield and North Adams Railroads, it is an important centre of traffic. Most of the dwelling houses are built of wood. Among the public edifices are a court-house, in white marble; the Berkshire Athenæum, with a free library and reading-room; the Roman Catholic church of St Joseph, in marble; the Methodist church, a spacious edifice of brick; the First Congregational church (rebuilt in 1853), for thirty years under the charge of Rev. John Todd, author of the Student's Manual; and the Maplewood Institute for young ladies. The Berkshire Medical Institute (1822) ceased to exist in 1869. There is a small park with a fine soldiers' monument (1872) in the heart of the town, as well as a larger park with a race-course in the eastern suburb. Cotton and woollen goods, silk, knit goods, shoes, and tacks are among the local manufactures. The population in 1860 was 8045; in 1870, 11,132; in 1880, 13,364. Pittsfield, which once formed part of the Indian domain of Pontoosuc, and for a time was known as Boston Plantation, was incorporated in 1761, and received its present name in honour of the earl of Chatham. Oliver W. Holmes long resided on a small farm two miles south of Pittsfield.


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 4/The Duel


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Page:U.S. Department of the Interior Annual Report 1873.djvu/29

Rh side of the Saint Francis River in a point opposite the city of Little Rock, on the north bank of the Arkansas River, called "Argenta"—91 miles—was accepted by the Department on the 5th of last March.

The geological and geographical survey of the Territories of the United States, under the direction of this Department, and conducted by Professor F. V. Hayden, United States Geologist, has been continued during the past season with very satisfactory results. The section of country traversed by the survey lies in the central portion of Colorado Territory, lying between parallels 38° and 40° 20' north, and meridians 104° 30' and 107° west, comprising about 20,000 square miles. This area was divided into three districts, and the survey of each intrusted to a party of geologists and topographers. The northern district included the Middle Park; the middle district, the South Park; and the southern district, the San Luis Valley. The whole area, which is about 160 miles long by 130 wide, embraces the most interesting ranges of mountains and the largest group of lofty peaks yet explored on this continent. Besides the parties already referred to, three other parties were in the field, one of which carried on the primary triangulations from the summits of the most important peaks in the area of the survey. These several parties composed, altogether, a complete organization for the purposes of the survey.

A preliminary field-map was prepared last spring, based upon the land surveys made by this Department, which indicated those portions of our territorial domain which were least known, and which promised the most valuable results. The Held-work was commenced about the middle of May last, and the parties have all returned from the scene of their labors. The results of the survey are very satisfactory, and the collections in geology, botany, and natural history are as extensive and valuable as those of former surveys.

The geologist in charge requests a deficiency appropriation, to enable him to continue and complete the work of the year, and assigns the following reasons for the occurrence of the necessity for such an appropriation, viz:

The geological survey of the unknown portions of the national domain, especially in the mountainous localities, and those remote from routes of ordinary travel, involves a large expenditure for what is known as an "outfit." In former surveys the materials composing the "outfit" have been sold at the close of the season, for a fair percentage upon their cost; but, at the close of the present season, it was found that the "outfit" could not be sold except at a great sacrifice. It was, therefore, deemed advisable to retain the "outfit" for use during the season of 1874, should Congress authorize a continuation of the survey. The estimated value of the materials of said "outfit" is 820,000, and the


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Page:U.S. Department of the Interior Annual Report 1873.djvu/30

710 in charge deems an appropriation for that amount necessary to the completion of this season's Work.

In view of the importance to science and to the material interests of the country of the objects of the survey, I recommend the deficiency appropriation asked for, as well as the regular annual appropriation for its continuance.

I deem it incumbent upon me to refer to the present unprotected condition of the Yellowstone National Park. No appropriation has yet been made for the purpose of opening the park to the public and of enabling this Department to carry into effect the necessary rules and regulations for its government. I am informed that the park has been visited during the past summer by many persons, and that it has been despoiled by them of great quantities of its mineral deposits and other curiosities.

A superintendent of the park was appointed in May, 1872, but there being no appropriation from which his compensation could be paid, his services have, necessarily, been gratuitous, and he could not be expected, under such circumstances, to reside permanently in the park. Applications have been made by various parties for permission to erect buildings and to construct roads within the park. The act of March 1, 1872, confers upon me the necessary authority to grant leases for building purposes; but no leases have been granted, for the reason that sufficient information has not been obtained as to the responsibility of the several applicants. It appears to me to be eminently proper that early steps should be taken by Congress for the protection of this great national wonder from the vandalism of curiosity hunters. This Department should not be held responsible for the condition of the park, so long as there is no money under its control applicable to the ends contemplated by the act of March 1, 1872. The boundaries of the park should be properly surveyed and located, as many persons desire to enter and settle upon public lands contiguous thereto.

The architect reports various repairs and improvements made in the Capitol during the past year. There have been provided large coal-vaults for each wing of the building; a fresh-air duct for the heating apparatus of the Senate wing, and a passenger-elevator for the same wing. The galleries of the hall of the House of Representatives have been rearranged, and new chairs and desks for that hall have been provided. The steam-boiler and heating-apparatus have been thoroughly repaired, and many committee-rooms have been refitted, painted, and improved. The architect recommends that while the defective portions of the rooms in


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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive ::D.

Resolution of military problems within the U.S. Government and between the U.S. and France was a fairly major accomplishment. Political differences were not similarly resolved. To support or not to support Ngo Dinh Diem was the issue over which France and America split.

 * 1.

As noted above, France acquiesced in the retention of Diem as Prime Minister in deference to U.S. insistence and French concern for U.S. financial assistance for the FEC during the September Washington conference. In mid-November, Mendes-France reaffirmed the 29 September agreement but said an alternative form of government had to be considered unless Diem implemented an energetic program within the next two months. By December, when Mendes-France, Dulles and Eden met in Paris, the French Premier made it clear he thought the time had come for a change. Two ways to accomplish change were suggested. Bao Dai could name a Viceroy and give him full authority to use the powers of Chief of State to unify the warring political factions. Tran Van Huu, Nguyen Van-Tam or Dr. Phan Huy Quat were possible candidates for this job. Or, Bao Dai himself could return to Saigon and form a government with Huu as Premier, Tam as Interior Minister, Quat in Defense.

France wanted Diem out of power for several reasons. U.S. policymakers did not seem to fully appreciate how galling Diem's Francophobia must have been, nor did the U.S. seem to understand — or allow for — the divisive effect Diem's militant anti-communist stance had within the French Government. Little consideration was given to charges that the U.S. was undermining France by portraying itself as the only friend of Vietnamese nationalism. But the U.S. could appreciate the validity of French arguments that Diem had not been and perhaps would not be able to unify and stabilize South Vietnam.

 * 2.

General Collins had been skeptical about Diem from the outset; by December he was convinced an alternative to his government should be urgently considered. Diem's refusal to name Dr. Quat as Defense Minister triggered Collins' recommendation. Both Collins and Colonel Lansdale had urged Diem to accept Quat, agreeing Quat alone was strong enough to unify the Vietnamese armed forces behind the Saigon government. On December 13, Collins suggested five reasons for Diem's adverse decision:

"(1) unwillingness to delegate control of Vietnam armed forces to any strong man; (2) fear of Quat as potential successor; (3) opposition of sects (who also feared a strong man in the defense post); (4) influence of brothers Luyen and Nhu (anxious to neutralize the power of any potential successor); (5) desire to retain Minh (acting defense minister; loyal to Diem) in government."

Rh


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Rh the center building are being renewed, the improvements may be made in a tireproof manner by replacing the present wooden rafters with iron ones; also, that the remodeling and tlnishing of the rotuuda be made to harmonize with the vault and interior walls of the dome.

First street, which bounds the Capitol grounds on the west, has been paved from Pennsylvania avenue to Maryland avenue with cypress-wood pavement, and the curve at the southwest, from Maryland avenue to New Jersey avenue, is now being paved with granite blocks. Over one hundred thousand loads of earth have been deposited in the grounds south of the Capitol and on south B street. The Capitol grounds are now in a condition for laying out the interior walks and for planting, and the architect recommends the employment of a. competent land- scape gardener, under whose direction the grounds may be properly laid out and ornamented.

The architect reports that the buildings of the reform-school for the District of Columbia are nearly completed. The main building is so far advanced that portions of it are used as work~rooms. It is expected that said building will be completed before Congress conveues. The family building has been occupied since the middle of last winter.

Congress, at its last session, appropriated the sum of $284,199.15 wherewith to complete the purchase, by the United States, of the prop- erty embraced in squares 687 and 688, lying adjacent to the square East of the Capitol. The whole of said appropriation has been disbursed through the supreme court of the District of Columbia, and the title to the entire property above described is now vested in the United States. Under authority conferred by the act of March 3, 1873, those of the buildings and other improvements on said property which were not required for public use have been sold at public auction, and the mate- rials have nearly all been removed therefrom. It is expected that thetwo ‘remaining buildings on square 688 will be removed, and that all the materials yet remaining on both squares will be cleared away, before the meeting of Congress. Litigation may be necessary in order to con- clude the sale, at auction, of one of said buildings. I am unable, there- fore, to report the exact amount which will have been received from the sale of said improvements. The amount thus far received is $19,357.44, from which the sum of $3,619.80 has been paid for advertising, auc- tioneer fees, extra clerical labor, services of commissioners of appraise- ment, and the other expenses incident to the purchase of said squares and the sale of said improvements. When the whole expenses shall have been paid, the residue, which will approximate the sum of $1.7,000, will be applied to the improvement of the extension, as provided for by law.

This addition to the grounds surrounding the Capitol will bring them into greater harmony with the noble proportions of that building than


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Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Pittston

PITTSTON, a borough of the United States, in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania, on the east bank of the Susquehanna, just below the confluence of the Lackawanna, 105 miles north by west of Philadelphia. It is the centre of the Wyoming anthracite region and the seat of the Pennsylvania Coal Company's operations, contains knitting mills, planing mills, terra cotta works, a stove factory, lumber yards, &c., and commands four distinct railway lines. The population was 6760 in 1870 and 7472 in 1880. If West Pittston (a borough on the other side of the Susquehanna, with which Pittston communicates by two bridges) were included, the total would be 10,016.


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712 has hitherto been the case, and when they shall have been properly laid out and ornamented, they will form an appropriate setting for the National Capitol.

Congress, on the 10th day of June, 1872, appropriated the sum of $15,000 for, the purpose of constructing a pneumatic tube to connect the Capitol with the Government Printing-Office, for the transmission of books, packages, &c., "the money to be expended under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, and the work to be done under the supervision of the architect of the Capitol extension." Pursuant to this provision of law, a contract for the construction of such tube was awarded by said architect on the 20th of June, 1872, and the same was approved by this Department. It was stipulated, in said contract, that the tube should be completed and ready for use on or before the 30th day of June, 1873; but, on the 26th of March last, a resolution was adopted by the Senate, directing me to report to that body, at its next session, all the information in my possession in regard to the non-completion of the tube, the amount expended in its construction, and other circumstances connected therewith. To enable me to answer the resolution intelligently, I designated Joseph Henry, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, O. E. Babcock, Superintendent of Public Buildings, and A. M. Clapp, Congressional Printer, as a committee to examine the work done and report to me their views in relation thereto. A copy of their report, together with a detailed statement of all the circumstances connected with the construction of the tube, will be laid before the Senate at its approaching session. The first attempt to lay the tube was unsuccessful, owing to various causes. The contractor, however, is now making another endeavor to construct such a tube as will accomplish the purposes intended, and informs me that the tube will, probably, be completed before the 1st of January next. His present operations are conducted at his own expense, so that no further appropriation by Congress will be necessary to its completion.

During the year ending June 30, 1873, there were under treatment at the Government Hospital for the Insane 762 patients, of whom 413 were from the Army and Navy, and 573 were males. Two hundred and one patients were admitted during said year; 66 were discharged as recovered, 24 as improved, and 7 as unimproved. The recoveries were 68 per cent. of the discharges including, and 46 per cent. excluding deaths. During the same period 45 patients died, leaving under treatment at the close of said year, 620 patients, of whom 468 were males. Sixty-nine of those treated during said year were private or pay-patients, of


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Rh whom 24 were discharged, 4 were transferred to the list of indigent patients, and 41 remained under treatment at the close of the year. 3,348 persons, of whom 1,634 were native-born, have been treated in the hospital since it was opened. The general health of the hospital has been very good.

The expenditures for the past fiscal year amounted to $136,992.45 The amount received for board of private patients was $9,744.86, and that from the sale of live stock, &c., $2,247.51 The products of the farm and garden during the year were estimated as worth $17,763.25, and the value of the live stock, farm and garden implements, &c., belonging to the institution, is estimated at $16,418.20.

In addition to the regular expenditures for the supportof the hospital, there has been expended the sum of $37,800 in the erection of an extension of the wards for the excited class of patients, and $6,000 for heating boilers. There are new owned by the United States and devoted to the objects of the hospital a little upwards of 419 acres of land; 360 acres are embraced in one nearly complete parallelogram, and the remainder comprises a single tract, conveniently situated for grazing, or for the cultivation of the staple annual crops. The tract of 185 acres, originally purchased for the hospital, and within which its buildings are situate, is inclosed by a wall nine feet high, excepting on the river front.

The board of visitors submit the following estimates for the year ending June 30, 1875, viz:

For support of the institution, $140,785; for repairs and improvements, $15,000; for completing the river wall, and raising the boundary walls at their intersection with the former, $8,748; for the erection, furnishing, and fitting-up of an extension of the center building of the hospital, $35,956; for a coal vault in the rear of the east wing, 82,500; for the erection, furnishing, and fitting-up of an extension of the west detached building tor patients, $12,000, and to supply deficiencies for the current year, $11,366; a total of $226,355.

On the 1st instant there were 108 pupils in the Columbia Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, 34. of whom were received since July 1, 1872. Of these 60 have been in the collegiate department, representing seventeen States and the District of Columbia, and 48 in the primary department. One hundred and eight pupils have been under instruction since July 1, 1872, of whom 92 were males. Three students, having passed satisfactory examinations in the entire course of studies, received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The health of the institution was excellent, not one death having occurred during the year.

The receipts for the support of the institution, during the last fiscal year, exceeded the disbursements 882139, as they did also for the improvement of the grounds, $1,626.19.

The board of directors report that, in completing the purchase of the Kendall Green property, toward which Congress, in 1871, appropriated


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714 the sum of $70,000, a balance of indebtedness remains, unprovided for, of $10,697.46. It had been hoped by the board that this amount could be raised by private subscription, but owing to the fact that the title to all the real estate of the institution is vested in the United State, this expectation, it is feared, will not be realized, as those who are called upon for subscriptions are disposed to decline aiding what has, practically, become a Government institution. No estimate of an appropriation for the amount is submitted by the board, but they invite attention to the indebtedness, representing the importance of securing the possession of this valuable property, and trust that Congress will be disposed to make an additional appropriation for the purpose.

The following estimates are submitted by the Board of Trustees for the ensuing fiscal year:

For support of the institution, salaries and incidental expenses, including $500 for books and illustrative apparatus, $49,500; and for continuing the work of erecting, furnishing, and fitting up of the buildings of the institution, in accordance with plans heretofore submitted to Congress, including necessary repairs to the completed portion thereof; $54,000; a total of $103,500. The directors state that the estimate of $54.000 for building purposes is greatly needed to complete the college building, and to provide for the erection of two houses for professors. The college building has been in an incomplete condition for nearly; seven years, and requires enlargement for the increasing wants of the institution. The plans submitted with the ninth report of the institution showed the necessity of ultimately erecting six dwelling houses for its officers, as it was considered to be to the interests of the institution for its officers to reside on the premises. Two of such dwelling houses have been built, and it is desirable to erect two more at present.

During the last fiscal year 2,285 women received treatment at the Columbia Hospital for Women and Lying-in Asylum. Of these, 2,135 were received during the year, and 1,924 were out-door patients. Twelve hundred and seventeen were restored to health, 542 relieved, 104 discharged as incurable, 9 died, the results are not known in 296 cases, and 117 remained under treatment. Of the whole number treated, 401 were foreign born. The hospital has been remodeled, an additional story and a number of private rooms added, and a thorough system of sewerage, heating and ventilation of the building introduced. The wards and private rooms have been refurnished, and every comfort that can be desired for the sick has been supplied.

The estimates for the next fiscal year are as follows: For the support of the institution, $24,000, and for the erection of a stone wall around the western and northern portion of the grounds, with stone coping and iron railing, and for grading and graveling the grounds, $10,000; a total of $34,000. The directors state that the improvements


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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive According to Collins,

"Whatever the reasons, the failure to utilize Quat epitomizes lack of unity among Vietnamese and lack of decisive leadership on part of Diem....Acceptance of status quo with Minh elevated to Defense Ministry and sects reinforced in veto power over government is simply postponing evil day of reckoning as to when, if ever, Diem will assert type of leadership that can unify this country and give it chance of competing with hard, effective, unified control of Ho Chi Minh."

Three days later, General Collins communicated his "final judgment" on the situation. He made four recommendations: "A. Continue to support Diem along present lines for short while longer but without committing US to specific aid programs;

B. Consider urgently, as possible alternative, the early return of Bao Dai;

C. If after short period of further test Diem Government fails to achieve substantial progressive action and if return of Bao Dai is acceptable to US Government, to support his prompt return;

D. If return of Bao Dai is not acceptable to US Government, assuming Diem Government continues to demonstrate inability to unite free Vietnam behind an aggressive program, I recommend re-evaluation of our plans for assisting Southeast Asia with special attention (to an) earlier proposal."

The earlier proposal, made by General Collins on December 13, was that the U.S. gradually withdraw from Vietnam. Collins said this was the "least desirable (but) in all honesty and in view of what I have observed here to date this may be the only sound solution."

 * 3.

The State Department went along with Collins' suggestion to avoid specific assistance commitments at the present time but could not see salvation in Bao Dai. A memorandum from Ambassador Heath, then working in the Far East Bureau is indicative of State Department thinking. Heath first called attention to "massive opposition" faced by Diem and French unwillingness to firmly support him — implying that all Diem's problems were not Diem's fault. He then spoke of General Collins' "attempt to achieve a rapid solution," said Collins' "recommendations are now based on the circumstances of a satisfactory settlement prior to January 1" — thereby suggesting that one not looking for a rapid solution might not arrive at similar conclusions. Rh


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Rh for are necessary from the fact that the grounds north of the hospital building are twenty feet above the proper grade, and must be graded and terraced to render them serviceable.

Considerable progress has been made during the year in the construction of a jail in and for the District of Columbia, authorized by an act of Congress approved June 1, 1872, to be erected under the supervision of the supervising architect of the Treasury Department, after plans and designs to be prepared by him and approved by a board of commissioners, composed of the Secretary of the Interior, the governor of the District of Columbia, and the chief justice of the supreme court of said District.

At a meeting of said board, held October 22, 1872, certain general plans, designs, and specifications, prepared by said supervising architect, were approved; and at a subsequent meeting, viz, on April 15, 1873, the supervising architect submitted the full working plans and specifications for the jail, which were approved by the board. Under authority conferred by the board, the supervising architect has, at various times, advertised for proposals for such materials .as were required in the construction of the jail, and contracts have been awarded to various parties, who were the lowest responsible bidders in each case, for rubble-stone, concrete, cement, sand, ironwork, and cut stone. In each instance the contracts referred to were authorized by the hoard of commissioners, and have been approved by at least a majority of its members. As the work progresses it will be necessary to award contracts for the necessary flagging, and for a galvanized iron cornice for the building.

The supervising architect reports that the foundation-walls have been laid, the superstructure built up to an average height of eleven feet, and about two-thirds of the necessary grading completed. He states that if no unforeseen difficulties occur, the building will probably_be completed within the current fiscal year.

The architect represents that, although the plans for the jail were prepared in view of the amount appropriated for the purpose, viz, $300,000, unexpected and unavoidable expenses have been incurred in grading the site for the building, and in building a wharf on the Anacostia River, amounting to upwards of $15,000, which amount he considers to be not properly chargeable to the appropriation for the erection of the jail, and should be refunded thereto; otherwise, an additional appropriation will become necessary. He also states that in order to keep the cost of the jail within the amount appropriated, he was compelled to provide in the specifications for a galvanized iron cornice; for wooden joists and floors to warden's office and chapel wing, and for timber framing and boarding to the roof, with a tin covering to the same. He expresses the opinion that the building should be constructed in a fire-proof manner; that the cornice


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716 should be of stone, and the roof-covering of slate, and states that in order to accomplish these ends and insure a. substantial fire-proof building, an additional appropriation of $100,000 will be necessary.

The supervising architect invites attention to the fact that the building, when completed, will be suitable, not only for the ordinary purposes of a jail, but, also, for those of a penitentiary; and, as the grounds surrounding it are of ample capacity, he strongly recommends that the necessary authority be obtained from Congress for its use as a penitentiary as well as a jail. He states that the additional expense would be comparatively small, as it would involve little more than the cost of the necessary work-shops, and the materials necessary for the construction of a wall to inclose the grounds, which could be entirely erected by the labor of the convicts. He is of the opinion that, if this suggestion were adopted, a large saving in the expense of the jail to the Government would be made, and that, in time, the use of convict labor would constitute a source of revenue to the District of Columbia. He also suggests the importance of providing a separate building for the detention and punishment of female prisoners, which should be under the exclusive charge of female officers. He states that experience has demonstrated that proper prison discipline is impossible when both sexes are confined in the same building, and that, if the reformation of female convicts be intended, they should be committed exclusively to the custody of their own sex. He recommends, therefore, that authority be asked of Congress for the erection of a house of correction for the punishment and reformation of female convicts.

The total expenditures on account of the construction of the jail, up tothe 30th ultimo, amounted to $95,022.60, leaving an unexpended balance of the appropriation of $204,977./40.

Congress, by an act, approved February 22, 1873, appropriated the sum of $40,000, to be set apart and paid out of the net proceeds of the internal revenue in the Territory of Washington for the fiscal years severally ending on June 30, 1866, June 30, 1867, and June 30, 1868, for the purpose of erecting, under the direction of this Department, a penitentiary building in said Territory. The sum of $20,000 had been thus set apart and appropriated for the purpose by an act approved January 22, 1867, but that amount was found to be inadequate for the construction of a proper penitentiary, and an additional sum of 820,000 was asked for. The act of February 22, 1873, is amendatory of the former act, and provides the same amount for a penitentiary in Washington Territory as had been provided for such buildings in the other Territories.

A site for the building having been selected by the commissioners appointed by the legislative assembly of the Territory, and approved


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Rh by this Department, immediate steps were taken for the erection of the building. Proposals were duly invited by public advertisement, and on the 26th of April last a contract for the erection of one wing of the building, in accordance with the plans adopted, was awarded to the lowest responsible bidder. Upon a careful comparison of the proposals it was found that but one wing of the penitentiary could be built within the amount appropriated. By the terms ot the contract the building is required to be completed by the 24th of November next, and the latest advices from the superintendent of construction indicate that such requirement will be fulfilled by the contractor. When the building is finished it will be delivered into the charge of the United States marshal for the Territory, pursuant to the provisions of section one of an act of Congress approved January 10, 1871. By a subsequent act approved January 24, 1873, Congress repealed so much of the former act as related to "placing the penitentiaries in the Territories of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and Colorado under the care and control of the re spective United States marshals for said Territories," and transferred the care and custody of said penitentiaries to said Territories respectively. Inasmuch as the erection of the penitentiary for Washington Territory was not provided for until after the passage of the latter act, and as no reference to said penitentiary is made therein, its provisions are not applicable to that penitentiary, and the building will necessarily remain in the custody of the United States marshal until Congress shall otherwise direct, as in the cases above mentioned.

Frequent application is made to this Department, by officers of the Government authorized to receive them, for volumes of the United States Statutes and Wallace's Reports of the Supreme Court, to complete deficient sets in libraries and to furnish offices newly created. As the supply of the earlier volumes of the United States Statutes and of Wallace's Reports is entirely exhausted, the Department is and has been for some time past unable to furnish them. I would suggest that a sufficient amount be appropriated to furnish these documents, in order that requisitions for them in future may be filled.

In this connection, I beg to call your attention to the fact that tho _existing laws regulating the distribution of the standard public documents, such as the United States Statutes at Large, Wallace's Reports of the Supreme Court, the Official Register, and the Pamphlet Laws, are somewhat vague and indefinite in specifying the officers of the Government who are entitled to them. The experience of late years has also demonstrated that the number of copies of the before mentioned documents allotted to heads of Departments and Bureaus is altogether insufficient to meet the demands of the public business, and some increase should be made in these instances; especially should the number of


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718 copies of the United States Official Register ordered by law to be printed on the assembling of each new Congress be augmented to at least double the number now authorized, which is but 750 copies.

It is highly important that some action should be taken in this matter, with the view of collecting in one comprehensive act the duties as signed to this Department, in connection with the custody and distribution of public documents.

In closing this report I desire to invite special attention to the necessity for additional room for the accommodation of the several bureaus of the Interior Department. At the present time almost the entire clerical force of the Pension Bureau, with all its voluminous and valuable files and records, the entire Bureau of Education, and the Geological Survey, are located in buildings owned by private parties, and in the case of the former especially, in a building that is poorly protected from fire. The rapid growth in the business of the Patent-0ffice will, in a few years, if it does not already, require all of the room in the present Patent-0ffice building for its occupancy, and measures should be taken at an early day to provide for the accommodation of the other bureaus of the Department in a suitable fire-proof building.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant. C. DELANO. Secretary.


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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive The memorandum closed with Heath's interpretation of Secretary Dulles' policy and his own thoughts as to what ought to be done:

"In our view, General Collins' recommendations ignore the basic factor that we would assist a Communist takeover by a withholding of our aid, even if it must necessarily be given to a government which is less than perfect. The Secretary has analyzed the situation as one in which we are conducting a time buying operation. If we withhold our support to Vietnam, it will be taken over sooner than if we extend smaller aid, at a figure of about a third of last year. In the meantime, we will proceed to do what we can to strengthen Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. This is my understanding of the Secretary's policy.

I recommend we inform the Secretary and General Collins that we recognize the dangers posed by the above policy, but that in the lack of more useful alternatives that we will continue to support Diem, because there is no one to take his place who would serve US objectives any better. This includes the Bao Dai solution which is opposed by the facts of Bao Dai's lack of support in Vietnam and his past demonstrations of inability to govern. The fear that a fiscal commitment of over $300 million plus our national prestige would be lost in a gamble on the retention of Free Vietnam is a legitimate one, but the withholding of our support at this juncture would almost inevitably have a far worse effect.""

The substance of the memorandum was cabled to Secretary Dulles, then in Paris for the Tripartite French, U.S. and British discussions.

 * 4.

 * a.

On 19 December, Mendes-France opened the Indochina talks by calling Diem's approach "wholly negative," said "not a single reform suggested (by Franco–American working groups advising the government on all matters) had been accepted by Diem," that the "French Government now considered...a strong approach would have to be made to Diem." Reaffirming his past agreement with Dulles' "thesis that we must do our maximum to permit Diem Government to succeed" Mendes-France added:

"now...he was not longer sure that even maximum would help. He said we must now have alternate formula in mind. Without varying from our stated purpose of supporting Diem Government as long as it exists we must now prepare in our minds for alternative."

Rh


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REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF THE GENERAL LAND- OFFICE.

General Land-Office, October 20, 1873.

annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1873, viz:
 * I have the honor to submit the following as an abstract of my

List of papers composing the annual report of the Commissioner of the General Land-Office.

1. Surveys of public lands, showing the progress made at the close of the last fiscal year, giving a statement of appropriations made for the surveying service during the same time, and submitting estimates for said service during the present fiscal year.

2. Surveys of Indian reservations.

3. Statement of progress of surveys on State and territorial boundaries. 719


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720 4. Of pre-emption laws, and rulings under the same, recommending a repeal of the pre-emption laws.

5. Sioux Indian reservation.

6. Cherokee strip in Kansas.

7. Bound Valley Indian reservation in Montana.

8. Homestead law; operations under the same, and recommending amendments.

9. Graduated lands; relief for suspended entries under recent confirmatory act of Congress.

10. Useless military reservations.

11. Offerings of public lands.

12. Educational land bounty.

13. Timber depredations; showing the action of this Office to prevent the same.

14. Railroads; progress of transcontinental lines, and of roads in States and Territories to which subsidies in land have been granted.

15. Operations under the mining laws.

16. Goal lands; rules and regulations under the act March 3, 1873.

17. Private land claims.

18. List of surveyors-general and land-offices.

19. Reports of the surveyors-general, from A to Q.

Tabular statements accompanying Commissioners annual report.

No. 1. Tabular statements showing the number of acres of public land surveyed in the States and Territories at the close of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1873; also the total area of the public lands remaining unsurveyed at that date.

No. 2. Statement of public lands sold; of cash and bounty-land scrip received therefor; number of acres entered under the homestead law of May 20, 1862; of commissions received under the sixth section of said act; also, land located with scrip under the agricultural college and mechanic act of July 2, 1862, and commissions received by registers and receivers on the value thereof; and statement of incidental expenses thereon in the first half of the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1872, and ending June 30, 1873.

No. 3. Statement showing like particulars for the second half of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1873.

No. 4. Summary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1873, showing the number of acres disposed of for cash; for bounty-land scrip; by entry under the homestead laws of May 20 1862, March 21, 1864, and June 21, 1866, with aggregate of $5 and $10 homestead payments; homestead commissions; also, locations with agricultural college and mechanic scrip under act of July 2, 1862.

No. 5. Statement showing the quantity of swamp lands selected for the several States under acts of Congress approved March 2, 1849, September 28, 1850, and March 12, 1860, to September 30, 1873.

No. 6. Statement exhibiting the quantity of swamp land approved to the several States under acts named in table No. 5 to September 30, 1873.

No. 7. Statement exhibiting the quantity of swamp land patented to the several States under acts approved September 28, 1850, and March 12, 1860- also, the quantity certified to the State of Louisiana under act approved March 2, 1849.

No. 8. Statement showing the State selections under the internal improvement grant of September 4, 1841, to the 30th June, 1873.

No. 9. Exhibit of bounty-land warrant business under acts of 1847,