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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/356

Rh and the comparison with Scr. Paksha, side, flank etc. can not be admitted. Pĕ or Tĕ being Praefixa, remains ksha, from a root kshi or kshái, meaning destruction, which word is found in. Pĕrksa, or Tĕrksa, originally, put to destruction. Compare kshan, to kill. Fr.)

Paksi, the iron part of the handle of any weapon, as of a Bëdog or Kris. The iron rod which goes within the handle — on which the handle is fixed. Pakshi, plural of Paksha, C. 345 and 346, a bird in general, a wing, a feather. Paksi is never used in Sunda to express a Bird. (Sct. Pakshin, Nominat. Pakshî, is derived from paksha, paksha meaning also a wing, so pakshin having wings i. e. a bird, Pakshî, means besides an arrow, and the Sundas seem to have called the iron part going into the handle, the arrow of the kris, of the pĕdang etc. Fr.)

Paku, a nail, a spike. Paku bĕusi, an iron nail. Paku tambaga, a copper neil. Paku léntah, a leech nail, a clamp with both ends bent and driven into wood.

Paku, a fern. Filix. The Sunda mountains abound in a great variety of ferns.

Paku Alam, title of the independent Prince at Jugjokarta. — The spike nail of the world.

Paku Buwana, a royal title. The spike nail of the Universe.

Paku haji, though bearing much the appearance of a fern, is nevertheless a Palm, and is the Cycas Circinalis. Another variety only found in gardens is the Cycas revoluta.

Paku handam, a fern growing with very thick entangled bushes.

Paku munding, the buffaloe fern, a large coarse kind.

Paku tihang, the tree fern; grows up with a stem like an areca Palm and has a very graceful top. Grows only on the mountains.

Pakuan, abounding in ferns. Part of the name of Pajajaran-which see.

Pakuchĕrut, without order', at random. Said where every one wants to do as he likes and the work gets into confusion.

Pakulahan, a muddy hole in which buffaloes wallow during the heat of the day.

Pakung, to tie an animal by a rope to the head, either to graze, or to have handy to steal. To tie up an animal to a tree, post or other object.

Pakuw-on, the enclosure round a house; gardens and approaches from which animals are excluded. Same as Pakarangan. (Kuwu, or Kubu, Jav. Kawi, a temporary residence , where to remain a night etc. Pakuwon, the place of such a temporary residence).

Pal, the Dutch Paal, a post, a stick of wood. A Pal is, on Java, a mile so called from the distances being marked bij Paals or posts viz. mile posts. A Paal or Paul in Java is 400 Rhineland roods, or Tumbaks of each 12 Rhineland feet, which at each 12.357 English inches will give 4942.800, which taken from 5280 feet in an Englisch mile, gives the Java Paul short of an English mile 337 English feet. Pal is also any boundary mark, which is mostly a post of wood, but the people would say Pal batu, a stone post, if such boundanyboundary [sic] mark was a stone pillar.

Pala, Nutmeg. Tangkal Pala, nutmeg tree. Myristica Moschata. The word Pala appears to be of Sanscrit origin, and means simply Fruit, applied par excellence to the nutmeg. Pala, C. 372, and Phala, C. 452, fruit, fruit in general.


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Page:EB1911 - Volume 02.djvu/42

 plenty of sport on a rod, though they are not as a rule welcomed. Lastly, it must be mentioned that certain of the Salmonidae, smelts (Osmerus eperlanus), sea-trout, occasionally brown trout, and still more occasionally salmon can be caught in salt water either in sea-lochs or at the mouths of rivers. Smelts are best fished for with tiny hooks tied on fine gut and baited with fragments of shrimp, ragworm, and other delicacies.

ANGLO-ISRAELITE THEORY, the contention that the British people in the United Kingdom, its colonies, and the United States, are the racial descendants of the “ten tribes” forming the kingdom of Israel, large numbers of whom were deported by Sargon king of Assyria on the fall of Samaria in 721 The theory (which is fully set forth in a book called Philo-Israel) rests on premises which are deemed by scholars—both theological and anthropological—to be utterly unsound. ANGLO-NORMAN LITERATURE.—The (q.v.) came over to England with William the Conqueror. During the whole of the 12th century it shared with Latin the distinction of being the literary language of England, and it was in use at the court until the 14th century. It was not until the reign of Henry IV. that English became the native tongue of the kings of England. After the loss of the French provinces, schools for the teaching of French were established in England, among the most celebrated of which we may quote that of Marlborough. The language then underwent certain changes which gradually distinguished it from the French spoken in France; but, except for some graphical characteristics, from which certain rules of pronunciation are to be inferred, the changes to which the language was subjected were the individual modifications of the various authors, so that, while we may still speak of Anglo-Norman writers, an Anglo-Norman language, properly so called, gradually ceased to exist. The prestige enjoyed by the French language, which, in the 14th century, the author of the Manière de language calls “le plus bel et le plus gracious language

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 02.djvu/42


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Münsterberg, Hugo

MÜNSTERBERG, mụn'stẽr-bĕrK, Author:Hugo Münsterberg (1863—). A German-American psychologist, born in Danzig. He received the degree of Ph.D. at Leipzig in 1885 and that of M.D. at Heidelberg two years afterwards, and taught psychology at Freiburg for live years (1887-92). In l892 he became professor of psychology at Harvard University, he devoted himself mainly to the physiological side of the science, and it was under his supervision that the psychological laboratory at Harvard was organized. His more important publications are: Die Willenshandlung (1888); Gedankenübertragung (1889); Der Ursprung der Sittlichkeit (1889); Beiträge zur experimentellen Psychologie (1891); Psychology and Life (1899); Grundzüge der Psychologie (1900); American Traits (1901).


text:
Wikisource talk:WikiProject Social media

Suggestions (remove if so desired)
Several decades ago I was on GEnie and one of the most popular places was "Creative Writing". We may want to consider this for WPSM. It attracts people to an area and many participate. In doing so WPSM will be there to assist in ideas and PD illustrations. OR perhaps we may want to illustrate texts that are all text and never had illustrations due to costs of ink, printing, binding, et cetera. William Maury Morris II (talk) 19:03, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

Facebook
The existing Facebook page does not follow the rules outlined here, but is a total anarchy with many page admins, which so far has worked just fine. Considering that this page exists and works (except that few people actually write updates), which problems are you trying to solve? --LA2 (talk) 03:12, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

 * My statement above is a *suggestion* not a problem to be solved. However, with what you have written and asked I would say the problem is, as you provide, solving an absence of any cohesive principle, such as a common standard or purpose. I myself do not like "total anarchy". If the FB "page" works with its many administrators then there is no problem to be solved, or is there? It exists and it works. I haven't looked at FB lately due to working on my own suggestion above. Kind regards, --William Maury Morris II  (talk) 04:12, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

 * You don't need a Facebook account to take a look at facebook.com/Wikisource. That's what it looks like. It has a timeline of events and occasional news updates. That's all. 140 Facebook accounts are "fans" of the page (follow its updates; the 100th fan joined on May 14) and more than a dozen are "admins", which means they can write updates. So far, I see no need for more complicated rules. --LA2 (talk) 19:42, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

 * I am not offended nor annoyed in any manner, but why are you telling me these things? I already know Wikisource is on Facebook and I am not there making any rules. I am not even there looking at WS on FB but I have had a FB account for a very long time. I have had one so long that I don't use it any longer. Instead, I am always here on WS itself. --William Maury Morris II (talk) 22:25, 23 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Eliyak & LA2 & anyone else—what happened with all of the wonderful ideas about adding WS to Social Media? Is any of it growing on FB itself or is it confined to privacy? --William Maury Morris II (talk) 19:53, 28 July 2012 (UTC)

Pinterest
I am not sure how or if Pinterest could be part of our social media plans but browsing the internet led me to pinterest.com/source/en.wikisource.org. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 12:51, 6 August 2012 (UTC)

This is beautiful—exactly what WS needs—beautiful illustrations to go with a Sea of Text.William Maury Morris II (talk) 12:46, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

Managers and voting
Sorry, I missed the managers subpage until recently; I've voted now. The transitional government might be in place for some time. Wikiprojects don't seem to get a lot of traffic, although this might change once several external social media sites start being promoted here. I realise there is a risk of losing control of social media but I'd say the conditions for election are a little harsh, much stronger than those for administrators for example. I would recommened that, when it come to it, confirmation of existing managers runs like administrators: confirmation is assumed unless there are at least three oppose votes. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 10:57, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

 * Agreed. -- William Maury Morris II (talk) 12:48, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

Tumblr
Aside from Facebook, I would recommend a tumblr for English Wikisource as the next/first use of social media through this project. It seems like a fairly straight forward blogging platform that would be easy to implement. We could post things like the current Proofread of the Month, the current featured text, possibly any new additions (in a format like the featured text, perhaps?) and so forth. One problem may be that the first two both update on the same day, potentially leaving the rest of the month empty. (NB: A side benefit of Tumblr, or any blogging site, is that it can be included in the Planet Wikimedia blog aggregator.) - AdamBMorgan (talk) 11:07, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

 * A blog that contains brief entries about the daily activities of an individual or company. Created to keep friends, colleagues and customers up-to-date, small images may be included as well as brief audio and video clips. The most popular microblog is Twitter. Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/microblog#ixzz24BPxRxID (Others may also want to know) William Maury Morris II (talk) 12:33, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

 * I haven't seen Eliyak around recently, so in their absence I have set up English Wikisource on Tumblr. At this stage, it will just be mirroring material on the main page (announcements of the featured texts, proofread of the month, maybe new texts etc).  This is a trial; when it looks like it is working we can build on that. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 19:15, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

 * I just came from there and it looks nice. The image, "Betelguese, a trip through hell", really should be handed to Ineuw who is most excellent in image work. — William Maury Morris II  Talk 21:05, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

images are different
AdamBMorgan, the following images differ greatly in quality. On Tumblr, you have a lower quality that the same image on WS. Please look at and correct thee following differences and remember that on Tumblr, that image is a large visual part representing work on WS that people see and judge in quality of WS itself. — William Maury Morris II  Talk 21:30, 12 October 2012 (UTC)

http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/File:Betelguese,_a_trip_through_hell_pg_6.jpg File:Betelguese, a trip through hell pg 6.jpg

October’s featured text: Betelguese, a trip through hell http://englishwikisource.tumblr.com/

Linkity do dah
" October’s Proofread of the Month is The American Indian: Anthropology of the New World (1917)"

Firefox [ver. 15.0.1] doesn't know how to open this address, because the protocol (index) isn't associated with any program. — William Maury Morris II  Talk 21:10, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Fixed. I apparently forgot what I was doing and used a wikilink instead of a real hyperlink. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 18:24, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

 * Yes, it works easily now.— William Maury Morris II  Talk 21:42, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

image does not show
This image, the first letter,

, does not show

[X]ARESSED by crystal dews and light

Beyond the realm of scale and fin, — William Maury Morris II  Talk 21:20, 9 October 2012 (UTC)

 * It seems to be loading, it just loads slowly. This might be due to the size of the Typhon frontispiece.  I've left it for now but I'll keep an eye on this in the future. - AdamBMorgan (talk) 18:26, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

 * It will not load for me but as I wait I eventually see the standard lettering "C" in caps which is good enough and perhaps should replace the .jpg image. This may be due to your and my browser differences. I use Firefox (version 15.0.1) Respectfully, — William Maury Morris II  Talk 21:45, 10 October 2012 (UTC)

Twitter
I noticed @Wikisource tweets ceased during 2015. Was there ever interest in creating an English WS Twitter account? Londonjackbooks (talk) 10:09, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

 * I'd love to see it tweeting again. We could at the very least have it announcing newly-validated books maybe. I'd be happy to help run it. Sam Wilson 10:19, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Do you know if the @Wikisource account was created to represent the English WS or was it inclusive of other language WSs—noting many of those have their own Twitter accounts? It would be nice to see it active. When one alights on an inactive Twitter account, it appears the business or project itself is likewise inactive. Londonjackbooks (talk) 10:31, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

 * yes, twitter can be a powerful tool for outreach. good for reporting from wikimania as well. who has the account? should we find a twitter ambassador? we need to start pushing progress updates for interested editors. Slowking4 ‽ SvG's revenge 10:41, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure who holds the keys. Londonjackbooks (talk) 10:48, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Is there online video of your Wikimania presentation on WS year-in-review? Londonjackbooks (talk) 14:08, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

 * no, we are at the mercy of the sessions fuzheado was at, and the plenaries. there is an etherpad here https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/Wikimania2017_-_Wikisource_Year_in_Review. there is also a list of all sessions here https://wikimania2017.wikimedia.org/wiki/All_Session_Notes
 * i am on twitter and facebook, so could do it, but we need a dedicated communicator to push out on social media, the other transcription projects use it, it works. Slowking4 ‽ SvG's revenge 14:33, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

 * I am on Twitter daily promoting a favorite poet's life and works, and frequently reference #Wikisource works. Therefore I too have time to dedicate, but hesitate with my lack of technical knowledge. My contribution would be updates on POTM, featured/newly validated texts, discussion topics, etc., accompanied, of course, by corresponding PD images. But my finger is not necessarily on the WS/WM pulse. I am but a fan and would require guidance. Londonjackbooks (talk) 15:02, 18 August 2017 (UTC)
 * that’s all we need for a start, just a news feed, and announcement of events. we could have a upcoming news page, like potm to propose items. or we could rotate it when people get burned out. live tweeting the WS sessions at wikimania would be nice. we can build on hashtag and impressions later. look at @womeninred @WikiWomenInRed for an example. [thanks for the correction] Slowking4 ‽ SvG's revenge 16:51, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

 * [You mean #womeninred? The account @womeninred is not related. Update: found @WikiWomenInRed]So, who to contact? I would imagine WM & the WS community would like to have some say as to account oversight/responsibility for a project Twitter account? Londonjackbooks (talk) 17:48, 18 August 2017 (UTC)

 * I've asked Aubrie Johnson (one of the WMF social media people) how we can get access to @wikisource. I don't think that account is specifically about English Wikisource, so we could think about creating e.g. @wikisource_en or something; but then, maybe it's okay to use the existing one? I'm not sure. I think we'll be tweeting about things above and beyond English, but mostly/only in English. Sam Wilson 01:32, 19 August 2017 (UTC)
 * From memory it was an account held by someone in French Wikisource. It has been mentioned in either our WS:S archives or the mailing list. I cannot remember which and it was a while ago. I would think that an "English Wikisource" or similar would be useful. I also would like to see how it might be able to have a semi-automated feature to take new works in some means. — billinghurst  sDrewth  07:48, 19 August 2017 (UTC)
 * I agree that we should have an "English Wikisource" to follow suit with other language WS account naming at Twitter: either @Wikisource_en or @enWikisource (neither of which are taken). Londonjackbooks (talk) 15:53, 19 August 2017 (UTC)

 * I currently hold the keys to @Wikisource. Sam and I talked briefly about the fate of that account after reclaiming it from an inactive user a while back. I'm glad there's interest in resurrecting it! Seconding the idea of renaming to @Wikisource_en. I don't have the bandwidth to maintain the account, but am happy to give access and help with promotion on occasion. AJohnson (WMF) (talk) 19:49, 21 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Would it perhaps be beneficial to retain @Wikisource for future comprehensive purposes and create @Wikisource_en as a new account?If permitted, I would like to help with promotion (tweet) updates for an English Wikisource Twitter feed along with other interested parties. Whether or no, it will be good to see WS promoted/represented. Thanks, Londonjackbooks (talk) 21:16, 21 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Thanks Aubrie! And yeah, I agree that the @wikisource account should be retained and used for cross-project purposes, and a new @wikisource_en be created; would you be able to do that? Best if you do it, so the password stays with the WMF. Sam Wilson 21:48, 21 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Just seeing this, sorry. In that case, let me set you up with @Wikisource_en tonight or tomorrow. We'll put the current one to bed. :) AJohnson (WMF) (talk) 23:36, 21 August 2017 (UTC)

 * It's okay, we want to keep the existing one, and create the new @wikisource_en; the former can serve all language Wikisources. Thanks! Sam Wilson 00:48, 22 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Hello. I am from the french wikisource. I found this conversation by pure luck. I just wanted to let you know of our experience. We use @wikisource_fr, but it is on and off, depending on the volunteer(s) running the account. I think @wikisource should be reserved for more general purpose (There is also an inactive @wikisource_org.), and a specific account created for English wikisource.
 * There is another account specific to French Canada “Projet Québec/Canada” (twitter @jecontribue) created one year ago. Again this is on and off. I used it during Wikimania in Montréal to draw attention to wikisource.
 * This accounts takes its name (Projet Québec/Canada) from a GLAM that we (Wikimedia Canada in Québec) have with our national archival and library (Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec : BAnQ) Wikisource:BAnQ in French. We are also promoting books from other French Canadian sources such as Library and Archives Canada and Canadian universities Projet Québec/Canada in French.
 * I encourage you to create an account and hope to see you soon on Twitter. --Viticulum (talk) 19:32, 19 August 2017 (UTC)

 * had i known, i would have pushed at wikimania. User:Mathieugp is at the BAnQ. we should approach him or User:Jean-Frédéric or User:VIGNERON or you, to take over the French wikisource twitter. maybe our example will spur some social media competition. it also raises the subject of continuity. we should have a plan to rotate when social media manager gets burned out. we can reserve @wikisource to the WMF for cross language promotion, for instance for the Wikisource User Group. Slowking4 ‽ SvG's revenge 19:40, 19 August 2017 (UTC)

 * What is the name of the "specific account created for English wikisource"? Thanks, Londonjackbooks (talk) 20:21, 19 August 2017 (UTC)
 * I have not seen any, so you would have the choice. In Twitter, search for wikisource to see the others. --Viticulum (talk) 21:51, 19 August 2017 (UTC)
 * (ec) Ok, thanks. I believe I misread what you had stated. Londonjackbooks (talk) 23:36, 19 August 2017 (UTC)
 * i see it is @wikisource_fr and @wikisource_de but @odiaws, @bnwikisource and @WikiSourceBot. founders choice. Slowking4 ‽ SvG's revenge 23:33, 19 August 2017 (UTC)

I think English Wikisource should have its own pages on Twitter, Facebook and Google Plus. Bengali Wikisource has it (1, 2, 3), and links are given on bnWS Main Page. On special occasions, special subpages are created (e.g. 4 for 10th anniv. competition of bnWS), for automatic showing of new pages, there is this Facebook page: 5, this shows all new pages in bnWP, main space creations of bnWS and also other Bengali Wikimedia projects. We also have Facebook communities for all Wikisources: 6, and general sites for social gossiping from WMF: 7. On this line, enWS should have its own social media pages. Hrishikes (talk) 02:03, 20 August 2017 (UTC)

it sounds like we should go ahead and create @wikisource_en and add a bunch of us as its team, as well as add a similar team to @wikisource. My feeling is that @wikisource should pretty much just retweet the various language Wikisource accounts (in all languages). We could also create a list on @wikisource of all Wikisourcerors who are on Twitter. Sam Wilson 23:43, 20 August 2017 (UTC)

 * ok, a facebook account is here https://www.facebook.com/Wikisource/ ; also check out https://twitter.com/TranscribeSI they use twitter as a talk page or village pump. Slowking4 ‽ SvG's revenge 00:41, 21 August 2017 (UTC)

 * 1) How will a 'team' coordinate their efforts? Communication/rotation/roles (FT/PotM/Validated works/Discussions &c.)? 2) Who will create @wikisource_en? 3) How does a Twitter account work that has multiple 'users'? 4) Who will oversee account responsibility/accountability/security? Thanks, Londonjackbooks (talk) 01:24, 21 August 2017 (UTC)

 * From Tweetdeck (which anyone can use) you can run multiple accounts. To do so, the account owner has to add new 'team' members (they don't have to be given the password, and don't have to have full admin controls). I reckon we should ask User:AJohnson (WMF) to create the new @wikisource_en account. As for coordination, I think we'd be okay to let it be pretty informal: people could just check what's recently been tweeted before tweeting anything, and avoid flooding too much at once or repeating previous content. Also, the @wikisource account should ideally have team members from each of the Wikisources. Sam Wilson 01:56, 21 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Understood. Thanks, Londonjackbooks (talk) 01:59, 21 August 2017 (UTC)

Just FYI, in plwikisource we have @wikisource_pl (#Wikiźródła) twitter account. At the moment it is managed by me (formerly by the WMPL PR person). But it is not very active recently, mainly due to time shortage. We have also an active Facebook account, managed by @Wieralee AFAIK. Ankry (talk) 06:29, 22 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Added to the list (and followed). Sam Wilson 07:32, 22 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Great to see enWS up and running :) May I suggest listing the web address in the profile section? Londonjackbooks (talk) 03:16, 23 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Good point; I'll ask! And do you have any suggestions of who it should follow? I was thinking of creating a list of Twitterish Wikisourcerors... what's everyone's Twitter usernames? :-) Sam Wilson 03:47, 23 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Aubrie, are you able to list English Wikisource's web address in the profile section of the new @Wikisource_en Twitter account? It would be good for people to be able to link to it easily. Also, in my opinion, the text color for links/hashtags is too light... perhaps a darker blue (link color)? Samwilson, another suggestion: Whenever a text that contains illustrations is tweeted about, adding an image will make the tweet stand out, and it won't be so dull in the news feed. It may also be a draw. Just MHO. Londonjackbooks (talk) 09:41, 25 August 2017 (UTC)

 * Following all the sister sites (and other language WSs) would be a good start, in my opinion. Can't say as to branching out from there. Perhaps use the following as a guide as it develops. But not necessarily adopting the "you follow me, I'll follow you" mentality... But I am no expert. Definitely contributors here who supply their Twitter names. Londonjackbooks (talk) 07:38, 23 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I was thinking these accounts should follow Wikisources and sister projects, and other digital GLAMs, but not so much just random people. I've started a new list: https://twitter.com/wikisource/lists/wikisourcerors Sam Wilson 09:01, 23 August 2017 (UTC)

et al. The English WS Twitter account now has a link to the site & darker link coloring. The current profile intro states: "Wikisource—The Free Library—is a @Wikimedia project to create a free content library of source texts." I think it should also mention that it is made up of volunteers & add an invitation to contribute. Character space is limited, but I thought I would run the idea by whomever it may concern. Something like "Wikisource—the free library—is a @Wikimedia project maintained by volunteers to create a free content library of source texts. Visit to read or help contribute!"—which uses up all the character spaces. Londonjackbooks (talk) 21:16, 28 August 2017 (UTC)
 * Good idea, and I like your suggested text. Thanks for helping with this Aubrie! Sam Wilson 21:50, 28 August 2017 (UTC)

Just wondering what the status is on Wikisource_en posts. I notice a dry spell. And today is the birthday of Keats. Londonjackbooks (talk) 13:11, 31 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Done nothing. :-( RL interruptus. — billinghurst  sDrewth  22:35, 31 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Yeah, me too! :) But I shall resume my monitoring of New Texts and try to tweet what seems interesting. —Sam Wilson 22:47, 31 October 2017 (UTC)
 * (ec) Understandable. I could help out, if allowed, by doing at least a post a day...? Londonjackbooks (talk) 22:49, 31 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Great idea! I've added you as a team member. Sorry didn't do it weeks ago. —Sam Wilson 23:17, 31 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Thanks. I was reticent to ask before. I'll try to figure things out in a few minutes after I finish a chapter here. Londonjackbooks (talk) 23:21, 31 October 2017 (UTC)

I was thinking a change might be made to the last sentence in the WS_en Twitter account description:

from "...Visit to read or help contribute!"

to "...Visit to read or help edit today!"

Same number of characters, but the issue being that while we contributors know what "contribute" means, others not yet familiar with WS may associate contribution with dollar signs... which is not the intent. Thanks, Londonjackbooks (talk) 10:49, 1 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Sounds like a good idea! can you make the change? Sam Wilson 08:40, 3 May 2018 (UTC)

&c. Requesting again for the above wording change to be made to the WS_en Twitter account description. Thanks Aubrie if you can get to it! :) Londonjackbooks (talk) 07:07, 9 June 2018 (UTC)

I don't have access to the actual account (I'm just a team member like you), so this has to be done by (or maybe ?). Sam Wilson 00:54, 11 June 2018 (UTC)
 * I did put a specific message to AJohnson's talk page pointing to this conversation a couple of days ago. — billinghurst  sDrewth  08:50, 11 June 2018 (UTC)

June 2018—string of posts based on May new texts
To note some generating activity. I have added a string of posts that re-promote Template:New texts/2018/05 and a few from Template:New texts/2018/04 to fire off twice daily to the end of June. Being uninventive they give
 * title
 * author
 * year of publication
 * url
 * hashtags #transcribed(month)2018 #published(year) #readme #(AuthorName), and some other bits if considered
 * an image from work if available, otherwise author, or something related. if there was a media legend, it is added

Suggested improvements welcome.

When there are more for June, I will start adding these to ping in July. Personally I would like a means to have these do themselves, though I think that I have next to know hope of working out how to botify that. — billinghurst  sDrewth  08:36, 9 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks for keeping it active :) By August (if not sooner) I should be able to help a bit more and follow suit as you have done above &c. Londonjackbooks (talk) 19:09, 9 June 2018 (UTC)

Doing some tips
I was thinking that it would be worthwhile us looking to do a string of help and guiding posts for people to help utilise Wikisource. Especially thinking that we could do something that we could occasionally recycle. Some of the things that I think we can talk about are:
 * Generating epub books
 * Proofread of the month
 * Author pages
 * Main namespace pages
 * Search
 * Proofread page, come and visit and do a page
 * Having a Wikimedia account
 * Wikisource for Wikipedians
 * What Wikisource includes

Obviously we would want to review the landing pages and look to have "in a nutshell" components. Just thoughts. — billinghurst  sDrewth  08:45, 9 June 2018 (UTC)


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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/531

510 Tumbal, to ward off, to avert by prayer or invocation (Jampé). Thus a Tumbal is made at a forest or jungle that is to be cut down for a plantation. It is also done at any place where we want to work in order to avoid evil, and not be overtaken by disease. Anything hung up by way of a Jampé, as various roots, leaves, etc. Tumbal is thus a superstitious observance of the natives on certain occasions. Tambol, sorcery, in Malay, see Crawfurd's Dissertation, page 197.

Tumbu, to shoot up, to come up as seed from the ground. To shoot, to vegetate. The etymon of the word is Wu or Bhu, C. 688, to be, with ti and um prefixed and thus indicating: in the act of becoming. In the Bisaya language of the Philippine Islands, the word is called Tubu, to grow, Crawfurd's Dissertation, page 116, and even at the Tonga Islands of the Pacific Tubu is the word used for: to spring up as plants. The Sunda word has thus the peculiar M inserted to imply continuity. See Tumagung. In the Maori of New Zealand Tupu, is to shoot or sprout. Tubuni or Tumbani, C. 238, plantation, the act of planting trees, labours in a nursery.

Tumbuk, to pound, to stamp. To strike with the clenched fist. To drive as a pile of wood. To thump down. Compounded from the particle Ta and Buk, with the peculiar um placed between them.

Tumbung, pudendum muliebre. In Malay Tumbung means: the seed of plants, evidently from Tumbu, to shoot up. Thus the Sunda word will literaly convey the idea of the place whence the human race springs. In Malay also Crawfurd gives Tumbung, prolapsus uteri vel ani. The final ng thus modifies the sense a little. Tumbong in Malay also, Marsden, page 81, is a hole in the surface of anything hollow; a vent or spile-hole; the anus. Tumbong kalapa, the hole in a cocoa-nut from whence it sprouts.

Tumbung kanyut, name of a plant, Canthium Horridum. Kanyut means bag or purse.

Tumbung uching, pudendum felicis domesticae, implies breeding like a cat, as we would say breeding like a rabbit.

Tumorék, said of young jungle about a couple of years old, where a humah has been, and through which a man can with difficulty make his way from the density of the jungle. Derived from Torék, deaf, and the peculiar um inserted, as if the jungle would give no ear to our endeavours to pass.

Tumpah, to spill, to pour out, to shed.

Tumpak and Tumpakan, to get upon, to mount, to ride. To wear. See Umpak. Tumpak kuda, to ride a horse. Tumpak kréta, to ride in a carriage. Tumpak sapatu, to wear shoes. Tumpak sĕrawĕl, to wear trousers. Tumpak kapal, to travel or sail in a ship. Kuda di tumpakan, you must mount upon it.

Tumpang, to pile up. Piled up. Heaped up one above another. Gunung patumpangtumpang, mountains piled up one above another. Bata kudu di tumpangkĕn maka na tuhur, the bricks must be piled up one above another in order to dry.

Tumpangan, fare, passage money. Freight of goods loaded in a vessel. See Numpang.


text:
Author:Joseph Gaston

Works

 * Portland, Oregon: Its History and Builders, 1911 (in three volumes)
 * Volume 1:
 * Volume 2:
 * Volume 3:
 * The Centennial History of Oregon, 1912 (four volumes)

Contributions to Perodicals

 * The Oregon Central Railroad, from the Oregon Historical Quarterly (1902)
 * The Genesis of the Oregon Railway System, from the Oregon Historical Quarterly (1906)
 * Roads and Railways—Early History from The Souvenir of Western Women

Works mentioning Gaston

 * The Author (bio from Centennial History Vol. I)
 * History of the narrow gauge railroad in the Willamette Valley, from the Oregon Historical Quarterly (1919)
 * The Pacific Monthly/Volume 17/The Story of the Shasta Route

title: Author:Joseph Gaston


text:
Author:Laura Clay

Works

 * "The Race Question Again." Kentucky Gazette, April 1890. Box 17, Scrapbook. Laura Clay Papers, Special Collections, University of Kentucky (hereafter LCP).
 * "Miss Clay on Kentucky Law." Circa 1890s. Box 17, Scrapbook. LCP.
 * "Elections." December 12, 1890. Proceedings and Debates in the Convention Assembled at Frankfort, on the eighth day of September, 1890, to adopt, amend or change the Constitution of the State of Kentucky. 2:2090-2093. Frankfort, Ky.: E. Polk Johnson, 1890.
 * "Argument from Bible Teachings." Address, 1894 NAWSA Convention. Woman's Tribune (February 20, 1894). Box 17, Scrapbook, LCP.
 * "Miss Clara M. [Laura] Clay's Speech," 1895 South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Columbia, South Carolina. Weekly News and Courier. September 25, 1895. Box 17, Scrapbook. LCP.
 * "A New Tool." Address, WCTU Banquet. Lexington, Kentucky. February 11, 1913. Box 16, LCP.
 * "NAWSA Speech." Atlantic City, N.J., September 1916. Box 10, LCP.
 * "War Savings Bonds." June 1917. Box 12, LCP.
 * "Women and the Ballot." February 1919, Box 11, LCP.
 * "The Citizens Committee for a State Suffrage Amendment: Open Letter to the Public." June 12, 1919. Box 11, LCP.
 * "Need of Self-Expression." Address, Hamilton College, December 1919. Box 11, LCP.
 * "Paramutuel Machines." October 1923. Box 12, LCP.
 * "Why I Am Going to Vote for Al Smith." October 1928. Box 12, LCP.
 * "Why I Am a Democrat." Democratic Woman's Journal. December 1929. Box 12, LCP.

title: Author:Laura Clay


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 martial law, and climatic diseases—influences which, as the records show, left but one settler alive at the end of a single year of residence, out of every five that came over.

Indeed, how can the body of the settlers be made responsible for the calamities that ensued when they lived under a form of government made for them by (Others, productive from the first of discord and faction; when they were not permitted to work for them- selves, but for a present return of profit to the Company, had to give their time and labor to loading ships with sassafras, cedar, and other salable commodities; when they had no choice of the place of settlement, and which was selected in accordance with orders of the council in England: when they had no chance to till the fields, but were required to hunt for gold and silver mines and make tedious discoveries by land and water? Deprived of the opportunity to make their own living, they had to depend upon food sent from England. which, when it reached America, was often unfit for hogs to eat. and introduced all manner of disease. Above all, they had to deal with a climate which was singularly fatal to new-comers, and to fight off numerous bands of fierce and ferocious Indians who surrounded them on all sides.

Thus, the conditions were in every respect the reverse of those of the Plymouth settlement in 1620 on Cape Cod Bay; for there the Pilgrim Fathers had the control of their own government, the advantage of a dry and healthful situation, a sparkling stream of fresh water at their doors, open fields deserted by the Indians, whose nearest town was forty miles distant, a bay teeming with fish and a country abounding in animals whose skins brought a large profit in England. And yet, favored as they were, had they not been succored by Virginia ships, the settlers there might have all perished of famine.

Nevertheless, the settlers in Virginia held grimly to their duty, and. the dying being constantly succeeded by fresh bands doomed also to early death, but as determined as themselves, prosperity at last succeeded to misfortune, and plenty and happiness to poverty and despair. When the civil wars in England broke out in 1642, the tone of society in Virginia was raised by the great influx of cavaliers and other persons of means who sought safety in Virginia. The clearing away of the woods improved the health conditions, and men came no longer over to make tobacco, but to make homes for themselves and their families. Virginia continued to grow and improve until, at the beginning of the American Revolution, she was the leading and most powerful of all the colonies.

The priorities of Virginia may be briefly stated. As the first permanent British Colony. she may claim as her product not only the present Virginia and Southland, but all the other English colonies in America, and indeed all the colonies of the present wide-spreading British Empire. She was the eldest of all, and the inspiration of all. Because her governors kept the New England coast clear of the French, and two ships sailing from Jamestown succored


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 the settlers at New Plymouth, when, in 1622, they were at the point of starvation, she can claim especially to be the mother of New England. She had the first English institutions—trial by jury. law courts, representative lawmaking body, and free school. She was the first to announce the principle of the indissolubility of taxation and representation. She led in all the events resulting in the American Revolution—that is to say—struck the first blow in the French and Indian war. out of which war sprung the idea of taxing America; rallied the other colonies against the Stamp Act; and under the Revenue Act solved the four different crises which arose—proposing as a remedy for the first the policy of non-importation; for the second a system of intercolonial committees; for the third a general congress; and for the fourth Independence!

The life of a State is seen best in the lives of the citizens. The aim of this l)ook will be to give the biographies of all those who had any important connection with the founding of the colony down to the American Revolution. Thus the book will be divided into four parts, under the following headings:

I. The Founders; II. The Presidents and Governors; III. The Council of State; IV. The Burgesses and Other Prominent Citizens. .


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Rh Tutul, spotted, marked with spots or blotches. Maung tutul, the spotted tiger, a panther. Awi tutul, the spotted bambu, Bambusa Maculata.

Tutung, burnt, scorched, singed. Carbonized as wood put temporarily into the fire.

Tutup, to shut up, to shut, to close; to make a final payment; to terminate; to hush up. A wrapper, envelope of something. The covering piece of any lot. Jélĕma na di tutup, the man has been shut up, imprisoned. Tutup pĕrkara, to hush up any circumstance. Tutup tambako, the covering fold of a basket of tobacco (which is always the best). Hutang na gĕus tutup, his debt has been discharged.

Tutur, habituated, in the habit of. Becoming au-fait from habit. Obedient to the will of another. The etymon of this word is evidently the same as in the word Turut. Gĕus tutur, gĕus tuman, he has become habituated, and used to it.

Tuturkĕn, to follow, to track, to chace. Di tuturkĕn ka imah, I followed him to his house.

Tuturub, any temporary shelter. Any object used on the press of the moment, as a cover or lid.

Tutus, a slip of bambu split fine, or in thin shreds and used as string, especially for tying halĕups on a roof. This word is in all probability the etymon of Ratus and Satus, one hundred, which see. It is a duplication of the word Tus, to nick a bit of bambu-string in counting.

Tutut, name of a small turbinated shell-fish scarcely one inch long, found in the sawahs when inundated for planting. It is a Paludina.

Tu-us, dry, parched, desiccated, thoroughly dry. Paré na gĕus tu-us, the paddy is thoroughly dry.

Tuwa, a plant used for taking fish. See Tua or Tuba.

Tuwa, viz Ki-tuwa, otherwise called Sulangkar, Leea Sambucina. Vide Sulangkar. From this tree being called Ki-tua, and having certain supernatural attributes ascribed to it, and not tuwa, but kolot being the Sunda for old, it may be fairly doubted whether it exactly means old, and the idea suggests itself that it means: supernatural power or being, in some way, in which sense the word Atua has been preserved in the Pacific islands for Deity, and indeed both in Sunda, Malay and other Polynesian dialects generally. Tuhan Allah is still used to express the True God. Now that Tuhan, which both written and pronounced with an aspirate, as is generally supposed, to distinguish it from Tuan = Mr., may have had its origin, in reality in this Tuwa or Atua, divinity. See Atua, Wong-atua.

Tuwa-bangka, an old obstinate and malicious fellow. Perhaps the short for Tuwa-bangkawara, old and malicious.

Tuwak, or Ki-tuwak, name of a forest-tree. Tuwak in Malay is toddy, the juice of a palm-tree, which is called Lahang in Sunda.

Tuwalut, Arabic, calamity, misfortune.

Tuwang, to cast as metal. To pour out molten metal. To make castings. In Malay Tuwang is merely: to pour out any liquid, but the Sundanese restrict its use to the


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 et plus noble parler, après latin d’escole, qui soit au monde et de touz genz mieulx prisée et amée que nul autre (quar Dieux le fist si douce et amiable principalement à l’oneur et loenge de luy mesmes. Et pour ce il peut comparer au parler des angels du ciel, pour la grand doulceur et biaultée d’icel),” was such that it was not till 1363 that the chancellor opened the parliamentary session with an English speech. And although the Hundred Years’ War led to a decline in the study of French and the disappearance of Anglo-Norman literature, the French language continued, through some vicissitudes, to be the classical language of the courts of justice until the 17th century. It is still the language of the Channel Islands, though there too it tends more and more to give way before the advance of English.

It will be seen from the above that the most flourishing period of Anglo-Norman literature was from the beginning of the 12th century to the end of the first quarter of the 13th. The end of this period is generally said to coincide with the loss of the French provinces to Philip Augustus, but literary and political history do not correspond quite so precisely, and the end of the first period would be more accurately denoted by the appearance of the history of William the Marshal in 1225 (published for the Société de l’histoire de France, by Paul Meyer, 3 vols., 1891–1901). It owes its brilliancy largely to the protection accorded by Henry II. of England to the men of letters of his day. “He could speak French and Latin well, and is said to have known something of every tongue between 'the Bay of Biscay and the Jordan.' He was probably the most highly educated sovereign of his day, and amid all his busy active life he never lost his interest in literature and intellectual discussion; his hands were never empty, they always had either a bow or a book” (Dict. of Nat. Biog.). Wace and Benoît de Sainte-More compiled their histories at his bidding, and it was in his reign that Marie de France composed her poems. An event with which he was closely connected, viz. the murder of Thomas Becket, gave rise to a whole series of writings, some of which are purely Anglo-Norman. In his time appeared the works of Béroul and Thomas respectively, as well as some of the most celebrated of the Anglo-Norman romans d’aventure. It is important to keep this fact in mind when studying the different works which Anglo-Norman literature has left us. We will examine these works briefly, grouping them into narrative, didactic, hagiographic, lyric, satiric and dramatic literature.

Narrative Literature: (a) Epic and Romance.—The French epic came over to England at an early date. We know that the Chanson de Roland was sung at the battle of Hastings, and we possess Anglo-Norman MSS. of a few chansons de geste. The Pèlerinage de Charlemagne (Koschwitz, Altfranzösische Bibliothek, 1883) was, for instance, only preserved in an Anglo-Norman manuscript of the British Museum (now lost), although the author was certainly a Parisian. The oldest manuscript of the Chanson de Roland that we possess is also a manuscript written in England, and amongst the others of less importance we may mention La Chançun de Willame, the MS. of which has (June 1903) been published in facsimile at Chiswick (cf. Paul Meyer, Romania, xxxii. 597-618). Although the diffusion of epic poetry in England did not actually inspire any new chansons de geste, it developed the taste for this class of literature, and the epic style in which the tales of Horn, of Bovon de Hampton, of Guy of Warwick (still unpublished), of Waldef (still unpublished), and of Fulk Fitz Warine are treated, is certainly partly due to this circumstance. Although the last of these works has come down to us only in a prose version, it contains unmistakable signs of a previous poetic form, and what we possess is really only a rendering into prose similar to the transformations undergone by many of the chansons de geste (cf. L. Brandin, Introduction to Fulk Fitz Warine, London, 1904).

The interinfluence of French and English literature can be studied in the Breton romances and the romans d’aventure even better than in the epic poetry of the period. The Lay of Orpheus is known to us only through an English imitation; the Lai du cor was composed by Robert Biket, an Anglo-Norman poet of the 12th century (Wulff, Lund, 1888). The lais of Marie de France were written in England, and the greater number of the romances composing the matière de Bretagne seem to have passed from England to France through the medium of Anglo-Norman. The legends of Merlin and Arthur, collected in the Historia Regum Britanniae by Geoffrey of Monmouth († 1154), passed into French literature, bearing the character which the bishop of St Asaph had stamped upon them. Chrétien de Troye’s Perceval (c. 1175) is doubtless based on an Anglo-Norman poem. Robert de Boron (c. 1215) took the subject of his Merlin (published by G. Paris and J. Ulrich, 1886, 2 vols., Société des Anciens Textes) from Geoffrey of Monmouth. Finally, the most celebrated love-legend of the middle ages, and one of the most beautiful inventions of world-literature, the story of Tristan and Iseult, tempted two authors, Béroul and Thomas, the first of whom is probably, and the second certainly, Anglo-Norman (see ; ; ). One Folie Tristan was composed in England in the last years of the 12th century. (For all these questions see Soc. des Anc. Textes, Muret’s ed. 1903; Bédier’s ed. 1902–1905). Less fascinating than the story of Tristan and Iseult, but nevertheless of considerable interest, are the two romans d’aventure of Hugh of Rutland, Ipomedon (published by Kölbing and Koschwitz, Breslau, 1889) and Protesilaus (still unpublished) written about 1185. The first relates the adventures of a knight who married the young duchess of Calabria, niece of King Meleager of Sicily, but was loved by Medea, the king’s wife. The second poem is the sequel to Ipomedon, and deals with the wars and subsequent reconciliation between Ipomedon’s sons, Daunus, the elder, lord of Apulia, and Protesilaus, the younger, lord of Calabria. Protesilaus defeats Daunus, who had expelled him from Calabria. He saves his brother's life, is reinvested with the dukedom of Calabria, and, after the death of Daunus, succeeds to Apulia. He subsequently marries Medea, King Meleager’s widow, who had helped him to seize Apulia, having transferred her affection for Ipomedon to his younger son (cf. Ward, Cat. of Rom., i. 728). To these two romances by an Anglo-Norman author, Amadas et Idoine, of which we only possess a continental version, is to be added. Gaston Paris has proved indeed that the original was composed in England in the 12th century (An English Miscellany presented to Dr Furnivall in Honour of his Seventy-fifth Birthday, Oxford, 1901, 386-394). The Anglo-Norman poem on the Life of Richard Cœur de Lion is lost, and an English version only has been preserved. About 1250 Eustace of Kent introduced into England the roman d’Alexandre in his Roman de toute chevalerie, many passages of which have been imitated in one of the oldest English poems on Alexander, namely, King Alisaunder (P. Meyer, Alexandre le grand, Paris, 1886, ii. 273, and Weber, Metrical Romances, Edinburgh).

(b) Fableaux, Fables and Religious Tales.—In spite of the incontestable popularity enjoyed by this class of literature, we have only some half-dozen fableaux written in England, viz. Le chevalier à la corbeille, Le chevalier qui faisait parler les muets, Le chevalier, sa dame et un clerc, Les trois dames, La gageure, Le prêtre d’Alison, La bourgeoise d’Orléans (Bédier, Les Fabliaux, 1895). As to fables, one of the most popular collections in the middle ages was that written by Marie de France, which she claimed to have translated from King Alfred. In the Contes moralisés, written by Nicole Bozon shortly before 1320 (Soc. Anc. Textes, 1889), a few fables bear a strong resemblance to those of Marie de France.

The religious tales deal mostly with the Mary Legends, and have been handed down to us in three collections:

(i.) The Adgar’s collection. Most of these were translated from William of Malmesbury († 1143?) by Adgar in the 12th century (“Adgar’s Marien-Legenden,” Altfr. Biblioth. ix.; J. A. Herbert, Rom. xxxii. 394).

(ii.) The collection of Everard of Gateley, a monk of St Edmund at Bury, who wrote c. 1250 three Mary Legends (Rom. xxix. 27).

(iii.) An anonymous collection of sixty Mary Legends composed c. 1250 (Brit. Museum Old Roy. 20 B, xiv.), some of which have been published in Suchier’s Bibliotheca Normannica; in the ''Altf. Bibl''. See also Mussafia, “Studien zu den mittelalterlichen

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262 prefix giving a verbale power to a substantive or idiomatic expression, as Mabur, to run away, from Bur, which see.

Ma-akham, burying ground, a place of interment for human beings; a cemetery. Ma-kam, arabic, place, situation. Makamkĕn in Malay, to bury, to inter. (Arab. مَقَامٌ Maqâm remaining at a place; a place).

Ma-ap, arabic, absolved, pardoned, excused. The word is in common use for asking pardon, or begging excuse in occurrences of every day life. Pardon me; Excuse it. (مَعَاف).

Mabok, drunken, intoxicated, as with strong drink. Made giddy, deprived of your right senses by any deleterious matter taken into the stomach. Exhausted, giddy from fatigue or exposure to the hot sun. Perhaps it has a common origin with the Bo or crude part of the verb Bonowa, to drink, see Lambrick's Singhalese grammar Page 85. The ma prefixed is the Polynesian constructive particle. (Mal. مابق Mâboq).

Mabur, to run away, to skulk off; to make off without leave. (Jav. To fly, to get off quickly).

Machet, close fitting, said of clothes which fit close to the body, as sometimes worn by native coxcombs or belles.

Madang, to eat, to make a meal. To take a snack after the great meal of the day from remnants. See Mumuluk, which is to take a snack, nearer the next great meal. ( Madang, Jav., to eat rice).

Madang, name of a tree, a variety of Huru or Litsaea. The Madang, Litsaea Elliptic a is covered with blood red leaves, when they first evolve, but turn green after a few days.

Madat, a preparation of opium, boiled down to a black substance resembling treacle; in this state it is sold by the opium farmers and ready for smoking. (Jav. Mal. idem). Madět, pressed together; forced down in close contact as by pressure. Especially said of earth which has been well trodden down.

Madion, name of an inland residency of Java. Madya, C. 512 the middle, centre. Yon, C. 576, a caste, a race; also the the Elu form of Yawana or arabic. Quere also of Java, and thus „the centre of Java”. (Written in Jav. Madiyun).

Madraséh, arabic, a college or academy for learning the Mohammedan religion. (مَدْرَسَةٌ Madrasat, gymnasium, academia, collegium).

Madu, Honey. Madhu, C. 513, honey, the nectar of flowers. (Scr. Madhu).

Maduk, hit against, coming in contact with, clashing, mutually opposing.

Madura, an island next last to Java and forming part of the residency of Sourabaya. Madhura, C. 514 from madhu, honey, ra, to have or get. Sweetness, the sweet taste; sweet, pleasing, agreeable, liked. (Madhura, Scr. sweet taste, sweetness; adject, sweet; pleasant).

Magah, to teach, to instruct, to have an idea of, to entertain opinion. Magah na ka kula


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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 production by civilians in occupied countries of food supplies and raw materials of the character required by Japan. Had Japan undertaken to obtain the supplies she required from Indochina in a peaceful way, she not only would have obtained larger quantities of such supplies, but would have obtained them with complete security and without the draining expense of a military occupation. Furthermore, from the military standpoint, the President said, surely the Japanese Government could not have in reality the slightest belief that China, Great Britain, the Netherlands or the United States had any territorial designs on Indochina nor were in the slightest degree providing any real threats of aggression against Japan. This Government, consequently, could only assume that the occupation of Indochina was being undertaken by Japan for the purpose of further offense and this created a situation which necessarily must give the United States the most serious disquiet...

 * "...The President stated that if the Japanese Government would refrain from occupying Indochina with its military and naval forces, or, had such steps actually been commenced, if the Japanese Government would withdraw such forces, the President could assure the Japanese Government that he would do everything within his power to obtain from the Governments of China, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and of course the United States itself a binding and solemn declaration, provided Japan would undertake the same commitment, to regard Indochina as a neutralized country in the same way in which Switzerland had up to now been regarded by the powers as a neutralized country. He stated that this would imply that none of the powers concerned would undertake any military act of aggression against Indochina and would remain in control of the territory and would not be confronted with attempts to dislodge them on the part of de Gaullist or Free French agents or forces."

The same date, Secretary of State Cordell Hull instructed Sumner Welles to see the Japanese Ambassador, and

 * "Make clear the fact that the occupation of Indochina by Japan possibly means one further important step to seizing control of the South Sea area, including trade routes of supreme importance to the United States controlling such products as rubber, tin and other commodities. This was of vital concern to the United States. The Secretary said that if we did not bring out this point our people will not understand the significance of this movement into Indochina. The Secretary mentioned another point to be stressed: there is no theory on which Indochina could be flooded with armed forces, aircraft, et cetera,

Rh

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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 for the defense of Japan. The only alternative is that this venture into Indochina has a close relation to the South Sea area and its value for offense against that area."

In a press statement of 2 August 1941, Acting Secretary of State Welles deplored Japan's "expansionist aims" and impuned Vichy:

 * "Under these circumstances, this Government is impelled to question whether the French Government at Vichy in fact proposes to maintain its declared policy to preserve for the French people the territories both at home and abroad which have long been under French sovereignty.

 * "This Government, mindful of its traditional friendship for France, has deeply sympathized with the desire of the French people to maintain their territories and to preserve them intact. In its relations with the French Government at Vichy and with the local French authorities in French territories, the United States will be governed by the manifest effectiveness with which those authorities endeavor to protect these territories from domination and control by those powers which are seeking to extend their rule by force and conquest, or by the threat thereof."

On the eve of Pearl Harbor, as part of the U.S. attempt to obtain Japanese consent to a non-aggression pact, the U.S. again proposed neutralization of Indochina in return for Japanese withdrawal. The events of 7 December 1941 put the question of the future of Indochina in the wholly different context of U.S. strategy for fighting World War II.

 * a.

U.S. policy toward Indochina during World War II was ambivalent. On the one hand, the U.S. appeared to support Free French claims to all of France's overseas dominions. The U.S. early in the war repeatedly expressed or implied to the French an intention to restore to France its Rh

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'''ALL OF THESE ARE TENTATIVE. PLEASE RESEARCH THEIR COPYRIGHT STATUS ON YOUR OWN BEFORE DISTRIBUTING. BEWARE OF COMPILIATIONS OF COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL, EXPIRED COPYRIGHTS ONLY COVERING ADDED MATERIAL IN NEW EDITIONS, MULTIPLE AUTHORS, AUTHORS WHO AREN'T US CITIZENS OR RESIDENTS OR WHATEVER OTHER WEIRD COMPLICATING FACTORS THERE MAY BE.'''

Not listed: a large number of pamphlets and books by Earl Browder.

1923

 * My Disillusionment in Russia by Emma Goldman
 * The Goose-Step by Upton Sinclair
 * The Great American Novel by William Carlos Williams

1924

 * My Further Disillusionment in Russia by Emma Goldman
 * The Game of Life and How to Play It by Florence Scovel Shinn
 * The Gift of Black Folk by W.E.B. Du Bois
 * Encyclopedia Of Banking And Finance (first edition) by Glenn Munn

1925

 * In the American Grain by William Carlos Williams
 * Studies in the Development of David Hume (first edition) by Charles William Hendel

1927

 * The President's Daughter by Nan Britton

1928

 * Heroes of the Fiery Cross by Alma Bridwell White
 * Beneath Tropic Seas by Charles William Beebe
 * The Upward Pass by Henry Bellamann
 * Crescendo by Henry Bellamann

1929

 * Relics and Angels by Hamilton Basso
 * The Blacker the Berry by Wallace Thurman

1930

 * The First Book of Africa by Langston Hughes
 * The Bridge by Hart Crane
 * Not Without Laughter by Langston Hughes
 * Gladiator by Philip Wylie
 * Vegetable Growing (first edition) by James Edward Knott

1931

 * The Fear that Walks by Noonday by Willa Cather
 * The Cape Cod Mystery by Phoebe Atwood Taylor
 * Dear Lovely Death by Langston Hughes
 * The Negro Mother by Langston Hughes
 * The Dream Life of Balso Snell by Nathanael West
 * Murder Madness by Murray Leinster

1932

 * The Pastures of Heaven by John Steinbeck
 * The Richest Woman In Town by Henry Bellamann
 * Salmagundi by William Faulkner
 * This Earth by William Faulkner
 * Keeper of the Keys by Earl Derr Biggers

1933

 * Trial and Error by Jack Woodford

1934

 * Extra-Sensory Perception by Joseph Banks Rhine
 * Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Moralist (first edition) by Charles William Hendel

1935

 * Red Sky In The Morning by Robert P. T. Coffin
 * Olli Miss by George Wylie Henderson
 * O Careless Love! by Rex Stout
 * An Early Martyr by William Carlos Williams
 * My First Days In The White House by Huey Long
 * The Wishing Horse Of Oz by Ruth Plumly Thompson
 * Vegetable Growing (second edition) by James Edward Knott

1936

 * John Dawn by Robert P. T. Coffin
 * Nobody's Buddy by John A. Moroso
 * Saint Katy the Virgin by John Steinbeck
 * Captain Salt In Oz by Ruth Plumly Thompson
 * The Law and the McLaughlins by Margaret Wilson
 * Educational Psychology (first edition) by Charles Edward Skinner

1937

 * The Old Bunch by Meyer Levin
 * Beginning with a Bash by Phoebe Atwood Taylor
 * Handy Mandy in Oz by Ruth Plumly Thompson
 * Encyclopedia Of Banking And Finance (second edition) by Glenn Munn

1938

 * The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins by Dr. Seuss
 * Murder at the New York World's Fair by Phoebe Atwood Taylor
 * Mr. Popper's Penguins by Richard and Florence Atwater
 * The Silver Princess in Oz by Ruth Plumly Thompson
 * Algae: The Grass Of Many Waters (first edition) by Lewis Hanford Tiffany
 * From Latin To Portuguese (first edition) by Edwin Bucher Williams

1939

 * Plotting - How to Have a Brain Child by Jack Woodford
 * Idaho Lore by Vardis Fisher
 * Magna by Zona Gale
 * Double for Death by Rex Stout
 * Ozoplaning With The Wizard Of Oz by Ruth Plumly Thompson

1940

 * Why England Slept by John F. Kennedy
 * Where There's a Will by Rex Stout
 * Over My Dead Body by Rex Stout
 * John Steinbeck Replies by John Steinbeck

1941

 * My Friend Flicka by Mary O'Hara
 * Lest Darkness Fall by L. Sprague de Camp
 * Wisconsin Regional Literature by August Derleth
 * The Mask of Sanity by Hervey Cleckley
 * Vegetable Growing (third edition) by James Edward Knott
 * Ralph Waldo Emerson's Reading (first edition) by Kenneth Walter Cameron

1942

 * The Mask of Sanity by Hervey Cleckley
 * Cordially Invited to Meet Death by Rex Stout
 * Three Plots for Asey Mayo by Phoebe Atwood Taylor

1943

 * Two Serious Ladies by Jane Bowles
 * Freedom's Plow by Langston Hughes
 * Jim Crow's Last Stand by Langston Hughes
 * The Blackbirder by Dorothy B. Hughes

1944

 * Five Murderers by Raymond Chandler
 * The Wind From Nowhere by Oscar Micheaux
 * Booby Trap by Rex Stout
 * The Wedge by William Carlos Williams
 * Labor In America (first edition) by Harold Underwood Faulkner and Mark Starr

1945

 * Public Relations by Edward Bernays
 * Take Your Place At The Peace Table by Edward Bernays
 * The Classical Republicans (first edition) by Zera S. Fink

1946

 * Autobiography Of A Yogi by Paramahansa Yogananda
 * Underground To Palestine by I. F. Stone
 *  Eisenhower's Own Story Of The War  by Dwight Eisenhower (this is really PD-USGov)
 * Williwaw by Gore Vidal
 * The Story of Dorothy Stanfield by Oscar Micheaux
 * Punch with Care by Phoebe Atwood Taylor

1947

 * The Everglades: River of Grass by Marjory Stoneman Douglas
 * Eclipse Of Reason by Max Horkheimer
 * The Masquerade by Oscar Micheaux
 * The First Watch by John Steinbeck
 * Vanderbilt Clinic by John Steinbeck
 * Before I Die by Rex Stout
 * The Iron Clew by Phoebe Atwood Taylor
 * Venus Equilateral by George O. Smith
 * The Fabulous Clipjoint by Fredric Brown

1948

 * Cheaper by the Dozen by Frank Bunker Gilbreth, Jr. and Ernestine Gilbreth Carey
 * On Zionism by Louis Brandeis
 * Slaves Of Sleep by L. Ron Hubbard
 * Death's Deputy by L. Ron Hubbard
 * Final Blackout by L. Ron Hubbard
 * This is Israel by I. F. Stone
 * Psychological Warfare by Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger

1949

 * Antarctic Conquest: the Story of the Ronne Expedition 1946-1948 by Finn Ronne and L. Sprague de Camp
 * The Blue Cat Of Castleton by Catherine Coblentz
 * Bullfight Manual For Spectators by Tom Lea
 * Nothing More Than Murder by Jim Thompson
 * The Casebook Of Ellery Queen by Ellery Queen
 * Seven Out Of Time by Arthur Leo Zagat
 * Silverlock by John Myers Myers
 * The Kingslayer by L. Ron Hubbard
 * Triton & Battle Of Wizards by L. Ron Hubbard
 * Vegetable Growing (fourth edition) by James Edward Knott
 * Labor In America (second edition) by Harold Underwood Faulkner and Mark Starr
 * Electric Circuits And Machines (first edition) by Burtis Lowell Robertson and Leonard Black

1950

 * Survival under Atomic Attack by the Executive Office of the President, National Security Resources Board, and Civil Defense Office
 * It Rhymes With Lust by Leslie Waller and Arnold Drake
 * Genus Homo by L. Sprague de Camp and P. Schuyler Miller
 * The Castle of Iron by L. Sprague de Camp and Fletcher Pratt
 * Conan The Conqueror by Robert E. Howard
 * A Star's Progress by Gore Vidal
 * First Lensman by E. E. Smith
 * Cosmic Engineers by Clifford D. Simak
 * The Mask of Sanity (second edition) by Hervey Cleckley
 * Evergreen Orchards (first edition) by William Henry Chandler

1951

 * Finder's Keepers by Will Lipkind and Nicholas Mordvinoff
 * The Undesired Princess by L. Sprague de Camp
 * Diplomatic Corpse by Phoebe Atwood Taylor
 * The Light At Tern Rock by Julia Sauer and Georges Schreiber
 * Growing Up (first edition) by Roy Oren Billett

1952

 * American Capitalism: The Concept Of Countervailing Power by John Kenneth Galbraith
 * The Hidden History Of The Korean War by I. F. Stone
 * The Starmen by Leigh Brackett
 * Rip Foster In Ride The Gray Planet by Harold L. Goodwin
 * The Real Book About Space Travel by Harold L. Goodwin
 * The Crystal Horde by John Taine
 * When You Preside (first edition) by Sidney Samson Sutherland

1953

 * Southpaw by Mark Harris
 * Invitation to Murder by Rex Stout
 * Zero Clue by Rex Stout
 * Space Tug by Murray Leinster
 * Space Platform by Murray Leinster
 * UN: Today and Tomorrow by Eleanor Roosevelt

1954

 * Smoky Valley by Donald Hamilton
 * Night Walker by Donald Hamilton
 * Operation: Outer Space by Murray Leinster
 * Jonathan Troy by Edward Abbey
 * The Forgotten Planet by Murray Leinster
 * Business And Economic Statistics (first edition) by William Alfred Spurr with C.P. Bonini

1955

 * One Hundred Poems from the Japanese by Kenneth Rexroth
 * The Mask of Sanity (third edition) by Hervey Cleckley
 * Address: Centauri by F. L. Wallace
 * Martians, Go Home by Frederic Brown
 * Under the Triple Sun by Stanton A. Coblentz
 * Vegetable Growing (fifth edition) by James Edward Knott
 * Probability Theory: Foundations, Random Sequences (first edition) by Michel Loève
 * A History Of Bibliographies Of Bibliographies by Archer Taylor
 * Labor In America (third edition) by Harold Underwood Faulkner and Mark Starr
 * Story Of The Shelburne Museum (first edition) by Lilian Baker Carlisle with Ralph Nading Hill
 * Immigration Laws Of The United States (first edition) by Frank Ludwig Auerbach
 * A Survey Of World Missions (first edition) by John Caldwell Thiessen

1956

 * Highways In Hiding by George O. Smith
 * One Hundred Poems From The Chinese by Kenneth Rexroth
 * Grab Your Socks! by Shel Silverstein
 * Plague Ship by Andre Norton
 * Turbojet Fundamentals (first edition) by Howard E. Morgan
 * When You Preside (second edition) by Sidney Samson Sutherland

1957

 * Parapsychology: Frontier Science Of The Mind by Joseph Banks Rhine and Joseph Gaither Pratt
 * Helmet For My Pillow by Robert Leckie
 * The Short Reign Of Puppin IV by John Steinbeck
 * The Green Odyssey by Philip José Farmer
 * David And The Phoenix by Edward Ormondroyd
 * The Ordeal Of Mansart by W.E.B. Du Bois
 * A Theory Of The Consumption Function by Milton Friedman
 * Quantum Mechanics Of One- And Two-Electron Atoms by Edwin Salpeter and Hans Bethe
 * Labor In America (fourth edition) by Harold Underwood Faulkner and Mark Starr
 * Electric Circuits And Machines (second edition) by Burtis Lowell Robertson and Leonard Black
 * Know Alabama: An Elementary History, 1890-1956 (first edition) by Frank Lawrence Owsley

1958

 * Masters Of Deceit: The Story Of Communism In America by J. Edgar Hoover
 * Path Of Unreason by George O. Smith
 * Growing Up (second edition) by Roy Oren Billett
 * Evergreen Orchards (second edition) by William Henry Chandler
 * The Communist Threat In The Taiwan Area by Dwight Eisenhower and John Foster Dulles
 * Concepts And Methods Of Social Work by Walter Friedläner, Genevieve W. Carter, Gisela Konopka, and Henry S. Maas
 * Turbojet Fundamentals (second edition) by Howard E. Morgan
 * Handbook Of Orthodontics (first edition) by Robert Edison Moyers
 * On My Own by Eleanor Roosevelt
 * Algae: The Grass Of Many Waters (second edition) by Lewis Hanford Tiffany

1959

 * Some Notes On H.P. Lovecraft by August Derleth
 * Arkham House: The First Twenty Years, 1939-1959 by August Derleth
 * The Great Impostor by Richard Crichton
 * The Poorhouse Fair by John Updike
 * Mansart Builds A School by W.E.B. Du Bois
 * The Fourth "R" by George O. Smith
 * Chess And Checkers: The Way To Mastership (second edition) by Edward Lasker

1960

 * First Book of Africa by Langston Hughes
 * The High Crusade by Poul Anderson
 * The Status Civilization by Robert Sheckley
 * Language Change and Linguistic Reconstruction by Henry M. Hoenigswald
 * Probability Theory: Foundations, Random Sequences (second edition) by Michel Loève
 * Now Here's My Plan by Shel Silverstein
 * Story Of The Shelburne Museum (second edition) by Lilian Baker Carlisle with Ralph Nading Hill

1961

 * A Girl and Five Brave Horses by Sonora Webster Carver
 * The Destruction Of The European Jews (first edition) by Raul Hilberg
 * The Big Love by Florence Aadland with Tedd Thomey
 * Preface To A Twenty Volume Suicide Note by LeRoi Jones (Amiri Baraka)
 * The Door Through Space by Marion Zimmer Bradley
 * Immigration Laws Of The United States (second edition) by Frank Ludwig Auerbach
 * The Complete Book Of Rifles And Shotguns (first edition) by Jack O'Connor
 * Know Alabama: An Elementary History, 1890-1956 (second edition) by Frank Lawrence Owsley
 * Live's Extras (second edition) by Archibald Rutledge
 * Business And Economic Statistics (second edition) by William Alfred Spurr with C.P. Bonini
 * A Survey Of World Missions (second edition) by John Caldwell Thiessen
 * Contours Of American History (first edition) by William Appleman Williams
 * Your Teens And Mine by Helen Ferris with Eleanor Roosevelt

1962

 * Our Synthetic Environment (first edition) by Murray Bookchin
 * Fail-Safe by Eugene Burdick and Harvey Wheeler
 * Worlds Of The Imperium by Keith Laumer
 * I am a Lesbian by Marion Zimmer Bradley
 * The Strange Women by Marion Zimmer Bradley
 * Planet Of The Damned by Harry Harrison
 * Murderers' Row by Donald Hamilton
 * Little Fuzzy by H. Beam Piper
 * A Key to the Suite by John D. MacDonald
 * Ralph Waldo Emerson's Reading (second edition) by Kenneth Walter Cameron
 * The Classical Republicans (second edition) by Zera S. Fink
 * Encyclopedia Of Banking And Finance (third edition) by Glenn Munn
 * When You Preside (third edition) by Sidney Samson Sutherland
 * From Latin To Portuguese (second edition) by Edwin Bucher Williams

1963

 * It's Like This, Cat by Emily Cheney Neville
 * The Colors Of Space by Marion Zimmer Bradley
 * Spare Her Heaven by Marion Zimmer Bradley
 * My Sister, My Love by Marion Zimmer Bradley
 * North China Villages by Sidney D. Gamble
 * Studies in the Development of David Hume (second edition) by Charles William Hendel
 * Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Moralist (second edition) by Charles William Hendel
 * Handbook Of Orthodontics (second edition) by Robert Edison Moyers
 * The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of T'ang Exotics by Edward Hetzel Schafer

title: User:Prosody/norenewal


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Template:Pent/doc

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User:Dhesy

Dhesy is username of Dhesy Anang Kurnia, S.Pd is a teacher in junior high school and senior high school in Yogyakarta, located in yogyakarta, Indonesia. He is now learning Linguistics in pendidikan Bahasa dan sastra Indonesia in Yogyakarta state university, and methods of teaching since 2005. On 10 Juli 2012, he becomes Wikimedia Indonesia member. In addition to writing or editing articles in Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, he also a blogger. he have blogs about education, internet marketing, web development and SEO. Now, he started contributing in proofreading Kamus bahasa Sunda-Inggris.

title: User:Dhesy


text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part I.djvu/21

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 overseas empire after the war. These U.S. commitments included the August 2, 1941, official statement on the Franco-Japanese agreement; a December, 1941, Presidential letter to Pétain; a March 2, 1942, statement on New Caledonia; a note to the French Ambassador of April 13, 1942; Presidential statements and messages at the time of the North Africa invasion; the Clark-Darlan Agreement of November 22, 1942; and a letter of the same month from the President's Personal Representative to General Henri Giraud, which included the following reassurance:

 * "...The restoration of France to full independence, in all the greatness and vastness which it possessed before the war in Europe as well as overseas, is one of the war aims of the United Nations. It is thoroughly understood that French sovereignty will be re-established as soon as possible throughout all the territory, metropolitan or colonial, over which flew the French flag in 1939."

On the other hand, in the Atlantic Charter and other pronouncements the U.S. proclaimed support for national self-determination and independence. Moreover, the President of the United States, especially distressed at the Vichy "sell-out" to Japan in Indochina, often cited French rule there as a flagrant example of onerous and exploitative colonialism, and talked of his determination to turn Indochina over to an international trusteeship after the war. In early 1944, Lord Halifax, the British Ambassador in Washington, called on Secretary of State Hull to inquire whether the President's "rather definite" statements "that Indo-china should be taken away from the French and put under an international trusteeship" — made to "Turks, Egyptians and perhaps others" during his trip to Cairo and Teheran — represented "final conclusions in view of the fact that they would soon get back to the French..." (The French marked well the President's views — in fact as France withdrew from Vietnam in 1956, its Foreign Minister recalled Roosevelt's assuring the Sultan of Morocco that his sympathies lay with colonial peoples struggling for independence.) Lord Halifax later recorded that: Rh

title: Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part I.djvu/21


text:
Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/541

520 Undĕr-andir, name of the lower part of the Chibérang and confluents before they enter the sea; perhaps so called from its circuitous course, being derived from Undar the revolving spinning-machine.

Unduh, to gather the fruit from a tree by taking all off. Manggah na gĕus di unduh, they have gathered in all the manggoes (from some particular tree).

Undur, to recede, to retire, to with draw; to retreat. To run away. Tilok undur ti kabĕuki, he never runs away from what he relishes. Gĕus undur kabĕh, they have all gone away. Undur ti lumbur éta tĕulĕui manggih hujan, on leaving that village we immediately had rain.

Undurkĕn, to cause to fall back. To make retreat. To drive back.

Undur-undur, the lion-ant, Myrmeleon. This insect burrows in fine, soft sand or dry ashes, making little inverted conical holes into which unwary flies or other insects straying are easily caught by the lion-ant who is concealed at the bottom.

Undut, mud, joggling soft earth, peaty bog. Gunung Undut, alias Gunung Sajira in Bantam, said to be so called from some places with joggling earth, high up its sides, or near the top.

Unĕuk, the sharp hooks or prickles of some large varieties of rattan, used for garnishing the Tumbak bandil. Marsden gives the word Unak as some kind of prickly plant. The thistle is rendered by this word in the Malay translation of the Bible. Marsden, page 25.

Unggah, to get upon, to mount; to come out upon. Unggah ti chai, get up out of the river. Chai na mohal unggah, the water will not flow out upon it (the land to be made into sawahs.)

Unggahan, to get upon. To have illicit communication with a woman. Unggahan éwé batur, to have illicit communication with a neighbour's wife.

Unggut, shakey in its socket. To shake as a post stack loosely in the ground. Hunu na ururunggut kabéh, all his teeth shake in their sockets. Kayu nanchĕb ka jĕro tanĕuh di unggutkĕn, they shook the piece of wood which was stuck in the ground.

Unkrah-ankrih, to knock about. To push about or handle roughly so that it gets spoiled. Paré na ulah di ungkrah-angkrih kitu, murag, don't knock that paddy about so much, because the grains keep dropping off.

Ungkud-ungkud, to shake with a strong effort. To shake with a view to bring it out of its place. Kayu na di ungkud-ungkud wat pagĕuh, when I shook the piece of wood (stuck in the ground) I found it quite firm.

Ung'u, violet colour, purple. Also a reddish brown colour. Kain ung'u, purple cloth.

Unjal, and Unjalan, to carry away by coming again and again to fetch. To carry home the crop, as paddy from the fields to the granary at the village.

Unjuk, having a good show, making a show. Being particularly good or fine. Paré batur unjuk, my neighbour's paddy makes a fine show. Jélĕma na unjuk, that man is strong and valliant (or possesses some quality out of common).

Untal-antil, odds and ends; remnants, scraps.


text: United States – Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967: A Study Prepared by the Department of Defense/I. A. Notes


text:
Page:The Seven Seas (Kipling, 1896).djvu/232

 THE 'EATHEN

'eathen in 'is blindness bows down to wood an' stone;

'E don't obey no orders unless they is 'is own;

'E keeps 'is side-arms awful: 'e leaves 'em all about,

An' then comes up the regiment an' pokes the 'eathen out.

All along o dirtiness, all along o' mess,

All along o' doin' things rather-more-or-less,

All along of abby-nay, kul, an hazar-ho,

Mind you keep your rifle an yourself jus' so!

The young recruit is 'aughty—'e draf's from Gawd knows where;

They bid 'im show 'is stockin's an' lay 'is mattress square;


text:
Page:The Seven Seas (Kipling, 1896).djvu/233

Rh 'E calls it bloomin' nonsense—'e doesn't know, no more—

An' then up comes 'is Company an' kicks 'im round the floor!

The young recruit is 'ammered—'e takes it very 'ard;

'E 'angs 'is 'ead an' mutters—'e sulks about the yard;

'E talks o' 'cruel tyrants' 'e'll swing for by-an'-by,

An' the others 'ears an' mocks 'im, an' the boy goes orf to cry.

The young recruit is silly—'e thinks o' suicide;

'E's lost 'is gutter-devil; 'e 'asn't got 'is pride;

But day by day they kicks 'im, which 'elps 'im on a bit,

Till e' finds 'isself one mornin' with a full an' proper kit.

Gettin' clear o' dirtiness, gettin' done with mess,

Gettin' shut o' doin' things rather-more-or-less;

Not so fond of abby-nay, kul, nor hazar-ho,

Learns to keep 'is rifle an' 'isself jus' so!


text:
Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/284

 AND ENGLISH. 263

hadé, his instructions to me were good. Ulah sok magah manéh, D'ont be surprised. D'ont be thinking to yourself (that you are not wrong).

Magalan, name of the chief place in the residency Kadu. Magul, C. 504, the Elu form of Mangala, fortunate, happy, auspicious, festive; of the marriage ceremony. Alan, C. 49. an ornament. Magul-alan auspicious ornament. Or maga, C. 504, the Elu form of marga, a road, a path. Maga-alan road ornament Both or either name may point out to some connection with the approaches to the neighbouring grand temple of Boro Budor. The name of the place is sometimes spelt Magalang, and also sometimes Ma- g a la an. (Bhagelana or Baglana is part of the Mahratti country. Might this Indian name have been transferred to a part of Java ? Magalan could be in this case the same as the name of the residency of Bagalen, which is proximate to Kadu. See Bagalen. Fr.)

Magas, to cut away the seedy strings from the end of the fruit stem of the Kawung Palm, preparatory to obtaining the Toddy.

Magĕr, to fence in; to put up a fence of any kind, to shut out, to preclude. See Pagĕr.

Magoan, fixed and firm in some place. Unmoved, not changed.

Magut, caught, arrested by catching against anything. Impeded in its course by striking against some object.

Mah, in composition seems to indicate a place, a spot. As Imah, a house; probably derived from Diam, to dwell, to put up, to be quiet- this Diam, however, is not Sunda but Malay- and Mah. The I in imah may be derived from the Singhalese Innawa to sit, to be at rest, to stand. The final nawa is constructive. Humah, an upland Pad- dy plantation, from Hua or Bua fruit , and Mah. Rĕumah, an abandoned Paddy plantation, after the crop of Paddy has been got off it; the meaning of Rĕu is not very apparent, as it does not occur as a separate word in the Sunda language, but we have the following. Rĕu-ai, having many children, prolific. Rĕunĕuh, pregnant, with child. Rĕnung, springing up; so that Rĕumah, may be the place of prolificness, from the vigour with which the native jungle regains its ascendency when left to itself.

Maha, Great, eminent; very, extremely. Malta, C. 526, Great, large, big.

Mahabharata, C. 528, from Maha, great, Bharata, the poem so called from Bhara, C. 491. a weight, a load, a burthen. The name of the great epic poem so much ce- lebrated amongst the Hindus; so called in allusion to the fable of the Rishes putting it in a scale and weighing it against the four Vedas, when it was found to outweigh them.

Mahadéwa, C. 530. Maha, great, déwa, a god. A name of Siwa.

Mahadéwi, C. 530, the goddess Durga, the wife of Siwa.

Mahal, dear, high priced; scarce. (Mal. idem).

Mahi, enough, sufficient; equal to, to have in one's power to do anything. Chai na ayeunah mahi, there is now enough water. Budak iyo mohal mahi ka kolot, It is but a youth , and not likely to be able to contend with an old man.


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Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/546

Rh we do not at the moment see (as seeing a woman's gown causes sentimental emotions).

Wacha, to read, to peruse. Wacha, C. 616, and Wācha, C. 634, to speak, speech, speaking. Our word thus properly means reading aloud, giving utterance to.

Wada, to find fault with, to complain of. To correct by talking to. Wada, C. 919, speech, a word, a sentence, a saging; punishment, torture. Speech or talk is often used in Malay in the sense of finding fault with, as heard in: di kata-in, he talked at him, which means reproached him.

Wadah, a receptacle, a place to receive things in. A case, a basket or the like. Wadah sĕupahan, a sĕurĕuh-box, any apparatus for holding sĕurĕuh. Wadah bé-as, a rice basket, Tadah bĕdil, a gun-case. Wadah pakéan, a clothe's-press, or any box or basket to put clothes in.

Wadahan, to put into a receptacle; to gather up into a basket or other contrivance.

Wadang, rice which has been boiled but not immediately eaten when warm, but set by for after use.

Wadi, subject of conversation. What's in the wind (to rise a cant expression). To nyaho di wadi, he does not know what's in the wind. He does not know what arrangements are made. Wādi, C. 636, from Wada to speak wisely, etc. — wise, learned, skilful, sage.

Wadung, the small chopper of ceremony worn in the girdle by those in attendance upon the sovereigns of Java.

Wadung, the native axe, so called about Buitenzorg, and is the same as Baliyung.

Wagé, the fourth day in the old Javanese week of five days. See Manis. Poi wagé, the day wagé, is considered auspicious for many undertakings, especially for planting paddy.

Wagu, confused, confounded, stultified. Crawfurd gives in Malay Ragu, confused, perplexed.

Wah, an exclamation of surprise, or of dissent.

Wahal, a prop or support in buildings, by a piece of wood or bambu laid fiat and lengthwise.

Wahangan, the bed of a river, any large water-way, a ravine. The etymon of this word is evidently Wah, which in Malay is Bah, Marsden, p. 57, a flood, an inundation. See  and.

Waja, steel. Waja kanchur, an inferior steel, or rather cast iron, such as iron cooking-pots are made of. This word sounds Sanscritic, though not found in Clough, at least there only occurs, at page 455, Bajanaya, association, union; embracing, an embrace. May this refer to steel being united to cutting instruments, or embracing the edge? Naya is constructive. Marsden, page 30 , gives Baja, steel. Waja for steel may also be derived from Wajra, C. 616, a thunderbolt in general, or the thunderbolt of Indra; hard, impenetrable, adamantine. The Hindus may have represented steel to the Islanders as made of the thunderbolt of Indra. So also Clough, page 447 and 491,


text:
Page:The Seven Seas (Kipling, 1896).djvu/234

212 The young recruit is 'appy—'e throws a chest to suit;

You see 'im grow mustaches; you 'ear 'im slap 'is boot;

'E learns to drop the 'bloodies' from every word 'e slings,

An' 'e shows an 'ealthy brisket when 'e strips for bars an' rings.

The cruel-tyrant-sergeants they watch 'im 'arf a year;

They watch 'im with 'is comrades, they watch 'im with 'is beer;

They watch 'im with the women at the regimental dance.

And the cruel-tyrant-sergeants send 'is name along for 'Lance.'

An' now 'e's 'arf o' nothin', an' all a private yet,

'Is room they up an' rags 'im to see what they will get;

They rags 'im low an' cunnin', each dirty trick they can,

But 'e learns to sweat 'is temper an' e' learns to sweat 'is man.


text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part I.djvu/22

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011  :"The President was one of the people who used conversation as others of us use a first draft on paper...a method of trying out an idea. If it does not go well, you can modify it or drop it as you will. Nobody thinks anything of it if you do this with a paper draft; but if you do it with conversation, people say that you have changed your mind, that 'you never knew where you have him,' and so on."

But in response to a memorandum from Secretary of State Hull putting the question of Indochina to F.D.R., and reminding the President of the numerous U.S. commitments to restoration of the French empire, Roosevelt replied (on January 24, 1944) that:

 * "I saw Halifax last week and told him quite frankly that it was perfectly true that I had, for over a year, expressed the opinion that Indo-China should not go back to France but that it should be administered by an international trusteeship. France has had the country — thirty million inhabitants for nearly one hundred years, and the people are worse off than they were at the beginning.

 * "As a matter of interest, I am wholeheartedly supported in this view by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and by Marshal Stalin. I see no reason to play in with the British Foreign Office in this matter. The only reason they seem to oppose it is that they fear the effect it would have on their own possessions and those of the Dutch. They have never liked the idea of trusteeship because it is, in some instances, aimed at future independence. This is true in the case of Indo-China.

 * "Each case must, of course, stand on its own feet, but the case of Indo-China is perfectly clear. France has milked it for one hundred years. The people of Indo-China are entitled to something better than that."

 * (1)

Throughout the year 1944, the President held to his views, and consistent with them, proscribed U.S. aid to resistance groups — including French groups — in Indochina. But the war in the Asian theaters moved rapidly, and the center of gravity of the American effort began to shift northward toward Japan. The question of U.S. strategy in Southeast Asia then came to the fore. At the Second Quebec Conference (September, 1944), the U.S. refused British offers of naval assistance against Japan because Admiral King believed "the best occupation for any available British forces would be to re-take Singapore, and to assist the Dutch in recovering the East Indies," and because he suspected that the offer "was perhaps not unconnected with a desire for United States help in clearing the Japanese out of the Malay States and Netherlands East Indies." Admiral King's suspicions were not Rh

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XX PAGE

. Sir John French's Operation Order No. 15, 11.50 p.m. rd September 1914. . . . . .535 . Le General Commandant en Chef au Field Marechal Sir John French, Commandant en Chef les forces Britan- niques, 4th September 1914 .... 537 . Letter of Sir John French to Earl Kitchener, 7th September ........ 538 . Sir John French's Operation Order No. 16, 6.35 p.m. th September 1914 ...... 540 . Table giving length of daily marches (in miles) from 20th August to 5th September (both inclusive). . 542 . General Joffre's Instruction for the battle of the Marne (translation) ....... 543 . Sir John French's Operation Order No. 17, 5.15 p.m. th September 1914 ...... 545 . Cavalry Division Operation Order No. 11, 5th September (with march table) ..... 547 . I. Corps Operation Order No. 10, 5th September 1914. 548 . II. Corps Operation Order No. 15, 5th September 1914. 549 . III. Corps Operation Order No. 7, 5th September 1914. 551 . Sir John French's Special Order of the Day, 6th September ........ 552 . Sir John French's Operation Order No. 18, 9 f.m. 7th September 1914 ...... 553 . Sir John French's Operation Order No. 19, 7.30 p.m. th September 1914 ...... 555 . Sir John French's Operation Order No. 20, 8.15 p.m. th September 1914 ...... 556 . Sir John French's Operation Order No. 21, 8.15 p.m. th September 1914. , . . .558 . Sir John French's Operation Order No. 22, 6 p.m. 11th September 1914 ...... 560 . General Joffre's Special Instruction No. 23 of 12th Sep- tember 1914 ....... 562 . Sir John French's Operation Order No. 23, 7.45 p.m. th September 1914 ..... 563 . Sir John French's Operation Order No. 24, 6 p.m. 13th September 1914 ...... 565 . Sir John French's Operation Order No. 25, 14th Sep- tember 1914 ....... 567 . Sir John French's Operation Order No. 26, 8.30 p.m. th September 1914 ..... 569


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Rh An', last, a Colour-Sergeant, as such to be obeyed,

'E schools 'is men at cricket, 'e tells 'em on parade;

They sees 'em quick an' 'andy, uncommon set an' smart,

An' so 'e talks to orficers which 'ave the Core at 'eart.

'E learns to do 'is watchin' without it showin' plain;

'E learns to save a dummy, an' shove 'im straight again;

'E learns to check a ranker that's buyin' leave to shirk;

An' 'e learns to make men like 'im so they'll learn to like their work.

An' when it comes to marchin' he'll see their socks are right,

An' when it comes to action 'e shows 'em 'ow to sight;

'E knows their ways of thinkin' and just what's in their mind;

'E knows when they are takin' on an' when they've fell be'ind.


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214 'E knows each talkin' corpril that leads a squad astray;

'E feels 'is innards 'eavin', 'is bowels givin' way;

'E sees the blue-white faces all tryin' 'ard to grin,

An' 'e stands an' waits an' suffers till it's time to cap 'em in.

An' now the hugly bullets come peckin' through the dust,

An' no one wants to face 'em, but every beggar must;

So, like a man in irons which isn't glad to go,

They moves 'em off by companies uncommon stiff an' slow.

Of all 'is five years' schoolin' they don't remember much

Excep' the not retreatin', the step an' keepin' touch.

It looks like teachin' wasted when they duck an' spread an' 'op,

But if 'e 'adn't learned 'em they'd be all about the shop!


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Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011  well-founded, at least insofar as Churchill's strategic thought was concerned. The Prime Minister was evidently as unwilling to invite an active American role in the liberation of Southeast Asia as the U.S. was to undertake same; as early as February, 1944, Churchill wrote that:

 * "A decision to act as a subsidiary force under the Americans in the Pacific raises difficult political questions about the future of our Malayan possessions. If the Japanese should withdraw from them or make peace as the result of the main American thrust, the United States Government would after the victory feel greatly strengthened in its view that all possessions in the East Indian Archipelago should be placed under some international body upon which the United States would exercise a decisive concern."

The future of Commonwealth territories in Southeast Asia stimulated intense British interest in American intentions for French colonies there. In November and December of 1944, the British expressed to the United States, both in London and in Washington, their concern "that the United States apparently has not yet determined upon its policy toward Indochina." The head of the Far Eastern Department in the British Foreign Office told the U.S. Ambassador that:

 * "It would be difficult to deny French participation in the liberation of Indochina in light of the increasing strength of the French Government in world affairs, and that, unless a policy to be followed toward Indochina is mutually agreed between our two governments, circumstances may arise at any moment which will place our two governments in a very awkward situation."

President Roosevelt, however, refused to define his position further, notifying Secretary of State Stettinius on January 1, 1945:

 * "I still do not want to get mixed up in any Indo-China decision. It is a matter for postwar.—...I do not want to get mixed up in any military effort toward the liberation of Indo-China from the Japanese.—You can tell Halifax that I made this very clear to Mr. Churchill. From both the military and civil point of view, action at this time is premature."

However, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff were concurrently planning the removal of American armed forces from Southeast Asia. In response to approaches from French and Dutch officials requesting aid in expelling Japan from their former colonial territories, the U.S. informed them that:

 * "All our available forces were committed to fighting the Japanese elsewhere in the Pacific, and Indochina and the East Indies were therefore not included within the sphere of interest of the American Chiefs of Staff."

When the Combined Chiefs of Staff met at Malta at the end of January, 1945, Rh

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Rh An' now it's ' ' Oo goes backward?' an' now it's ' ' Oo comes on?'

And now it's 'Get the doolies,' an' now the captain's gone;

An' now it's bloody murder, but all the while they 'ear

'Is voice, the same as barrick drill, a-shepherdin' the rear.

'E's just as sick as they are, 'is 'eart is like to split,

But 'e works 'em, works 'em, works 'em till he feels 'em take the bit;

The rest is 'oldin' steady till the watchful bugles play,

An' 'e lifts 'em, lifts 'em, lifts 'em through the charge that wins the day!

The 'eathen in 'is blindness bows down to wood an' stone;

 ' E don't obey no orders unless they is 'is own;

The 'eathen in 'is blindness must end where 'e began,

But the backbone of the Army is the non-commissioned man!


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210 Keep away from dirtiness—keep away from mess.

Dont get into doin' things rather-more-or-less!

Let's ha' done with abby-nay, kul, an' hazar-ho;

Mind you keep your rifle an yourself jus' so!