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512 Tunduk, to bow down the body or head. With the head bent down. To stoop, to incline. To make submission.

Tundukan, as di, to bore a woman's ears for ear-rings. The expression is used at Buitenzorg. In other places more usually di tindih.

Tundun, name of a very common fruit-tree and its fruit-called in Malay Rambutan, from Rambut, the hair, as the fruit is covered with processes thought to resemble hair. The Tunduns were formerly called in botany Euphoria, but have now the name of Nephelium, as Nephelium Lappaceum, Tundun Aché, - Nephelium Glabrum, Tundun pulĕsan.

Tundun chorogol, name of a large tree growing wild in forests. Nephelium Noronhianum.

Tundung, to rebutt, to rebuff, to discharge. To turn out of employment. To have nothing further to do with.

Tunggak, the stump of a tree, cut a few inches or a foot above the ground. Any wood set fast and projecting, as drift wood in a river.

Tunggal, alone, separate, distinct. Independent of any other. Séngyang Tunggal, the independent, the only divinity, - which conveys the nearest approach to the unity of the godhead, as understood by the ancient and pagan Javanese, only we know that they had the whole Hindu tribe of gods in reverence at the same moment, and thus that Séngyang Tunggal, though independent of the other gods, and in many respects the chief divinity, did not prevent the other deities being active, each in his own peculiar sphere. See. Tunggal is still one of the chief divinities of the Badui in South Bantam.

Tunggir, the parson’s nose in fowls. The bump from which the feathers of the tail grow.

Tunggu and Tungguan, to watch, to keep, to have in surveillance. To wait or attend upon. To stay by and superintend. Ewé kolot di tungguan kénéh, he still retains his old wife, (he has not divorced her in consequence of marrying another wife). Nu di gawé, kudu di tungguan, those who work must be superintented.

Tunggul, the stump of a large tree which has been felled. Tunggul is on a large scale what Tunggak is on a smaller one. Tongala, C. 167, the end, the extreme point of the length of a thing. See.

Tungka, to cut down or detach earth from the face of a hill, or from any bank. To move or displace earth or stones by working at them with a piece of wood by way of a lever. To displace any heavy weight by levers or crowbars.

Tungku, plantain-stem cut in short lengths and set together, generally three bits, so as to form a place to cook at, or boil a pot upon, in the open air.

Tungkul, hanging down the head (from shame or otherwise). Leaning over anything.

Tungkulan, to lean over. Figuratively to take care of. To watch with anxiety. To provide for the wants of any one, especially wife and children.

Tungkul umĕusi, said of growing paddy hanging down and the ears filling.

Tungkus, a bundle, a parcel. The materials for eating sĕurĕuh tied up in the corner of a handkerchief.


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368 = Puhun or Puhon, which in Malay means a tree. Our Sunda word with Pěm — before, and an after the word makes Pěmpuhunan, that which answers for a tree, and is thus emblematic of the future paddy stems. Pěndak, met, encountered, jumped with. Pěnděm, to bury in the earth, to secrete by burying. To throw down into a bole in the ground. To thrust into any place out of sight. Pěnděng, to shut off by an enclosure, to fence off. A division in a house forming a room or rooms. Pěnděutan, to shut up, to close, to block up. Chai na gěus di pěnděut, the water has been shut off. Pěnděutan lawang na, shut the door. Pěnding, an ornamented plate of gold or silver, embossed with various devices, and forming the clasp of a belt or girdle worn mostly by women, round the waist, the pěnding or clasp being placed right in front. Pěndok, a silver or gold kris sheath, made to pass over the sheath of wood. Pěng'ék, holding the nose shut with the fingers, pinching the nose so as not to be able to smell. Pěngging, viz Ratu Pěngging, see Andaya ning Rat. Pěngki, a shallow wattled bambu basket, two of which are suspended, one to each end of a pole, and carried across the shoulder for the purpose of removing earth or any other objects. Péngkolan, a bend, a turn, especially in a watercourse, or in a road. Pěngpěk, to stop up, to shut up, as a sluicegate in a canal, or a hole in a fence etc. Péngpélangan, the inner side of the thighs. Pénna, a European's pen for writing; a pen made of a goose quill. Pěnta, the same as měnta, to ask. Assumes this form after the preposition di. Di pénta to di béré, when asked for, it was not given. Pěntang, to stretch out a fresh hide with pieces of stick in order to dry it. To cut a fresh hide in strips for making rope and hanging the same out in the sun to dry, stretched from tree to tree. To distend; to stretch out. To tie up a man who is to be flogged to a frame work, so that he cannot move. Pěntil, small sprouts setting for fruit. Any small fruit when first forming from the flower. The nipples of a woman's breast. Pěnyakit or Panyakit, sickness, disease. Pěnyakit bongsor, the small pox. Pěnyakit muriang, the fever. Péot, shrivelled up, gone down as a swelling; very lean and poor; nothing but skin and bone. Pěpanting, a kind of wasp. Pěpantér, a small worm or grub which attacks and eats the tender leaves of growing paddy. Pěparěm, any medicinal warm or pungent preparation rubbed on the body externally. Pépéd, to cut and collect stray heads of paddy which have been broken or injured, and cannot be reaped with the straw to tie up in the usual way.

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Rh Kaparĕk, serviceable, as a person who is in great request.

Kapas, Cotton. Gossypium arboreum, and Gossypium Indicum, two varieties, the former perennial and growing in the villages about the houses; the latter an annual shrub planted in gardens made for the purpose. The name is probably of Indian origin and a modification of Karpāsa, C. 110. Cotton. Vide kapuk.

Kapas Chindé, a plant with a red flower, which yields a pod, with cottony filaments. Asclepias curassavica.

Kapas mori, a good variety planted for its cotton. Most probably mori is meant for mouri, moorish, or from Mauritius, and has thus been introduced by Europeans.

Kapĕndak, met, encountered, stumbled on. (Pĕndak the revolving of a certain time; the coming back of the same time; after elapsing of (for instance eight days.) Jav.)

Kapĕng, sometimes, as the case may be. Kapĕng na hadé, it is sometimes good. (Cf. Jav. Balin. Kaping. (See beneath sub voce). Kapérad, met, spoken with; caught, secured.

Kapidengklung, name of a tall tree in mountain forests bearing a small oblong- round fruit, consisting of a very hard stone covered with an acidulous pulp which is eaten. Often also wrongly called Kopi Dĕngklung even by natives, because the fruit resembles that of the Coffee, and the initial Kapi is very close to Kopi. The tree is also Suraléh.

Kapidĕrĕng, foolishly meddling with what does not regard us. Kapikir, to have regret — on reflection to think otherwise. (Jav. Mal. Pikir. Arab. Fikr. فِكْرٌ cogitatio, attenta consideratio. Fr.)

Kapila, a designation applied to certain black buffaloes which by some mysterious process gradually lose the black colouring matter of the hide, and turn white in blotches, especially along the sides, on the neck and about the head. — (Kapila, Scr. means tawny.)

Kapilangan, having become unconscious from sudden illness or a fit, but come to life again. Fainted away. (From Ilang.) Kapinang'o, name of a forest tree which yields the disks for Pedaty wheels. Epicharis Altissima. Kapindis, the swallow which builds the „Edible birds nest”; also sometimes the house swallow, which builds its nest under the eaves of houses.

Kapinĕura, said of old and former seeds which sprout up after the land has been cleared of jungle; not intentionally planted, Kaping, properly composed of Ka and Ping. Ka is the preposition to, unto- and Ping partakes of the nature of an expletive which admits of no translation. Ulah kaping harĕup tĕuyn, ulah kaping buri tĕuyn, Do not go too much in front, do not lag too far behind. (Kaping is principally used before numerals, and is related to ing, ring, in. Fr). Kapinis, the same as Kapindis, a swallow.

Kapir, Arabic, an unbeliever, an infidel. One who denies the unity of the Godhead, and the divine mission of Mohammed. Marsden Page 248. (كَافِرٌ Kafir, infidelis.)


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200 Kapiran, disappointment, anything done contrary to expectation or desire. Ulah sia jadi kapiran, D'ont you cause disappointment. (Known at Batavia).

Kapirang-pirang, how many, so very many. It is of the same etymology as the Javanese word Piro, how many, many- Piro-piro, multitude. Kapirang-pirang imah ĕunyĕuh, how many (or so very many) houses have fallen down.

Kapisěr, having become unconscious, but coming to life again; apparent death- the same as Kapilangan.

Kapitan, Captain. Kapitein, Dutch for captain. Kapitan-china, the Captain Chinaman.

Kapiting, a Crab, a sea-crab. Cancer. (Mal. Batav. idem.)

Kapo-ékan, overtaken by night; darkness closed in. Mad with rage, furious; dizzy, giddiness. The state of mind which precedes Amuk. (From Poë, night.)

Kapoi, exposed to the sun. To laku kapoi, it must not be exposed to the sun.

Kapok, disgusted with anything so that you will have nothing more to do with it. Discontinuing some act or offence in consequence of the penalty inflicted therefore. Maling kěbo éta to daiken kapok, they will not cease to steal buffaloes (notwithstanding the punishment inflictedf or the offence.) Kapok ayĕunah ngahĕurĕuian aing they now know better then to trouble me. — (Kapok, Batav. to become afraid, to get terrified from (doing anything) Kapok, Jav. to better, to amend himself. Gerick.)

Kapol, the soft husk of a young Cocoa nut which is eatable.

Kapol, Cardamums. Amomum Cardamomum.

Kaponakan, third cousins, children of mindo. (From anak, prefixed kapua? At Batavia and in the neighbourhood Kaponakan are the children of one's brother or sister; kaponakan misan, children of a cousin. Fr.)

Kaporod, stollen — a vulgar expression.

Kaprah, of the average rate or quality; something that every one does; universally admitted. Paré na kaprah, the paddy is an average crop- is fair. Kaprah lalaki éwéan, men as a rule take wives. Nu sugih kaprah bogah kawasa, Rich men are universally admitted to have power. (Kaprah, custom, usage. Jav. Batav.) Kapuah, an excessive quantity, a glut. Kapuah, used in Jampé and incantations, and seems to correspond with the Singhalese Kapuwa, a Demon priest, C. 105. (Might be the Kawi pronoun Kapua.)

Kapuk, the cotton used for stuffing pillows, mattresses &c. It is short in staple, and cannot be used for spinning. It is produced by the trees called Randu, and Randu lĕuwĕung, respectively Eriodendron Anfractuosum, and Bombax Malabaricum. See Randu.

Kapu, C. 105, the silk cotton tree; cotton.

Kapur Baros, Baros lime or Baros Camphor the produce ot the Dryobalanops Camphora. Baros is a place on the west coast of Sumatra where it is procured. Kapuru, C. 105. Camphor. (Scr. Karpûra, Camphor. Fr.)

Kara, an idiomatic expression hard to translate. Lain karagoréng éta D'ont you very well know that that is bad. It calls the attention of the hearer forcibly to some matter.


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204 Karumpak, trodden down, as grass, straw or small bushes.

Karundang, a variety of the eggplant: Solanum Involucratum.

Karung, a bag, a sack.

Karunya, grace, favour, indulgence, compassion. Karuna or Karunawa. C. 109, mercy, tenderness, compassion. (Scr. Kârunya and Karuna, compassion, tenderness.)

Karunya-an, to have mercy or compassion upon any one.

Karusuk, to make a heavy dull sound, as of a man or animal walking in jungle. To grope your way through jungle.

Karusukan, to grope or push your way through thick reeds or jungle.

Karut, to twist and twine rope about anything; to make a net-work of rope round anything. Tampayang di karut, a large water jar set round with a matting of rope to prevent its breaking. Batu karut, a stone envelloped in matting, or rather as seen in the jungle envelloped in a tangled mass of lianes.

Kas, Dutch, a case, a chest.

Kas, Arabic, the extremity of the law; law of retaliation; very rarely used. (Arab. قِصَاصٌ, Qiçâç (also qaçç) talio, vindicta. Fr.)

Kasab, work, value, good. Naun kasab, what is the good of it.

Kasaksian, witnessed by, borne evidence by, attested by. Kasaksian ku mandor, witnessed by the mandor, or village chief. (From Scr. Sâkshin, Nom. Sûkshî, a witness; sa, with, akshi, eye.)

Kasaktian, supernatural power, enchantment. (From Çakti, id.)

Kasampak, met, fallen in with, come upon, encountered.

Kasandung, stumbled, tripped up, run unintentionally against some low object on the ground. (Sandung, to stumble against a stone, or any object on the ground Jav.)

Kasang, curtains, screens. Panggo-ongan gĕus di kasangan the shed where the gong is played has been hung round with curtains. Kasang ratu, curtains for a prince.

Kasangsang, caught, hooked, arrested; said of a rope, clothes or any object which is caught against something else. Tali na kasangsang ka na ruyuk. the rope has caught among the bushes.

Kasantap, to get an attack of illness as if caused by some evil genius. Suddenly struck ill, paralyzed.

Kasap, sharp and rough to the feel, harsh, biting like a file. (Kasap and Kasab Jav. id.; rough, not smooth.)

Kasar, rude, uncivil. (Batav. Malay كاسر Kâsar, rough, used also of cloth or other matters. Fr.)

Kasarang, as when a man or woman wants to get married and is refused; jilted. (Sarang Jav. to have a dislike, to be not inclined to.)

Kasarikat, see Sarikat.

Kasaru, to mistake, to take the wrong one from two or more objects which are very much alike; not recognize, as a person heard of but never seen.


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Rh Katalang, replaced by, to have got a substitute. Derived from the word Talang, a spout, and the idea implies—as water is carried over a hollow by a spout, so we are carried over a difficulty by the aid of some one else. Katalang ku minantu, relieved from some public duty by a son in law. The son in law performing the the public duty relieves his father in law from the obligation. A custom common at Jasinga and many other parts of the Sunda districts. The son in law relieves the father of his wife, but not his own father from the performance of feudal service. (Talang in Jav. has the same meaning; Nalang'ng'i, to order somebody to relieve ones self in the performance of a duty; also to give orders to buy. In the last acceptation tâlang is found in Malay Fr.)

Katalimbĕng, lost in a forest so that the person cannot find his way home. The natives pretend that this is in consequence of stepping over a liane called arĕui Bandĕng which in a manner charms thein. (From a root Timbĕng; al infixed.)

Katambahan, augmented, increased; something in addition. (From Tambah, to add.)

Katang'én, known, seen, evident (Tangi, Jav., to become awake, to rise.)

Katapang, name of a tree bearing a fruit like an almond. Terminalia katapang.

Katara, visible, clearly seen, manifest, espied. (From Scr. Tara, radiant, shining; clean, clear. Jav. Balin. Batav. idem.)

Katé, dwarf, small in stature, diminutive. (Batav. id. Jav. A small cock or hen. Gericke.)

Katéla, of nearly the same import as katara. Visible from a distance, clearly seen.

Katélah, called after, named from. Katélah ku anak, called after a child. The Sundaese have a practice which is the reverse of what is usual among Europeans. The father and mother are called after the eldest child. Thus if that child is called Hamat, the father will be Bapa Hamat add the mother Ambu Hamat, the father or the mother of Hamat But the word father or mother is often dropped, causing much confusion as to identity. This is an affectionate way of always acknowledging a child, which however, at same time conveys the pride of parentage.

Katépa, infected with any disease; infected by contagion.

Katépéng, a shrub producing a largish bright yellow flower, called also Daun kurap, or ringworm leaf. Acacia alata.

Katétésan, to get a drop; to have a drop fall upon you. To be implicated in any matter. (Jav. Titis, to drop.)

Kati, a catty, a weight so called; the 100th part of a Picul, which see.

Katia, a bark used fordying black. Imported, not found in the Sunda Jungles.

Katib, Arabic. A clerk, a priest's assistant; a preacher. (خَاطِبٌ, Khâtib, the priest who reads the Khutbat or the sermon of the Friday. Fr.)

Katiga, the dry season, from June to September. It is a remnant of the old Javanese method of counting the seasons, of which the other terras are not retained in the Sunda language. Katiga means- „the third" (Season). (On Bali and Java the third month.)


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Rh Katunchar, Coriander seed. Coriandrum sativum. .

Katung, a joint of bambu tied up to the Pager or wall of a native house, in which small valuables are kept. Katunggu, watched, guarded, to be kept in order, properly superintended.

Katungku, said of a buffaloe which appears to be ailing, and which it is thought prudent to kill for fear of its dying, whereby the flesh would be lost, if the animal was not killed according to Mohammedan rites.

Katut, going in at the bargaiu; sold along with something else. Béas di juwal katut jĕung karung na, the rice was sold along with the bag.

Katuwon, inward sorrow, regret.

Ka-ubĕr, roused up, stirred up, put to rout.

Kaul, arabic. Marsden. A written agreement, contract, engagement, (قَوْلً, Qaul, a saying, word.)

Kaula, I, I myself. A humble designation of self, whereby the speaker places himself below the person whom he adressesaddresses [sic]. It is still more humble than Kula, of which it seems to be a modification.

Kaulkĕn, to make a promise or engagement.

Kaum, arabic, an assembly of priests or men met for the purpose of prayer. (قَوْمً Qaum, people.)

Kaur, having time, having leisure. To kaur, I have no time. (Kahur Jav. time, leisure.)

Kaus, a stocking, such as worn by Europeans. It is the Dutch word kous, stocking.

Kawa, the Crater of a Volcano. Kawa, C. 115, a circle. Perhaps the name was applied to the craters of Volcanoes from their being generally circular openings on the tops of the mountains. (Perhaps a derivation from the Scr. root ku, to sound. Fr.)

Kawa Domas, name of one of the craters on the Tangkuban Prahu.

Kawah, a large cooking pan, a sugarpan. This and the precending word appear to be distinct, though so nearly allied in both sound an sense. The latter word, however, is always aspirated at the end which the other is not.

Kawai, the Baju or jacket of a native nobleman.

Kawalahan, overdone with work; having more trouble and work than can be got through; overtasked.

Kawalu, and Kawalu tutug, are great festivals of the Badui heathens in South Bantam. This Kawalu sounds like a Sunda form of the Javanese Wolu, Eight, and thus


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210, would be the Eighth. Perhaps originally these festivals were kept in an eighth month. .

Kawan, five nyéré of thread; and expression among the weaving women.

Kawan, a companion, an associate. Rarely used, being considered Malay, nevertheless the word occurs in Pandakawan which is a good Sunda expression, which see.

Kawas, as, like, resembling, as if, to bear the appearance of. Kawas na to daik mayar, he looks as if he did not intend to pay. (Perhaps from Awas Jav. clear, manifest.)

Kawasa, having power, or authority; able, capable; might, ability. Probably derived from wasa, C. 630, authority, mastership; with the constructive ka placed before it to give it an adjective form. (Jav. Mal. Kawasa and Kuwasa.)

Kawat, wire, fine drawn thread of any metal, but without a qualifying noun, generally means Iron wire. Kawat tambaga, brass wire.

Kawatir, to have any anxiety about, doubt, distrust. To be troubled with uncertainty how a matter will turn out Ulah kawatir, you need not be in trouble about it (Jav. Kuwatir, afraid, fearing danger.)

Kaw-auw-oh, a liane, the bark of the root of which is used to prevent Kawung toddy from turning sour.

Kawawa, to bear, to endure. To kawawa, I c'ant endure it. It is more than I can carry. (Jav. Kuwawa, to be able to do, to be in state of doing anything.) Kawawĕuhan, acquaintance, any person with whom we are acquainted. (Jav. Wawuh, to have acquaintance, to be friend of.)

Kawayah, intermittent. Muriang kawayah, the intermittent fever.

Kawěl, to tie or fasten by twisting and turning round with string. (Jav. Kuwěl.)

Kawih, to sing, to warble. Kawi, C. 115. Poetry, songs &c. a learned or wise person. Kawiyama, C. 122, a poem, poetry. Kawya, C. 122, a poetical composition, a poem. Kawi, without the final aspirate is no doubt the same word and implies the old language of Java, in which the Hindu literature is preserved, and which was in use as connected with the Hindu religion. (Kawi Scr. a poet.) Kawin, Persian, to marry, to wed, to espouse. The usual term for to marry in both Sunda, Javanese and the Malay of Java. Ngawin in Sunda and Javanese is to carry spears in procession, and Pangawinan are the people who so carry the spears. May not this have arisen from carrying spears in procession when the men (the intended father and son- in law) go to confirm the marriage. See Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch


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Rh Indié Oct. 1852 Page 275 where mention is made of „4 aween pieken” four awin spears, and of „2 awinans” or attendants as occurrying at Grissée. In the Sunda districts you still see the intended father in law, with a spear in his hand, go to the priest, followed by his intended Son in law, when the legal form of the marriage takes place. See Nikah. Kawinkĕn, to cause to marry, to marry out.

Kawini, a variety of mangga, mangifera. A true Terebintacea being very turpentiny.

Kawista, name of a large tree which yields a gummy matter used in making native ink.

Kawul, a sort of tinder procured from scraping the root part of the leaf branch, or frond, of a Kawung Palm. A spark of light struck from a steel is caught upon it, when fresh fire is made.

Kawung, name of a Palm tree so called, which yields sugar. Saguerus Saccharifera or Borassus Gomuti. Called Arén or Anau in Malay. The Sugar is boiled down from the toddy which exudes from the stems of fructification, on being beaten and sliced oft every day.

Kawung Parasi, a poor ill grown kawungpalm which yields little or no Sugar.

Kayang, some of the wild varieties of Quercus trees are so called.

Kayangan, the abode or temple of a Hyang or divinity. Kayu, wood, timber; sometimes used for a tree in general. Kha appears to be wood in Burmese. See Singapore Journal Vol 4 Page 59 where Theet-Kha is given, a bitter wood. Theet is evidently the Singhalese Titta, C. 231, bitter, pungent. Au nunu, the name of the Waringin tree at Letta and Kissa of the Serwatti group, east of Timor. Au signifies tree- Singahore Journal Vol 4 Page 181. Now the word kayu appears to be a compound of these two words, Kha and au y inserted euphoniae gratia. Or it may be simply au with the idiomatic ka prefixed. Kayu is an idiomatic term for counting certain substances which fold up flat like a board, especially piece goods. Chita sa kayu, a piece of Chintz.

Kayu-putih, literally- white wood. The tree grows in the Moluccos; and on Java the words kayu-putih, as in Europe, mean the essential oil derived from the tree. It is the Cajeput of Europe. Melaleuca Cajeputi.

Kéak, to chirp like a bird; to make a small chirping or squeaking sound.

Kěbat, straight on without divergence; in a due straight line. Kěbat bai ngidul went South in a due straight line.

Kěběl, a long time, a good while. Undur na geus kěběl, it is a good while since he went away. Sa kěběl, as long as.

Kěbo, a buffaloe, in Malay Karbau. This animal is also called munding in Sunda. Bos Bubalus. Karabha, C. 108, a Camel, an Elephant, probably derived from Karanawa, C. 108. to do, to act, to make, to perform-, and thus a working animal. .


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Rh Pěpěd, blunted, worn out by use; the sharp edge gone. Pěpědan, said of the fruit stem of the Kawung palm which has been cut and tapped so long for sugar, that said stem is off even with the trunk of the tree, and will give no more toddy. Pěpěgatan, divorced, — literally snapped asunder like a rope which breaks. See Pěgat Pépéh, said of any iron instrument, especially a bědog or arit, which is heated in the fire, in order to be repaired, or the edge mended. To repair any old iron or other tool by putting a new edge on it. Pĕpĕndĕman, anything which is hidden in the ground. Hidden treasure. See Pĕndĕm. Pĕpĕsék, to tear in shreds; to tear in pieces. Pépét, the fin of a fish. Pĕpéték, name of a small fish taken in the sea, dried an carried inland for sale. Equula in several species. Pĕpéték, usually called Orai pĕpéték, otherwise called Haphap, which is a small flying lizard, and no Orai or snake at all. Pĕpéték, the name of the pieces of wood inserted into two planks which have to be rabbeted together, and are buried out of sight when the planks are joined together. Pĕr, a prefixed particle in the formation of derivative nouns. Pérah, the handle of any instrument; the wooden or bone handle adapted to any instrument or tool. Pérah bédog, the handle of a chopper. Pérah tatah, the handle of a chisel. Pérahan, to put a handle to any instrument. Pĕrailkĕn, to divide fairly; to apportion anything as well as Jĕkat. See Parail. Pérak, silver. Wang pérak, silver money. Di lopak ku pérak, it is plated with silver. Pĕranakan, any person or animal of a cross breed. From the etymon anak, child, offspring. Pĕranakan China, a half east chinaman, a chinaman born in Java, and thus of a mother not genuine Chinese, or come from China. Kuda pĕranakan Parsi, a horse of Persian cross breed. Pérang, withered up and dead. Scorched up by the sun. Pĕrangkat, a set, an assortment. Sa pĕrangkat kanching, a set of buttons. When worn at the wrists, the set is nine buttons on each wrist. Waistcoat or jacket buttons ought properly to be the same number of 18, but is really seldom half of that quantity. Pĕrapat, a fourth part, a quarter. Tilu pĕrapat, three quarters. Opat is the Sunda for four, modified in this case into Apat = pĕrapat. The Pĕr is probably a modification of Paro, to divide, division, share. Pĕrchaya, to believe, to trust, to confide in. Ch'hãyã, C. 203, radiance, beauty, splendour, lustre, — with the Polynesian Per before it, giving it a verbal form; to have lustre, or light, where matters are clearly seen. Pĕrchumah, of no avail, useless, helpless. More usually simply Chumah, which see. Gratis, for nothing.


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212 Kěbo, a title given anciently to Javanese chiefs, and is the same as Maisa, meaning Buffaloe. Munding another word for Buffaloe was also formerly used to designate the chiefs. Lembu a bull or cow, also occurse in a similar way in the composition of the names of ancient chiefs. Kěbo has had also extensive application in this sense on Bali. See Bat. Trans. Vol 23 Page 24. It occurs in the history of Java, see Raffles Vol 2, Page 105 in the name of Kěbo Mundarang, the minister of the king o Kèdiri, and again Page 135 in the person of Kěbo Kanigara, the chief of Pajang. The word Kabu given in Raffles is no doubt meant for Kěbo.

Kěbo-grang, name of a fish at Jasinga; the same as Sanggaringan.

Kěbon, a garden, a plantation, a cultivated bit of ground. The same word is also Malay. It might have been expected that the islanders would have had a pure Polynesian word for such a thing as a garden, or bit of planted land, but nevertheless Kěbon seems to have borrowed its root from the Sanscrit Bu the Earth, the world, Clough 477, and with the constructive Ka before and an after, would make Kabuan , the u and a, by a very common rule coalesce , and form O , making thus Kabon or Kěbon, a bit of earth, a bit of land- a garden.

Kěbut, to be blown about by the wind. To fan, to blow up a fire.

Kěbutan, to fan, to cause a current of wind to pass over anything by waving some instrument by way of a fan. To dust, to blow away the dust.

Kéchap, Catchup, a dark coloured sauce prepared by the Chinese.

Kěchap, to speak, to utter a word. Sa kěchap, a word. :(Mai. Jav. Kawi Uchap, word, tale; Kochap, spoken. Kěchap, Jav. the act of opening and clossing the mouth when pronouncing a word. The following article is certainly the same, the time for pronouncing a word being no more than the twinkling of the eye. Fr.)

Kěchap, a twinkling of the eye; any short space of time; immediately.

Kechěrik, a small variety of hand fishing net.

Kěděngan, to lie down upon. Meja di kěděngan, he laid himself down upon the table.

Kěděngkěn, to lay down, to place in a recumbent position. Kěděngkěn di na meja, lay it down flat upon the table!

Kědėr, fearful, uneasy in mind, startled.

Kědih, firm in character, not to be talked over.

Kědiri, name of a residency at the east end of Java, and the supposed site of the ancient kingdom of Daha. It was here that a remarkable woman, called Kili-Suchi, lived, -- would neither pretend, that karabha is our karbau, notwithstanding that in a similar way the Western nations called the Elephant "Indian ox" (Aleph Hindi, Pott.) the Romans even "bos Lucanus" because they had seen the animal first in Lucania in the war with Pyrrhus: nor that the word karabha or karbau is derived from the root kri, to do, to work. The buffaloe is known in India and his principal name is mahisha, which is well known on Java and Bali. We might leave the karbau (kebo) to the Polynesians, even as the word Munding. Fr.


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Rh vide voce: and with reference to her failing, the natives of the country say that the country obtained its name, as Kědih in their language means- the stoppage, or rather non-appearance of the menstrual flux. Hiri or iri is envy, and thus that Kědiri implies the stoppage above alluded and envy of others at the same time. Hiri, C. 794 is also shame, confusion, and Kedih-hiri would express-shame at not having the flux. Clough Page 158 gives Khadiri, a sensative plant, mimosa pudica, which would not be a bad emblem of Kili Suchi in her distressing position. Kili Suchi was not allowed to sacrifice herself on the funeral pile of her parents, in consequence of which, she is said to have borne great ill will, and thus may account for the iri or hiri in Kědih-iri. (Khadirî, mimosa pudica. Wilson. Jav. Kědiri, wherein the  (dh) seems to indicate, that the Scr. word contained an aspirated letter. Fr.)

Kědokan, a muddy hole that a buffaloe wallows in any ground or road kept muddy and cut up by the constant passage of buffaloes or other animals.

Kěduk, to pull towards you, either with your hands, or with some instrument, as with a pachul, to scrape aside. Lěutak na kudu di kědukan, you must scrape the mud on one side.

Kéh, an interjection. Do you see! look now!

Kéhéd, glans penis.

Kéhkél, name of a small fish in rivers. Kĕjëp, a twinkling, a wink of the eye; usually Sa kejep, any very short space of time. Jav. Kĕjĕp and Kĕjép id. Vıde Kĕchap.)

Kéjo, boiled rice, rice boiled fit for eating; called in Malay Nasi.

Kĕk, the idiomatic expression of laying hold of- seize hold! lay hold! Kĕk bai di chĕkĕl, and laying hands on him he seized him.

Kékéb, a variety of Sĕurĕuh found growing wild in the forests. It is used when the true leaf is scarce or not to be had. Chavica Blumei.

Kékéd, having the fingers cramped or drawn together by disease. Daik kėkéd, may I have my fingers cramped — a serious but common expression when a man wishes to insist upon the truth of what he says. (Jav. Kékét, to stick to each other.)

Kĕkéjoan, the white frothy juice which first flows from the fruit stem of the Kawung palm, when cut for gathering the toddy to make sugar. This will not boil down to sugar and is thrown away. It is soon succeeded by more pure juice from which the sugar is made. Kĕkĕng, the bit of a bridle.

Kĕkĕng rang'ah, a bit set with iron points, called in Malay Tom duri, used much by the natives. (Tom is the Dutch woordword [sic] toom, bridle. Fr.)

Kĕkĕng chaching, literally- a worm bit, and thus smooth, A smooth bit such as used by Europeans.

Kékés, a variety of small squirrel, Sciurus; found in the jungle. It resembles the Bu-ut but is smaller.


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228 Kontan, the Dutch word Kontant: ready money, money down, for cash.

Kontol, the testicles.

Kontol anjing, name of a plant.

Kontol munding, a variety of fig tree. Ficus Macrocarpa.

Konyal, a creeper which climbs up old trees in old forests and has numerous blood red fruits of size of eggs, dispersed along the stem.

Kop, the idiomatic expression for eating, of putting into the mouth. Ari kop kana kéjo, and when I took a mouthful of rice. Kop di hakan, and putting it in his mouth, eat it.

Kopak, a wooden sheath for an Arit. It is worn at the back and is a bit of wood about 7 or 8 inches square, and a couple of inches thick, cut out so as to admit the arit being stuck in and worn at the back fast with a string round the loins.

Kopi, coffee, evidently derived from the Dutch Koffij. Coffea arabica. (Arab. قهوة, Kahwâ.)

Kopi alas, Coffee gardens planted in a forest where the original large trees are left standing.

Kopi děngklung, name of a tree properly called Kapiděngklung, which see.

Kopia, a skull cap, such as worn by Moormen.

Kopo, name of a tree. Myrtus speciosa.

Kopo lalai, name of a fruit tree. Jambosa Hypericifolia.

Koran, Arabic, the Sacred book of Islam or of the Mohammedans. (قرأن, Qurânon.)

Korban, Arabic, offering, sacrifice. A goat or buffalo killed with religious ceremony and eaten in commemoration of some deceased person. (قربان, Qurbân, what is offered to god; a sacrifice. Fr.)

Koréd, to clean or scrape away weeds with an iron instrument. The iron instrument so called, being a small blade with a shaft hole set at an angle to the blade.

Koréhan, to scratch and examine; to tease out; to elicit. To scratch.

Koréjat, to jump up suddenly, starting on your feet.

Korék, to scratch, to poke with any instrument and draw out. To scrape. To devise all manner of means to inculpate a person.

Korék Kachang, to dig the ground nut, which is done first by ploughing it up, and by people then scratching out the nuts from the loose earth.

Koréng, a scab or ichorous wound or eruption on the skin.

Korét, unwilling to give anything; close fisted.

Korma, Persian, the Date palm, Phoenix dactylifera. Dates, the fruit of a Palm tree imported from Persia- Khurma, Persian.

Korod, a small variety of rattan, grows bushy and low, and sometimes almost impedes progress through old forests, as it is very full of prickles.

Korohok, split and pecked by birds, said of fruit or vegetables such as cucumbers &c.

Koromod, covered with dirt, splashed with mud, as the hands and body after work. Same as Kolomod.


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Rh Kondé, the hair of women tied up in a neat round bunch on the top of the head. Kondé C. 143 the bunch or knot in which the Singhalese tie up their hair. (Kânda, a stalk, a stem; a cluster, a shrub. Scr. The kondé of the women is perhaps so called, because it resembles a cluster. Fr.)

Kondor, having a swollen scrotum.

Konéas, yellowish. A contraction of the words konéng, yellow, and péas, pale.

Konéng, yellow. (Jav. Mai. Kuning.)

Konéng, Turmeric, Curcuma. Konéng is the specific name for a great variety of plants, which may be called Turmerics. They are called Tému in Malay, which word is also occasionally heard in Sunda, vide voce. The konéngs are known for some peculiarity inflavour, and are used extensively either economically or medicinally. The following are the most common.

Konéng Gĕdé or Kikonéng, big turmeric, grows wild in open grass land.

„ Hidĕung, black turmeric.

„ Lalab, the Greens turmeric; from being used as a vegetable.

„ Puti, the white turmeric.

„ Santĕn, used in dying.

„ Tĕmĕn, or the true turmeric of commerce, and called also Kunyir.

„ Tinggang, a variety with unpleasant smell, used in dying.

„ Warangan, Arsenic turmeric, from deep yellow colour, used in dying.

Konéng tungtung, yello wended, said of paddy which begins to turn ripe. Kong'ang, of force in law.

Kongkoh, separately, distinctly, as well as some one else. Kongkoh bai niĕun kĕbon, separately making a garden.

Kongkol, to plot with another. To take council with another to do something wrong. (Bat. Is perhaps the Dutch konkelen, of the same meaning. Fr.)

Kongkolakan, the orifice or opening in the skull where the eye is placed.

Kongkolong'ok, to crow as a cock.

Kongkon, to give an order to do something; to issue orders. (Jav. Kongkon and kéngkén.)

Kongkong'ok, to crow as acock. Kongkong'ok kotok, cock crow -an early hour in the morning before it is light.

Kongkorak, a wooden bell hung round a buffalee's neck, called also Kolotok.

Kongkorong, a kind of bracelet worn by children.

Kongkorong'ok, to crow as a cock.

Kongsi, Chinese, a commercial association. The uniting of several persons for some mutual object. The house where such meetings are held. The dwelling and office of a government farmer or of a Chinaman conducting any business, which, however, generally refers to conducting government pachts er farms.

Konjara, a cage, a place of confinement, a prison. Perhaps a corruption of Panjaraya, C. 350, a cage, an aviary, a dove cot. Marsden gives Panjara, Page 231 as Persian which is Pĕnjrah a cage, a place of confinement, a prison.


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226 Koléchér, a fiz-gig or wind-mill set near humahs or Sawahs. The natives take a great deal of interest in this play thing and are fond of having it near their growing paddy, which growing during the north - west monsoon, there is always plenty of wind to drive it.

Kolék, a small sailing prow or boat used at sea near the shore.

Kolĕk, to boil Walu, or any fruit with sugar and so make an agreeable dish.

Kolélét, another name for Karét, the Ficus Elastica who produces the Gum Elastic.

Kolombéran, a pool of water under the steps of a native house.

Kolomod, covered with mud and dirt. Dirty about the mouth from eating anything.

Kolong, the space below any object, especially when open. Imah kolong, a house built upon posts, with an open space under it. (Known at Batavia. Means commonly corner, place beneath.)

Kolong imah, the open space below a native's house which stands on posts.

Kolong méja, the open space under a table.

Kolong pĕdati, the open space under a cart.

Kolosod, slipped or glided down. Descenling with impetus.

Kolot, old; ripe, mature, strong in substance, not diluted; become consistent, used up, expended. Baris kolot, of the number or quality of old men; the elders. Buwah na geus kolot, the fruit is ripe, of full age, mature. Tahĕuran gula gĕus kolot the boiling of sugar has got consistence. Paré na duwit na kolot his paddy and money are expended.

Kolotkĕn, to shove in up to the hilt; to insert anything still further into its place; to shove an implement still deeper in. To expend, to use up.

Kolotok, a wooden bell hung to the neck of a buffaloe, by the sound of which it can easily be traced in the jungle.

Komboi, hairy, having long shaggy hair, as an animal. Hanging in a fringe.

Kombong, a bed chamber, a place of retirement.

Kombongan, an enclosure made with nets &c in a river; an opening is left, and a man on watch shuts this opening, by pulling up a bit of net, which has hitherto laid upon the ground, as soon as he perceives any fish stray into the enclosure.

Komĕd, I d'ont know, without my knowledge.

Komo, the more, more especially; said of anything which is beyond one's reach or controul. Aing to bisa, sia komo I am not able, what chance have you. Komo tĕuyn mĕunang, It is quite out of the question my getting it.

Kompa, a water wheel for turning a mill. Probably a corruption of the Dutch word Pomp, pump.

Kompés, to examine in order to elicit evidence or the truth, to cross question, to take to task. To inveigle in conversation.

Komprang, said of trousers. Chĕlana komprang, long and wide trousers reaching to the ankles, such as worn by Europeans. (Used at Batavia, also by natives.)

Kondang, a variety of fig-tree. Ficus Subracemosa.


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Rh Kodi, a corge, anything counted or sold by 20 pieces.

Kodok, to grope with the hand; to feel for with the hand without being able to see.

Kodokan, earth trampled down and made miry by any animals, especially by buffaloes. A Buffaloe slough.

Kohkol, a joint of bambu with a longitudinal opening or slit, hung up in the wind, with a short piece of stick so arranged, that when it moves, it strikes the hollow and slit bambu, and makes a report which serves to frighten pigs or monkeys away from growing paddy or other cultivated plants.

Kohok, a peacock, so called from its cry when it gets up into trees; vide Mĕrak.

Koirkěn, to rake or pull away along the ground with any instrument, especially with a pachul.

Koja, a bag of net work carried by the Sunda people slung over the shoulder, in which all kinds of small matters are stuffed.

Koja, a Mohammedan of continental India, not an Arab. (خَو١جَه. Khawǎja, Persian, sapiens; senior; herus.)

Kojor, a bundle of palm sugar consisting of five Bungkus or packets. These five are tied up with split bambu and string, and form a long narrow roll.

Kojor, dead. A vulgar expression, and implies contempt for the person of whom it is said.

Koki, a cook, derived from the Dutch Kok = a Cook.

Kokod, the paw, the hand, the fist. The handle of anything. When used to designate a hand, it implies an indignity put upon the person who owns the hand.

Kokodén, Chintz and prints which are sold by the Kodi or corge. Printed cottons generally.

Kokodok, to take fish with the hand, by turning the stones, or groping about into holes where the fish are concealed. (See Kodok)

Kokolotěn, freckles on the face.

Kokopan, the manger of a stable. A trough or contrivance for animals, especially horses, to eat from. See Kop below.

Kokoprok, a bit of bambu, generally a couple of joints so connected with a bit of wood suspended over a stream of running water, that it gets constantly jerked up and down, and so makes a noise, by knocking upon a stone placed for the purpose, to drive away wild animals from growing paddy.

Kokoro, poor, needy, indigent. (Jav. Kuru, Mai. Kurns, thin, meager.)

Kokoro, name of a Scitamcnefbus plant, something like Laja-goa.

Kokos, to gnaw, to munch at, to corrode.

Kokosan, a fruit tree with very hard wood. A variety of Lansium.

Kol, the Dutch word kool, cabbage.

Koldi, supposed to be the forbidden fruit of Paradise. Some fruit which is not indigenous to Java, but not ascertained what it really is.

Kolé, tho wild plantain, Musa Trogloditarum.

Koléar, to fall from a height, to descend from on high.


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224, name of a tree, the wood of which has a very fetid odour. Sapresma arborea Name of a creeper with stinking leaf.

, the wild jungle cinnamon tree. Cinnamomum Javanicum.

, a kind of Centipede with black body, but red belly and feet.

, an ancient right, an inherited right.

, in that way, kitu éta so is it, so it must be. Kitu kahayang aing such is my desire; Kitu bai hadé, in that way is also good.

, name of a shrub, Leea Sambucina, vide Tuwa.

, Pantago Asiatica, name of a ribbed grass resembling similar ones in Europe, grows in mountainous cool situations. Urat means sinew. Called in Malay Kuping manjangan, deer's ears.

, now, at the present moment. Also Ti kiwari.

, a separation of man and wife for a short time, with a view to recover rĕpok.

, in this way, such. Déngékĕn kiyo parentak na, Listen such are his orders.

, a country on the coast of Coromandel; the coast of Coromandel generally called Kalinga, C. 113 extending from Cuttack to Madras. The people of Kling had great intercourse with the Archipelago before the arrival of Europeans, and by their means formerly, no doubt the produce of these countries reached Europe.

, name of a range of mountains on the western boundary of the territory of Jugjokarta, west of the river Progo. It is thus called after a frontage of limestone rock, in the neighbourhood of the Coffee stores at Sumpĕl, which as seen from the Capital of Jugjo, has the appearance of the Screen, behind which the Wayang is exhibited, called by the Javanese Klir or Kĕlir. Tijdschrift voor Taalkunde, Jaargang 1- afl: 2. The Klir hills were no less a screen in days of old behind which the Brahmins in Bagalen had enshrined themselves.

, a Chiuese hawker or pedlar.

, a runner which yields a pod containing beans.

, a large variety of the above.

, pitch penny, or pitch doit, throwing coin into holes in the ground for a wager.

, in small squares, a pattern, looking as if disposed in squares.

, to tear or scratch with the paw, as a cat or tiger does.

, a basin or bowl to wash the lingers in at meals; a finger glass.

, arrogant, self-conceited, boastful, overbearing.

, to shake a vessel containing a liquid, to shake up in a vessel, as a liquid in a bottle. (Jav. Kochak and Kochok idem.)

, to shake up in a vessel, as liquid in a bottle. (Derived from Kochok.)

, to let water flow, to cause to flow, as by opening a sluice. Chai gĕus di kochorkĕn ka sawah, the water has been run upon the Sawahs.

, a bridle for a horse. (Jav. Batav. Kĕndali.)

, to scrape or scratch with the finger nail.


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Rh Ki-mĕrak, name of a tree with box like leaf. Leucoxylon Buiifolitim. Kimpĕl, thick or ropy as liquids. Hard or set, as anything which has been melted, melted, such as fat, wax or the like. Congealed, coagulated.

Kimpul, a small kind of Talĕus, or Arum esculentum.

Kimput, name of a vegetable planted in the humahs.

Kinchang, name of bambu outriggers for a boat, to prevent its upsetting.

wikt:kinchir|Kinchir]], the native spinning wheel.

King, a form of ing, of —— which in composition, when coming after a vowel, assumes an initial k or n, and becomes king or ing. Jaba sa king lafal, without, or not found in the text. Hadé ning paré, good for paddy (when growing). (Saking, means from, by. I suppose king is no word by it self, but Saka-ing which becomes sakeng, sangkeng and saking. Fr.)

Kingkilapan, Musaenda glabra, a shrub with white floral leaf; the flower'' is red. Also called Wurungan which see- the ''kilap in this word denotes the glitter of the white floral leaf among the others which are green.

Kingkip, a variety of orange tree with very small fruit like a berry; much used as a preserve by the Chinese. Triphasia Trifoliata.

Kipas, a fan for fanning the person. A fanner for winnowing. To fan, to winnow.

Ki-pĕuhĕur, name of a jungle tree, otherwise called Kihiang, see Pĕuhĕur. From the astringent and harsh nature of the bark, it becomes one of the chief ingredients in making a certain preparation with wood ashes to intoxicate fish, or render them senseless. See Nua and Tuba.

Kipsau, Chinese, a pipkin, a small earthenware pot for boiling water.

Kira, to think, consider, take thought; suppose, conjecture, guess. (Jav. Mal. id.)

Kira-kira, computation, estimate; with moderation, discreetly; to be guided by circumstances. Perhaps, about.

Kirabkĕn, to shake and pull out the short and dirty pieces from straw or long grass, so as to get the long stems clean and fit for thatch &c. &c. (Kirab Jav. to shake out Malay, to shake off.)

Kirai, a Palm tree which in the Moluccos and straits of Malacca gives the Sago of commerce. In Java its leaves aae extensively used for Ataps or thatch, for which purpose it is often much planted in swamps. One variety is Lagus, another Metroxylon.

Kirim, to send, to dispatch. To entrust, to recommend to any one's care. (Jav. Mal. id.)

Kiruh, dirty and muddy as water, turbid. Chai na kiruh, the water is turbid.

Kisa, a small basket made of Palm leaves matted together, generally to hold fruit, cucumbers or the like.

Ki-sa1ira, name of a tree, Acronychia Arborea.

Kisas, clear, on which no claim can be made.

Kisi, the small spindles or spools on which thread is wound.

Kismis, raisins, dried grapes. Persian Kishmish (Marsden Page 155).

Kitab, Arabic, a book. Alkitab, the book, viz. the koran. (كِتَابٌ.)


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222 and leave the tree bare, as trees in winter in Europe. See Hyang: thus to this tree has been ascribed supernatural power, from the fact of its becoming bare, as if dead, and then coming to life again.

Ki-hiyĕur, a variety of wild chesnut or Castanea. Fruit not eaten. See Sanintĕn and Kalimborot.

Kihkir, a file, a rasp. Miserly, avaricious. (Malay, Batavianid. Jav. only a file, a rasp.)

Ki-hura, a variety of diminutive palm tree.

Ki-ih, to piddle, to make water.

Kijing, a bivalve shell fish, found in fresh water ponds, and muddy ditches. It is a muscle of about three inches long, and one and a half inch across.

Kiju, Cheese. Queijo, Cheese in Portuguese.

Ki-julang, a red wood used for gobang sheaths, brought from the south coast of Bantam.

Ki-kĕndung, a plant producing a pod like a bean.

Kikis, a fence made of split bambu wattled together, set round gardens &c, and especially used in native towns or large villages to set on each side of the road, so as to shut out the view of dirty homesteads.

Ki-konéng, a wild turmeric, grows wild in grasslands, and small jungles. Vide Konéng.

Kilang, viz. Sirĕum kilang, name of a small brown ant found on the ground.

Kilap, to shine, to glitter. (Jav. Kawi. Kĕlap. Malay, Batavian Kilap which means also lightning. Fr.)

Ki-lého, litterally, the snot plant. A genus of plants with several species. They have all white flowers growing immediately out of the stem of the tree, and which may have suggested the not very elegant name which it bears. They are called by Blume Saurauja, which ought to have been Sauravia. The bark of the Kilého tree is used for tying round the ends of the Kawung fruit branches, when cut off for the purpose of getting the toddy, as it is thought that they draw out the frothy juice or snot which first comes out, and which will not boil to sugar.

Kill Suchi, daughter of Déwa Kusuma, a sovereign of Eastern Java in the commencement of the 10th. century. She was the oldest of the family and remaining unmarried, performed a conspicuous part in the transactions of those days. To her is also ascribed the construction of the temples of Singa Sari. She was aunt to the celebrated Panji. The reason of her never marrying was that she was not after the habit of other women; which her name expresses. Kili, C. 125 the menstrual flux. Suchi, C. 745, white, clean, cleansed, purified. Thus clean of the flux, or free from it. The scene of her adventures is connected with Kĕdiri. Raffles Vol. 2. Page 88. Kili Suchi wished to sacrifice herself on the funeral pile of her parents, but it was not permitted her so to do. Raffles Vol. 2 Page 77.

Kilungan, to pretend ignorance, to pretend not to know.

Kima, the large sea shell Chama gigas, abundant on the South coast of Bantam, however, in comparatively small varieties.


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Rh gum is obtained, used to rub on scabs or on persons troubled with the cutaneous diseases called Ragét and Rodėk. Kiamat, Arabic, the resurrection, the final dissolution of things at the end of the world. An expression indicative of matters having gone sadly wrong. Kiamat bĕrod, things are in a miserable plight. Poi kiamat, the day of judgement. (قِيَامَةٌ Qiâmat.) Kiara, Ficus Procera, a large and spreading variety of the fig tribe. There are several varieties of Kiara, which is used a generic name. Kiara Payung, Umbrella kiara. Ficus terminalis. The Ficus Procera is more definitely called Kiara lawang, the door way kiara, from the stem, near the root dividing and forming a kind of porticoes. Ki-asahan, Tetracera Dichotoma, a liane much used for tying fences &c. Kiblat, arabic, the quarter towards which Mohammedans, of all countries, turn the face in prayer, which must be towards Mecca, (قِبْلَةٌ Qiblat.)

Kiboma, name of a tree, otherwise called Pĕutag, Pingko, Kadĕpėr. Helittophyllum Javanicum. Kicha-ang, name of a tree called Cha-ang, clear, clean, from the leaves being beaten up in water, when they form a white lather which is used for cleaning the head.

Kichĕp, a twinkle of the eye. Sa kichĕp, a moment, a twinkling. (See Kĕchap.)

Kidang, name of a constellation of three very bright stars; the Belt of Orion. The word in Malay means a small variety of deer. Cermis muntjak, which is called in Sunda minchĕk, so that the Sunda people have very likely borrowed the designation of the constellation from the Malays. The position in the heavens of this Kidang constellation regulates the time for cutting forest for yearly paddy clearings. Kidul, South; Laut kidul, the South sea. Kidung, a prayer to ward off evil; such prayer brings misfortune upon the thief or the person evil disposed. The prayer is one of Mohammedan tendency, and not Bhuddistical. (67).

Ki-ĕndog, name of a large tree. Xanthophvllum excelsum. Ki-haji, name of a forest tree, with good timber. Dysoxylum Macrocarpum.

Ki-hiang, name of a jungle tree, Adenanthera falcata, or Inga Kihiang; it is called Kihiang from Ngahiang, to disappear, to vanish, as now and then all the leaves drop) off.


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220 same meaning as the Malay âkan to, in the dative case. Akan after all seeins to be of the same origin, cf. aku, I, with Jav. Kawi kua, Batavian gua. Fr.)

, the heel; the knuckles.

, airs, pretensions. To kawawa ku keupat na, there is no enduring his airs. Hayang karareupat, they want to give themselves airs. Karareupat, is plural.

, the clenched fist when holding anything; the clenched fist. Sa kĕupĕul, as much as can be clenched in the fist. (Jav. Batavian, Kepel id.)

, a small packet of any stringy matter tied together. Tuwa sa kĕurĕun, a small packet of Tuwa or Tuba, a root with which fish are stupifyed.

, to pare off, to slice off with a knife, to slash ; to cut by drawing the knife steadily through any mass, not by hacking at it.

, sand.

, oppressively warm; close and warm without any air moving.

, a small land crab, it burrows in earth on the edge of water, and is very troublesome in all earthen embankments made for the purpose of conducting water over hollows.

, a mono valve sea-shell. Cypraea.

, a high priest of Mahomedanism. (قَضٍ Qadhi the judge. On Java and Celebes it is also pronounced Kali; at Batavia (and in Malay) Kadhi. Fr)

, inclination, pleasure. Kumaha kharap sia do just as you like; follow your own inclination.

, Arabic, Thursday. (خَامِسْ Khâmis, the fifth, خَمْس Khams, five.)

, a sort of honorific designation placed before men's names or titles; also placed before the names of many plants or trees. In the first instance it is probably a contraction of Aki, grandfather, and in the latter of Ka-i, which is sometimes though rarely heard for wood. Before titles as- Ki Tumunggung, Ki Demang- before proper names as- Ki Jaman, Ki Saman- before names of trees- Ki Cha-ang, Ki Julang, and more others, for which see below. (Ki corresponds with Si, Ni and Hi, used as a kind of article, but with different application; from all of them Pronouns are derived, as kita, I, si-ya, si-ra he (and you), ni-a, possessive, Hi-da, Bal. he (you). It is here not the place to explain this further. Fr.)

, a term of respect for an old man; a term of respect to designate a father in law. Compounded of Ki, a honorific designation, and Aya father. (Ki-ai (or-ahi) is another derivation from Ki, with ahi added, Ki-ahi, Ni-ahi (Nyai, a respectable female), Priy-ahi, I think, derived from priya, Scr. friend, a term of endearment; the name of Priyahi is given to certain inferior officers, who are for instance to superintend the koolies of Government, supplied by the native chiefs; who accompany strangers etc. Fr.)

, name of a tree growing among the mountains, from which a Geutah or viscous


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harclay, Andrew


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Rh Kërung, hollow, concave, bending inwards.

Késang, perspiration, sweat. Késangan or Bijil késang, to perspire. (Bijil will be Jav. midjil, to come outside.)

Kĕsat, a dryness in the throat impeding articulation. Rough, not smooth.

Kĕsĕd, astringent in taste, tart like unripe fruit. Said of any fruit which has a harsh rough taste.

Késér and Késérkĕn, to hand round, to shove rouud, to distribute. To move sideways as people standing or sitting in a row.

Kĕsur, a large and thick rattan, always used to stretch across rivers in order to haul ferry-boats or rafts across.

Kĕtan, a variety of Paddy, Oryza glutinosa. It is of a clammy nature and used for sweet meats and Kwéh.

Kétan-nadin, such grains as look like common rice, but are said to grow on the same ear with kĕtan.

Kétél, Dutch ketel- a kettle.

Kéténg, in retail; anything sold in retail, or in small quantities.

Kĕti, one hundred thousand. 100.000. Koti, C. 145, a number, 100 lacks or ten millions- so that in Sunda, and the same is the case in Javanese and Malay- a wrong interpretation has been given to this word.

Këting, a kind of fish in the sea.

Kĕtok, to strike gently, to tap.

Kĕton, name of a piece of money; an old Dukaton of the value of about three guilders.

Kĕtrok, to knock, to tap, to strike, To strike somewhat harder than Kĕtok.

Kĕtruk, to knock, to bray, to strike, but in a somewhat harder way than when Kétrok is used.

Kĕtug, a noise heard occasionally among the mountains, of which the people tell many marvellous stories. The sound is like that of cannon, where no cannon are known to be. A superstitious idea regarding any sound, heard among the hills, of which the cause is not known.

Kĕtug, a small round brass musical instrument belonging to the Gamĕlan. It is smaller than the Kĕnong.

Kĕu-ĕum, to soak in water, to put under water to Soak. To run water on Sawahs or other ground which is to be inundated for purposes of cultivation.

Kĕu-ĕung, afraid, timid, timorous.

Kĕu-ĕus, the fruit of Kolé or wild plantain.

Kĕuhĕul, impatient with waiting; vexed by delay. Tired out.

Kĕukĕupan, to cuddle, to embrace.

Kĕuna, hit, struck, as anything which is shot at, or aimed at in any way. To incur, to be subjected to, as Kĕuna di béwat, he iucured a fine. Di bĕdil to kĕuna, it was shot at but not hit. (Kĕna Batavian, Malay, Jav., Kawi id. In Kawi it has also the


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218 probably called Kérékan, the snorer, from the sound made when winding the threads upon the reeds, in the native spining whedl.

Kërĕng, severe, rigorous.

Kĕrĕp, set close together, crowded, thickset; frequently occurring.

Kĕrĕpan, to set close together- to bring nearer to each other.

Kĕrépék, split bambu fastened together so as to make a temporary fence, and set in rivers to enclose and catch fish.

Kĕrĕti the constellation of the Pleiades, called also Guru Désa or the village monitor, as the Paddy cultivation is regulated by its rising. Karttika, C. 120 the month Asala (Oct and Novr.) when the moon is full near the Pleiades. Karttikéya, C. 120, the Indian god of war, ansevering to the Grecian Mars. (Krittikâ, the Pleiades, who were considered as the nurses of Karttikéya, who is named after them. Fr.)

Kĕrĕwĕk, to lay hold of a man and bind him; to pounce upon.

Kĕri, growing slowly, stunted.

Kĕrid, to turn out a population to work corve'es; a general turn out of the population for public work. Kĕrid batok, a general turn out for work ; all available hands turned out to work.

Kĕridan, people turned out to work corvées. Di gawé kĕridan, to work by corvées.

Kĕrik, to scrape with the edge of knife. To scrape gently in general. To scratch, to scratch out or efface.

Kĕrna, for the reason that, because. (Scr. Karana, cause, motive. Kârana id.) Kérok, to curry-comb, to scrape roughly. To strike off grain even in any measure — as in a gantang.

Kérong, to twist a rope round any object, so as to bind it securely; entangled. See Pangérong. Sungut anjing di kerong, the mouth of the dog is bound (by a rope twisted round and round its mouth, so that it cannot open it to bite.)

Kĕrta, peace, peaceable, in a state of repose, tranquil. Appears to be a participle of Karanawa, C. 108, to do, to act, to perform. Kĕrta or karta is often met with in the composition of proper names, both of persons and places , and means then- auspicious , fortunate. (Karta, means on Java in the words Surakarta, Ngayogyakarta, rather town. How krĕta, made, can mean peace, I have not yet been able to understand. Fr.)

Kĕrtas, Arabic, paper- Wang kĕrtas, paper money. Sa kĕrtas one guilder in paper money. The more usual word for paper in general is Daluang. (كُرْظَاسٌ :كَِرطاصٌ :كَِرّطَص Arab, but a vox peregrina, Freytag. Latin Charta.)

Kĕrta-Sura, name of the Residency and Capital of Java, near the present Sura-kĕrta or Solo. The name of the Capital was inverted when removed. Karta, accomplished, perfect in all that is done.

Kĕrud, a tiger, but not the Tiger royal, which is called Maung. There is a great variety, in the Sunda districts, of which the Black Tiger, Felis niger, is one.

Kĕruk, to play as children by putting earth in half cocoa nutshells, and turning it out as from a mould.


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Rh Kényang, to pall at, to lug, to tug.

Kényéré, name of a tree with tough clastic wood.

Kêong, shape of snail's shell, coil, or spiral; a small shell fish found in swamps; a variety of Ampullaria. A snail; any small land molusk in a shell.

Képang, a peculiar kind of bambu platted work (Bilik, which see), which is the best and most substantial sort which is made.

Kepék, a sort of bambu basket with cover, the sides and top of which are covered with the cuticle of the branches of the Sarai palm, and which are impenetrable to water. The natives use Kėpéks, as we use portmanteaus for carrying about their clothes and other personal effects.

Képéng, any small copper coin, which is not a Dutch doit; any trilling value. Hagang nyiar pikulihĕun sa képéng, I want to seek work as a cooly, if it be but for a trifle.

Kĕpél, a young foal, with long shaggy hair.

Kĕper, generally called Ki-kĕper, a large forest tree. Or properly the bark of the tree which is stringy, and taken off in large pieces to be used as a kind of boarding in the rough houses of the natives.

Képés, to knock a side, to ward off by a gentle blow- to give a slap.

Képét, to eat one's own ordure under a foolish idea that we shall soon grow rich.

Kĕplék, toss- penny or toss-duit: any wager whether heads or tails will fall uppermost.

Kĕpluk, indicative of anything falling heavily to the ground, a heavy plump in a fall.

Kĕpluk-kĕpluk, to make a clashing noise, as in clapping the hands. To clap the hands.

Keprak-Kĕprik, to knock about, to toss about to move frequently and injure; to ill use.

Képrét, to sprinkle with water or any liquor, to throw water in drops on anything. Water shook from the hands on any object.

Képrik, to set after, to rouse up, to bustle at.

Kĕpuk-kĕpuk, to pat or strike gently.

Kĕpung, to encircle, to circumvent, to surround.

Kĕrai, name of a fish, found especially in caverns where there is water.

Kĕrak, in boiling rice, that part which is next the pot, which adheres to it and gets done brown. The brown crust of boiled rice.

Kérak, name of a bird much seen about buffaloes, perched on their backs, and pecking about their hide. Called also Jalak. The bird is black with a little white in the wings.

Kerèbĕk, the noise made by water entering a bottle or bambu kélé, when immersed therein, caused bij the escape of the air. The bubbling noise of air in water so escaping.

Kérék, to snore, to make a snoring noise, to breathe heavily. Ngorok, is to snore from the bottom of the throat, and expresses a more strenuous action than kérék.

Kérékan, small reeds round which threads are wound, and afterwards placed in the tropong or shuttle, when in the act of being wave into the web. The instrument is


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, John (d.1660)


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216 the boundary ridge between Jasinga and the Prianger Regencies, and is there about 5000 feet high. In the residency of Sourabaya, there are also Gunung kĕndang which are a few hundred feet above the sea. It is probably derived from Kanda, C. 104, a hill, with the Polynesian ng added to it; in the same way that it is supposed the Malay word Padang, a plain, is derived from Pada, C. 357 meaning a place, a scite. Khandha, C. 158, a multitude, the trunk of a tree- and hence the multitude of mountains, or the mountains in ridges like the trunks of trees. Mr. Friederich writes me—„Khanda (masculine and neuter Khandam) means, a piece, a part, a fragment, a portion, a chapter, a section (Kĕndang?). The root is Khad, to devidedivide [sic], to tear, to break off; a part, apiece. Khanda, Clough Page 157 has precisely the same meaning, word for word.

Kĕndi, a water goglet, an earthenware jar with along narrow neck for holding drinking water. Kéndiya, C. 136, a water goglet. Kundhi is the water pot carried by Siwa, as represented in images of this god, at the old Hindu temples in Java. Marsden gives this word as Kundi, Gundi and Gindi (Kondu in Greek, Poculum barbaricum, Persicum, certe asiaticum) a water-pot, Earthenware bottle, ewer. (Scr. kundí.)

Kĕndit, a piece of string which is worn round the hips by way of a charm. Most native women wear a Kĕndit under their clothes.

Kĕndor, slack, wanting in tightness; remiss, negligent, slow.

Kĕndoran, to ease off, to slacken, to be less severe.

Kénéh, still, in continuance. Hadé kénéh, it is still good. Tahan kénéh, it will still hold out.

Kéngkérang, the shoulder blade, the bone which joins the shoulder to the neck.

Kéniaya or Kanyaya, to oppress, to ill use, to tyrannise over; to persecute. Aniya, C. 29 a common word for violence or power, to which is thus prefixed the Polynesian Ka, and an ertraextra [sic] ya put at the end.

Kĕning, as di kĕning, to cut and trim the eyebrows, as young coquette native girls do. See di dahi.

Kĕnjĕng, a title for high personages invested with power, and is applied as well to native chiefs on Java and Bali, as also to the European authorities, such as the Residents. Jĕng in the Kawi of Java means foot, and thus the great man is designated by a part of his body not higher than the foot, as inferiors are considered unworthy to look higher.

Kĕnong, a small round and convex metal musical instrument, belonging to a gamĕlan.

Kĕntang, Potatoes, any tuberous root of the Solanum kind.

Kĕntang, Chinese Cash, being a mixed metal, of which copper is the chief ingredient, with a square hole in the middle to string them by. Probably in common use in Java before the arrival of Europeans, as it is still to this day on Bali and Lombok. Called also Pichis and kupang.

Kénténg, a tile, a roofing tile.

Kĕntrung, the dull hollow sound of the stampers in the rice block. Any dull sound.


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Rh, twins, two children at one birth.

, a large standing pannier used in boats to collect and retain fish, as it is caught with the casting net. Derived in all probability from Buwu with the preposition ka.

, swollen up, inflated, blown up, distended.

, a small sea fish so called.

, a shirt, as worm by Europeans. Camisa, Port: a shirt. (See Kaméja.).

, a commodore, a title given to some petty native chiefs about Batavia. Is the Dutch word Commandeur.

, a watchman about a dwelling house or store. A watchman in general, and especially at night. (Jav. Kěmit, to watch at wigth.).

, small in volume, in a small compass. Said of a swelling which has gone down; reduced as a swelling.

a small pannier to collect fish in as caught. It has a wide bottom and narrow neck, like a bottle.

, to bend aside; to turn away or aside.

, a helm, a rudder; a paddle or sweep to steer with. (See Kamudi.)

, a particle placed after a word, which then becomes a transitive verb; as goréng, bad, goréngkĕn, to make bad. Suka, pleasure, sukakĕn, to grant, to have pleasure in

, left, the reverse of right. Lĕungan ti kéncha, the hand on the left, the left hand. Ka kéncha, to the left.

, to stretch out a rope in order to mark out work, where to cut the ground. To line out ground for a garden bed or the like.

, fixed, fast, firmly set in, tight. Quick, expiditions, smart. Severe, strictly adhering to regulations.

, to set fast, to tighten. To hurry.

, money down; for ready money, for cash.

, to turn out cattle from the Kandang, stable or place of confinement. To turn out to graze.

, a paramour.

, name of a district in the residency of Samarang. In a country where so many remains of Hindu antiquity are found, it is not unreasonable to suspect a Hindu origin in all names of places which are not evidently Polynesian. Crawfurd gives Kěndalisada, name of the country of Hanuman in the Ramayaua; name of a mountain in the province of Samarang in Java and from this probably our Kĕndal is derived.

, a roll or large package of anything. A roll of merchandise.

, a long narrow native drum only covered atone end, and often carried suspended under the arm.

, viz. Gunung Kèndang, the name of a ridge of mountains which extends the whole lenghtlenght [sic] of Java, and is found of various elevations, from a few hundred to several thousand feet. It is, as it were, the backbone of the Island of Java. It forms


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214 Kěkětěg, the pulse, the beating of the blood. (Jav. Kětěg id.)

Kěkompongan, the flank of either man or beast. The side of lower part of belly. (Jav. Kěmpong, the milt, the bladder; Kěkěmpongan, would be the side, the place about the milt or bladder. Fr.)

Kělalén, forgotten, Compounded of Ka-lali-an. The word lali however, is of rare occurrence in Sunda for- to forget, which it more especially implies in Javanese. The common Sunda word being Poho.

Kělang, dry, desiccated.

Kělar, to have an affection for. Kělar ka Pajajaran to feel affection for Pajajaran. (Jav. To have sufficient power, to be able.)

Kělat, to connect with a bit of string; to tie lightly with a bit of string to fix to anything by tying down. A string used as a brace. (Jav. A ring, a string etc.)

Kélé, a bit of bambu, as much as is contained between two joints, used for holding water. Kélé's are always seen about the doors of native houses, to hold water to wash the feet with. Kalé C. 114- a water pot.

Kélék, the armpit. Di kélék, to carry under the arm.

Kělěm, sunk under water, covered by water, inundated. (Jav. id., also to sink under the sand. Batavian Tangk'lěm.)

Kělěngar, swooned away, fainted; in a fit and not recognizing people. (Jav. Mai. id.).

Kělětik, to extract oil from Cocoanuts by rasping the pulp and then boiling it down, as contradistinguished from di kampa, to procure the oil by squeezing in a press.

Kělěwěk, Pichung nuts prepared for cooking by drying over fire and then burying in the earth for a couple of months, or else they are poisonous.

Kělid, toward off, to parry.

Kělinchi, a hare, a rabbit; derived from the Dutch word Kleintje, a little one.

Kélong, Satan, the devil, evil spirits or genii. Kělor, name of a tree Moringa Pterygosperma. The bark of the root of this tree rasped in shreds looks like and tastes like horse- radish, and is sometimes eaten with roast beef in same manner.

Kěmang, an inferior variety of mangga, Mangifera foetida.

Kěmat, to influence, to be will disposed towards others. An incantation to induce others to marry you.

Kěmbang, a flower, blossom, the choice of anything. Gunung kěmbang flowery mountain. Kěmbang or kambang may be derived from ka, the preposition, and Bang or abang, red.

Kěmbang ang'in, literally- the flower of the wind, means private information, secret notice.

Kěmbang pala, mace; literally —— the flower of the nutmeg.

Kěmbang Sapatu, the shoe flower, Hibiscus, Rosa- Sinensis. The red flower rubbed on leather serves as blacking, hence the name. It is properly Malay and called more usually in Sunda, Wéra.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harcourt, Edward


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harcourt, Robert


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406 Ririwa, a ghost, a spirit that arises from the grave to trouble mortals.

Riya, a word heard only in conjunction with Jaka, a young man, as Jaka Riya. Riya, C. 595, one of the names of Anangaya, the Indian cupid. Jakariya was the title assumed many years ago by a rebel in Bantam. gives Riya in Malay as: playful, sportive, frolicsome.

Riyěus, to grind fine by rubbing down upon a flat stone, called Pangriyěusan or Batu giling; to rub and grind down any vegetable matter to a pulp,—as curry stuff, medicaments etc. Batu riyěus, or Batu giling, a rolling pin of stone for using upon the Pangriyěusan.

Riyěut, headache, dizziness in the head. Dizzy.

Riyul, walking off with; taking anything away without compliment. Riyul bai di bawa, to nanya děui, and off he walked with it, without saying another word.

Roa, the eighth month of the Mahometan year. Called also Arawah and Saban.

Roai, a variety of pulse or Kachang.

Roang, the spaces between the wooden posts or pillars of a house; a compartment; a division, a section; a stall; a row; a bed of anything planted. Imah tilu roang, a house with three compartments,—that is the main upright posts are four. Istal sapuluh roang, a stable with ten stalls. Kachang opat roang, four rows of pulse.

Roangan, planted in rows; arranged in rows.

Roban, robbers, plunderers; good-for-nothing people who rove about and live by their wits. A demon. Pěnyakit roban, the small pox. Any sudden and violent disease, which soon kills the person attacked, and soon disappears again. Such disease is ascribed to the influence of some demon.

Roda, a wheel, a carriage or cart wheel. A carriage, a cart (from having wheels). Roda, C. 600, a carriage wheel.

Rodék, covered with scabs and ulcers. Ulcerated.

Rogo, to take out of a little hole; to grope for in a small hole,—as a man might grope for fish in holes in the bank.

Roh, Arabic, spirit, the soul (of a living body). Roh al kudus, the Holy Ghost.

Rojok, to poke at with a stick or spear in a hole; to ram at, as the charge of a gun with the ramrod. Aya maUng di jěro liang, di rojok ku tumbak, there was a tiger in the hole, and they rammed at him with spears. Buku awi di rojok datang ka toblong, the diaphragms of the bambu were poked at till they were knocked away.

Roko, a segar, a cheroot; a bit. of tobacco rolled up in a Nipah or Kawung leaf for the purpose of smoking. The word Roko is evidently derived from the Dutch rook, smoke, and roken, to smoke.

Roko-roko, name of a bird which only occasionally visits the mountains, and that at the time when the sawahs are run under water to plough; a kind of wild duck. It often destroys the fresh cast paddy seed, by paddling among it and eating it at night time.


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Rh tĕuyn bogah ĕmbé, sok nyatuan papĕlakan batur, it is very annoying to have goats, they are constantly eating what the neighbours plant.

Sarakal, standing up in prayer. Getting upon the legs and holding out the arms to heaven in prayer.

Sarakit, a pair, a yoke of buffaloes or other cattle used for draught.

Saralak, the cross slips in a bambu gĕdėg, or in wattled bambu work, by which the whole is matted together.

Sarang, soon used up, soon expended, as the oil of a lamp. Sarang, the cross laths of split bambu which are tied upon and hold together the Darurung of a native house, and on which rest the Palupuhs. See Darurung. Sarang, di sarang, to hang up the rice block or its stampers, or even a flag, Umbul, in order to get dry weather. A superstitious practice. Sarang'éngé, the sun. The more usual word is Mata-poi. Sarangka, a scabbard, a sheath, a case for any weapon. The sheath of a gobang or sword etc. Rangka, in Malay, a scabbard, a sheath. Saranta, in difficulties, hard-pressed; jammed in a dilemna. Sarat, loaded, full-laden. Deep in the water as a ship or boat, from having a heavy load. Sarat, a person who assists the priest as assessor or witness at marriages. See Girang Sĕrat, which may be this Sarat or the Girang's assessor. Saratus, a hundred; the number 100. See Ratus. Sarauja, deep places in the sea. Saroja, C. 716, from Saras, a pond, ja, produced. The lotus; a fish. So that it appears that the Sunda people do not attach a literal meaning to the Saranya. The word occurs only in Pantuns. Saré, to sleep, to take repose by lying down. Slumber. A refined expression. Saréan, a sergeant. Opas saréan, the sergeant opas, the head opas or police puisne. The Dutch Serjant, pronounced Sergeant. The Opas saréan always remains about the great man's office, and hence the natives fancy that he is the opas who is at liberty to sleep! MARSDEN, page 191, gives Surian for sergeant. Saréat, whatever becomes manifest. The visible effect, the result, the upshot. Saréat na tĕulĕui goréng, the manifestation was bad; the result was unfortunate. Sarébu, one thousand. See Séwu. Sarémé, one grain of boiled rice. Kéjo sarémé ogé to di béré, he did not give us even one grain of boiled rice. Saréndét, MARSDEN calls it Persian,— a pretty little parroquet , about the size of a common house sparrow. Its beak is red, as well as the tail near its root. On its breast it has a yellow patch. All the rest of the body is green, except under the wings, where the feathers are blue. These Saréndéts are often kept in circular cages, which turn on pivots like a water wheel, and the bird by climbing along the bars keeps the cage revolving. Psittacus Galgulus.

Sarénkol, a small tubed bambu, resembling the Tamiang. It is crooked at every joint, diverging at some angle from the preceding one.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harcourt, Simon (1603?-1642)


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 which was handed over to the fu t'ou at the end of the trip, that he might show it to the chief of the hong as proof that he had carried out the contract. Each coolie was to receive $7.00 Mexican, or about $3.50 gold, for his journey from Yunnan-fu to Ning-yüan-fu, reckoned usually as sixteen stages. About one third the amount was to be paid before starting, the remainder in specified sums at stated intervals en route. I had no concern with the men's daily food, but from time to time I was expected to give them "pork money" if they behaved well. It would have been cheaper, I believe, to have hired coolies off the street, but far less satisfactory, for the hong holds itself responsible to you for the behavior of its men. And in their turn the coolies pay a definite percentage of their earnings to the hong.

My stores and bedding and other things were packed in large covered baskets insecurely fastened with padlocks. As time went on, covers became loose and padlocks were knocked off by projecting rocks, but nothing was ever lost or stolen. To keep out wet or vermin I had the baskets lined with Chinese oiled cotton, perishable but cheap, and effective as long as it lasts. Other sheets of the same material were provided for use in the inn. One was laid on the floor and my camp-bed set up in the middle of it, while others were spread over the wooden Chinese beds with which the room was

title: Page:A Wayfarer in China.djvu/66


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harcourt, Simon (1661?-1727)


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 well supplied, and on them my clothes, saddle, etc., were placed. When new the oiled cotton has a strong, pungent odour, not pleasant but very effective against vermin.

A most important item was the money to be used on the journey. I had an account with the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank at Shanghai, and wherever there were Europeans it was possible to get checks cashed, but from Yunnan-fu to Ning-yüan, a journey of two and a half weeks or more, I should be quite off the track of foreigners. Fortunately Yunnan is waking up in money matters as well as in other ways, and has a silver coinage of its own; moreover, one that the inhabitants are willing to accept, which is not always the case, as I found later to my cost. With the help of native bankers I was duly furnished with a supply of Yunnan dollars, akin to Mexican dollars in value, and I obtained also some Szechuan coins to use when I entered that province. In addition I became the proud possessor of some seventy dollars in Hupeh money. This I was told would pass anywhere after crossing the Yangtse. When I reached Ning-yüan-fu, however, I found that no one would take it save at a heavy discount. Unwilling to burden myself with it longer, I decided to let the Chinese bankers have it, even though at a loss, but when they discovered that the money was in twenty-cent pieces they would have nothing to do

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 with it at any price. So I carried it some two thousand miles farther, to Hupeh itself. But even there it was not willingly accepted. In the railway offices at Hankow not more than forty cents would be received in small coins. If your ticket cost $10.50, you paid for it in unbroken dollars, giving the railway a chance to unload some of the undesirable change upon you. In the end I found myself reduced to peddling twenty-cent pieces among friends and friends of friends. For small change on my journey I carried rolls of copper cents, while the cook festooned himself with long ropes of copper "cash," about twenty to the American cent.

By the arrangement of the Foreign Office two soldiers were detailed to escort me across Yunnan. It is by the wish of the officials rather than at the traveller's request that this escort is given. The Chinese have learned through an experience not wholly to our credit that injury or even annoyance to the European may bring a punishment quite out of proportion to the harm done; so to avoid difficulties the official is inclined to insist upon sending soldiers with the foreigners passing through his district, and the traveller as a rule perforce accepts the arrangement. If he refuses, he will find it more difficult to secure redress for any loss or in jury suffered. For my part I did not feel inclined to object. The expense is borne by the Government, save for the customary

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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harcourt, Simon (1714-1777)


text:
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 tip, and in more ways than one I found my escort useful. At irregular intervals they were changed. When we reached the end of the last stage for which they were detailed, I gave them my card to carry to the proper local official. This was replied to by sending a new pair bearing the official's card.

Some of the men were old-time soldiers, hardly to be distinguished from yamen runners in their untidy black and scarlet jackets decorated with bold lettering on the back; and their weapons consisted simply of something that might be described as a small sword or a huge carving-knife in a leather sheath. After entering Szechuan I was usually accompanied by quite real soldiers, men of the new service, fairly shipshape in khaki and putties and carrying up-to-date guns. But whether of the old order or of the new, I found the men at all times very courteous and friendly, and ready to do any little service that came their way. It was the duty of one man to stay with me, while the other looked after the baggage coolies. As more at home in the particular district through which we were passing, they were often very helpful to my coolies in pointing out a short cut or in finding our intricate way across the fields. Sometimes one was sent in advance to make sure of the best quarters the village where we were to pass the night could afford, and they often showed great zeal in tidying up the room for my coming. The preparations

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text:
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 usually in stirring up the dust of ages on the floor, a proceeding I did not like, and in ruthlessly tearing out the paper that covered the lattice opening, of which I much approved. Glass is rarely seen in West China, and the paper excluded both light and air, but never the gaze of the curious, as a peep-hole was very easily punched. On the march my escort, quick to notice my interest in the flowers, were active in bringing me huge nosegays gathered along the trail, so that my chair was often turned into a gay flowery bower; and they sometimes showed their love for dogs, or perhaps sought to prove their zeal in my service, by picking up Jack and carrying him for the half-hour, to his great disgust, as his sturdy legs were untiring, and equally so was his desire to investigate every nook and corner. "Little fu t'ou," the coolies called him, because of the careful watch he kept for any stragglers of the caravan.

title: Page:A Wayfarer in China.djvu/70


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harcourt, Thomas


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 Y departure was set for the 8th of April, and by half-past four of that morning the coolies, marshalled by the hong man, were at the door; but it was after nine before we were really under way. It is always a triumphant moment when one's caravan actually starts; there have been so many times when starting at all seemed doubtful. Mine looked quite imposing as it moved off, headed by Mr. Stevenson on his sturdy pony, I following in my chair, while servants and coolies straggled on behind, but, as usual, something was missing. This time it was one of the two soldiers detailed by the Foreign Office to accompany me the first stages of my journey. We were told he would join us farther on. Fortunately Mr. Stevenson was up to the wiles of the native, and he at once scented the favourite device for two to take the travelling allowance, and then, by some amicable arrangement, for only one to go. So messengers were sent in haste to look up the recreant, who finally joined us with cheerful face at the West Gate, which we reached by a rough path outside the north wall.

Here I bade Mr. Stevenson good-bye, and turned

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text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harcourt, William (1625-1679)


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 my face away from the city. Once more I was on the "open road." Above me shone the bright sun of Yunnan, before me lay the long trail leading into the unknown. Seven hundred miles of wild mountainous country, six weeks of steady travelling lay between me and Chengtu, the great western capital. The road I planned to follow would lead nearly due north at first, traversing the famous Chien-ch'ang valley after crossing the Yangtse. But at Fulin on the Ta Tu I intended to make a detour to the west as far as Tachienlu, that I might see a little of the Tibetans even though I could not enter Tibet. I did not fear trouble of any sort in spite of a last letter of warning received at Hong Kong from our Peking Legation, but there was just enough of a touch of adventure to the trip to make the roughnesses of the way endurable. Days would pass before I could again talk with my own kind, but I was not afraid of being lonely. "The scene was savage, but the scene was new," and the hours would be filled full with the constantly changing interests of the road, and as I looked at my men I felt already the comradeship that would come with long days of effort and hardship passed together. These men of the East—Turk, Indian, Chinese, Mongol—are much of a muchness, it seems to me; pay them fairly, treat them considerately, laugh instead of storm at the inevitable mishaps of the way, and generally they will give you faithful, willing service.

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 It is only when they have been spoiled by overpayment, or by bullying of a sort they do not understand, that the foreigner finds them exacting and untrustworthy. And the Chinese is an eminently reasonable man. He does not expect reward without work, and he works easily and cheerfully. But as yet he was to me an unknown quantity, and I looked over my group of coolies with some interest and a little uncertainty. They were mostly strong, sound-looking men; two or three were middle-aged, the rest young. No one looked unequal to the work, and no one proved so. All wore the inevitable blue cotton of the Chinese, varying with wear and patching from blue-black to bluish-white, and the fashion of the dress was always the same; short, full trousers, square-cut, topped by a belted shirt with long sleeves falling over the hands or rolled up to the elbow according to the weather. About their heads they generally twisted a strip of cotton, save when blazing sun or pouring rain called for the protection of their wide straw hats covered with oiled cotton. Generally they wore the queue tucked into the girdle to keep it out of the way, but occasionally it was put to use, as, for example, if a man's hat was not at hand to ward off the glare of the sun, he would deftly arrange a thatch of leaves over his eyes, binding it firm with his long braid of black hair. On their feet they wore the inevitable straw sandal of these parts. Comfortable for those who know

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text:
Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/501

480 :Sunda are called Tarajé, which word is also used when speaking especially of the steps of a house. See Tatangga. Tanggah, looking upwards. With the countenance turned upwards.

Tanggai, having long nails. Such long nails are sometimes kept to show that the owner has not to gain his livelyhood by manual labour. Called in Malay Changgai.

Tanggal, date. A denomination for a day of the month or moon. Tanggal sapuluh bulan Haji, on the (10$th$) day of the month Haji. Pananggalan, the first day of the moon. Bulan gĕus tanggal, the moon has commenced a new lunation.

Tanggaluk, sitting curved up in a heap. Tanggaluk bai diyĕuk di ambén, he was sitting cowered in a heap on the stage before his door.

Tanggap, to look at, to watch. Not to interfere with. To have in view, to cause any exhibition to be made before you for amusement. Tanggap ronggéng, to watch ronggéngs (for amusement). Tanggap go-ong, to have an exhibition of gongs (playing). Di tanggap bai, he merely looked on and did not interfere. Mohal hadé di tanggap bai, it will never do to look quietly on.

Tanggĕl, it is out of the question. How can I do it? Having a strong aversion to do anything. Tangĕl amat lamun aing kudu nyambut nu kitu, if it was me, I should have a most decided aversion to do the like. Naik ka dinyo ma tanggĕl, as to getting up there, it is out of the question. Di titah ngojai, tanggĕl, he orders me to swim over, but how can I do it.

Tanggĕu-ĕuk, name of a variety of wild chestnut-tree, the fruit of which resembles Kalimborot, but purges more violently.

Tanggĕu-ĕuk, cowering down on the hams to pass a stool.

Tanggĕuhkĕn, to set up on its end. To elevate against anything perpendicular. Tarajé di tanggĕuhkĕn ka na kalapa, the ladder was set up against a cocoa-nut-tree.

Tangginas, quick, active, smart.

Tanggoli, name of a wood, the bark of which is used for tanning leather.

Tangguh, and Tangguhan, bold and strong. A picked man, stronger or larger than other people.

Tanggul, to put some obstruction in a water-course, so as to raise the surface of the water, and enable it to run out at a higher level.

Tangguli, name of a tree, Cassia Fistula.

Tanggulung, name of a wood with close fine grain and of reddish colour, fit for turnery or mill-work. Found in lowlands.

Tanggung, to carry by means of a stick laid a cross the shoulder, with the weight attached to each end. To be security for another person. Literally to take him on your shoulders. To bear, to support.

Tanggungan, what is carried on the shoulder. Burthen. Weight carried. Undertaking, engagement. Bail. Security.

Tangguwuk, squatting on the hams to ease oneself. Squatting down and frequently having occasion to pass a stool.


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 how to wear them, cheap even though not durable (they cost only four cents Mexican the pair), and a great safeguard against slipping, they seemed as satisfactory footwear as the ordinary shoes of the better-class Chinese seemed unsatisfactory. Throughout the East it is only the barefooted peasant or the sandalled mountaineer who does not seem encumbered by his feet. The felt shoe of the Chinese gentleman and the flapping, heelless slipper of the Indian are alike uncomfortable and hampering. Nor have Asiatics learned as yet to wear proper European shoes, or to wear them properly, for they stub along in badly cut, ill-fitting things too short for their feet. Why does not the shoemaker of the West, if he wishes to secure an Eastern market, study the foot of the native, and make him shoes suited to his need?

Our order of march through Yunnan varied little from day to day. We all had breakfast before starting at about seven, and we all had much the same thing, tea and rice, but mine came from the coast; the coolies bought theirs by the way. At intervals during the forenoon we stopped at one of the many tea-houses along the road to give the men a chance to rest and smoke and drink tea. Sometimes I stayed in my chair by the roadside; more often I escaped from the noise and dirt of the village to some spot outside, among the rice- and bean-fields, where the pony could gather a few scant mouthfuls of grass while I sat hard-by on

title: Page:A Wayfarer in China.djvu/76


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harcourt, William (1743-1830)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harcourt, William Vernon


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardcastle, Thomas


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardeby, Geoffrey


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardecanute


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardham, John


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardiman, James


text:
Page:A dictionary of the Sunda language of Java.djvu/502

Rh Tang'hi, to get up, to start up. A refined expression.

Tang'iri, mackerel fish; caught in the sea, and being salted is much carried inland. Cigbium Konam.

Tangkal, a tree, the thick boll of a tree. Figuratively, capital, original investment, and continuing the figure of speech, interest is called Bung'a, which see. Tangkal jati, a teak-tree. Tangkal kalapa, a cocoa-nut-tree. It also means the place of production; the place where any goods are to be had at first hand. In Malay occurs Pangkal,, page 224, the lower butt-end, the stock. The beginning.

Tangkalak, the tallow-tree, Litscea Sebifera. Tangkap, to catch, to arrest, to detain, to lay hold of. Jélěma na gěus di tangkap, the man has been arrested. Lamun maling mohal to di tangkap, if you steal it is pretty certain that you will be caught.

Tangkar, the ribs, especially the ribs of an animal slaughtered for eating.

Tangkarakkĕn, to lay, or put down anything on its back with legs and belly up.

Tangkélé, name of a tree which has often mottled wood, black and white, much sought after for kris-sheaths, etc. Kleinhovia Hospita.

Tangkěup, to catch, to lay hold of, to arrest. To embrace. Sa tangkěup, an embrace; as much as can be held, between both arms. An armfull, Tangkal na gědé amat, dua dua tangkěup, the trees are very large, as much as two men can clasp round.

Tangkil, name of a tree. Gnetum Gnemon.

Tangkuban, turned or inverted over something else. Incumbent.

Tangkuban Prahu, the inverted boat, name of a volcanic mountain near Bandong on the border of Krawang. It is 6236 Rhineland feet high, and contains a double crater at the top. It has obtained its name from its resemblance to a boat turned bottom up, as seen from positions in the Preanger Regencies. There is an old legend which says that it is the remainder of a boat which was being constructed to sail about an immense lake which occupied the present plain of Bandong, formed by damming up the Chitarum at the Sengyang Tikoro. The tree to make this boat was felled on Bukit Tunggul, or stump hill, and the branches are represented by Gunung Burangrang, lying at either extremity of the Tangkuban Prahu. The dam in the Chitarum and the boat to sail on the lake were to be all completed in one night and ready before day-break. This feat was about to be accomplished, and great results obtained, when the disconcerted adversary fell upon the following device. On the water of the lake which was rising behind the dam of the Sengyang Tikoro, he strewed the shining white leaves of the Wurungan and at same time causing the women to beat the riceblocks, induced the belief that day had dawned, when the dam was abandoned in dispair, just before it was completed, and the Chitarum soon afterwards burst itself a way again into the Lowlands. The saga of the land points out the rude features of the country in confirmation of this story. The work was abandoned in dispair, but the rude remnants still remain to attest to the mountaineer the truth of the origin of the tale.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hardime, Simon


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Harding (d.1134)