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Rh and had he not sped instantly into a Church which doth there serve as sanctuary for poor unfortunate folk, he had been straightway put to death. The end was he had to fly in disguise, and leave Spain altogether; and was kept in banishment all his life long and confined in the most wretched islet of all Italy, Lipari to wit.

Court jesters even, which have usually full license of free speech, an if they do assail the ladies, do get somewhat to remember. It did so fall out one time to a Fool called Legat, whom I once knew myself. Queen Elizabeth of France once in conversation speaking of the houses at Madrid and Valladolid, how charming and agreeable these were, did declare she wished with all her heart the two places were so near she could e'en touch one with one foot and the other with the other, spreading her legs very wide open as she said the words. The Fool, who heard the remark, cried, "And I should dearly wish to be in betwixt, con un carrajo de borrico, para encarguar y plantar la raya,"—that is, "with a fool's cudgel to mark and fix the boundary withal." For this he was soundly whipped in the kitchens. Yet was he well justified in forming such a wish; for truly was she one of the fairest, most agreeable and honourable ladies was ever in all Spain, and well deserving to be desired in this fashion,—only of folk more honourable than he an hundred thousand times.

I ween these fine slanderers and traducers of ladies would dearly love to have and enjoy the same privilege and license the vintagers do possess in the country parts of Naples at vintage time. These be allowed, so long as the vintage dureth, to shout forth any sort of vile word and insult and ribaldry to all that pass that way, coming


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50 LINES WRITTEN ON A BLANK LEAF OF THE PLEASURES OF MEMORY.

Variants Notes

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Rh and going on the roads. Thus will you see them crying and screaming after all wayfarers and vilifying the same, without sparing any, whether great, middling or humble folk, of what estate soever they be. Nor do they spare,—and this is the merry part on't,—the ladies one whit neither, high-born dames or Princesses or any. Indeed in my day I did there hear of not a few fine ladies, and see them too, which would make a pretext to hie them to the fields on purpose, so as they might pass along the roads, and so hearken to this pretty talk and hear a thousand naughty conceits and lusty words. These the peasants would invent and roll off in plenty, casting up at the great ladies their naughtiness and the shameful ways they did use toward their husbands and lovers, going so far as to chide them for their shameful loves and intimacies with their own coachmen, pages, lackeys and apparitors, which were of their train. Going yet further, they would ask them right out for the courtesy of their company, saying they would assault them roundly and satisfy them better than all the others could. All this they would let out in words of a fine, natural frankness and bluntness, without any sort of glossing or disguising. The ladies had their good laugh and pastime out of the thing, and there an end, making their servants which were with them answer back in the like strain and give as good as they got. The vintage once done and over, there is truce of suchlike language till another year, else would they be brought to book and sore punished.

I am told the said custom doth still endure, and that many folk in France would fain have it observed there also at some season of the year or other, to enjoy in


text: The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/The Chain I gave was Fair to view


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lomza

LOMZA, lōm'zhạ, Poland, town on the Narew, 100 miles northeast of Warsaw. It contains an ancient church, a theatre, gymnasium and government buildings. It formerly had a large trade with Prussia and Lithuania; was well fortified; had two citadels, but was several times taken by Germans, Tartars and Cossacks. It fell to Prussia in 1795, but in 1807 came under the rule of Russia. In the Great War of 1914 a battle was fought here between the Germans and Russians, in which the latter were defeated and forced to fall back. In 1918 it became part of the newly erected Polish state. Pop. 28,000, mostly Poles and Jews.

title: The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lomza


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Rh security the pleasure of their evil speaking, which they do love so well.

Well! to make an end of the subject, 'tis very meet all ladies be respected of all men, and the secret of their loves and favours duly kept. This is why Pietro Aretino said, that when lovers were come to it, the kisses that man and maid did give each other were not so much for their mutual delight as for to join connection of the mouths together and so make signal betwixt them that they do keep hid the secret of their merry doings. Nay, more! that some lustful and lascivious husbands do in their wantonness show them so free and extravagant in words, as that not content with committing sundry naughty profligacies with their wives, they do declare and publish the same to their boon-companions, and make fine tales out of them. So much so that I have myself known wives which did conceive a mortal repugnance to their husbands for this cause and would even very often refuse them the pleasures they had erst afforded them. They would not have such scandalous things said of them, albeit 'twas but betwixt husband and wife.

M. du Bellay, the poet, in his book of Latin epitaphs called Les Tombeaux, which he hath composed, and very fine it is, hath writ one on a dog, that methinks is well worth quoting here, for 'tis writ much in our own manner. It runneth thus:

Latratu fures excepi, mutus amentes. Sic placui domino, sic placui dominæ.

(By my barking I did drive away thieves, with a quiet tongue I did greet lovers. Thus I did please my master, and thus my mistress.)


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The Works of Lord Byron (ed. Coleridge, Prothero)/Poetry/Volume 3/Lines written on a Blank Leaf of The Pleasures of Memory

Variants Notes


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Rh Well! if we are so to love animals for discreetness, how much more must we not value men for holding silence? And if we are to take advice on this matter of a courtesan which was one of the most celebrated of former days, and a past mistress in her art, to wit Lamia, here it is. Asked wherein a woman did find most satisfaction in her lover, she replied 'twas when he was discreet in talk and secret as to what he did. Above all else she said she did hate a boaster, one that was forever boasting of what he did not do, yet failing to accomplish what he promised,—two faults, each as bad as the other. She was used to say further: that a woman, albeit ready enough to be indiscreet, would never willingly be called harlot, nor published abroad for such. Moreover she said how that she did never make merry at a man's expense, nor any man at hers, nor did any ever miscall her. A fair dame of this sort, so experienced in love's mysteries, may well give lessons to other women.

Well, well! enough said on these points. Another man, more eloquent than I, might have embellished and ennobled the subject better far. To such I do pass on hereby mine arms and pen.


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/London, Jack

LONDON, Jack, American author: b. San Francisco, 12 Jan. 1876; d. Glen Ellen, Cal., 22 Nov. 1916. He was the son of John London, a frontiersman, scout and trapper, who had come to San Francisco in 1873. His early life was spent on California ranches up to the age

of nine years, when the family removed to Oakland, Cal. From his ninth year, with the exception of intermittent periods at school, his life was one of toil, which has been vividly presented to the readers of his work, for practically all of his novels and short stories have a background taken from his own life.

His experiences in youth as an oysterman and bayman, his long voyage on a sealing schooner along the coast north of the Russian side of the Behring Sea, his many short voyages, his year of following the life of a tramp bent on acquiring experience and investigating social and economic conditions, have all been brilliantly built into his many works of fiction. At 19 years London entered the University of California, but half way through his freshman year he had to quit for lack of money or means to support himself. He went to work in a laundry, writing in all his spare time. London gave up work in the laundry to go to the Klondike during the gold rush there in 1897. He was one of the few who made it in the winter of that year over Chilcoot Pass. After a year of unsuccessful gold seeking he fell a victim of the scurvy. Unable to get a home-bound steamer, he and two camp mates embarked in an open boat for the Behring Sea. It was immediately upon his return to San Francisco that he began to turn out literature. More than once in his books London insisted that he gained his literary equipment through his hard life. His Alaskan experiences were reflected in his earlier works. He leaped into fame as one of the foremost young American authors with ‘The Call of the Wild’ (1903). In 1904 and 1905, after the series of Alaskan stories had given him great fame and founded the school of writers who for some years after placed their stories in an Arctic setting, London went to Korea as a war correspondent. After his return he settled down to produce fiction in amazing volume, interrupting this only for a number of picturesque cruises. In recent years he and Mrs. London had lived a large part of the time at Hawaii. London was the author of the following: ‘The Son of the Wolf’ (1900); ‘The God of His Fathers’ (1901); ‘A Daughter of the Snows’ (1902); ‘The Children of the Frost’ (1902); ‘The Cruise of the Dazzler’ (1902); ‘The Faith of Men’ (1904); ‘The Sea Wolf’ (1904); ‘The Game’ (1905); ‘War of the Classes’ (1905); ‘Tales of the Fish Patrol’ (1905); ‘Moon Face’ (1907); ‘White Fang’ (1907); ‘Love of Life’ (1907); ‘Before Adam’ (1907); ‘Lost Face’ (1909); ‘Martin Eden’ (1909); ‘The Iron Heel’ (1908); ‘The Road’ (1908); ‘Revolution’ (1910); ‘Burning Daylight’ (1910); ‘Theft’ (1907); ‘When God Laughs’ (1910); ‘Adventure’ (1911); ‘The Cruise of the Snark’ (1911); ‘Smoke Bellew’ (1912); ‘Night-Born’ (1912); ‘The Abysmal Brute’ (1913); ‘The Valley of the Moon’ (1913); ‘Mutiny of the Elsinore’ (1914); ‘The People of the Abyss’ (1903), his adventures in the East End of London; ‘The Kempton-Wace Letters’ (1903) and ‘John Barleycorn, or Alcoholic Memoirs’ (1913); ‘The Strength of the Strong’ (1914); ‘The Scarlet Plague’ (1915); ‘The Star Rover’ (1915); ‘The Little Lady of the Big House’ (1916); ‘Jerry’ (1916); ‘The Turtles of Tasmar’ (1916).


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The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/London, Meyer

LONDON, Meyer, American lawyer and Socialist: b. Russia, 29 Dec. 1871. His early years were spent in southern Russia but in his 20th year desiring to obtain a higher education, then impossible in Russia for a man of Jewish race, and being under the surveillance of the secret police because of his known sympathy with the radical elements in Russia, he emigrated to the United States. He earned a precarious livelihood in New York as printer and cigarmaker for several years. At length he was engaged by the Educational Alliance and there was afforded his long-sought opportunity of educational advancement. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1898. Establishing his practice in New York's great East Side Mr. London soon became prominent as counsel for labor unions, many of which he organized and helped to build up. In 1910 he helped in the settlement of the cloakmakers' strike in New York by means of the industrial protocol. Two years later he was equally successful in bringing about a settlement between the garment workers and their employers. Meanwhile, Mr. London was very active on the East Side as a community worker and had become a prominent member of the Socialist party. He attended several of the national conventions of that party and in 1914 was appointed delegate to the International Socialist Congress at Vienna, which, however, was not held because of the outbreak of war that year. In November 1914, Mr. London was elected member of the 64th Congress from the 12th New York District, being the first member of his party in the East and the second in the country to be so honored. He was re-elected to the 65th Congress in 1916. Considerable criticism was directed toward his attitude to the many measures introduced in the House after the entry of the United States into the Great War. He voted against the declaration of war and against the selective-service act and many other measures for the active participation of the country in the war. In November 1918 Mr. London was for the third time the Socialist candidate for Congress from the 12th District, but his defeat was brought about by a coalition of the Democrats and Republicans, who placed a fusion candidate in the field against him, and by a united vote were enabled to overcome the strong Socialist vote in the district.


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36 back-lock feature. Considering that they are capable of attaining a speed of about 15 miles per hour on the level, and often run faster than this, owing to favorable grades, it will readily be seen, as is proven by their records, that they are vehicles too dangerous to be operated in crowded city streets. The average modern two passenger vehicle weighs about 1,000 pounds, and has a larger radius of action than these cabs; it has a longer wheel base, a lower centre of gravity and improved means of control, all of which make it a much safer vehicle. For a three passenger car there is no reason why the weight should exceed 1,500 or at most 2,000 pounds. and even if the present cab construction were to be retained the greater part of this weight should be brought much nearer the ground than it is in the present cabs, by suitable modiﬁcations in design, particularly lengthening of the wheel base. In view of the above noted facts and of the record of the cabs, it would seem to be time that some measures were taken to force these antiquated vehicles off the streets.

In his inaugural address delivered in Hartford last week, Governor Roberts, of Connecticut, referred to the speed excesses of automobile tourists in that State, and recommended a revision of the present State automobile law, particularly with reference to an increased severity in the penalties for violations. He said that he had been informed that automobilists from other States (by which he undoubtedly referred to New Yorkers) regarded pursuit by officers of the law as part of the fun of a tour through the State, and that when caught and ﬁned they would boast of the matter. He recommended jail penalties for the more exasperating cases instead of the present small ﬁnes, which are no deterrent for wealthy automobilists. This, we believe, is the ﬁrst time the speeding evil has been referred to at an important political function. That there is some justification for the Governor's remarks cannot be denied. as all the law defying New York-Boston record runs, for instance. have led through the State of Connecticut, and many fast touring cars are driven from New York up through that State to the Berkshires and Eastern Massachusetts every summer, frequently, no doubt, at unreasonable speeds. If the Governor's remarks should lead to the adoption of some measure calculated to check reckless driving, it would be hailed with satisfaction by the great body of automobilists. A revision of the present Connecticut State law would be generally welcomed, for, aside from having failed to prevent speeding. it has been an irksome restriction on law abiding automobilists. While the limit of 12 miles per hour in built up sections is quite liberal, the 15 mile limit for the open country is altogether too low, and if a new law be adopted the speed limit should be placed at 20 or 25 miles per hour. Automobile laws are bound to prove failures if they do not permit the reasonable and proper use of the machine.

One serious objection to the present arrangement of the controlling devices on practically all touring cars is that the entrance to the driver's seat is entirely obstructed by the brake and change gear levers, and that both occupants of the front seat are therefore forced to enter and alight at the left hand side. Since under ordinary conditions. and in accordance with road rules, a vehicle is always drawn up with its right side to a curb, the occupants of the front seat must walk around the vehicle, perhaps through mud, every time they enter or leave. The disadvantage of this arrangement is obvious, and it seems certain that something more practical will be found in the future. In some cars this objection is overcome by mounting the change gear lever on the steering column. and placing the brake lever comparatively far back, at the side of the seat. Another possible solution of the problem would be to make the left hand seat the driver's seat, and arrange the levers in the middle of the car, though in this case the driver would still have to enter and leave at the off side. The left hand control, properly speaking, does not seem to “catch on,” in spite of the determined efforts of some manufacturers to popularize it, but the arrangement referred to would really be a right hand control. The present arrangement of the controlling devices, when the steering column has the proper tilt and height, and the levers are at a suitable distance from the seat, seems to be an ideal one so far as convenience of operation is concerned, but it should be quite possible to ﬁnd an equally convenient arrangement that is also free from the objection of obstructing the most convenient entrance to the front seat.

In the present issue we print again a catalogue of vehicles to be exhibited at the Madison Square Garden Show, a feature that was inaugurated by us last year. The vehicles are arranged in the order of price, which, we believe, is the most practical for the purpose of visiting purchasers and agents. The Show will this year be larger than ever before, and what has been said with regard to former Shows applies therefore even more strongly to this, namely, that the number of exhibited vehicles is so large that the average visitor becomes confused, and when ﬁnishing his visits has no more deﬁnite idea as to what vehicle is best suited to his needs than when he ﬁrst arrived. It is therefore desirable for the visitor to know beforehand just what vehicles may suit his requirements, so that he may conﬁne his attention to them, and not waste his time in searching over the whole Show. With the majority of purchasers the leading factor determining whether a car comes within the range of their possible choice is the price, and we have therefore arranged the vehicles in that order; but some purchasers, especially experienced ones, have very determined notions regarding the practicability of certain mechanical features, and might not want to consider certain vehicles that do not suit their fancy with respect to mechanical design, even though right in price. We therefore give a brief specification of each vehicle, which will enable a visitor to select the vehicles that come nearest to meeting his requirements in many important particulars. We believe a visit to the Show can be made most proﬁtable in this manner; that is, by selecting beforehand a limited number of apparently suitable vehicles and thoroughly investigating these as to workmanship, design of details, mechanical ﬁnish, comfort, etc. The visitor will then carry away with him a pretty deﬁnite idea of the merits of the different cars, which will greatly aid him in his ﬁnal selection. While we have made every effort to make the catalogue complete, it may be that there will be shown a few vehicles not listed therein, or some of the vehicles listed may not appear, as exhibitors sometimes change their plans at the last moment. All exhibitors mentioned in the first published list were asked for information, and the replied received from all, except a few who had decided not to exhibit, have been incorporated in the catalogue.

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Rh

length winter went stealing off to the northward, like a weary monster, leaving its long tram of dirty white snow patches along the hedges, and its neutral tinted ice pitted all over with small holes, upon the pools. The spring followed closely on its heels, and had work enough to make the earth look green again, and deck it out in all its finery for a little time, until the monster came creeping southward again with its wreaths of new-fallen snow, and its dark-blue ice shining like polished steel.

It was the 14th of May, and Uncle Richard was riding on Don Juan along the road from Bratvold. To-morrow was the great day at Sandsgaard. The ship was to be launched in the morning, and in the evening was to be given the yearly ball.

The old gentleman was deep in thought, and Don Juan went pacing slowly along, turning his well-shaped head on every side, while the south wind that came swelling up along the coast persisted in lifting the locks of his long mane and throwing them on the

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Rh wrong side, and played with the forelock on his brow.

The road led over swelling ground covered with heather, past well-stocked farms, over moors, and desolate wastes thickly strewn with boulders. Not a tree was to be seen as far as the eye could reach, and it reached far, both out to sea and over the country, which sloped gradually up to the mountains many a mile inland.

What a wealth of life seemed bursting from the thawing earth! How many balmy odours seemed to rise; how many changing colours; how many wreaths of mist were gliding over the pools, and hanging in the rushes, or spreading themselves over the moorland; while the clear sunny air was ringing with the song of larks singing in emulation! There were the plovers racing after each other, the sandpipers, the snipes, starlings, and ducks. A whole life of joyous bustle; while out to the westward could be seen the line of bright yellow sand standing out against the dark-blue sea.

Uncle Richard saw but little of all this as he went along. Things had not gone well with him during the winter. While at home, Madeleine was constantly in his thoughts; and when he went to Sandsgaard and saw her, it did not tend to make him more cheerful.

She had told him about Pastor Martens's proposal to her; but there was nothing to worry over in that, thought the attaché, especially as she had refused the offer. There must be some other cause for her

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 Telephone: 6203 Cortlandt

Cable: “Horseless,”

New York and London.

Western Union Code.

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Manager

, $2.00 a year, in advance. For all foreign countries included in the Postal Union $4.00. Single copies, 10 cents.

—The editor will be pleased to receive communications on trade topics from any authentic source. The correspondent's name should in all cases be given as an evidence of good faith, but will not be published if specially requested.

One week's notice required for change of advertisements.

Address all communications and make all checks, drafts and money orders payable to The Horseless Age, 9-15 Murray street, New York.

Entered at the New York post office as second-class matter.

Compulsory Lights for All Vehicles.

A movement is now on foot in various sections of the country, particularly in Massachusetts, to have more stringent legislation enacted with regard to the compulsory carrying of lights on all road vehicles at night. A number of collisions have recently occurred at night between automobiles and unlighted horse vehicles. and also a number of cases where automobilists were forced to steer into the ditch or assume other risks in order to avoid collision with an unlighted cart or truck suddenly looming up out of the dark. The same question is being agitated in England, owing chiefly to the recent rather serious accident to a member of the royal family while traveling in his car in the vicinity of Edinburgh. It appears that there is a law on the statute books of most States requiring road vehicles to carry lights after dark; but the enforcement of these laws is very lax, and they are often disregarded. In order to remedy the present evil it would be well to have these laws revised, ﬁxing, perhaps, more severe penalties for violations, and above all to urge a strict enforcement. A universal vehicle light law of this nature, strictly enforced, would be even more of a blessing to horse drivers than to automobilists, because the latter almost invariably carry powerful lights when driving at night and usually spy an unlighted horse vehicle soon enough to avoid it, so that collisions between horse vehicles and autos at night are comparatively rare. There must be many more such collisions between horse vehicles, but these, of course, do not receive the attention in the press that a collision of a horse vehicle and an automobile would, and one does not hear so much about them. This also disposes of the argument that if automobilists carry sufficiently strong lights and keep close watch of the road ahead they will always notice an approaching vehicle in time. In order to insure the greatest degree of safety to road traffic in general, all vehicles should be compelled to carry lights, as in marine practice. It is therefore to be hoped that the efforts now being made in Massachusetts to have a general vehicle lighting law passed may prove successful, and that automobilists in other States may follow suit and urge the passage of similar laws.

The Dangerous Electric Cabs.

The electric cabs operated in New York city have lately been forcibly brought to public notice through a series of accidents in which they have ﬁgured, accidents sometimes of a serious nature. Within the past few months at least two pedestrians have been knocked down and killed by them, and on one occasion two cabs came together in a head-on collision, which resulted in the serious injury of the occupant and operator of one. At the time these cabs were new they may have represented advanced ideas in methods of transportation, in spite of their great weight and bulk, and their general clumsiness, but that was some years ago, when motor vehicle design was still in a relatively undeveloped state. Today conditions are changed, and the cabs have become a relic of an earlier period of automobile development, and appear freakish in comparison with the many examples of modern construction to be seen on the streets. The great objection to them, however, resides in the fact that they are dangerous. These cabs have a seating capacity of only two passengers, in addition to the operator, and weigh, empty, 2½ tons; they have a 5 foot wheel base and a very high centre of gravity, and most of them are equipped with lever steering without the

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196, and to-day he had made up his mind to talk to Christian Frederick, who always gave such good advice. He had also determined that he would at length take courage, and ask his brother how money matters stood between them. It was really too bad not to have a clear knowledge of one's own affairs.

At Sandsgaard he found the whole house in an uproar. On the second floor the furniture was being moved, dusting was going on, and candles were being put in the chandeliers. Downstairs the table was already laid for supper; only the old gentlemen's bedrooms and the offices were respected; and in the window of the still-room he noticed jellies and blanc-manges, which had been put there to cool.

"Oh dear me! what a bustle it all is!" said Mrs. Garman, faintly.

She had had her armchair moved into a room at the side of the kitchen, where the dishing-up was done.

Here she remained the whole day, and had samples of everything that was cooked in the kitchen brought to her. The kitchen-maids were as nervous as if they had been undergoing an examination.

Miss Cordsen was everywhere, prim and noiseless as usual, and without wasting a word, she gave an eye to the vast amount of knives and forks, lights and silver, glass and china. Everything was arranged in her experienced head, from the ladies' cloak-room to the supper for the musicians.

But if there was a busy stir in the house, it was even greater down at the ship-yard. Tom Robson had kept his promise, and the ship stood trim and ready,

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Rh "as a bride," as he put it. And now the whole staff of workmen were occupied in getting everything in order for the morrow, and clearing out the yard, so that it might look tidy and neat when all the visitors came to see the ship "go."

"What time will it be high water, Mr. Robson?" asked the young Consul, as he and Uncle Richard were making an inspection of the ship-yard in the afternoon.

"At half-past ten, sir," answered the foreman.

"Very well, then, let me see that you have everything ready to-morrow at half-past ten, on the stroke, you understand—at half-past ten on the stroke."

"All right, sir!" said Mr. Robson, touching his cap.

But Tom Robson was not going to leave anything till the morning. That evening he had every intention of making a night of it, and Martin had already got the money to make some extensive purchases. There would be time enough to sleep it off before half-past ten. He was careful to have everything ready that evening. The ways were carefully smeared with tallow and soft soap, and put in their places; the props were all ready to be removed; and everything that might get in the way in the harbour, was hauled out of the way and secured to its moorings.

The ship lay with her stern towards the water, and her stem slightly raised above it. Under her bows lay all the material for use the next day. The spare pieces of timber that were to be put under her, and the wedges which were to be driven in to raise her forward, were ready to hand, as were the jacks and levers.

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198 Everything, in fact, down to the long-handled mauls was in its place.

Gabriel followed at Tom's heels all day. He wanted to take in everything clearly, and succeeded fully in so doing. Only one thing, the ship's name, that he was so anxious to know, still remained a secret, which Tom would not betray. And Tom himself it was who, in accordance with the Consul's orders, had spiked on the name-board when it was nearly dark.

The company at Anders Begmand's had been busy that evening, especially Tom Robson, and by the time it was about ten o'clock he was pretty well tipsy. Woodlouse was no better; but Torpander kept as sober as usual, looking towards the door every time he heard a noise. With the darkness a fresh breeze began to blow up from the south-west, which swept over the open ground above Sandsgaard and down on to the fjord. It made the old cottage shake again when the wind came back in eddies from the hill behind it, and Torpander got up every moment, thinking that the door was opening, to the endless amusement of Mr. Robson.

Martin drank in silence, and looked even more gloomy than usual. The whole winter he had been out of work. Tom Robson had lent him money, and that made him even more morose, for he was proud after his own fashion, and gratitude was not in his nature.

At last Marianne came. Torpander greeted her in his usual respectful manner, to which she answered with a faint smile. She looked almost ready to fall from weariness, as she passed hurriedly through the

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Rh room. "Hulloa!" cried Tom, who only saw her when she had reached the kitchen door, "here comes my sweetheart! Marianne, my darling! the ship is ready now, and Tom Robson has got some money. Let's have the wedding; to-night, if you like! Come along!" cried he, struggling to get over the bench.

Martin thrust him back. "Will you let my sister alone?"

"I suppose she is not good enough for an honest seaman, because of that infernal young Gar"

He did not get any farther, for Martin aimed a blow at him and struck him behind the ear. Marianne hastily left the room. Torpander now threw himself courageously on his ancient enemy from the other side, and a frightful scuffle ensued.

Tom Robson put himself in position like an English boxer, drunk as he was, and squared his arms and elbows for the fray.

At first he made a few feints at Martin, which were not meant to be serious. But when he had received a few blows which were really painful, he sprang away from the table so as to get more room. Torpander had not the least idea of using his fists, but hammered away like a blacksmith with his long skinny arms, either at Tom or else in the air, just as it might happen. Mr. Robson gave him a tap every now and then which made his bones rattle again, but on the whole he allowed the Swede to hammer away at his back as much as he liked.

Woodlouse looked on for some time with the greatest satisfaction, until the idea struck him that

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200 he would clear the room. He accomplished his object with the greatest perseverance, and what with butting with his head and pushing his heavy body between the combatants, he at length managed to get the whole lot turned out of doors. Begmand threw their hats after them, and shut the door.

The fresh wind had a cooling effect on them all, and on Woodlouse's suggestion a truce was concluded. In order to ratify this, it was arranged that they should go to Tom Robson's house, and have another dram and a bit of English cheese.

They then clambered up the steep path at the back of Begmand's house, Tom Robson leading, and as he was helping himself with his hands up the steepest places, he chanced to get hold of a loose stone, which, in pure drunken wantonness, he threw at Marianne's window, where he happened to see a light. The stone struck with such force, just where the bars of the window-frame crossed, that all the four panes were smashed, and the glass came clattering down.

"That was Tom Robson!" yelled Martin, who was the last. "Let me get up to him! Out of the way! Only let me get my hands on him!" and he worked his way past the others, and got up to Tom, just as he had reached the top of the slope where the flat meadow began.

Martin went at him with such violence that the other had not time to put himself in position. Blow after blow rained down on him, until he fell to the ground half stupefied. Martin threw himself upon him, put his knees on his breast, and struck him in

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Rh the face, and then continued hitting and kicking at random until he could do so no longer.

The others now came up, but did not get between the combatants. Martin was now perfectly wild, and went on in front, swinging his arms, cursing and swearing horribly. Tom Robson came limping behind; but no sooner did Martin catch sight of him, than he threw himself upon him a second time, until he again lay apparently dead upon the meadow. They thus continued their way over the field, but just as Martin was making a third attack upon Tom, a tall, slender boy came springing over the field, and put himself in front of Martin. It was Gabriel Garman.

"Will you leave him alone, Martin?" he cried, breathless from running.

"Oh!" cried Martin, "here is one of the blood suckers! You have just come at the right time. I will wreak my vengeance on you, you infernal young scoundrel!"

But just as he was on the point of attacking Gabriel his arms were seized from behind.

"Are you mad, Martin? It's Gabriel, the Consul's son. You are out of your senses, lad!" cried Woodlouse. Both he and the Swede threw themselves upon Martin, and held him fast. Martin yelled and struggled, until he at length fell back, wearied with his efforts, and lay still.

Tom Robson did not know much about what was going on, but managed, however, to stumble up to his house, which was close by.

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202 "You have no occasion to be afraid, Mr. Gabriel," said Woodlouse, in a fawning tone; "we have got him tight."

"That is what you ought to have done before," answered Gabriel. "I should have been able to look after myself."

He was so slight and slender that Martin could have crushed him, mad as he was; but Woodlouse could not help saying, as he went down the slope, "There is good blood in them."

Martin, whom they had now let go, raised his head. "Blood, do you say? Yes, there's blood in them—the blood of the poor that they have sucked from father to son. And all that blood have they turned to gold—shining, blood-red gold; but," added he, mysteriously, "I will tap the gold out of them—I will—till it shines as red as blood all over Sandsgaard! Just wait a minute!" And off he rushed down the slope with the activity of a deer. Woodlouse and the Swede looked at each other meaningly, and each went his way without saying a word.

After the window had been broken, Marianne quickly put out the light. She took her petticoat, and tried to stop up the window, but the wind was blowing so hard that she could not manage to make it tight. She shivered with the cold as she stood, and hurriedly got into bed. But every time a blast came she felt the cold draught, and could not get warm.

In the room below she heard her grandfather stumbling about, drinking up what was left in the

title: Page:Garman and Worse.djvu/204


text: The Horseless Age

title: The Horseless Age


text:
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Rh glasses. Marianne clasped her hands, and prayed that she might die; but in the night she got up, and felt herself throbbing with heat and shivering with fever. She thought she could hear a tumult, and the sound of many voices.

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text: The Horseless Age/Volume 15

title: The Horseless Age/Volume 15


text: The Horseless Age/Volume 15/Number 2

title: The Horseless Age/Volume 15/Number 2


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204

had already gone to bed after her long and tiring day. Madeleine had also slipped out of the way, as she always tried to do when Fanny came. Both Fanny and Morten were at Sandsgaard that evening. The latter behaved to Madeleine just as before, and was so smiling and kind that Madeleine had often to ask herself if she had not, after all, been dreaming on that moonlight evening.

It was nearly eleven o'clock, and Gabriel had just returned from his expedition to the field above the West End. He had heard a noise up there when he had gone out to see how the wind was.

The Consul and Uncle Richard were playing chess. Morten, Fanny, and Rachel were talking of to-morrow's ball, and they every now and then addressed themselves to Miss Cordsen, who was sitting by the fire side polishing the silver.

"It is a south wind, is it not, Gabriel?" said the Consul, as he listened to the sough of the wind through the trees.

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Rh "South-west, and blowing fresh, father," answered Gabriel.

"Good!" said the Consul. "It won't do us any harm if only the wind doesn't get round to the north-ward, because that drives the sea right in on to the yard."

The ladies were getting up to say good night, and Morten was just going to brew himself another glass of toddy, when excited voices were heard below. Some one came hurriedly up the staircase, the door opened, and in rushed Anders Begmand. His face was as white as it could be for sweat and pitch, his stiff hair was standing on end, while, hat in hand and with his eyes fixed on the young Consul, he began—"The—the—the"—quicker and quicker. It was quite plain that it was something of great importance, and his face grew as red as fire with the effort. "The—the—the"

"Sing, will you?" shouted the young Consul, stamping on the floor.

Begmand began singing to a merry little air, "A fire's broken out in the pitch-house!"

At the same moment some one in the yard below shouted at the top of his voice, "Fire! fire!"

Morten tore aside the blind, and the red glare could be seen on the dewy panes. Every one sprang to the window.

"Silence!" cried the young Consul, while every one paused and looked at him. The little man was standing as erect as an arrow, his eyes calm and clear, and his lower jaw projecting as usual; and as if

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206 conscious that he was the chief of the house, he said, "A fire has broken out in the building-yard. You, Morten, go and get the two engines from the warehouse. The keys are hanging in the men's bedroom. Take the fire-buckets with you."

Morten dashed off.

"Dick, you must go up to the second floor in the same building. There's a large sail there; put it in the sea, and stretch it over the roof of the storehouse. You understand? The storehouse must be saved, or else"

Uncle Richard was already out of the door with Anders Begmand.

"Gabriel! you run up to the farm! Gabriel!" cried the Consul. But there was no Gabriel to be seen; he had already vanished through another door.

"Oh! what a wretched boy it is!" said the young Consul, in spite of himself.

There was something uncanny about the black smoke, and the dark red flame, which seemed every moment to get a surer foothold, and to gather strength without a soul to oppose them. Gabriel noticed nothing: he saw only the red glare on the ship, which loomed against the dark grey sky, and off he ran like a madman over the field above the house. When he saw the ship was in danger, Tom Robson was his first and only thought, and he went straight into the house where he was so well known.

"Mr. Robson! Tom! Tom!" he shouted into the dark room, which smelt like an old rum-cask. "She's on fire, Tom! The ship's on fire!"

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Rh He groped his way to the bed, and gave Mr. Robson a good shaking. The landlady, a slatternly sailor's wife, now entered with a light. Only a few minutes before, she had managed to get Tom undressed, somehow or another.

"Oh no! can that be Mr. Gabriel?" said she, drawing her night-dress closer to her. "Is it a fire? Mr. Robson!" she cried, and helped Gabriel to shake him.

"What's the matter?" muttered he in English, turning round his face, all bruised and bloody as he was.

"Oh no, no!" whined the woman, "how beastly drunk he is! Isn't it a shame for such a fine fellow to make himself just like a pig? Tom! Tom! Oh dear me, how tipsy he is!"

Without a moment's hesitation, Gabriel dashed the contents of the basin in his face. Mr. Robson sputtered and blew, and raising himself on his left arm, swung the right feebly over his head, and shouted, "Three cheers for Morten Garman! Hip—hip" But before he got to "Hurrah," he fell back on his side and was snoring again. Gabriel left the room; there was nothing to be done with Tom.

The wind was sweeping down over the meadow, and driving the thick smoke from the pitch-house out over the fjord. All round the house it was as light as day. Long tongues of flame were flying far away over the fields, shedding their glare here and there on the front of a whitewashed house, while up above on the level ground it was still dark, under the shadow of the

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208 vessel. And now a glitter was seen, and a rumble was heard in the direction of the town. The fire brigade was on its way. And from the farmhouses which lay near, down over the fields, but chiefly in the avenue leading from the town, people were to be seen running, first singly, then two or three, then several together, until the crowd in the avenue appeared like a close black mass, dotted here and there with red-and-white specks. When Gabriel got down again to the house he was at his wits' ends, and, leaning against the garden wall, he sobbed aloud.

Some one came skirting along the wall; it was the schoolmaster, Aalbom. He recognized Gabriel, and stopped. "Isn't it what I always said?" cried he, triumphantly. "You are a regular Laban, standing here blubbering. You might at any rate manage to lend a hand with the water, you lout!"

Gabriel sprang up, as if seized with a sudden inspiration, pushed the master aside, and dashed down towards the building-yard.

"An ill-mannered cub," muttered Aalbom, as he continued his way to get a good place from which to see the fire.

Rachel was naturally most anxious to make herself useful, but there was nothing for her to do. She therefore stood on the steps in front of the house, and watched the crowd streaming up from the town, while the fire threw its ever-increasing glare down the high road, which was now thronged with people. Suddenly she heard a voice she recognized. "Out of the way! Let the engines pass! Look out there—the engines!

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Rh Out of the way!" The crowd opened, and out of the throng came two rows of men, dragging the red-painted fire-engine by a long rope. Jacob Worse was running in front, shouting and giving his orders. He gave her a hurried greeting as he passed, and away rumbled the engine towards the ship-yard. It struck Rachel that his face was the only one that showed any feeling of sympathy or sorrow; all the rest appeared indifferent, and some showed, openly enough, that they thought the fire glorious sport. Rachel turned away and went into the house.

All this time the young Consul was standing at the corner window, on the north side of the small sitting-room. The pitch-house was now blazing inside; the flames came bursting out of the door, and followed the line of melted pitch which flowed along the ground. The thick wooden walls were glowing with the heat, and he could see the people shrink back when they got too near them. The wind was blowing so strongly, that it beat down the smoke and shrouded the engines and spectators from his view, but upon the roof of the storehouse he could see Uncle Richard, in company with some other forms, working away with the wet sail. The storehouse was only a few yards distant from the pitch-house, and was thus so close under the stern of the ship that she was as good as lost, if the fire once happened to catch the former building.

The Consul could see that they had got the sail drawn over the roof; but at that instant the tiled roof of the pitch-house fell in, and the flames suddenly

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210 shot high into the air, and were borne by the wind right down on to the storehouse. The attaché, and those that were with him, had to get down from the roof on the other side as best they might.

A step was heard running up the stairs and through the passage.

"Father! father!" It was Morten, who dashed in breathless and dripping. "Father, we must have some powder; the storehouse must be blown up!"

"Nonsense!" answered the Consul, drily. "Why, it is right under the very stern of the ship."

"Well, I don't know." answered Morten, "but something must be done. I don't see much good in those old fire-engines."

The young Consul drew himself up; he seemed to hear an echo of all the disagreements there had been between them. It was the old story, the new against the old, and he answered shortly and coldly—

"I am still the head of the firm. Go back and do your duty, as I directed."

Morten turned and left the room with an air of defiance. The idea of using powder had taken his fancy, although it was not his own. An engineer had been standing behind Morten with his hands in his pockets, after the manner of engineers, and had said, as engineers do say, "If I had my way, I'm blest if I wouldn't do different to this."

"What would you do?" asked Morten.

"Powder!" answered the engineer, curtly, as engineers have a habit of answering.

It was hard for Morten to give up his powder,

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Rh and he muttered many ugly oaths as he went down the staircase.

When the Consul again looked out of the window after Morten had gone, he involuntarily seized the damask curtains tightly in his grasp, for the change which had taken place in these few minutes was only too apparent. The wet sail had already turned black, and in another minute was beginning to shrivel; while the whole of one side of the storehouse burst into a bright yellow flame, which came streaming down over the roof, flashing amid the thick smoke, and long fiery tongues began to lick underneath the vessel.

The Consul knew what there was in the building—tow, paint, oil, tar. The ship was hopelessly lost; the good ship of which he was even more proud than any one suspected.

After the first feeling of despair, he began to calculate in his head. The loss was heavy, very heavy. The business would be crippled for a long time, and the firm would receive an ugly blow.

And yet it was not this which seemed to crush the determined little man, until it almost made his knees quiver. This ship was to him more than a mere sum of money. It was a work he had undertaken in honour of "the old" against "the new;" against the advice of his son, and with his father always in his thoughts, under whose eye he almost seemed to be working. And now all was thus to come to such an untimely end.

The large engine belonging to the town managed to

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212 reach up just so high as to keep the ship's side wet as far as the gold stripe which surrounded her; but in under the stern the water could not get properly to work, and small points of flame soon began to break out, and the Consul could now see that the fire had caught the stern-post.

The side of the ship which was towards the fire became so hot that the steam rose from it every time the thin stream of water swept over it. And now all at once a large part became covered with small sparkling flames, just as if sheets of gold leaf had been thrown against it, which crackled in the wind, and at last got fast hold in the oakum seams between the planking. The hose played upon them and swept them away; in another moment they were there again. They broke out in other places, ever gaining ground, taking fast hold with their thousand tiny feet until they got up to the gold band, and even beyond it; and see! the flames now seemed to take a spring, and seize upon the name-board, and the shining letters stood out amidst the flames. It could be read by all. The Consul saw it. There it stood: Morten W. Garman. It was the old Consul's name—his ship—and now what was its fate?

"Look at the young Consul; how pale he is!" said one of the spectators to his neighbour.

"Where? Where is he? I don't see him."

"He was standing close by the corner window. He looked as pale as death. I wonder if he was insured?"

But the young Consul lay stretched upon the floor,

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Rh and had pulled down the heavy damask curtains with him in his fall.

Miss Cordsen came into the room. When she saw the Consul, she pressed her hand to her heart, but not a sound escaped her lips. For a moment she stood collecting her thoughts, then she knelt down, freed the curtain from his grasp, and lifted him in her long bony arms.

He was not heavy, and she managed to raise herself with her burden. At this moment her glance fell on the mirror opposite. A shudder passed through her, and it was with difficulty she kept herself from falling. A whirlwind of recollections swept through her brain as he lay on her shoulder; and she bore him along, an aged and withered man. But she pressed her lips together, and drawing herself up, she carried him along like a child; and, as all the doors were open, she was able to get as far as the staircase. There she called to one of the maids, who came to her assistance.

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text:
Help:Beginner's guide to validation

After a page, or an entire book, has been proofread, it needs to be double-checked to ensure that it was proofread correctly. This process helps to make sure that our works are as faithful as possible to the originals. This is called "validation".

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id:Bantuan:Pedoman pemula tentang validasi

title: Help:Beginner's guide to validation


text:
Help:Beginner's guide to finishing touches

Once a book has been proofread, validated and transcluded, most of the work has been done. There are just a few finishing touches you need to do before the work is completed.

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id:Bantuan:Pedoman pemula tentang sentuhan akhir


text: A History of Chinese Literature/Book 1/Chapter 3


text: A History of Chinese Literature/Book 1/Chapter 4


text: A History of Chinese Literature/Book 1/Chapter 5


text: A History of Chinese Literature/Book 1/Chapter 6


text: A History of Chinese Literature/Book 4/Chapter 1


text:
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Rh result of history. So he opposes his strategy to the ethics of the democrat.

Fierce moralists allow no extenuation for sin however persistent the temptation, and great undoubtedly must be the reward in heaven for the slum-dweller who 'keeps straight.' But practical reformers give much of their thought to the Housing problem! Of late our political moralists have been very fierce. They preached the narrow way of 'no annexations, no indemnities.' In other words, they refused to reckon with the realities of geography and economics. Had we but faith as a grain of mustard seed in average human nature, could we not remove the mountains!

Practical sense, however, warns us that it would be wise to seize the present opportunity, when for once the democratic nations are efficiently armed, to make the world a safe place for democracies when going about their ordinary business. In other words, we must see to the housing problem of our coming League of Nations. We must reckon presciently with the realities of space and time, and not be content merely to lay down on paper good principles of conduct. The good may not always appear the same even to those who are now Allies, and will pretty


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34 surely appear not good, for a time at least, to our present enemies.

'No annexations, no indemnities' was no doubt a rallying cry not meant by its authors to support existing tyrannies. But it is surely legitimate to remark that there is a wide difference between the attitude of the lawyer with his presumptions unless there be proof to the contrary, and that of the business man untied by formulæ. The one does things, and the other, at best, allows them to be done.

In the past, democracy has looked with suspicion on the activities even of popular governments, and therein has shown a wise self-knowledge. It used to be thought, and sooner or later will be thought again, that the main function of the State in free countries is to prevent tyrannous things from being done whether by offenders at home or invaders from abroad. Average citizenship is not a likely base for daring innovations. Adventurers, sole or corporate, must therefore be left to blaze the way to progress. In military and bureaucratic States it is otherwise; Napoleon could be a pioneer, as might have been Joseph. if his conservative subjects had not successfully revolted against him. In Prussia all progress has been State-


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Rh engineered, but then progress there has meant merely increase of efficiency.

To save democracy, however, in its recent jeopardy we suspended the very safeguards of democracy, and allowed our governments to organise us not merely for defence but for offence. Had the War been short, this would have been a mere parenthesis in history. But it has been long, and social structures have wasted in part, and in part have been diverted to new uses, so that habits and vested interests have dissolved, and all society is as clay in our hands, if only we have the cunning to mould it while it is still yielding. But the art of the clay-moulder, as of the worker in hot metal, lies not merely in knowing what he would make, but also in allowing for the properties of the material in which he is working. He must not only have artistic aims, but also technical knowledge; his human initiative must reckon with reality; he must cultivate his 'ways and means' mind, while he tries to retain his ideals of form.

As the artist endeavours to his dying day to learn ever more about the medium in which he works—and not merely more in a scientific


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/H

Social sciences are the academic disciplines concerned with society and human behavior.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/H


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HA

Statistics is the study of the collection, analysis and presentation of data.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HA


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HB

Economic theory is the study of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HB


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HBA

Demography is the statistical study of living populations.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HBA


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HC

Economic history and conditions covers the study of economies or economic phenomena in the past.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HC


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HD

Industries covers the production of goods and services.

Child portal: Agricultural labour

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HD


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HDA

Land use covers the human use of land, including ownership, reform, management and planning.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HDA


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HDB

Labor covers work and services performed by people. This portal includes the labor market, the supply and demand of labor, industrial relations and social insurance.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HDB


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HE

Transportation and communications covers the use of technology to move goods and people; and the sending and receiving of messages. This portal includes trade routes, traffic engineering, transport systems, freight, communication industries and signalling.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HE


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HF

Commerce is the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business. This portal includes merchants' associations, the balance of trade, commodities, tariffs, marketing, sales and accounting.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HF


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Portal:Social Sciences/HG

Finance is the study of how investors allocate their assets over time under conditions of certainty and uncertainty. This portal includes liquidity, money, banking, credit and insurance.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HG


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Portal:Social Sciences/HJ

Public finance is the study of the role of the government in the economy.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HJ


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HM

Sociology is the study of society and human social activity. This portal covers culture social structure, social organization and social psychology.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HM


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HN

Social history is the history of ordinary people and their strategies of coping with life.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HN


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HNA

Social problems covers controversial issues that relate to people's personal lives and interactions.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HNA


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Portal:Social Sciences/HNB

Social reform covers gradual changes to society or improve certain aspects of society.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HNB


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HQ

The Family covers parenthood, children, sexuality, life, death and lifestyles.

Child portals: Children • Eugenics • LGBT • Sexuality

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HQ


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HQA

Marriage covers weddings, matrimony, adultery, divorce, widows and widowers.

Child portal: Polygamy

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HQA


text: Index:The Life and Times of Selina, Countess of Huntingdon Vol. 2.djvu


text:
Page:Laws of Hammurabi, King of Babylonia.djvu/17

Rh part shall be deemed to be his share, and the owner thereof shall have the cultivated portion.

62. In event the gardener takes the field which has been intrusted to him, if it be a wheat field, and fails to cultivate it, the gardener shall be compelled to pay to the owner such sums of money or such an amount of grain as might have been raised upon the field in accordance with what has been raised upon adjoining fields, and shall moreover place the field in a cultivated condition.

63. If anyone shall redeem waste land and make a cultivated field out of the same and return it to its owner the owner shall measure out for a year 10 "gur" of grain for every 10 "gan" [of land]. [The 10 "gur" of grain for each 10 "gan" of land shall be paid but once in compensation for the services rendered in making the land productive.]

64. Anyone leasing a field for the purposes of cultivation shall, so long as he retains possession thereof, render ⅔ of the profit thereupon to the owner and shall retain ⅓ for himself.

65. In event the lessee does not work the field and the profit thereof decreases he shall give to the owner thereof profit commensurate with the products on neighboring fields.

[There are 5 rows of text missing here which have been chiseled out. The following paragraphs were obtained from copies out of the library of Assurbanipal:]

a. Anyone selling to another a date garden [borrowing money from another and giving therefor a date garden as security] upon condition that the dates grown thereon shall be the consideration [security] for the money paid by the purchaser [lender], the owner of the field shall be entitled to harvest the dates and return to the purchaser [lender] the purchase price [borrowed money] for the same and interest according to the order [covenants] of the contract, and may dispose of the dates as he deems advisable.

b. If anyone leases property from another for the term of a year, paying therefor [in advance] and the lessee shall be ejected by the owner, he, the lessee, shall be entitled to receive back such portion of the money as is represented by the unexpired term.

c. [Anyone] owing a debt of grain or money to another which he is unable to pay back, shall be entitled to produce other possessions which he may have equal in value [to the advancement] and discharge his indebtedness [by delivering them to his creditors].

[The enumeration of the paragraphs from this point gives rise to the supposition that the gap takes in 35 paragraphs and goes on from 100.]

100. Anyone borrowing money shall, on the day of settlement, repay the same to his creditor, with interest, according to the memoranda of his contract [for payment].

101. Anyone advancing money to another for the purpose of enabling the borrower to engage in business elsewhere, and the borrower to whom he advances failing to profit by his enterprise in such foreign place, he, the lender, shall receive back from the borrower the money so advanced.

102. In event anyone has an advance made to him of money for an enterprise in which he [subsequently] suffers, the loser shall return the money advanced by his creditors.

103. In event an advancement is made to another and the borrower, while on his journey in pursuance of the enterprise for which the money


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HQB

Women covers all matters relating to women and women's rights; including politics, society, education and history from a woman's perspective.

Child portals: Feminism • Women's suffrage

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HQB


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HS

Societies covers groups of people engaged in common interests. This portal includes clubs, organisations, associations, benevolent societies and secret societies.

Child portal: Anonymous • Secret societies • Wikimedia Foundation

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HS


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HT

Communities covers human settlements, cities, and urban, suburban and rural groups.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HT


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HTA

Classes covers social class, caste systems and social status.

Child portal: Slavery

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HTA


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Page:Laws of Hammurabi, King of Babylonia.djvu/18

76 is advanced, is robbed, he shall return and make statement under oath to his creditor of the circumstances of the robbery and thereupon shall be discharged [from liability on account of loan].

104. Anyone delivering to a middleman, factor or broker, grain, sesame or other merchandise to sell [for his account], the middleman, factor or broker shall give to him a receipt or written obligation setting forth the commission and conditions [contract of brokerage] under which sales and disposals of the properties are to be made and shall, in return, take a receipt [a written authority to sell] from his consignee. The middleman, broker or factor shall not use the money of his business man [consignee] unless receipted for [authorized in writing].

105. If the middleman, factor or broker is negligent and has failed to take receipts for money paid by him to the business man, he is estopped from making a subsequent claim therefor.

106. If anyone furnishes money to a middleman, broker or factor and said middleman, broker or factor afterward denies the receipt of such money and the person advancing the money shall make oath to the transaction and produce witnesses to substantiate his claim and the claim is found to be a just one, he shall be entitled to reclaim from the middleman, broker or factor 3 fold the money advanced by him to the middleman, broker or factor.

107. Anyone advancing money to a middleman, broker or factor which has been returned to him in full, and at the payment, the lender disputes the payment, the party making the advance, upon the unjustness of his dispute being determined, shall compensate the middleman or broker by paying to him 6 fold the amount advanced, repaid and disputed by him.

108. Any restaurant [inn] keeper who for the payment of drinks [or entertainment] shall [demand] and receive grain according to gross weight instead of money and if it is shown by the payer that the drink [or entertainment] is of a lesser value thatthan [sic] that charged for, the innkeeper shall be deemed guilty of misconduct [misdemeanor] and thrown into the water [in punishment].

109. If a restaurant or innkeeper allows conspirators to meet at his or her house and these conspirators are brought to trial before the courts [and are convicted], the innkeeper shall be put to death.

110. In event a virgin of the temple opens [sells liquors] or enters a bar for the purpose of drink she shall be burnt up.

111. An innkeeper delivering 60 "ka usakani" liquor [to one on credit] shall be repaid at the harvest 50 "ka" of grain.

112. If anyone while on a journey intrusts to another person gold, silver, precious stones or other personal property and the bailee fails to transport all such property to the destination determined upon [and directed by the bailor], but appropriates it [or any part thereof] to his own use, he, the bailee, shall give back to the bailor 5 fold the amount which has been appropriated by him.

113. If anyone receives an order from another for gold or grain and the giver of the order takes out of the house for safe-keeping [the storage place of the article for which the order was given] without the knowledge of the person to whom the order was given, any part of the gold or grain, he shall be held amenable and shall return the gold or grain to the person holding his order and [in punishment therefor the property of the wrongdoer shall be confiscated] his property shall be confiscated.


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HTB

Race studies covers races as social groups and race relations in general.

Child portals: Aboriginals • Hate groups • Ku Klux Klan

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HTB


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HV

Social pathology covers actions or behaviors that violate or deviate from social norms. This portal includes degeneration, addiction, alcoholism, smoking and drug abuse.

Child portals: Drugs and alcohol • Suicide

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HV


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HVA

Social and public welfare covers the support, aid and relief of people who, temporarily or permanently, cannot support themselves. This portal includes charity, social work, and emergency management.

Child portal: Animal Rights • Australasian Deaf and Dumb Association • Poverty

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HVA


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HVB

Criminology is the study of the nature, causes and control of criminal behavior.

Child portals: Global War on Terror • IRS investigation of Al Capone • Prison • September 11th (Zacarias Moussaoui) • Terrorism • Torture

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HVB


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HX

Socialism is an economic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy.

Child portal: Industrial Workers of the World • Socialist Party of Great Britain

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HX


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HXA

Communism is a revolutionary socialist movement to create a classless, moneyless, and stateless social order structured upon common ownership of the means of production.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HXA


text:
Page:An Introduction to the Study of Fishes.djvu/65

Rh which it is nearly symmetrical it is frequently prolonged into an upper and lower lobe, its hind margin being concave or more or less deeply excised; in others the hind margin is rounded, and when the middle rays greatly exceed in length the outer ones the fin assumes a pointed form.

Many and systematically important differences are observed in the dorsal fin, which is either spiny-rayed (spinous) (Acanthopterygian), or soft-rayed (Malacopterygian). In the former, a smaller or greater number of the rays are simple and without transverse joints; they may be flexible, or so much osseous matter is deposited in them that they appear hard and truly spinous (Fig. 3); these spines form always the anterior portion of the fin, which is detached from, or continuous

with, the remaining jointed rays. The spines can be erected or depressed at the will of the fish; if in the depressed position the spines cover one another completely, their points lying in the same line, the fish is called homacanth; but if the spines are asymmetrical, alternately broader on one side than on the other, the fish is called heteracanth. The spinous division, as well as the one consisting of jointed rays, may again be subdivided. In the Malacopterygian type all the rays remain jointed; indeed, sometimes the foremost ray, with its preceding short supports, is likewise ossified, and a hard spine, but the articulations can nearly always be distinctly


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Page:Democratic Ideals and Reality (1919).djvu/48

Rh sense, but in a practical 'tactile' way, gaining, as we say, greater command over his material—so has it been with the knowledge of humanity at large in regard to the Realities of the round world on which we must practise the intricate art of living together. It is not merely that we have amassed vast encyclopædias of fact, but that, as we live through each new epoch, we see all the past and all the present with new eyes and from new standpoints. It is obvious that these four years of war have wrought a change in human outlook the like of which was not effected in all the previous life of those of us who have grey hairs. Yet, when we look back with our present knowledge, is it not clear that the currents of thought now running so tumultuously were already setting in gently some twenty years ago? In the last years of last century and the first of this, the organisers at Berlin and the minorities in London and Paris had already discerned the new drift of the straws.

I propose trying to depict some of the Realities, geographical and economic, in their


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/HXB

Anarchism is a political and philosophical belief that all forms of involuntary rule or government are undesirable or unnecessary, and that society could function without a ruler or state.

Child portal: CrimethInc.

title: Portal:Social Sciences/HXB


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Page:Democratic Ideals and Reality (1919).djvu/49

Rh twentieth-century perspective. The facts will most of them be old and familiar. But, in the language of the Mediæval schoolmen, there is a great difference between Vera causa and Causa causans—mere academic learning and the realisation which impels to action.


text:
Portal:Social Sciences/Resources

 * External links
 * Class H on Project Gutenberg

title: Portal:Social Sciences/Resources


text:
Proclamation 4333

November 11, 1974

America and the world have changed enormously since the first thanksgiving 353 years ago. From a tiny coastal enclave on an untamed continent, we have grown into the mightiest, freest nation in human history. A civilization whose farthest reach was once the earth’s uncharted seas has now plumbed the secrets of outer space.

But the fundamental meaning of Thanksgiving still remains the same. It is a time when the differences of a diverse people are forgotten and all Americans join in giving thanks to God for the blessings we share - the blessings of freedom, opportunity and abundance that make America so unique.

This year, in the midst of plenty, we still face serious problems and massive challenges. In giving thanks for the many things we hold dear, let us also pray for the courage, resourcefulness and sense of purpose we will need to continue America’s saga of progress, and to be worthy heirs of the Pilgrim spirit. May we, too, find the strength and vision to leave behind us a better world, and an example that will inspire future generations to new achievements.

Now, Therefore, I, Gerald R. Ford, President of the United States of America, in accordance with Section 6103 of Title 5 of the United States Code, do hereby proclaim Thursday, November 28, 1974, as a day of national thanksgiving.

I call upon all Americans to gather together in homes and places of worship on this date, to join in offering gratitude for the countless blessings our people enjoy, and to share with the elderly and the unfortunate this special day that brings us all closer together.

In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this eleventh day of November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred seventy-four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred ninety-ninth.

GERALD R. FORD

title: Proclamation 4333


text:
Page:An Introduction to the Study of Fishes.djvu/66

42 traced. Sometimes the dorsal fin of Malacopterygian fishes is very long, extending from the head to the end of the tail, sometimes it is reduced to a few rays only, and in a few cases it is

entirely absent. In addition to the rayed dorsal fin, many Malacopterygian fishes (as the Salmonoids, many Siluroids, Scopeloids, etc.) have another of greater or lesser extent, without any rays; and as always fat is deposited within this fold, it is called a fatty fin (pinna adiposa).

The anal fin is built on the same plan as the dorsal, and may be single or plural, long or short, or entirely absent; in Acanthopterygians its foremost rays are frequently simple and spinous.

The horizontal or paired fins consist of two pairs: the pectorals and ventrals.

The pectoral fins (with their osseous supports) are the homologues of the anterior limbs of the higher Vertebrata. They are always inserted immediately behind the gill-opening; either symmetrical with a rounded posterior margin, or asymmetrical, with the upper rays longest and strongest; in Malacopterygians with a dorsal spine the upper pectoral ray is frequently developed into a similar defensive weapon.

The ventral fins are the homologues of the hind-limbs, and inserted on the abdominal surface, either behind the pectorals (Pisces s. Pinnæ abdominales), or below them (Pisces s. Pinnæ thoracicæ), or in advance of them (Pisces s. Pinnæ jugulares). They are generally narrow, composed of a small number of


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Page:An Introduction to the Study of Fishes.djvu/67

Rh rays, the outer of which is frequently osseous. In some small groups of fishes, like the Gobies, the fins coalesce and form a suctorial disk.

For the definition of the smaller systematic groups, and the determination of species, the numbers of the spines and rays are generally of the greatest importance. This holds good, especially for the ventral rays, by the number of which


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Page:Democratic Ideals and Reality (1919).djvu/50

'And God said, Let the waters be gathered together in one place.'

physical facts of geography have remained substantially the same during the fifty or sixty centuries of recorded human history. Forests have been cut down, marshes have been drained, and deserts may have broadened, but the outlines of land and water, and the lie of mountains and rivers have not altered except in detail. The influence of geographical conditions upon human activities has depended, however, not merely on the realities as we now know them to be and to have been, but in even greater degree on what men imagined in regard to them. The ocean has been one throughout history, but for effective human purposes there were two oceans. Western and Eastern, until the Cape of Good Hope was rounded only four hundred years ago. So did it happen that Admiral Mahan in the closing years of last century 38


text:
Portal:Communities

Urban sociology

 * Ebenezer Howard, Garden Cities of To-morrow, (1902)

title: Portal:Communities


text:
Page:An Introduction to the Study of Fishes.djvu/68

44 the Acanthopterygian affinities of a fish can nearly always be determined. The numbers of the dorsal and anal rays generally correspond to the number of vertebræ in a certain portion of the spine, and are therefore constant specific, generic, or even family characters; but when their number is very great, a proportionally wide margin must be allowed for variation, and the taxinomic value of this character becomes uncertain. The numbers of the pectoral and caudal rays are rarely of any account.

The fins are organs of motion; but it is chiefly the tail and the caudal fin by which the fish impels itself forward. To execute energetic locomotion the tail and caudal fin are strongly bent, with rapidity, alternately towards the right and left; whilst a gentle motion forwards is effected by a simply undulating action of the caudal fin, the lobes of which act like the blades of a screw. Retrograde motions can be made by fish in an imperfect manner only, by forward-strokes of the pectoral fins. When the fish wants to turn towards the left, he gives a stroke of the tail towards the right, the right pectoral acting sunultaneously, whilst the left remains adpressed to the body. Thus the pectoral fins assist in the progressive motions of the fish, but rather directing its course than acting as powerful propellers. The chief function of the paired fins is to maintain the balance of the fish in the water, which is always the most unsteady where there is no weight to sink it: when the pectoral of one side, or the pectoral and ventral of the same side are removed, the fish loses its balance and falls on the side opposite; when both pectorals are removed, the fish's head sinks; on removal of the dorsal and anal fins the motion of the fish assumes a zig-zag course. A fish deprived of all fins, as well as a dead fish, floats with the belly upwards, the back being the heavier part of the body.

In numerous groups of fishes which live in mud, or are enabled to pass a longer or shorter time in soil


text: Democratic Ideals and Reality: A Study in the Politics of Reconstruction/Chapter 3


text:
Portal:Economic history and conditions

Crises

 * "The Tulip Mania," by William R. Hooper in Harper's New Monthly Magazine, no. 340, volume 52, April 1876.

Climate change

 * The Economics of Climate Change: a Primer by the Congressional Budget Office (Congress of the United States)

Espionage

 * Foreign Economic Espionage in Cyberspace by the National Counterintelligence and Security Center (United States)

Britain

 * The History of British Commerce, 1844 by George Lillie Craik
 * Portal:Land&Liberty

Czech Republic

 * "The Trade of Bohemia" by František Peroutka in Bohemian Section at the Austrian Exhibition, Earl's Court London 1906
 * "Economic Strength of the Bohemian Lands" by Vojta Beneš in The Bohemian Review, 2 (2, 4) (1918)

United States

 * Economic History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century, 1896 by Philip Alexander Bruce
 * The History of Fiat Money and Currency Inflation in New England from 1620 to 1789, 1898 by Frank Fenwick McLeod
 * Augustine Herrman, Beginner of the Virginia Tobacco Trade, Merchant of New Amsterdam and First Lord of Bohemia Manor in Maryland, 1904 by Leon Heck
 * Augustine Herrman, Beginner of the Virginia Tobacco Trade, Merchant of New Amsterdam and First Lord of Bohemia Manor in Maryland, 1904 by Leon Heck

title: Portal:Economic history and conditions


text:
Portal:Demography

General works

 * An Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798 by Thomas Malthus
 * Two Lectures on the Checks to Population, 1833 by William Forster Lloyd
 * The Law of Population: Its Consequences, and Its Bearing upon Human Conduct and Morals, 1877 by Annie Besant
 * Proclamation 6366, 1991 by George Herbert Walker Bush (World Population Awareness Week)
 * Proclamation 6366, 1991 by George Herbert Walker Bush (World Population Awareness Week)
 * Proclamation 6366, 1991 by George Herbert Walker Bush (World Population Awareness Week)
 * Proclamation 6366, 1991 by George Herbert Walker Bush (World Population Awareness Week)
 * Proclamation 6366, 1991 by George Herbert Walker Bush (World Population Awareness Week)
 * Proclamation 6366, 1991 by George Herbert Walker Bush (World Population Awareness Week)
 * Proclamation 6366, 1991 by George Herbert Walker Bush (World Population Awareness Week)

United Kingdom

 * "The Population of London," in The New York Times, September 1, 1901.

United States

 * Portal:United States Census Bureau
 * Presidential Memorandum on Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2003 by George Walker Bush
 * Presidential Memo - Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2009 by Barack Obama
 * Presidential Memorandum on Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2003 by George Walker Bush
 * Presidential Memo - Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2009 by Barack Obama
 * Presidential Memorandum on Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2003 by George Walker Bush
 * Presidential Memo - Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2009 by Barack Obama
 * Presidential Memorandum on Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2003 by George Walker Bush
 * Presidential Memo - Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2009 by Barack Obama
 * Presidential Memorandum on Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2003 by George Walker Bush
 * Presidential Memo - Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2009 by Barack Obama
 * Presidential Memorandum on Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2003 by George Walker Bush
 * Presidential Memo - Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2009 by Barack Obama
 * Presidential Memorandum on Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2003 by George Walker Bush
 * Presidential Memo - Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2009 by Barack Obama
 * Presidential Memo - Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2009 by Barack Obama

Population control

 * Population and Birth-Control, 1917 symposium edited by Eden Paul and Cedar Paul
 * Presidential Memorandum on Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2003 by George Walker Bush
 * Presidential Memo - Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2009 by Barack Obama
 * Presidential Memo - Mexico City Policy and Assistance for Voluntary Population Planning, 2009 by Barack Obama

title: Portal:Demography


text:
Portal:Industries

Agriculture

 * General agriculture
 * Agricultural labour

Trade unions, labor unions & workers' associations

 * Reflections on Violence, 1915 by Georges Sorel

Other

 * "Home-Industries in Bohemia" by Renáta Tyršová in Bohemian Section at the Austrian Exhibition, Earl's Court London 1906
 * "Statistics of Home-industries in Bohemia" by K. Burda in Bohemian Section at the Austrian Exhibition, Earl's Court London 1906
 * Portal:Energizer

title: Portal:Industries


text:
Page:An Introduction to the Study of Fishes.djvu/69

Rh dried and hardened during the hot season, forms occur entirely devoid of, or with only rudimentary, ventral fins (Cyprinodon, Ophiocephalidæ, Galaxiidæ, Siluridæ). The chief function of these fins being to balance the body of the fish whilst swimming, it is evident that in fishes moving during a great part of their life over swampy ground, or through more or less consistent mud, this function of the ventral fins ceases, and that nature can readily dispense with these organs altogether.

In certain fishes the shape and function of the fins are considerably modified: thus, in the Rays, locomotion is almost entirely effected and regulated by the broad and expanded pectoral fins acting with an undulatory motion of their margins, similar to the undulations of the long vertical fins of the Flat-fishes; in many Blennies the ventral fins are adapted for walking on the sea-bottom; in some Gobioids (Periophthalmus), Trigloids, Scorpænioids, and Pediculati, the pectoral fins are perfect organs of walking;

in the Gobies, Cyclopteri, and Discoboli the ventral fins are transformed into an adhesive disk, and finally in the Flying-fish, in which the pectorals act as a parachute. In the Eels and other snake-like fishes, the swimming as well as the gliding motions are effected by several curvatures of the body, alternate towards the right and left, resembling the locomotion of Snakes. In the Syngnathi (Pipe-fishes) and Hippocampi, whose body admits of but a slight degree of lateral curvature, and whose caudal fin is generally small, if present at all, locomotion is very limited, and almost wholly dependent on the action of the dorsal fin, which consists of a rapid undulating movement.

The skin of fishes is either covered with scales, or naked, or provided with more or less numerous scutes of various forms and sizes. Some parts, like the head and fins, are more


text:
Portal:Labor

Works

 * The Laboring Classes of England (1847) by William Dodd
 * "The Bohemian Women in New York", in Charities, vol. 13, no. 10 (December 1904)
 * The Promise of American Life, 1909 by Herbert David Croly
 * Reflections on Violence, 1915, by Georges Sorel
 * Labour and Childhood (1907) by Margaret McMillan
 * Reflections on Violence, 1915, by Georges Sorel
 * Labour and Childhood (1907) by Margaret McMillan
 * Labour and Childhood (1907) by Margaret McMillan

Periodicals

 * The Agitator (1910–1913)

Individual

 * Casey Jones—Union Scab, original written in 1911 by Joe Hill
 * The Preacher and the Slave, original written in 1911 by Joe Hill
 * Coffee An' (1912)
 * The Rebel Girl, original written in 1915 by Joe Hill
 * There Is Power in a Union, original written in 1913 by Joe Hill
 * The Tramp, original written in 1913 by Joe Hill
 * Last Will of Joe Hill, written November 18, 1915 by Joe Hill on the eve of his execution
 * My Last Will, hand-written original
 * My Last Will in Songs of the Workers (1919, 15th edition)

Collections

 * The Trumpet of Reform (1874)
 * Little Red Songbook (9th edition), 1916 by the Industrial Workers of the World
 * Songs of the workers (15th edition), 1919 by the Industrial Workers of the World
 * American Folksongs of Protest (1953)
 * The Little Red Song Book by the Industrial Workers of the World

Organizations

 * Industrial Workers of the World
 * International Labour Organization
 * United States Department of Labor

title: Portal:Labor


text:
Portal:Transportation and communications

Railroads

 * An Act to incorporate the Baltimore and Potomac Rail Road Company

Postal Service

 * A New Thing in Postage


text:
Portal:The Family

Parents and children

 * Portal:Children
 * Portal:Eugenics
 * Thoughts on the Education of Daughters, by Mary Wollstonecraft, 1787

Sexes

 * Portal:Women
 * Portal:Feminism
 * Portal:Men's Rights

Sexual life

 * Portal:Erotica
 * Portal:Erotic poetry
 * Portal:Sexuality

Homosexuality

 * Portal:LGBT

title: Portal:The Family