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 how, in the tumult of passion, to assume the "temperance to give it smoothness." A lie never ran away with him, as it is apt to do with young performers; he could always manage and guide it, and to have seen him fairly mounted would have given you some idea of the polished elegance of D'Orsay and the superb manage of Murat. There is a tone and manner of narration different from those used in delivering ideas just conceived, just as there is difference between the sound of the voice in reading and in speaking. Bolus knew this and practiced on it. When he was narrating he put the facts in order and seemed to speak them out of his memory, but not formally or as if by rote. He would stop himself to correct a date; recollect he was wrong—he was at that year at the White Sulphur or Saratoga, etc.; having got the date right the names of persons present would be incorrect, etc., and these he corrected in turn. A stranger hearing him would have feared the marring of a good story by too fastidious a conscientiousness in the narrator.

Superior to many of the settlers in elegance of manners and general intelligence, it was the weakness of the Virginian to imagine he was superior too in the essential art of being able to hold his hand and make his way in a new country, and especially such a country and at such a time. What a mistake that was! The times were out of joint. It was hard to say whether it were more dangerous to stand still or to move. If the emigrant stood still, he was consumed, by no slow degrees, by expenses; if he moved, ten to one he went off in a galloping consumption by a ruinous investment. Expenses then—necessary articles about three times as high, and extra articles still more extra-priced—were a different thing in the new country from what they were in the old. In the old country, a jolly


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 Virginia, starting the business of free living on a capital of a plantation, and fifty or sixty negroes, might reasonably calculate, if no ill luck befell him, by the aid of a usurer, and the occasional sale of a negro or two, to hold out without declared insolvency, until a green old age. His estate melted like an estate in chancery, under the gradual thaw of expenses; but in the fast country, it went by the sheer cost of living—some poker losses included—like the fortune of the confectioner in California, who failed for one hundred thousand dollars in the six months' keeping of a candy shop. But all the habits of his life, his taste, his associations, his education—everything—the trustingness of his disposition—his want of business qualification—his sanguine temper—all that was Virginian in him, made him the prey, if not of imposture, at least of unfortunate speculations. Where the keenest jockey often was bit, what chance had he? About the same that the verdant Moses had with the venerable old gentleman, his father's friend, at the fair, when he traded the Vicar's pony for the green spectacles. But how could he believe it? How could he believe that the stuttering, grammarless Georgian, who had never heard of the resolutions of '98, could beat him in a land trade? "Have no money dealings with my father," said the friendly Martha to Lord Nigel, "for, idiot though he seems, he will make an ass of thee." What pity some monitor, equally wise and equally successful with old Trapbois' daughter, had not been at the elbow of every Virginia! "'T wad frae monie a blunder freed him—an' foolish notion."

If he made a bad bargain, how could he expect to get rid of it? He knew nothing of the elaborate machinery of ingenious chicane—such as feigning bankruptcy, fraudulent conveyances, making over to his wife, running property—and had never heard of such tricks of trade as sending out coffins to the graveyard, with negroes inside, carried off by sudden spells of


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 эгоистка egoist F.

экзамен examination, exam, test. Вы выдержали экзамены? Did you pass the exams? — Я очень боюсь провалиться на экзамене. I'm very much afraid that I'll flunk the exam.

экземпляр copy. У нас не осталось ни одного экземпляра этого словаря. We haven't even got one copy of this dictionary left. — Перепишите, пожалуйста, эту бумагу в двух экземплярах. Make two copies of this document, please. • specimen. Не потеряйте этой марки, это очень редкий экземпляр. Don't lose this stamp. It's a very rare specimen.

экипаж (M) carriage. Это старинный экипаж. That's an old-fashioned carriage. • ship's crew. Большая часть экипажа сейчас на берегу. Most of the ship's crew went ashore.

экономика economics.

экономить (/pct: с-/) to economize. Мы всячески стараемся экономить. We're trying to economize every way we can. — Экономьте на чём угодно, только не на еде. Economize on whatever you want, but not on food. • to save. Нам придётся экономить топливо. We have to save on fuel.

экономический economic. Он читает курс экономической географии. He gives a course in economic geography. □ экономические науки economics. Я интересуюсь экономическими науками. I'm interested in economics. экономический кризис depression. У вас в стране тогда, кажется, был экономический кризис? Was there a depression in your country at that time?

экономия saving. Этим способом вы добьётесь большой экономии времени. There's a big saving of time by this method. □ режим экономии anti-waste program. На всех заводах был введён строжайший режим экономии. An anti-waste program of the strictest sort was carried on in all factories. □ Теперь надо вводить режим экономии, а то не дотянем до получки. We've got to count our pennies; otherwise we won't be able to make both ends meet until payday. • Ей приходится соблюдать экономию. She has to be very thrifty.

экономный thrifty. Она экономная хозяйка. She's a thrifty housewife. □ экономно economically. Моя мать ведёт хозяйство очень экономно. My mother runs the household very economically.

экран screen. Сядем поближе к экрану. Let's sit closer to the screen. — Она известная звезда экрана. She's a well known screen star.

экскурсия trip. Мы едем на три дня в экскурсию в горы. We're going on a three-day trip in the mountains. • excursion. Не хотите ли вы присоединиться к нашей экскурсии? Would you like to come on our excursion?

эксплоататор exploiter.

экспорт export.

экстренный extra. У меня были экстренные расходы, и все деньги ушли. I had some extra expenses and all my money is gone. □ экстренное издание extra (newspaper). В этот день газета выпустила экстренное издание. The paper put out an extra that day.

экстренно urgently. Зачем он вам так экстренно понадобился? Why do you need him so urgently? • at once. Мне необходимо экстренно выехать. I have to leave town at once.

элеватор grain elevator.

электрический electric. □ электрическая лампочка electric bulb. электрическая станция See электростанция. электрический утюг electric iron.

электричество electricity. У вас квартира с электричеством? Does your apartment have electricity? • light. Потушите электричество! Turn the light off. — Зажгите электричество. Turn the light on.

электростанция power house, power station.

элемент element.

эмиграция emigration. Эмиграция из России в Америку шла главным образом в конце девятнадцатого века. Emigration from Russia to America was at its height toward the end of the Nineteenth Century. • exile. Многие из нынешних советских политических деятелей до революции жили в эмиграции. Many of the present-day Soviet political leaders lived in exile before the Revolution. • emigres. Эта книга пользуется большим успехом среди русской эмиграции в Америке. This book is widely read by the Russian emigres in America.

энергичный energetic. Он человек энергичный. He's an energetic person. • strong. Пришлось принять энергичные меры. We had to take strong measures. □ энергично vigorously. Они энергично взялись за дело. They went at the matter vigorously.

энергия energy. Он посвящает этому делу всю свою энергию. He devotes all his energy to this matter. • vigor. Он полон сил и энергии. He's full of vim and vigor. □ электрическая энергия electrical energy, electric power.

эпидемия epidemic.

эпоха epoch, period.

эстрада platform. Оратор вышел на эстраду. The speaker came up on the platform.

эта (/n F of этот/).

этаж (-а M) floor. В нашем доме пять этажей. There are five floors in our house. — На каком этаже ваша комната? What floor is your room on? — Я живу в верхнем этаже. I hve on the top floor. □ нижний этаж ground floor.

этажерка bookcase. Поставьте книги на этажерку. Put the book in the bookcase. • rack. А в этот угол вы можете поставить этажерку для нот. You can put your sheet-music rack in this corner.

эти (/np of этот/).

этикетка label. На бутылке есть этикетка с надписью: яд. There's a label on the bottle with "poison" written on it.

этичный ethical. Это был не совсем этичный поступок. That wasn't a very ethical thing to do. □ этично ethical. С нашей точки зрения это не этично. It's not very ethical from our point of view.

это (/na N of этот/).

это that. Кто это с вами поздоровался? Who's that who greeted you? — Кто это приехал? Who's that who arrived? • this. Ну, что это такое! What the devil is this? □ Куда это вы собрались? Where are you bound for? • Что это вы так развеселились? What are you so happy about? • Вы что же это? Всю работу нам испортить хотите? What's the matter with you? Do you want to


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 imaginary disease, to be "resurrected" in due time grinning on the banks of the Brazos.

The new philosophy too had commended itself to his speculative temper. He readily caught at the idea of a new spirit of the age having set in, which rejected the saws of Poor Richard as being as much out of date as his almanacs. He was already, by the great rise of property, compared to his condition under the old-time prices, rich; and what were a few thousands of debt, which two or three crops would pay off, compared to the value of his estate? (He never thought that the value of property might come down, while the debt was a fixed fact.) He lived freely, for it was a liberal time, and liberal fashions were in vogue, and it was not for a Virginian to be behind others in hospitality and liberality. He required credit and security, and, of course, had to stand security in return. When the crash came, and no "accommodations" could be had, except in a few instances, and in those on the most ruinous terms, he fell an easy victim. They broke by neighborhoods. They usually indorsed for each other, and when one fell—like the child's play of putting bricks on end at equal distances, and dropping the first in line against the second, which fell against the third, and so on to the last—all fell; each got broke as security, and yet few or none were able to pay their own debts! . ..

There was one consolation—if the Virginian involved himself like a fool, he suffered himself to be sold out like a gentleman. When his card house of visionary projects came tumbling about his ears, the next question was, the one Webster plagiarized, "Where am I to go?" Those who had fathers, uncles, aunts, or other dernier resorts in Virginia limped back, with feathers molted and crestfallen, to the old stamping ground, carrying the returned Californian's fortune of ten thousand dollars—six bits in money, and the balance in experience.


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 was after them, from the countinghouse or the plantation into a doctor's shop or a law office, as if those places were the sanctuaries from the avenger; some pretended to be doctors that did not know a liver from a gizzard, administering medicine by the guess, without knowing enough of pharmacy to tell whether the stuff exhibited in the big-bellied blue, red, and green bottles at the show windows of the apothecary's shop was given by the drop or the half pint.

Divers left, but what became of them, I never knew any more than they know what becomes of the sora after frost. Many were the instances of suffering; of pitiable misfortune, involving and crushing whole families; of pride abased; of honorable sensibilities wounded; of the provision for old age destroyed; of hopes of manhood overcast; of independence dissipated and the poor victim, without help, or hope, or sympathy, forced to petty shifts for a bare subsistence, and a ground-scuffle for what in happier days he threw away. But there were too many examples of this sort for the expenditure of a useless compassion; just as the surgeon after a battle grows case-hardened from an excess of objects of pity.


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 spoil all our work? • И зачем это я впутался в это дело! Why did I ever let myself get mixed up in this affair? • как бы это повидаться с ним? How can I get to see him?

Этот (§17) this, that. Этот перевод никуда не годится. This translation is absolutely no good. — Я этого человека не знаю. I don't know this man. — Я думаю последовать этому совету. I think I'll follow this advice. — Этим карандашом невозможно писать. It's impossible to write with this pencil. — Они живут в этом доме. They live in this house. — Эта работа мне по душе. This work agrees with me. — Я этой книги не читал. I didn't read this book. — Это платье вам не идёт. This dress doesn't become you. — Этим летом мы поедем к морю. This summer we're going to the seashore. — Этим вы ещё ничего не доказали. You haven't as yet proved anything by this. — Эти американцы только вчера приехали. These Americans arrived only yesterday. — Дайте мне эти письма, пожалуйста. Give me these letters, please. — Без этих словарей я не могу продолжать работу. I can't get my work done without these dictionaries. — Я этим слухам не верю. I don't believe those rumors. — С этими рекомендациями вас наверно примут на работу. You'll certainly get the job with those recommendations. — Это вы так думаете! That's what you think! •this one. Какую комнату вы берёте, эту или ту? Which room are you taking, this one or the other? — Здесь две кровати. Я буду спать на этой, а мой сын — на той. Here are two beds. I'll sleep on this one and my son on that one. — Те устали, эти заняты — ничего не выйдет из нашей вечеринки! Those are tired; these are busy — there won't be any party. • it. Я об этом не слыхал. I haven't heard about it. — Ничего с этим не поделаешь! Nothing can be done about it. — На этом мы и порешили. We decided on it then. — Это только издали так кажется. It only looks like that at a distance. □ при этом as well. Он не умён да при этом ещё упрям. Not only is he unintelligent, but he's stubborn as well. □ Ох, уж эти мне профессора! That's just like a professor!

эхо echo.

Ю
юбилей anniversary. Сегодня двадцатипятилетний юбилей его работы на заводе. Today is his twenty-fifth anniversary at the factory.

юбка skirt. В юбке работать неудобно. It's not comfortable to work in a skirt. — Не слушайте его, он за всякой юбкой готов бегать. Pay no attention to him; he'll chase any skirt. □ *Он привык держаться за маменькину юбку. He's tied to his mother's apron strings.

юбок See юбка.

юг south. Сегодня ветер дует с юга. The wind is blowing from the south today. — После болезни его послали на юг. They sent him south after his illness. □ Это окно выходит на юг. This window has a southern exposure.

южный southern. Я не привык к южному солнцу. I'm not used to the southern sun. — У него южный акцент. He has a southern accent.

юмор humor. Беда в том, что у него нет чувства юмора. The trouble is, he has no sense of humor. — Вы уже понимаете русский юмор? Do you already understand Russian humor?

юмористический humor. Это юмористический журнал. This is a humor magazine. □ А вы бы отнеслись к этому юмористически! Why don't you just laugh it off?

юноша (gp -шей M) young fellow. Кто этот юноша? Who's this young fellow?

юный (sh -на) young. □ юные пионеры young pioneers.

юрисконсульт legal adviser. Я должен поговорить с нашим юрисконсультом. I have to speak to our legal adviser.

юрист lawyer. Пускай об этом юристы спорят. Let the lawyers argue about this.

Я
я (ga меня, dl мне, i мной, мною, §21) I. Я сегодня уезжаю. I'm leaving today. — *Не я буду, если не добьюсь от него объяснения. I'm going to get an explanation from him if it's the last thing I do. — Мне сегодня вырвали зуб. I had a tooth pulled today. — Меня клонит ко сну. I feel sleepy. — Мне не хочется туда идти. I don't feel like going there. — Откуда мне знать? How should I know? — Сегодня вечером меня не будет дома. I won't be home tonight. — Мне это совсем не нравится. I don't like it at all. — Мне нездоровится. I don't feel well. — Мною руководило чувство жалости. I only did it out of pity. • me. Все ваши друзья, и я в том числе, кланяются вам. All your friends, including me, send you their greetings. — Вы ко мне? Have you come to see me? — Не трогайте меня сегодня, я не в духе. Don't bother me today; I'm not in a good mood. — Если вы мной недовольны, почему вы не скажете прямо? If you aren't satisfied with me, why don't you say so? — Не беспокойтесь обо мне. Don't worry about me. — Идёмте со мной! Come with me! — Не говорите мне о нём. Don't speak to me about him. □ у меня I have. У меня сегодня страшная головная боль. I have a terrible headache today. • in my house. Он вчера был у меня. He was in my house yesterday.


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 Those who were in the condition of the prodigal (barring the father, the calf—the fatted one I mean—and the fiddle) had to turn their accomplishments to account; and many of them, having lost all by eating and drinking, sought the retributive justice from meat and drink, which might at least support them in poverty. Accordingly they kept tavern and made a barter of hospitality, a business the only disagreeable part of which was receiving the money, and the only one I know for which a man can eat and drink himself into qualification. And while I confess I never knew a Virginian, out of the state, to keep a bad tavern, I never knew one to draw a solvent breath from the time he opened house until death or the sheriff closed it.

Others again got to be not exactly overseers but some nameless thing, the duties of which were nearly analogous, for some more fortunate Virginian, who had escaped the wreck and who had got his former boon companion to live with him on board, or other wages, in some such relation that the friend was not often found at table at the dinings given to the neighbors, and had got to be called Mr. Flournoy instead of Bob, and slept in an outhouse in the yard, and only read the Enquirer of nights and Sundays.

Some of the younger scions that had been transplanted early and stripped of their foliage at a tender age, had been turned into birches for the corrective discipline of youth. Yes; many who had received academical or collegiate educations, disregarding the allurements of the highway, turning from the gala-day exercise of ditching, scorning the effeminate relaxation of splitting rails, heroically led the Forlorn Hope of the battle of life, the corps of pedagogues of country schools—academies, I beg pardon for not saying; for, under the Virginia economy, every crossroad log cabin, where boys were flogged from B-a-k-e-r to Constantinople, grew into the dignity of a sort


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 of runt college; and the teacher vainly endeavored to hide the meanness of the calling beneath the sonorous sobriquet of Professor. . ..

I had a friend on whom this catastrophe descended. Tom Edmundson was buck of the first head—gay, witty, dashing, vain, proud, handsome, and volatile, and, withal, a dandy and lady's man to the last intent in particular. He had graduated at the University, and had just settled with his guardian, and received his patrimony of ten thousand dollars in money. Being a young gentleman of enterprise, he sought the alluring fields of Southwestern adventure, and found them in this state. Before he well knew the condition of his exchequer, he had made a permanent investment of one half of his fortune in cigars, champagne, trinkets, buggies, horses, and current expenses, including some small losses at poker, which game he patronized merely for amusement; and found that it diverted him a good deal, but diverted his cash much more. He invested the balance, on private information kindly given him, in "Choctaw Floats," a most lucrative investment it would have turned out but for the facts: 1. That the Indians never had any title; 2. The white man who kindly interposed to act as guardian for the Indians did not have the Indian title; 3. The land, left subject to entry if the "Floats" had been good, was not worth entering. "These imperfections off its head," I know of no fancy stock I would prefer to a "Choctaw Float." " Brief, brave, and glorious" was "Tom's young career." When Thomas found, as he did shortly, that he had bought five thousand dollars worth of moonshine and had no title to it, he honestly informed his landlord of the state of his "fiscality," and that worthy kindly consented to take a new buggy, at half price, in payment of the old balance. The horse, a nick-tailed trotter, Tom had raffled off, but omitting to require cash, the process of collection resulted in his getting the price of one


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 у меня есть I have. У меня уже есть билет, I have a ticket already. у меня нет I haven't. У меня нет ни гроша. I haven't got a cent.

яблоко (P яблоки, яблок or яблоков, яблокам) apple. Я вам оставила несколько печёных яблок. I left a few baked apples for you. □ *Тут яблоку упасть негде. It's so crowded here you just can't get anyone else in.

яблоня apple tree. Приезжайте к нам в мне, когда у нас яблони в цвету. Come visit us in May, when our apple trees are in bloom. □ *Яблочко от яблони недалеко падает. He's a chip off the old block.

явиться (pct of являться) to appear. Вы должны обязательно явиться в суд. You must positively appear in court. • to come. Его приезд явился для меня большой неожиданностью. His arrival came as a big surprise to me. • to show up. Он явился в последний момент. He showed up at the last moment. □ У меня явилась блестящая мысль. I was struck with a brilliant idea.

явка attendance. Репетиция в два часа, явка обязательна. The rehearsal is at two o'clock. Attendance is compulsory.

являться (/dur of явиться/) to report. Пора было бы знать, что на службу нужно являться во-время. It's about time you knew that you've got to report for work on time.

явный evident. Не огорчайтесь, тут явное недоразумение. Don't worry; that's evidently a misunderstanding. • sheer. Это явная небрежность. It's sheer carelessness. • downright. Он говорит явную ерунду. He's talking downright nonsense. • obvious. Слушайте, да ведь это же явная ложь. Look here, this is an obvious lie. □ явно obviously. Он нас явно избегает. He's obviously avoiding us.

ягнёнок (-нка, P ягнята, ягнят, ягнятам) lamb.

ягода berry. Что это за ягода? What kind of berries are these? □ винная ягода dried fig. Дайте мне связку винных ягод. Give me a string of dried figs. по ягоды to pick berries. Дети пошли в лес по ягоды. The children went into the forest to pick berries. □ *Сразу видать — он с ним одного поля ягода. Birds of a feather flock together.

яд poison. На бутылке написано — яд. This bottle is marked poison. • venom. Сколько иду в ваших словах! Your words are just dripping venom.

ядовитый poisonous. Не бойтесь, эти грибы не ядовитые. Don't be afraid; these mushrooms aren't poisonous. □ Он ядовито усмехнулся. He sneered.

язвительный sarcastic. Не обращайте внимания на его язвительные замечания. Don't pay any attention to his sarcastic remarks.

язык (-а) tongue. Какой ваш родной язык? What is your native tongue? — У него обложен язык. His tongue is coated. — Осторожнее с ним, у него длинный язык. Be careful with him; he has a long tongue. — Опять я что-то сболтнул! Ох, язык мой — враг мой! Oh, my tongue is my worst enemy; I let something slip again. — Что вы, язык проглотили? Has the cat got your tongue? • language. Вы, видно, способны к языкам. You evidently have a gift for languages. — *Пока вы не заговорите его языком, он не поймёт. You've got to talk his language to make him understand. □ держать язык за зубами to keep things to oneself. *Не беспокойтесь, он умеет держать язык за зубами. Don't worry. He knows how to keep things to himself. копчёный язык smoked tongue. Вы любите копчёный язык? Do you like smoked tongue? □ Он объяснялся со мной на ломаном русском языке. He talked to me in broken Russian. • Нечего языком чесать! Enough of this idle talk! • Злые языки говорят, что вашего приятеля выгнали за неспособность. The gossip is that your friend was fired for lack of ability. • У меня язык не повернулся сказать это. I couldn't bring myself to say it.

яиц See яйцо.

яичница ([-šnj-]). □ яичница болтушка scrambled eggs. яичница глазунья fried eggs.

яйцо (P яйца, яиц, яйцам) egg. □ яйцо вкрутую hard-boiled egg. яйцо в мешочек three-minute egg. яйцо всмятку soft-boiled egg. □ Всё это выеденного яйца не стоит! All that isn't worth a damn!

якорь (/P -ря, -рей/M) anchor. А можно тут бросить якорь? Can you drop anchor around here? □ Рядом стояло на якоре несколько рыбачьих лодок. Several fishing boats were anchored near by. • Моральная поддержка старых друзей оказалась для него якорем спасения. The moral support of his friends helped see him through the crisis.

яма pit. Осторожно, не свалитесь в яму. See that you don't fall into the pit. • trap. *Не рой другому ямы, сам в неё попадёшь. Careful you don't fall into your own trap.

январь (-ря M) January.

яркий (sh -рка; cp ярче; ярчайший) bright. Я не люблю ярких цветов. I don't like bright colors. □ ярко brightly. Отчего это его дом так ярко освещён? Why is his house so brightly lighted? • colorfully. Его последний роман очень ярко написан. His latest novel is very colorfully written.

ярлык (-а) label. Проверьте, на всех ли чемоданах наклеен ярлык: "Досмотрено Таможней". See if all the bags have this label: "Customs Inspected." — Дайте мне вон ту бутылку, с синим ярлыком. Give me that bottle over there with the blue label.

ярмарка fair. Я купила этот платок на ярмарке. I bought this kerchief at the fair. □ Что это тут за ярмарка? Прекратите шум. What is this, a boiler factory? Cut out that noise.

яровой. □ яровая пшеница spring wheat. яровые spring crop.

я́рус. □ второ́й я́рус second balcony. Ско́лько сто́ит ло́жа второ́го я́руса? How much does a box in the second balcony cost? пе́рвый я́рус first balcony.

я́рче See я́ркий.

я́сли (я́слей P) trough. Почему́ нет се́на в я́слях? Why isn't there hay in the trough? • day nursery. При на́шем


text:
Page:Southern Life in Southern Literature.djvu/203

 chance—the winner of the horse magnanimously paying his subscription. The rest either had gambling offsets, else were not prepared just at any one particular given moment to pay up, though always ready generally and in a general way.

Unlike his namesake, Tom and his landlady were not—for a sufficient reason—very gracious; and so, the only common bond, Tom's money, being gone, Tom received "notice to quit" in regular form.

In the hurly-burly of the times I lost sight of Tom for a considerable period. One day, as I was traveling over the hills in Greene, by a crossroad leading me near a country mill, I stopped to get water at a spring at the bottom of the hill. Clambering up the hill, after remounting, the summit of it brought me to a view, on the other side, through the bushes, of a log country schoolhouse, the door being wide open, and who did I see but Tom Edmundson, dressed as fine as ever, sitting back in an armchair, one thumb in his waistcoat armhole, the other hand brandishing a long switch, or rather pole. As I approached a little nearer I heard him speak out: "Sir—Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, was the author of the Declaration of Independence—mind that. I thought everybody knew that—even the Georgians." Just then he saw me coming through the bushes and entering the path that led by the door. Suddenly he broke from the chair of state, and the door was slammed to, and I heard some one of the boys, as I passed the door, say, "Tell him he can't come in—the master's sick." This was the last I ever saw of Tom. I understand he afterwards moved to Louisiana, where he married a rich French widow, having first, however, to fight a duel with one of her sons, whose opposition could n't be appeased until some such expiatory sacrifice to the manes of his worthy father was attempted; which failing, he made rather a lame apology for his zealous indiscretion,—the poor fellow could make no other,—for Tom had


text:
Page:Dictionary of spoken Russian (1945).djvu/566

 заводе организованы ясли. They've organized a day nursery at our factory.

ясный (sh -сна) clear. Какая сегодня ясная морозная ночь. What a clear, cold night it is! — Ещё бы не понять после такого ясного объяснения! How could I possibly not understand it after such a clear explanation? — У вас очень ясный почерк. You have a very clear handwriting. • clearly. Ну, ясное дело, это его работа. Well, it's clearly his doing. □ ясно bright. Сегодня на дворе ясно. It's a bright day today. • clearly. Теперь я ясно вижу свою ошибку. Now I see my mistake clearly. • clear. Теперь мне всё ясно. Now everything is clear to me.

ячмень (-ня M) barley. Мы сеем много ячменя. We saw lots of barley. □ У него ячмень на глазу. He has a sty in his eye.

ящик drawer. Все бумаги — в нижнем ящике письменного стола. All the papers are in the lower drawer of the desk. — Положите бельё в верхний ящик комода. Put the linen in the top drawer of the chest. • case. Я сдал в багаж чемодан и ящик с книгами. I checked through a suitcase and a case of books. • box. Что в этом большом ящике? What's in this big box? □ мусорный ящик garbage can. Где тут мусорный ящик? Where's the garbage can? □ Не советую откладывать этого дела в долгий ящик. I'm advising you not to put this thing off indefinitely.


text: Southern Life in Southern Literature/Joseph Glover Baldwin


text:
Author:Joseph Glover Baldwin

Works

 * Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi (1853)
 * Ovid Bolus, Esq, in Southern Life in Southern Literature
 * How the Flush Times Served the Virginians in Southern Life in Southern Literature

 * Party Leaders (1855)
 * The Flush Times of California

title: Author:Joseph Glover Baldwin


text: Ælfric's Lives of Saints/21swy

title: Ælfric's Lives of Saints/21swy


text:
Page:Confederate Military History - 1899 - Volume 3.djvu/183

Rh God to bless them. The woods are literally covered with the baggage, coats and haversacks of the enemy. Though almost naked, my command is ready to move forward." Reynolds, who had been taken by surprise by Lee's advance, says in his official report: "So matters rested at dark on the 12th, with heavy forces in front and in plain sight of both posts, communication cut off, and the supply train for the mountains loaded with provisions that were needed."

Colonel Rust, at 10 p. m. of September 13th, wrote to General Loring from Camp Bartow, to which he had returned, in obedience to undated instructions from Gen. H. R. Jackson, which read:

It appears, from this letter, that General Jackson wrote it on the morning of the 13th, after hearing from Rust of the failure of his movement; that Rust, on receipt of it, returned to his old camp, followed by his command, which probably reached there some time during the night of the 13th. Rust's letter to Loring reads:

The expedition against Cheat mountain failed. My command consisted of between 1,500 and 1,600 men. Got there at the appointed time, notwithstanding the rain. Seized a number of their pickets and scouts. Learned from them that the enemy was between 4,000 and 5,000 strong, and they reported them to be strongly fortified. Upon a reconnoissance, their representations were fully corroborated—a fort or block-house on the point or elbow of the road, intrenchments on the south, and outside of the intrenchments and all around up to the road heavy and impassable abatis, if enemy were not behind them. Colonel Barton, my lieutenant-colonel and all the field officers declared it would be madness to make an attack. We learned from the prisoners they were aware of your movements, and had been telegraphed for reinforcements, and I heard three pieces of artillery pass down toward your encampment while we were seeking to make an assault upon them.

I took the assistant commissary, and for one regiment I found


text:
Wikisource:Copyright discussions/Archives/2012-04

=Kept=

Maya Lin's original competition submission for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial
=Deleted=

Additions by Merlaysamuel all look copyright violations
=Other=

Drug Themes in Science Fiction
{{closed|1= PD-USGov, This discussion on the copy right status occurred prior to the two works Drug Themes in Science Fiction & Drug Themes in Fiction being created on WS. JeepdaySock (talk) 10:50, 28 March 2012 (UTC) |text= Hi. I might work on Drug Themes in Science Fiction, a requested text by User:Prosfilaes. I would like to mke sure there is no copyright issue on this, as it is dated 1974. In case it is OK, what is the right copyright tag for upload to Commons and to be cited in WS. Thanks--Mpaa (talk) 18:49, 3 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Looks to be {{tl|PD-US-no notice}}. Carl Lindberg (talk) 23:35, 5 March 2012 (UTC)

 * Per Amazon this 1974 work was "commissioned by the United States government" and we obviously have copy published by the US government in 1975, so I would use {{tl|PD-USGov}} in addition to {{tl|PD-US-no notice}}. JeepdaySock (talk) 11:40, 6 March 2012 (UTC)
 * To support the above statement, in the text, it is stated: This volume, part of a Research Issues Series, was prepared for the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) by Documentation Associates, Box 25892, Los Angeles, California, under Contract Number HSM-42-73-222.--Mpaa (talk) 20:29, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

Drug Themes in Fiction
Hi. I would like to request the same as above for the following related work: Drug Themes in Fiction. . If this needs a separate discussion for some reason, we might split the dicussion. --Mpaa (talk) 17:42, 7 March 2012 (UTC)
 * Looks like same logic applies to both works. JeepdaySock (talk) 11:33, 8 March 2012 (UTC)

}}


text:
Author:Gustav Kobbé

Works

 * Opera Singers: a pictorial souvenir (1901)
 * The Complete Opera Book (United States, 1919; United Kingdom, 1922)
 * Opera Singers: a pictorial souvenir (1901)
 * The Complete Opera Book (United States, 1919; United Kingdom, 1922)
 * The Complete Opera Book (United States, 1919; United Kingdom, 1922)
 * The Complete Opera Book (United States, 1919; United Kingdom, 1922)
 * The Complete Opera Book (United States, 1919; United Kingdom, 1922)
 * The Complete Opera Book (United States, 1919; United Kingdom, 1922)

title: Author:Gustav Kobbé


text:
Ryburn v. Huff

(Slip Opinion) Cite as: 565 U.S. ____ (2012)

Per Curiam

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

DARIN RYBURN, ET AL. v. GEORGE R. HUFF, ET AL.

ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

No. 11–208. Decided January 23, 2012

PER CURIAM.

Petitioners Darin Ryburn and Edmundo Zepeda, along with two other officers from the Burbank Police Department, responded to a call from Bellarmine-Jefferson High School in Burbank, California. When the officers arrived at the school, the principal informed them that a student, Vincent Huff, was rumored to have written a letter threatening to "shoot up" the school. App. to Pet. for Cert. 2. The principal reported that many parents, after hearing the rumor, had decided to keep their children at home. Ibid. The principal expressed concern for the safety of her students and requested that the officers investigate the threat. Id., at 42, 54–55.

In the course of conducting interviews with the principal and two of Vincent's classmates, the officers learned that Vincent had been absent from school for two days and that he was frequently subjected to bullying. Id., at 2. The officers additionally learned that one of Vincent's classmates believed that Vincent was capable of carrying out the alleged threat. Id., at 44. The officers found Vincent's absences from school and his history of being subjected to bullying as cause for concern. The officers had received training on targeted school violence and were aware that these characteristics are common among perpetrators of school shootings. Id., at 56–58, 63.

The officers decided to continue the investigation by interviewing Vincent. When the officers arrived at Vincent's house, Officer Zepeda knocked on the door and announced several times that the officers were with the

Burbank Police Department. No one answered the door or otherwise responded to Officer Zepeda's knocks. Sergeant Ryburn then called the home telephone. The officers could hear the phone ringing inside the house, but no one answered. Id., at 2.

Sergeant Ryburn next tried calling the cell phone of Vincent's mother, Mrs. Huff. When Mrs. Huff answered the phone, Sergeant Ryburn identified himself and inquired about her location. Mrs. Huff informed Sergeant Ryburn that she was inside the house. Sergeant Ryburn then inquired about Vincent's location, and Mrs. Huff informed him that Vincent was inside with her. Sergeant Ryburn told Mrs. Huff that he and the other officers were outside and requested to speak with her, but Mrs. Huff hung up the phone. Id., at 2–3.

One or two minutes later, Mrs. Huff and Vincent walked out of the house and stood on the front steps. Officer Zepeda advised Vincent that he and the other officers werethere to discuss the threats. Vincent, apparently aware of the rumor that was circulating at his school, responded, "I can't believe you're here for that." Id., at 3. Sergeant Ryburn asked Mrs. Huff if they could continue the discussion inside the house, but she refused. Ibid. In Sergeant Ryburn's experience as a juvenile bureau sergeant, it was "extremely unusual" for a parent to decline an officer's request to interview a juvenile inside. Id., at 3, 73–74. Sergeant Ryburn also found it odd that Mrs. Huff never asked the officers the reason for their visit. Id., at 73–74.

After Mrs. Huff declined Sergeant Ryburn's request to continue the discussion inside, Sergeant Ryburn asked her if there were any guns in the house. Mrs. Huff responded by "immediately turn[ing] around and r[unning] into the house." Id., at 3. Sergeant Ryburn, who was "scared because [he] didn't know what was in that house" and had "seen too many officers killed," entered the house behind her. Id., at 75. Vincent entered the house behind Ser-

geant Ryburn, and Officer Zepeda entered after Vincent. Officer Zepeda was concerned about "officer safety" and did not want Sergeant Ryburn to enter the house alone. Id., at 3. The two remaining officers, who had been standing out of earshot while Sergeant Ryburn and Officer Zepeda talked to Vincent and Mrs. Huff, entered the house last, on the assumption that Mrs. Huff had given Sergeant Ryburn and Officer Zepeda permission to enter. Id., at 3–4.

Upon entering the house, the officers remained in the living room with Mrs. Huff and Vincent. Eventually, Vincent's father entered the room and challenged the officers' authority to be there. The officers remained inside the house for a total of 5 to 10 minutes. During that time, the officers talked to Mr. Huff and Vincent. They did not conduct any search of Mr. Huff, Mrs. Huff, or Vincent, or any of their property. The officers ultimately concluded that the rumor about Vincent was false, and they reported their conclusion to the school. Id., at 4.

The Huffs brought this action against the officers under Rev. Stat. §1979, 42 U.S.C. §1983. The complaint alleges that the officers violated the Huffs' Fourth Amendment rights by entering their home without a warrant. Following a 2-day bench trial, the District Court entered judgment in favor of the officers. The District Court resolved conflicting testimony regarding Mrs. Huff's response to Sergeant Ryburn's inquiry about guns by finding that Mrs. Huff "immediately turned around and ran into the house." App. to Pet. for Cert. 3. The District Court concluded that the officers were entitled to qualified immunity because Mrs. Huff's odd behavior, combined with the information the officers gathered at the school, could have led reasonable officers to believe "that there could be weapons inside the house, and that family members or the officers themselves were in danger." Id., at 6. The District Court noted that "[w]ithin a very short period of time, the officers were

confronted with facts and circumstances giving rise to grave concern about the nature of the danger they were confronting." Id., at 6–7. With respect to this kind of "rapidly evolving incident," the District Court explained, courts should be especially reluctant "to fault the police for not obtaining a warrant." Id., at 7.

A divided panel of the Ninth Circuit affirmed the District Court as to the two officers who entered the house on the assumption that Mrs. Huff had consented, but reversed as to petitioners. The majority upheld the District Court's findings of fact, but disagreed with the District Court's conclusion that petitioners were entitled to qualified immunity. The majority acknowledged that police officers are allowed to enter a home without a warrant if they reasonably believe that immediate entry is necessary to protect themselves or others from serious harm, even if the officers lack probable cause to believe that a crime has been or is about to be committed. Id., at 24. But the majority determined that, in this case, "any belief that the officers or other family members were in serious, imminent harm would have been objectively unreasonable" given that "[Mrs. Huff] merely asserted her right to end her conversation with the officers and returned to her home." Id., at 25.

Judge Rawlinson dissented. She explained that "the discrete incident that precipitated the entry in this case was Mrs. Huff's response to the question regarding whether there were guns in the house." Id., at 31. She faulted the majority for "recit[ing] a sanitized account of this event: that differed markedly from the District Court's findings of fact, which the majority had conceded must be credited. Judge Rawlinson looked to "cases that specifically address the scenario where officer safety concerns prompted the entry" and concluded that, under the rationale articulated in those cases, "a police officer could have reasonably believed that he was justified in making a

warrantless entry to ensure that no one inside the house had a gun after Mrs. Huff ran into the house without answering the question of whether anyone had a weapon." Id., at 31, 33, 37.

Judge Rawlinson's analysis of the qualified immunity issue was correct. No decision of this Court has found a Fourth Amendment violation on facts even roughly comparable to those present in this case. On the contrary, some of our opinions may be read as pointing in the opposite direction.

In Brigham City v. Stuart, 547 U.S. 398, 400 (2006), we held that officers may enter a residence without a warrant when they have "an objectively reasonable basis for believing that an occupant is . ..imminently threatened with [serious injury]." We explained that "'[t]he need to protect or preserve life or avoid serious injury is justification for what would be otherwise illegal absent an exigency or emergency.'" Id., at 403 (quoting Mincey v. Arizona, 437 U.S. 385, 392 (1978)). In addition, in Georgia v. Randolph, 547 U.S. 103, 118 (2006), the Court stated that "it would be silly to suggest that the police would commit a tort by entering [a residence] . ..to determine whether violence . . . is about to (or soon will) occur."

A reasonable police officer could read these decisions to mean that the Fourth Amendment permits an officer to enter a residence if the officer has a reasonable basis for concluding that there is an imminent threat of violence. In this case, the District Court concluded that petitioners had such an objectively reasonable basis for reaching such a conclusion. The District Court wrote:

 * "[T]he officers testified that a number of factors led them to be concerned for their own safety and for the safety of other persons in the residence: the unusual behavior of the parents in not answering the door or the telephone; the fact that Mrs. Huff did not inquire

 * about the reason for their visit or express concern that they were investigating her son; the fact that she hung up the telephone on the officer; the fact that she refused to tell them whether there were guns in the house; and finally, the fact that she ran back into the house while being questioned. That behavior, combined with the information obtained at the school—that Vincent was a student who was a victim of bullying, who had been absent from school for two days, and who had threatened to 'shoot up' the school—led the officers to believe that there could be weapons inside the house, and that family members or the officers themselves were in danger." App. to Pet. for Cert. 6.

This belief, the District Court held, was "objectively reasonable," particularly since the situation was "rapidly evolving" and the officers had to make quick decisions. Id., at 6–7.

The panel majority—far removed from the scene and with the opportunity to dissect the elements of the situation—confidently concluded that the officers really had no reason to fear for their safety or that of anyone else. As the panel majority saw things, it was irrelevant that the Huffs did not respond when the officers knocked on the door and announced their presence and when they called the home phone because the Huffs had no legal obligation to respond to a knock on the door or to answer the phone. The majority attributed no significance to the fact that, when the officers finally reached Mrs. Huff on her cell phone, she abruptly hung up in the middle of their conversation. And, according to the majority, the officers should not have been concerned by Mrs. Huff's reaction when they asked her if there were any guns in the house because Mrs. Huff "merely asserted her right to end her conversation with the officers and returned to her home."

Id., at 25.

Confronted with the facts found by the District Court,reasonable officers in the position of petitioners could have come to the conclusion that there was an imminent threat to their safety and to the safety of others. The Ninth Circuit's contrary conclusion was flawed for numerous reasons.

First, although the panel majority purported to accept the findings of the District Court, it changed those findings in several key respects. As Judge Rawlinson correctly observed, "the discrete incident that precipitated the entry in this case was Mrs. Huff's response to the question regarding whether there were guns in the house." Id., at 31. The District Court's finding that Mrs. Huff "immediately turned around and ran into the house" implicitly rejected Mrs. Huff's contrary testimony that she walked into the house after telling the officers that she was going to get her husband. Id., at 3. The panel majority upheld the District Court's findings of fact and acknowledged that it could not reverse the District Court simply because it "may have weighed the testimony of the witnesses and other evidence in another manner." Id., at 15. But the panel majority's determination that petitioners were not entitled to qualified immunity rested on an account of the facts that differed markedly from the District Court's finding. According to the panel majority, Mrs. Huff "merely asserted her right to end her conversation with the officers and returned to her home" after telling the officers "that she would go get her husband." Id., at 12, 25.

Second, the panel majority appears to have taken the view that conduct cannot be regarded as a matter of concern so long as it is lawful. Accordingly, the panel majority concluded that Mrs. Huff's response to the question whether there were any guns in the house (immediately turning around and running inside) was not a reason for alarm because she was under no legal obligation to con-

tinue her conversation with the police. It should go without saying, however, that there are many circumstances in which lawful conduct may portend imminent violence.

Third, the panel majority's method of analyzing the string of events that unfolded at the Huff residence was entirely unrealistic. The majority looked at each separate event in isolation and concluded that each, in itself, did not give cause for concern. But it is a matter of common sense that a combination of events each of which is mundane when viewed in isolation may paint an alarming picture.

Fourth, the panel majority did not heed the District Court's wise admonition that judges should be cautious about second-guessing a police officer’s assessment, made on the scene, of the danger presented by a particular situation. With the benefit of hindsight and calm deliberation, the panel majority concluded that it was unreasonable for petitioners to fear that violence was imminent. But we have instructed that reasonableness "must be judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, rather than with the 20/20 vision of hindsight" and that "[t]he calculus of reasonableness must embody allowance for the fact that police officers are often forced to make split-second judgments—in circumstances that are tense, uncertain, and rapidly evolving." Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 396–397 (1989). Judged from the proper perspective of a reasonable officer forced to make a split-second decision in response to a rapidly unfolding chain of events that culminated with Mrs. Huff turning and running into the house after refusing to answer a question about guns, petitioners' belief that entry was necessary to avoid injury to themselves or others was eminently reasonable.

In sum, reasonable police officers in petitioners' position could have come to the conclusion that the Fourth Amendment permitted them to enter the Huff residence if

there was an objectively reasonable basis for fearing that violence was imminent. And a reasonable officer could have come to such a conclusion based on the facts as found by the District Court.

The petition for certiorari is granted, the judgment of the Ninth Circuit is reversed, and the case is remanded for the entry of judgment in favor of petitioners.

It is so ordered.

title: Ryburn v. Huff


text: Talk:Ryburn v. Huff

title: Talk:Ryburn v. Huff


text: Template:Coord/display/inline,title

title: Template:Coord/display/inline,title


text:
Page:Confederate Military History - 1899 - Volume 3.djvu/184

164 upon his person a requisition for 930 rations; also a letter indicating they had very little subsistence. I brought only one prisoner back with me. The cowardice of the guard (not Arkansan) permitted the others to escape. Spies had evidently communicated our movements to the enemy. The fort was completed, as reported by the different prisoners examined separately, and another in process of construction. We got near enough to see the enemy in the trenches beyond the abatis. The most of my command behaved admirably. Some I would prefer to be without upon any expedition.

General Jackson requests me to say that he is in possession of the first summit of Cheat mountain, and hopes you are doing something in Tygart's valley, and will retain command of it until he receives orders from your quarters. My own opinion is, that there is nothing to be gained by occupying that mountain. It will take a heavy force to take the pass, and at a heavy loss. I knew the enemy had four times my force; but for the abatis we would have made the assault. We could not get to them to make it. The general says in his note to me, his occupying Cheat mountain may bring on an engagement, but he is prepared, and will whip them if they come. I see from the postscript that he requests his note to me to be enclosed to you. I can only say that all human power could do toward success in my expedition failed of success. The taking of the picket looked like a providential interposition. I took the first one myself, being at the head of the column when I got to the road.

General Lee held his positions in Tygart's valley on the 12th and 13th and during a portion of the 14th, awaiting information from Rust, which he received through the preceding letter, on the morning of the 14th, after which he issued the following special order:

Gen. A. L. Long, in his Memoirs, referring to Colonel Rust's attack of September 12th, writes:

It was anxiously expected from early dawn throughout the day. On every side was continuously heard, "What has become of Rust?" "Why don't he attack?" "Rust must have lost his way!" The Tennesseeans under Anderson became so impatient that they requested to be led to the attack without waiting for Rust. But Anderson thought that he must be governed by the letter of his


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Clemens, Jeremiah


text:
User:Thehelpfulone

Hi! Welcome to my user page, please see my Meta-Wiki user page for more information about me. If you'd like to get in contact with me, please contact me on my Meta-Wiki talk page or by e-mail. The  Helpful   One

title: User:Thehelpfulone


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Clemens, Samuel Langhorne


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Clement, Clara Erskine


text:
User talk:Thehelpfulone

Hi! Welcome to my user talk page, please see my Meta-Wiki user page for more information about me. If you'd like to get in contact with me, please contact me on my Meta-Wiki talk page or by e-mail. The  Helpful   One

title: User talk:Thehelpfulone


text:
Page:Merry Muses of Caledonia.djvu/77

(　71　)

John Anderson my jo, John, I wonder what you mean, To rise so soon in the morning, And sit up so late at e'en? You'll blear out all your een, John. And why will you do so? Come sooner to your bed at e'en, John Anderson my jo. John Anderson my friend, John, When first you did begin, You had as good a tail-tree As ony ither man. But now 'tis waxen auld, John, And it waggles to and fro; And it never stands its lane now, John Anderson my jo.

John Anderson my jo, John, You can f—k where'er you please, Either in our warm bed, Or else aboon the claise; Or you shall have the horns, John, Upon your head to grow; That is a cuckold's malison, John Anderson my jo. So when you want to f—k, John, See that you do your best, When you begin to sh—g me, See that you grip me fast; See that you grip me fast, John, Until that I cry Oh! Your back shall crack, e'er I cry slack, John Anderson my jo.

title: Page:Merry Muses of Caledonia.djvu/77


text:
Page:Merry Muses of Caledonia.djvu/78

(　72　) Oh! but it is a fine thing To keek out o'er the dyke. But 'tis a muckle finer thing, When I see your hurdies fyke; When I see your hurdies fyke, John, And wriggle to and fro; 'Tis then I like your chaunter-pipe, John Anderson my jo.

I'm backit like a salmon, I'm breasted like a swan, My wame it is a down cod, My middle you may span; From my crown until my tae, John, I'm like the new-fa'n snow; And 'tis a' for your conveniency, John Anderson my jo.

title: Page:Merry Muses of Caledonia.djvu/78


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User talk:216.235.121.146

Hello, and welcome to Wikisource. We appreciate your contribution, but it unfortunately does not seem to be appropriate for Wikisource. Wikisource is a collection of previously published texts. If the page you contributed does not meet these requirements, it will be deleted shortly. Thank you. Beeswaxcandle (talk) 19:07, 8 April 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:216.235.121.146


text: Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Clement, Knut Jungbohn


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Oesterley, Karl Wilhelm

OESTERLEY, ẽ'stẽr-lî, (1805-91). A German historical painter, born at Göttingen, where he studied art-history at the university, before taking up painting in Dresden under Matthäi. After a sojourn in Rome (1825-29), he established himself as a lecturer at Göttingen, and in 1831 was appointed professor of art-history. He supplemented his studies in painting under Schadow at Düsseldorf (1835-38), then in Munich, where he gave his attention to the frescoes of Cornelius, and 1842 in Paris. In 1845, he became Court painter at Hanover. His best works include: “Jephtha's Daughter” (1835); “Leonore with Her Mother” (1847), after Bürger's ballad; “Memling Nursed by the Nuns at Bruges” (1866), all in the Hanover Museum. He also painted altarpieces and several portraits, and in fresco an “Ascension” (1838), in the Royal Chapel, Hanover. With Otfried Müller he edited at Göttingen Denkmäler der alten Kunst (1834-39). His son Karl (1839—), born at Göttingen, became a successful landscape painter. First instructed by his father, he studied afterwards under Bendemann and Deger at the Düsseldorf Academy, but turned from religious subjects, which he essayed originally, to landscape. His frequent study trips to Norway after 1870 resulted in the depiction of such scenes from those regions as “Raft Sound” (1879, Breslau Museum); “View on Salten Fjord” (1882, Hamburg Gallery); “Oldenvand on North Fjord” (1885, National Gallery, Berlin); and “Romsdal Fjord” (1891, Leipzig, Museum); all distinguished by lofty conception, brilliant coloring, and exquisite light effects.


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Oetinger, Friedrich Christoph

OETINGER, ẽ'tĭng-ẽr, (1702-82). A German theologian. He was born

at Güppingen, in Württemberg, and studied at the University of Tübingen, where he devoted himself to the philosophy of Leibnitz and Wolf. He also became intimate with Bengel, Francke, Spangenberg, and Zinzendorf. After traveling extensively he was appointed reader of theology in the University of Halle. In 1738 he was appointed pastor at Hirschau and became the leader of the Pietists in that part of Germany. About this time he became an earnest student of the writings of the mystic Bohme, and also an ardent disciple of Emanuel Swedenborg, some of whose writings he translated into German. In 1765 he published a treatise entitled Earthly and Heavenly Philosophy, which, with his translation of the works of Swedenborg, brought upon him the reprehension of his ecclesiastical superiors. Yet he was protected by the Duke of Württemberg, and was nominated to the superintendence of the churches in the district of Weinsberg, afterwards in that of Herrenberg, and subsequently appointed prelate at Murrhardt. His works, about seventy in number, were edited by Ehmann (11 vols., Stuttgart, 1858-63), and his autobiography by Hamberger (ib.. 1845). Consult his Life by Ehmann (Stuttgart, 1859), and Auberlen, Die Theosophie F. C. Oetingers nach ihren Grundzügen (Tübingen, 1847).


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OOD-BY, Daddy! Good-by, Daddy dear! Good-by, dear, darling Daddy!"

The four little Blossoms all tried to hug their father at once. They were at the station, where Sam and the car had brought them, and the train that was to take them on the first lap of the journey to Aunt Polly's farm was turning the curve down the track.

"Be good," said Father Blossom, speaking as clearly as he could with Dot hanging around his neck and Twaddles pounding his chest affectionately. "Help Mother all you can, and be sure to write me nice letters."

The long, shiny train glided into the station, and there was a scramble among the people waiting on the platform. Apparently every one wanted to be the first to get on. It took Mother and Father Blossom and Sam and the jolly conductor to see that all four of the little Blossoms


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46 and the two bags were stowed away comfortably in two seats.

Then Father Blossom and Sam got off and stood on the platform talking through the open window until the train began to move slowly.

"Good-by!" shouted the children. "Goodby, Daddy! Good-by, Sam!"

Meg leaned over Twaddles, who was seated next to the window.

"Don't forget to feed Philip," she cried.

Sam waved his hand to show that he heard, and understood, and the train went faster and faster. In a few minutes Oak Hill station was far behind them.

"Now we're started," announced Bobby, with satisfaction.

"Did my kiddie-car get on?" asked Twaddles anxiously. "S'posing they forgot it?"

"Is that why you were hanging round the baggage-room?" demanded Bobby. "Course the kiddie-car is on. I saw Mr. Hayes putting it on. You ask the conductor."

But the conductor, who came through presently for tickets, didn't know.


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Rh "I tell you what you do," he said, his eyes twinkling at Twaddles. "You ask the brakesman to take you into the baggage car and let you look around. Then you can see for yourself."

"But that is making a great deal of trouble," protested Mother Blossom. "You can easily wait till we get to Brookside, dear."

"Let him go, let him go," advised the conductor cheerily. "It will kind of break up the monotony of the trip, ma'am. These little folks are going to get pretty tired before they get to Alawana."

So Twaddles marched off importantly with the conductor to find the young, good-natured brakesman, and the three little Blossoms rather wished they could go, too.

"What happens when we get to Alawana, Mother?" asked Bobby. "Do we change cars?"

"No, dear, we take the boat," explained Mother Blossom. "If the train is on time we have an hour to wait, which will allow us to have lunch; then we take a steamer that takes us up Lake Tobago to Little Havre. There we take a stage, or a wagon, or whatever they have to


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48 meet the boat, and ride to Four Crossways; and there Aunt Polly meets us and drives us over to Brookside."

"Here comes Twaddles," announced Dot. "Did you find the kiddie car?" she asked.

"Yes, it's there," reported Twaddles, squeezing in past Meg, and climbing into his place beside his twin. "There's lots of trunks and things there, too."

During the long stretches when the train hummed steadily along and there was nothing to be seen from the car windows but miles and miles of green fields and woods with here and there a house, the children played a game Mother Blossom had known when she was a little girl.

"My ship is loaded with apples," Bobby would say.

"My ship is loaded with apricots," Meg would declare.

Dot usually had to think a minute.

"My ship is loaded with—with ashes," she might announce finally.


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Rh "My ship is loaded with at;" this from Twaddles.

"Oh, Twaddles!" Bobby would scold. "You can't load a ship with 'at.' That isn't anything."

"'Tis, too," maintained Twaddles stubbornly. "It begins with 'a,' doesn't it? And it's a word. So there."

If Twaddles had his way and was excused from thinking up another word, it would be Mother Blossom's turn.

"My ship is loaded with asters," she might say, smiling.

When no one could think of another word that began with A, they would go on to B. This game amused the children for many minutes at a time. They had just started on words beginning with C when the train reached Alawana.

"I'm hungry," declared Meg, when they all stood together on the platform and the train that had brought them from Oak Hill was nothing but a black speck in the distance. "We had breakfast an awful long time ago."


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50 "I guess it was yesterday," said Dot mournfully.

Mother Blossom laughed.

"Poor chickens, you are hungry," she said. "Never mind, I see a nice little restaurant across the street. Let me find out when the boat goes, and then we'll have a good, hot lunch."

The Lake Tobago boat, Mother Blossom found out, left in half an hour. Their train had been late. However, the dock was not far off, and Mother Blossom was sure they would have time for sandwiches and milk at least.

All the children were tremendously excited at the thought of going on a steamer, as not one of them had ever been on a boat. There was no lake or river near Oak Hill, and the largest body of water the four little Blossoms had seen was the town reservoir.

"If they have sails, I'm going to roll 'em up and down," Dot announced, so thrilled at the prospect that she upset her glass of milk down the front of her frock.

"You'll have to wear it," said Mother Blossom, mopping her as dry as she could with a


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Rh napkin. "Perhaps I can put a dry dress on you on the boat. Now try to eat quietly, dear; we haven't much time."

The shower-bath of milk rather subdued Dot for the moment, and lunch was finished without further mishap. Then a brief walk through the pretty little country town brought them to the lake.

"O-oh! Isn't it lovely!" breathed Meg. "Just see how it sparkles in the sun. Don't you like it, Dot?"

"It's all right," agreed Dot carelessly.

Her quick eyes had spied an old organ grinder and his monkey on the other side of the dock. She slipped under the rope, where the people who wanted to take the boat were standing, and ran over to the music.

"We needn't have hurried," said Mother Blossom, coming back to her little folk. She had been to the office to have the baggage checks looked after. "The boat is held up for another half hour because of some engine trouble. Where's Dot?"

Well, where was Dot? Meg had thought her


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52 little sister was standing next to her. The boys were sure she had been just behind them. Where was Dot?

She stood in the crowd gathered about the organ grinder, a little girl with shining dark eyes and a milk-splashed frock, watching the clever bowing and scraping of the small monkey with evident delight. Then a sudden movement of the people about her startled her. She remembered that she was supposed to go somewhere with the rest of her family. She saw people hurrying toward a large automobile with nine or ten long seats in it, and she hurried toward it, too. A man helped her up the high step, and she found a seat just behind the driver.

The automobile was lumbering up a narrow white road with woods on either side of it before Dot realized where she was.

"Why, this isn't the boat!" she said aloud.

The lady seated next to her glanced at her curiously.

"The boat?" she repeated. "This jitney goes to Fermarsh. You're not traveling all alone, are you, little girl? You don't look more'n five."


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Rh "I was four in June," announced Dot with dignity. "Twaddles was, too. We're twins. But I have to go to Little Havre on the boat."

"You're going in the opposite direction," said the woman placidly. She did not seem to care. "What's that on your dress?"

Dot's tears brimmed over.

"Milk," she sobbed. "I tipped it over. An' I have to go on the boat with my mother."

The jitney driver heard and turned.

"What's this?" he asked. "You belong on the boat, little girl? Well, now, don't cry; we'll fix it. I heard they had engine trouble to-day, and like as not they'll be late starting. Long up the road a spell we'll meet the two o'clock jitney coming back, and I'll see that Dave Gunn takes you in with him. An' if you do miss the boat my wife'll take care of you over night and we'll ship you up to Little Havre on to-morrow's boat."

Dot felt that the jitney driver was very kind, but she hoped with all her heart that she would not have to stay all night in a strange house. She wanted her mother, and Twaddles and Meg and


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54 Bobby. She hadn't known till this minute how dearly she loved them.

Sure enough, their jitney had not gone very far when they saw another jitney coming toward them.

"Hi, Dave!" called the driver of Dot's jitney. "Got a passenger for you. A little lady who tangled up her traveling directions and missed getting on the boat. You take her with you, and see that she lands on the steamer."

Mr. Gunn stopped his machine and came over to the other jitney.

"Come on, Sister," he said pleasantly, lifting Dot down gently.

"Why, you are little to be traveling on your own. I've got three home 'bout your size."

Mother Blossom, as you may suppose, had been nearly frantic all this time. She had taken the other children on board the boat and had left them on deck with the bags, after they had promised not to stir from the spot where she left them, and she had been going up and down the dock making inquiries, and even walking up


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Rh into the town, believing that perhaps some of the store windows had attracted Dot.

No one remembered seeing a little girl in a green dress and a brown straw hat.

Just as Mother Blossom was wearily wondering if she should telegraph Father Blossom that Dot was lost, a motor jitney lumbered down to the dock. Some one in a green dress and a brown straw hat was sitting on the front seat beside the driver.

"Mother! Mother!" shouted Dot.

There was just time for her to tumble out of the car into her mother's arms, just time for Mother Blossom to give the driver a dollar bill and say a word of thanks, and then the steamboat whistle blew loudly once.

"That means she's starting," said the jitney man. "Run!"

And hand in hand, Mother Blossom and Dot raced down the wharf and over the gangplank on to the deck of the boat, just as it began to slide away.


text: Four Little Blossoms at Brookside Farm/Chapter 5


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Oettingen, Alexander von

OETTINGEN, , (1827—). A German theologian. He was born at Vissust, near Dorpat, and studied at Erlangen, Bonn, and Berlin. From 1854 to 1891 he was professor of theology at Dorpat. He published, among many other theological treatises, Die Moralische und die christliche Sittenlehre (1868-74), which is his chief work; Wahre und falsche Autorität (1878); and Theorie und Praxis des Heiratens (1892).


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 great lawyer, Reverdy Johnson, that such a tribunal had no jurisdiction to try the case, and it was afterwards expressedly so decided in Ex parte Milligan, 4th Wallace. But this commission convicted this woman, who even such a creature as Ben Butler said was perfectly innocent, thereby bringing themselves within the principle stated by Lord Brougham in a famous case, when he said: "When the laws can act, every other mode of punishing supposed crimes is itself an enormous crime."

In all our reading, we know of no man whose merits have been so exaggerated and whose demerits have been so minimized as have those of Abraham Lincoln. Indeed, this course has been so insistently and persistently pursued by some Northern writers that it amounts to a patent perversion of the truth, and a positive fraud on the public.

General Don Piatt, an officer in the Federal Army, a man of character and culture, says:

"With us, when a leader dies, all good men go to lying about him. * * * Abraham Lincoln has almost disappeared from human knowledge. I hear of him, and I read of him in eulogies and biographies, but I fail to recognize the man I knew in life." (Facts and Falsehoods, p. 36-7; Men Who Saved the Union, p. 28.)

William H. Herndon, Mr. Lincoln's close friend and law partner for twenty years, who, we are informed, wrote a biography of him in 1866, which is said to have been bought up and suppressed, simply because it told the unvarnished truth, said:

"I deplore the many publications pretending to be biographies of Lincoln, which teemed from the press so long as there was hope for gain. Out of the mass of these works, of only one (Holland's) is it possible to speak with any degree of respect." (Facts and Falsehoods, p. 37; Lamon's Preface, iii.)

And Ward Hill Lamon, who was Mr. Lincoln's close friend and at one time his law partner, who was especially selected by Mr. Lincoln to accompany him on his midnight journey to the capital when he was to be inaugurated, who was appointed by him marshal


text:
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A.D. 1452. gations, or any of them, so to be made as is aforesaid, that then the said Obligation or Obligations, and all Process and Execution sued, or to be pursued thereupon, shall be void, and of no Force nor Effect. (5) And if it be found by Examination before them, that the said Obligation or Obligations, or any of them, were made, or shall be found to be made, for a true Duty, and by no such Means as afore is said, that then the said Obligation or Obligations, and all the Process and Execution sued, or to be pursued thereupon, shall stand good and effectual. (6) And if it be so that the Person or Persons in such Writs named, or to be named, against whom any such Letters or Writs hereafter shall be sued, make Default at the Day and Place limited in the same Writ or Writs, that then all such Obligation or Obligations as be before specified and declared, and in the said Writ or Writs expressed, declared, and specified, and all Manner of Process and Execution sued, or to be sued thereupon, shall be void, and of no Force nor Effect ; (7) and that the said Sheriff or Sheriffs, to whom such Writ or Writs upon this Ordinance hereafter commenced, shall be directed, shall execute the said Writs according to the Tenour of the same, upon Pain of Three hundred Pounds, whereof our Sovereign Lord the King to have the one Half, and the other Half to the Party which shall sue the said Writ of Proclamation. (8) And that the said Party so grieved may have an Action of Debt in every such Case against the said Sheriff, for the Half of the said Three hundred Pounds so forfeit, with Process of Outlawry. (9) And that the Party or Parties Defendants in any such Action hereafter to be pursued against any Sheriff or Sheriffs, shall alledge no Protection, nor shall wage his Law, nor shall be received to make or plead any foreign Plea, to be tried in any other Place than there where the said Writ grounded upon this Statute is sued.

ENRY by the Grace of King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, the Sixth after the Conquest, at his Parliament holden at Westminster the Ninth Day of July, the Three and thirtieth Year of his Reign, by the Advice and Assent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and the Commons of his Realm of England, being in the same Parliament, and by Authority of the same Parliament, made and ordained certain Ordinances and Statutes, for the common Wealth of the same Realm, in the Form following.

IRST, Our foresaid Lord the King, considering how that of late Time divers Household-Servants, as well of Lords, as of other Persons of good Degree, shortly after the Death of their said Lords and Masters, violently and riotously have taken and spoiled the


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 of the District of Columbia, who was probably his closest and most confidential friend and adviser during his whole official life, says immediately after his assassination, "there was the fiercest rivalry as to who should canonize him in the most solemn words, who should compare him to the most sacred character in all history. He was prophet, priest and king. He was Washington. He was Moses. He was likened to Christ the Redeemer. He was likened to God." (Facts and Falsehoods, p. 9; Lamon, 312.)

Again says Lamon: "Lincoln's apotheosis was not only planned but executed by men who were unfriendly to him while he lived, and that the deification took place with showy magnificence some time after the great man's lips were sealed in death. Men who had exhausted the resources of their skill and ingenuity in venomous detraction of the living Lincoln, especially during the last years of his life, were the first when the assassin's bullet had closed the career of the great-hearted statesman to undertake the self-imposed task of guarding his memory—not as a human being endowed with mighty intellect and extraordinary virtues, but as a god." (Lamon's Recollections of Lincoln, p. 169.)

And again he says:

For days and nights after his assassination "it was considered treason to be seen in public with a smile on the face. Men who spoke evil of the fallen chief, or ventured a doubt concerning the ineffable purity and saintliness of his life, were pursued by mobs, were beaten to death with paving stones, or strung up by the neck to lamp posts." (Lamon, 312.)

We shall attempt to show you that this whole apotheosis business not only took place, as Lamon says, after Mr. Lincoln's assassination, and because of the manner of his death, but why it was begun then, and has continued until this day.

We have already said that Mr. Lincoln was the first President of the Republican party. He was the official head of that party through the most terrible and trying conflict recorded in history. The leaders of that party were, and are still, in need of a real hero. They knew that they and their conduct would be judged by the character and conduct of their official head. The country was stunned and dazed by the assassination of this leader—the first assassination of the kind in its history. The South was prostrate


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 and helpless at the feet of the North, and its leaders charged with complicity in that awful crime. That time, of all others, afforded the leaders of the Republican party—always quick and bold in action the opportunity to deify this its first President; and those leaders, with a stroke of audacity and genius never surpassed, seized upon that opportunity and manufactured a false glamour with which they have surrounded the name and fame of their chosen head calculated to deceive the "very elect"; and they have so persisted in their efforts in this direction, from that day to this, that the lapse of nearly half a century has failed to dispel the delusions manufactured at that time and amid these surroundings by these people. Mr. Lincoln is credited with the saying:

"'You can fool some of the people all the time; you can fool all the people some of the time, but it is impossible to fool all the people all the time.'"

We believe the time is coming, if it is not already here, when the scales will fall from the eyes of a great many in regard to the true history and character of this chosen hero of the North.

Of course, within the limits of this paper, we shall make no attempt to do more than to give some glimpses of the true character, characteristics and conduct of Mr. Linclon, nor shall we attempt to follow his biographers in their details of the career and conduct of this enigmatical man.

Lamon says he was "morbid, moody, meditative, thinking much of himself, and the things pertaining to himself, regarding other men as instruments furnished to hand for the accomplishment of views which he knew were important to him, and therefore considered important to the public. Mr. Lincoln was a man apart from the rest of his kind. * * * He seemed to make boon companions of the coarsest men on the list of his acquaintances—low, vulgar, unfortunate creatures." * * * "It was said that he had no heart—that is, no personal attachments warm and strong enough to govern his passions. It was seldom that he praised anybody, and when he did, it was not a rival or an equal in the struggle for popularity and power." * * * "No one knew better how to damn with faint praise, or to divide the glory of another by being the


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E thought you weren't coming," said Meg anxiously.

"Where did you find Dot?" asked Bobby and Twaddles in the same breath.

Dot smiled serenely.

"I came back myself," she informed them. "The jitney man told me how."

Mother Blossom sat down on a camp-stool and fanned herself with Twaddles' blue sailor hat.

"See if we can't get to Brookside without any more mishaps," she commanded the children. "If we had missed the boat, think of the worry and trouble for Aunt Polly. Even if we telegraphed she wouldn't get it before she started over to meet us."

The four little Blossoms promised to be very good and to stay close together.

Lake Tobago was a small lake, very pretty, and for some minutes the children saw enough on the shores they were passing to keep them


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Rh contented and interested. In one place two little boys and their father were out fishing in a rowboat and the steamer passed so close to them that the four little Blossoms, leaning over the rail, could almost shake hands with them.

"There's another wharf! Do we stop there? Yes, we do! Come on, Dot, let's watch!" shouted Twaddles, as the steamer headed inshore toward a pier built out into the water.

"Keep away from the gangplank," warned Mother Blossom. "You mustn't get in people's way, dear."

The pier was something of a disappointment, because when the boat tied up there the children discovered that only freight was to be taken off and more boxes carried on. There was only one man at the wharf, and apparently no town for miles.

"Doesn't anybody live here?" asked Twaddles, almost climbing over the rail in his eagerness to see everything.

"Sure! There's a town back about half a mile," explained the deck-hand who was


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58 on a crate of live chickens. "This is just where farmers drive in with their stuff."

"Let me see the chickens," cried Dot, climbing up beside her brother.

Her elbow knocked his hat, and because he hadn't the elastic under his chin, it went sailing over on to the wharf. One of the men rolling a barrel toward the steamer did not see the hat and calmly rolled his barrel over it.

"Now you've done it!" scolded Meg, in her big-sister anxiety. "That's a fine-looking hat to go to see Aunt Polly in. Hey, please, will you bring it back here with you?"

The man with the barrel heard and turned. He picked up the shapeless broken straw that had been Twaddles' best new hat, and brought it to them, grinning. Several people who had been watching laughed.

"It does look funny, doesn't it?" said Meg. "You'd better go and show it to Mother, Twaddles."

Twaddles went back to Mother Blossom and dangled his hat before her sadly.

"Oh, Twaddles!" she sighed. "Is that your


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Rh hat? And we're miles from a store. Here, let me straighten out the brim. What happened to it? Where did you go?"

Twaddles said truthfully enough that he hadn't been anywhere, and explained what had happened to the hat. The boat was out in the lake again by this time and steaming on toward Little Havre.

"Where are the others?" asked Mother Blossom. "Tell them we get off in fifteen or twenty minutes, and I want them all to come and stay near me."

Presently the boat scraped alongside a wide wharf and a number of people began to bustle off.

"Where are we going now?" asked Twaddles, his round eyes dancing with excitement. Twaddles certainly loved traveling.

"Don't you 'member?" said Meg importantly. "We have to go to Four Crossways, and Aunt Polly will meet us. There's a bus that says 'Four Crossways,' Mother."

Mother Blossom had to see about the trunks and the kiddie-car, which, it seemed, were all


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60 to go in a queer contrivance attached to the motor bus, a "trailer," the driver called it.

"Isn't that nice?" beamed Bobby, when he heard of this arrangement. "Our trunks will get there the same time we do."

The children watched this trailer being loaded, and then all climbed into the bus and began the journey to Four Crossways. There were so many people on their way there that Bobby and Twaddles had to be squeezed into the front seat between the driver and the man who took the fares, and they liked this immensely.

"We're going to Brookside," volunteered Twaddles, who was sociably inclined, as soon as the driver seemed to have his engine fixed to suit him and the car was purring up the straight, wide road.

"To see Aunt Polly," chimed in Bobby.

"There's a lot of you, isn't there?" said the driver, smiling.

When both boys said they had never been on a real farm, the driver, whose name, he told them, was Gus Rede, had so much to say about


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Rh the fun that awaited boys on a farm and especially such a fine place as Brookside that before Bobby and Twaddles knew it the bus had driven up to the post-office and there was dear Aunt Polly waiting to welcome them.

"Bless their hearts," she said warmly, when she had kissed Mother and had hold of a child with either hand. "Are they all tired out, poor lambs? It's a fearful place to get to, especially the first trip."

Mother Blossom assured her sister that they were all right, and as glad to see her as she was to see them.

"I left the car around on a side street," explained Aunt Polly, leading the way. "You see so many horses are still afraid of automobiles that we think it more thoughtful not to leave 'em standing on the main street. Yes, I drove over alone for you—either Peter or Jud will come over to-morrow for your trunks."

This last was in response to a question Mother Blossom had asked.

Aunt Polly's car was large enough to hold them all comfortably. Dot and Twaddles fell


text:
User:Deepu

Name: Deepu Sanakr Place: Changanacherry Presently living in Dubai

title: User:Deepu


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62 into a little doze, leaning against Mother Blossom. They had had rather a long day. But Meg and Bobby sat up very straight and asked questions whenever Aunt Polly was not speaking to their mother.

"Who's Peter and Jud?" Bobby wanted to know first.

"Peter Apgar is my tenant farmer and runs the farm for me," said Aunt Polly, pulling over to one side of the road to let a huge load of hay go past. "Jud is his son. You'll like Jud. They live in a house about a quarter of a mile from our house."

"How is Spotty?" came from Meg. "I thought maybe you'd bring him with you."

"Spotty is very lively and well," answered Aunt Polly. "I like a farm dog to stay at home and watch things, so I've never trained him to ride in the car with me. By the way, Meg, we have a new addition to our animal family that I'm sure you'll like."

Meg was immediately curious—what was it?

"The blackest cat you ever saw," said Aunt Polly. "And I think probably the largest. He


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Rh is so shiny, and not a white hair on him! He belonged to the people on the next farm, but spent about half his time with me; so when they sold and moved away last week Poots was given to me to keep."

"Is that his name—Poots?" inquired Meg. "How funny!"

"Well, he's a funny cat," replied her aunt. "And now, children, if you look sharp you'll see Brookside!"

She turned the car into a neat graveled roadway which parted a pretty concrete wall exactly in half, while Twaddles was puzzling how those things that looked to him like chickens could ever turn into big juicy turkeys.

Eagerly the four little Blossoms tumbled out. They saw a compact, modern house that looked even from the outside as if one might find all sorts of unexpected corners within. A green lawn bordered each side of the driveway, and in one direction was a red-tiled house with smoke coming out of the chimney and in another a birdhouse perched on a high pole near the gate the four little Blossoms had just come through.


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64 Bobby spied the other house and Meg saw the home for the birds, just as people always see whatever they are most interested in first.

"Flowers!" said Dot.

She had seen the hollyhocks that stood up straight and tall against the fence that shut off the back of Aunt Polly's house.

Peter Apgar had come up to take the car and perhaps to see the new arrivals. The four little Blossoms liked him at once, and when he spoke in a soft, lazy drawl that was good-nature itself they knew he was going to be a good friend.

"Can't say you're lonesome now, Miss Polly," he chuckled pleasantly. He always called her Miss Polly, never Mrs. Hayward. "And I guess Jud is as good as useless to me the rest of the summer. What these youngsters don't think up to do, he will," the farmer added, with a broad grin.


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 THE

RICHMOND:

1864.

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 Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1864 by

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Confederate States for the Eastern District of Virginia.

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The Publishers, with much diffidence, present to the public the first volume of "" They would not, however, appear to magnify the imperfections of the work by begging the indulgence of its readers. The circumstances under which it is issued at this time are patent to all who have lived in our midst through even the last six months of the great struggle of which it is in part commemorative. That the work is incomplete is a fact which requires no apology, the struggle itself being incomplete. That it does not appear in the flashing garb of enameled paper, and blue and gold, is an incident which anticipates excuse. The Publishers base their confidence of its kind reception on the merit of accuracy, and they give it to the country as a record in which the reader may find pleasure, and from which the historian may gather information with assurance of its truth. The series will consist of four or more volumes, each of which will be issued in rapid succession as circumstances will permit. The engravings been executed with care and skill, and are taken from special photographs obtained by the Publishers themselves. The biographical sketches, which accompany them, are made up from official reports and private information from the most reliable sources. The enterprise is one which has long been contemplation, and at an early period of last year a revision of data was commenced, with a view to the speedy publication of the work. The interruptions and disappointments consequent upon the state of affairs delayed it however, and it appearance was postponed. Were we to wait the consummation of all the arrangements which had been made, the publication would still be delayed for several months, but we prefer to commence with the opening of Spring, and take a fair start with the early birds of the proverbial season of new books, even though it be at the expense of having to appear in a garb less inviting than our own taste would desire. The succeeding volumes will excel the present on in this respect. With this brief explanation we commit the First volume to the Reader.

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"The living and the dead are here!" We ask ourselves in vain how many of those whose immortality await fruition in the touch of death will have taken their places in the halls of the Eternal ere the concluding volumes of our work are given to the world. Hope, with its golden veil, hides from as all save the smiles of the Future. But we have seen the Past, and are familiar with its characteristics. Our soldiers are brave. That courage which defends, that heroism which dares, that fire of soul which burns a path of fury through a sea of terrors, stand recorded over their unnumbered graves and glisten in the memorial light of their tattered flags. In this Revolution all are heroes. Each leader is not only a representative, but an impersonation. His heart is the heart of the Army. The sympathy is sublime—it than love—it is almost adoration! That vast and terrible aggregation of armed men which suddenly leaped from the bosom of the South, early in the Spring of 1861, was no pulseless, cold and mere obedient machine. Its firm and regular tread, as it massed on the bristling borders of the North, or moved in stately columns along the shadowless wastes "down by the sounding sea," was not the step of a "standing army." That monstrous accumulation of human puppets fell to the fortune of the enemy. The animus of independence gathered its propelling force in every breast of the great uprising mass of Southern patriots, and sent them, with resistless momentum, forward, everywhere, to the field of danger. There was no impediment in space—no quiver in the speeding nerve. They shot from point to point like comets, sweeping along the surface of the earth.

This will be known in the future as the spirit of '61. Then came Sumter, and Bethel, and Manassas. The tufted green of patriarchal pines that had peacefully nodded in the winds of eighty summers; the slopes of verdure on whose cushioned surface had shone for many a year the starry tracks of angels, over which the bee and fairy butterfly swam, in the fragrant, sunny air; the weird and perfumed thicket, and the dell, mossy and shadowy and secluded; and the innumerable fields of laughing grain; and the haunted solitudes and romance-breathing streams—threw off their sweet immaculate illusions, and breathed the sulphurous atmosphere of War. Peace, that hung in haloes around the flashing, umencrimsoned bayonets of our hero-legions; Peace, that whispered in the music of the sea and stayed the crash of the yet impending conflict; Peace, that stole its silvery way along the eve of battle, and smiled, transfigured, in the dawn of victory, fled. A star had fallen, and it was the star of. It fell among the visions of the past. The summer and the winter rolled away, grim with death, but bright with triumph

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Rh to Southern arms. Then a year of disaster came and red fires lit up the horizon. The lurid gleam shone horrible with visions of dismay, distress and shame, and the pain went home to myriads of Southern hearts. Another year, grand with victories, terrible in carnage, swept in full-orbed glory by. We turn from the threshold of the fourth to look back through the vista of fire, and view, amidst its sacred scenery, the features of the dead!

Animate in death, in battle front, gory on breast and cheek and arm, and palled in the smoke of the first Manassas, and  lie. Upon the blooming prairies of Kentucky another battle "rides upon the storm," and the noble falls expiring under the very gaze of the exultant foe. Still deeper on the distance of the West, under a storm of lead, brave men, mingling with their allied brothers of the forest, mourn over and, whose priceless blood the thirsty sod drinks in beneath their feet. At Shiloh a martyr falls. In the mountainous wilds of Northern Virginia, the, sublime in deeds, almost invulnerable, pour out their life. The young and chivalrous accepts, on the treacherous shores of Roanoke Island, that "other choice" of heroes—death—and dies in triumph, though a captive; and the brave and brilliant  falls in the deadly fray that illuminates the arms of  men in the charge at Hanover.

But wept by the very stars of Heaven, that trembled as they looked upon those midnight flashes in the Wilderness, the bleeding form of the Achilles of the South,, meets, with its drapery of sadness, the wandering gaze—on which a country calls in vain and will not realize her loss—for

The scene ends not here; but the review becomes burthensome with sorrow. The living still must add, alas! to the endless roll of death. As in the past, a fiery and uncalculating courage has marked both the men and leaders of the Southern Army, we must anticipate for the future many and costly sacrifices. We have many, as the record of these pages will attest, yet to adorn the field and inspire the charge; but none, none to spare. As the war drags its slow length along, all will be needed, and though it seems not in their nature, we yet trust that it will be in their power, to husband their courage and succeed.

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146 Etzel; for the legend was not troubled by the fact that Attila was dead before Theodoric was born. Bern is the name given to Verona, and legend saw Theodoric's castle in that most beautiful of Roman amphitheatres, where the traveller still may sit and meditate on many things. It is told also that Theodoric recovered his kingdom in the legendary Rabenschlacht fought by Ravenna's walls. Old Hildebrand was his master-at-arms, who had fled with him. In the Nibelungen it is he that cuts down Kriemhild, Etzel's queen, before the monarch's eyes; for he could not endure that a woman's hand had slain Gunther and Hagen, whom, exhausted at last, Dietrich's strength had set before her helpless and bound. And now, after years of absence, he has recrossed the mountains with his king come to claim his kingdom, and before the armies he challenges the champion of the opposing host. Here the Old German poem, which is called the Hildebrandslied, takes up the story:

There is a break here in the poem; but the uncontrolled son evidently taunted the father with cowardice. The old warrior cries:

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