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 Terrific gales occasionally rage here. We saw the devastating traces of one such, in myriads of half-prostrate young pine-trees. The sides which had been exposed to the gale were withered and shrivelled as if smitten by fire. Pines have been very extensively planted all round Auckland. They form quite a feature in the scenery, and seem to thrive luxuriantly in the volcanic soil. So, alas, do briars and the Scotch whins or furze, which some enthusiastic idiot has at some former time introduced from a mistaken sentiment of patriotism.

The furze, with its aggressive spikes and golden blossom, is becoming ubiquitous all over New Zealand, and promises to become as great a nuisance, in its way, as the briars of the west, or the prickly pear of the north, are in New South Wales.

title: Page:Our New Zealand Cousins.djvu/32


text: Our New Zealand Cousins/Chapter 1

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Our New Zealand Cousins/Chapter 1


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286 of its importance in the field of external defence as well as of internal security, its working would remain a matter of joint concern to Her Majesty's Government and to the Federation Government. (The Conference decided not to include in its published Report its agreed conclusions and recommendations on security intelligence. They are contained in the Report of the Defence and Internal Security Committee of the Conference).

(2)

 * (a)

It was recognised that the attainment of full self-government implied the principle of financial self-sufficiency, but it was agreed that certain particular measures of financial assistance by Her Majesty's Government would continue to be available to the Federation Government even after full self-government had been attained, and that, if the Emergency had not by then been brought to an end, Her Majesty's Government would still be prepared to consider with the Federation Government whether the financial needs of the Federation would justify special assistance from Her Majesty's Government towards meeting the cost of the Emergency over and above the substantial assistance which will continue to be given through the forces and services provided by the United Kingdom to sustain the fight against the communist terrorists.

(b)

The Conference recorded the repeated assurance by the Malayan Delegation that it would remain the policy of the Federation Government to encourage overseas investment, industry and enterprise to look to Malaya with every assurance of fair and considerate treatment and without fear of discrimination. This included continuation of the present policy whereby the oversess investor could, after payment of local taxes and obligations, remit to his country, within the framework of ordinary and reasonable exchange control requirements, funds for the payment of dividends and for the repatriation of his capital.

3

The arrangements for a Public Service Commission and a lump-sum compensation scheme set out in II(4) above will remain in operation.

(4)

The constitutional pattern proposed for a fully self-governing Federation of Malaya will emerge from the work of the Constitutional Commission described in III above.


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Page:Cabinet federation of malaya 21-02-1956.pdf/1

 the national archives

(c) crown copyright

Catalogue Reference:CAB/129/79

Image Reference:0047


text:
Pirate Party Declaration of Principles

 * Version 1.0 was never published in English
 * Version 2.0, January 2006
 * Version 3.0, February 2006
 * Version 3.1, January 2008
 * Version 3.2, December 2008
 * Version 3.3, March 2009
 * Version 3.4, April 2010
 * Version 4.0, May 2012

Piratpartiets principprogram

title: Pirate Party Declaration of Principles


text: Category:PD-self

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Page:Cabinet federation of malaya 21-02-1956.pdf/7

259

11. We agree that steps should be taken to enable the  Federation armed forces to be administratively self-contained. At present their administration is integrated with that of the United Kingdom forces, and is largely carried out by Headquarters Malaya on behalf of the Federation Government. The process of setting up self-contained administrative machinery for the Federation forces must take time, but meanwhile there should be set up forthwith on a statutory basis a Federation Armed Forces Council, which would be a permanent body, quite distinct from the Emergency Operations Council discussed in paragraph 10, The process of building up the necessary administrative substructure will be carried out under the aegis and direction of this body.

12. The functions, of the Council and the distribution of responsibilities to its individual members will broadly correspond to the practice obtaining in the Army and Air Councils in the United Kingdom. The membership of the Council will at first be:

 * The Minister for Internal Defence and Security - Chairman;

 * A representative of Their Highnesses Rulers;

 * The General Officer Commanding the Federation Army (who would be seconded by Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom, and be appointed by and, be responsible to the Federation Government);

 * Two other professional members corresponding to the United Kingdom Adjutant-General (who deals with personnel matters) and Quartermaster-General (who deals with stores and equipment);

 * The senior civil servant in the Ministry of Internal Defence and Security.

A representative of Headquarters Malaya will be available to attend when required so long as the Federation army is dependent on administrative support from Headquarters Malaya. We consider that this Council should handle administrative questions concerning the existing and future Federation Naval and Air Forces as well as Army matters.

13. In the light of the provisions and practice in the United Kingdom regarding handling of Service matters, we consider that the following principles are applicable to the Federation:-

 * (i) the armed forces are forces of the State (as represented by the Head of State) and are raised and maintained by the Head of State in accordance with legislative authority;

 * (ii) so far as the armed forces themselves are concerned, their affairs will be regulated by the Armed Forces Council and not by any individual;

 * (iii) so far as the Executive and Legislative Councils are concerned, the Minister, as Chairman of the Armed Forces Council, will be responsible for the administration of the armed forces;

 * (iv) subject to the Minister's general responsibility to the Head of State, on whose authority all appointments are made, personnel matters will in practice be dealt with, up to a certain level, by the professional member of the Armed Forces Council corresponding to the Adjutant-General in the United Kingdom, and beyond that level, in relation to very senior posts, by consultation between the Head of State, the Minister and the senior Service advisers of the Government;

 * (v) the Armed Forces Council, in accordance with United Kingdom practice, will not direct the operational use of the armed forces. Policy decisions governing the use of the forces will be taken in Executive Council.

(31813)


text:
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 on 13th a Protocol dated 10th July, 1841, to the following effect :

difficulties in which His Highness the Sultan found himself placed, and which decided him to call for the support and aid of the Courts of Austria, Great Britain, Prussia, and Russia, having now been smoothed, and Mehemet Ali having made to His Highness the Sultan the act of submission which the convention of 15th July was intended to bring about, the Representatives of the Powers which signed the said convention have recognised that, independently of the execution of the temporary measures resulting from that convention, it is especially desirable to consecrate, in the most formal manner, the respect due to the ancient rule of the Ottoman Empire, in virtue of which it has been at all times prohibited to the vessels of war of foreign Powers to enter the Straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus.

This principle being by its nature of a general and permanent application, the respective Plenipotentiaries, provided with the orders of their respective Courts to that effect, have come to the conclusion that, to manifest the agreement and union which preside over the intentions of all the Courts in the interest of the consolidation of the peace of Europe, it would be proper to mark the respect due to the principle above-mentioned by means of an Act in which France should be invited to join, on the invitation and in accordance with the wish of His Highness the Sultan.

That Act being of a nature to offer to Europe a pledge of the union of the four Powers, the principal Secretary of State of Her Britannic Majesty having the Department of Foreign Affairs, in agreement with the Plenipotentiaries of the four Powers, has undertaken to bring that object to the knowledge of the French Government, by inviting it to share in the Act by which, the Sultan, of the one part, would declare his firm resolution to maintain in the future the above-mentioned principle, and the five Powers, of the other part, would announce their unanimous determination to respect this principle and to conform themselves to it. ESTERHAZY. NEUMANN. PALMERSTON. BULOW. BRUNNOW. CHEKIB.

A Convention was accordingly signed on the same day by


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 the Plenipotentiaries of the same Powers and of France as follows :

Majesties the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great of 13th Britain and Ireland, the Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, the King of the French, the King of Prussia, and the Emperor of all the Russias, being persuaded that their union and their agreement offer to Europe the most certain pledge for the preservation of the general peace, the constant object of their solicitude ; and their said Majesties being desirous of testifying this agreement, by giving to the Sultan a manifest proof of the respect which they entertain for the inviolability of his Sovereign rights, as well as of their sincere desire to see consolidated the repose of his Empire ; their said Majesties have resolved to comply with the invitation of His highness the Sultan, in order to record in common, by a formal Act, their unanimous determination to confirm to the ancient rule of the Ottoman Empire, according to which the passage of the Straits of the Dardanelles and of the Bosphorus is always to be closed to foreign ships of war, so long as the Porte is at peace.

Their said Majesties, on the one part, and His Highness the Sultan, on the other part, having resolved to conclude between them a Convention on this subject, have named for that purpose as their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say, &c., &c. : —

Who, having reciprocally communicated to each other their Full Powers, found to be in good and due form, have agreed upon and signed the following Articles : —

Art. I. His Highness the Sultan, on the one part, declares that he is firmly resolved to maintain for the future the principle invariably established as the ancient rule of his Empire, and in virtue of which it has at all times been prohibited for the ships-of-war of foreign Powers to enter the Straits of the Dardanelles and of the Bosphorus ; and that, so long as the Porte is at peace. His Highness will admit no foreign ship-of-war into the said Straits.

And their Majesties the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia, the King of the French, the King of Prussia, and the Emperor of all the Russias, on the other part, engage to respect this determination of the Sultan, and to conform themselves to the principle above declared.


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 White Magic

By Ella D'Arcy

one evening last summer with my friend Mauger, pharmacien in the little town of Jacques-le-Port. He pronounces his name Major, by-the-bye, it being a quaint custom of the Islands to write proper names one way and speak them another, thus serving to bolster up that old, old story of the German savant's account of the difficulties of the English language—"where you spell a man's name Verulam," says he reproachfully, "and pronounce it Bacon."

Mauger and I sat in the pleasant wood-panelled parlour behind the shop, from whence all sorts of aromatic odours found their way in through the closed door to mingle with the fragrance of figs, Ceylon tea, and hot gôches-à-beurre, constituting the excellent meal spread before us. The large old-fashioned windows were wide open, and I looked straight out upon the harbour, filled with holiday yachts, and the wonderful azure sea.

Over against the other islands, opposite, a gleam of white streaked the water, white clouds hung motionless in the blue sky, and a tiny boat with white sails passed out round Falla Point. A white butterfly entered the room to flicker in gay uncertain curves above the cloth, and a warm reflected light played over the slender rat-tailed forks and spoons, and raised by a tone or two the colour

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60 of Mauger's tanned face and yellow beard. For, in spite of a sedentary profession, his preferences lie with an out-of-door life, and he takes an afternoon off whenever practicable, as he had done that day, to follow his favourite pursuit over the golf-links at Les Landes.

While he had been deep in the mysteries of teeing and putting, with no subtler problem to be solved than the judicious selection of mashie and cleek, I had explored some of the curious cromlechs or pouquelayes scattered over this part of the island, and my thoughts and speech harked back irresistibly to the strange old religions and usages of the past.

"Science is all very well in its way," said I; "and of course it's an inestimable advantage to inhabit this so-called nineteenth century; but the mediæval want of science was far more picturesque. The once universal belief in charms and portents, in wandering saints, and fighting fairies, must have lent an interest to life which these prosaic days sadly lack. Madelon then would steal from her bed on moonlight nights in May, and slip across the dewy grass with naked feet, to seek the reflection of her future husband's face in the first running stream she passed; now, Miss Mary Jones puts on her bonnet and steps round the corner, on no more romantic errand than the investment of her month's wages in the savings bank at two and a half per cent."

Mauger laughed. "I wish she did anything half so prudent! That has not been my experience of the Mary Joneses."

"Well, anyhow," I insisted, "the Board school has rationalised them. It has pulled up the innate poetry of their nature to replace it by decimal fractions."

To which Mauger answered "Rot!" and offered me his cigarette-case. After the first few silent whiffs, he went on as follows: "The innate poetry of Woman! Confess now, there is

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text:
Pirate Party Declaration of Principles/3.2

Déclaration des principes du Parti pirate/3.2 Piratpartiets principprogram/3.2
 * Introduction
 * Democracy, Citizens' Rights and Personal Freedoms
 * Free Our Culture
 * Patents and Private Monopolies Harm Society
 * Closing words


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Page:The European Concert in the Eastern Question.djvu/117

 Art. 2. It is understood that in recording- the inviolability of the ancient rule of the Ottoman Empire mentioned in the preceding" Article, the Sultan reserves to himself, as in past times, to deliver firmans of passage for light vessels under flag of war, which shall be employed as is usual in the service of the Missions of foreign Powers.

Art. 3. His Highness the Sultan reserves to himself to communicate the present Convention to all the Powers with whom the Sublime Porte is in relations of friendship, inviting them to accede thereto.

Art. 4. The present Convention shall be ratified, and the ratifications thereof shall be exchanged at London at the expiration of two months, or sooner if possible.

In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seals of their arms.

Done at London, the thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-one.

PALMERSTON. ESTERHAZY. NEUMANN. BOURQUENEY. BULOW. BRUNNOW. CHEKIB.

By the Firman of 1st June, 1841, the Pashalic of Egypt is granted to Mehemet Ali and his heirs male, with the right of coining money in the name of the Sultan, of maintaining an army of 18,000 men in time of peace, and of granting commissions up to the rank of Colonel. The tribute to be 80,000 purses (about ₤363,635).

By a Firman of 27th May, 1866, the Pashalic is to descend of 27th, to the eldest son of the Pasha ; whom failing, to the eldest brother; whom failing, to the eldest son of the eldest brother deceased. The army is raised to 30,000 men, and the Tribute to 150,000 purses (about ₤675,000).

By a Firman of 8th June, 1867, the Pasha, now addressed as of 8th 'Khedive,' is authorized to frame regulations in the nature of laws, and to enter into arrangements in the nature of conven-


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 the lye is scalding hot, throw in two or three almonds, and try, when they have been in some time, if they will blanch; if they will, put in the rest, and the moment you find their skins will come off, remove them from the fire, put them into cold water, and blanch them, one by one, rubbing them with salt; then wash them in several waters, in order to clean them; in short, till you see no soil in the water; when this is done, throw them into boiling water, and let them boil till so tender as a pin may easily pass through them; drain and put them into clarified sugar without water, they being green enough do not require a thin sugar to bring them to a colour; but, on the contrary, if too much heated, they will become too dark a green; the next day boil the syrup and put it on them, the day after boil it till it is smooth, the day following give all a boil together, scum them and let them lie four or five days; then, if you will dry them or put them in jelly, you must follow the directions as for green apricots.

To preserve Almonds dry.

To a pound of jordan almonds, take half a pound of double-refined sugar; blanch one half of the almonds, and leave the other half unblanched; beat the white of an egg very well, pour it on your almonds, and wet them well with it; then boil your sugar again, dip in your almonds, stir them all together, that your sugar may hang well on them; then put them on plates, place them in the oven after the bread is drawn; let them stay in all night, and they will keep the year round.

To


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Pirate Party Declaration of Principles/3.2/Introduction

Déclaration des principes du Parti pirate/3.2/Introduction Piratpartiets principprogram/3.2/Inledning


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Page:Our Sister Republic - Mexico.djvu/456

440 by the Pueblanos, before our arrival, and the late religious riot had led us to believe many of the statements to be true. But to whatever extent this feeling may exist among the lower and more ignorant class, it was never manifested by word or deed, toward Mr. Seward or any member of his party. We were lodged and sumptuously fed during our stay, in the "Obispado" or Palace of the Bishop of Puebla, and nothing could be more kind and respectful than the demeanor of all classes toward Mr. Seward and his friends. I was all over the city by day and night, alone, wearing the undress uniform of an officer of the American National Guard, which left no chance for my nationality being mistaken, and always met the most kindly treatment. I was informed that the Government had given orders to General Alatorre and Governor Romero, to protect the Protestant congregation in Puebla in their right of public worship of God according to their own conscience, at any cost and under any circumstances, and that the Catholic clergy, though naturally opposed to the innovation on their customs, exercised through more than three centuries without dispute, were heard to rebuke, strongly, any disposition to resort to force and violence in opposing the spread of the—as they must of course regard them—heretical doctrines and practices.

When we left, all was quiet in Puebla, and unless the Government troops meet with some severe reverse in the campaign against the guerilla bands in the Sierra, the Protestant element in Puebla is not likely to be again disturbed, or in any way maltreated, unless itself guilty of some act of wholly unjustifiable imprudence.


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Pirate Party Declaration of Principles/3.2/Democracy

Déclaration des principes du Parti pirate/3.2/Démocratie Piratpartiets principprogram/3.2/Demokrati


text:
Pirate Party Declaration of Principles/3.2/Free Our Culture

 Déclaration des principes du Parti pirate/3.2/Libérer notre culture Piratpartiets principprogram/3.2/Kulturen


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Take the best Morello cherries when ripe, either stone them or clip their stalks off; to every pound take a pound of sugar, boil it till it blows very strong; then put in the cherries, and by degrees bring them to boil as fast as you can, that the sugar may come all over them; scum them and set them by, and the next day boil some more sugar to the same degree; put some jelly of currants, drawn as directed; for example: if you boil one pound of sugar, take one pint of jelly of currants, put in the cherries and the syrup to the sugar, then add the jelly, and give all a boil together; scum them, and fill your glasses or pots, taking care, as they cool, to disperse them equally, or otherwise they will all swim to the top.

Stone your cherries, and weigh them to eight pounds; put two pounds of sugar, boil it till it blows very strong, put the cherries to the sugar, and heat them by degrees till the sugar is melted, for when the cherries come in, it will so cool the sugar that it will seem like glue, and should you put it on a quick fire at first, it will endanger the burning; when you find the sugar is all melted, then boil it as quick as possible till the sugar flies over them; scum and set them by in an earthen pan, for where the sugar is so thin, it will be apt to canker in copper, brass, or silver; the next day drain them and boil the sugar till it rises; pour in your cherries, give them a good boil, scum them, and set them by till the next day; then drain


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Pirate Party Declaration of Principles/3.2/Patents

 Déclaration des principes du Parti pirate/3.2/Brevets Piratpartiets principprogram/3.2/Patent


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Page:Old Melbourne Memories.djvu/44

 had all his sails bent and merely made fast with spun-yarn.

The supreme moment came. After a hurricane-blast which transcended all former air-madness, we saw the vessel quit her position. A hundred voices shouted, "Her anchors are gone!" In an instant, as it seemed to us, every sail was unfurled, and she swung round, with her stem towards the white line of ravening breakers. We had before us the unusual spectacle of a ship with every stitch of canvas set going before the wind, and such a wind, dead on to a lee shore.

Proudly and swift she came gallantly on, while we watched, half-breathless, to see her strike. A sudden pause, a total arrest. The good ship struggled for a space, like a sentient creature in the toils, then broached to, and the wild, triumphant waves broke over her from stem to stern.

But the situation had been foreseen. A dozen willing hands dragged out one of the whaleboats, and what sea ever ran which a whaleboat could not live in? She was safely, though with desperate exertion, launched, and we soon watched her rising and falling amid the tremendous rollers that came thundering in. At her stern was the tall form of Charley Mills standing unmoved with a 16-foot steer oar in his strong grasp, one of the grandest exhibitions of human strength, skill, and courage that eyes ever looked on.

The skipper had carried out his immediate purpose successfully. He had run his vessel in comparatively close, by charging the beach at the pace which he had put on; and in successive trips

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Pirate Party Declaration of Principles/3.2/Closing words

 Déclaration des principes du Parti pirate/3.2/Le mot de la fin Piratpartiets principprogram/3.2/Avslutning


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 drain and lay them out on sieves, and dry them in a very hot stove.

Dip the stalks and the leaves in the best vinegar when it is boiling hot, stick the sprigs upright in a sieve till they are dry; in the mean time boil some double refined sugar to syrup, and dip the cherries, stalks and leaves in the syrup, and just let them scald, lay them on a sieve, and boil the sugar to a candy height, then dip the cherries, stalks leaves, and all; then stick the branches and leaves, and dry them as you do other sweetmeats. They look very beautiful at candle light in a dessert.

Take green gooseberries, slice them on the side, that part of the liquor may run out, put them into pots, and put into the pots two or three spoonfuls of water; stop the pots very close, and put them in a skillet of water over the fire, till the gooseberries have made a liquor as clear as water; half a pound of gooseberries will make this liquor; take a pound of cherries stoned, one pound of double-refined sugar beaten small, strew some at the bottom of your silver bason, and then a layer of cherries, and cover them over with sugar; keep some to throw over them as they boil, put to the cherries five or six spoonfuls of gooseberry liquor, set them over the fire, and boil them very moderately at first, till your sugar is melted, and afterwards as fast as you can;


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Page:The Holy Bible, containing the Old & New Testament & the Apocrypha.djvu/908

Rh men; and Ahiah, the son of Ahitub, I-chabod's brother, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli, the Lord's priest in Shiloh, wearing an ephod. And the people knew not that Jonathan was gone.

And between the passages, by which Jonathan sought to go over unto the Philistines' garrison, there was a sharp rock on the one side, and a sharp rock on the other side: and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh. The forefront of the one was situate northward over against Michmash, and the other southward over against Gibeah. And Jonathan said to the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised: it may be that the Lord will work for us: for there is no restraint to the Lord to save by many or by few. And his armourbearer said unto him, Do all that is in thine heart: turn thee; behold, I am with thee according to thy heart. Then said Jonathan, Behold, we will pass over unto these men, and we will discover ourselves unto them. If they say thus unto us, Tarry until we come to you; then we will stand still in our place, and will not go up unto them. But if they say thus. Come up unto us; then we will go up: for the Lord hath delivered them into our hand: and this shall be a sign unto us. And both of them discovered themselves unto the garrison of the


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XIV] Philistines: and the Philistines said, Behold, the Hebrews come forth out of the holes where they had hid themselves. And the men of the garrison answered Jonathan and his armourbearer, and said, Come up to us, and we will shew you a thing. And Jonathan said unto his armourbearer, Come up after me: for the Lord hath delivered them into the hand of Israel. And Jonathan climbed up upon his hands and upon his feet, and his armourbearer after him: and they fell before Jonathan; and his armourbearer slew after him. And that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armourbearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plow. And there was trembling in the host, in the field, and among all the people: the garrison, and the spoilers, they also trembled, and the earth quaked: so it was a very great trembling. And the watchmen of Saul in Gibeah of Benjamin looked; and, behold, the multitude melted away, and they went on beating down one another. Then said Saul unto the people that were with him, Number now, and see who is gone from us. And when they had numbered, behold, Jonathan and his armourbearer were not there. And Saul said unto Ahiah, Bring hither the ark of God. For the ark of God was at that time with the children of Israel.


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title: Index:Principles 3.2.pdf


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Page:The Holy Bible, containing the Old & New Testament & the Apocrypha.djvu/910

Rh And it came to pass, while Saul talked unto the priest, that the noise that was in the host of the Philistines went on and increased: and Saul said unto the priest, Withdraw thine hand. And Saul and all the people that were with him assembled themselves, and they came to the battle: and, behold, every man's sword was against his fellow, and there was a very great discomfiture. Moreover the Hebrews that were with the Philistines before that time, which went up with them into the camp from the country round about, even they also turned to be with the Israelites that were with Saul and Jonathan. Likewise all the men of Israel which had hid themselves in mount Ephraim, when they heard that the Philistines fled, even they also followed hard after them in the battle. So the Lord saved Israel that day: and the battle passed over unto Beth-aven.

And the men of Israel were distressed that day: for Saul had adjured the people, saying, Cursed be the man that eateth any food until evening, that I may be avenged on mine enemies. So none of the people tasted any food. And all they of the land came to a wood; and there was honey upon the ground. And when the people were come into the wood, behold, the honey dropped; but no man put his hand to his mouth: for the people feared the oath. But Jonathan


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Page:Principles 3.2.pdf/1

 =Pirate Party Declaration of Principles 3.2=

Introduction
We wish to change global legislation to facilitate the emerging information society, which is characterized by diversity and openness. We do this by requiring an increased level of respect for the citizens and their right to privacy, as well as reforms to copyright and patent law.

The three core beliefs of the Pirate Party are the need for protection of citizen's rights, the will to free our culture, and the insight that patents and private monopolies are damaging to society.

Ours is a control and surveillance society where practically everyone is registered and watched. It is counterproductive to a modern judicial state to impose surveillance on all its citizens, thereby treating them as suspects. Democracy pre-supposes a strong protection for citizen's rights.

Copyright was created to benefit society in order to encourage acts of creation, development and spreading of cultural expressions. In order to achieve these goals, we need a balance between common demands of availability and distribution on the one hand, and the demands of the creator to be recognized and remunerated on the other. We claim that today's copyright system unbalanced. A society where cultural expressions and knowledge is free for all on equal terms benefits the whole of the society. We claim that widespread and systematic abuses of today’s copyrights are actively counter-productive to these purposes by limiting both the creation of, and access to, cultural expressions.

Privatized monopolies are one of society’s worst enemies, as they lead to price-hikes and large hidden costs for citizens. Patents are officially sanctioned monopolies on ideas. Large corporations diligently race to hold patents they can use against smaller competitors to prevent them from competing on equal terms. A monopolistic goal is not to adjust prices and terms to what the market will bear, but rather use their illgotten rights as a lever to raise prices and set lopsided terms on usage and licensing. We want to limit the opportunities to create damaging and unnecessary monopoly situations.

Trademarks are primarily useful as consumer protection devices. We feel trademarks mostly work fine today, and do not suggest any changes here.

Democracy, Citizens' Rights and Personal Freedoms
The citizen's right to privacy is written in the Swedish constitution. From this fundamental right springs several other basic human rights like the rights to free speech, freedom of opinion, to obtain information as well as the right to culture and personal development. All attempts by the state to curtail these rights must be questioned and met with powerful opposition.

All powers, systems and methods that the state can use against its citizens must be under constant evaluation and scrutiny by elected officials. When the government uses surveillance powers against regular citizens who are not suspected of any crime, it is a fundamentally unacceptable and clear violation of the citizen's right to privacy.

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 can; scum it very well and carefully; when your liquor is brought to a jelly, it will stick your spoon, and then put it up. They do best half a pound at a time.

Take Morello cherries, hang them by their stalks one by one, where the sun may come to dry them, and no dust can get to them; this must be in autumn; cut the stalks as for preserving, place them one by one in your glasses, scrape as much sugar as will cover them; then fill them up with white wine, set them in a stone to swell, and then use them.

Take six pounds of cherries, and stone them; put half a pound of the best powdered sugar, boil them in a little copper, or other vessel as most convenient; when you think they are enough, lay them one by one on the back side of a sieve, set them to dry in an oven that has been heated, and when dry, put them in a stove to keep them so. If any liquor be left, do more cherries as above; they will keep well coloured all the year.

Take the longest sort of gooseberries the latter end of May, or beginning of June, before the green colour has left them; set some water over the fire, and, when it is ready to boil, throw in the gooseberries; let them have a scald, then take them out, and carefully remove them into cold water; set them over a very slow fire to green,


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XIV] heard not when his father charged the people with the oath: wherefore he put forth the end of the rod that was in his hand, and dipped it in an honeycomb, and put his hand to his mouth; and his eyes were enlightened. Then answered one of the people, and said. Thy father straitly charged the people with an oath, saying. Cursed be the man that eateth any food this day. And the people were faint. Then said Jonathan, My father hath troubled the land: see, I pray you, how mine eyes have been enlightened, because I tasted a little of this honey. How much more, if haply the people had eaten freely to day of the spoil of their enemies which they found? for had there not been now a much greater slaughter among the Philistines? And they smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon: and the people were very faint. And the people flew upon the spoil, and took sheep, and oxen, and calves, and slew them on the ground: and the people did eat them with the blood.

Then they told Saul, saying, Behold, the people sin against the Lord, in that they eat with the blood. And he said, Ye have transgressed: roll a great stone unto me this day. And Saul said, Disperse yourselves among the people, and say unto them, Bring me hither every man his ox, and every man his sheep, and slay them here, and eat; and sin not against the Lord in


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 The government must respect the constitution not just in saying, but in practice. Respect for the citizens and their privacy shall mean that principles like prohibition of torture, integrity of lawmaking, due process of law, messenger immunity, and the postal secret are not negotiable. The Pirate Party shall and will act to expose and bring down an administration that the party considers doesn’t respect human rights, as expected from a western democracy.

The postal secrets act shall be elevated to a general communications secrets act. Just as it is prohibited to read someone else's mail today, it shall be forbidden to read or access e-mail, SMS or other forms of messages, regardless of the underlying technology or who the operator may be. Any and all exceptions from this rule must be well-motivated in each and every case. Employers shall only be allowed to access an employee's messages if this is absolutely necessary to secure the technical functionality or in direct connection with the employee's work-related duties. The government shall only be allowed access to a citizen's means of communication or put a citizen under surveillance in the case of a firm suspicion of a crime being committed by said citizen. In all other cases, the government shall assume its citizens to be innocent and leave them alone. This communications secrets act must be given a strong legal protection, as the government has repeatedly shown that it is not to be entrusted with sensitive information.

We want to repeal the Data Retention Directive and strengthen the citizens’ right to privacy.

The Pirate Party has no opinion on whether Sweden should or should not be a member of the European Union, but now that we are, we have a right to demand that the union is governed by democratic principles. The democratic shortage in the Union must be addressed in the long term, and the first step is to prevent it from being set in stone through a bad constitution. The proposed European Union constitution that France and the Netherlands voted against shall not be accepted, neither in its original form nor with cosmetic changes.

Decision-making and governmental administration in both Sweden and the European Union shall be characterized by transparency and openness. Swedish representatives in the EU shall act to bring the Union closer to the Swedish principle of public access to records.

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Rh eating with the blood. And all the people brought every man his ox with him that night, and slew them there. And Saul built an altar unto the Lord: the same was the first altar that he built unto the Lord.

And Saul said, Let us go down after the Philistines by night, and spoil them until the morning light, and let us not leave a man of them. And they said, Do whatsoever seemeth good unto thee. Then said the priest, Let us draw near hither imto God. And Saul asked counsel of God, Shall I go down after the Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into the hand of Israel? But he answered him not that day. And Saul said, Draw ye near hither, all the chief of the people: and know and see wherein this sin hath been this day. For, as the Lord liveth, which saveth Israel, though it be in Jonathan my son, he shall surely die. But there was not a man among all the people that answered him. Then said he unto all Israel, Be ye on one side, and I and Jonathan my son will be on the other side. And the people said unto Saul, Do what seemeth good unto thee. Therefore Saul said unto the Lord God of Israel, Give a perfect lot. And Saul and Jonathan were taken: but the people escaped. And Saul said, Cast lots between me and Jonathan my son. And Jonathan was taken. Then Saul said to Jonathan, Tell me what thou hast done. And Jonathan told him, and said, I


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  Foundations of democracy shall be protected, both in Sweden and in the EU.

Free Our Culture
When copyrights were originally created, they only regulated the right of a creator to be recognized as the creator. It has later been expanded to cover commercial copying of works as well as also limiting the natural rights of private citizens and non-profit organizations. We say that this shift of balance has prompted an unacceptable development for all of society. Economic and technological developments have pushed copyright laws way out of balance and instead it infers unjust advantages for a few large market players at the expense of consumers, creators and society at large. Millions of classical songs, movies and books are held hostages in the vaults of huge media corps, not wanted enough by their focus groups to re-publish but potentially too profitable to release. We want to free our cultural heritage and make them accessible to all, before time withers away the celluloid of the old movie reels.

''Immaterial laws are a way to legislate material properties for immaterial values. Ideas, knowledge and information are by nature non-exclusive and their common value lies in their inherent ability to be shared and spread.''

We say that copyrights need to be restored to their origins. Laws must be altered to regulate only commercial use and copying of protected works. To share copies, or otherwise spread or use works for non-profit uses, must never be illegal since such fair use benefits all of society.

We want to reform commercial copyrights. The basic notion of copyrights was always to find a fair balance between conflicting commercial interests. Today this balance is lost and needs to be regained.

We suggest a reduction of commercial copyright protection, i.e. the monopoly to create copies of a work for commercial purposes, to five years from the publication of the work. The rights to make derivative works shall be adjusted so that the basic rule will be freedom for all to make them immediately. Any and all exceptions from this rule, for example, translations of books, or the usage of protected musical scores in movies, shall be explicitly enumerated in the statutes.

We want to create a fair and balanced copyright.

All non-commercial gathering, use, processing and distribution of culture shall be explicitly encouraged. Technologies limiting the consumer's legal rights to copy and use information or culture, so-called DRM, should be banned. In cases where this leads to obvious disadvantages for the consumer, any product containing DRM shall display clear warnings to inform consumers of this fact. Contractual agreements implemented to prevent such legal distribution of information shall be declared null and void. Non-commercial distribution of published culture, information or knowledge – with the clear exception of personal data – must not be limited or punished. As a logical conclusion of this, we want to abolish the blank media tax.

We want to create a cultural commons.

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XIV] did but taste a little honey with the end of the rod that was in mine hand, and, lo, I must die. And Saul answered, God do so and more also: for thou shalt surely die, Jonathan. And the people said unto Saul, Shall Jonathan die, who hath wrought this great salvation in Israel? God forbid: as the Lord liveth, there shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground; for he hath wrought with God this day. So the people rescued Jonathan, that he died not. Then Saul went up from following the Philistines: and the Philistines went to their own place.

So Saul took the kingdom over Israel, and fought against all his enemies on every side, against Moab, and against the children of Ammon, and against Edom, and against the kings of Zobah, and against the Philistines: and whithersoever he turned himself, he vexed them. And he gathered an host, and smote the Amalekites, and delivered Israel out of the hands of them that spoiled them. Now the sons of Saul were Jonathan, and Ishui, and Melchi-shua: and the names of his two daughters were these; the name of the firstborn Merab, and the name of the younger Michal: and the name of Saul's wife was Ahinoam, the daughter of Ahimaaz: and the name of the captain of his host was Abner, the son of Ner, Saul's uncle. And Kish was the father of Saul; and Ner the father of


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 ==Patents and Private Monopolies Harm Society== Patents have many damaging effects. Pharmaceutical patents are responsible for human deaths in diseases they could have afforded medication for, research priorities are skewed, and unnecessarily high, and rising, cost of medicines in richer parts of the world.

Patents on life and genes, like patented crops, lead to unreasonable and harmful consequences. Software patents retard technological development and constitute a serious threat against Swedish as well as European small- and medium-sized businesses in the IT sector.

Patents are said to encourage innovation by protecting inventors and investors in new inventions and manufacturing methods. In reality, patents are increasingly used by large corporations to hinder smaller companies from competing on equal terms. Instead of encouraging innovation, patents are being used as "mine fields" when waging war against others, often patents the owner has no plans on developing further themselves.

We believe patents have become obsolete and that they actively stifle innovation and the creation of new knowledge. Besides, just by looking at all business areas that is not patentable it is clear that patents simply are not needed - the market forces derived from being first-to-market is quite sufficient for fostering innovation. Inventors should compete fairly with natural advantages like innovative designs, customer benefits, pricing and quality, instead of with a state-awarded monopoly on knowledge. Not having to pay small armies of patent lawyers will free resources that can be used for creating real innovation and improve products at a faster rate, benefiting us all in the end.

We want to abolish patents gradually.

Apart from abusing patents, large corporations attempt to create monopolies by other means. By keeping information on things like file formats and interfaces secret, they try to create vendor lock-in, thereby limiting competition with a blatant disregard for the value of a free and fair market. This practice leads directly to higher prices and a lower rate of innovation. Whenever the publicly funded sector procures information systems or produces information itself, it must actively counteract the formation or continuation of these private monopolies on information, knowledge, ideas, or concepts. Initiatives like Open Access, with the purpose of making results of research freely available, shall be encouraged and supported.

Private monopolies shall be combated.

The public sector shall archive documents and make them publicly available in open formats. It shall be possible to communicate with the government without being tied to a certain private supplier of software. The use of open source in the public sector,including schools, shall be stimulated.

Open formats and open source shall be encouraged.

Closing words
We wish to guard citizen's rights, their right to privacy and basic human rights. When the government routinely put its citizens under surveillance, it invariably leads to

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 abuse of powers, lack of freedoms and injustices. We demand a correction of these injustices. We demand justice, freedom and democracy for the citizens.

Today's copyright and patent laws lead to harmful monopolies, the loss of important democratic values, hinders the creation of culture and knowledge, and prevents them from reaching the citizens. We demand the abolishment of patents and fair and balanced laws of copyrights, rooted in the will of the people, to enrich people's lives, enable a healthy business climate, create a knowledge and cultural commons, and thereby benefiting the development of society as a whole.

Our work with this is now focused on parliamentary means and therefore we seek a mandate from the people to represent them in these issues.

The Pirate Party does not strive to be part of an administration. Our goal is to use a tie breaker position in parliament as leverage, and support an administration that drives the issues in our platform in a satisfactory manner. When they do, we will support that administration on other issues where we choose to not hold opinions of our own.

To unite as a strong movement, we have chosen to not take a stand in any political issues not connected with the principles declared herein.

We stand united around our protection of the right to privacy, our will to reform copyrights, and the need to abolish patents.

Note to translators: The differences between Principles 3.0 (adopted in February 2006) and Principles 3.1 (January 2008) have been highlighted in purple. The differences between Principles 3.1 and Principles 3.2 (December 2008) have been highlighted in green.

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414 Arabs and Persians, the Turks and Daylamites, 1 whoso hath might in him, let him come to us." Then she made a spring. and landed on the other side of the stream and said to Sharrkan, laughing, "Parting with thee is right grievous to me, O my lord; but get thee to thy mates before dawn, lest the Knights come upon thee and pick thee up on their lance-points. Thou hast no strength to defend thee against a woman, so how couldst thou hold thine own amongst men of might and Knights ? " Sharrkan was confounded and called to her (as she turned from him making towards the convent), " O my lady, wilt thou go away and leave the miserable stranger, the broken-hearted slave of love?" So she turned to him laughing and said, "What is thy want? I will grant thee thy prayer." " Have I set foot in thy country and tasted the sweetness of thy courtesy," replied he, " and shall I return without eating of thy victual and tasting thy hospitality ; I who have become one of thy servitors ? " " None baulks kindliness save the base," she rejoined, "honour us in Allah's name, on my head and eyes be it ! Mount thy steed and ride along the brink of the stream over against me, for now thou art my guest." At this Sharrkan was glad and, hastening back to his horse, mounted and walked him abreast of her, and she kept faring on till they came to a drawbridge 2 built of beams of the white poplar, hung by pullies and steel-chains and made fast with hooks and padlocks. When Sharrkan looked, he saw awaiting her upon the bridge the same ten handmaids whom she had thrown in the wrestling-bouts ; and as she came up to them, she said to one in the Greek tongue, " Arise and take the reins of his horse and conduct him across into the convent." So she went up to Sharrkan and led him over, much puzzled and perturbed with what he saw, and saying to himself, "O would that the Wazir Dandan were here with me that his eyes might look upon these fairest of favours." Then he turned to the young lady and said to her, "O marvel of loveliness, now I have two claims upon thee ; first the claim of good-fellowship, and secondly for that thou hast carried me to thy home and offered me thy hospitality. I am now under thy commandance and thy guidance ; so do me one last favour by accompanying me to the lands of Al-Lslam ; where thou shalt look upon many a lion-hearted warrior and thou shalt learn who I am." When she heard this she was angered and said to him, "By the truth

The people of the region south of the Caspian, which is called " Sea of Daylam." It has a long history ; for which see D'Herbelot, s.v., " Dilem." 3 Coptic convents in Egypt still affect these drawbridges over the keep-moat.


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 412 Alf Lay lair wa Laylah. of her, and the two grappled and gripped and interlocked hands and anus. Presently he shifted his hands to her slender waist, when his finger tips sank into the soft folds of her middle, breeding languishment, and he fell a-trembling like the Persian reed in the roaring gale. So she lifted him up and throwing him to the ground, sat upon his breast with hips and hinder cheeks like mounds of sand, for his soul had lost mastery over his senses. Then she asked him, " O Moslem ! the slaying of Nazarenes is lawful to you folk ; what then hast thou to say about being slain thyself?" and he answered, "O my lady, thy speech as regards slaying me is not other than unlawful ; for our prophet Mohammed (whom Allah bless and preserve !) prohibited the slaying of women and children, old men and monks ! " " As it was thus revealed to your Prophet," she replied, " it behoveth us to render the equivalent of his mercy : so rise, I give thee thy life, for generosity is never lost upon the generous." Then she got off his breast and he rose and stood shaking the dust from his head against the owners of the crooked rib, even women ; and she said to him, " Be not ashamed ; but verily one who entereth the land of Roum in quest of booty, and cometh to assist Kings against Kings, how happeneth it that he hath not strength enough to defend himself from one made out of the crooked rib ? " " Twas not for lack of strength in me," he answered, " nor didst thou throw^me by thy force ; it was thy loveliness overthrew' me. So if thou wilt grant me another bout it will be of thy courtesy." She laughed and said, "I grant thee thy request; but these handmaids have long been pinioned, and their arms and sides are weary, and it were only right I should loose them, for haply this next wrestling bout will be long." Then she went to the slave-girls, and unbinding them, said to them in the tongue of Greece, "Get ye to some safe place till I foil this Moslem's lust and longing for you." So they went aw r ay, whilst Sharrkan kept gazing at them, and they kept turning to look at the two. Then each approached the adversary, and he set his breast against hers ; but when he felt waist touch waist his strength failed him, and she, waxing ware of this, lifted him with her hands swiftlier than the blinding leven-flash, and threw him to the ground. He fell on his back, 1 and then she said to him, "Rise ! I give thee thy life a second time. I spared thee in the first count because of thy Prophet, for that he made unlawful the slaying of women; and I do so on the second count because of thy weakliness and In Eastern wrestling this counts as a fair fall. So Ajax fell on his back with Ulysses on his breast (Iliad, xxxii. 700, etc.).


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Rh Abner was the son of Abiel. And there was sore war against the Philistines all the days of Saul: and when Saul saw any strong man, or any valiant man, he took him unto him.

also said unto Saul, The Lord sent me to anoint thee to be king over his people, over Israel: now therefore hearken thou unto the voice of the words of the Lord. Thus saith the Lord of hosts, I remember that which Amalek did to Israel, how he laid wait for him in the way, when he came up from Egypt. Now go and smite Amalek, and utterly destroy all that they have, and spare them not; but slay both man and woman, infant and suckling, ox and sheep, camel and ass. And Saul gathered the people together, and numbered them in Telaim, two hundred thousand footmen, and ten thousand men of Judah. And Saul came to a city of Amalek, and laid wait in the valley.

And Saul said unto the Kenites, Go, depart, get you down from among the Amalekites, lest I destroy you with them: for ye shewed kindness to all the children of Israel, when they came up out of Egypt. So the Kenites departed from among the Amalekites. And Saul smote the Amalekites from Havilah until thou comest to Shur, that is over against Egypt. And he took Agag the king of the Amalekites alive, and ut-


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 Tale of King Omar bin al-Nrfuinan and his Sons. 411 Islam." Sharrkan replied, " By Allah ! were a Kazi to swear me, even though he were a Kazi of the Kazis, 1 he would not impose upon me such an oath as this ! " Then he sware to her by all she named and tied his steed to a tree ; but he was drowned in the sea of thought, saying in himself, " Praise be to Him who fashioned her from dirty water. 2 " Then he girt himself and made ready for wrestling, and said to her, " Cross the stream to me " ; but she replied, " It is not for me to come over to thee; if thou wilt, pass thou over here to me." " I cannot do that," quoth he. And quoth she, " O boy, I will come across to thee." So she tucked up her skirts and leaping, landed on the other side of the stream by his side; whereupon he drew near to her and bent him forwards and clapped palms. 3 But he was confounded by her beauty and loveliness, for he saw a shape which the Hand of Power had tanned with the dye-leaves of the Jann, which had been fostered by the Hand of Beneficence and fanned by the Zephyrs of fair fortune, and whose birth a propitious ascendant had greeted. Then she called out to him, " O Moslem, come on and let us wrestle ere the break of morning," and tucked up her sleeves from a forearm like fresh curd, which illumined the whole place with its whiteness ; and Sharrkan was dazzled by it. Then he bent forwards and clapped his palms by way of challenge, she doing the like, and caught hold % Arab. " Kazi al-Kuzat," a kind of Chief Justice or Chancellor. The office was established under the rule of Harun al-Rashid, who so entitled Abu Yusuf Ya'kub al-Ansari : therefore the allusion is anachronistic. The same Caliph also caused the Olema to dress as they do still.  The allusion is Koranic : " O men, if ye be in doubt concerning the resur- rection, consider that he first created you of the dust of the ground (Adam) ; afterwards of seed" (chapt. xxii.). But the physiological ideas of the Koran are curious. It supposes that the Mani or male seed is in the loins and that of women in the breast-bone (chapt. Ixxxvi.) ; that the mingled seed of the two (chapt. Ixxvi.) fructifies the ovary. Barzoi (Kalilah and Dimnah) says : " Man's seed, falling into the woman's womb, is mixed with her seed and her blocd : when it thickens and curdles, the Spirit moves it, and it turns about like liquid cheese ; then it solidifies, its arteries are formed, its limbs constructed, and its joints distinguished. If the babe is a male, his face is placed towards his mother's back ; if a female, towards her belly "(p. 262, Mr. I. G. N. Keith-Falconer's translation). But there is a curious prolepsis of the spermatozoa-theory. We read (Koran, chapt. vii. v. 171), "Thy Lord drew forth their posterity from the loins of the sons of Adam " ; and the commentators say that Allah stroked Adam's back and extracted from his loins all his posterity which shall ever be, in the shape of small ants ; these confessed their dependence on God and were dismissed to return whence they came. From this fiction it appears (says Sale) that the doctrine of pre-existence is not unknown to the Mohammedans ; and there is some little conformity between it and the modern theory of generatio ex animalculis in semine marium. The poets call this Yaum-i-Alast = the Day of Am-I-not (-your Lord)? which Sir William Jones most unhappily translated, " Art thou not with thy Lord ? " (Alasta bi Rabbi - kum); and they produce a grand vision of unembodied spirits appearing in countless millions before their Creator. The usual preliminary of a wrestling bout.


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XV] terly destroyed all the people with the edge of the sword. But Saul and the people spared Agag, and the best of the sheep, and of the oxen, and of the fatlings, and the lambs, and all that was good, and would not utterly destroy them: but every thing that was vile and refuse, that they destroyed utterly.

Then came the word of the Lord unto Samuel, saying, It repenteth me that I have set up Saul to be king: for he is turned back from following me, and hath not performed my commandments. And it grieved Samuel; and he cried unto the Lord all night. And when Samuel rose early to meet Saul in the morning, it was told Samuel, saying, Saul came to Carmel, and, behold, he set him up a place, and is gone about, and passed on, and gone down to Gilgal. And Samuel came to Saul: and Saul said unto him. Blessed be thou of the Lord: I have performed the commandment of the Lord. And Samuel said, What meaneth then this bleating of the sheep in mine ears, and the lowing of the oxen which I hear? And Saul said, They have brought them from the Amalekites: for the people spared the best of the sheep and of the oxen, to sacrifice unto the Lord thy God; and the rest we have utterly destroyed. Then Samuel said unto Saul, Stay, and I will tell thee what the Lord hath said to me this night. And he said unto him, Say on, And Samuel said, When thou wast


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Rh, in 1705; of which there will be occasion to speak in the sequel.

It is necessary, however, to geographical precision, that so soon as New Holland and New South Wales were known to form one land, there should be a general name applicable to the whole; and this essential point having been ascertained in the present voyage, with a degree of certainty sufficient to authorise the measure, I have, with the concurrence of opinions entitled to deference, ventured upon the re-adoption of the original ; and of this term I shall hereafter make use, when speaking of New Holland and New South Wales, in a collective sense; and when using it in the most extensive signification, the adjacent isles, including that of Van Diemen, must be understood to be comprehended.

There is no probability, that any other detached body of land, of nearly equal extent, will ever be found in a more southern latitude; the name Terra Australis will, therefore, remain descriptive of the geographical importance of this country, and of its situation on the globe: it has antiquity to recommend it; and, having no reference to either of the two claiming nations, appears to be less objectionable than any other which could have been selected.

In dividing New South Wales from New Holland, I have been guided by the British patent to the first governor of the new colony, at Port Jackson. In this patent, a meridian, nearly corresponding to the ancient line of separation, between New Holland and Terra Australis, has been made the western limit of New South Wales; and is fixed at the longitude of 135° east, from the meridian of Greenwich. From hence, the British territory extends eastward,


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 of the whaleboat the crew were landed in safety. And though the barque's "ribs and trucks" added another unprepossessing feature to Port Fairy harbour, no greater loss occurred.

Captain John Mills, afterwards harbour-master of the port of Belfast, and long a master mariner in the trade between Belfast and Sydney, was the elder of these two brothers. In his way, also, a grand personage. Not quite so tall as his younger brother, he was fully six feet in height, powerfully built, and a very handsome man to boot. There was an expression of calm courage about his face and general bearing which always reminded one of a lion. He had had, doubtless, as a whaler and voyager to New Zealand and the islands, scores of hairbreadth escapes. After such a stormy life it must have been a wondrous change to settle down, as he did, quietly for the rest of his days in the little village as harbour-master. He is gone to his rest, I think, as well as the grand, stalwart boat-steerer. They will always live in men's minds, I doubt not, on the west coast of Victoria, among the heroes of the storied past. I remember once, indeed, at a great public dinner, when a popular squatter, whose health had been drunk, declared with post-prandial fervour that he regarded all the inhabitants of old Port Fairy as his brothers. During a lull in the cheering, a humorous mercantile celebrity placed his hand on Charles Mills's shoulder, and cried aloud, "This is my brother Charley"—a practical application which brought down the house.

Ah! those were indeed the good old days.

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 How free and fresh was the ocean's breath as one looked westward over the limitless Pacific, where nothing broke the line of vision nearer than Lady Julia Percy Island! How green was the turf! How blue the sky! How strong and unquestioning was friendship! How divine was love "in that lost land, in that lost clime"—in the realm of poesy and the kingdom of youth!

Port Fairy certainly had the start in life, and Belfast was, as I have narrated, a townlet before an acre of land was sold in Warrnambool. But it turned out that Warrnambool was situated in nearer vicinity to the wonderfully rich lands of Farnham and Purnim. The great wheat and potato yields began to affect shipments, and at this day I rather fancy nearly all the mercantile prosperity has taken lodgings with Warrnambool, while the broad, limestone-metalled streets of Belfast are less lively than they were wont to be a score of years agone.

To the Johnny Griffiths dynasty succeeded that of Mr. John Cox, the younger, of Clarendon, Tasmania, a worthy scion of a family which had furnished, perhaps, more pattern country gentlemen to Australia than any other. He had quitted Tasmania for the western portion of the new colony, which promised wider scope for energy and enterprise. His earlier investments were a trading station at Port Fairy, the purchase of such town allotments and buildings as seemed to him likely bargains, and the first occupation of the Mount Rouse station, long afterwards known as perhaps the choicest, richest run of a crack district.

Mr. Cox, however, relinquished his not wholly

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text: A Voyage to Terra Australis/Volume 1/Introduction


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Page:Old Melbourne Memories.djvu/47

 congenial mercantile task to the late Mr. William Rutledge, of Farnham Park, whose commercial talent and business energy soon made quite another place of Belfast. Mr. Cox from that time forth devoted himself wholly to pastoral pursuits, and having been unhandsomely evicted from Mount Rouse, which the Governor, without much practical wisdom, wished to turn into an aboriginal reservation, he retired to Mount Napier, a run only second in extent and quality.

I may mention that some years after, the Government, finding that the aboriginal protectorate system merely served to localise gangs of lazy and mischievous savages without any sort of benefit to themselves or others, revoked the reserve. But instead of handing back the land to those from whom it had been taken unjustly, they had the meanness to let it by tender. This run of Mount Rouse brought a rental of £900 per annum, a price altogether unprecedented in the history of pastoral leases.

After I had been a dweller on the banks of the Merai for a few months, I resolved to move farther westward, where there was country to spare and a more favourable opportunity of getting an extensive run than in my present picturesque but restricted locality. I was grieved to lose my pretty and pleasant home just as I had begun to get attached to it, but I judged rightly that to the westward lay the more profitable pastures, and I adhered to my resolution.

A few days' muster saw us once more on the road. Our herd was increased and complicated by

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 the presence of many small calves, of ages varying from a week to three months. These tender travellers would have much retarded our march under other circumstances. But we had not, as luck would have it, much more than fifty miles to move, and for that short distance we could afford to travel easily, and give time to the weaker ones. All our worldly goods were packed upon the dray, which, as before, sufficed to carry them.

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 DUNMORE

this time the winter rains had commenced to fall. The wild weather of the western coast, with fierce gales from the south-east, and driving storms of sleet, showed clearly that "the year had turned." The roads were knee-deep in mud, the creeks full, the nights long and cold. However, grass was plentiful, and

So away. Vogue la galère. The dray, with Joe Burge and his wife, and Chase, the deerhound, went on ahead, while I, with Mr. Cunningham, a new companion, who had dwelt in those parts before my arrival, was to follow a day or two later with the herd.

I had made a small exploring expedition a short time before in company with an old stockman; he, for a consideration, had guided me to a tract of unoccupied country. And to this new territory our migration was now tending. This experienced stock-rider—"an old hand from the Sydney side,"

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 as such men were then called in Victoria—was a great character, and a most original personage. He accompanied the dray, so that all might be in readiness for our arrival. Not that much could be done. But my all-accomplished chief servitor, the most inventive and energetic pioneer possible, would be sure to make some "improvements " even in the short interval before we arrived.

Our first day's journey was most difficult. The cattle were loath to leave the spot to which they had become accustomed, and were troublesome to drive. However, with two good stock-whips, and the aid of Dora the cattle-dog, we got along, and reached Rosebrook, on the Moyne, close to Belfast. Mr. Roderick Urquhart, as manager for Mr. James Atkinson, was then in charge. He received us most hospitably. The cattle were put into the stock-yard for the night. My companion rode on to town, intending to rejoin me early in the morning.

One may judge of the difficulty in "locating" tenants upon agricultural land in those early days from the fact that Mr. Urquhart was then supplying the first farmers on the Belfast survey with rations. For the first year or two this plan was pursued; after that they were able, doubtless, to keep themselves and pay the moderate rent under which they sat. Not that the Port Fairy "survey" was so fertile as that of Farnham Park—much of it was wet and undrained, much stony, and but fit for pasture; but it comprehended the greater part of the town of Belfast, and £5000 would not be considered dear now for 5000 acres, chiefly of first-class pasture land, comprising, besides a seaport town, an

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 quarry of limestone, a partially navigable river, and a harbour.

I slept ill that night, oppressed by my responsibilities. At midnight I heard the continuous lowing, or "roaring" in stock-riders' vernacular, which denoted the escape of my cattle from the yard. Dressing hastily, I stumbled in pitch darkness through the knee-deep mud. It was even as I feared—the rails were down, trampled in the mud; the cattle were out and away. My anxiety was great. The paddock was insecure. If they got out of it there was endless re-mustering, delay, and perhaps loss.

I could do nothing on foot. I heard the uneasy brutes trampling and bellowing in all directions. I went to bed sad at heart, and, like St. Paul's crew at Malta, "wished for the dawn."

With the earliest streak of light I caught my horse, and galloped round the paddock without a sight of the missing animals. In despair I turned towards the shore of the large salt-water lagoon which made one side of the enclosure. In the grey light I fancied I saw a dark mass at the end of a cape, which stretched far into it. I rode for it at full speed, and discovered my lost "stock-in-trade" all lying down in the long marshy grass. They had struck out straight for their last known place of abode, but had been blocked by the deep water and the unknown sea—as doubtless the lagoon appeared to them in the darkness.

Shortly after breakfast we resumed our journey, and made St. Kitts, a cattle station some ten or twelve miles on the western side of Belfast. The

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Page:An Arabic-English Lexicon in Eight Parts Volume 1.djvu/1

 An

ARABIC- ENGLISH

LEXICON


text:
Page:KAL801Finalreport.pdf/1

 PB00-910401 NTSB/AAR-00/01 DCA97MA058

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20594

CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN KOREAN AIR FLIGHT 801 BOEING 747-300, HL7468 NIMITZ HILL, GUAM AUGUST 6, 1997 6952B

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