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 (Metaurus) and Esino may be mentioned, run north-east into the Adriatic, which is some 30 m. from the highest points of the chain. This portion of the range is crossed near its southern termination by a railway from Foligno to Ancona (which at Fabriano has a branch to Macerata and Porto Civitanova, on the Adriatic coast railway), which may perhaps be conveniently regarded as its boundary. By some geographers, indeed, it is treated as a part of the central Apennines.

2. The central Apennines are the most extensive portion of the chain, and stretch as far as the valley of the Sangro (Sangrus). To the north are the Monti Sibillini, the highest point of which is the Monte Vettore (8128 ft.). Farther south three parallel chains may be traced, the westernmost of which (the Monti Sabini) culminates to the south in the Monte Viglio (7075 ft.), the central chain in the Monte Terminillo (7260 ft.), and farther south in the Monte Velino (8160 ft.), and the eastern in the Gran Sasso d’Italia (9560 ft.), the highest summit of the Apennines, and the Maiella group (Monte Amaro, 9170 ft.). Between the western and central ranges are the plain of Rieti, the valley of the Salto (Himella), and the Lago Fucino; while between the central and eastern ranges are the valleys of Aquila and Sulmona. The chief rivers on the west are the Nera (Nar), with its tributaries the Velino (Velinus) and Salto, and the Anio, both of which fall into the Tiber. On the east there is at first a succession of small rivers which flow into the Adriatic, from which the highest points of the chain are some 25 m. distant, such as the Potenza (Flosis), Chienti (Cluentus), Tenna (Tinna), Tronto (Truentus), Tordino (Helvinus), Vomano (Vomanus), &c. The Pescara (Aternus), which receives the Aterno from the north-west and the Gizio from the south-east, is more important; and so is the Sangro.

The central Apennines are crossed by the railway from Rome to Castelammare Adriatico via Avezzano and Sulmona: the railway from Orte to Terni (and thence to Foligno) follows the Nera valley; while from Terni a line ascends to the plain of Rieti, and thence crosses the central chain to Aquila, whence it follows the valley of the Aterno to Sulmona. In ancient times the Via Salaria, Via Caecilia and Via Valeria-Claudia all ran from Rome to the Adriatic coast. The volcanic mountains of the province of Rome are separated from the Apennines by the Tiber valley, and the Monti Lepini, or Volscian mountains, by the valleys of the Sacco and Liri.

3. In the southern Apennines, to the south of the Sangro valley, the three parallel chains are broken up into smaller groups; among them may be named the Matese, the highest point of which is the Monte Miletto (6725 ft.). The chief rivers on the south-west are the Liri or Garigliano (anc. Liris), with its tributary the Sacco (Trerus), the Volturno (Volturnus), Sebeto (Sabatus), Sarno (Sarnus), on the north the Trigno (Trinius), Biferno (Tifernus), and Fortore (Frento). The promontory of Monte Gargano, on the east, is completely isolated, and so are the volcanic groups near Naples. The district is traversed from north-west to south-east by the railway from Sulmona to Benevento and on to Avellino, and from south-west to north-east by the railways from Caianello via Isernia to Campobasso and Termoli, from Caserta to Benevento and Foggia, and from Nocera and Avellino to Rocchetta S. Antonio, the junction for Foggia, Spinazzola (for Barletta, Bari, and Taranto) and Potenza. Roman roads followed the same lines as the railways: the Via Appia ran from Capua to Benevento, whence the older road went to Venosa and Taranto and so to Brindisi, while the Via Traiana ran nearly to Foggia and thence to Bari.

The valley of the Ofanto (Aufidus), which runs into the Adriatic close to Barletta, marks the northern termination of the first range of the Lucanian Apennines (now Basilicata), which runs from east to west, while south of the valleys of the Sele (on the west) and Basiento (on the east)—which form the line followed by the railway from Battipaglia via Potenza to Metaponto—the second range begins to run due north and south as far as the plain of Sibari (Sybaris). The highest point is the Monte Pollino (7325 ft.). The chief rivers are the Sele (Silarus)—joined by the Negro (Tanager) and Calore (Calor)—on the west, and the Bradano (Bradanus), Basiento (Casuentus), Agri (Aciris), Sinni (Siris) on the east, which flow into the gulf of Taranto; to the south of the last-named river there are only unimportant streams flowing into the sea east and west, inasmuch as here the width of the peninsula diminishes to some 40 m. The railway running south from Sicignano to Lagonegro, ascending the valley of the Negro, is planned to extend to Cosenza, along the line followed by the ancient Via Popilia, which beyond Cosenza reached the west coast at Terina and thence followed it to Reggio. The Via Herculia, a branch of the Via Traiana, ran from Aequum Tuticum to the ancient Nerulum. At the narrowest point the plain of Sibari, through which the rivers Coscile (Sybaris) and Crati (Crathis) flow to the sea, occurs on the east coast, extending halfway across the peninsula. Here the limestone Apennines proper cease and the granite mountains of Calabria (anc. Bruttii) begin. The first group extends as far as the isthmus formed by the gulfs of S. Eufemia and Squillace; it is known as the Sila, and the highest point reached is 6330 ft. (the Botte Donato). The forests which covered it in ancient times supplied the Greeks and Sicilians with timber for shipbuilding. The railway from S. Eufemia to Catanzaro and Catanzaro Marina crosses the isthmus, and an ancient road may have run from Squillace to Monteleone. The second group extends to the south end of the Italian peninsula, culminating in the Aspromonte (6420 ft.) to the east of Reggio di Calabria. In both groups the rivers are quite unimportant.

Character.–The Apennines are to some extent clothed with forests, though these were probably more extensive in classical times (Pliny mentions especially pine, oak and beech woods, Hist. Nat. xvi. 177); they have indeed been greatly reduced in comparatively modern times by indiscriminate timber-felling, and though serious attempts at reafforestation have been made by the government, much remains to be done. They also furnish considerable summer pastures, especially in the Abruzzi: Pliny (Hist. Nat. xi. 240) praises the cheese of the Apennines. In the forests wolves were frequent, and still are found, the flocks being protected against them by large sheep-dogs; bears, however, which were known in Roman times, have almost entirely disappeared. Nor are the wild goats called rotae, spoken of by Varro (R. R. II. i. 5), which may have been either chamois or steinbock, to be found. Brigandage appears to have been prevalent in Roman times in the remoter parts of the Apennines, as it was until recently: an inscription found near the Furlo pass was set up in 246 by an evocatus Augusti (a member of a picked corps) on special police duty with a detachment of twenty men from the Ravenna fleet (G. Henzen in Römische Mitteilungen, 1887, 14). Snow lies on the highest peaks of the Apennines for almost the whole year. The range produces no minerals, but there are a considerable number of good mineral springs, some of which are thermal (such as Bagni di Lucca, Monte Catini, Monsummano, Porretta, Telese, &c.), while others are cool (such as Nocera, Sangemini, Cinciano, &c.), the water of which is both drunk on the spot and sold as table water elsewhere.

Geology.—The Apennines are the continuation of the Alpine chain, but the individual zones of the Alps cannot be traced into the Apennines. The zone of the Brianconnais (see ) may be followed as far as the Gulf of Genoa, but scarcely beyond, unless it is represented by the Trias and older beds of the Apuan Alps. The inner zone of crystalline and schistose rocks which forms the main chain of the Alps, is absent in the Apennines except towards the southern end. The Apennines, indeed, consist almost entirely of Mesozoic and Tertiary beds, like the outer zones of the Alps. Remnants of a former inner zone of more ancient rocks may be seen in the Apuan Alps, in the islands off the Tuscan coast; in the Catena Metallifera, Cape Circeo and the island of Zannone, as well as in the Calabrian peninsula. These remnants lie at a comparatively low level, and excepting

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 the Apuan Alps and the Calabrian peninsula they do not now form any part of the Apennine chain. But that in Tertiary times there was a high interior zone of crystalline rocks is indicated by the character of the Eocene beds in the southern Apennines. These are formed to a large extent of thick conglomerates which are full of pebbles and boulders of granite and schist. Many of the boulders are of considerable size and they are often still angular. There is now no crystalline region from which they could reach their present position; and this and other considerations have led the followers of E. Suess to conclude that even in Tertiary times a large land mass consisting of ancient rocks occupied the space which is now covered by the southern portion of the Tyrrhenian Sea. This old land mass has been called Tyrrhenis, and probably extended from Sicily into Latium and as far west as Sardinia. On the Italian border of this land there was raised a mountain chain with an inner crystalline zone and an outer zone of Mesozoic and Tertiary beds. Subsequent faulting has caused the subsidence of the greater part of Tyrrhenis, including nearly the whole of the inner zone of the mountain chain, and has left only the outer zones standing as the present Apennines.

Be this as it may, the Apennines, excepting in Calabria, are formed chiefly of Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Eocene and Miocene beds. In the south the deposits, from the Trias to the middle Eocene, consist mainly of limestones, and were laid down, with a few slight interruptions, upon a quietly subsiding sea-floor. In the later part of the Eocene period began the folding which gave rise to the existing chain. The sea grew shallow, the deposits became conglomeratic and shaly, volcanic eruptions began, and the present folds of the Apennines were initiated. The folding and consequent elevation went on until the close of the Miocene period when a considerable subsidence took place and the Pliocene sea overspread the lower portions of the range. Subsequent elevation, without folding, has raised these Pliocene deposits to a considerable height—in some cases over 3000 ft. and they now lie almost undisturbed upon the older folded beds. This last elevation led to the formation of numerous lakes which are now filled up by Pleistocene deposits. Both volcanic eruptions and movements of elevation and depression continue to the present day on the shores of the Tyrrhenian Sea. In the northern Apennines the elevation of the sea floor appears to have begun at an earlier period, for the Upper Cretaceous of that part of the chain consists largely of sandstones and conglomerates. In Calabria the chain consists chiefly of crystalline and schistose rocks; it is the Mesozoic and Tertiary zone which has here been sunk beneath the sea. Similar rocks are found beneath the Trias farther north, in some of the valleys of Basilicata. Glaciers no longer exist in the Apennines, but Post-Pliocene moraines have been observed in Basilicata.

APENRADE, a town of Germany in the Prussian province of Schleswig, beautifully situated on the Apenrade Fjord, an arm of the Little Belt, 38 m. N. of the town of Schleswig. Pop. (1900) 5952. It is connected by a branch line with the main railway of Schleswig, and possesses a good harbour, which affords shelter for a large carrying trade. Fishing, shipbuilding and various small factories provide occupation for the population. The town is a bathing resort, as is Elisenlund close by. APERTURE (from Lat. aperire, to open), an opening. In optics, it is that portion of the diameter of an object-glass or mirror through which light can pass free from obstruction. It is equal to the actual diameter of the cylinder of rays admitted by a telescope. APEX, the Latin word (pl. apices) for the top, tip or peak of anything. A diminutive “apiculus” is used in botany. APHANITE, a name given (from the Gr. , invisible) to certain dark-coloured igneous rocks which are so fine-grained that their component minerals are not detected by the unaided eye. They consist essentially of plagioclase felspar, with hornblende or augite, and may contain also biotite, quartz and a limited amount of orthoclase. Although a few authorities still recognize the aphanites as a distinct class, most systematic petrologists, at the present time, have discarded it, and regard these rocks as merely structural facies of other species. Those which contain hornblende are uniform, fine-grained diorites, vogesites, &c., while when pyroxene predominates they are ascribed to the dolerites, quartz-dolerites, &c. Hence, any rock which is compact, crystalline and fine grained, is frequently said to be aphanitic, without implying exactly to which of the principal rock groups it really belongs. APHASIA (from Gr., privative, and  , speech), a term which means literally inability to speak, and is used to denote various defects in the comprehension and expression of both spoken and written language which result from lesions of the brain. Aphasic disorders may be classed in two groups:—first, receptive or sensory aphasia, which comprises (a) inability to understand spoken language (auditory aphasia), and (b) inability to read (visual aphasia, or alexia); second, emissive or motor aphasia, under which category are included (a) inability to speak (motor vocal aphasia, or aphemia), and (b) inability to write (motor graphic aphasia, or agraphia). It has been shown that each of these defects is produced by destruction of a special region of the cortex of the brain. These regions, which are termed the speech centres, are, in right-handed people, situated in the left cerebral hemisphere; this is the reason why aphasia is so commonly associated with paralysis of the right side of the body.

A study of the acquisition of the faculty of speech throws light upon the education of the speech centres, and helps to elucidate their physiological interaction and the phenomena of aphasia. The auditory speech centre is the first to show signs of functional activity, for within a few months of birth the child begins to understand spoken language. Some months later the motor vocal speech centre begins to functionate. The memories of the auditory word images which are stored up in the auditory speech centre play a most important part in the process of learning to speak. The child born deaf grows up mute. The visual speech centre comes into activity when the child is taught to read. Again, when he learns to write and thus begins to educate his graphic centre, he is constantly calling upon his visual speech centre for the visual images of the words he wishes to produce. From these remarks it will be seen that there is a very intimate association between the auditory speech centre and the motor vocal speech centre, also between the visual speech centre and the graphic centre.

Auditory Aphasia.—The auditory speech centre is situated in the posterior part of the first and second temporo-sphenoidal convolutions on the left side of the brain. Destruction of this centre causes “auditory aphasia.” Hearing is unimpaired but spoken language is quite unintelligible. The subject of auditory aphasia may be compared to an individual who is listening to a foreign language of which he does not understand a word. Word deafness, a term often used as synonymous with auditory aphasia, is misleading and should be abandoned. Auditory aphasia commonly interferes with vocal expression, for the

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text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Apennines

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Apennines


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Douglas, Hon. John


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Dow, Hon. John Lamont


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Dowling, Henry


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Dowling, His Honour James Sheen


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Downer, Henry Edward


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Downer, Hon. Sir John William


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Downes, Major-General Major Francis


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Doyle, Right Rev. Jeremiah Joseph


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Drake, Sir William Henry


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Draper, Rev. Daniel James


text:
Page:Sacred Books of the East - Volume 1.djvu/264

150 , and they thought, this victory is ours only, this greatness is ours only.

2. Brahman perceived this and appeared to them. But they did not know it, and said: 'What sprite (yaksha or yakshya) is this?'

3. They said to Agni (fire): 'O Gâtavedas, find out what sprite this is.' 'Yes,' he said.

4. He ran toward it, and Brahman said to him: 'Who are you?' He replied: 'I am Agni, I am Gâtavedas.'

5. Brahman said: 'What power is in you?' Agni replied: 'I could burn all whatever there is on earth.'

6. Brahman put a straw before him, saying: 'Burn this.' He went towards it with all his might, but he could not burn it. Then he returned thence and said: 'I could not find out what sprite this is.'

7. Then they said to Vâyu (air): 'O Vâyu, find out what sprite this is.' 'Yes,' he said.

8. He ran toward it, and Brahman said to him: 'Who are you?' He replied: 'I am Vâyu, I am Mâtarisvan.'

9. Brahman said: 'What power is in you?' Vâyu replied: 'I could take up all whatever there is on earth.'

10. Brahman put a straw before him, saying: 'Take it up.' He went towards it with all his might, but he could not take it up. Then he returned thence and said: 'I could not find out what sprite this is.'

11. Then they said to Indra: 'O Maghavan, find out what sprite this is.' He went towards it, but it disappeared from before him.

12. Then in the same space (ether) he came


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Rh towards a woman, highly adorned: it was Umâ, the daughter of Himavat. He said to her: 'Who is that sprite?'

1. She replied: 'It is Brahman. It is through the victory of Brahman that you have thus become great.' After that he knew that it was Brahman.

2. Therefore these Devas, viz. Agni, Vâyu, and Indra, are, as it were, above the other gods, for they touched it (the Brahman) nearest.

3. And therefore Indra is, as it were, above the other gods, for he touched it nearest, he first knew it.

4. This is the teaching of Brahman, with regard to the gods (mythological): It is that which now


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148 flashes forth in the lightning, and now vanishes again.

5. And this is the teaching of Brahman, with regard to the body (psychological): It is that which seems to move as mind, and by it imagination remembers again and again.

6. That Brahman is called Tadvana, by the name of Tadvana it is to be meditated on. All beings have a desire for him who knows this.

7. The Teacher: 'As you have asked me to tell you the Upanishad, the Upanishad has now


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Rh been told you. We have told you the d.

8. 'The feet on which that Upanishad stands are penance, restraint, sacrifice; the Vedas are all its limbs, the True is its abode.

9. 'He who knows this Upanishad, and has shaken off all evil, stands in the endless, unconquerable world of heaven, a,  n.'


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22 .

1. The syllable Hâu is this world (the earth), the syllable Hâi the air, the syllable Atha the moon, the syllable Iha the self, the syllable Î is Agni, fire.

2. The syllable Û is the sun, the syllable E is the Nihava or invocation, the syllable Auhoi is the Visve Devas, the syllable Hin is Pragâpati, Svara (tone) is breath (prâna), the syllable Yâ is food, the syllable Vâg is Virâg.

3. The thirteenth stobha syllable, viz. the indistinct syllable Hun, is the Undefinable (the Highest Brahman).

4. Speech yields the milk, which is the milk of speech itself to him who knows this Upanishad (secret doctrine) of the Sâmans in this wise. He becomes rich in food, and able to eat food ,—


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Rh

1. Meditation on the whole of the Sâman is good, and people, when anything is good, say it is Sâman; when it is not good, it is not Sâman.

2. Thus they also say, he approached him with Sâman, i.e. becomingly; and he approached him without Sâman, i. e. unbecomingly.

3. And they also say, truly this is Sâman for us, i.e. it is good for us, when it is good; and truly that is not Sâman for us, i. e. it is not good for us, when it is not good.

4. If any one knowing this meditates on the Sâman as good, depend upon it all good qualities will approach quickly, aye, they will become his own.

1. Let a man meditate on the fivefold Sâman as the five worlds. The hinkâra is the earth, the prastâva the fire, the udgîtha the sky, the pratihâra the sun, the nidhana heaven; so in an ascending line.

2. In a descending line, the hinkâra is heaven,


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text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Drew, William Leworthy Goode


text:
Page:Rambles in New Zealand.djvu/112

 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS.

Acland, Sir Thomas Dyke, Bart., M. P., Killerton, Devon. Atherly, Rev. Arthur, Heavitree, Devon, (sixteen copies). Allen, Rev. John, North Huish, Devon. Anderton, James, Bridge- street, London. Anderdon, J., Tavistock-square, London. Adams, Thomas B., Budleigh Salterton. Alsop, John, Newton. Arbouin, Samuel, London. Andrews, W., London. Allen, Thomas, London.

Buller, James Wentworth, Downes, Devon, (two copies). Buller, Captain Thomas Wentworth, R. N., Bryanston-square, London. Back, John, Kingsbury Lodge, St. Alban's, (eight copies). Bell, F. Dillon, New Zealand House, London, (six copies). British Iron Company, London, (two copies). Boulderson, Captain, R. N., Penryn. Boulderson, Mrs., Falmouth. Boulderson, Miss, Falmouth. Beer, Joseph R., St. Thomas', Exeter. Bear, John, Chevestone, Kenton. Bear, Mrs., Chevestone, Kenton. Bear, John Penny, Chevestone, Kenton. Bear, Thomas Hutchings, Chevestone, Kenton. Bear, Miss E. A., Chevestone, Kenton. Bowring, John, Exeter. Bidwill, John Green, St. Thomas', Exeter. Benison, W. M., St Thomas', Exeter, (two copies). Banfill, Samuel, Exwick, Devon. Bond, Rev. J., Stoke Canon, Devon. Barnes, Rev. Doctor George, Sowton, Devon, (two copies). Brutton, Charles, Exeter. Brooke, George, Whimple, Devon. Balle, Thomas, Exeter.

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 Besley, Thomas, Exeter. Braund, George, St. Thomas', Exeter. Barham, Thomas Foster, M. D., Exeter. Bealy, Richard, Exeter. Buckley, Joseph, Alphington, Devon. Bowring, Richard, St. Thomas', Exeter. Bartlet, Rev. Edward, Exeter. Brodie, P. B., Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, London. Boville, William, Temple, London. Butter, Jacobus S., Woodbury, Devon. Brown, John, Sandford, Devon. Brown, Samuel, Crediton, Devon. Burne, Rev. Charles, Wear, Devon. Browning, William, Alphington, Devon. Bush, G. T., North Parade, Bath, (two copies). Bourn, James, Bath, (two copies). Barnicoat, J. W., Falmouth. Barker, J. T., Heavitree, Devon, (two copies). Biffen, Lieut. Edward, R. N., Liverpool. Buller, Sir Antony, Bart., Pound, Devon, (four copies). Blackall, Doctor, M. D., Exeter. Bulkeley, Captain, Mount Stone, Plymouth. Bovill, G., London. Bryant and Davies, London. Bentall, T., London. Bucknall, H. and Sons, London. Boulderson, George, Liverpool. Burt, N., London. Barrett, H., London.

Courtenay, Right Honourable Lord, Powderham Castle, (four copies). Carwithen, Rev. Doctor William, Stoke Climsland, Devon. Cookeworthy, J. C, M. D., Plymouth. Cook, Richard, Bath, (two copies). Copleston, Rev. John G., Offwell, Devon. Collyns, Rev. Doctor Charles H., Farringdon, Devon. Cornish, Robert, Exeter. Cole, William, Exeter. Cawsey, Thomas Anthony, Exeter. Cann, William, Exeter. Cann, James, Exeter. Croft, Henry, Exeter. Clarke, James F., St. Thomas', Exeter. Clench, John, jun., Exeter. Coldridge and Sons, Exeter, (three copies). Colson and Spark, Exeter. Carne, Edward Clifton, Falmouth. Carne, Miss, Falmouth. Crane, William, Carlton Chambers, London.

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text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Driver, Richard


text:
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 Collyns, William, Kenton. Crosse, Thomas, Thorverton. Cornick, Lieutenant, R. N., Kenton. Cheeseworth, C. N., Dunsford. Carlyon, Mr., Helston. Cunnack, Mr., Helston. Collins, Robert, St. Thomas', Exeter. Coward, J. Toogood, Shaldon. Carne, Charles Frederick, Liverpool, (ten copies). Cohen, Andrew, Colleton Place, Exeter. Chorley, William, jun., Quarm, Dulverton. Coglan, John, Liverpool. Cotton, William, Liverpool. Collier, William, Plymouth. Chambers, Doctor, M. D., London, (eight copies). Carne, William, Rosemundy, Cornwall, (four copies). Collier and Dunsford, Plymouth. Cramond, G., London. Clossmann, F. F. and Co., London.

Devon, the Right Honourable the Earl of, Powderham Castle, Devon, (six copies). Duckworth, Sir John Thomas, Bart., Wear, Devon. Davie, Sir Humphry P., Creedy, Devon. Divett, Edward, M. P., Bystock, Devon. Driver, Edward, Richmond Terrace, Whitehall. Dart, Joseph, Tidwell House, Devon. Dames, Rev. A. Longworth, Kenton, Devon. Drake, Thomas Edward, Exeter. Daw, John, Exeter. Drew, John, Peamore, Devon. Drew, John, jun., Peamore, Devon. Drew, Samuel, Alphington, Devon. Dyer, Thomas, St. Thomas', Exeter. Davy, Robert, Wear, Devon. Davy, Daniel Bishop, Topsham. Drake, G. H., Exeter. Dymond, Robert, Exeter. Drew, William, Huxham, Devon. Davies, James and Son, London. Dunsford, Captain William, Tiverton. Davies, Richard Longfield, Redinnick House, Penzance. Dixon, Miss, Birmingham. Dingley, Mr., Helston. De Castro, Mrs., Falmouth. Drake, Edwin, Exeter. Delacombe, Captain, R. M., Plymouth. Dawson, R. H., St. Thomas', Exeter. Dillon and McDonell, London, (fifty copies).

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text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Drury, Albert Victor


text:
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 Drake, Colonel, Ipplepen, Devon. Duncan Brothers, London. Dennys and Co., London. Dick, Jeremiah, London. Duke, R., London. Duppa, B. E., New Zealand House, London.

Ellicombe, Rev. Richard, Alphington, Devon. Ellicombe, Rev. William Rouse, Clyst St. George, Devon. Eales, Richard, Eastdon House, Dawlish. Elliott, Doctor, M. D., Exeter. Evans, Richard, Exeter. Evans, H. C, Bristol, (two copies). Eagle, Thomas, Bloxham, Banbury, (eight copies). Evans, H. S., Australian Emigration Office, London. Eddison, W. E., Walbrook, London. Edwards, H. and Son, Woodbridge.

Follet, Sir William Webb, Knight, M. P., London. Forrest, Sir Diggory, Knight, Exmouth. Fulford, Colonel, Great Fulford, Devon. Flint, Captain, Cheltenham. Fitze, James, Exeter. Farrant, Frederick Granby, Exeter. Friend, William, St. Thomas', Exeter. Fouracre, Robert, St. Thomas', Exeter. Fearnhead, Peter, Ashby-de-la-Zouche. Farthing, John, Cornhill, London. Franklin, Michael, Exeter. Fisher, Thomas, Bath, (two copies). Fowler, Charles, Gordon-square, London. Francis, James, St. Thomas', Exeter. Formby, John, Liverpool. Frodsham, Henry, Liverpool. Forbes, R., jun., London. Finzi and Williams, London. Forster, Matthew, London.

Girdlestone, Samuel, Aston Terrace, Regent's Park. Greenwood, Rev. Robert, Colleton Raleigh. Glendinning, Richard, St. Thomas', Exeter. Gray, Miss, St. Thomas', Exeter. Gray, Miss M. A., St. Thomas', Exeter. Gray, Thomas William, St. Thomas', Exeter. Gabriel, William, Cullompton. Gould, Thomas, St. Thomas', Exeter. Gray, G., Helston. Gould, Joseph, Newhall, Devon. Gordon, James, Liverpool.

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text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Drury, Lieut.-Colonel Edward Robert


text: The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Dry, Hon. Sir Richard


text:
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 Greenway, James, Monte Video. Gould, John, Poltimore, Devon. Greenway, James, Liverpool, (eight copies). Gray, Miss Ellen, Bordeaux, France. Gray, Miss Elizabeth, Archangel, Russia. Gardner, Thomas, Plymouth. Godsell, F. and E., London. Godard, P. and Co., Cognac, France. Godard, Philip, Bordeaux, France. Garratt, John, Bishop's Court, Devon. Gillon, John and Co., Leith.

Hamilton, Alexander Hamilton, Retreat, Devon. Huyshe, Rev. John, Clysthydon, Devon. Huish, Rev. John, Dix's Fields, Exeter. Harrington, Rev. E. C, A. M., Exeter. Horrell, George, Exeter. Horrell, George T., Exeter. Hussy, Thomas, Waybrooke, Devon. Hawkins, Knowling H., Torrington. Hartnol, Thomas, St. Thomas', Exeter, (two copies). Hilman, J., London. Hunter, T., Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Harvey, Rev. W., Truro. Hartnoll, H. F., St. Thomas', Devon. Hubbard, Charles, Exeter. Ham, James, Exeter. Huxham, Frederick, St. Thomas', Exeter. Harvey, Robert, Exeter. Hughes, Mrs. Edward, Falmouth. Hammond, F., Alphington, Devon. Hatson, Campbell, Gordon Place, Tavistock Square, London. Horrell, Thomas Wills, Exeter. Hawkins, Miss, Exeter. Hodge, James, St. Thomas', Exeter. Hewet, Captain, R. V., St. Thomas', Exeter. Hill, Lieutenant John, R. N., Falmouth. Hodge, J., Helston. Hatchard, Thomas, Helston. Helston Book Club, Helston. Helston Reading Room and Library. Hex, Thomas, St. Thomas', Exeter. Huish, Abraham, Broadcast, Devon. Hill, Christopher, Exeter. Hogg, H. L., Clyst Honiton, Devon. Hart, Thomas, Stoke Cottage, Exeter. Hall, T., Woodbury, Devon. Houghton, G. and Sons, London. Haycock, Joseph, London.

title: Page:Rambles in New Zealand.djvu/116


text:
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 Hills, Son, and Underwood, London. Horton and Alder, London. Harvey, Barrett, London. Hepworth, W. and Co., London. Henning, Andrew, London. Henekey, Kislingbury, and Co., London.

James, Francis, Helston. James, Mrs., Helston. Jones, George, London. Ireland, John, St. Thomas', Exeter.

Kennaway, Sir John, Bart., Escot, Devon. Kekewich, G. G., Summerlands, Exeter. Kennaway, William, Exeter. Knowles, Stephen, Exeter, (two copies). Kingdon, Thomas, Chapple, Thorverton. Kingdon, William, Haccombe, Devon. Kingdon, William P., Exeter. Knott, Thomas, Exeter. Kendal, Walter, Budleigh. Kersterman, H. G., Colleton Crescent, Exeter. Kinsman, Mrs., Falmouth, (two copies). King, Richard, London.

Lowe, Rev. Thomas Hill, the Dean of Exeter. Leaf, Edwin, London. Loveband, Mr., Quarn, Dulverton. Lucas, Doctor, R. H., M. D., Exeter. Lindley, Doctor, Regent Street, London. Lee, Edward, Exeter. Lindon, J., Plymouth, (two copies). Lyddon, James, St. Thomas', Exeter. Lewis, Charles, Exeter. Lewis, Charles, jun., Exeter. Lewis, Captain F. L., R. E., Exeter. Lewis, Rev. Richard, Honiton. Lewis, Mrs., Heavitree, Devon. Lewis, Miss, Heavitree, Devon. Langdon, Mrs., Cross Mead, St. Thomas'. Langdon, Mrs. John, Cross Mead, St. Thomas'. Langdon, Mrs. William, Cross Mead, St. Thomas'. Langdon, Miss, Cross Mead, St. Thomas'. Lendon, Edward, Exeter. Land, Thomas, St. Thomas', Exeter. Latimer, Thomas, Exeter. Lee, William, Exeter. Ley, Rev. Jacob, Ashprington, Devon, (two copies). Lockett, George, Camden Town.

title: Page:Rambles in New Zealand.djvu/117


text:
Page:Rambles in New Zealand.djvu/118

 Mules, Mrs., Callington. Maunder, Robert, Exwick, Devon. Mills, Rev. W., D. D., Exeter. Milford, John, Coaver, Exeter. Marsh, James, Alphington Villa, Devon. Mackintosh, John, Exeter, (four copies). Medley, Rev. John, St. Thomas', Exeter. Mathews, Charles, St. Thomas', Exeter. Mathews, John, Bradninch, Devon. Mathews, John, Clysthydon, Devon. Mathews, Henry, Bradninch, Devon. Mansford, T., Beaufort Buildings, Bath, (two copies). Mortimer, Samuel, Fort Barbican, Exeter. Mudge, John, Brampford Speke, Devon. Matthews, Henry, Exeter, (four copies). Mortimer, William, Exeter. Mortimer, George, Dunsford, Devon. Maunder, Samuel, Exminster, Devon. Manning, J., New Bank Buildings, London. Moxhay, R. H., Heavitree, Devon. Mackintosh and Co., Cheapside, London, (four copies). Maingy, Captain Peter, R. N., Stonehouse. Mitchell, Mr., Helston. Mason, Joseph, Exeter. Marzetti, J. G., London, (fifty copies). Marshall, John, Liverpool. Mortimer, Mrs., Colyton, Devon. Mohon and Simons, London. May, Thomas, London. Moule, William, London. Mouat, John, London. Muir, John and Sons, Edinburgh.

Northcot, Joseph, Ide, Devon. Nunn, J., Charles Street, Bath, (two copies). Newman, F. J., Exeter. Norrie, T. J., London. Norton, William, London. Newman, John, London.

Owen, Thomas, jun., St. Thomas', Devon. Oldham, Henry, Liverpool. Oakwood Iron Company, London.

Parker, Montague, E. N., M. P., Whiteway, Devon. Pitman, Rev. John, Broadhempston, Devon. Pyle, Rev. Samuel, Topsham, (three copies). Ponsford, Luke, St. Thomas', Devon. Pates, William, Exeter.

title: Page:Rambles in New Zealand.djvu/118


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 Perkins, Samuel S., Exeter. Pym, Miss, St. Thomas', Exeter. Pym, John, London. Pigou and Wilks, London, (two copies). Packer, John, Aqueduct, Bath, (two copies). Pender, Miss, Falmouth. Pince, R. T., Nurseryman, Devon. Pye, George, Exeter. Pridham, Edward P., Exeter. Pastorelli, A. C, London. Peppin, Rev. S. H., Branscombe, Devon.

Rolle, Right Honourable Lord, Bicton, Devon, (four copies). Rolle, Right Honourable Lady, Bicton, Devon, (four copies). Rabone, Edward, Birmingham, (eight copies). Rabone, Mrs., Birmingham. Rathbone, William, Greenbank, Liverpool, (four copies). Rathbone, Richard, Woodcroft, Liverpool, (four copies). Ross, F. W. L., Broadway-house, Topsham. Radford, Benjamin, Montpelier, Devon. Radford, W. T. A.,do.do. Rawling, William, Exeter. Roberts, Miss, Falmouth. Rossiter, Edward, Exeter. Read, Mr., Helston. Roberts, C. R., Fort-hill, Barum. Ridge, William, Exeter. Royal Bank of Australia, London. Rew, W. P., London. Robinson, E. B., London.

Stevens, Rev. Archdeacon John Moore, Otterton, Devon. Strangways, Rev. H., Rewe, Devon. Sillifant, John, jun., Coombe, Crediton. Smythe, Capt. R. E., Pennsylvania, Exeter. Splat, Henry Collins, Exeter. Snow, Thomas, Franklyn, St. Thomas. Short, Capt. W. P., Heavitree, Devon. Scot, Charles Davison, Euston Place, Euston Square, London. Scot, Miss,do.do.do. Salter, Rev. W., Mount Radford, Exeter. Salter, Thomas U., Heavitree, Devon. Salter, Charles, Clysthydon, Devon. Salter, Benjamin, Mount Radford, Devon. Stogdon, John, Exeter. Saunders, Richard, Exeter. Smith, Abraham, Jun., Honiton Clyst, Devon. Savery, Richard, Bovey Tracey, Devon. Skinner, John, Exeter.

title: Page:Rambles in New Zealand.djvu/119


text:
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 Sercombe, John Clampit, Exeter. Southcot, Edward, Topshom. Symes, William, Tavistock Square, London. Scadding, Edwin, Gordon Street, London. Scadding, Mrs.,do.do. Saunders, Christopher, Heavitree, Devon. Scanes, John, St. Thomas', Exeter. Sharland, George, Exeter. Scarse, Mr., Helston. Symonds, Samuel F., Liverpool. Sawer, Thomas, Exeter. Sutton, Robert, Flushing. Shirreff, C, Beacon House, Devon. Snook, J. S., Colyton, Devon. Symes, Miss, Colyton, Devon. Symonds and Son, London. Swayne, G., London. Sampson, L., London. Seymour, T., London. Selson, G., London. Smith, James, Camden Town.

Thomas, Lieut. General, Strete Raleigh, Devon. Tyrrell, John, St. Leonard's, Devon, (four copies). Terrell, James, Exeter, (six copies). Tregellis, Edwin 0., Cottage, Falmouth, (six copies). Turner, William, Walcot Buildings, Bath, (two copies). Tremlet, Richard H., Exeter. Troode, Edward, Exminster, Devon. Tanner, Frederick, Exeter. Turner, George, Alphington, Devon. Trewman, R. J., Exeter. Tanner, W. H., Exeter, (two copies). Towsey, W. H., Lympstone. Trix, John, Exeter. Tucker, William, Exeter. Templeton, James, A. M., Exeter. Tucker, Rev. H. T., Upottery. Thornton, Henry, Hampton Court. Tothill, T. C, Topsham. Townend, William, Bread Street, London. Thomas, J. L., St. Thomas', Exeter. Tombs, T., Exeter. Toll, Capt. H. T., Perridge, Devon. Tripp, Rev. R. H., St. Sidwell's, Exeter. Thornley, Joseph, London.

Veitch, James, and Son, Nurserymen, Exeter, (four copies). Veitch, Thomas, Broadclist, Devon.

title: Page:Rambles in New Zealand.djvu/120


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 Vyse, Thomas, Cripplegate Buildings, London. Vignrs, John, Falmouth. Vigurs, Richard, M. B., Falmouth.

Williams, Capt., R. N., Sowdon Lympstone. Wade, Colonel, Poor Law Commissioner, Devon, (four copies). Walkey, Rev. Charles E., Clyst St. Lawrence, Devon. Worthy, Rev. Charles, Exeter. Wilkinson, W. J. P., Exeter. Wilcocks, J. P., Plymouth, (two copies). Wilcocks, J. M., Spurbarne, Devon, (two copies). White, Edward, St. Thomas', Exeter. Ward, Joel H.,do.do. Wake, James, Heavitree, Devon. Ward, William, Broadclist, Devon. Wescot, Miss, Mount Radford, Exeter. Woodman, Thomas, Cross, Alphington. Woodman, William, Exeter. Wickham, Mrs., Birmingham. Woolcombe, Mrs. Capt. Edward, R. N., Exeter. Ware, John, Exeter. Westmot, J. L., St. John's, New Brunswick. Walker, D. R. G., Budleigh Salterton, Devon. Williams, Charles, Torquay, Devon. Walsh, Captain, Colyford, Devon. Walton, Charles, London. Wardrop and Ewart, London. Whyte, J. B., London. Woodley, W. and J., London. Wood, M. and Co., London.

Yzarn, J. B., London. Yarde, Edward, Crediton. York, Mr., Helston. Yglesias, M., London. Yglesias, J. R., London.

THE END.

title: Page:Rambles in New Zealand.djvu/121


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Page:The European Concert in the Eastern Question.djvu/88

 Powers to advise submission, and was suppressed only by the appearance of the Turkish fleet off Vathy. In December, 1834, the Porte issued a Firman in accordance with the terms of the note of 10th December, 1832, and the three Powers announced that, should it not be accepted within three months, their mediation would be withdrawn, Samos would lose its right to a separate flag, and its inhabitants would be exposed to ‘the disastrous consequences of a rash resistance to the commands of the Grand Signor.

Disturbances again occurred in the autumn of 1835, but resistance soon ceased, and the island has since lived under the constitution which had been secured to it by the intervention of the Powers.

At the time when it was decided by the Powers that Crete should remain a part of the Ottoman Empire, the insurrection was still in progress, and its suppression was by no means an easy task. The Sultan was therefore not sorry to hand over the business to Mehemet Ali, the Pasha of Egypt, who was accordingly invested with the governorship of the island, partly by way of reward for his services in the matter of Greece, partly in consideration of a present to his suzerain of 20,000,000 Turkish piastres. In October, 1830, an Egyptian army landed in Crete, and by the spring of the following year had reduced it to subjection. It has since remained a discontented Turkish province, breaking out into revolt in 1833, in 1840, after the forced resignation of Mehemet Ali, in 1859, and notably in 1866–8. On the last mentioned occasion the


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, Louisa, and Olive climbed the steps to go to the South-Western platform. They were laden with dress-baskets, umbrellas, and little packages. Olive and Louisa, at least, were in high spirits. Olive stopped before the indicator.

“The next train for Waterloo,” she announced, in her contralto voice, “is 10.30. It is now 10.12.”

“We go by the 10.40; it is a better train,” said Helena.

Olive turned to her with a heavy-arch manner.

“Very well, dear. There is a parting to be got through, I am told. We sympathize, dear, but we regret it. Starting for a holiday is always a prolonged agony. But I am strong to endure it.”

“You look it. You look as if you could tackle a bull,” cried Louisa, skittish.

“My dear Louisa,” rang out Olive’s contralto, “don’t judge me by appearances. You’re sure to be taken in. With me it’s a case of

She looked round to see the effect of this. Helena, expected to say something, chimed in sarcastically:

“”


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232 “When she’s going for a holiday, dear,” cried Olive.

“Oh, go on being mad,” cried Louisa.

“What, do you like it? I thought you’d be thanking Heaven that sanity was given me in large doses.”

“And holidays in small,” laughed Louisa. “Good! No, I like your madness, if you call it such. You are always so serious.”

“ ‘It’s ill talking of halters in the house of the hanged,’ dear,” boomed Olive.

She looked from side to side. She felt triumphant. Helena smiled, acknowledging the sarcasm.

“But,” said Louisa, smiling anxiously, “I don’t quite see it. What’s the point?”

“Well, to be explicit, dear,” replied Olive, “it is hardly safe to accuse me of sadness and seriousness in this trio.”

Louisa laughed and shook herself.

“Come to think of it, it isn’t,” she said.

Helena sighed, and walked down the platform. Her heart was beating thickly; she could hardly breathe. The station lamps hung low, so they made a ceiling of heat and dusty light. She suffocated under them. For a moment she beat with hysteria, feeling, as most of us feel when sick on a hot summer night, as if she must certainly go crazed, smothered under the grey, woolly blanket of heat. Siegmund was late. It was already twenty-five minutes past ten.

She went towards the booking-office. At that moment Siegmund came on to the platform.

“Here I am!” he said. “Where is Louisa?”

Helena pointed to the seat without answering. She was looking at Siegmund. He was distracted by the


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Rh excitement of the moment, so she could not read him.

“Olive is there, too,” she explained.

Siegmund stood still, straining his eyes to see the two women seated amidst pale wicker dress-baskets and dark rugs. The stranger made things more complex.

“Does she—your other friend—does she know?” he asked.

“She knows nothing,” replied Helena in a low tone, as she led him forward to be introduced.

“How do you do?” replied Olive in most mellow contralto. “Behold the dauntless three, with their traps! You will see us forth on our perils?”

“I will, since I may not do more,” replied Siegmund, smiling, continuing: “And how is Sister Louisa?”

“She is very well, thank you. It is her turn now,” cried Louisa, vindictive, triumphant.

There was always a faint animosity in her bearing towards Siegmund. He understood, and smiled at her enmity, for the two were really good friends.

“It is your turn now,” he repeated, smiling, and he turned away.

He and Helena walked down the platform.

“How did you find things at home?” he asked her.

“Oh, as usual,” she replied indifferently. “And you?”

“Just the same,” he answered. He thought for a moment or two, then added: “The children are happier without me.”

“Oh, you mustn’t say that kind of thing!” protested Helena miserably. “It’s not true.”

It’s all right, dear,” he answered. “So long as


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234 they are happy, it’s all right.” After a pause he added: “But I feel pretty bad to-night.”

Helena’s hand tightened on his arm. He had reached the end of the platform. There he stood, looking up the line which ran dark under a haze of lights. The high red signal-lamps hung aloft in a scarlet swarm; farther off, like spangles shaking downwards from a burst sky-rocket, was a tangle of brilliant red and green signal-lamps settling. A train with the warm flare on its thick column of smoke came thundering upon the lovers. Dazed, they felt the yellow bar of carriage-windows brush in vibration across their faces. The ground and the air rocked. Then Siegmund turned his head to watch the red and the green lights in the rear of the train swiftly dwindle on the darkness. Still watching the distance where the train had vanished, he said:

“Dear, I want you to promise that, whatever happens to me, you will go on. Remember, dear, two wrongs don’t make a right.”

Helena swiftly, with a movement of terror, faced him, looking into his eyes. But he was in the shadow, she could not see him. The flat sound of his voice, lacking resonance—the dead, expressionless tone—made her lose her presence of mind. She stared at him blankly.

“What do you mean? What has happened? Something has happened to you. What has happened at home? What are you going to do?” she said sharply. She palpitated with terror. For the first time she felt powerless. Siegmund was beyond her grasp. She was afraid of him. He had shaken away her hold over him.


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Rh “There is nothing fresh the matter at home,” he replied wearily. He was to be scourged with emotion again. “I swear it,” he added. “And I have not made up my mind. But I can’t think of life without you—and life must go on.”

“And I swear,” she said wrathfully, turning at bay, “that I won’t live a day after you.”

Siegmund dropped his head. The dead spring of his emotion swelled up scalding hot again. Then he said, almost inaudibly: “Ah, don’t speak to me like that, dear. It is late to be angry. When I have seen your train out to-night there is nothing left.”

Helena looked at him, dumb with dismay, stupid, angry.

They became aware of the porters shouting loudly that the Waterloo train was to leave from another platform.

“You’d better come,” said Siegmund, and they hurried down towards Louisa and Olive.

“We’ve got to change platforms,” cried Louisa, running forward and excitedly announcing the news.

“Yes,” replied Helena, pale and impassive.

Siegmund picked up the luggage.

“I say,” cried Olive, rushing to catch Helena and Louisa by the arm, “look—look—both of you—look at that hat!” A lady in front was wearing on her hat a wild and dishevelled array of peacock feathers. “It’s the sight of a lifetime. I wouldn’t have you miss it,” added Olive in hoarse sotto voce.

“Indeed not!” cried Helena, turning in wild exasperation to look. “Get a good view of it, Olive. Let’s have a good mental impression of it—one that will last.”


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236 “That’s right, dear,” said Olive, somewhat non-plussed by this outburst.

Siegmund had escaped with the heaviest two bags. They could see him ahead, climbing the steps. Olive readjusted herself from the wildly animated to the calmly ironical.

“After all, dear,” she said, as they hurried in the tail of the crowd, “it’s not half a bad idea to get a man on the job.”

Louisa laughed aloud at this vulgar conception of Siegmund.

“Just now, at any rate,” she rejoined.

As they reached the platform the train ran in before them. Helena watched anxiously for an empty carriage. There was not one.

“Perhaps it is as well,” she thought. “We needn’t talk. There will be three-quarters of an hour at Waterloo. If we were alone, Olive would make Siegmund talk.”

She found a carriage with four people, and hastily took possession. Siegmund followed her with the bags. He swung these on the rack, and then quickly received the rugs, umbrellas, and packages from the other two. These he put on the seats or anywhere, while Helena stowed them. She was very busy for a moment or two; the racks were full. Other people entered; their luggage was troublesome to bestow.

When she turned round again she found Louisa and Olive seated, but Siegmund was outside on the platform, and the door was closed. He saw her face move as if she would cry to him. She restrained herself, and immediately called:


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Rh “You are coming? Oh, you are coming to Waterloo?”

He shook his head.

“I cannot come.” he said.

She stood looking blankly at him for some moments, unable to reach the door because of the portmanteau thrust through with umbrellas and sticks, which stood on the floor between the knees of the passengers. She was helpless. Siegmund was repeating deliriously in his mind:

“Oh—go—go—go—when will she go?”

He could not bear her piteousness. Her presence made him feel insane.

“Would you like to come to the window?” a man asked of Helena kindly.

She smiled suddenly in his direction, without perceiving him. He pulled the portmanteau under his legs, and Helena edged past. She stood by the door, leaning forward with some of her old protective grace, her “Hawwa” spirit evident. Benign and shielding, she bent forward, looking at Siegmund. But her face was blank with helplessness, with misery of helplessness. She stood looking at Siegmund, saying nothing. His forehead was scorched and swollen, she noticed sorrowfully, and beneath one eye the skin was blistered. His eyes were bloodshot and glazed in a kind of apathy; they filled her with terror. He looked up at her because she wished it. For himself, he could not see her; he could only recoil from her. All he wished was to hide himself in the dark, alone. Yet she wanted him, and so far he yielded. But to go to Waterloo he could not yield.

The people in the carriage, made uneasy by this


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238 strange farewell, did not speak. There were a few taut moments of silence. No one seems to have strength to interrupt these spaces of irresolute anguish. Finally, the guard’s whistle went. Siegmund and Helena clasped hands. A warm flush of love and healthy grief came over Siegmund for the last time. The train began to move, drawing Helena’s hand from his.

“Monday,” she whispered—“Monday,” meaning that on Monday she should receive a letter from him. He nodded, turned, hesitated, looked at her, turned and walked away. She remained at the window watching him depart.

“Now, dear, we are manless,” said Olive in a whisper. But her attempt at a joke fell dead. Everybody was silent and uneasy.


text: The Trespasser/Chapter 26

title: The Trespasser/Chapter 26


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Knabl, Joseph

KNABL, Joseph, a Tyrolese sculptor, born at Fliess in 1821. He is the son of a farmer, and studied first under a local artist, and subsequently in Munich, where he became in 1863 professor in the academy. He excels in mediæval statuary. His principal works represent religious subjects, as his “St. Anne and Mary,” for the Eichstädt cathedral, which obtained a prize in 1858 and his admission to the academy, and his masterpiece, the “Coronation of Mary,” for the high altar of the church of Our Lady in Munich.


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Knapp, Albert

KNAPP, Albert, a German poet, born in Tübingen, July 25, 1798, died in Stuttgart, June 18, 1864. After becoming pastor at Stuttgart, he applied himself to poetry, especially to the composition of hymns, and published a small volume of them annually between 1833 and 1853, under the title of Christoterpe. Among his other publications are three collections of poems (Stuttgart, 1829, 1834, and 1843), and Evangelischer Liederschatz für Kirche und Haus (1837; 3d ed., 1865), taken from the liturgies and hymns of every Christian century.


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Knapp, Georg Christian

KNAPP, Georg Christian, a German theologian, born in Halle, Sept. 17, 1753, died there, Oct. 14, 1825. He was educated in the orphan school at Halle, founded by Francke, of which his father was director, and in the universities of Halle and Göttingen. In 1777 he became extraordinary, and in 1782 ordinary professor of theology at Halle, maintaining a system of rational supernaturalism, seeking to harmonize revelation with the theoretical and the practical reason. His Vorlesungen über die Christliche Glaubenslehre has been translated into English, with additions, by Leonard Woods, jr., D.D.


text:
SecNav to oversee enemy combatant admin review

=SecNav to oversee enemy combatant admin review=

Special release from the U.S. Department of Defense

The Department of Defense announced June 23 that Secretary of the Navy Gordon R. England has been named the designated civilian official to oversee the annual administrative review of the continued detention of enemy combatants at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, Cuba.

As the designated civilian official, England will operate and oversee the review process to assess whether each detainee held by the Department of Defense at Guantanamo should be released, transferred or should continue to be detained.

During the review, each detainee will have an opportunity to appear in person before a board of three military officers and provide factual data to support his release.

The detainee will be provided a military officer to assist him. In addition, the review board will accept written information from the family and national government of the detainee.

Based on all of this information, as well as submissions by other U.S. government agencies, the board will make a recommendation to England who will decide whether to release, transfer or continue to detain the individual.

England has assembled a joint civilian and military team that is developing a detailed, comprehensive process to expedite the review of detainee records and establish review boards in the near future.

This process will provide an annual review of each enemy combatant and will assist DoD in fulfilling its commitment to help ensure no one is detained any longer than is warranted, and that no one is released who remains a threat to our nation’s security.


text: Talk:SecNav to oversee enemy combatant admin review


text:
Page:Sacred Books of the East - Volume 1.djvu/102

 first chapter of the Aitareya-âranyaka is a mere continuation of the Aitareya-brÂhmana, and gives the description of the Mahâvrata, the last day but one of the Gavâmayana, a sattra or sacrifice which is supposed to last a whole year. The duties which are to be performed by the Hotri priests are described in the Aitareya-âranyaka; not all, however, but those only which are peculiar to the Mahâvrata day. The general rules for the performance of the Mahâvrata are to be taken over from other sacrifices, such as the Visvagit, Katurvimsa, &c, which form the type (prakriti) of the Mahâvrata. Thus the two sastras or recitations, called âgya-praüga, are taken over from the Visvagit, the sastras of the Hotrakas from the Katurvimsa. The Mahâvrata is treated here as belonging to the Gavâmayana sattra, which is described in a different Sâkhâ, see Taittirîya Samhitâ VII, 5, 8, and partly in other Vedas. It is the day preceding the udayanîya, the last day of the sattra. It can be celebrated, however, by itself also, as an ekâha or ahîna sacrifice, and in the latter case it is the tenth day of the Ekadasarâtra (eleven nights sacrifice) called Pundarîka. Sâyana does not hesitate to speak of the Aitareya-âranyaka as a part of the Brâhmana ; and a still earlier authority, Sankara, by calling the Aitareya-upanishad by the name of Bahvrika-brâhmana-upanishad, seems to imply that both the Upanishad and the Âranyaka may be classed as Brâhmana. The Aitareya-âranyaka appears at first sight a miscellaneous work, consisting of liturgical treatises in the first, fourth, and fifth Âranyakas, and of three Upanishads, in the second and third Âranyakas. This, however, is not the case. The first Âranyaka is purely liturgical, giving a description of the Mahâvrata, so far as it concerns the Hotri priest. It is written in the ordinary Brâhmana style. Then follows the first Upanishad, Âranyaka II, 1-3, showing


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Page:Sacred Books of the East - Volume 1.djvu/138

24 the prastâva the sun, the udgîtha the sky, the pratihâra the fire, the nidhana the earth.

3. The worlds in an ascending and in a descending line belong to him who knowing this meditates on the fivefold Sâman as the worlds.

1. Let a man meditate on the fivefold Sâman as rain. The hinkâra is wind (that brings the rain); the prastâva is, 'the cloud is come'" the udgîtha is, 'it rains;' the pratihâra, 'it flashes, it thunders;'

2. The nidhana is, 'it stops.' There is rain for him, and he brings rain for others who thus knowing meditates on the fivefold Sâman as rain.

1. Let a man meditate on the fivefold Sâman in all waters. When the clouds gather, that is the hinkâra; when it rains, that is the prastâva; that which flows in the east, that is the udgîtha; that which flows in the west , that is the pratihâra; the sea is the nidhana.

2. He does not die in water, nay, he is rich in


text: Index:Rivers, Canals, Railways of Great Britain.djvu


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Knapp, Jacob

KNAPP, Jacob, an American clergyman, born in Otsego co., N. Y., Dec. 7, 1799, died in Rockford, Ill., March 2, 1874. He entered the theological institution at Hamilton, N. Y., in 1821, and began active work as pastor of the Baptist church in Springfield, N. Y., where he also managed a farm. From there he moved to Watertown, N. Y., where also he was at the same time pastor of a church and manager of a large farm, displaying a full degree of energy and capacity in each occupation. In 1832 he experienced deeper religious impressions, which he himself was accustomed to call his second conversion; and from that time he gave up his secular employment, and undertook a wider work as an evangelist. He applied to the New York state Baptist convention for appointment as their missionary; but as they hesitated to appoint him, he began preaching as an evangelist on his own responsibility. He preached at first in school houses and obscure churches, but was soon sought by the largest churches and most distinguished pastors. In Baltimore, Boston, and New York vast

attended his preaching, and such excitement prevailed that mobs threatened him and his hearers, and the protection of the civil authorities was necessary. His preaching was stern and terrible, yet cultivated and able men were moved by it, as well as the populace. Thousands believed themselves converted under his ministry. A few years before his death he visited California. In his old age he had acquired, by several judicious business investments, a comfortable competency, which he proposed shortly before his death to distribute among the benevolent societies of his church.


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hurried down the platform, wincing at every stride, from the memory of Helena’s last look of mute, heavy yearning. He gripped his fists till they trembled; his thumbs were again closed under his fingers. Like a picture on a cloth before him he still saw Helena’s face, white, rounded, in feature quite mute and expressionless, just made terrible by the heavy eyes, pleading dumbly. He thought of her going on and on, still at the carriage window looking out; all through the night rushing west and west to the land of Isolde. Things began to haunt Siegmund like a delirium. He knew not where he was hurrying. Always in front of him, as on a cloth, was the face of Helena, while somewhere behind the cloth was Cornwall, a far-off lonely place where darkness came on intensely. Sometimes he saw a dim, small phantom in the darkness of Cornwall, very far off. Then the face of Helena, white, inanimate as a mask, with heavy eyes, came between again.

He was almost startled to find himself at home, in the porch of his house. The door opened. He remembered to have heard the quick thud of feet. It was Vera. She glanced at him, but said nothing. Instinctively she shrank from him. He passed without


text:
Page:The European Concert in the Eastern Question.djvu/89

 Great Powers took some steps towards mediating between the Porte and its dependency, and though they eventually declined any further responsibility in the matter, it was through their influence that the Sultan was induced, in the course of the autumn of 1867 and the spring of 1868, to grant to the island, by way of constitution, an Organic Law, which in its completed form was read to the General Assembly on 15th February of the latter year.

The Cretans remained dissatisfied, and stated their grievances to the Conferences held at Paris in 1869, and at Constantinople in 1876.

By Article 23 of the Treaty of Berlin, ‘The Porte undertakes scrupulously to apply in the Island of Crete the Organic Law of 1868, with such modifications as may be considered equitable .’

A Firman embodying certain modifications of the Law was accordingly drafted, after conferences between the Sultan's Commissioners and the Cretan Assembly, and was taken out to Crete by the new governor-general, Carathéodory Pasha, towards the end of November 1878. On the 14th of that month it had been laid on the table of the Commission for framing a constitution for Eastern Roumelia; a step which was, however, thought by the representatives of the Powers not to be required by the Treaty.


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240 noticing her. She stood on the door-mat, fastening the door, striving to find something to say to him.

“You have been over an hour,” she said, still more troubled when she found her voice shaking. She had no idea what alarmed her.

“Ay,” returned Siegmund.

He went into the dining-room and dropped into his chair, with his head between his hands. Vera followed him nervously.

“Will you have anything to eat?” she asked.

He looked up at the table, as if the supper laid there were curious and incomprehensible. The delirious lifting of his eyelids showed the whole of the dark pupils and the blood-shot white of his eyes. Vera held her breath with fear. He sank his head again and said nothing. Vera sat down and waited. The minutes ticked slowly off. Siegmund neither moved nor spoke. At last the clock struck midnight. She was weary with sleep, querulous with trouble.

“Aren’t you going to bed?” she asked.

Siegmund heard her without paying any attention. He seemed only to half hear. Vera waited awhile, then repeated plaintively:

“Aren’t you going to bed, father?”

Siegmund lifted his head and looked at her. He loathed the idea of having to move. He looked at her confusedly.

“Yes, I’m going,” he said, and his head dropped again. Vera knew he was not asleep. She dared not leave him till he was in his bedroom. Again she sat waiting.

“Father!” she cried at last.


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Rh He started up, gripping the arms of his chair, trembling.

“Yes, I’m going,” he said.

He rose, and went unevenly upstairs. Vera followed him close behind.

“If he reels and falls backwards he will kill me,” she thought, but he did not fall. From habit he went into the bathroom. While trying to brush his teeth he dropped the tooth-brush on to the floor.

“I’ll pick it up in the morning,” he said, continuing deliriously: “I must go to bed—I must go to bed—I am very tired.” He stumbled over the door-mat into his own room.

Vera was standing behind the unclosed door of her room. She heard the sneck of his lock. She heard the water still running in the bathroom, trickling with the mysterious sound of water at dead of night. Screwing up her courage, she went and turned off the tap. Then she stood again in her own room, to be near the companionable breathing of her sleeping sister, listening. Siegmund undressed quickly. His one thought was to get into bed.

“One must sleep,” he said as he dropped his clothes on the floor. He could not find the way to put on his sleeping-jacket, and that made him pant. Any little thing that roused or thwarted his mechanical action aggravated his sickness till his brain seemed to be bursting. He got things right at last, and was in bed.

Immediately he lapsed into a kind of unconsciousness. He would have called it sleep, but such it was not. All the time he could feel his brain working ceaselessly, like a machine running with unslackening 16


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242 rapidity. This went on, interrupted by little flickerings of consciousness, for three or four hours. Each time he had a glimmer of consciousness he wondered if he made any noise.

“What am I doing? What is the matter? Am I unconscious? Do I make any noise? Do I disturb them?” he wondered, and he tried to cast back to find the record of mechanical sense impression. He believed he could remember the sound of inarticulate murmuring in his throat. Immediately he remembered, he could feel his throat producing the sounds. This frightened him. Above all things, he was afraid of disturbing the family. He roused himself to listen. Everything was breathing in silence. As he listened to this silence he relapsed into his sort of sleep.

He was awakened finally by his own perspiration. He was terribly hot. The pillow, the bedclothes, his hair, all seemed to be steaming with hot vapour, whilst his body was bathed in sweat. It was coming light. Immediately he shut his eyes again and lay still. He was now conscious, and his brain was irritably active, but his body was a separate thing, a terrible, heavy, hot thing over which he had slight control.

Siegmund lay still, with his eyes closed, enduring the exquisite torture of the trickling of drops of sweat. First it would be one gathering and running its irregular, hesitating way into the hollow of his neck. His every nerve thrilled to it, yet he felt he could not move more than to stiffen his throat slightly. While yet the nerves in the track of this drop were quivering, raw with sensitiveness, another drop would start from off the side of his chest, and trickle downwards among the little muscles of his side, to drip on to the bed.


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Rh It was like the running of a spider over his sensitive, moveless body. Why he did not wipe himself he did not know. He lay still and endured this horrible tickling, which seemed to bite deep into him, rather than make the effort to move, which he loathed to do. The drops ran off his forehead down his temples. Those he did not mind: he was blunt there. But they started again, in tiny, vicious spurts, down the sides of his chest, from under his armpits, down the inner sides of his thighs, till he seemed to have a myriad quivering tracks of a myriad running insects over his hot, wet, highly-sensitized body. His nerves were trembling, one and all, with outrage and vivid suspense. It became unbearable. He felt that, if he endured it another moment, he would cry out, or suffocate and burst.

He sat up suddenly, threw away the bedclothes, from which came a puff of hot steam, and began to rub his pyjamas against his sides and his legs. He rubbed madly for a few moments. Then he sighed with relief. He sat on the side of the bed, moving from the hot dampness of the place where he had lain. For a moment he thought he would go to sleep. Then, in an instant his brain seemed to click awake. He was still as loath as ever to move, but his brain was no longer clouded in hot vapour: it was clear. He sat, bowing forward on the side of the bed, his sleeping jacket open, the dawn stealing into the room, the morning air entering fresh through the wide-flung window-door. He felt a peculiar sense of guilt, of wrongness, in thus having jumped out of bed. It seemed to him as if he ought to have endured the heat of his body, and the infernal trickling of the drops of sweat. But at


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244 the thought of it he moved his hands gratefully over his sides, which now were dry, and soft, and smooth; slightly chilled on the surface perhaps, for he felt a sudden tremor of shivering from the warm contact of his hands.

Siegmund sat up straight: his body was re-animated. He felt the pillow and the groove where he had lain. It was quite wet and clammy. There was a scent of sweat on the bed, not really unpleasant, but he wanted something fresh and cool.

Siegmund sat in the doorway that gave on to the small veranda. The air was beautifully cool. He felt his chest again to make sure it was not clammy. It was smooth as silk. This pleased him very much. He looked out on the night again, and was startled. Somewhere the moon was shining duskily, in a hidden quarter of sky; but straight in front of him, in the north-west, silent lightning was fluttering. He waited breathlessly to see if it were true. Then, again, the pale lightning jumped up into the dome of the fading night. It was like a white bird stirring restlessly on its nest. The night was drenching thinner, greyer. The lightning, like a bird that should have flown before the arm of day, moved on its nest in the boughs of darkness, raised itself, flickered its pale wings rapidly, then sank again, loath to fly. Siegmund watched it with wonder and delight.

The day was pushing aside the boughs of darkness, hunting. The poor moon would be caught when the net was flung. Siegmund went out on the balcony to look at it. There it was, like a poor white mouse, a half-moon, crouching on the mound of its course. It would run nimbly over to the western


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Rh slope, then it would be caught in the net, and the sun would laugh, like a great yellow cat, as it stalked behind playing with its prey, flashing out its bright paws. The moon, before making its last run, lay crouched, palpitating. The sun crept forth, laughing to itself as it saw its prey could not escape. The lightning, however, leaped low off the nest like a bird decided to go, and flew away. Siegmund no longer saw it opening and shutting its wings in hesitation amid the disturbance of the dawn. Instead there came a flush, the white lightning gone. The brief pink butterflies of sunrise and sunset rose up from the mown fields of darkness, and fluttered low in a cloud. Even in the west they flew in a narrow, rosy swarm. They separated, thinned, rising higher. Some, flying up, became golden. Some flew rosy gold across the moon, the mouse-moon motionless with fear. Soon the pink butterflies had gone, leaving a scarlet stretch like a field of poppies in the fens. As a wind, the light of day blew in from the east, puff after puff filling with whiteness the space which had been the night. Siegmund sat watching the last morning blowing in across the mown darkness, till the whole field of the world was exposed, till the moon was like a dead mouse which floats on water.

When the few birds had called in the August morning, when the cocks had finished their crowing, when the minute sounds of the early day were astir, Siegmund shivered disconsolate. He felt tired again, yet he knew he could not sleep. The bed was repulsive to him. He sat in his chair at the open door, moving uneasily. What should have been sleep was an ache and a restlessness. He turned and twisted in his chair.


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246 “Where is Helena?” he asked himself, and he looked out on the morning.

Everything out of doors was unreal, like a show, like a peep-show. Helena was an actress somewhere in the brightness of this view. He alone was out of the piece. He sighed petulantly, pressing back his shoulders as if they ached. His arms, too, ached with irritation, while his head seemed to be hissing with angry irritability. For a long time he sat with clenched teeth, merely holding himself in check. In his present state of irritability everything that occurred to his mind stirred him with dislike or disgust. Helena, music, the pleasant company of friends, the sunshine of the country, each, as it offered itself to his thoughts, was met by an angry contempt, was rejected scornfully. As nothing could please or distract him, the only thing that remained was to support the discord. He felt as if he were a limb out of joint from the body of life: there occurred to his imagination a disjointed finger, swollen and discoloured, racked with pains. The question was, How should he reset himself into joint? The body of life for him meant Beatrice, his children, Helena, the Comic Opera, his friends of the orchestra. How could he set himself again into joint with these? It was impossible. Towards his family he would henceforward have to bear himself with humility. That was a cynicism. He would have to leave Helena, which he could not do. He would have to play strenuously, night after night, the music of “The Saucy Little Switzer,” which was absurd. In fine, it was all absurd and impossible. Very well, then, that being so, what remained possible? Why, to depart. “If thine hand offend thee, cut it off.”


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Rh He could cut himself off from life. It was plain and straightforward.

But Beatrice, his young children, without him! He was bound by an agreement which there was no discrediting to provide for them. Very well, he must provide for them. And then what? Humiliation at home, Helena forsaken, musical comedy night after night. That was insufferable—impossible! Like a man tangled up in a rope, he was not strong enough to free himself. He could not break with Helena and return to a degrading life at home; he could not leave his children and go to Helena.

Very well, it was impossible! Then there remained only one door which he could open in this prison corridor of life. Siegmund looked round the room. He could get his razor, or he could hang himself. He had thought of the two ways before. Yet now he was unprovided. His portmanteau stood at the foot of the bed, its straps flung loose. A portmanteau strap would do. Then it should be a portmanteau strap!

“Very well!” said Siegmund, “it is finally settled. I had better write to Helena, and tell her, and say to her she must go on. I’d better tell her.”

He sat for a long time with his notebook and a pencil, but he wrote nothing. At last he gave up.

“Perhaps it is just as well,” he said to himself. “She said she would come with me—perhaps that is just as well. She will go to the sea. When she knows, the sea will take her. She must know.

He took a card, bearing her name and her Cornwall address, from his pocket-book, and laid it on the dressing-table.


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248 “She will come with me,” he said to himself, and his heart rose with elation.

“That is a cowardice,” he added, looking doubtfully at the card, as if wondering whether to destroy it.

“It is in the hands of God. Beatrice may or may not send word to her at Tintagel. It is in the hands of God,” he concluded.

Then he sat down again.

“” he quoted to himself.

“It is not fear,” he said. “The act itself will be horrible and fearsome, but the after-death—it’s no more than struggling awake when you’re sick with a fright of dreams. ‘We are such stuff as dreams are made of.’ ”

Siegmund sat thinking of the after-death, which to him seemed so wonderfully comforting, full of rest, and reassurance, and renewal. He experienced no mystical ecstasies. He was sure of a wonderful kindness in death, a kindness which really reached right through life, though here he could not avail himself of it. Siegmund had always inwardly held faith that the heart of life beat kindly towards him. When he was cynical and sulky he knew that in reality it was only a waywardness of his.

The heart of life is implacable in its kindness. It may not be moved to fluttering of pity; it swings on uninterrupted by cries of anguish or of hate.

Siegmund was thankful for this unfaltering sternness of life. There was no futile hesitation between doom and pity. Therefore, he could submit and have faith. If each man by his crying could swerve the slow, sheer universe, what a doom of guilt he might gain. If


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Rh Life could swerve from its orbit for pity, what terror of vacillation; and who would wish to bear the responsibility of the deflection?

Siegmund thanked God that life was pitiless, strong enough to take his treasures out of his hands, and to thrust him out of the room; otherwise, how could he go with any faith to death; otherwise, he would have felt the helpless disillusion of a youth who finds his infallible parents weaker than himself.

“I know the heart of life is kind,” said Siegmund, “because I feel it. Otherwise I would live in defiance. But Life is greater than me or anybody. We suffer, and we don’t know why, often. Life doesn’t explain. But I can keep faith in it, as a dog has faith in his master. After all, Life is as kind to me as I am to my dog. I have, proportionally, as much zest. And my purpose towards my dog is good. I need not despair of Life.”

It occurred to Siegmund that he was meriting the old gibe of the atheists. He was shirking the responsibility of himself, turning it over to an imaginary god.

“Well,” he said, “I can’t help it. I do not feel altogether self-responsible.”

The morning had waxed during these investigations. Siegmund had been vaguely aware of the rousing of the house. He was finally startled into a consciousness of the immediate present by the calling of Vera at his door.

“There are two letters for you, father.”

He looked about him in bewilderment; the hours had passed in a trance, and he had no idea of his time or place.


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250 “Oh, all right,” he said, too much dazed to know what it meant. He heard his daughter going downstairs. Then swiftly returned over him the throbbing ache of his head and his arms, the discordant jarring of his body.

“What made her bring me the letters?” he asked himself. It was a very unusual attention. His heart replied, very sullen and shameful: “She wanted to know; she wanted to make sure I was all right.”

Siegmund forgot all his speculations on a divine benevolence. The discord of his immediate situation overcame every harmony. He did not fetch in the letters.

“Is it so late?” he said. “Is there no more time for me?”

He went to look at his watch. It was a quarter to nine. As he walked across the room he trembled, and a sickness made his bones feel rotten. He sat down on the bed.

“What am I going to do?” he asked himself.

By this time he was shuddering rapidly. A peculiar feeling, as if his belly were turned into nothingness, made him want to press his fists into his abdomen. He remained shuddering drunkenly, like a drunken man who is sick, incapable of thought or action.

A second knock came at the door. He started with a jolt.

“Here is your shaving-water,” said Beatrice cold tones. “It’s half-past nine.”

“All right,” said Siegmund, rising from the bed, bewildered.

“And what time shall you expect dinner?” asked Beatrice. She was still contemptuous.


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Rh “Any time. I’m not going out,” he answered.

He was surprised to hear the ordinary cool tone of his own voice, for he was shuddering uncontrollably, and was almost sobbing. In a shaking, bewildered, disordered condition he set about fulfilling his purpose. He was hardly conscious of anything he did; try as he would, he could not keep his hands steady in the violent spasms of shuddering, nor could he call his mind to think. He was one shuddering turmoil. Yet he performed his purpose methodically and exactly. In every particular he was thorough, as if he were the servant of some stern will. It was a mesmeric performance, in which the agent trembled with convulsive sickness.


text:
Love, Reproachful

 * Coates, Florence Earle (1904), "Love, Reproachful" in Mine and Thine (1904).
 * Coates, Florence Earle (1916), "Love Reproachful" in Poems II.

title: Love, Reproachful


text: The Trespasser/Chapter 27

title: The Trespasser/Chapter 27


text:
The Irish Shamrock in South Africa

 * Coates, Florence Earle (1904), "The Irish Shamrock in South Africa" in Mine and Thine (1904).
 * Coates, Florence Earle (1916), "The Irish Shamrock in South Africa" in Poems I.

title: The Irish Shamrock in South Africa


text:
Breathless We Strive

 * Coates, Florence Earle (1904), "Breathless We Strive" in The Century Magazine (September 1904).
 * Coates, Florence Earle (1904), "Breathless We Strive" in Mine and Thine (1904).
 * Coates, Florence Earle (1916), "Breathless We Strive" in Poems I.

title: Breathless We Strive


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Knapp, Ludwig Friedrich

KNAPP, Ludwig Friedrich, a German chemist, born at Michelstadt, Hesse-Darmstadt, Feb. 22, 1814. He studied under Liebig, graduated at Giessen as a chemist, and at the mint in Paris as an assayer. He was professor at Giessen from 1841 till the close of 1853, and subsequently in the economical institution of Munich. In 1856 he became inspector of the royal porcelain works, and in 1863 he went to Brunswick to teach chemistry at the polytechnic school. He has published Lehrbuch der chemischen Technologie (2 vols., Brunswick, 1847; translated into English by Ronalds and Richardson, 3 vols., London, 1848-'51, and by W. R. Johnson, 2 vols., Philadelphia, 1848-'9), and translated Percy's “Metallurgy” (1862). He has made some remarkable investigations relative to tanning.


text:
Compensation (Coates)

 * Coates, Florence Earle (1903), as "Winter's Sovereignty (Quatrain)" (as listed in Index to Volume XI) in The Era (February 1903).
 * Coates, Florence Earle (1904), "Compensation" in Mine and Thine (1904).
 * Coates, Florence Earle (1916), "Compensation" in Poems II.

title: Compensation (Coates)


text:
User talk:87.115.33.217

Welcome

Hello, and welcome to Wikisource! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

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title: User talk:87.115.33.217


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Knapp, Samuel Lorenzo

KNAPP, Samuel Lorenzo, an American author, born in Newburyport, Mass., in 1784, died in Hopkinton, Mass., July 8, 1838. He graduated at Dartmouth college in 1804, studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Massachusetts. He made his first appearance as an author in “Travels of Ali Bey” (18mo, Boston, 1818), a work purporting to give an eastern traveller's experiences of society in Boston and Cambridge. It was followed in 1821 by “Biographical Sketches of Eminent Lawyers and Statesmen and Men of Letters.” In 1828, having previously been connected as editor or contributor with several literary journals, he established himself in New York in the practice of his profession. Among his remaining works are: “Lectures on American Literature” (New York, 1829); “Sketches of Public Characters” (1830); “American Biography” (1833); “Life of Aaron Burr” (1835); “The Bachelor and other Tales” (1836); and “Female Biography of different Ages and Nations.” He was the author of a variety of occasional public addresses.


text:
User:Qwfp

__NOINDEX__

title: User:Qwfp


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Knaus, Ludwig

KNAUS, Ludwig, a German painter, born at Wiesbaden, Oct. 5, 1829. He studied in Düsseldorf, and became famous in 1850 by his admirable genre pictures of humble life. He resided in Paris from 1853 to 1861, in Berlin from 1861 to 1866, and in Düsseldorf from 1866 to 1874, when he was appointed minister of art at Berlin. Besides many portraits, his works include “The Gamblers,” “Peasants' Dance,” “The Funeral,” “A Fair, with a Chief hunted by the Police,” “The Gypsies,” “The

Golden Wedding,” “After Baptism,” “The Juggler in the Barn,” and more recently “The Coffee Hour” and “Mud Pies.” Engravings of his works are especially popular among the German peasantry.


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Knebel, Karl Ludwig von

KNEBEL, Karl Ludwig von, a German author, born at Wallerstein, Bavaria, Nov. 30, 1744, died in Jena, Feb. 23, 1834. His family were Protestant refugees from the Netherlands. He became an officer in the regiment of the Prussian crown prince, and was subsequently connected with the court at Weimar, and with Goethe, whose confidence he enjoyed. He made excellent translations, especially of Alfieri's “Saul,” and wrote poetry. Varnhagen von Ense and Mundt edited his literary remains and correspondence (3 vols., Leipsic, 1835), the latter furnishing a biographical notice, and Guhrauer published Knebel's Briefwechsel mit Goethe (2 vols., 1851).


text:
Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part III.djvu/20

Declassified per Executive Order 13526, Section 3.3 NND Project Number: NND 63316. By: NWD Date: 2011 TOP SECRET – Sensitive III. A. 2.

title: Page:Pentagon-Papers-Part III.djvu/20


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 02.djvu/176

 majority of people when they speak do so by recalling the auditory memories of words stored up in the auditory speech centre. Amnesia verbalis is employed to designate failure to call up in the memory the images of words which are needed for purposes of vocal expression or silent thought.

Visual Aphasia or Alexia.—The visual speech centre, which is located in the left angular gyrus, is connected with the two centres for vision which are situated one in either occipital lobe. Destruction of the visual speech centre produces visual aphasia or alexia. Word blindness, sometimes used as the equivalent of visual aphasia, is, like word deafness, a misleading term. The individual is not blind, he sees the words and letters perfectly, but they appear to him as unintelligible cyphers. When the visual speech centre is destroyed, the memories of the visual images of words are obliterated and interference with writing, a consequence of amnesia verbalis, results. On the other hand, when the lesion is situated deeply in the occipital lobe, and does not implicate the cortex, but merely cuts off the connexions of the angular gyrus with both visual centres, agraphia is not produced, for the visual word centre and its connexion with the graphic centre are still intact (pure, or sub-cortical word blindness).

Motor Vocal Aphasia or Aphemia.—The centre for motor vocal speech is situated in the posterior part of the third left frontal convolution and extends on to the foot of the left ascending frontal convolution (Broca’s convolution). Complete destruction of this region produces loss of speech, although it often happens that a few words, such as “yes” and “no,” and, it may be, emotional exclamations such as “Oh! dear!” and the like are retained. The utterance of unintelligible sounds is still possible, however, and there is neither defective voice production (aphonia) nor paralysis of the mechanism of articulation. The individual can recall the auditory and visual images of the words which he wishes to use, but his memory for the complicated, co-ordinated movements which he acquired in the process of learning to speak, and which are necessary for vocal expression, has been blotted out. In the great majority of cases of motor vocal aphasia there is associated agraphia, a circumstance which is perhaps to be accounted for by the proximity of the graphic centre. When the lesion is situated below the cortex of Broca’s convolution but destroys the fibres which pass from it towards the internal capsule, agraphia is not produced (sub-cortical or pure motor vocal aphasia). Destruction of the auditory speech centre is, as we have seen, commonly accompanied by more or less interference with vocal speech, a consequence of amnesia verbalis.

Agraphia.—Discussion still rages as to the presence of a special writing centre. Those who favour the separate existence of a graphic centre locate it in the second left frontal convolution. It may be that the want of unanimity as to the graphic centre is to be explained by an anatomical relationship so close between the graphic centre and that for the fine movement of the hand that a lesion in this situation which produces agraphia must at the same time cause a paralysis of the hand. Destruction of the visual speech centre by obliterating the visual memories of words (amnesia verbalis) produces agraphia. Further, several instances are on record in which agraphia has followed destruction of the commissure between the visual speech centre and the graphic centre. As already mentioned, agraphia is very often associated with motor vocal aphasia.

A number of aphasic defects are met with in addition to those already mentioned. Thus paraphasia is a condition in which the patient makes use of words other than those he intends. He may mix up his words so that his conversation is quite unintelligible. In the most pronounced forms he gabbles away, employing unrecognizable sounds in place of words (jargon and gibberish aphasia). Paragraphia is a similar defect which occurs in writing. Both paraphasia and paragraphia may be produced by partial lesions of the sensory speech centres or of the commissures which connect these with the motor centres. Object blindness (syn. mind-blindness) refers to an inability to recognize an object or its uses by the aid of sight alone. The probable explanation would seem to be that the ordinary centre for vision has been isolated from the other sensory centres with which it is connected. Not uncommonly there is associated visual aphasia. Optic aphasia was introduced to designate a somewhat similar state in which, although the uses of an object are recognized, the patient cannot name it at sight, yet, if it is of such a nature that it appeals directly to one of the other senses, he may at once be able to name it. Tactile aphasia, is a rare defect in which there exists an inability to recognize an object by touch alone although the qualities which, under normal circumstances, suffice for its detection can be accurately described. Amusia, or loss of the musical faculty, may occur in association with or independent of aphasia. There is reason for believing that special receptive and emissive centres exist for the musical sense exactly analogous to those for speech.

The speech centres are all supplied by the left middle cerebral artery. When this artery is blocked close to its origin by an embolus or thrombus, total aphasia results. It may be, however, that only one of the smaller branches of the artery is obstructed, and, according to the region of the brain to which this branch is distributed, one or more of the speech centres may be destroyed. Occlusion of the left posterior cerebral artery causes extensive softening of the occipital lobe and produces pure word blindness. Further, a tumour, abscess, haemorrhage or meningitis may be so situated as to damage or destroy the individual speech centres or their connecting commissures. The amount of recovery to be expected in any given case depends upon the nature, situation and extent of the lesion, and upon the age of the patient. Even after complete destruction of the speech centres, perfect recovery may take place, for the centres in the right hemisphere of the brain are capable of education. This is only possible in young individuals. In the great majority of instances the nature of the lesion is such as to render futile all treatment directed towards its removal. In suitable cases, however, the education of the right side of the brain may be very greatly assisted by an intelligent application of scientific methods.

APHELION (from Gr. , from, and  , sun), in astronomy, that point of the orbit of a planet at which it is most distant from the sun. Apogee, Apocentre, Aposaturnium, &c. are terms applied to those points of the orbit of a body moving around a centre of force—as the Earth, Saturn, &c.—at which it is farthest from the central body. APHEMIA (from Gr., without, and  , speech), in pathology, the loss of the power of speech (see ). APHIDES (pl. of Aphis), minute insects, also known as “plant-lice,” “blight,” and “green-fly,” belonging to the homopterous division of the order Hemiptera, with long antennae and legs, two-jointed, two-clawed tarsi, and usually a pair of abdominal tubes through which a waxy secretion is exuded. These tubes were formerly supposed to secrete the sweet substance known as “honey-dew” so much sought after by ants; but this is now known to come from the alimentary canal. Both winged and wingless forms of both sexes occur, and the wings when present are normal in number, that is to say two pairs. Apart from their importance from the economic standpoint, Aphides are chiefly remarkable for the phenomena connected with the propagation of the species. The following brief summary of what takes place in the plant-louse of the rose (Aphis rosae), may be regarded as typical of the family, though exceptions occur in other species: Eggs produced in the autumn by fertilized females remain on the plant through the winter and hatching in the spring give rise to female individuals which may be winged or wingless. From these females are born

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