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Weinmannia.]

2. W. racemosa, Linn. f. Suppl. 227.—A taller tree than W. sylvicola, frequently from 50–80 ft. high or more, with a trunk 1–4 ft. diam.; glabrous when mature, except the raceme, which is pubescent. Leaves of young plants pinnately 3–5-foliolate, thin and membranous, often pubescent; of mature plants 1-foliolate, 1–4 in. long, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate to orbicular-ovate, obtuse or subacute, coarsely and obtusely serrate, very coriaceous, quite glabrous. Racemes 1–4 in. long, axillary and terminal, sometimes branched; rachis pubescent; pedicels stout. Flowers numerous, very similar to those of W. sylvicola but rather larger. Ovary pubescent. Capsule $1⁄5$ in. long, 2–3-valved. Seeds hairy.—''Forst. Prodr. n. 173; A. Rich. Fl. Nouv. Zel. 321; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 80; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 61; Kirk, Forest Fl. t. 73; Students' Fl.'' 140. Leiospermum racemosum, ''Don. in Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. 1830, 91; A. Cunn. Precur.'' n. 519.

Succulent or fleshy herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, generally simple; stipules wanting. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. Calyx persistent, free, usually 3–5-fid or -partite. Petals as many as the sepals, free or more or less cohering into a lobed corolla, inserted at the base of the calyx. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, inserted with the petals and sometimes adnate to them. Ovary superior, of as many carpels as petals; carpels free or connate below, 1-celled, usually with a small gland or scale at the base of each; styles simple; ovules usually numerous, attached to the ventral suture (few in Tillæa). Fruit of several 1-celled follicles, dehiscing along the ventral suture. Seeds few or many, minute, albuminous; embryo terete, cotyledons short.

Small and slender somewhat succulent glabrous herbs. Leaves opposite, entire. Flowers minute, axillary, solitary or fascicled,


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144 Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 75; ''Handb. N.Z. Fl. 62; Benth. Fl. Austral.'' ii. 451; Kirk, Students' Fl. 144.

Herbs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves alternate, often rosulate, stipulate, usually furnished with glandular irritable hairs; vernation circinate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx 4–5-partite or divided into 4–5 free sepals, imbricate, persistent. Petals the same number, hypogynous, rarely perigynous, free or sometimes connate at the base. Stamens 4-5, rarely more, hypogynous or perigynous, rarely epipetalous. Ovary free or nearly so, 1–3-celled; styles 1–5, simple or bifid or multifid; ovules numerous, attached to parietal placentas equalling the styles in number. Capsule membranous, loculicidally 3–5-valved; seeds numerous, albuminous; embryo straight, axile.

Herbs, either scapigerous or with a leafy stem. Leaves rosulate or alternate, covered with numerous hair-stalked glands which secrete a drop of transparent viscid fluid. Stipules wanting or adnate to the base of the petiole. Flowers solitary or in terminal often one-sided racemes or cymes. Calyx 4–5-partite. Petals 4–5, hypogynous or rarely perigynous, marcescent. Stamens the same number. Ovary ovoid or globose, 1-celled; styles 2–5, free or connate below; ovules numerous, on 2–5 parietal placentas. Capsule oblong, 2–5-valved. Seeds minute; testa lax.

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150 4. H. spicata, ''Petrie in Trans. N.Z. Inst.'' xix. (1887) 325.—A slender erect or ascending sparingly branched herb 4–10 in. high, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves few, opposite, shortly petioled, ⅓–⅔ in. long, ovate or elliptic-ovate, acute or subacute, coriaceous, serrate, pubescent. Flowers in slender terminal branched panicles, sessile in the axils of minute opposite or alternate bracts; terminal 1–3 flowers female; lower flowers apparently all male, but many of the bracts empty in my specimens. Calyx-lobes 4, triangular. Anthers 4; filaments short. Stigmas plumose. Fruit yLin. long, 4-angled; interspaces smooth or slightly wrinkled.—Kirk, Students' Fl. 149.

5. H. micrantha, R. Br. ex Sieb. and Zucc. Fl. Jap. i. 25.—A tufted much-branched procumbent or ascending herb 2–6 in. high; stems and branches slender, wiry, glabrous or slightly scaberulous. Leaves opposite, very shortly petioled, $1⁄5$–$1⁄3$ in. diam., broadly ovate or almost orbicular, obtuse or subacute, coriaceous, crenate-serrate, the crenatures broad and rounded. Flowers minute, drooping, in slender almost filiform racemes terminating the branchlets; pedicels very short. Petals 4, more than twice as long as the triangular calyx-lobes. Fruit $1⁄20$ in. long, broadly oblong, 8-costate, interspaces smooth and shining.—''Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. 66; Benth. Fl. Austral.'' ii. 482; Kirk, Students Fl. 149. H. tenella, ''Brong. in Duper. Voy. Coq. Bot. t. 68, f. 6; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel.'' i. 63. H. minima. ''Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst.'' xviii. (1886) 259. Gonicarpus citriodorus, ''A. Cunn. Precur.'' n. 530.

Glabrous marsh or aquatic herbs, branches often floating. Leaves opposite, alternate, or whorled, the lower leaves when submerged often pinnately divided with capillary segments. Flowers usually monœcious, axillary, solitary or spiked. Males: Calyx-tube very short; limb 4- or rarely 2-lobed or wanting. Petals 2–4, concave. Stamens 2, 4, or 8. Females: Calyx-tube deeply 4-grooved; limb wanting, or of 4 minute subulate lobes. Petals minute or wanting. Ovary inferior, 4- or rarely 2-celled; styles 4 or 2, usually recurved or plumose; ovules solitary in each cell. Fruit deeply 4-furrowed, usually separating into 4 dry indehiscent 1-seeded nuts.


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 kindest to them—kindest in the long run, certainly, but still kindest. I think small doles unkind to them, though they bring a momentary smile to their faces. First of all, I think they make them really poorer. Then I think they degrade them and make them less independent. Thirdly, I think they destroy the possibility of really good relations between you and them. Surely when you go among them you have better things to do for them than to give them half-crowns. You want to know them, to enter into their lives, their thoughts, to let them enter into some of your brightness, to make their lives a little fuller, a little gladder. You who know so much more than they might help them so much at important crises of their lives; you might gladden their homes by bringing them flowers, or, better still, by teaching them to grow plants; you might meet them face to face as friends; you might teach them; you might collect their savings; you might sing for and with them; you might


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152 usually 5 in a whorl, 1–2 in. long, all deeply pectinately pinnatifid; upper rather coarse, usually crowded and overlapping; submerged leaves not often seen, when present with longer capillary segments. Flowers rather large, $1⁄5$–$1⁄4$ in. long, solitary or rarely in pairs in the axils of the floral leaves, with a pair of minute laciniate bracts at the base of each. Calyx-lobes present in both sexes, deltoid, jagged. Petals in the males only, linear-oblong. Stamens 8. Stigmas usually 4, plumose. Nuts 4, $1⁄8$ in. long, laterally compressed, usually with a single or double row of tubercles down the back, but sometimes smooth and rounded.—Kirk, Students' Fl. 151. M. variæfolium var. b. ''Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel.'' i. 64.

4. M. pedunculatum, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 123, t. 23.—Stems short, simple or sparingly branched, tufted, 1–3 in. high, usually forming broad matted patches. Leaves opposite, minute, $1⁄8$–$1⁄4$ in. long, linear or linear-spathulate, quite entire, rather fleshy. Flowers minute, usually diœcious; males shortly stalked or sessile; females sessile; bracts 2 at the base of each flower, minute, linear. Calyx-lobes 4, very minute. Petals 4, wanting in the female flowers. Stamens 8. Stigmas 4, plumose, recurved. Carpels 4, small, oblong, minutely rugose.—''Handb. N.Z. Fl. 67; Kirk, Students' Fl.'' 151.

Stemless herbs with creeping rhizomes, often forming broad matted patches. Leaves all radical, petiolate, ovate- or rounded-cordate, coriaceous and fleshy. Flowers small, unisexual or rarely hermaphrodite, in simple or branched spikes or panicles. Male flowers: Calyx-tube imperfect or wanting; lobes 2–3, minute. Petals 2–3 or wanting. Stamens 2–3; filaments filiform; anthers large. Females: Calyx-tube ovoid; lobes 2–3, small. Petals 2–3


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 take them into the parks, or out for quiet days in the country in small companies, or to your own or your friends' grounds, or to exhibitions or picture galleries; you might teach and refine and make them cleaner by merely going among them. What they would do for you I will not dwell on, for if the work is begun in the right spirit you will not be thinking of that; but I do believe the poor have lessons to teach us of patience, vigour, and content, which are of great value to us. We shall learn them instinctively if we are among them as we ought to be as friends. It is this side of your relation to them, that of being their friends, which has given all the value to your work as district visitors; it has been because you have been friends, in as far as you have been friends, that the relation between you has been happy and good. The gift has often darkened this view of you, and prevented the best among the poor from wishing to know you; when it has absolutely been the expression of friendship,


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Gunnera.] size, unisexual; males usually longer than the leaves, stout, 1½–3 in. long. Flowers sessile or nearly so, with 1–2 linear cucullate bracts. Anthers 2, sessile, broadly oblong. Female peduncles in the flowering stage short and hidden among the leaves. Flowers densely crowded, forming a short oblong spike. Calyx-lobes 2–3, minute. Styles long, stout, subulate. Fruiting peduncles either remaining short and concealed by the leaves, or greatly elongated and exceeding them, 1½–3 in. long, in that case becoming stout succulent and coloured. Drupes $1⁄6$–$1⁄5$ in. long, fleshy, yellowish-red, clavate and pendulous or obovoid and suberect.—Kirk, Students Fl. 154. G. densiflora, ''Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst, xxvii. (1895) 346 (not of Hook. f.)''.

8. G. Hamiltoni, ''T. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst.'' xxvii. (1895) 347.—A stout coriaceous much-branched plant forming broad matted patches; rhizomes as thick as a goose-quill. Leaves numerous, tufted, forming broad flat rosettes 2–4 in. diam., coriaceous; petioles broad and flat, almost winged, sheathing at the base, glabrous or slightly villous; blade ½–1 in. long, ovate or ovate-deltoid, cuneate at the base, acute, closely and minutely toothed, glabrous; veins prominent below. Spikes unisexual; males stout; flowers lax, sessile. Female spikes at first hidden among the leaves; flowers crowded; bracts broadly ovate, laciniate. Fruiting spikes 2–4 in. long; drupes fleshy, clavate, red.—Students' Fl. 155.

Perfectly glabrous slender herbs, usually growing in wet places, often aquatic. Leaves opposite, linear or obovate-spathulate, quite entire, the upper ones often crowded or rosulate. Flowers monoecious, minute, axillary, solitary or rarely a male and female in the same axil, without perianth. Male flowers of a single stamen subtended by two minute bracts; filaments slender, elongated; anther 2-celled, cells confluent above. Female flowers with or without the 2 bracts. Ovary sessile or shortly stalked, 4-celled; ovules solitary in each cell; styles 2, elongated, stigmatic throughout their length. Fruit flattened, indehiscent, 4-lobed and 4-celled, ultimately separating into 4 1-seeded carpels.


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 its evil has been reduced to a great extent. But the gift you have to make to the poor, depend upon it, is the greatest of all gifts you can make—that of yourselves, following in your great Master's steps, whose life is the foundation of all charity. The form of it may change with the ages, the great law remains, "Give to him that asketh of thee, and from him that would borrow of thee turn not thou away;" but see that thou give him bread, not a stone—bread, the nourishing thing, that which wise thought teaches you will be to him helpful, not what will ruin him body and soul; else, while obeying the letter of the command, you will be false to its deep everlasting meaning. My friends, I have lived face to face with the poor for now some years, and I have not learned to think gifts of necessaries, such as a man usually provides for his own family, helpful to them. I have abstained from such, and expect those who love the poor and know them individually will do so more and more


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158

1. C. antarctica, ''Engelm. ex Hegelm. in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb.'' ix. (1867) 20.—Stems creeping and rooting, rather stout, succulent, densely matted, 2–6 in. long. Leaves fleshy, $1⁄5$–$1⁄2$ in. long, narrow obovate-spathulate or oblong-spathulate, rounded at the tip, narrowed into a rather long petiole. Fruit sessile, broadly oblong or almost orbicular, somewhat turgid, not winged, the edges subacute or almost obtuse, separated by a shallow groove, so that each pair of lobes is united by almost three-quarters of their faces.—''Kidder in Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus.'' iii. 23; Kirk, Students Fl. 156. C. verna, ''var. b terrestris, Hook. f. Fl. Antarct.'' i. 11.

2. C. verna, Linn. Fl. Suec. ii. n. 3.—Usually floating in still water. Stems slender, sparingly branched, 3–12 in. long. Leaves ½–¾ in. long, linear-spathulate or oblong-spathulate or obovate, rounded or retuse at the tip, very thin and membranous. Fruit sessile, rather longer than broad, subcordate, somewhat convex, edges shortly and acutely keeled, groove between the lobes rather shallow.—''Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 64; Handb. N.Z. Fl. 68 (in part); Kirk, Students Fl.'' 156.

3. C. Muelleri, Sond. in Linnæa xxviii. (1886) 229.—Stems filiform, 2–9 in. long, much branched and interlaced, forming broad matted patches on damp soil. Leaves obovate-rhomboid or broadly obovate-spathulate, cuneate at the base, suddenly narrowed into a distinct petiole. Fruit orbicular-obcordate, often broader than long, flattened, margins expanded into a broad pale wing, groove between the lobes deep.—Kirk, Students' Fl. 156. C. verna var. b, ''Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel'' i. 64. C. macropteryx, ''Hegelm. Monog. Callit.'' 59, t. iv. f. 2. C. microphylla, ''Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst.'' xx. (1888) 190.

Common from the North Cape southwards. Sea-level to 2500 ft. Also in Australia.


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 in the time to come. I have sometimes been asked by rich acquaintances when I have said this whether I do not remember the words, "Never turn your face from any poor man." Oh, my friends, what strange perversion of words this seems to me. I may deserve reproach; I may have forgotten many a poor man, and done as careless a thing as anyone, but I cannot help thinking that to give oneself rather than one's money to the poor is not exactly turning one's face from him. If I, caring for him and striving for him, do in my inmost heart believe that my money, spent in providing what he might by effort provide for himself, is harmful to him, surely he and I may be friends all the same. Surely I am bound to give him only what I believe to be best. He may not always understand it at the moment, but he will feel it in God's own good time.


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 the capacities of the applicant, no doubt a volunteer visitor would learn more thoroughly, but that can always be done separately from the preliminary and more formal inquiry.

And now to turn to the consideration of the visitors—those who must be the living links binding your committee with the poor, the interpreters of their decision, the bearers of their alms, the perpetual guardians to prevent renewed falling into want. I have spoken in so many other places of the extreme value of such a body working in concert with a wise committee, and of the mistakes they are likely to make where undirected, that I am unwilling to dwell on either point in much detail here. I will only briefly reiterate that I think no committee can do its work with real individual care unless it contains those who will watch over each family with continuous interest, interpret its decisions intelligently and kindly, and learn all personal detail which may assist the committee in judging


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 rightly. Unhappily, visitors have very seldom any special training for their work, nor is the need of it pointed out to them. I earnestly wish we could get this recognised; not that any should be deterred from working from want of training, but that in every district some plans for advising and helping the inexperienced visitors, and binding all visitors more together, should be adopted. I have, in a paper read elsewhere, given a sketch of a practical scheme for securing this end. But even without the help there spoken of, visitors might try to look a little farther into the result of their action. They think of the immediate effect, and very little of the future one. Now in all things we must beware of hasty action. It is not well, in the desire to alleviate an immediate want, to produce worse want in the future. I do not know the poor of your district: there may be many more of them, and they may be poorer, than I suppose; but in really populous poor parishes


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Rh

ðēoden-lēase,þā him swā geþearfod wæs. Gyf þonne Frȳsna hwylcfrecnan sprǣce ðæs morþor-hetesmyndgiend wǣre, þonne hit sweordes ecgsyððan scolde. Āð wæs geæfned,ond icge gold āhæfen of horde.Here-Scyldinga betst beado-rincawæs on bǣl gearu: æt þǣm āde wæsēþ-gesȳne swāt-fāh syrce,swȳn eal-gylden, eofer īren-heard,æþeling manig wundum āwyrded;sume on wæle crungon. Hēt ðā Hildeburhæt Hnæfes āde hire selfre sunusweoloðe befæstan, bān-fatu bærnanond on bǣl dōn; earme on eaxleides gnornode, gēomrode giddum.Gūð-rinc āstāh. Wand *tō wolcnumwæl-fȳra mǣst, hlynode for hlāwe;hafelan multon, ben-geato burston;ðonne blōd ætspranc lāð-bite līces.Līg ealle forswealg, gǣsta gīfrost,þāra ðe þǣr gūð fornam bēga folces;wæs hira blǣd scacen.

Gewiton him ðā wīgendwīca nēosian frēondum befeallen,Frȳsland gesēon,

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 I have found, and surely you should find here, that an immense deal more might be done by the people for themselves than has been done hitherto. Whatever may be the difficulties of finding work for them, aim at that first. Try to get them to bring up their children to callings requiring skill, and which will raise them to the higher ranks of labour; help them to save; encourage them to join clubs; lend them books; teach them to cultivate and care for flowers. These and other like influences will indirectly help them far more even as to outward comforts, than any gifts of necessaries. But do not, when a family wants help, hesitate to give largely, if adequate help will secure permanent good. Remember, if you establish people in life so that they can be self-supporting, it is well worth while to do it, cost what it may.

I know little of your parish. But if it be, as I fancy, one in which the rich are many and the poor few compared to other places,


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 I should like to add a word or two to such residents as are in good health and working here, urging them to consider the needs of more desolate districts, and pause to think whether or not they could transfer some of their time to them. I know it is a difficult question, and one to be judged in each case on its merits. I know well what may be urged on the ground of individual friendships formed with dwellers in your neighbourhood, on the score of want of strength and time, and the claims of your own parish. Weigh these by all means, but think of the other side too, if by chance you can realise it. Friendship with poor old women in your district! Respect its claims; but are there no times when it may be worth while to make a change in work, even if it cause one to see less of friends? Have you ever seen the ward of an East End workhouse, where from year's end to year's end the old women live without any younger life round them, no sons or


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 daughters whose strength may make their feebleness more bearable, no little grandchildren to be cared for, and make the old which is passing forget itself in the young which is coming into vigour! Is your bright young presence not asked for by the gray, monotonous, slowly-ebbing life of those wards? If your strength does not allow you to visit in remote districts, I grant that an unanswerable argument; for strength is meant to be temperately used and not thrown away. Time! Well, it takes time to go backwards and forwards; but isn't one hour where the need is great and the workers very few worth more than many hours in a more favoured district?

Have you ever realised what those acres and acres of crowded, heated, badly-built houses, over which you pass so quickly by train when you go in and out of London, mean? What kind of homes they make? What sort of human beings live and die there? Have you asked yourselves whether your


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, your companionship, is needed there? Whether the little children want your teaching? Whether your gentleness, your refinement, your gaiety, your beauty, are wanted there? Neighbourhood! Oh yes, it has strong claims—some of the best possible; but then we must take care that we let our neighbours come round us naturally, rich and poor. I only know this neighbourhood as I see it from the station, and it is possible it is otherwise inside, for I know quarters where the poor lodge often escape the eye of a casual observer; but I do know districts which are very like what yours looks, where the villas cover all the ground, and there is no place for the poor man's cottage. Where the idea of building for him would be mentioned with awed abhorrence by the comfortable residents, and they would talk about the unpleasantness of the poor living so near, chances of infection, &c. &c. Where the few persons required to serve the needs of the residents live, in a


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 pampered and very respectful dependence, in small districts decently withdrawn from view, visited and over-visited by ladies who haven't far to go—where the poor say there isn't a house to be had, and the rich say they get everything from a distance.

While you are determined to have the rich neighbourhoods, you must have the poor ones elsewhere. When you have gathered the poor round you, built for them, taught them, purified their houses and habits by your near presence, by all means talk about the claims of neighbourhood. But till then you must, I believe, take a wider outlook, and think of the neighbourhoods you have left, where moreover those who indirectly serve you earn their bread. You who are merchants' wives and daughters, nay, even those of you who buy the merchants' goods, have the dock-labourers no claims upon you? If the question, Who is my neighbour? is asked by you, how do you think God answers it from heaven when He looks down


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 Let's go for a walk. It'll be some time before your guest arrives. • Пока! So long!

покажу See показать.

покажусь See показаться.

показ showing. Сегодня будет первый показ нового фильма. The first showing of the new film will be today.

показание testimony. Один из свидетелей дал неожиданные показания. One of the witnesses gave unexpected testimony. • reading. Она записывала показания приборов. She recorded the instrument readings on a chart.

показать (-кажу, -кажет; pct of показывать) to show. Покажите ваши документы. Show your papers. — Покажите мне недорогие носовые платки. Show me some inexpensive handkerchiefs. — На этой работе вы можете себя показать. In this work you'll have a chance to show what you can do. — Он показал больше эрудицию. He has shown great learning. — Я ему показала на дверь. I showed him the door. • to point at. Он показал на объявление. He pointed at the notice. • to prove. Опыт показал, что новая система лучше старой. Experience has proven that the new system is better than the old one. • to teach. Я ему покажу, как грубить посетителям! I'll teach him not to be rude to visitors! □ показать пример to set an example. Он показал пример добросовестного отношения к делу. He set an example by his earnest attitude toward his work. □ Этот пловец показал хорошее время. The swimmer made good time. • Он хочет показать, что он очень много знает. He wants to show that he knows a lot.

-ся to seem. Этот час показался мне вечностью. That hour seemed like an eternity to me. • to appear. Это показалось мне очень странным. This appeared very strange to me. • to come out. Подождите, пока солнце покажется. Wait till the sun comes out. □ Мне это показалось вполне приемлемым. I thought it was perfectly acceptable. • После этого мне стыдно ей на глаза показаться. I've been ashamed to meet her ever since. • Никто не звонил, это вам только показалось. No one rang the bell; it's just your imagination. • Вам не мешало бы показаться врачу. It wouldn't hurt you to see a doctor.

показывать (dur of показать) to show. Он нам вчера целый день показывал город. He was showing us the town all day yesterday. — Он к нам и носа не показывает. He doesn't show up around here any more. • to point to. Всё это показывает, что он не знает дела. All that points to the fact that he does not know this work. • to indicate, Барометр показывает на дождь. The barometer indicates that we're due for some rain. • to register. Термометр показывает тридцать градусов. The thermometer registers thirty degrees. □ показывать вид to show. Не показывайте вида, что это вас интересует. Don't show that you're interested in it.

покататься (pct). □ (по)кататься на санках to go sledding. Хотите по-кататься на санках? Do you want to go sledding?

покатить (-качу, -катит; pct).

-ся to roll. Мяч покатился по дороге. The ball rolled down the road. □ покатиться со смеху to roll with laughter. Он так и покатился со смеху. He was just rolling with laughter.

покачать (pct) to shake. Она укоризненно покачала головой. She shook her head reproachfully.

покачусь See покатиться.

поклон greeting. Он мне не ответил на поклон. He didn't answer my greeting. • regards. Поклон вашей жене. My regards to your wife. □ Я к нему на поклон не пойду. I won't go begging to him.

поклониться (-клонюсь, -клонится; pct of кланяться) to greet. Вы не заметили? Вам кто-то поклонился. Didn't you notice? Somebody greeted you. □ Поклонитесь ему от меня. Remember me to him.

покой rest. Больному необходим полный покой. The patient needs complete rest. □ Оставьте меня в покое! Leave me alone!

покойник the deceased.

покойница the deceased F.

поколебать (-колеблю, -блет; ppp -колебленный; pct of колебать).

-ся to hesitate. Он поколебался с минутку, но потом решил сказать всё, что думает. He hesitated a moment and then decided to say everything that was on his mind.

поколение generation.

покрасить (pct of красить) to paint. В какой цвет покрасить ваш стол? What color do you want your table painted?

покраснеть (pct of краснеть) to turn red. Он весь покраснел от злости. He was so angry he turned red. • to blush. Она покраснела, когда вы это ей сказали. She blushed when you told her that.

покрашу See покрасить.

покрою See покрыть.

покрывать (dur of покрыть) to cover. Производство обуви у нас всё ещё не покрывает потребности страны. The shoe production still doesn't cover the demand of the country. • to shield. Зачем вы покрываете виновников? Why are you shielding the people who are really guilty?

покрыть (-крою, -кроет; ppp -крытый; pct of покрывать) to cover. Покройте сундук вот этим ковриком. Cover the trunk with that rug. — Теперь вы ничего не увидите, всё покрыто снегом. Now you won't see a thing; everything is covered with snow. — Мы покрыли десять километров в полчаса. We covered ten kilometers in half an hour. — Этот полк покрыл себя славой. This regiment covered itself with glory. □ покрыть лаком to varnish. Эти полки надо покрыть лаком. You have to varnish these shelves. покрыть расходы to pay expenses. Я думаю, ваше учреждение покроет все ваши расходы по поездке. I think your office will pay all your expenses for the trip. □ Я не знаю, как нам покрыть дефицит. I don't know how to wipe out the deficit.

покуда (/compare куда/) while. Подождите, покуда я сбегаю в лавку. Wait while I run to the store. — Покуда вы будете собираться, поезд уйдёт. While you're getting yourself ready, the train will leave.

покупатель (M) customer. В магазине было много покупателей. There were many customers in the store. • buyer. Я хотел бы продать свой автомобиль, но пока ещё не нашёл покупателя. I would like to sell my car but I haven't found a buyer as yet.

покупательница customer F. Она здесь постоянная покупательница. She's a steady customer here.


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 and sees the vast multitudes of undisciplined poor by whose labour you live, and the few heroic workers whose lives are being spent for those poor almost forsaken by you?

And if some of you went there to give what little of leisure, what little of strength, you have to spare, would your own neighbourhood suffer? I fancy not. For it seems as if usually where there are few poor and many rich living near together, the former become dependent in fat unenergetic comfort on the latter; and if this be such a neighbourhood, a few finding a call for their sympathy and help elsewhere might do good to all. It might be a real blessing to the place where you live to transfer to other and needier districts some of the superfluous wealth and unneeded care which from its very abundance may be spoiling and pampering your native poor. What a good thing it might be if each of your congregation here would undertake to help with money and with workers some poor district where


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 wise principles were being strenuously and faithfully worked out. Only remember, though you may send your money, and send it to those who use it wisely, the gift is a very poor one compared with that of yourselves. It is you who are wanted there, your love, your knowledge, your sympathy, your resolution—above all, your knowledge; for if you saw, you could not leave things as they are. For instance, on a summer evening sultry as this, there are thousands of families who have no place to sit in but one close room, in which the whole family has eaten, slept, washed, cooked. It is stifling. They go to the doorstep; their neighbours are at their steps. It gets hotter, the children swarm in the narrow court; the dust flies everywhere; the heat, the thirst is insufferable, the noise deafening, the crowd bewildering; they go to the public-house: do you wonder? It may be there are a few spaces unbuilt over close by, but who will open the gates for them,


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 plant a few flowers, put a few seats? The garden of Lincoln's Inn Fields is certainly kept very lovely; but how few eyes are allowed to see it; Red Lion Square is a howling ugliness; the Board School playgrounds are closed on Saturday; the little graveyard in Drury Lane —half the graveyards in London—are close locked and barred, and left in ugliness too; the Quakers are actually deciding to sell for building purposes their ancient burial-ground near Bunhill Fields. Can they not afford to let the place allotted to their dead be consecrated to the poor and become a place of rest to the weary living before their pilgrimage is over? Money, money, money, to spend where we see its effect in parks, or villas, or cosy suburban houses, and not a glimpse of what we might do with it in the districts where the poor live and die.


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 Of course this is only one side of the truth, and no one knows the converse better than I. I know how people are coming forward year by year to do and to feel more and more of their duty to the poor. The interest deepens and spreads, and that rapidly. Haven't I myself such a body of fellow-workers as makes me hardly know how to be thankful enough? And doubtless many of you here are doing exactly what I urge, or better things than I have thought of. But forgive me if the sight of all that is needed sometimes makes me a little impatient, and urge the point with some implied reproach towards those who delay to come and do what it looks as if they might. I daresay they may many of them have better reasons than I know for holding aloof: all have not the same duties; but sure I am that the need is urgent, and that to many such work would add new and deeper interests to life. I only say, "Look for yourselves what the need


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Rh very influential. The officers prevailed in the end, and the prisoner was taken to the cavalry camp. During the time that the Indians were opposing his removal, the troopers had assembled around the entrance, ready for any emergency, and prepared to escort the murderer away. The Indians instantly vanished; all went quickly and quietly to their camp, ten miles distant. Later in the day a party of fifty mounted warriors dashed through the Agency to the road beyond, which had to be taken by our troopers on the way home. Of course our officers expected an attack from that party when they began their homeward march; to their surprise, they were unmolested. We learned afterwards that the mounted Indians went to the camp of Two Bears to urge the young braves there to combine with them in the recapture of Rain-in-the-face. Two Bears had long been friendly to the white man; he was too old to fight, and prevented his young men from joining in the contemplated rescue.

After the command had returned and the officers had reported, General Custer sent for Rain-in-the-face. He was tall, straight, and young. His face was quite imperturbable. In a subsequent interview the general locked himself in his room with him. Through an interpreter, and with every clever question and infinite patience he spent hours trying to induce the Indian to acknowledge his crime. The culprit's face finally lost its impervious look, and he showed some agitation. He gave a brief account of the murder, and the next day made a full confession before all the officers. He said neither of the white men was armed when

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 is, consider what your duty may be, and when seen do it resolutely, quietly, hopefully."

And now, leaving the subject of visitors, let us consider, in conclusion, the third point essential to wise dealing with the poor—the decisions of your committee after the facts are gathered for it by investigating agent and volunteer visitor. Now, to secure right decision, one must have a distinct object in view. What is to be the ultimate object of your decisions respecting relief? Let us at once distinctly clear the way by assuming that it must be the good of the people themselves. We have nothing to do with saving the money of the rich. It is possible—nay, probable—that in our first attempts to put charity on a right footing, we may have to spend more than we did before, and make larger demands on the purses of the wealthy. A few substantial gifts, wisely bestowed, may easily make up a larger sum than a multitude of petty careless doles. A weekly pension,


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 a grant of a few pounds to help a family to migrate, is more than the money-equivalent of many a random shilling. But if, on reflection, we decide to withhold gifts of any kind whatsoever, it is only to be done for the sake of the people themselves. If doles, or bread-tickets, or coal-tickets, are proved to help the people, we are bound to give them to the extent of our power. If they are proved to injure them, we are bound not to give them, however pleasant it may be, however easy, however it may seem to pave the way for other influences. Do we want to make the poor depend on relief, which is ready at a moment's notice, instead of having the fortitude to save a little to meet a sudden emergency? If so, we shall be always treating cases as urgent, and relieving pending investigation, and assuming that discretionary power of granting instant help must be vested somewhere besides in the relieving-officer. I know parishes where benevolent people plead


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 that starvation or great need may arise if they have a weekly committee and no officer empowered to deal with urgent cases. Suppose we ourselves had lost the pride of independence which does still exist in the middle and upper classes, though the tendency to look for extraneous help is, I sometimes fear, eating gradually upwards; but suppose we had no hesitation on the score of pride in asking our richer neighbour for a meal, or new clothes or boots, or additional blankets, or a ton of coal, would it be better for us to use just the amount of providence necessary for us to go to him a week beforehand and say, "Please we shall want our dinner next Sunday," or would it be better for us to be led to expect that if we called on Saturday to tell him the fact, and he was out at a garden-party, when he came home he would say: "Dear me, perhaps they have no dinner, and Sunday too. I dare not wait to see why they are in want; whether there is any member of the family


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 who might be helped to a place where he can earn more. I'd better send some roast meat. I don't like to be enjoying myself at garden-parties with my wife and daughter and not consider my poorer neighbours"? Do you think that, be our earnings much or little, that kind of help would be likely to be helpful? The smaller the earnings the more need of providence; and there is no man so poor but he might, by effort, at least have a few shillings in hand for emergency, if he really felt it important. Literally, that is all that is wanted to do away with this clamour about urgency. That every man should at some time of his life put aside five or ten shillings which should be ready for need, and apply for help directly he saw need to draw upon that, instead of when he hadn't a crust in the house. I don't know whether you are troubled with this great bugbear of "urgency" here; it frightens many districts, but always disappears when approached. Depend upon it,


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 starvation cases are more likely to arise where we have trained our poor to look for instantaneous help, than where they rely on their own forethought at least to the extent I have mentioned; for if they trust to sudden aid, and any accident prevents their receiving it, then they have no money, and are in need indeed. Depend on it, the poor-law, which the poor do not turn to readily, which has, moreover, a strong permanent machinery in every parish in England, is the only right source of relief for urgent cases. No respectable family but has friends, neighbours, or savings to fall back on just while you look well into their cases. Those who are not respectable want, and, in my estimation, should have, help; but they cannot be helped easily with grants in urgent haste; they need thought, and influence, and much power. If, then, we decide that urgent cases can be left to the poor-law, your committees will have those only left to deal with whose circumstances they can


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208. He had shot the old man, but he did not die instantly, riding a short distance before falling from his horse. He then went to him and with his stone mallet beat out the last breath left. Before leaving him he shot his body full of arrows. The younger man signalled to them from among the bushes, and they knew that the manner in which he held up his hand was an overture of peace. When he reached him the white man gave him his hat as another and further petition for mercy, but he shot him at once, first with his gun and then with arrows. One of the latter entering his back, the dying man struggled to pull it through. Neither man was scalped, as the elder was bald and the younger had closely cropped hair.

This cruel story set the blood of the officers flowing hotly. They had already heard from one of the white scouts a description of Rain-in-the-face at a sun-dance, when he had betrayed himself as the murderer of the veterinary surgeon, by describing in triumph his beating out the brains of the old man with his mallet. After all this, it is not to be wondered at that each officer strode out of the room with blazing eyes.

Two Indians, one of them Iron Horse, had followed the cavalry up from the Agency and asked to see their comrade. The general sent again for Rain-in-the-face. He came into the room with clanking chains and with the guard at his heels. He was dressed in mourning. His leggings were black, and his sable blanket was belted by a band of white beads. One black feather stood erect on his head. Iron Horse supposed that he was to be hung at once, and that this would be the final

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 thoroughly know and deliberately decide upon. And these, I believe they will find, class themselves into cases in which temporary help will raise the applicants into permanently self-supporting positions, and chronic cases. The first, no doubt, they will try to help liberally, carefully, and kindly. The second they will probably help only if they can do so adequately, which I should fancy here you might easily do, if you all heartily and thoughtfully co-operated, and knew each what the other was doing, so that no work was done twice over. Such organisation of alms-giving would be, I should think, the limit of your aim at present.

Perhaps you will also add to these relieved persons a very large number of sick, whom I should be glad to see after, say, a year's notice, forced into some independent form of sick-club.

For I do not myself believe that we from above can help the people so thoroughly and


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Talk:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 2 Annesley - Baird

Audit
Outbound links to articles and inbound links from articles have been checked and align. This means that all articles are correctly linked to this page, and all articles are listed on the page. — billinghurst  sDrewth  11:08, 4 May 2012 (UTC)


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Author:Thomas Kirk

Works

 * 1875: Report on the Durabillity of New Zealand Timbers
 * 1889: The Forest Flora of New Zealand
 * 1898: Students' Flora of New Zealand

Contributions to Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute

 * Notes on Plants observed during a Visit to the North of Auckland (1868)
 * On the Botany of the Great Barrier Island (1868)
 * Description of Arid Island, Hauraki Gulf (1868), co-authored with F. W. Hutton
 * On the Botany of the Thames Gold Fields (1869)
 * An account of the Puka (Meryta Sinclairii) (1869)
 * On Grasses, and other plants, adapted for pasturage in the Province of Auckland, especially with regard to indigenous kinds (1869)
 * On the occurrence of Orobanche; a genus new to the Flora of New Zealand (1869)
 * On the discovery of Isoëtes, and other genera of Rhizocarpæ, new to the Flora of New Zealand (1869)
 * On Epacris purpurascens, Br., in New Zealand; with remarks on Epacris pauciflora, A. Rich. (1869)
 * On the Naturalized Plants of New Zealand, especially with regard to those occurring in the Province of Auckland (1869)
 * List of Plants found in the Northern District of the Province of Auckland (1869). Co-authored with John Buchanan
 * Notes on the Botany of Certain Places in the Waikato District, April and May, 1870 (1870)
 * On the Occurrence of Littoral Plants in the Waikato District (1870)
 * On the Flora of the Isthmus of Auckland and the Takapuna District (1870)
 * An Account of an Undescribed Pittosporum and Loranthus, in the Herbarium of the Colonial Museum, Wellington (1870)
 * Notes on Certain New Zealand Plants not included in the "Handbook of the New Zealand Flora." (1870)
 * On the Botany of the Northern Part of the Province of Auckland (1870)
 * Descriptions of New Plants (1870)
 * On the Flora of the Isthmus of Auckland and the Takapuna District (1871)
 * On the Nativity in New Zealand of Polygonum aciculare, L. (1871)
 * Notes on the New Zealand Asteliads, with Descriptions of New Species (1871)
 * A Comparison of the Indigenous Floras of the British Islands and New Zealand (1871)
 * Notes on the Local Distribution of Certain Plants common to the British Islands and New Zealand (1871)
 * On the New Zealand Species of Pittosporum, with Descriptions of New Species (1871)
 * On the Habit of the Rata (Metrosideros robusta) (1871)
 * Further Notes on the Nativity of Polygonum aviculare, L., in New Zealand, in reply to Mr. Travers (1872)
 * Notes on the Naturalized Plants of the Chatham Islands (1872)
 * Notes on the Flora of the Lake District of the North Island (1872)
 * On the Specific Characters of Dicksonia antarctica, Br., and Dicksonia lanata, Col (1872)
 * Notice of a Remarkable Arborescent Fern on Ngongotaha (1872)
 * On the Botany and Conchology of Great Omaha (1872)
 * On the Chief Features of the Vegetation of the District between Maketu and Lake Taupo (1872)
 * Notes on the Plants best adapted for the Reclamation of Sand Wastes (1873)
 * Notes on Indigenous Materials for the Manufacture of Paper (1873)
 * Notice of an Undescribed Species of Cordyline (1873)
 * On the New Zealand Forms of Cheilanthes (1873)
 * Description of a new Species of Isoëtes (1874)
 * On the Occurrence of Juncus lamprocarpus, Ehr., in New Zealand (1874)
 * On the Occurrence of Lepilæna preissii, Muell., and Carex chlorantha, Br., in New Zealand (1874)
 * Remarks on a Paper by G. Thomson on the Naturalized Plants of Otago (1874)
 * On a Remarkable Instance of Double Parasitism in Loranthaceæ (1875)
 * Notes on Panax Lineare (1876)
 * Description of a New Species of Rumex (1876)
 * Notes on the Economic Properties of certain Native Grasses (1876)
 * Descriptions of Two New Species of Veronica (1876)
 * Critical Notes on certain Species doubtfully indigenous to Kawau (1876). Appended to John Buchanan's paper "On the Botany of Kawau Island"
 * Description of a New Species of Pilularia (1876)
 * Description of New Plants (1876)
 * Description of Medicago marginata (1876)
 * On the Naturalized Plants of Port Nicholson and the adjacent District (1877)
 * On the New Zealand Species of Phyllocladus (1877)
 * A revised Arrangement of the New Zealand Species of Dacrydium, with Descriptions of new Species (1877)
 * Notice of the Occurrence of a Variety of Zostera nana, Roth, in New Zealand (1877)
 * Notice of the Occurrence of Juncus glaucus, L., in New Zealand (1877)
 * Description of a new Species of Hymenophyllum (1877)
 * On Hymenophyllum villosum, Colenso (1877)
 * On Lindsaya viridis, Colenso (1877)
 * On Nephrodium decompositum, Br., and N. glabellum, A. Cunn. (1877)
 * On the Botany of the Bluff Hill (1877)
 * Contributions to the Botany of Otago (1877)
 * Notes on three dried Specimens of Matai (Podocarpus spicata) (1877)
 * Notice of the Discovery of Monoclea forsteri, Hook., in New Zealand (1877)
 * Descriptions of New Plants (1877)
 * On Black Mahi (1877)
 * On Nephrodium pentangularum (1877)
 * On Hymenophyllum armstrongii (1877)
 * An Enumeration of recent Additions to the New Zealand Flora, with Critical and Geographical Notes (1877)
 * Notes on Mr. Hamilton's Collection of Okarita Plants (1878)
 * Notes on the Botany of Waiheke, Rangitoto, and other Islands in the Hauraki Gulf (1878)
 * On the Export of Fungus from New Zealand (1878)
 * Description of a new Species of Lycopodium (1878)
 * Description of a new Species of Hymenophyllum (1878)
 * Notes and Suggestions on the Utilization of certain neglected New Zealand Timbers (1878)
 * Descriptions of New Plants (1878)
 * Remarks to the Wellington Philosophical Society (1878)
 * Anniversary Address of the President, being on the Relationship between the Floras of New Zealand and Australia (1878)
 * Descriptions of new Flowering Plants (1879)
 * Description of a new Species of Cladophora (1879)
 * Notice of the Occurrence of Lagenophora emphysopus and other unrecorded Plants in New Zealand (1879)
 * On the Neglected Forest Products of New Zealand (1880)
 * Description of New Plants (1880)
 * Remarks on New Zealand Olives (1880)
 * On the Occurrence of Friodia in New Zealand (1880)
 * A Revision of the New Zealand Lepidia, with Description of new Species (1880)
 * Notes on Plants recently added to the New Zealand Flora (1880)
 * Notes on Plants from Campbell Island (1880)
 * On the New Zealand Olives (1881)
 * Notice of the Occurrence of Triodia and Atropis in New Zealand, with Descriptions of new Species (1881)
 * A Revision of the New Zealand Lepidia, with Descriptions of new Species (1881)
 * Notes on recent Additions to the New Zealand Flora (1881)
 * Notes on Plants from Campbell Island (1881)
 * Description of a new Species of Senecio (1882)
 * Notes on Botrychium lunaria (1883)
 * Botanical Notes (1883)
 * Notice of the Occurrence of a Species of Rhagodia at Port Nicholson (1883)
 * Description of a new Pine (1883)
 * Description of new Plants collected on Stewart Island (1883)
 * Notice of the Discovery of Amphibromus in New Zealand, with Description of a new Species (1883)
 * On Lycopodium varium, R. Br., and L. billardieri, Spring., with Description of a new Form (1883)
 * Notes on Carmichælia, with Descriptions of new Species (1883)
 * On the Flowering Plants of Stewart Island (1884)
 * On the Ferns and Fern Allies of Stewart Island (1884)
 * On the Punui of Stewart Island, Aralia lyallii, n.s. (1884)
 * Description of a new Species of Fagus (1884)
 * Notes on the New Zealand Beeches (1884)
 * Additional Contributions to the Flora of the Nelson Provincial District (1885)
 * On Trimorphism in Flowers of New Zealand Fuchsia (1886)
 * On the Naturalized Dodders and Broom-rapes of New Zealand (1887)
 * On the Occurrence of Morchella esculenta (1887)
 * On the Occurrence of a Variety of Mitrasacme montana, Hook, f., in New Zealand (1889)
 * Description of a New Species of Chenopodium—C. buchanani (1889)
 * On a Remarkable Variety of Asplenium umbrosum, J. Sm. (1890)
 * On the Botany of the Snares (1890)
 * On Pleurophyllum, Hook. f. (1890)
 * On the Botany of Antipodes Island (1890)
 * Description of New Species of Centrolepis, Labill. (1890)
 * On the Macrocephalous Olearias of New Zealand, with Description of a New Species (1890)
 * Notes on certain Species of Carex in New Zealand (1890)
 * Remarks on the Genus Abrotanella, Cassini, with Descriptions of New Species (1891)
 * Descriptions of New Plants from the Vicinity of Port Nicholson (1891)
 * Notice of the Occurrence of Australian Orchids in New Zealand (1891)
 * On a New Mistletoe (1891)
 * On Heterostyled Trimorphic Flowers in New Zealand Fuchsias, with Notes on the Distinctive Characters of the Species (1892)
 * Description of a New Species of Pimelea (1893)
 * Description of New Cyperaceous Plants, chiefly from the Nelson Provincial District (1893)
 * Remarks on the New Zealand Sow-thistles, with Description of a New Species (1893)
 * On the Preparation and Preservation of Botanical Specimens (1894)
 * On New Forms of Celmisia, Cass. (1894)
 * A Revision of the New Zealand Gentians (1894)
 * On the New Zealand Species of Gunnera, L. (1894)
 * Descriptions of New or Remarkable Plants from the Upper Waimakariri (1894)
 * Description of New Grasses from Macquarie Island (1894)
 * A Revision of the New Zealand Species of Colobanthus, Bartling (1894)
 * The Displacement of Species in New Zealand (1895)
 * Notes on MS. Descriptions of Collections made during Captain Cook's First Voyage (1895)
 * Notes on Dactylanthus taylori, Hook. f (1895)
 * On Zannichellia and Lepilæna in New Zealand (1895)
 * On the Products of a Ballast-heap (1895)
 * Notice of the Occurrence of an Undescribed Palm-lily on the Auckland Peninsula (1895)
 * A Revision of the New Zealand Species of Hymenanthera, R. Br (1895)
 * Notes on Certain Veronicas, and Descriptions of New Species (1895)
 * Remarks on the late Dr. David Lyall, R.N (1895)
 * Remarks on Aristotelia racemosa (1895)
 * Note on Double-flowered Columbine (1895)
 * Description of a New Genus of Gramineæ (1896)
 * Remarks on Paratrophis heterophylla, Bl. (1896)
 * On Carmichaelia, Corallospartmm, Huttonella, and Notospartium (1896)
 * Notes on the Botany of the East Cape District (1896)
 * On the History of Botany in Otago (1896)
 * Description of a New Species of Drimys (1897)
 * Remarks on Gunnera "ovata," Petrie, and G. flavida, Colenso, in Reply to Mr. Petrie (1897)
 * On Solanum hamiltonii (1897)

External link

 * T. Kirk in Harvard Index of Botanical Authors

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 well in any other way as by helping them to help themselves. This I think they are meant to do—this I believe they can do by association and by forethought. When they do provide necessaries for their own families, I think it leaves our relation to them far better, and enables us to help them more fully in better ways. After all, what are the gifts of these outside things compared to the great gifts of friendship, of teaching, of companionship, of advice, of spiritual help? I know some people think the half-crown, or packet of tea, the best introduction to these. I cannot say I have seen it so. I do not remember a single example in any age or country in which a class in receipt of small occasional doles was in a position of honourable healthy friendship with the givers of such, or fit to receive from them any intelligent teaching. Of course the receipt of alms produces curtsies and respectful welcomes, and perhaps attendances at church or chapel from those who care more for the


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 apostles preached, they treated the Gospel as good news which the people would care to receive for itself; they honoured it in treating it as if it were a blessing. Of course it is difficult to distinguish between the actions which come from the radiant outpouring of every species of good gift in mere wealth of joyful human love springing from vivid sense of Divine love, which we see in earnest preachers of all ages, from the gift which is meant to be, and felt to be, a bribe. In many cases, probably, the gifts comprise a mixture of love and a purpose to attract, which it would be impossible to separate. But religious teaching, I have no manner of doubt whatever, has suffered of late years incomparably more than it has gained by this confusion. Let the gift, then, stand or fall by its own intrinsic value; if it be helpful in itself, cultivating such right qualities as will make the recipient richer in such outside things as itself, let it be made. If not, withhold it. And for God's sake let


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 of it, may not commend itself to our neighbours. Do not let this disappoint us; let us with single-minded zeal try to get those neighbours to be and to do what they see to be right, and then will be revealed to them, gradually, whatever form of truth they can comprehend and apply. They will help to form God's Church, which is of many members; and if

we must remember that the words go on:


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Author:James Ballantyne Hannay

Works

 * Christianity: the Sources of Its Teaching and Symbolism (1913)
 * On a new method of physico-chemical investigation (1879)
 * Variations in the magnetic constituents of minerals (1879)
 * On certain changes occurring during fossilization (1879)
 * On new chromium and manganese compounds (1877)
 * On an Easily Constructed Form of Reflecting Goniometer (18??)
 * On New Processes for Mercury Estimation (1873)
 * How Britain may regain her manufacturing supremacy (1901)
 * On the Microrheometer (1879)

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 gifts than for the quiet dignity of independence which is found in many humble people; more for the good tea than for any sermon or service. But how do the better ones feel it? Haven't your gifts absolutely tended to alienate them from churches and chapels? Do they not scorn them, and desire to be seen to benefit nothing by them? The application for help is nearly always made by the wife, and the respectable husband would no more make it than you or I would, in nine cases out of ten. Only notice what happens whenever the rule is that the man must come up to ask for help; they hardly ever come, but simply earn the needed amount. And among the women, too, the better ones hold aloof from anything that looks like bribery to come to a place of worship. I would ask any clergyman whether he does not think that the mixing of temporal gifts with spiritual teaching has not a direct tendency to lower the value of the teaching in the eyes of the recipient? Of old, when


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Page:Our Common Land (and other short essays).djvu/98

 His truth stand on its own merits. If it be a real need of His children, trust Him in His own good time to make this plain to them. Preach it by word, by deed, by patient abiding; but do not use bribes, or even what look like bribes, to make men take it in. Depend on it, it cannot be taken so. It has been accepted in this and other ages by men ready to meet poverty, toil, scorn, death, rather than be false to it; it has been accepted with acclaim by multitudes who felt in it the answer to their difficulties, the great good news for their lives. The lowest natures, when they have received it, have done so through the noble feelings which are latent in the worst of us. It is only through appeal to these—their fortitude, their reverence—that it can come home to them. I cannot believe that God's truth has ever entered one human heart wrapped up in a bribe. Let it speak quietly for itself; it is very strong. Shall we doubt it? Our special form of it, or application


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 own family, or to their fellow-citizens. Somehow you wonder whether, when one of them is carried out by the undertaker at last, to use a common old saying, "His room is not worth more than his company," so fearful is the life to which people take under such conditions, so terribly does the need of a little more space strike you, so impossible seems any quiet in which tone might be recovered by these exhausted creatures. And yet every one of those living beings, crowding almost under your feet, having to move from doorway or stair as you enter, has a human form, a human character too; somebody knows and loves him, some mother, father, sister, brother, child, watches for that face among the many, and would feel a great gap left in the world if that one came never any more up the court. Even the reeling drunkard would be missed. Each is surrounded by a love which makes him precious, each has also some germ and gleam of good in him, something you can


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 in them, fountains might be fixed there, the brightest flowers set there, possibly in some cases birds in cages might be kept to delight the children. To these the neighbouring poor should be admitted free, under whatever regulations should seem best. The regulations will vary according to the size of the ground and other local circumstances. In some cases where the ground is large it might, no doubt, be thrown absolutely open, as Leicester Square is, a man being always in attendance to keep order, though the people will themselves help to keep order very soon. In the case of very small grounds admission might be given to certain numbers by tickets placed in the hands of guardians, schoolmasters, ministers of all denominations, Bible-women, and district visitors. Though, no doubt, much supervision would be needed at first, after a time an old man, any not too feeble old pensioner, especially if fortified with some kind of uniform, would be amply sufficient, if always


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 them all over London, as shown in a map prepared by the Commons Preservation Society, 1, Great College Street, Westminster.

I have ventured to draw the attention of some few London vicars to the question, and if you would each of you look in any crowded neighbourhood known to you, what might be done, and bring the question before the incumbents, churchwardens, or leading vestrymen, a great many of these graveyards might rapidly be made available. Of course there may be special local difficulties here and there, but the process is very simple where there is no opposition; and if those parishes where there is none would lead the way, that would soon bring the others to follow so good an example. The first step to be taken is to secure the leave of the incumbent of the parish. Notice must then be placed on the church-doors giving notice that a vestry meeting will be called to consider the scheme. The vestry then obtains a faculty from the Dean of Arches. The


text:
Talk:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 3 Baker - Beadon

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 touch, or lead, or strengthen, by which in time he might become the man he was meant to be. Each is a child of God, meant by him for some good thing. Put him in a new colony with wood, or heath, or prairie round him, or even lead him into the quiet of your own study, and you will begin to see what is in the man. It is this dreadful crowding of him with hundreds more, this hustling, jostling, restless, struggling, noisy, tearing existence, which makes him seem to himself or you so useless, which makes him be so little what he might be. Can you give him a little pause, a little more room, especially this sultry summer afternoon?

I think you may. There are, all over London, little spots unbuilt over, still strangely preserved among the sea of houses—our graveyards. They are capable of being made into beautiful out-door sitting-rooms. They should be planted with trees, creepers should be trained up their walls, seats should be placed


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 there, to keep order. His wages would be small, and employing him would be a double charity. In these gardens, near to their own homes, and therefore easily accessible to the old and feeble, they might sit quietly under trees; there the tiny children might play on gravel or grass, with a sense of Mother Earth beneath them. There comrades might meet and talk, whose homes are too small and wretched for them to sit there in comfort, and for whom the public-house is too often the only place to meet in, or to read the newspaper. If visitors could gather small groups of children together, and use these out-door sitting-rooms as places to teach them games, read to them, or get leave for them to train the creepers up the wall, much good might be done, and much of the evil of playing in the streets prevented.

It is to the conversion of these churchyards into gardens that I would specially turn your attention to-day; there are a vast number of


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Talk:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 5 Bicheno - Bottisham

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Page:The complete poems of Emily Bronte.djvu/223

Rh XLVII

ROSINA

of wild delirium past,

Weeks of fevered pain;

Rest from suffering comes at last;

Reason dawns again.

It was a pleasant April day

Declining to the afternoon;

Sunshine upon her pillow lay

As warm as middle June.

It told her unconsciously

Early spring had hurried by;

'Ah! Time has not delayed for me,'

She murmured with a sigh.

'Angora's hills have heard their tread,

The crimson flag is planted there;

Eldenna's waves are rolling red,

While I lie fettered here!

'Nay, rather, Gondal's shaken throne

Is now secure and free;

And my king Julius reigns alone

Debtless, alas! to me.'


text:
Talk:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Vol 6 Bottomley - Browell

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168 Loud was the sudden gust of woe

From those who watch around;

Rosina turned and sought to know

Why burst that boding sound.

'What then, my dreams are false,' she said,

Come, maidens, answer me;

Has Almadore in battle bled!

Have slaves subdued the free?

'I know it all; he could not bear

To leave me dying far away;

He fondly, madly lingered here

And we have lost the day!

But check those coward sobs, and bring

My robes, and smooth my tangled hair;

A noble victory you shall sing

For every hour's despair!

'When will he come? 'Twill soon be night;

We'll come when evening falls;

Oh! I shall weary for the light

To leave my lonely halls!'

She turned her pallid face aside,

As she would seek repose;

But dark Ambition's thwarted pride

Forbade her lips to close.


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Rh XIV


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User talk:80.30.32.63

Hi,

Thanks for your contribution - however, Wikisource is not a forum for the promotion of external content. Please review What Wikisource includes. Thanks. --Eliyak T · C 12:58, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.30.32.63


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Page:Our Common Land (and other short essays).djvu/129

 that the garden should be respected. In fact the special feature of this garden seemed to me to be the evident sense of its being common property—something that everyone had had a share in doing, and in which they had a common interest. The tombstones are all removed, but measurements were taken, and an authorised plan made of the ground, showing precisely the place of every grave, also a certified copy of every tombstone has been entered in a large book. These precautions for carefully preserving power of identifying the spot where any body is buried, and securing the record of the inscription, have entirely satisfied the owners of graves and the legal authorities, and it would be well for vicars having disused churchyards to remember the plan as one which has met all difficulties in the way of removing tombstones.

The little churchyard in Bishopsgate which has been planted is probably well known to most of you. It is, I believe, a delight to


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Page:Weird Tales volume 28 number 03.djvu/21

273 free. I had to hide, and I could think of only one place that might be safe, where he wouldn't think to look for me. I ran down to the room where those—those others lay; I undressed, and buried myself among them. It was horrible—the way they sucked each other's wounds"

Cliff pressed a hand across her lips. "Forget that!" he said almost fiercely. "Forget all of it—d'you hear?"

She looked up at him and said simply: "I'll try."

They glanced back toward the black blotch on the horizon. The seismic disturbances continued unabated. At that moment they saw the barrier of rock like a skull split and sink into the sea. Beyond, cleansing tongues of flame licked the sky. They saw a single jagged wall of the castle still standing, one window glowing in its black expanse like a square, bloody moon against a bloody sky. It crumbled.

They turned away, and Cliff's arm circled the girl he loved. Their lips met and clung And the Ariel plowed on through the frothing brine, bearing them toward safety and forgetfulness Together.


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wainscot

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wainscot


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Waist

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Waist


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Waite, Morrison Remick


text:
User:Aplasia

"Mit Dummheit kämpfen Götter selbst vergebens."

Friedrich Schiller - Die Jungfrau von Orleans

title: User:Aplasia


text:
User:Fentener van Vlissingen/sandbox

His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, and Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, being of opinion that an interchange of territory on the West Coast of Africa would conduce to their mutual advantage, and would promote the interests of the inhabitants, have resolved to conclude a convention for that purpose, and have therefore named as Their Plenipotentiaries, that is tho say: His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, monsieur ADOLPH baron BENTINCK, Commander of the order of the Netherland Lion, Knight-Grand-Cross of the order of the Oaken Crown, Chamberlain to His Majesty, His Minister of State, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of St. James; and Monsieur CORNELIS JOHANNES MARIUS NAGTGLAS, Knight of the order of the Netherland Lion, ex-Governor at Saint George d'Elmina;

and Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable HENRY HOWARD MOLINEUX, Earl of Carnarvon, Lord Porchester, a Peer of the United Kingdom, a membre of Her Britannic Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, Her Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies; and the Right Honourable EDWARD HENRY STANLEY (commonly called Lord STANLEY), a member of Her Britannic Majesty's most Honourable Privy Council, a member of Parliament, Her Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs,

who after having communicated to each, other their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles:

Art. 1.
His Majesty the King of the Netherlands cedes to Her Britannic Majesty all Netherlands forts, possessions, and rights of sovereignty or jurisdiction, which he possesses on the Gold Coast to the eastward of the mouth of the Sweet River, where Their respective territories are conterminous; and Her Britannic Majesty cedes to His Majesty the King of the Netherlands all British forts, possessions, and rights of sovereignty or jurisdiction, which She possesses on the Gold Coast to the westward of the mouth of the Sweet River, where their respective territories are conterminous.

The boundaries between the possessions of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands and those of Her Britannic Majesty will be a line drawn true North from the centre of the mouth of the Sweet River, as far as the boundary of the present Ashantic Kingdom, but with such deviations within three English miles of the Coast, as shall be necessary to retain within Netherland territory any villages, which have been in habitual dependance on the Netherland Government at St. George d'Elmina, and within British territory any villages which have been in habitual dependance on the British Government at Cape Coast.

Art. 2.
The two High contracting Parties agree that the following tariff of duties of customs shall be enforced in Their respective possessions upon the Gold Coast.

Art. 3.
In order to prevent frauds in the importation of goods, the high contracting Parties engage to empower the officers of their respective customs on the Gold Coast, to require the masters of vessels to make declaration of the nature, quantity, and value of any goods which they may be allowed to land.

If the officers of customs shall be of opinion that the value so to be declared is insufficiënt, they shall be at liberty to take the goods on public account, on paying to the importer the amount of his valuation, with the addition of ten percent thereon, and returning any duty which may have been already paid.

Art. 4.
The tariff of customs duties specified in art. 2, shall be put into operation from and after a day to be agreed upon between the two Governments, and shall remain in force for a period of ten years; and further until the expiration of twelve months after either of the two contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other of its desire for a revision or termination thereof.

Art. 5.
The tariff of customs duties may be enforced or relaxed by the local authorities at their own discretion, or according to the orders of their respective Governments, in respect of articles imported for the use of those authorities, or for the personal use and consumption of officers in the actual service of the Government.

Art. 6.
The mutual transfer of forts, possessions, and rights of sovereignty or jurisdiction, stipulated in art. 1 of the present convention, is dependent upon and subject to the establishment of the proposed tariff, and shall not take effect until the Government of each country shall have procured the exactment of any laws or regulations necessary in order to establish that tariff for the term and under the conditions herein before described, and shall have actually put the same into operation.

Art. 7.
After the transfer alluded to in the foregoing article shall have been made, a map shall be drawn of the new boundary division according to the terms of art. 1. Two copies of the said map, duly attested by the Governments on either side, shall then be appended to this convention for the purpose of showing the boundary, which shall undergo no alteration, even should any of the villages mentioned at the end of art. 1, be subsequently abandoned, or the tariff be modified or withdrawn.

Art. 8.
The present convention after receiving, so far as may be necessary, the approval of the legislative authorities, shall be ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at London within a period of four months, or sooner if possible.

In witness whereof the respective plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seals of their arms.

Done at London, the fifth day of March, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty seven.

title: User:Fentener van Vlissingen/sandbox


text:
Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/360

iv. 23-

1. I reverence (man-u) first the forethoughtful (prácetas) Agni, him of the five peoples, whom men kindle in many places; we pray to him who hath entered (pra-viç) into clans after clans (víç): let him free us from distress.

2. As thou carriest the oblation, O Jātavedas; as, foreknowing, thou adaptest the sacrifice—so do thou convey to us favor from the gods: let him free us from distress.

3. Put to service at every course (yā́man), best carrier, sharer (ā́bhaga) at every rite, Agni I praise, demon-slayer, sacrifice-increaser, offered to with ghee: let him free us from distress.

All the mss. (and SPP. with them) make the division of the verse, with obvious impropriety, before instead of after agním īḍe, being apparently led into the blunder by

title: Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/360


text:
Author:Vigilantius

Works

 * There are many references to the authors work, though no known examples of it remain.

Works about Vigilantius

 * Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II (1885):
 * Against Vigilantius in
 * Estimate of the Scope and Value of Jerome's Writings
 * Jerome's Apology (chapter 19) by Rufinus
 * The Letters of St. Jerome:
 * Letter XLVII (To Desiderius)
 * Letter LVIII (To Paulinus)
 * Letter LXI (To Vigilantius)
 * Vigilantius the presbyter by Gennadius

title: Author:Vigilantius


text:
User talk:Nolanus

— billinghurst  sDrewth  15:08, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nolanus


text:
User talk:Abu Shawka

— billinghurst  sDrewth  15:09, 4 May 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Abu Shawka


text:
Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/361

191 remembering the two words as beginning the Rig-Veda. The comm. gives the right division, as does also our edition by emendation. Nearly all the mss. (not our I.K.) read báhiṣṭham at end of a; both editions give váh-, with the comm. The comm. paraphrases ā́bhagam by ābhaktavyam āsevyam evaṁguṇaviçiṣṭam. ⌊The vs. scans as 11 + 11: 12 + 8 = 42. Even with the misdivision (11 + 7: 8 + 8 + 8), it is no purastajjyotiṣmatī (44).⌋

4. The well-born Jātavedas, the mighty (vibhú) Agni belonging to all men (vāiçvānará), the carrier of oblations, we call on: let him free us from distress.

5. With whom as ally the seers made [their] strength shine out; with whom they repelled the wiles of the Asuras; with whom, Agni, Indra conquered the Paṇis—let him free us from distress.

6. By whom the gods discovered the immortal; by whom they made the herbs rich in honey; by whom the gods brought the heaven (svàr)—let him free us from distress.

7. In whose direction [is] whatever shines forth (vi-ruc) here, what is born and to be born, all of it—I praise Agni, [as a] suppliant I call loudly on [him]—let him free us from distress.

1. We reverence Indra; constantly do we reverence him; these praise-hymns (stoma) of the Vṛtra-slayer have come unto me; he who goes to the call of the worshiper (dāçvā́ṅs), of the well-doer—let him free us from distress.

Ppp. has in a indrasya manve çaçvad yasya manvire, which is better, in both sense and meter. TS. and MS. (agreeing throughout) read índrasya manve prathamásya prácetasaḥ in a; in b, úpa mā́m upā́ ’guḥ; and, in c, hávam úpa gántā. The verse

title: Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/361


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Page:Dictionary of spoken Russian (1945).djvu/431

 покупать (dur of купить) to buy. Я всегда покупаю яйца и масло на рынке. I always buy eggs and butter at the market.

покупка purchase. Как вам нравится моя новая покупка? How do you like my latest purchase? • buy. Это выгодная покупка. It's a good buy. □ Она пошла за покупками. She went shopping.

покурить (-курю, -курит; pct of курить) to have a smoke. Давайте покурим. Let's have a smoke! — Нет ли чего покурить, товарищи? Do you have a smoke on you, fellows?

покушать (pct) to eat. Не хотите ли покушать? Would you care for something to eat? — Он, кажется, любит покушать. It seems he likes to eat.

пол1 (P -ы, -ов/на полу/) floor. Я пролил воду на пол. I spilled some water on the floor.

пол2 (P -ы, ов) sex. Вы должны указать в анкете пол и возраст. When you fill out the blank you have to put down your sex and age.

пол3 half. Дайте мне полкило сахару. Give me a half kilogram of sugar. — Неужели уже пол первого? Is it actually half past twelve already?

пол-4 (prefixed to nouns, §7).

полагать (dur of положить) to think. Я полагаю, что нам удастся закончить эту работу к сроку. I think we'll be able to finish our work on time. • to guess. Я полагаю, вам лучше уйти. I guess you'd better go. • to suppose. Надо полагать, он скоро вернётся. I suppose he'll be back soon.

полагаться (dur of положиться) to put stock in. Я бы не стал полагаться на его обещания. I wouldn't put any stock in his promises if I were you. • to be customary. (no pct) Дайте ему столько, сколько полагается, не больше. Don't give him more than is customary. □ (no pct) Здесь, кажется, курить не полагается! It seems that you're not supposed to smoke here. • (no pct) Сколько вам за это полагается? How much do I owe you?

полбутылки (§7/cf бутылка/) half a bottle. Дайте мне полбутылки красного вина. Give me half a bottle of red wine.

полгода (полгода or полугода M, §7) half a year. Я проведу полгода тут и полгода на Урале. I'll spend half a year here and the other half in the Urals. □ Я останусь здесь ещё на полгода. I'll stay here another six months.

полдень (полдня or полудня, P полдни, полдён, полдням/ See also пополудни/) noon. Я буду там ровно в полдень. I'll be there exactly at noon. — Я его ждал до полудня. I waited for him till noon.

полдесятка (полдесятка or полудесятка M, §7) five (pieces).

полдюжины (полдюжины or полудюжины F, §7) half a dozen.

поле (P поля) field. Это поле засеяно гречихой. They've sown buckwheat in this field. — Тут перед вами широкое поле деятельности. You have a wide field of activities before you here. • brim. У меня шляпа с широкими полями. I have a hat with a large brim. • margin. Он делал заметки на полях. He made notes in the margins of the book. • background. Я выбрал обои — синие полосы по белому полю. I chose a wallpaper with a blue stripe on a white background.

полежать (-жу, жит; pct) to lie down (for a while). Я хочу полежать немножко, я очень устал. I want to lie down for a while; I'm very tired.

полезный useful. Это очень полезный справочник. This is a very useful reference book. • helpful. В конторе гостиницы вам могут дать полезные указания. You can receive helpful information in the hotel office. □ полезно useful. Это полезно знать. It's a good thing to know. □ Перемена климата будет вам полезна. A change of climate will be good for you. • Чем могу вам быть полезным? What can I do for you?

полено (P поленья, -ньев, -ньям) log. Он положил в печку несколько поленьев. He put a few logs in the stove.

полёт flight. В полёте у него начал пошаливать мотор. During the flight his motor began to miss. □ вид с птичьего полёта bird's-eye view. Я вам набросаю вид города с птичьего полёта. I'll sketch a bird's-eye view of the city for you. □ Он предмета не изучал, а рассуждает так, с птичьего полёта. He didn't study the subject; he's just talking through his hat.

полетать (pct) to fly. А вам хотелось бы полетать? How about you? Would you like to fly?

полететь (-лечу, -летит; pct) to fly. Поездом вы не успеете, вам придётся полететь. You won't be able to make it by train. You'll have to fly. • to take off. Самолёт сегодня не полетит, погода очень плохая. The plane won't take off today, because the weather is very bad. • to fall. Я полетел с лестницы и ушибся. I fell down the stairs and hurt myself.

полечу See полететь.

ползать (iter of ползти) to crawl. Мой сынишка ещё не ходит, но ползает очень энергично. My baby boy doesn't walk yet, but he crawls a lot. — Он ползал у нас в ногах, прося пощады. He crawled at our feet asking for mercy.

ползти (ползу, -лзёт; p полз, ползла/ iter: ползать/) to crawl. Смотрите! По стене клоп ползёт. Look! There's a bedbug crawling on the wall. • to creep. Раненый медленно полз через поле. The wounded crept slowly across the field. • to crawl along. Что ты ползёшь, как улитка! Why are you crawling along like a snail! — Наш поезд еле ползёт. Our train is just crawling along.

поливать (dur of полить) to water. Мы поливаем огород каждый день. We water our vegetable garden every day.

поликлиника polyclinic.

полинять (pct of линять) to fade. Ваше платье в стирке очень полиняло. Your dress came back from the laundry all faded.

политграмота (политическая грамота) elementary political science. Вам следовало бы заглянуть в учебник по политграмоте. You should look into an elementary political science text.

политика politics. У нас политикой все интересуются. Everybody is interested in politics here. • policy. Я вчера прочёл статью об иностранной политике СССР. I read an article yesterday dealing with the foreign policy of the USSR. — Вашей политики, правду сказать, я не понимаю. To tell the truth, I can't understand your policy.

политический political. Вы обнаруживаете полную политическую неграмотность. You show complete political ignorance.


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Europa

EURO'PA (Lat., from Gk. Εὐρώπη, Europē, from Assyr. ērēbu, to set (of the sun), although the Greeks etymologized the word as broad-eyed, from εὐρύς, eurys, broad + ὤψ, ōps, eye). In Greek legend, a daughter of ../Agenor/ (q.v.), or Phœnix, King of Phœnicia. Her beauty attracted the attention of Zeus, who appeared in the

form of a white bull, and carried her to Crete, where she became the mother of Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Sarpedon. Zeus presented her with the bronze man, Talos, a dog who never lost his prey, and a spear which never missed its mark, and later gave her to King Asterius of Crete, who adopted her sons. After her death she was worshiped under the surname Hellotia, or Hellotis. Modern mythologists are inclined to see in Europa a moon goddess, or else an earth goddess of fertility, like Demeter. See also .


text:
The New International Encyclopædia/Europa and the Bull

EUROPA AND THE BULL. A well-known painting by Titian (1562), representing the Phœnician damsel borne through the waters on the back of the metamorphosed Zeus, followed by three Cupids, one being seated on a dolphin's back. The painting is now in Cobham Hall, England.


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388 (one of whom is now a fine boy about nine years old) by a black countryman, to whom she was united upon being removed from her European protector." Dr. Jeanneret of Flinders declares: "I do not think Strzelecki was right in his estimate of their fertility."

To my interrogative of "Why did they cease having children?" I received the following reply from Dr. Story, a benevolent member of the Society of Friends, who has lived at Swanport, in Tasmania, for between forty and fifty years:—"I think it a physiological question, that from want of sufficient data could not be answered. I do not know if the medical men who have attended the Natives ever ventilated the question. The deaths at Flinders Island, and the attempts at civilizing the Natives, were consequent on each other. If left to themselves, to roam as they were wont, and undisturbed, they would have reared more children, and there would have been less mortality. The change to Flinders induced or developed an apathic condition of the constitution, rendering them more susceptible of the heats and chills attendant on their corrobories, inducing a peculiar disease in the thoracic viscera." Elsewhere he writes: "After 1823 the women along with the tribe seemed to have had no children; but why I do not know. Their being at war with the Whites may have caused the mothers to neglect their infants, or frights caused continual abortions, until the uterine system was habituated to it."

Among the opinions collected upon the theory of non-fertility, a letter was sent me from Mr. Surveyor-General Calder, of Hobart Town. "I believe," wrote he, "there is mighty humbug in Count Strzelecki's theory, that where a savage woman has had sexual intercourse with a white man, she is for ever after incapable of having children by a man of her own race. What can colour signify? I should almost as soon think of asserting that a black mare could not have a foal by a black horse after having had one by a white one." But he was good enough to enclose me a note from Mr. Solly, Assistant Colonial Secretary of Tasmania; and to whom I take this opportunity of acknowledging my gratitude for past literary assistance. Mr. Solly says: "When I was a resident in South Australia, I knew a woman, an aboriginal Native, the mother (at least I have no doubt she was the mother) of a half-caste child, who had

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Rh another child as dark as herself, and without question the child of a black man." He then proceeds to philosophize upon the subject, saying, "Many of these poor black women used to prostitute themselves for clothes, tobacco, or 'white money,' and, in such cases, I question whether they would bear children any more than white prostitutes."

There is another side of this question. The female is not alone in defective virility. A New Zealand writer says that a "full quiver is the ordinary result of mixed marriages." There never was a difficulty about children with Whites, even when black children in Tasmania were almost unknown. A case in Victoria may bear upon the subject. Seventeen years ago I knew a native who was knocking about the settled districts, having a wife, but being childless. Then he was often intoxicated. About a year since I saw him healthy and happy. He was under good influence, had kept away from town life, and was then working quietly upon his little bit of ground. He had regained his vigour, and with great glee held up a fine black child, that he took from its black mother, and claimed for his own.

Although the destruction in Tasmania was not so awful in magnitude as on the continent, where the Rev. L. E. Threlkeld says, "Of one large tribe in the interior four years since there were 164 persons, now there are only three individuals alive,"—yet the account of Flinders Island experience is a sad one of decline. Surgeon Allen in 1837 wrote from Flinders: "It is almost certain that these people will become extinct in a few years." It is sickening to read such extracts as these from the medical reports:—

The decline of our Aborigines would be explained by Mr. Brace, in his ethnological work, as proceeding "from the wear

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text:
Translation:Shulchan Aruch/Orach Chaim/17

 Chapter 17: Who is Required to Wear Tzitzit

סימן י"ז: מי הם החייבים בציצית

Paragraph 1 — Even though it says in the Torah "and you shall see it" [וראיתם אותו] a blind person must wear tzitzit because ...

סעיף א — אף על גב דכתיב וראיתם אותו סומא חייב בציצית מפני שנתרבה מאשר תכסה בה וקרא דוראיתם אותו איצטריך למעט כסות לילה. (עיין לקמן סימן י"ח):

Paragraph 2 — Women and slaves are exempt [from wearing tzitzit] because it is a time-dependent commandment.
 * Rem"a: ''And if they wish to wrap [in tzitzit] and say the blessing on them it is up to them to do so as with all time-dependent commandments (Tosafot and the Rosh and the Ran, Chapter 2, Rosh Hashanah, First Chapter of Kiddushin). However, it looks as if they are doing it to appear more observant than others, therefore, they should not wear tzitzit, as it is not a commandment of the person [rather of the object] (Agur Section 27). [And for slaves] This means we do not have to buy him a tallit in order that he be required to wear tzitzit as we see in Chapter 19 it says when he has a shawl with four corners he should wear it.

The requirement for a tumtum and an androgynous is doubtful and so they should wrap without a blessing (Explanation: a tumtum does not know whether he/she is male/female, and an androgynous has both male and female genitals).
 * Rem"a: ''And since it is our custom that women should say the blessing when they fulfill time-dependent commandments so should they (Divrei Atzmo)

סעיף ב — נשים ועבדים פטורים מפני שהיא מצות עשה שהזמן גרמא.
 * הגה: ומכל מקום אם רוצים לעטפו ולברך עליו הרשות בידו כמו בשאר מצות עשה שהזמן גרמא (תוספות והרא"ש והר"ן פרק ב' דראש השנה ופרק קמא דקדושין) אך מחזי כיוהרא ולכן אין להן ללבוש ציצית הואיל ואינו חובת גברא (אגור סימן כ"ז) פירוש אינו חייב לקנות לו טלית כדי שיתחייב בציצית ולקמן בסימן י"ט אמר כשיש לו טלית מארבע כנפות (ולבשו).

טומטום ואדרוגינוס חייבין מספק ויתעטפו בלא ברכה. (פירוש טומטום לא נודע אם הוא זכר או נקבה ואדרוגינוס יש לו זכרות ונקבות).
 * (הגה: ולפי מה שנהגו נשים לברך במצות עשה שהזמן גרמא גם הם יברכו) (דברי עצמו):

Paragraph 3 — A child who knows enough to wrap in tzitzit must be taught by his father to wear them as part of his education.
 * Rem"a: And in particular if the minor knows to put two tzitzit in front and two in the back (Notes of Maimuni Chapter 3) and knows to hold the tzitzit in his hand during the reading of the Shema (Mordechai, end of Chapter Lulav Hagadol)

סעיף ג — קטן היודע להתעטף אביו צריך ליקח לו ציצית לחנכו. הגה: ודוקא כשיודע לעטוף שני ציציות לפניו ושנים לאחריו (הגהות מיימוני פרק ג'), ויודע לאחוז הציצית בידו בשעת קריאת שמע (מרדכי סוף פרק לולב הגזול):

 * }

שולחן ערוך אורח חיים יא


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390 and contact with a different and grasping race." He explains farther:—"This must not be understood to be a poetic or sentimental statement. It is a scientific consideration now, in explaining the diminution of any barbarous or inferior race in presence of a more powerful one—the effect on the spirits or temperament which the contrast of a different and more fortunate people causes." This is especially the truth in relation to the Tasmanians. The iron entered into the souls of these sensitive men. They sank under the burden of the thought.

Our Tasmanians suffered from heart sickness and home sickness. Mr. R H. Davis, in his interesting notice, refers to their residence on Flinders, "where," says he, "they have been treated with uniform kindness; nevertheless, the births have been few, and the deaths numerous. This may have been in a great measure owing to their change of living and food; but more so to their banishment from the mainland of Van Diemen's Land, which is visible from Flinders Island; and the Natives have often pointed it out to me with expressions of the deepest sorrow depicted on their countenances." Dr. Barnes was conscious of the same antagonism to his medical treatment, saying, "They pine away, not from any positive disease, but from a disease they call 'home sickness.' They die from a disease of the stomach, which comes on entirely from a desire to return to their own countRy." The Ranz des Vaches appeals to the imagination, and excites romantic impulses, though proceeding from the lips of voluntary exiles from their Swiss mountain-home. Can it be less affecting to witness the tear-dimmed glance of the Tasmanian at the hills from which he was stolen, or listen to the deep sigh of the dark captive as he dwells upon the forest haunts of his youth, and the loved ones of his days there? When the poor gin, with eager look and pointing finger, asked a gentleman if he saw the white, snowy crest of the towering Ben Lomond, then just looming in the distance, the tears rolled down her swarthy cheeks, as she exclaimed, "That-me-country." Perhaps Governor Bourke was justified in declaring, "They conceive that the God of the English is removing the aboriginal inhabitants to make room for them."

It was not to be expected that so mournful a fate could be a matter of indifference to statesmen, and we hear again and again expressions of sympathy from our British rulers. When

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text: Our Common Land (and other short essays)/Chapter 4


text: Our Common Land (and other short essays)/Chapter 5


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Irvine, Alexander (d.1658)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Irvine, Alexander (1793-1873)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Irvine, Christopher


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Irvine, James


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Irvine, William (1743-1787)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Irvine, William (1741-1804)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Irvine, William (1776-1811)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buck, Charles


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buck, John William