text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 01.djvu/1001

 whence the words  and dentes are frequently taken for anchors in the Greek and Latin poets. The invention of the teeth is ascribed by Pliny to the Tuscans; but Pausanias gives the credit to Midas, king of Phrygia. Originally there was only one fluke or tooth, whence anchors were called ; but a second was added, according to Pliny, by Eupalamus, or, according to Strabo, by Anacharsis, the Scythian philosopher. The anchors with two teeth were called  or , and from ancient monuments appear to have resembled generally those used in modern days, except that the stock is absent from them all. Every ship had several anchors; the largest, corresponding to our sheet anchor, was only used in extreme danger, and was hence peculiarly termed  or sacra, whence the proverb sacram anchoram solvere, as flying to the last refuge.

Until the beginning of the 19th century anchors were of imperfect manufacture, the means of effecting good and efficient welding being absent and the iron poor, whilst the arms, being straight, generally parted at the crown, when weighing from good holding-ground. A clerk in Plymouth Yard, named Pering, in the early part of that century (1813) introduced curved arms; and after 1852 the Admiralty anchor, under the direction of the Board, was supplied to H.M. ships, followed by Lieutenant (afterwards Captain) Rodger’s anchor (fig. 1). This marked a great departure from the form of previous anchors. The arms, de, df were formed in one piece, and were pivoted at the crown d on a bolt passing through the forked shank ab. The points or pees e, f, to the palms g were blunt. This anchor had an excellent reputation amongst nautical men of that period, and by the committee on anchors, appointed by the admiralty in 1852, it was placed second only to the anchor of Trotman. Later came the self-canting and close-stowing Martin anchor, which, passing through successive improvements, became the improved Martin anchor (fig. 2) made of forged iron. A projection in the centre of the arms works in a recess at the hub of the shank; the vacancies outside the shank are filled by blocks bolted through on each side, and are flush with the side plates, which keep the flukes in position.

The introduction of cast steel in 1894 led to the improved Martin-Adelphi pattern (fig. 3), in which the crown and arms are cast in one, and, with the stock, are made of cast steel, the shank remaining of forged iron. A projection in the crown works in a recess (right, fig. 3), and is secured in its place by a forged steel pin, fitted with a nut and washer, which passes through the crown and the heel of the shank. All the above anchors were provided with a stock (fig. 1, hk), the use of which is to “cant” the anchor. If it falls on the ground, resting on one arm and one stock, when a strain is brought on the cable, the stock cants the anchor, causing the arms to lie at a downward angle to the holding ground; and the pees enter and bury themselves below the surface of the soil.

To stow a stocked anchor on the forecastle, it is hove up close to the forefoot, and by means of a ground chain (secured to a balancing or gravity band on the anchor), which is joined to a catting chain rove through a cat davit, the anchor is hove up horizontally and placed on its bed, where it is secured by chains passing over a rod fitted with a lever for “letting go.” The cat davit is hinged at its base, and can be laid flat on the deck for right ahead fire or when at sea. Ground and catting chains have been superseded in some ships by a wire pendant and cat hook; the anchor is then hove close up to the hawse-pipe. To avoid cutting away a portion of the forecastle, in the “Cressy,” “Terrible” and “Diadem” classes of the British navy, the anchors, secured by chains, are stowed a-cock-bill, outside the ship, with their crowns resting on iron shoes secured to the ship’s side and the flukes fore and aft. A difficulty is experienced in stowing the anchors when the ship is pitching or rolling heavily. Fig. 4 illustrates an anchor with cat davit or anchor crane used in the P. and O. Company’s steamers (“India” class, 8000 tons); for sea the anchor is stowed on board by the anchor crane.

Stockless anchors have been extensively used in the British mercantile marine and in some foreign navies. In 1903 they were adopted generally for the British navy, after extensive anchor trials, begun in 1885. Their advantages are:—handiness combined with a saving of time and labour; absence of davits, anchor-beds and other gear, with a resulting reduction in weight; and a clear forecastle for “right ahead” gun fire or for working ship. On the other hand a larger hawse-pipe is required, and there appears to be a consensus of opinion that a stockless anchor

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 01.djvu/1001


text:
Page:Life of Octavia Hill as told in her letters.djvu/161

 constitution, and he was to tell them his decision at the Pitti Palace this afternoon; I do not know if he appeared; but at six he was gone. To-morrow General something or other from the King of Sardinia comes. You have no idea of the happy wild excitement the town has been in all day; everywhere the Italian colours, troops of men, with bright coloured flags, going about the streets, crying "Viva l'Italia!" "Viva il re Vittorio Emanuele!" "Viva l'independenza Italiana!"; at the cafes and hotels great flags up, and hardly a man without a bow or feather or something of Italian colours. It is very impressive and exciting; there is something so beautiful in unity, in men forgetting for a time their petty cares and dislikes, enmities, passions, interests, uniting in the great common feeling. Coachmen seem especially patriotic. I have not seen one without the Italian colours; perhaps it may be that, being mezza festa, and many people wanting carriages, in the present state of feeling a coachman who had the colours would be preferred. M. would call it very wrong of me to be suspicious, and attribute bad motives to people.

I cannot help pitying poor old Hyena; I hope he is pretty comfortable. No doubt he has been sending his things off for a long time. He would not have been bad, if he had been a private gentleman, poor fellow; he was out of his place, like a poor old dog having to draw a great cart. There were great placards up saying that the Grand Duke had gone, and that General —— from Piedmont would come, and in the meanwhile begging of the people to behave properly, and not to make any disturbance. But they were as peaceable as possible; seemed as if they would like to shake hands with everyone. I never saw such a

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 142.jpg

of terrible import these—and of a truth before which one veils the unwilling eyes: the words of a poet whose heart had already endured the charring of God's insatiate flame; who, in death, was yet to look down upon the whitening harvest of his art.

For the world knew not Francis Thompson during the days of his pilgrimage. Only a little band—the poets, the elect, and sundry of those whose eyes had by miracle been opened—knew him. They, after all, were the only ones whose praise could have signified to the man himself. But after he had gone out from among us the world wakened up. The world had, indeed, almost immediately the grace to realise how costly a loss had befallen it. The world mourned the poet. The world began to read his thrice-precious legacy. And so the world grew rich. Then came that memorable, that almost spectacular, posthumous essay on Shelley, as rich and as radiant as a handful of jewels; and even the general reader capitulated. So that to-day one may quite declare Thompson's immortality to have been speedily achieved; for only the dead are immortal. 142

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 142.jpg


text:
Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/394

v. 2- things to be fought [for]; I stir up thy weapons with spells (vácas); I sharpen up thy powers (váyas) with incantation (bráhman).

6. Thou didst set that down in the lower and the higher, in what abode (duroṇá) thou didst aid with aid; cause ye to stand there the moving mother; from it send ye many exploits.

7. Praise thou fully, O summit, the many-tracked, skilful (? ṛ́bhvan), most active (iná) Āptya of the Āptyas; may he look on with might, he of much force; may he overpower the counterpart of the earth.

8. These incantations (bráhman) may Brihaddiva, foremost heaven-winner, make, a strain (çūṣá) for Indra; he rules, an autocrat, over the great stall (gotrá); may he, quick (? túra), rich in fervor, send (?) all.

9. So hath the great Brihaddiva Atharvan spoken of his own self (tanū́) [as of] Indra; the two blameless, mother-growing sisters—[men] both impel them with might (çávas) and increase them.

title: Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/394


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 143.jpg

Rh When a certain slender volume of Poems, by one Francis Thompson, was issued in the November of 1893, critical London opened wide eyes of attention and even astonishment. It was not, of course, the mere fact of a new luminary upon the poetic horizon—too frequent an occurrence to cause much excitement, and prone, alas, to prove but the giddy flight of a star shooting down to oblivion. But in these pages there was manifestly something unusual—something elemental and arresting. Their author was straightway greeted with the dubious distinction of new poet, and every variety of criticism was showered upon his work. The old, old cry of "native woodnotes wild" came from one reviewer, from another the complaint of too much polishing; his diction was decried as illiterate on one side and as "too literate" on the other. As a whole, however, the verdict was one of rather dazed appreciation; and, if personal details of a more or less romantic nature began to mingle with current criticism, they merely, and for a time, added to the poet's little vogue.

But who was the poet? In one sense a young man—some thirty-four years—as ages go: but bowed already, bent, well-nigh broken by the age-old sorrow of the world. Not unmeet was it that Thompson's birth should have been in Lancashire, historic home of the flame-red, blood-red rose. His father and mother were converts to the Faith. He was early sent to the venerable Ushaw school, in half-anticipation of a priestly career. Later came the tragic choice of medicine (his family's choice, for the father was a physician) and the passing on to Owens College, Manchester. But Francis loved the public libraries too well to keep to his Materia Medica; and he would seem to have lacked courage to tell his father how radically, how painfully, how even ludicrously

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 143.jpg


text: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book V/Hymn 2

title: Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book V/Hymn 2


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 144.jpg

144 impossible the chosen vocation must be. So the breach came, the needless yet inevitable breach; only healed by sufferance under the Franciscan shadow of Pantasaph, a few months before the parent's death. "I was in every sense an unsatisfactory son," the poet declared with sad humility in his later life.

Up to London came the young exile, unfriended, with a body never robust, a heart of aching sensitiveness, and a mind absorbed in dreams of ideal beauty. Nothing was ever so inconsolably easy as his steep, his swift descent. Those days upon the cruel London streets; those nights when he lay outcast, suffering the "abashless inquisition of each star"; the wonderful, tentative efforts; the ceaseless literary discouragements; the want, the shame, the impotence of it all, bore their speedy fruit. Master of the drug this poet early scorned to be: but now, in his misery, the servitude to the drug was his. There, at least, lay the cessation of pain. It sounds almost melodramatic, the sequel to this terrible prologue: yet it comes to us upon Thompson's own word that only the hand of Thomas Chatterton—reaching out to him from the twilight world of poetry and of death—stayed his own hand in what might have been the hour of despair. That was the night of ultimate darkness. But the angels kept watch and slept not until morning broke. And with morning came the dawn of a new life for Francis Thompson.

The honour of "discovering" the poet rests primarily with the editor of Merry England through whose insight the worth of his vagrant scraps of manuscript was recognized, through whose tender, indefatigable patience he was tracked and coerced into salvation. To him—as, in a double sense, to his wife, Alice Meynell—fell due the debt of Thompson's immortal

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 144.jpg


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 145.jpg

Rh : and to these "dear givers" was dedicated the first volume of his poems. Some of these had been written in Sussex, at the Premonstratensian Monastery of Storrington, to which the new-found friends had directed him. And here, during the following months, was passed an interval of ardently serene creativeness. Here and in London "The Hound of Heaven" took final form—that tremendous and triumphant ode which silenced the most adverse batteries of criticism, and which to the last must stand as one of Thompson's very greatest achievements. Here flamed into life "The Setting Sun." Most of his poems upon children were subsequently composed, and "Love in Dian's Lap" took on its chastely perfect vesture, in London. There too were written the Sister Songs, published as a second volume in 1895; and Pantasaph, near Holywell, in Wales, itself the seat of a Capuchin Monastery, was the birthplace of most of the New Poems which appeared in 1897. Accentuation, all along, might be declared the keynote of this last volume, for every characteristic of the earlier work we here find deepened. It is at once more searchingly philosophical and more richly imaginative; its tenderness is more impassioned, its pathos more intense; while a certain marvellous verbal jugglery (that purple cloud of chaotic magnificence which so often wrapped, and sometimes obscured, Francis Thompson's thought) is even more inalienably dominant in them.

Then the poet returned to London; there he lived, for the greater number of his remaining years, in intimate union with one family of friends, but latterly he wrote little poetry. A few trenchant prose reviews came from his hand during the final decade. Then also was written that admirable and unique Life of St. Ignatius. But not the wisest and the dearest of our poet's

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 145.jpg


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 146.jpg

146 friends could recapture the splendid victory of that early renaissance, nor win back health to his own poor life.

It was on the 13th of November, 1907, that Francis Thompson died: shortly after a visit once again to his peaceful Sussex, at the home of Mr. Wilfrid Blunt. He died in the London to which, rather than to the country, he seemed to belong, and just as dawn was breaking in the east. He left behind him a number of unpublished poems, alike early and late, to be gathered by his literary executor in the collected edition of his work.

Well—one may see Thompson's achievement as a whole now, and through a perspective of time which, naturally, changes some details of the outlook. What does not change or anywise diminish is the conviction of his high place as poet. His work is passionately personal; for all the debt to Patmorean philosophy, its form and its thought are overwhelmingly his own. But it has added many a "heart-remembered" line to the legitimate heritage of English literature. This subjective colouring, as omnipresent in the lyric of childhood as in the Nature ode, is nowhere more emphatic than throughout the "Love in Dian's Lap," addressed to Mrs. Meynell. Nor, indeed, is there any division of Thompson's poetic work more uniquely exquisite. These poems are, for the most part, a record of one of those high and beautiful friendships which literature has again and again immortalised for us.

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 146.jpg


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 147.jpg

Rh the poet declares, in one of that series which Patmore has said "St. John of the Cross might have addressed to St. Theresa." In all truth, one must search Jerusalem with many a candle before coming upon anything more ethereally yet poignantly beautiful in its own field than "Her Por-trait" or "Manus Animam Pinxit." They are not in any sense the usual style of erotic poetry, these poems which see the body but as veil and vesture of the spirit within, and which make their most piercing cry:

But, even aside from their poetic excellence, there is that in them for which Francis Thompson has taken all true womanhood into his debt; as did long ago that brave Cavalier lyrist who laid his tribute at the feet of "Lucasta."

Through the love poems of the later and final volume there vibrates a new note of passionate pain, and the pathos of the series entitled "Ultima" is scarcely exceeded, save by its dig-nity. "No man ever attained supreme knowledge unless his heart had been torn up by the roots": these are the words chosen by Thompson as text for his "Holocaust." And verily hand in hand the joy and the pain of love are seen treading the winepress of the succeeding lyrics, until the vintage of "Ultimum" is reached:

Now in these last spent drops, slow, slower shed, Love dies, Love dies, Love dies—ah, Love is dead!

The days draw on too dark for Song or Love: O peace, my songs, nor stir ye any wing! For lo, the thunder hushing all the grove,

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 147.jpg


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 148.jpg

148

And did Love live, not even Love could sing. And Lady, thus I dare to say, Not all with you is passed away!

Beyond your star, still, still the stars are bright; Beyond your highness, still I follow height; Sole I go forth, yet still to my sad view, Beyond your trueness, Lady, Truth stands true.

In different vein, but full of charm and of a gracious seeming-ingenuousness, is the "little dramatic sequence" which our poet has comprehended under the title "A Narrow Vessel." There is magic in his "Love Declared," that moment singled out, set apart in the heart's long consciousness, when

It is all so naïvely intimate that almost as a shock comes the Patmorean revelation of the Epilogue, wherein it appears that this very, very human story is but an allegory of something more divine, since

"The human heart," declared Walter Savage Landor, "is the world of poetry; the imagination is only its atmosphere." Never a poet understood this better than Thompson. While removed by the length of the cosmos from the mists of pantheism (in which, by inevitable paradox, personality tends ever to become impersonal!) Thompson beheld in Nature a wondrously vital and sentient thing. Beyond this, he had the

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 148.jpg


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Chase, Philander

CHASE, Philander, American Protestant Episcopal bishop: b. Cornish, N. H., 14 Dec. 1775; d. Jubilee College, Ill., 20 Sept. 1852. He was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795, and was ordained priest by Bishop Provoost 10 Nov. 1799. After missionary work in New York State and rectorships at New Orleans, La., and Hartford, Conn., he set out as a missionary in districts west of the Alleghanies. In Ohio he organized various parishes, and in 1819 was consecrated the first bishop of Ohio. Between 18Z1 and 1831 he was for two years president of Cincinnati College, but chiefly engaged in perfecting plans for a theological seminary. He visited England, and through the influence of Lord Gambier and Lord Kenyon raised a large sum of money, $30,000, with which he founded the Theological Seminary and Kenyon College at Gambier, Ohio. In 1831 he resigned his bishopric and the presidency of the college and seminary, removed to Michigan 1832, was chosen bishop of Illinois 1835; again visited England and raised $10,000 with which he founded Jubilee College, Peoria County, Ill. Upon the death of Bishop Griswold in 1843, Bishop Chase became presiding bishop of the Church. He wrote ‘A Plea for the West’ (1826); ‘The Star in the West, or Kenyon

College’ (1828); ‘Defense of Kenyon College’ (1831); ‘A Plea for Jubilee’ (1835); ‘Reminiscences: An Autobiography’ (1848).


text:
Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/395

225

1. Be splendor mine, O Agni, in rival invocations (vihavá); may we, kindling thee, adorn ourselves; let the four directions bow to me; with thee as overseer may we conquer the fighters.

2. O Agni, pushing back the fury of our adversaries, do thou, our keeper (gopā́), protect us about on all sides; let our abusers (durasyú) go away downwards; among themselves (amā́) let the intent of them awaking be lost.

3. Let all the gods be at my separate call—the Maruts with Indra, Vishṇu, Agni; let the broad-spaced atmosphere be mine; let the wind blow (pū) for me unto this desire.

4. Let what sacrifices I make make sacrifice for me; let my mind's design be realized (satyā́); let me not fall into (ni-gā) any sin soever; let all the gods defend me here.

5. On me let the gods bestow (ā-yaj) property; with me be blessing (āçís), with me divine invocation; may the divine invokers (hótar) win that for us; may we be unharmed with our self (tanū́), rich in heroes.

6. Ye six divine wide ones, make wide [space] for us; all ye gods, revel here; let not a portent find us, nor an imprecation; let not the wrong that is hateful find us.

title: Page:Atharva-Veda samhita.djvu/395


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 149.jpg

Rh rarer quality of the unified vision. He has himself elsewhere proclaimed the symbolic initiation without which no poet may attain his mystic "land of Luthany"; declaring the final seal of this vocation to be that inner, indubitable light by which he perceives that all created things,

This mingling of the dainty and the profound is highly characteristic of his own Nature poems. On one page is a fragment like that "To a Snow-flake," of incredible delicacy—on the next, an ode that thunders into sublimity. It is interesting to study in the following stanzas an example of this double manner: the personal appeal to the flower, and the equally subjective, although apparently impersonal, interpretation of the sun's diurnal ministry. The first quoted lines are from a poem, "To Daisies," posthumously published in the Atlantic Monthly.

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 149.jpg


text:
Page:Life of Octavia Hill as told in her letters.djvu/162

 happy expression on the Florentine faces; it was quite pleasant; even the little dust-heap boys had the colours on their ragged hats. I wonder how it will all end. What a terrible thing war is. A thing for the ninth and not the nineteenth century. …

B. told me to say we have had a most peaceable revolution; and there is no danger. It seems the Grand Duke first refused everything that was demanded; but afterwards said he would do anything; but the people would not accept then.

Milton Street, May 12th, 1859.

I've enjoyed all. It is right to let people hear of joy in this world. We were so delighted with Mortain, where there are immense grey granite rocks, and soft green dells of richest grass, bright with millions of flowers. … I saw showers of rain in the distance changed to bright mist, as they were between me and the sun, and the mist swept over the waves of blue hills, and from higher still among wastes of moor desolate with wind, tho' bright with furze and cranberry, to which I climbed with hands and feet. I saw the sea, nine miles away, one golden blaze, on which the motionless grey rock of Mt. St. Michel stood faint and clear and firm. I delighted in the diligences. We always took the coupé, and there we were almost always alone. … The view from the top of the castle of Mt. St. Michel was magnificent, rising suddenly 300 feet out of the flat sand. This granite rock is very impressive; it had a wonderful tendency to become deep purple and has a look of solemn solitude which is rather increased than


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 150.jpg

150 This from the "Orient Ode," a pageant of compelling beauty, is already dear to every lover of Francis Thompson:

It is impossible to quote here from the "Ode to the Setting Sun," with its half-tragic blending of death and birth, or from the wild Bacchic gladness of the "Corymbus for Autumn." For Thompson can, and does, rejoice in beauty with the sensuous loveliness of Keats himself; albeit very soon the visible becomes for him a portent and prophecy of the invisible, and through the glad earth-cry roll dim pealings of "a higher and a solemn voice." There is no more representative expression of this very Christian and very poetic attitude than in the lovely Paschal ode, "From the Night of Forebeing," with its inspiring burden:

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 150.jpg


text: Cambridge Natural History Mammalia/Chapter XII


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 151.jpg

Rh Of formally devotional poetry Francis Thompson has written little—"Ex Ore Infantium," the soaring, surging lines of "Assumpta Maria," and a few others. Yet through all his work the spiritual element is the one commanding, indubitable thing. And religion is more than an emotion to him: it is a philosophy. The mystery of pain and evil one finds acknowledged, not lightly, but through cataclysmic rending of the spirit; and a thousandfold more convincing, because of this wide-eyed out-look upon Life, is the poet's ultimate and persistent hold upon Faith. "If hate were none," he has somewhere dared to ask:

Throughout the mystical poems which form, then, so large a proportion of Thompson's work, there burns a most poignant message. It is the old, primal story of God and the soul, and one finds it thrilling with never-to-be-forgotten intensity in that magnificent ode, "The Hound of Heaven."

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 151.jpg


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 152.jpg

152 Thus begins the flight from this "tremendous Lover." The Soul speeds on and on, knocking vainly for shelter at the door of earthly love; next seeking comradeship with the elements, in the very "heart of Nature's secrecies"—

One by one fails each human hope,

there is one last, bitter cry, and then—submission! Love has conquered, and "like a bursting sea" sounds the voice of the Pursuer:

Thompson has written greater poems than "The Dread of Height"; but, with the sole exception of the "Hound," he has written nothing more characteristic. It is the cry of a soul that has stood very high upon the mountain peaks, and in the glory of fire and cloud feels eternal banishment from the little, joyful things of mortality; for

Moreover, human feet are weak, and the highest

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 152.jpg


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Chase, Pliny Earle

CHASE, Pliny Earle, American scientist: b. Worcester, Mass., 18 Aug. 1820; d. Haverford, Pa., 17 Dec. 1886, He was graduated at Harvard, 1839; taught in Philadelphia and engaged in business for many years, but employed his leisure in physical and philological studies. In 1864 the Magellanic gold medal of the American Philosophical Society was awarded him for his ‘Numerical Relations of Gravity and Magnetism.’ The results of other mathematical and physical researches were published from time to time in the ‘Proceedings’ of the American Philosophical Society, and brought him a wide reputation, both in the United States and abroad, as a man of unusual scientific powers and attainments. In 1871 he became a member of the faculty of Haverford College, Pa., and for a long time was professor of philosophy and logic. He published ‘Elements of Meteorology’ (1884).


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 153.jpg

Rh election none too sure; neither does any know the depths of Hell like him who has gazed down from Heaven's view-point. So with this cry of spiritual isolation is mingled the pleading voice of human impotence:

This Titanic struggle of soul and sense, of will and work, this struggle which is man—

this battle which is the clearest witness of life—save only for those few who have attained to the "unitive" life of resurgent victory and peace—is mightily mirrored in the pages of Francis Thompson. "Any Saint," "To the Dead Cardinal of Westminster," "A Judgment in Heaven"—in these the pillars of our habitual and superficial security, "les convenances," fall crashing about our heads. We have no choice but to gaze at the poet's own "heart-perturbing" visions. That little matter of man and his eternal destiny (matter of all the preachers in all the ages), it is this the white-faced poet is considering. He walks through the valley of the great Shadow; and what wonder that his brows are bound with thorn as well as cypress? It was nowise possible that Thompson should have escaped melancholy—intense and

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 153.jpg


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 154.jpg

154 aching melancholy, that scourge of every sensitive mind. Yet his was, ultimately, a cheerfulness such as merely cheerful men may never know. "Giotto lived in a gloomier town than Euripides," declares Mr. Chesterton (he who knows so well how to say serious things frivolously), "but in a gayer universe." And our poet walked with Giotto. For he believed supremely in God: and he believed in stepping-stones up which the soul might hope to climb; down which God himself might, peradventure, descend. In Francis Thompson, more, seemingly, than in any poet of the present time, has the ascetic ideal found a champion and an exponent.

he bids us, in words which might echo those once spoken beside the Sea of Galilee. The world has never been willing to accept them without a struggle. Indeed, may it not be that only through struggle and conflict and defeat is their truth made manifest?

No really morbid heart has ever been able to delight in children: but Thompson loved them frankly and faithfully. Few poets have written more feelingly of (one does not say for) these little ones. This is patent in all three volumes of his verse—while of the second it is, of course, the very raison d'être. A passage of imperishable beauty in the Sister Songs hints how one scarcely more than a child,

had lent her ministering touch to the poet's heart in those dark, earlier days. And all the world

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 154.jpg


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Milligan, Ex Parte

MILLIGAN, Ex Parte, a decision handed down by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1866 holding a military commission to be without power in a State not invaded nor in rebellion, and where the usual civil courts, both Federal and State, were open; rendered by a barely sufficient majority, with Chief Justice Chase and Justices Wayne, Swayne and Miller dissenting, and Chief Justice Chase pronouncing a forcible protest. The case was that of one Lambdin P. Milligan, a United States citizen residing in Indiana, arrested by military authorities in 1864 on a charge of conspiracy, disloyal practices, inciting insurrection and aiding and comforting the enemy. He was found guilty by a military commission and sentenced to death. His counsel filed a writ of habeas corpus in the United States Circuit Court and the case eventually was carried to the Supreme Court, where the military commission was held to be without jurisdiction in his case. Chief Justice Chase asserted that the power of Congress “to authorize trials for crimes against the security and safety of the national forces,

may be derived from its constitutional power to raise and support armies and to declare war”; and that while the civil courts “might be open and undisturbed in their functions. . . yet wholly incompetent to avert threatened danger, or to punish, with adequate promptitude and certainty, the guilty conspirators.” Consult ‘Wallace's Reports of the Supreme Court of the United States’ (Vol. IV, 1866).


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Slaughter-House Cases

SLAUGHTER-HOUSE CASES arose out of laws passed in 1869 by the legislature of the State of Louisiana in an act intended to protect the public health in the city of New Orleans and to that end incorporating The Crescent City Live Stock Landing and Slaughter-house Company. The act gives to this company the sole right “to land, keep or slaughter any cattle, beeves, sheep, swine or other animals. . . within the city of New Orleans, or at any point or place. . .” on the east or west banks of the Mississippi River, opposite the corporate limits of the city. Included with this privilege, granted to this company and forbidden to all other persons, was the right to establish wharves for the landing of livestock and to levy wharfage on the stock landed at so much per head. This act was bitterly opposed by the butchers and cattle dealers, and after it went into effect an action was brought in the District Court and an injunction obtained on the ground that the law was unconstitutional; when the case was tried the court sustained the injunction and made it perpetual, on the ground that it was in opposition to the 14th Amendment of the ../United States Constitution/ (q.v.), and to the first and second sections of the State “Bill of Rights.” In delivering his opinion the judge (Collens) said as follows: “This law (1) prevents any freedom whatever; (2) walls up many miles of the shores of the river on both sides against an important branch of commerce; (3) vests as it were a private company with an ownership in one of the greatest ports of entry in the United States; (4) gives this company alone the authority to ‘establish wharves’ for vessels bringing livestock into the port of New Orleans; (5) yields it the ‘exclusive’ right of having one or more stock landings, with the ‘exclusive’

privilege of having landed at its wharves and landing places all animals intended for sale or slaughter in the parishes of Orleans and Jefferson; (6) authorizes it to determine at what points or places wharves, stock-landings, etc., may be erected; (7) grants it the power of levying wharfage not simply on the vessels, according to tonnage and time, but a round sum on the vessels, and a duty of 10 cents per head on large, and 5 cents per head on small beasts landed in this port; and (8) all this is made effective by penal clauses imposing fines, etc.” The judge declared that this was not only against the clauses named, but, surpassing police regulation, was also “a bold and well contrived regulation of commerce, compelling the coveted trade to flow into the channel, and leave the tribute in the coffers of this private monopoly,” and as such was in violation with both the provision in the Federal Constitution giving Congress the sole power to regulate commerce, and the act of Congress under which the State of Louisiana was admitted into the Union.

This decision, with others, some varying, which had been given in different District Courts, were the next year, 1870, carried into the Supreme Court of the State, and there the case was determined in favor of the defendant corporation, and all persons enjoined from interfering with the privileges granted to it under its charter. The opponents of the company then took the case into the United States Circuit Court, asking for a perpetual restraining injunction against it. This was granted on the sole ground that the act incorporating the company was in violation of the 14th Amendment of the Federal Constitution, the court disclaiming jurisdiction over any other of the issues raised. A writ of error was asked for and obtained, and on it the case was carried to the United States Supreme Court. Here, after being three times argued, a decision was delivered in 1873, recognizing the validity of the act and permitting the exercise of the powers conferred by it. The decision of the court on the various issues involved gave the case its great importance. It had been contended, in the first place, that the act was invalid because it created a monopoly, conferring privileges on a few persons to the exclusion of all others, and depriving a numerous class of citizens of the right to follow their usual employment. On this point the court decided that the act was within the police power of the legislature — “a power incapable of any very exact definition or limitation.” From the decision upon this point a minority composed of the chief justice and two associate justices dissented. The objection had been urged by the complainants that the act was a violation (1) of the 13th Amendment of the Federal Constitution, by creating a kind of involuntary servitude; and (2) of the 14th Amendment, because it abridged ihe privileges and immunities of citizens of the United States, deprived the plaintiffs of their property without due process of law and denied them equal protection under the law. The court held that the term “servitude” in the 13th Amendment means personal servitude and that the purpose of the amendment was to guard against a continuance of slavery in any form, and that the amendment had not been violated by the act under discussion. As regarded the 14th Amendment the court perceived and established the difference

between a citizen of the United States and a citizen of a State; it defined the rights and privileges of these two classes of citizens and held that only a citizen of the United States was placed under the protection of the Constitution by the clause in the 14th Amendment. The court further held that no other clause of the amendment was violated, the act of the legislature of Louisiana not being a deprivation of property, nor a denial of the equal protection of the laws, within the meaning of the amendment.

The minority of the court held (1) that the act of the legislature was of itself a step beyond the police powers of the State, and, therefore, was void; (2) that the act was also void under the 14th Amendment since it is in the meaning of that amendment that all acts of a State legislature shall respect the equality of rights of its citizens to follow the ordinary pursuits of life which equality of rights, the minority held, had been contravened.

The decisions of this case are considered extremely important because they not only discuss the police powers of the States, but because of the interpretations of the clauses in the Federal Constitution brought into issue. The case is reported in 16 Wall. 36, Supreme Court reports.


text: User:Linnea/sandbox

title: User:Linnea/sandbox


title: User:Linnea/sandbox2


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 155.jpg

Rh knows how, in the children of Alice and Wilfrid Meynell, Thompson found one of his inspirations. He has left, as a memorial of his love for them, the verses to his God-child, Francis Meynell; also a lovely fantasy, "The Making of Viola"; the whole of Sister Songs; "The Poppy"; and that uniquely haunting poem "To Monica Thought Dying," with its image of Death holding state among the little broken playthings, thrice in-tolerable with "this dreadful childish babble on his tongue." In a niche of its own must stand that exquisite "Ex Ore Infantium"—

of which no detached page can hope to reproduce the tender gaiety. It recalls nothing so much as one of Crashaw's divinely human touches, his marvelling

Manifestly, Thompson's viewpoint (the viewpoint of verses such as "Daisy" and "The Poppy") is very far from being a childlike one. But his are the musings of one who, having known the full measure of manhood—having known life and love and the grave—has still a heart meet for "the nurseries of Heaven."

We have already suggested the inevitable thing: and now, perforce, we remember that one of the first—yea, and one of the last—titles laid by appreciative critics at our poet's feet was, "the greater Crashaw." It is as deceptive as such generalisations have, in the main, proved

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 155.jpg


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 156.jpg

156 selves to be. To point out that the human aspiration for supernal beauty, which Edgar Poe once defined as the essence of the poetic principle, was supremely potent in both men is merely saying that both were authentic poets. The further resemblance would seem to lie in that mystical and spiritual attitude toward life, in that fervour of imagination coupled with devotional tenderness (a "divine familiarity" Thompson himself once called it in commenting on the older poet) which may almost be claimed as a birthright by our Catholic songsters. But Crashaw's was essentially a lyric genius; and Francis Thompson is as dramatic as Browning. Temperamental contrasts are quite as striking: for while the voice of Richard Crashaw comes to us in tones of angelic sweetness, soaring ever to the clouds as to its native sphere, the author of the "Hound of Heaven" has pierced to the depths of passional experiences, and speaks in "words accursed of comfortable men." The one might well be called the poet of Bethlehem—the other, of Gethsemane!

Obvious enough, for the most part, are the imperfections of Thompson's poetic work. But his was overwhelmingly a creative genius, and his faults are, almost without exception, those secondary ones of criticism. He is prone to ellipse and obscurity, to a magnificent anarchy of construction: more than once will his robust and esoteric choice of words plunge the reader in semi-helplessness. Drawbacks such as these may seem superficial enough (and therefore the more unnecessary), but they have their root in some fundamental idiosyncrasy of thought, and are very rarely overcome. In a searching critique upon the first poems, Coventry Patmore granted Thompson all the masculine virtues of "profound thought and far-fetched splendour of imagery, and

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 156.jpg


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 158.jpg

158 poetry. His work is a precious heritage: memorable for its artistic beauty and its deep human sympathy; but in the last analysis most memorable for its essential Catholicity, its spiritual profundity and elevation.

It is Thompson himself who has achieved this costly and mystical quest!

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 158.jpg


text:
Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 157.jpg

Rh discernment of those analogies which are the 'roots' of the poet's language," but regretted his lack of the "shy moderation which never says as much as it means." Yet, when all is said, one hesitates to bring the "personal equation" too close to a poet's individuality, or to criticise the passion flower because it is neither a rose nor an asphodel. Why should it not be—just a passion flower? In all nature there are few things more tragically significant. And no one who has read those illuminating prose reviews, contributed originally to the Athenæum or the Academy, could for an instant question Thompson's fundamental critical ability. Melody he knew, and dissonance he knew, with purposeful effect: but his was the large way of Il Magnifico in things alike good and ill.

Death has done much for Francis Thompson; still he is not yet under danger of becoming a "popular poet." In more than a score of passages he has imprisoned emotions still palpitating with life; he has found words for those flashes of consciousness which, almost to our own souls, remain inarticulate. But they are not surface emotions, and in mode of expression the poet was supremely heedless of the wide appeal. Moreover, being far from obvious, his poems demand somewhat of the reader's co-operation, with the inevitable result of minimising the circle of these readers. No one was more conscious of this than Thompson himself in the rare moments when he can be said to have been at all conscious of his reader; "The Cloud's Swan Song" alludes to it with a delicate and piercing pathos. But this, after all, is the slightest test of poetic worth. Those who are willing to delve a little will find real gold in Francis Thompson's volumes—gold of a burning purity and brilliance all too rare in the mines of

title: Page:The Poet's Chantry pg 157.jpg


text: A Practical International Program

title: A Practical International Program


text:
Page:Gray Leggings. Comanches - NARA - 519068.jpg

 Portrait de l'Indien Comanches Gray Leggings. Photographie de Alex Gandner. 1872


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byron, Henry James


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byron, John (d.1652)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byron, John (1723-1786)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byron, Thomas


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byrth, Thomas


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bysshe, Edward (fl.1712)


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bythner, Victorinus


text:
Page:A Set of Six.djvu/127

Rh voice, because gathering me in, as it were, by a friendly glance, he kept it going without a check.

"I was glad of it," he repeated, emphatically. "You may be surprised at it, but then you haven't gone through the experience I've had of her. I can tell you, it was something to remember. Of course, I got off scot free myself—as you can see. She did her best to break up my pluck for me tho'. She jolly near drove as fine a fellow as ever lived into a madhouse. What do you say to that—eh?"

Not an eyelid twitched in Mr. Stonor's enormous face. Monumental! The speaker looked straight into my eyes.

"It used to make me sick to think of her going about the world murdering people."

Jermyn approached the handkerchief a little nearer to the grate and groaned. It was simply a habit he had.

"I've seen her once," he declared, with mournful indifference. "She had a house"

The stranger in tweeds turned to stare down at him, surprised.

"She had three houses," he corrected, authoritatively. But Jermyn was not to be contradicted.

"She had a house, I say," he repeated, with dismal obstinacy. "A great, big, ugly, white thing. You could see it from miles away—sticking up."

"So you could," assented the other readily. "It was old Colchester's notion, though he was always threatening to give her up. He couldn't stand her racket any more, he declared; it was too much of a good thing for him; he would wash his hands of her, if he never got hold of another—and so on. I daresay he would have chucked her, only—it may surprise you—his missus wouldn't hear of it. Funny, eh? But with women, you never know how they will take a thing, and Mrs.

title: Page:A Set of Six.djvu/127


text:
Page:A Set of Six.djvu/128

108 Colchester, with her moustaches and big eyebrows, set up for being as strong-minded as they make them. She used to walk about in a brown silk dress, with a great gold cable flopping about her bosom. You should have heard her snapping out: 'Rubbish!' or 'Stuff and nonsense!' I daresay she knew when she was well off. They had no children, and had never set up a home anywhere. When in England she just made shift to hang out anyhow in some cheap hotel or boarding-house. I daresay she liked to get back to the comforts she was used to. She knew very well she couldn't gain by any change. And, moreover, Colchester, though a first-rate man, was not what you may call in his first youth, and, perhaps, she may have thought that he wouldn't be able to get hold of another (as he used to say) so easily. Anyhow, for one reason or another, it was 'Rubbish' and 'Stuff and nonsense' for the good lady. I overheard once young Mr. Apse himself say to her confidentially: 'I assure you, Mrs. Colchester, I am beginning to feel quite unhappy about the name she's getting for herself.' 'Oh,' says she, with her deep little hoarse laugh, 'if one took notice of all the silly talk,' and she showed Apse all her ugly false teeth at once. It would take more than that to make me lose my confidence in her, I assure you,' says she."

At this point, without any change of facial expression, Mr. Stonor emitted a short, sardonic laugh. It was very impressive, but I didn't see the fun. I looked from one to another. The stranger on the hearthrug had an ugly smile.

"And Mr. Apse shook both Mrs. Colchester's hands, he was so pleased to hear a good word said for their favourite. All these Apses, young and old you know, were perfectly infatuated with that abominable, dangerous"

title: Page:A Set of Six.djvu/128


text:
Page:A Set of Six.djvu/129

Rh "I beg your pardon," I interrupted, for he seemed to be addressing himself exclusively to me; "but who on earth are you talking about?"

"I am talking of the Apse family," he answered, courteously.

I nearly let out a damn at this. But just then the respected Miss Blank put her head in, and said that the cab was at the door, if Mr. Stonor wanted to catch the eleven three up.

At once the senior pilot arose in his mighty bulk and began to struggle into his coat, with awe-inspiring upheavals. The stranger and I hurried impulsively to his assistance, and directly we laid our hands on him he became perfectly quiescent. We had to raise our arms very high, and to make efforts. It was like caparisoning a docile elephant. With a "Thanks, gentlemen," he dived under and squeezed himself through the door in a great hurry.

We smiled at each other in a friendly way.

"I wonder how he manages to hoist himself up a ship's side-ladder," said the man in tweeds; and poor Jermyn, who was a mere North Sea pilot, without official status or recognition of any sort, pilot only by courtesy, groaned.

"He makes eight hundred a year."

"Are you a sailor?" I asked the stranger, who had gone back to his position on the rug.

"I used to be till a couple of years ago, when I got married," answered this communicative individual. "I even went to sea first in that very ship we were speaking of when you came in."

"What ship?" I asked, puzzled. "I never heard you mention a ship."

"I've just told you her name, my dear sir," he replied. "The Apse Family. Surely you've heard of the great

title: Page:A Set of Six.djvu/129


text:
Page:A Set of Six.djvu/130

110 firm of Apse & Sons, shipowners. They had a pretty big fleet. There was the Lucy Apse, and the Harold Apse, and Anne, John, Malcolm, Clara, Juliet, and so on—no end of Apses. Every brother, sister, aunt, cousin, wife—and grandmother, too, for all I know—of the firm had a ship named after them. Good, solid, old-fashioned craft they were, too, built to carry and to last. None of your new-fangled, labour-saving appliances in them, but plenty of men and plenty of good salt beef and hard tack put aboard—and off you go to fight your way out and home again."

The miserable Jermyn made a sound of approval, which sounded like a groan of pain. Those were the ships for him. He pointed out in doleful tones that you couldn't say to labour-saving appliances: "Jump lively now, my hearties." No labour-saving appliance would go aloft on a dirty night with the sands under your lee.

"No," assented the stranger, with a wink at me. "The Apses didn't believe in them either, apparently. They treated their people well—as people don't get treated nowadays, and they were awfully proud of their ships. Nothing ever happened to them. This last one, the Apse Family, was to be like the others, only she was to be still stronger, still safer, still more roomy and comfortable. I believe they meant her to last for ever. They had her built composite—iron, teak-wood, and greenheart, and her scantling was something fabulous. If ever an order was given for a ship in a spirit of pride this one was. Everything of the best. The commodore captain of the employ was to command her, and they planned the accommodation for him like a house on shore under a big, tall poop that went nearly to the mainmast. No wonder Mrs. Colchester wouldn't let the old man give her up. Why, it was the best home

title: Page:A Set of Six.djvu/130


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Chase

CHASE, an E. central county of Kansas, watered by the Neosho river and its affluents; area, 757 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 1,975. The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé railroad traverses it. The chief productions in 1870 were 47,261 bushels of wheat, 104,626 of Indian corn, 26,748 of oats, and 8,605 tons of hay. There were 1,189 horses, 1,201 milch cows, 4,730 other cattle, 1,255 sheep, and 585 swine. Capital, Cottonwood Falls.

title: The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Chase


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Chase, Irah

CHASE, Irah, D. D., an American clergyman, born at Stratton, Vt., Oct. 5, 1793, died at Newtonville, Mass., in November, 1864. He was educated at Middlebury college and Andover theological seminary, and was ordained in 1817. After laboring as a Baptist missionary in the western part of Virginia, he became in 1818 professor in the theological school at Philadelphia, which was soon after transferred to Washington. In this office he remained seven years, one of which he spent in Europe, and in 1825 he was prominent in establishing the theological school at Newton Centre, Mass., with which he was connected as professor till 1845, when he resigned, in order to devote himself to theological and literary studies. During a visit to Europe in 1830 he aided in founding the Baptist mission in France. He published “The Life of John Bunyan,” “The Design of Baptism,” “The Work claiming to be the Constitution of the Holy Apostles, revised from the Greek,” “Infant Baptism an Invention of Man,” and many sermons, essays, and contributions to reviews on questions of church history and doctrine.


text: Cambridge Natural History Mammalia/Chapter XIII


text:
Page:A Set of Six.djvu/131

Rh she ever had in all her married days. She had a nerve, that woman.

"The fuss that was made while that ship was building! Let's have this a little stronger, and that a little heavier; and hadn't that other thing better be changed for something a little thicker. The builders entered into the spirit of the game, and there she was, growing into the clumsiest, heaviest ship of her size right before all their eyes, without anybody becoming aware of it somehow. She was to be 2,000 tons register, or a little over; no less on any account. But see what happens. When they came to measure her she turned out 1,999 tons and a fraction. General consternation! And they say old Mr. Apse was so annoyed when they told him that he took to his bed and died. The old gentleman had retired from the firm twenty-five years before, and was ninety-six years old if a day, so his death wasn't, perhaps, so surprising. Still Mr. Lucian Apse was convinced that his father would have lived to a hundred. So we may put him at the head of the list. Next comes the poor devil of a shipwright that brute caught and squashed as she went off the ways. They called it the launch of a ship, but I've heard people say that, from the wailing and yelling and scrambling out of the way, it was more like letting a devil loose upon the river. She snapped all her checks like pack-thread, and went for the tugs in attendance like a fury. Before anybody could see what she was up to she sent one of them to the bottom, and laid up another for three months' repairs. One of her cables parted, and then, suddenly—you couldn't tell why—she let herself be brought up with the other as quiet as a lamb.

"That's how she was. You could never be sure what she would be up to next. There are ships difficult to handle, but generally you can depend on them

title: Page:A Set of Six.djvu/131


text:
Page:A Set of Six.djvu/132

112 rationally. With that ship, whatever you did with her you never knew how it would end. She was a wicked beast. Or, perhaps, she was only just insane."

He uttered this supposition in so earnest a tone that I could not refrain from smiling. He left off biting his lower lip to apostrophize me.

"Eh! Why not? Why couldn't there be something in her build, in her lines corresponding toWhat's madness? Only something just a tiny bit wrong in the make of your brain. Why shouldn't there be a mad ship—I mean mad in a ship-like way, so that under no circumstances could you be sure she would do what any other sensible ship would naturally do for you. There are ships that steer wildly, and ships that can't be quite trusted always to stay; others want careful watching when running in a gale; and, again, there may be a ship that will make heavy weather of it in every little blow. But then you expect her to be always so. You take it as part of her character, as a ship, just as you take account of a man's peculiarities of temper when you deal with him. But with her you couldn't. She was unaccountable. If she wasn't mad, then she was the most evil-minded, underhand, savage brute that ever went afloat. I've seen her run in a heavy gale beautifully for two days, and on the third broach to twice in the same afternoon. The first time she flung the helmsman clean over the wheel, but as she didn't quite manage to kill him she had another try about three hours afterwards. She swamped herself fore and aft, burst all the canvas we had set, scared all hands into a panic, and even frightened Mrs. Colchester down there in these beautiful stern cabins that she was so proud of. When we mustered the crew there was one man missing. Swept overboard, of course, without

title: Page:A Set of Six.djvu/132


text:
Page:A Set of Six.djvu/133

Rh being either seen or heard, poor devil! and I only wonder more of us didn't go.

"Always something like that. Always. I heard an old mate tell Captain Colchester once that it had come to this with him, that he was afraid to open his mouth to give any sort of order. She was as much of a terror in harbour as at sea. You could never be certain what would hold her. On the slightest provocation she would start snapping ropes, cables, wire hawsers, like carrots. She was heavy, clumsy, unhandy—but that does not quite explain that power for mischief she had. You know, somehow, when I think of her I can't help remembering what we hear of incurable lunatics breaking loose now and then."

He looked at me inquisitively. But, of course, I couldn't admit that a ship could be mad.

"In the ports where she was known," he went on, "they dreaded the sight of her. She thought nothing of knocking away twenty feet or so of solid stone facing off a quay or wiping off the end of a wooden wharf. She must have lost miles of chain and hundreds of tons of anchors in her time. When she fell aboard some poor unoffending ship it was the very devil of a job to haul her off again. And she never got hurt herself—just a few scratches or so, perhaps. They had wanted to have her strong. And so she was. Strong enough to ram Polar ice with. And as she began so she went on. From the day she was launched she never let a year pass without murdering somebody. I think the owners got very worried about it. But they were a stiff-necked generation all these Apses; they wouldn't admit there could be anything wrong with the Apse Family. They wouldn't even change her name. 'Stuff and nonsense,' as Mrs. Colchester used to say. They ought at least to have shut her up for life in some dry dock or other, away

title: Page:A Set of Six.djvu/133


text:
Page:A Set of Six.djvu/134

114 up the river, and never let her smell salt water again. I assure you, my dear sir, that she invariably did kill someone every voyage she made. It was perfectly well-known. She got a name for it, far and wide."

I expressed my surprise that a ship with such a deadly reputation could ever get a crew.

"Then, you don't know what sailors are, my dear sir. Let me just show you by an instance. One day in dock at home, while loafing on the forecastle head, I noticed two respectable salts come along, one a middle-aged, competent, steady man, evidently, the other a smart, youngish chap. They read the name on the bows and stopped to look at her. Says the elder man: ' Apse Family. That's the sanguinary female dog' (I'm putting it in that way) 'of a ship, Jack, that kills a man every voyage. I wouldn't sign in her—not for Joe, I wouldn't.' And the other says: 'If she were mine, I'd have her towed on the mud and set on fire, blamme if I wouldn't.' Then the first man chimes in: 'Much do they care! Men are cheap, God knows.' The younger one spat in the water alongside. 'They won't have me—not for double wages.'

"They hung about for some time and then walked up the dock. Half an hour later I saw them both on our deck looking about for the mate, and apparently very anxious to be taken on. And they were."

"How do you account for this?" I asked.

"What would you say?" he retorted. "Recklessness! The vanity of boasting in the evening to all their chums: 'We've just shipped in that there Apse Family. Blow her. She ain't going to scare us.' Sheer sailor-like perversity! A sort of curiosity. Well—a little of all that, no doubt. I put the question to them in the course of the voyage. The answer of the elderly chap was:

title: Page:A Set of Six.djvu/134


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Chase, Philander

CHASE, Philander, an American clergyman, born in Cornish, N. H., Dec. 14, 1775, died at Jubilee college, Illinois, Sept. 20, 1852. He

graduated at Dartmouth college in 1795. His religious views at this time were those usually held by the Congregationalists, but having met with a prayer book of the Episcopal church and carefully examined its contents, he studied for the ministry in that church, and was ordained in New York in May, 1798. For several years he was occupied in missionary labors in various parts of the state of New York. In 1805, on account of his wife's health, he went to New Orleans, where he labored zealously in behalf of the Episcopal church. Returning to the north in 1811, he became rector of Christ's church, Hartford, Conn. Deeply interested in the religious condition and prospects of the great west, he went in 1817 to Ohio, and entered into the work of planting and building up the church in that state. He became bishop of Ohio Feb. 11, 1819, and prosecuted his labors amid many severe trials; but feeling the necessity of educational influence and power, he visited England in 1823 to ask for pecuniary aid toward founding a college and theological seminary in Ohio. He collected about $30,000, and on his return purchased 8,000 acres of land and laid the foundations of Kenyon college and Gambier theological seminary. Disputes having arisen between the bishop and some of his clergy in regard to the proper use of the funds obtained from England, he resigned in September, 1831, his jurisdiction in Ohio and the headship of the college. Intent upon missionary labor, he removed further west, and in 1835 was chosen bishop of Illinois. He again, visited England, and collected about $10,000 for the same purpose as before. His labors culminated in the founding in 1838 of Jubilee college at Robin's Nest, Illinois, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was a man of more than average ability, of indomitable perseverance, and great strength of will, and was the most energetic and successful pioneer of the Episcopal church in the west. His publications are: “A Plea for the West” (1826); “The Star in the West, or Kenyon College” (1828); “Defence of Kenyon College” (1831); and “Reminiscences,” an autobiography, containing the principal events in the author's life to 1847 (2 vols. 8vo, 1848).


text:
The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Chase, Salmon Portland

CHASE, Salmon Portland, an American statesman and jurist, born in Cornish, N. H., Jan. 13, 1808, died in New York, May 7, 1873. In 1815 his father removed to Keene, and died two years later. When 12 years old he went to Worthington, Ohio, where his tuition was superintended by his uncle, Philander Chase, then bishop of Ohio. He then entered Cincinnati college, and after about a year's residence there returned to his mother's home in New Hampshire, and in 1824 entered the junior class of Dartmouth college, where he graduated in 1826. In the succeeding winter Mr. Chase opened a school for boys in Washington. In 1829 he was admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia, for which he had qualified himself while discharging the duties of a teacher.

In 1830 he returned to Cincinnati. While straggling through the early embarrassments of professional life, he prepared an edition of the statutes of Ohio, with copious annotations, and a preliminary sketch of the history of the state (3 vols. 8vo). This edition soon superseded all previous publications of the statutes, and is now received as authority in the courts. Aided by the reputation thus acquired, he soon gained a valuable practice, and in 1834 became solicitor of the bank of the United States in Cincinnati, and not long after of one of the city banks. In 1837 he acted as counsel for a colored woman claimed as a fugitive slave, and in an elaborate argument, afterward published, controverted the authority of congress to impose any duties or confer any powers in fugitive slave cases on state magistrates, and maintained that the law of 1793 relative to fugitives from service was void, because unwarranted by the constitution of the United States. The same year, in an argument before the supreme court of Ohio in defence of James G. Birney, prosecuted under a state law for harboring a negro slave, Mr. Chase asserted the doctrine that slavery was local and dependent on state law for existence and continuance, and insisted that the person alleged to have been harbored, having been brought within the territorial limits of Ohio by the individual claiming her as master, was thenceforth in fact and by right free. In 1846 he was associated with William H. Seward as defendant's counsel in the case of Van Zandt before the supreme court of the United States, and argued more elaborately the principles which he had advanced in former cases, maintaining that under the ordinance of 1787 no fugitive from service could be reclaimed from Ohio unless there had been an escape from one of the original states; that it was the clear understanding of the framers of the constitution that slavery was to be left exclusively to the disposal of the several states, without sanction or support from the national government; and that the clause in the constitution relative to persons held to service was one of compact between the states, and conferred no power of legislation on congress, and was never understood to confer any. — Prior to 1841 Mr. Chase had taken little part in politics. He had voted sometimes with the democrats, but more commonly with the whigs, who in the north seemed to him more favorable to anti-slavery views than their opponents. In 1841 he united in a call for a convention of the opponents of slavery and slavery extension, which assembled at Columbus in December. This convention organized the liberty party of Ohio, nominated a candidate for governor, and issued an address to the people written by Mr. Chase, defining its principles and purposes. In 1843 a national liberty convention assembled at Buffalo. Mr. Chase was an active member of the committee on resolutions, to which was referred a resolution proposing “to regard and treat the third clause of the constitution, whenever applied to

the case of a fugitive slave, as utterly null and void, and consequently as forming no part of the constitution of the United States, whenever we are called upon or sworn to support it.” He opposed the resolution, and the committee refused to report it. It was, however, afterward moved in the convention by its author, and adopted. In 1845 Mr. Chase projected a southern and western liberty convention, designed to embrace “all who, believing that whatever is worth preserving in republicanism can be maintained only by uncompromising war against the usurpations of the slave power, and are therefore resolved to use all constitutional and honorable means to effect the extinction of slavery within their respective states, and its reduction to its constitutional limits in the United States.” The convention was held in Cincinnati in June, 1845, and Mr. Chase, as chairman of the committee, prepared the address, giving a history of slavery in the United States, showing the position of the whig and democratic parties, and arguing the necessity of a political organization unequivocally committed to the denationalization of slavery and the overthrow of the slave power. In 1847 he was a member of the second national liberty convention, and opposed the making of any national nomination at that time, urging that a more general movement against slavery extension and domination was likely to grow out of the agitation of the Wilmot proviso, and the action of congress and political parties in reference to slavery. In 1848, anticipating that the conventions of the whig and democratic parties would probably refuse to take ground against the extension of slavery, he prepared a call for a free territory state convention at Columbus, which was signed by more than 3,000 voters of all political parties. The convention thus called was largely attended, and invited a national convention to meet at Buffalo in August. This convention, over which Mr. Chase presided, nominated Martin Van Buren for president, and Charles Francis Adams for vice president. — On Feb. 22, 1849, he was chosen a senator of the United States from Ohio, receiving the entire vote of the democratic members of the legislature, and of those freesoil members who favored democratic views. The democratic party of Ohio, by the resolutions of its state convention, had already declared slavery an evil. Mr. Chase, coinciding with the democrats in their general views of state policy, supported their state nominees, distinctly announcing his intention, in the event of the party's desertion of its anti-slavery position in state or national conventions, to end at once his connection with it. When the nomination of Mr. Pierce by the Baltimore convention of 1852, with a platform approving the compromise acts of 1850, and denouncing the further discussion of the slavery question, was sanctioned by the democratic party in Ohio, Mr. Chase withdrew from it, and advocated the formation of an

democratic party. He prepared a platform, which was substantially adopted by the convention of the independent democracy at Pittsburgh in 1852. He supported the nominees and measures of the independent democracy until the Nebraska bill gave rise to a new and powerful party, based substantially upon the ideas he had so long maintained. In March, 1850, he delivered in the senate a speech against Mr. Clay's compromise bill, reviewing thoroughly all the questions presented in it. He moved an amendment providing against the introduction of slavery in the territories to which the bill applied, but it failed by a vote of 25 to 30. He proposed also, though without success, an amendment to the fugitive slave bill, securing trial by jury to alleged fugitive slaves, and another conforming its provisions to the terms of the constitution, by excluding from its operation persons escaping from states to territories, and vice versa. In 1854, when the bill for the repeal of the Missouri compromise, commonly called the Nebraska-Kansas bill, was introduced, he drafted an appeal to the people against the measure, and in a speech on Feb. 3 attempted the first elaborate exposure of the features of that bill, as viewed by its opponents. In the general opposition to the Nebraska bill he took a leading part, and made an earnest protest against it on the night of its passage. Meanwhile he was constant in the discharge of the general duties of his position as senator. To divorce the federal government from all connection with slavery, to confine its action strictly within constitutional limits, to uphold the rights of individuals and of the states, to foster all the great interests of the country, and to secure an economical administration of the national finances, were the general aims which he endeavored to promote. He held that the federal treasury should defray the expense of providing for the safety of navigation on our great inland seas, as well as on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, and urged liberal aid by the federal government to the construction of a railroad to the Pacific. He was an earnest supporter of the policy of the free homestead movement, and of cheap postage. — In July, 1855, Mr. Chase was nominated by the opponents of the Nebraska bill and the Pierce administration for governor of Ohio, and was elected. His inaugural address, delivered in 1856, recommended economy in the administration of public affairs, single districts for legislative representation, annual instead of biennial sessions of the legislature, and ample provision for the educational interests of the state. His state policy and senatorial course were now so much approved that at the national convention of the republican party, held the same year, a majority of the Ohio delegation and many delegates from other states desired his nomination for the presidency; but his name was at his request withdrawn. In 1857 he was reëlected by the largest vote that had ever been

given for a governor in Ohio. In the republican national convention at Chicago, May, 1860, Mr. Chase was proposed as a candidate for the presidency, and on the first ballot received 49 votes out of 465. In 1861 he became secretary of the treasury in President Lincoln's cabinet, and retained the position till June 30, 1864, when he resigned. The financial policy which carried the nation through the civil war was mainly the work of Mr. Chase. Its essential features were the issue of United States notes, known as greenbacks, which bore no interest, but were made legal tender; borrowing money upon bonds maturing at various dates, and bearing different rates of interest payable in gold; and the so-called national banking system, under which each bank was required to deposit in the treasury $100 in bonds for every $90 of notes issued by it, and which, superseding state banking systems, secured at once stability to the currency and to the national credit. A large amount of the bonds first issued bore 7.3 per cent, interest (2 cts. a day on each $100), but the great majority were at 6 per cent. None were sold at less than par, and they generally commanded a premium. When Mr. Chase left the treasury department, the national debt amounted to $1,740,690,489, to which it was estimated $500,000,000 would be added in case the war continued another year. Mr. Taney, chief justice of the United States, having died in October, 1864, Mr. Chase was appointed his successor Dec. 6. In this capacity, in March, 1868, he presided at the trial of President Johnson, who had been impeached before the senate by the house of representatives. Mr. Chase had now become dissatisfied with the policy of the republican majority in congress. He was proposed in the democratic national convention held in New York in July, 1868, as a candidate of that party for the presidency. He was willing to accept the nomination upon certain conditions, and for a time it seemed probable that he would be very strongly supported; but in the actual ballots his highest vote was 4 out of 663. From that time he withdrew to a great extent from public affairs, his health having been much impaired by a paralytic stroke; but in the presidential canvass of 1872 he sided with the party opposed to the reëlection of Gen. Grant as president.


text:
Page:EB1911 - Volume 01.djvu/1002

 when “let go” does not hold so quickly as a stocked one, is more uncertain in its action over uneven ground, and is more liable to “come home” (drag). The stockless anchors principally in use in the British navy are Hall’s improved, Byer’s, and Wasteneys Smith’s. In Hall’s improved (fig. 5) the arms and crown of cast steel are in one piece, and the shank of forged steel passes up through an aperture in the crown to which it is secured by two cross bolts. Two trunnions or lugs are forged to the lower end of the shank. In Byer’s plan (fig. 6) the flukes and crown consist of a steel-casting secured to a forged shank by a through bolt of mild steel, the axis of which is parallel to the points of the flukes; one end of the bolt has a head, but the other is screwed and fitted with a phosphor bronze nut to allow the bolt to be withdrawn for examination. A palm is cast on each side of the crown to trip the flukes when the anchor is on the ground, and for bringing them snug against the ship’s side when weighing. Wasteneys Smith’s anchor (fig. 7) is composed of three main parts, the shank and crown which form one forging, and the two flukes or arms which are separate castings. A bolt passes through the crown of the anchor, connecting the flukes to it; to prevent the flukes working off the connecting through bolt, two smaller bolts pass through the flukes at right angles to the through bolt and are recessed half their diameter into it.

Fig. 8 represents the starboard bow of H.M.S. “New Zealand” (16,350 tons) with lower and sheet (spare) anchors stowed. To let go a stockless anchor (fig. 9) the cable or capstan holder C is unscrewed, and in practice it is found desirable to knock off the bottle screw-slip A, allowing the weight of the anchor to be taken by the inner slip A′ (Blake’s stopper). Stern, stream and kedge anchors are usually stowed with special davits. A portable anchor suitable for small yachts is the invention of Mr Louis Moore; the shank passes through the crown of the anchor like the handle of a pickaxe and the stock over the head of the shank. At the end of the stock are loose pawls. There are no keys or bolts, and the only fastening is for the cable. The anchor takes to pieces readily and stows snugly. In 1890 Colonel Bucknill also invented a portable anchor for small yachts.

Iron buoy-sinkers (fig. 10), as used by the London Trinity House Corporation, weigh from 8 to 40 cwt.; the specified weight is cast on them in large raised figures, and the cast and wrought irons used are of special quality, of which samples are previously submitted to the engineer-in-chief.

The anchors supplied to ships of the British navy are required to withstand a certain tensile strain, expressed in tons, proportionate to their weights in cwts. New anchors are supplied by contractors, but repairs are made in H.M. dockyards, a record of its repairs being stamped on each anchor.

In the Anchors and Cables Act 1899 a list is given of authorized testing-establishments, with their distinctive marks and charges, and testing-houses for foreign-owned vessels are enumerated in Table 22 of Lloyd’s Register of British and Foreign Shipping. Cast-steel anchors, in addition to the statutory tests, are subjected to percussive, hammering and bending tests, and are stamped “annealed steel.”

ANCHOVY (Engraulis encrasicholus), a fish of the herring family, easily distinguished by its deeply-cleft mouth, the angle of the gape being behind the eyes. The pointed snout extends beyond the lower jaw. The fish resembles a sprat in having a forked tail and a single dorsal fin, but the body is round and slender. The maximum length is 8 in. Anchovies are abundant in the Mediterranean, and are regularly caught on the coasts of Sicily, Italy, France and Spain. The range of the species also extends along the Atlantic coast of Europe to the south of Norway. In winter it is common off Devon and Cornwall, but has not hitherto been caught in such numbers as to be of commercial importance. Off the coast of Holland in summer it is more plentiful, entering the Zuider Zee in such numbers as to give rise to a regular and valuable fishery. It is also taken in the estuary of the Scheldt. There is reason to believe that the anchovies found at the western end of the English Channel in November and December are those which annually migrate from the Zuider Zee and Scheldt in autumn, returning thither in the following spring; they must be held to form an isolated stock, for none come up from the south in summer to occupy the English Channel, though the species is resident on the coast of Portugal. The explanation appears to be that the shallow and landlocked waters, of the Zuider Zee, as well as the sea on the Dutch coast, become raised to a higher temperature in summer than any part of the sea about the British coasts, and that therefore anchovies are able to spawn and maintain their numbers in these waters. Their reproduction and development were first described by a Dutch naturalist from observations made on the shores of the Zuider Zee. Spawning takes place in June and July, and the eggs, like those of the majority of marine fishes, are buoyant and transparent, but they are peculiar in having an elongated, sausage-like shape, instead of being globular. They resemble those of the sprat and pilchard in having a segmented yolk and there is no oil globule. The larva is hatched two or

title: Page:EB1911 - Volume 01.djvu/1002


text: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Anchor

title: 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Anchor


text:
Author:Ivan Cankar

Works

 * The Serfs (1910)
 * A Cup of Coffee (1914), published in My Life (Moje življenje) in 1920.

title: Author:Ivan Cankar


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Legal Tender

LEGAL TENDER, in its widest sense, an offer to perform a contract according to specified conditions. It also designates the coin and paper money which a creditor may be compelled to accept in payment of debts. Generally speaking, all kinds of United States money are legal tenders in ordinary transactions, either with or without limit as to amount. Specifically, gold coins are a legal tender for any amount; gold and silver certificates are not legal tenders; silver dollars, United States notes and the few United States treasury notes of 1890 still outstanding are unlimited tenders unless otherwise contracted; subsidiary silver coin are legal tenders for all dues to the amount of $10, and minor coin for all dues to the amount of 25 cents. National bank notes are not really legal tenders, but in ordinary business they pass as such. They are receivable at par in payment of dues to the United States, except duties on imports and for payments by the United States, except interest on the public debt or redemption of the national currency. Certificates of deposit payable to order are issued to national banks for United States notes; they bear no interest, and are chiefly used in the settlement of clearing-house balances and in the reserves of the banks. State banks are governed by varying local laws, and their circulation is almost wholly within the several States. Consult Breckenridge, S. P., ‘Legal Tender’ (Chicago 1903); Hepburn, A. B., ‘History of Coinage and Currency in the United States’ (New York 1903); Hunt, A. R., ‘Treatise on the Law of Tender’ (Saint Paul, Minn., 1903); Laughlin, J. L., ‘Economic Effects of Legal Tender,’ in Yale Review (Vol. X, New Haven 1902); Smith, J. C., ‘Legal Tender: Essays’ (London 1910), and United States Revised Statutes, §§ 3584-3590, as amended.


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byrne, Charles


text:
The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Legal-Tender Cases

LEGAL-TENDER CASES, in American finance, a series of cases before the United States Supreme Court, involving the question whether certain acts of Congress declaring United States notes a legal tender in payment of all debts, public and private, were constitutional. The cases were first argued in December 1867 and decided in November 1869, by a divided court. Five members of the court decided in the affirmative and three dissented. In 1871 after a reorganization of the Supreme Court, the cases were again brought up for argument. Again the court divided, five judges upholding the constitutionally of the act and four dissenting. All the judges agreed that Congress had full power to direct issues of paper money. In 1878 Congress decreed that legal tender notes which had been redeemed or received in the Treasury from any source should be reissued and kept in circulation. This latter act was assailed in the courts and the Supreme Court decided, with but one dissenting voice, that Congress had full power to make United States notes a legal tender in the payment of private debts in times of peace as well as in times of war. This decision closed all judicial action upon the subject. Consult Thayer, ‘Legal Tender’ in Harvard Law Review (1887); Legal Tender Cases (110 U. S. 421, 1884); Bancroft, George, ‘A Plea for the Constitution’ (New York 1886); Miller, ‘Lectures on the Constitution of the United States’ (ib. 1891).


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byrne, Letitia


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byrne, Miles


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byrne, Oscar


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byrne, William


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byrnstan


text: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Byrom, John


text:
Page:A Life of Matthew Fontaine Maury.pdf/36

22 water, wrote to their brother to complain of the dishonesty of Johns, "who must," said they, "have stolen and sold the attar." Their brother immediately agreed with their conclusion, and, after telling the story to the whole mess, demanded that Johns should be treated as a thief and "sent to coventry," being no fit associate for young gentlemen. In vain did the poor young man tell his story; no one believed him but Maury, who did not think the evidence sufficient to convict, and who therefore refused to treat him with scorn and contempt, as all the rest did, stood by him, and, as he himself often said, was his only comfort in that long cruise. Johns died of a broken heart, and was buried at Callao, protesting his innocence to the last, which was fully established in the minds of all by the remorse of A, when he heard the result of his cruel practical joke.

In the 'Falmouth' Maury had a cabin to himself, and in addition to his own small store of books he had the use of a fine collection belonging to a richer messmate (William Irving brother to the famous author, Washington Irving, who wrote The 'Sketch Book'). But he was never a great reader. He was often heard to say that it was not until he had been put repeatedly to the blush because of his ignorance of the standard literature of the day, and had wondered at the evident delight afforded to some of his companions on reading or quoting a beautiful or striking passage, that he resolutely set himself to work to read the English classics, and to try to enjoy what gave so much pleasure to the most cultivated of his associates. His was eminently an original mind, and he delighted to spend hours in meditation, working out his own great ideas. But he had the Bible and Shakespeare at his fingers' ends, and his many writings abound in quotations from both.

It was during this voyage on the 'Falmouth' to Rio de Janeiro, on his way to the Pacific, that he conceived the idea of his celebrated Wind and Current Charts, which have


text:
Page:Dictionary of spoken Russian (1945).djvu/522

 вальс. Of all the dances, I like the waltz best. — Сегодня в клубе танцы. There's a dance at our club today.

танк tank. Наши танки оказались лучше танков противника. Our tanks proved to be better than the enemy's.

танца See танец.

танцовать to dance. Она хорошо танцует. She dances well. □ Вы танцуете вальс? Do you waltz? • *Он всегда танцует от печки. Не always has to start off from the very beginning.

тапочка (-чек P) moccasin. В тапочках очень удобно. It's very comfortable in moccasins.

таракан cockroach.

тарелка plate. Дайте мне тарелку супу. Give me a plate of soup. — Мелкие тарелки стоят на нижней полке, а глубокие на верхней. The service plates are on the lower shelf and the soup plates are on the top one. □ *Я сегодня что-то не в своей тарелке. I'm kind of out of sorts today.

тариф rate. У нас установлен новый почтовый тариф. We have new postal rates. □ таможенный тариф tariff.

таскать (iter of тащить) to carry. Нам приходится таскать воду вёдрами из колодца. We have to carry water from the well in buckets. • to swipe. Кто это постоянно таскает у меня газету? Who's always swiping my newspaper? • to pull. Она меня, бывало, за уши таскала. In the old days she used to pull my ears.

TACC (Телеграфное Агентство Советского Союза) the Soviet news agency, "Tass." Вы читали последние телеграммы ТАСС? Have you read the latest "Tass" reports?

тачка wheelbarrow. Сложите сухие листья в тачку. Put the dry leaves into a wheelbarrow.

тащить (тащу, тащит/iter: таскать/) to drag. Зачем вы сами тащите такую тяжесть? Why do you drag such a heavy thing yourself? — Неужели одна лошадь сможет тащить такой тяжёлый груз? How can one horse drag such a heavy load by himself? — Куда вы меня тащите? Where are you dragging me to?

таять (таю, тает) to melt. Снег уже начал таять. The snow is melting already. — Какой пирожок — во рту тает! What a pirozhok! It just melts in your mouth. □ Сегодня тает. The thaw is setting in today. • Она тает на глазах. She's falling away to nothing before your very eyes. • Деньги у меня тут так и тают. My money disappears fast around here.

твёрдый (sh -рда/-о, -ы/; cp твёрже; adv твёрдо) hard. Эта подушка твёрдая как камень. This pillow is as hard as a rock. • firm. У неё на этот счёт очень твёрдые принципы. She has very firm principles on this matter. • strong. У него твёрдый характер. He has a strong character. — Он не совсем твёрд в истории. He's not so strong in history. • fixed. Наши колхозники получают товары по твёрдым ценам. Our kolkhozniks get goods at a fixed price. □ твёрдо firm. Он твёрдо стоял на своём. He was firm in his decision. • steady. Он и после десятой рюмки твёрдо стоит на ногах. He can have ten shots of liquor and still remain steady on his feet. • well. Запомните это твёрдо. Remember this well. □ *Он был в здравом уме и твёрдой памяти. He knew what he was doing.

твёрже See твёрдый.

твой (§15) yours. Это мой билет, а это твой. Here's my ticket and here's yours. — Твоего мне не нужно, я хочу только своё получить! I don't want anything of yours; I only want what belongs to me. • your. Где твоё пальто? Where is your coat? □ по-твоему your way. Хорошо, пусть будет по-твоему. All right, have it your way. твой your family. Как все твой поживают? How's your family?

творить (/pct: со-/) to create.

-ся to take place. (no pct) У нас творятся большие дела. Big things are taking place in our country. □ (no pct) Там такое сейчас творится, просто ужас! There are such goings-on there, it's just terrible!

творог (-а/g -у/) pot cheese, cottage cheese.

творческий creative. Рабочие нашего завода проявили большую творческую инициативу. The workers in our factory showed great creative initiative.

те (/np of тот/).

театр theater. Он идёт сегодня в театр. He's going to the theater today. — Bсe театры здесь переполнены. The theaters here are all overcrowded. — Что идёт сегодня в Большом театре? What's playing at the Bolshoy Theater today? — Вы уже были в Художественном театре? Have you been to the (Moscow) Art Theater yet? □ театр военных действий theater of operations.

тебе (/d and l of ты/).

тебя (/ga of ты/).

тёзка namesake. Вы мой тёзка; — я — Ваня, вы Джони. You're my namesake; I'm Vanya; you're Johnny.

текст text. Я вам завтра принесу текст его речи. I'll bring you the full text of his speech tomorrow. — Эту цитату вы найдёте не в тексте, а в примечании. You'll find this quotation in the footnotes, not the text.

текстильный. □ текстильная промышленность textile industry.

текстильщик textile worker.

теку See течь.

телега horse-drawn cart. Мы ехали в телеге. We traveled in a horse-drawn cart.

телеграмма telegram, wire, cable. Я жду телеграммы из Америки. I expect a cable from America. • dispatch. Читали последние телеграммы? Have you read the latest dispatches? □ радио-телеграмма radio-telegram, wireless message. срочная телеграмма urgent wire. Пошлите ему срочную телеграмму. Send him an urgent wire. телеграмма-молния urgent wire. телеграмма с оплаченным ответом telegram with prepaid reply. Я послал ей телеграмму с оплаченным ответом. I sent her a telegram with a prepaid reply.

телеграф telegraph office. Телеграф и почта у нас в одном здании. The telegraph office and post office are in the same building in our country.

телеграфировать (both dur and pct) to wire. Телеграфируйте ему в Москву. Wire him in Moscow. • to cable. Мне нужно телеграфировать сестре в Америку. I have to cable my sister in America.

тележка wagon. Носильщик повезёт ваши вещи на тележке. The porter will take your things in a wagon.

телёнок (-нка, P телята, телят, телятам) calf (animal).

телефон phone. Есть у вас телефон? Do you have а phone?


text:
Page:A Life of Matthew Fontaine Maury.pdf/37

Rh since accomplished so much for the commerce of the world. This was the first occasion in which he accepted the responsibility of sailing master, and he was naturally anxious to make a quick voyage.

Before leaving New York he had searched in every direction for reliable information as to the winds and currents to be encountered, and the best path for his vessel to follow. He soon found that little was known on the subject. Here was a deplorable want which the man of genius resolved he would one day supply. It was on this voyage also that he observed and began to study the curious phenomenon of the "low barometer" off Cape Horn, and it upon this subject that he wrote his first scientific paper for publication, which appeared in the American 'Journal of Science' But the labors of his pen did not end here, for it was on this cruise also that he began to prepare for the press a work on navigation, the materials for which he had been gathering together in his mind for several years.

While the ship lay at Callao, he wrote the following affectionate letter to his brother Dick in Tennessee:— I owe you much for your kind letter of Oct. last, which came to hand last night. I am writing on my knee for want of a table, so do not grumble at the illegibility of the writing. Your letters are always very charming to me; they give me the best and fullest accounts of all that is going on, only you have never told me of your third increase of family, though it is so common for you and your wife to multiply I do not wonder that you should have forgotten it. Four years married, and three children already! Why, that is as many as I want altogether. . . Old Mr. Spotswood, the poorest man I know, has some fifteen or twenty children. He says he values each one at £7,000 pounds, and his wife at £12,000! I hope you will realize at that rate off each one of yours. I am getting frightened, seeing you doing these things at