text:
User talk:Hazarasp

Welcome
--Vahag (talk) 05:25, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

Thank you for ME additions
I adore your additions to Middle English entries, a topic that is sadly often overlooked. You seem to be so knowledgeable on this and I greatly appreciate it. If you don't mind me asking, how do you know all this? Do you use specific sources or books or just your memory or something?--Sigehelmus (talk) 15:40, 21 March 2018 (UTC)

 * I mainly use the Middle English Dictionary and An Elementary Middle English Grammar, along with Wikipedia's Middle English coverage, though I sometimes depart from their choices (for example, I use the most frequently attested form of a word rather than using the MED's normalised orthography). Hazarasp (talk) 00:55, 22 March 2018 (UTC)

Alternative forms
Should probably not be chained together (alternative forms should not have their own alternative forms). DTLHS (talk) 03:33, 3 April 2018 (UTC)

thanks
hi thanks for creating entries in wiktionary

schulder
When you make a Middle English entry into an alt form, be sure to get rid of the etymology and descendants sections in favour of centralising them as well. (This is one of the entries that's my fault, so I saw it pop up on my watchlist.) —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 02:50, 29 June 2018 (UTC)

Yok
Why did you revert my edit on yok? It is an adjective! I have two dictionaries that state that it is. I speak Turkish. The Turkish Wiktionary page states that is. What is going on? 83.226.234.175 08:24, 30 August 2018 (UTC)
 * Wiktionary sometimes has different policies for determining the part of speech of a word compared to other dictionaries; you being a native speaker of Turkish doesn't change that fact. I don't know what Wiktionary's exact convention is here, but you should probably look at our entry on determiner. --Hazarasp (talk) 08:30, 30 August 2018 (UTC)

aquerne and acquerne
What's up with these being lemmatised at separate spellings? Are they not two senses of the same word? —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 23:37, 2 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I wasn't the one who originally made those entries; I don't mind if you decide to merge them if you think that's appropriate. --Hazarasp (talk) 00:27, 3 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I know it wasn't you; I'm asking because you edited it and I want your judgement on what to do with them. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 02:34, 3 October 2018 (UTC)
 * They probably should be moved IMHO, but I intentionally left that decision for others to make. -Hazarasp (talk) 04:23, 3 October 2018 (UTC)
 * Then I guess I'll do that. Do you think is the better lemma? And then there's the matter of ... —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 05:06, 3 October 2018 (UTC)
 * I don't really know which would be better, but what do you mean when you talk about ? --06:19, 3 October 2018 (UTC)
 * It's a more common synonym, which raises the question of whether a[c]querne deserves its own def at all, or just a if it's restricted to a certain area or time period. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 15:42, 3 October 2018 (UTC)

A small request concerning Japheth
Hello, I believe we talked before and I still admire your edits with Middle English very much. I've been putting all my effort into the Japheth entry, and I would humbly request if you could help a bit with its parent,. I only know of it appearing in the Wycliffe Bible, so if you could cast your magic as you typically do with Middle English entries that would be wonderful, if not I understand. Thank you for reading!--Sigehelmus (talk) 04:39, 9 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I'll do it in a minute; but I have one suggestion; I don't think can come from Old English due to the initial ;  couldn't occur initially in Old English. I believe it would be either from  or directly from, . ---Hazarasp (talk) 05:28, 9 January 2019 (UTC)
 * I of course agree that Old English speakers would have called Japheth something like or, but said form would have been replaced with a new ME form with initial  (rather than ). --Hazarasp (talk) 05:32, 9 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you for the advice! I sadly can't seem to find a hard source for such an aspect and I appreciate your theory. I did put in my edit summary though that I would be very surprised indeed if the name Japheth in some form, and most of the OT names, did not exist in Christian Anglo-Saxon England, at least recorded in lost manuscripts. Therefore I didn't think that it would be replaced entirely by the French or Norman name, although that's possible. Oops your clarified edit addressed this haha, thank you, definitely put those in if you feel they belong.

 * Actually, doesn't that also mean John is not partly descended from OE Io(h)annes, was it wholly displaced? Or is that a different case? Interesting.--Sigehelmus (talk) 05:37, 9 January 2019 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much for your edits, this is even better than I wanted. I hope it wasn't a bother for you, this was just my current pet project and I desired it as complete as I could. I also learned something so that's a bonus too.--Sigehelmus (talk) 05:59, 9 January 2019 (UTC)

andswerian and andswerien
I wouldn't consider this a conflation because I haven't seen anything that suggests they're not just variants of the same word. In order for there to be a conflation, I would say that you need two ideas that aren't the same thing but get mixed together, like and. These two just seem like spelling variants to me. Also, I can't find any sources for the reconstruction. Are we sure that it's different than ? —Globins (yo) 02:16, 10 January 2019 (UTC)
 * One is a class 2 weak verb with a past participle in -od; the other is class 1  with a past participle in -ed; most Germanic languages have a class 1 form here, IIRC, and class 2 was considered the "regular" verb class in OE, so it makes sense that verbs would move into it. However, the discrepancy between root vowels (umlauted "andswerian" vs. un-umlauted "andswarian") suggests that the discrepancy must be old, as I don't think that umlaut was productive enough in OE at this stage to suggest that any verbs changing verbal class would be "un-umlauted", so  can't simply be a derivative of . --Hazarasp (talk) 03:28, 10 January 2019 (UTC)

FWOTD
Hey Hazarasp. I didn't know that you were interested in setting FWOTDs! The one you set wasn't quite ready (no quote), and I'd rather save it for a false friends focus week, but in general, I'd be very grateful to get some help. Are you looking to get involved? —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 19:27, 27 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Possibly; I'm in two minds about whether I should get involved in it; on one hand, it's another thing that I have to do, but on the other hand, I see that the situation with FWOTDs is very tight right now (in terms of having no backlog, etc.) --Hazarasp (talk · contributions) 02:02, 28 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Well, if you want an intermediate level of involvement, you could start by finding interesting entries, say in Middle English, that could be featured. The biggest issue, as you rightly noted, is lack of backlog to work from. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 19:28, 28 April 2019 (UTC)
 * You're a life saver. I'm really struggling in terms of keeping up with all my commitments at this point. I appreciate the help a lot. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 20:31, 18 July 2019 (UTC)

Your reversion of User:Silent Sam's deletion of the "Hyponyms" section in the entry for line
The removal of the "Hyponyms" section was justified. User:Sae1962 has a long history of adding pointless sections, and this was his work. Every one of the many terms in it was already listed in the "Derived Terms" section and there tends to be no reliable logic to his selections of terms for particular sections. You should undo your reversion. -- · (talk) 01:05, 18 June 2019 (UTC)

"wahtuh" etc.
Two people clearly think that stuff must be removed. Please engage in the discussion on the Tea Room at water. Equinox ◑ 03:29, 17 July 2019 (UTC)

Made hogshead wotd
Just letting you know I made the word of the day for 2019 October 13th; great nomination! Piparsveinn (talk) 18:36, 23 July 2019 (UTC)

FWOTD focus week
Hey, thanks a lot for setting the foreign words of the days. If you want some respite, the focus week for terms from English is imho ready for use. It includes nominated terms from some rarely featured languages. I have also set a six-day focus week with German-derived terms for late September and early October (with an interruption), but you probably noticed that. If you want to extend that to seven days, I'd recommend setting the Italian or Ido term for the 29th of September. I'll work on expanding the backlog for constructed languages by the way. They used to be featured once or twice a month, so the backlog is still quite small. ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  12:53, 7 August 2019 (UTC)
 * I will borrow this thread if you don't mind. I saw you nomed a bunch of Azerbaijani words yesterday, maybe you can notify my a few days prior to when you plan to set them, so that I can pimp them up. Ketiga123 (talk) 11:22, 11 August 2019 (UTC)

Talk:merdeka
Hi. It seems that Foreign Word of the Day/2019/August 31 was set by an unauthorized user. Would you be willing to consider this entry instead? KevinUp (talk) 08:12, 20 August 2019 (UTC)
 * Update: I've added citations to the entry for and set  as the FWOTD of August 31, 2020 instead. KevinUp (talk) 13:04, 21 August 2019 (UTC)

Community Insights Survey
Share your experience in this survey

Hi ,

The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey about your experience with and Wikimedia. The purpose of this survey is to learn how well the Foundation is supporting your work on wiki and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

Find more information about this project. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey.

Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 14:34, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

Reminder: Community Insights Survey
Share your experience in this survey

Hi ,

A couple of weeks ago, we invited you to take the Community Insights Survey. It is the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual survey of our global communities. We want to learn how well we support your work on wiki. We are 10% towards our goal for participation. If you have not already taken the survey, you can help us reach our goal! Your voice matters to us.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

Find more information about this project. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey.

Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 19:14, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Being an admin
Hello! Are you interested in being an administrater? -- Thedarkknightli (talk) 05:45, 25 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Not at the moment; Wiktionary isn't something that I'm really focusing on right now, and becoming a admin feels like too much of a commitment for something which isn't a focus of mine. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 09:03, 25 September 2019 (UTC)

Reminder: Community Insights Survey
Share your experience in this survey

Hi ,

There are only a few weeks left to take the Community Insights Survey! We are 30% towards our goal for participation. If you have not already taken the survey, you can help us reach our goal! With this poll, the Wikimedia Foundation gathers feedback on how well we support your work on wiki. It only takes 15-25 minutes to complete, and it has a direct impact on the support we provide.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

Find more information about this project. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey.

Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 17:04, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

eagre
The retention of this lexeme was most likely influenced by the Old Norse form, but not from it, due to the early English form "AGAR", possibly hardened to "ACKER" (obsolete form meaning a ripple on a puddle et cetera). All I know is on its discussion page. Andrew H. Gray 19:45, 22 November 2019 (UTC)Andrew (talk)

Middle English fellowred
Hello. We're missing an entry for 🇨🇬, which is in the OED. 2A02:2788:A6:935:70B4:B094:6C9C:8738 11:18, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
 * The entry's at felawrede, since the spelling fellowred isn't attested (For extinct words, the OED often goes with what they think the ModE spelling would look like, even if it isn't attested). Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 11:56, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
 * Oh, I see. Thanks! 2A02:2788:A6:935:70B4:B094:6C9C:8738 12:00, 25 October 2020 (UTC)
 * The reason why they do this is because the word undoubtedly existed into the early Modern English period, even if it wasn't penned down or printed. For instance, was used right up till around 1500, and on 01/01/1500 through the next 50-70 years perhaps, the word still existed in the minds of at least some English speakers and they would have known it despite the fact we don't technically see it attested anywhere in writing. This doesn't mean the word abruptly vanished on 01/01/1500, it absolutely survived beyond that for some time, either conversationally or in memory. Leasnam (talk) 10:11, 19 March 2021 (UTC)

leye þe sonne yn
I've been mucking around with the usage notes of and the usage guides/notes of both Merriam-Webster and the American Heritage Dictionary state that intransitive use of lay (as in the originally causative verb, not the past tense of lie) dates to the fourteenth century, so to Middle English. Would you mind to verify that and do you know if that usage was general or restricted to a few contexts? ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  15:10, 29 April 2021 (UTC)
 * The OED (first edition, so in the public domain, allowing reuse of their material) says the following about this usage:
 * The MED also records this use (sense 12); the examples given there allow this sense to be antedated to the 13th century (though it only becomes common in the 15th century). Interestingly enough, most examples there are present forms, no doubt because that is what corresponds to the past tense of lie. Many of the attestations also shade into or can be interpreted as referring to the etymological sense of lay ("set down, make/cause to lie"); this, along with the rarity of past forms, seems to indicate that the "lie" sense of lay was still embryonic in Middle English. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 17:20, 29 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank you, that has been added to the usage notes. ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  15:40, 30 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank you, that has been added to the usage notes. ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  15:40, 30 April 2021 (UTC)

plant etc.
@Hazarasp: I can somewhat sympathise with your decision to revert my edit, because the 'll' form would be expected if its origin were in Gaulish Proto-Celtic. It was just questionable in my mind that such a generic lexeme could have to be borrowed from Latin and as to how much Roman influence there was on Celtic dialects anyway. If you look at the ridiculous etymology of CLAN, you could partially forgive a layman for supposing that Latin was the parent language of at least one branch of Celtic! It was simply due to the proposed logical etymology of Latin PLANTA from Proto-Italic and the Celt-Italic descendant branch of P.I.E. that I adjusted the etymology of 'plant' at all, supposing it to derive from a Celt-Italic root via Silurian, perhaps; but this is impossible to prove. Of the 83 words beginning with 'pl' in the Collins Gem Welsh Dictionary, only 20% of them are genuine Celtic Welsh (excluding PLENTYN, PLANT and their derivatives). Although 'P' is not in the Ogham script, this is no proof that it did not exist in the Celtic alphabet, recognising the Q and P Celtic forms that were believed to have been separated before arrival in Britain. 'Llech', as you state, corresponds with Scots Gaelic 'Clach'; Old Cornish 'Pren' (branch, beam) with Scots Gaelic 'Crann' (tree), et cetera. Old Irish CLAND may be regarded as akin to Latin PLANTA, ie from its root; but certainly not a derivative! Incidentally, Cornish FLOGH (child) is akin to Swedish FLIKKA (little girl) - both substrates of pre-Brittonic origin. There are quite a few such substrates in the Scandinavian dialects and a good deal more than in English. It is all these European forms before Anglo-Saxon invasions in Britain that coupled with the core of Mezzo Indo-European that formed Proto-Germanic, and the latter is given undue substantive value as an easy etymological solution. Initially, I regarded Wiktionary as the most reliable source for etymologies; but within a couple of months realised that I was disillusioned, because too many sources fail to apply etymological logic! Kind Regards. Andrew (talk)
 * While it's impossible to be definitive about most etymologies, certain etymologies are likely enough to be practically assured. On the other hand, certain etymologies can be, and should be rejected. For instance, the consonantism of proves it to be a borrowing, as the nasal element was lost from native  (compare  to ). While it could've been borrowed directly from Latin, a borrowing from Old Welsh is more likely; contacts with speakers of Brythonic were more intense than those with Latin-speakers. In turn,  must be a borrowing from, because no plausible native  with the requisite semantics and phonetic shape is known. Additionally, the parallels with the Latin are too great to be coincidental. The claim that the lexeme is too generic to be borrowed doesn't survive further scrutiny; "generic lexemes" can and do get borrowed, if less often than lexemes for more specific concepts. Furthermore, there's a profusion of Latin loans in Welsh, so one more is hardly anomalous. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 09:14, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

Error in R:DSL
Hi, Hazarasp. Why yields o' aback o' in References, I know little about wiki templates and just mimics existing usage. Could you help me correct it?
 * It's a limitation of the template; you must use url in situations like this (where the entry is multiple words). Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 10:01, 3 October 2021 (UTC)

moor
@ Hazarasp: Regarding the etymology of moor, the change in semantics is parallel to that of Old Cornish 'HAL' (moor), that has gradually changed from the meaning of 'a body of water' to that of 'marsh' to 'moor'. This can happen with a few words; but in this case, the original meaning was that of 'sea', from the Proto-Brittonic MORI, mutated semantically to MOR (marsh) and than as (heath). The correct Proto-Germanic form is, as the origin of MERE (pool). Kind regards. Andrew H. Gray 12:49, 8 October 2021 (UTC) Andrew
 * I never said the semantic change was implausible; it would make little sense for me to say that given that the etymology I reverted to hinges on the same semantic change. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 02:12, 9 October 2021 (UTC)

beest, bist
states it is a subjunctive, yet (alternatives forms, ) states it is an indicative. J3133 (talk) 08:43, 23 November 2021 (UTC)
 * That is intended; in Middle English, / was a indicative, as is stated. Because the English indicative tends to supplant the subjunctive over time, it could of course sometimes be found in subjunctive contexts. From the 1500s on, there was a increason increasing tendency to prefer it where a subjunctive was demanded, making it practically a subjunctive. However, the indicative sense never entirely disappeared, so I'll have to add a indicative sense to . Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 10:35, 23 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I have added “beest” and “bist” as indicatives (also “bist” as a subjunctive) to the archaic conjugations., however, does not state whether it is/was an indicative or a subjunctive. also has “be” for the plural (also “been”, which I added earlier) and 1st-person singular present tense: where should those be added to the archaic conjugations (there is a note: “It [be] is also an archaic alternative form of the indicative, especially in the plural”, which does not mention which persons)? J3133 (talk) 11:24, 23 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Etymologically, would be the expected first-person singular form and the plural form. (I'm not making any personal distinction in the plural as there generally isn't one; even Old English lacks it.) Non-etymological uses of  aren't found outside of dialectal use, so they can safely be avoided. On a similar note,  should probably be removed from the table; it doesn't seem to've been part of the Early Modern English standard. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 23:13, 23 November 2021 (UTC)
 * I have removed and added  to the first-person singular and the plural (all persons). J3133 (talk) 08:06, 24 November 2021 (UTC)

Cedar
Why shouldn't the Old English word be included? Prahlad balaji (talk) 01:09, 30 November 2021 (UTC)
 * The Old English word would yield, with initial and final . Instead we see , with initial  and final schwa; these are the phonic properties we'd expect from a borrowing from Old French. The ~200-year gap in attestation between the OE and ME words also raises suspicion. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 01:13, 30 November 2021 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the advice. Prahlad balaji (talk) 01:15, 30 November 2021 (UTC)
 * The claim by the Online Etymology Dictionary is that the two words (the Old English word and the Old French word) "blended" in Middle English. Something like what happened with the word saint (demonstrated, for example, by forms like sainct, seinct, senct), in other words.
 * Yes, there may be no attested Middle English forms comparable to that for cedar such as, say, "*chedre," but that doesn't automatically rule out the possibility of their past existence. And given that the Online Etymology Dictionary, Lexico, and Dictionary.com found it reasonable to claim in the etymologies that they give that the Modern English word derives at least in part from the Old English word, and even the Century Dictionary found value in at the very least in noting the Old English word, do you not think that that warrants at least mentioning the possibility that the existing Old English word may have melded during the Middle English period with the word borrowed from Old French?
 * I certainly appreciate the concerns that you have with that possibility, but could you not briefly lay out those concerns in cedar's etymology section rather than removing references to the Old English word entirely? Tharthan (talk) 01:44, 13 February 2022 (UTC)
 * Now Etymonline claims that is a "blend", but the strange thing about this blend is that only one of its supposed ingredients is visible in the metaphorical mixing bowl. One can of course conveniently claim that the other ingredient was mixed in such a way as to conveniently become indiscernible (your hypothetical ), but when there's no sign it was ever there in the first place, the sensible thing to do is to apply  and posit that there was no blend at all; the only visible ingredient is in fact the only ingredient.
 * Now one can claim that the other ingredient was sitting in the mixing bowl some time ago, but it's perfectly possible that the mixing bowl emptied and cleaned, especially as the specific dish isn't made that often around these parts (a word for "cedar" would be infrequently needed in early medieval England, as cedars are not native to England). Alternatively, others can point to how other dishes look like they involved the mixture of ingredients , but what holds for one dish doesn't necessarily for another.
 * At this point I think the mixing-bowl metaphor exhausts its utility. Other dictionaries' support of the derivation of (at least in part) from  in no way effects my estimation of it. As I have pointed out to Leasnam, other dictionaries may surpass us in resources and funds, but they are ultimately using a methodology that we can apply just as well. If a dictionary says something that doesn't comport with the evidence, then the evidence should be prioritised; of course we may be forced to return to their bosom when we misestimate or lack the relevant evidence, but they can err just like us. Even if the panoply of the lexicographical world is arrayed against us, we may yet be right.
 * However, I do agree with you that the etymology is worth mentioning, even though it is almost certainly erroneous. This is as Wiktionary does not exist in a hermetically-sealed vacuum. When our users research the origin of, they will often seek a second opinion by employing other sources, some of which of course postulate a derivation involving Old English incompatible with ours. For the user wanting etymological certitude, this will likely pose a dilemma, as most users will lack the necessary discernment to make a decision after merely seeing the two conflicting etymologies. So it is our duty to provide them with the necessary information to break the deadlock; the most efficient and transparent way of doing this is by explicit discussion of the competing derivation (as in e.g. ).
 * This view does not conflict with my earlier actions. When I reverted your edit, I was not in the right headspace to judiciously consider the entry's ideal state; with my limited time resources, there were only two realistic options available to me. Either I could neglect it, meaning that it would be gave undue credence, or I could revert it at the cost of not mentioning it at all. I chose to remove the inaccuracy at the cost of incompleteness. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 04:51, 13 February 2022 (UTC)
 * This view does not conflict with my earlier actions. When I reverted your edit, I was not in the right headspace to judiciously consider the entry's ideal state; with my limited time resources, there were only two realistic options available to me. Either I could neglect it, meaning that it would be gave undue credence, or I could revert it at the cost of not mentioning it at all. I chose to remove the inaccuracy at the cost of incompleteness. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 04:51, 13 February 2022 (UTC)

Adminship
Hi, Hazarasp. Would you be interested in becoming an admin? If so, you'd be a great candidate and I'd be happy to nominate you :) —Svārtava  (t/u) • 05:55, 11 March 2022 (UTC)

 * As much as I would like to don the metaphorical administrative pallium, I cannot give your offer the careful and measured consideration it deserves at the moment, as I'm currently struggling with personal issues; you may have noticed that my edits aren't as frequent or involved as they once were. For clarity, I'll note that even if I was better disposed, I wouldn't necessarily accept; I usually conclude that I'm unworthy of the status whenever I reflect on the matter of potential adminship. I would recommend checking back in with me in six to eight months if you're still interested; by then, I'll hopefully have some indication of whether things will transpire favourably for me. If you feel inclined to inquire further about my situation, feel free to suggest a way to contact me privately, given that this is a intensely personal matter. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 09:49, 11 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I'd say that you're definitely worthy of the admin status and also I'll note that having the admin tools doesn't means that you're forced to use it. You can Special:EmailUser me privately, if you don't mind. —Svārtava  (t/u) • 10:11, 11 March 2022 (UTC)
 * You may well be right; much of my self-evaluation is distorted by the effects of my native pessimism and therefore shouldn't be evaluated uncritically. However, I believe there's little apparent purpose in being vested with the tools when I'm not in a position to utilise them; as I stated, you can make the offer later if this is a matter that continues to interest you. As for your suggestion, I'll contact you in the coming days or weeks if and when I feel well enough. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 01:14, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Category:Scottish Middle English
This still contains one entry. ·~  dictátor · mundꟾ  10:31, 6 April 2022 (UTC)

 * Ask Theknightwho about it; I moved all the contents of the category into Category:Early Scots so we didn't have two categories for the same linguistic variety, but they sloppily reverted some of my edits because they were unaware that Early Scots and Scottish Middle English refer to the same thing (see my discussion on their talkpage). Given my current situation (see my discussion with Svartava above), I don't have the energy to try to win them over, so I guess the current perversity where we have two categories for the one linguistic variety (Early Scots/Scottish ME), which is classed as a ME variety in some places (List of languages/special) and as a Scots variety in others (Category:Early Scots) will have to remain unless a third party does something to try to break the deadlock. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 13:51, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * @Hazarasp I have given you an extensive explanation on my own talk page. You don't have to engage, but implying that I'm "unaware" of something that I have explicitly said I disagree with is not the appropriate response. Theknightwho (talk) 13:55, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Also, you are wrong about List of languages/special, which lists the parent language as Middle English. There is no inconsistency. Theknightwho (talk) 14:00, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * I said you "were unaware" (at the time of your reverts), not that you "are unaware" (presently or at the time of your response to me). Though I believe my assumption that you "were unaware" was reasonable (though probably not indicative of my best judgement: given the breadth of knowledge you display in your edits, it would've been better to reserve judgement), I agree that it wasn't "the appropriate response" to make a inflammatorily-worded and mean-spirited reference to it as though it was a unqualified fact. For that I offer my sincerest apologies. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 14:23, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * As for being "wrong" about List of languages/special, you seem to be misunderstanding what is meant by "parent" there. To quote Module:etymology languages/data, it refers to the language which the given "etymology language [sic] is a subvariety of". Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 14:23, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your apology - I was just a little surprised, as you'd otherwise been lovely.
 * Thanks for the info re etymology languages, though the result of that is that Middle Scots is currently classed as a variety of Middle English in the etymology tree due to its parent being Early Scots, which is clearly false. Theknightwho (talk) 14:34, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * The treatment of =sco-smi there is a clear mistake; see Beer parlour/2019/November for some discussion. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 14:40, 8 April 2022 (UTC)
 * Thanks. In time Middle Scots should probably be given its own L2, but given the paucity of Scots contributions as it is, I doubt we'd see enough entries to make it worthwhile at the moment. Theknightwho (talk) 14:44, 8 April 2022 (UTC)

Middle English conjugation templates
Hello Hazarasp,

I saw that you are among the people who posted the enm-conj-xxx templates. I am Dutch and I wanted to post the conjugation of the enm verb smoren on nl.wikti (See) based on wat I found here. But I am a little confused. The table here seems to suggest that the 2nd pers plural ye should also be followed by smoren. Should that not be smoreth? No idea what is should be in the past tense.

Thanks
 * Jcwf 2603:6081:2243:4810:750D:3888:D1C:36A5 23:20, 29 May 2022 (UTC) (sorry, lost my password)

 * No, it should be smoren/smore; see our entry for . Some dialects do indeed have / for the plural, but I've excluded that from the table because it would make it too cluttered. This / is the etymological form (c.f. ), but in the dialects of Middle English ancestral to the modern standard language, this was levelled out based on the past plurals and subjunctive, which all had endings that collapsed to  because of vowel reduction in Late Old English. For instance, the past indicative plural of  would be  (often reduced to  (that also answers your other question; c.f. ). Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 04:10, 30 May 2022 (UTC)

Thank you for greek etys
Thank you for your etymologies for Modern Greek. The old template {etyl} has been changed to either inh or bor by chance, without any reference (most of the time). Normally, I never add etymologies (I do greek pronunciations), but sometimes I add an etymology.ref. Greek‑from‑Greek words are either inherited, or internal learned borrowings. The dictionary (also, not online, ) mark the words as follows: Unfortunately, the template puts the words, also under Category:Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek, which is not desired because bor would mean a direct speaker‑to‑speaker loanword. (cf. Grease.2022.06#structure of Borr.categories). So, i sometimes write Learnedly, from {der}. Thank you for your interesting ref at άνθρωπος (pity, i cannot read it). I have added some refs. About theta (θ) and ανθρ- and αθρ-: as i see at most dictionaries, they are both accepted as inherited parallel forms by most greek etymologists (unlike the cluster νδ anc./nd/ > modern [nd], hypercorrected learnedly as [nð], as you, very nicely, marked at Αλεξάνδρεια (cf άντρας, άνδρας). Thanks, have a nice summer ‑‑Sarri.greek ♫ I 12:04, 6 July 2022 (UTC)
 * < αρχ. = . This is inherited from grc. (or ελνστ = Hellenistic Koine)
 * λόγ. < αρχ. = . That is a learned borrowing from grc. The term (explained at the dictionary's intro), is diachronic learned borrowing and the Category has more than 20.000 words. ( in contrast, the synchronic borrowing is not learned; it is a borrowing from a dialect, a word that enters Standard. It is very rare. )

 * I didn't got a chance to read your comment until now, as I'm unfortunately able to devote very limited time to Wiktionary due to chronic illness. It's great to have you share your thoughts, and I mostly agree, but I do have one minor quibble. You say that use of and placement in borrowing categories indicates a "direct speaker-to-speaker loanword", but that's not how I would naturally interpret things; to me, placement in that category can refer to any kind of loanword (hence why Category:Greek learned borrowings from Ancient Greek is a subcategory of Category:Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek). When e.g. Category:Greek borrowed terms refers to terms that are "directly incorporated from another language.", I don't believe it's intended to refer to direct speaker-to-speaker transmission. Instead, I think it's meant to stop editors from putting terms in categories like Category:Greek terms borrowed from Ancient Greek if they were mediated through a third language rather than being directly taken from one language into the other (a example would be ). This is a mistake I've actually seen editors make when working on other languages because the names of borrowing categories are worded ambiguously. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 14:13, 8 July 2022 (UTC)

 * , sorry to hear of your health problems; please take care of yourself. Etymologies for modern greek are slightly differently described in our main sources (like ) I hope that in the future, there will be a restructuring, plus some el-specific templates.  ‑‑Sarri.greek ♫ I 05:16, 12 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Personally I can't think of any reason why the standard templates can't be used for Greek too; maybe some of the "Greek-specific templates" you speak of could actually be useful for other languages too.
 * (This reminds me of when I suggested that User:Martin123xyz should set up the code for Category:Macedonian terms containing fossilized case endings so similar categories could be created for other languages, which let me create Category:English terms containing fossilized case endings.) Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 05:39, 12 July 2022 (UTC)

Gallo-Italic words for 'cheese'
Hi Hazarasp. This is in reference to your recent edit.

Yes, the forms with /dʒ/ or similar are surely borrowed from Gallo-Romance, however, many of the ones that you have removed instead have /j/, as in Venetian. That is not a likely outcome of an original affricate in these languages. It appears to reflect a form inherited in some Gallo-Italic variety via a development like /forˈmadeɡo/ > */forˈmajɡo/ > */forˈmajk/ (ultimately with a loss of /-k/). For the latter two forms, compare Genoese salvaigo and Piemontese (Valsesian) salvaic < Latin (source: FEW; screenshot, page link).

It is far from trivial to determine which outcomes are 'regular' in which Gallo-Italic language and which are the result of mutual borrowing. Further comparison with the descendants of volaticus and erraticus reveals a rather confused picture. Nicodene (talk) 20:13, 29 August 2022 (UTC)

 * Sorry for not responding to you earlier; I've in absolutely dreadful health at the moment, so it's unfortunately not always easy for me to respond in a prompt fashion To address your point, I agree that any borrowing of OF as  would be very puzzling to say the least, but I couldn't think of any alternative when working on the entry. I don't have any objection to your proposal; though it is by no means perfect, I cannot think of a more compelling explanation for the facts. As for your comment about the expected phonological development of  being nontrivial to discern, I don't disagree, but that doesn't mean it's impossible. I am of the opinion that careful linguistic detective work can result in a surprisingly accurate, but necessarily always tentative) picture of the development of things.  Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 08:34, 2 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Hope you get better.
 * As for which Gallo-Romance variety was the source, I'm inclined to think Piemontese based on the phonological shape, but a single pair of examples (Piemontese servai~sarvai < salvaticus) may not be much to base this theory on. From a historical perspective, I agree that Genoese/Ligurian would be a likelier source of borrowings in general, but I'm not sure it's the case here. Nicodene (talk) 09:33, 2 September 2022 (UTC)

Non-lemma etymologies
I see you've added etymologies to some verb and noun forms semi-recently (e.g. appultreen); according to WT:ETY, we shouldn't be adding etymologies (and therefore categorizing entries) to regularly formed words. I'm not familiar with Middle English, but it seems to me that appultreen doesn't need an etymology any more than modern apple trees. Keep in mind we depopulated Category:English terms suffixed with -s years ago. Ultimateria (talk) 20:01, 7 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Hey, I saw post about WT:ETY where I think your are referencing Etymology. I was wondering how you would view Taibei's etymology, since Taipei is the lemma, as I understand it. Perhaps my understanding of what Wiktionary means by the lemma form is not strong enough, but doesn't the etymology at Taibei break the WT:ETY rule? Why doesn't it break that rule? Is Taipei a lemma, per Lemmas, or is it something else? Note that I strongly support including the etymology at Taibei, but a glance at the wording of Wiktionary:Etymology#Lemma leads me to believe that the etymology there is not technically allowed under Wiktionary policy. I think I must misunderstand something. Thanks for any guidance. --Geographyinitiative (talk) 21:19, 7 September 2022 (UTC)
 * The section I've been referring to is WT:ETY, not Lemma. (Keep in mind that page is a think tank and needs work; that's why it was nominated for deletion recently.) There are some situations where alternative forms are treated like non-lemmas (e.g. avoiding duplicate etymologies and categories on these pages), but generally they are considered lemmas. The etymology at Taibei gives information about that specific form, and should be kept for that reason. It's very different from an etymology at e.g. fathered showing father + -ed. Ultimateria (talk) 21:38, 7 September 2022 (UTC)
 * while I do agree that generally speaking, nonlemma forms shouldn't receive etymologies, I believe that principle shouldn't be absolute; in some cases, such as highly irregular verb forms, the addition of etymological information may be worthwhile (adding that information to the lemma page would clog up the etymology section too much; besides, a majority would probably think to look for the specific form first). I wouldn't now classify ME plurals in -en as highly irregular, but when I created the category, I thought such a classification might be justified as I was unsure about how many there were; t was only partway though populating the category I realised the sheer profusion of them. I kept adding them regardless as my plan was to eventually remove them and place the corresponding singular forms in something like Category:Middle English weak nouns when I get round to creating ME noun-inflection templates, but the deterioration in my health and cognitive ability over the last year or so has prevented me from carrying it out. If someone could create and populate that category for me, that would be great; given my current state, doing the work myself would be highly inadvisable. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 10:11, 8 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I've just realised that it may be better to recategorise the relevant plural forms in Category:Middle English nouns with weak plurals, corresponding to the way English irregular plurals are treated, rather than moving the locus of categorisation to the singular form. Middle English reflects a transition from the model older Germanic languages, where each noun has its own paradigm which determines all inflectional forms to a modern English-like model where plurals are the only forms that can differ between nouns, so it's hard to know whether to categorise things like Old English (where lemmas are categorised into Category:Old English a-stem nouns, Category:Old English nd-stem nouns, etc.) or Modern English (where the plurals are what gets categorised; e.g. Category:English irregular plurals ending in "-en" or Category:English irregular plurals ending in "-ges"). A third option would be to apply both kinds of categorisation, but this would introduce a major redundancy (seeing as there's over 2,000 entries in Category:Middle English noun plural forms). Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 10:52, 8 September 2022 (UTC)

Hope you feel better soon!
— Sgconlaw (talk) 12:07, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

Seconding this. Theknightwho (talk) 12:16, 16 September 2022 (UTC)

Etymology of Old English “heahfore”
Hello Hazarasp,

I have read Liberman’s etymology on the word and would like to ask you about the source of the last sentence: “However, this etymology fails to explain…”

According to him, the word most likely had a short diphthong. Does Middle English actually require a long diphtong in Old English? had and  (see entry).

Concerning the existence of the suffix -fore, Liberman provides fieldfare < Old English felofor and elver < *ǣlfore and assigns the meaning “dweller/occupant (of)”, originally “belonging to or pertaining to,” rather than “traveler, goer; carrier.”

I would be glad if you share your thoughts with me on this.

--Latisc (talk) 10:19, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

 * The entry explains the origins of forms with as follows:
 * "Forms with continue Late, which develops from a syncopated with simplification of the resulting consonant cluster"
 * This explanation would of course fail if the original form was with a short diphthong (otherwise you'd get Middle English ; this is of course attested, but the forms with  then go unexplained), and I don't see how the forms with  could otherwise be derived (open-syllable lengthening  would probably not be possible in any EME form). I also cannot agree Liberman's approach of reconstructing an suffix  without any etymology or much justification for a disparate grab-bag of items, especially when they can mostly be otherwise etymologised:
 * is of course a "high-goer", as opposed to a that travels. The construction is definitely somewhat unusual, but it's better than "pen-dweller"; calves also inhabit pens.
 * is plainly Middle English ; note that the oldest attestation (in the for 1533) refers to a group of elvers. There is no need for the compound to go back to OE; v- for f- can be a Southernism like, . This makes much more sence than Liberman's suggested "eel-inhabitant".
 * cannot be etymologised at present, but Liberman is wrong to equate it to ; the dialectal forms he mentions could've easily came from simplification of ; notice that all forms with a intervening vowel in the EDD have, not.
 * Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 12:34, 17 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Hello,
 * thanks for your quick reply. I don’t know much about the phonological developments in Old and Middle English, but could compensatory lengthening explain the if Middle English  developed from *hĕahfru with the loss of ? In that case,  would occur if it descended from an already syncopated *hĕafru. Middle English has  (diphthongisation of ?), where the diphthong corresponds to a long vowel sound. The different vowels might be due to dialectal variation. Does this make sense or is this phonologically implausible?
 * Also, how do you explain the underlying meaning “high-goer” and what does that have to do with young cows? Did it use to be a generic term for hill-climbing animals which later acquired the meaning “young cow” through semantic narrowing?
 * --Latisc (talk) 14:00, 17 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I have thought of another idea: If we assume that Liberman’s etymology is correct, maybe Old English hēah influenced the original form *hĕahfore and produced an alternative form *hēahfore. Thus, both  and  could be explained. --Latisc (talk) 15:00, 17 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I'm not very taken with the possibility of "assuming that Liberman's etymology is correct"; as I pointed out, his supposed suffix is a bit of unetymologised duct-tape to lump several disparate terms together. Furthermore, the first element "hedge" that he suggests should result in  >  (with voicing of the medial consonant occasioned by the open syllable; analogical restitution of the unvoiced consonant would not be possible as the compound is opaque). Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 03:46, 18 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I can't say that's plausible, as I'm not aware of any cases of the kind of compensatory lengthening that you're describing in ME; one would expect later loss of in  to result in a ME form with  (or maybe ), just like earlier loss. In fact, the lack of forms in  is further evidence against a original short vowel in "heifer", as OE ĕa ordinarily results in  in most ME dialects. ME also  cannot come from diphthongisation of  as that vowel doesn't randomly diphthongise like that; it must come from a form where  was retained long enough to trigger diphthongisation ("breaking").
 * I probably wasn't clear enough about what I believe to be semantics of ←  "high-goer"; "high" would probably mean "tall", (OE  is also "tall"), so a "tall-goer" (or maybe "tall-farer";  can already mean "to proceed, to act") would be a adult cow as opposed to a . Thus  would've originally been an (informal?) term for any adult cow, only later being specialised for one that hasn't calved (note that the OED states that it can refer to a cow that's only calved once in some dialects). On a tangent, it's possible that there was at one time a corresponding . Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 03:45, 18 September 2022 (UTC)
 * I see, thanks for your clarifications, that makes sense. So would a long diphthong in Old English *hēahfore explain as well? Do you think positing *hēahfore is perfectly reasonable in both phonological and semantic terms or do you still see any difficulties regarding this etymology?
 * The main reason Liberman dismissed the form with the long diphthong is because “*‘[h]ighstepper’ as the name of a young cow would be a kenning, which alone makes this etymology of heifer improbable.” Is this a valid assumption? --Latisc (talk) 09:05, 18 September 2022 (UTC)
 * Yes, could regularly develop from, though such a form could also be develop from . However, if the OE form was , I'd expect a collateral form , which would probably predominate in Late ME and result in modern  (like  < ); compare the outcomes of OE ĕah in the following words:
 * "eight" < ; ModE unexpectedly reflects the form with here.
 * "to laugh" <, Anglian form of ; OE æ and ea generally merge in late OE (whether short or long).
 * As for Liberman's argument about kennings, it's a response to a specific interpretation of as "stepping superbly", which is not the interpretation that I have adopted. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 01:27, 19 September 2022 (UTC)

Etymology for Swahili "kilema"
You added an etymology for Swahili. Do you by any chance have a reference for this? Thanks! MartinMichlmayr (talk) 12:28, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

 * ✅. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 12:43, 17 September 2022 (UTC)

hevanriki
Hi Hazarasp ! I saw your edit summary comment, and it appears cut off (I assume you meant that should be tying the OE and OSX terms back to a PWG reconstruct (?)). If so, that's a tricky one. It all depends on whether the PWGics had a term meaning "heavenly kingdom" outside of its Christian sense. OFS, OSX, and GOH had analogous terms (e.g. ) but I would need to research if this was a concept borrowed from Gothic, or if the term was an Anglo-Saxon translation of regnum caelorum and spread via AS missionaries. My gut instinct is that it's the latter. Leasnam (talk) 15:51, 9 October 2022 (UTC)

 * I'm well aware that other West Germanic languages have parallel formations, hence why I considered reconstructing the term to PWGmc. However, as the speakers of PWGmc were likely still mostly pagan, ultimately quite definitively rejected the idea of reconstructing ~, because of the lack of evidence for pre-Christian currency of the term (which is a fairly specific Christian phrase, unlike, say,, so that non-Christians would have no opportunity to use it). Additionally, the formal variation (fluctuation between ~ exactly parallel to that seen in the simplex; nominative singular / following Gmc. compound formation vs. genitive plural  as a more direct adaptation of ) points to a new, unsettled formation. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 01:38, 10 October 2022 (UTC)

weste (I'll keep undoing your edit)
I'm sure you have multiple more accesses to Middle English writings than do I, yet, based on MED, only one example of an infinitive as can be found, the one a1425 <> All other verbs shown as weste are the preterite. This is why weste should be included as an alternative form on the entry, but it is not noteworthy enough to be shown as a normal Middle English infinitive. At the time, were the language standardised, this would have been considered bad grammar, just like how people today say "I is" or "you was"...just because it's attestable doesn't make it correct. Leasnam (talk) 17:16, 23 October 2022 (UTC)

 * My comment referred to ME infinitives in general, not that of . However, I'll respond to your misinterpretation by noting that the MED only supplies one example of a infinitive with (in a passage of ) This means 50% of infinitival attestations lack, which hardly makes leaving the -less forms out of the relevant s as "not noteworthy" defensible. Furthermore, your claim that it would've constituted "bad grammar" is a ridiculously unwarranted logical leap; you could at least do me the decency of supplying evidence that this particular sociolinguistic variable. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 18:10, 23 October 2022 (UTC)
 * It is therefore from here that we look at ALL Infinitives together collectively, for ALL VERBS, and when you do so, you will observe that the majority have -n. Leasnam (talk) 03:33, 25 October 2022 (UTC)
 * I wouldn't think so, especially given the increase in text production in the Late ME period (when infinitival -n was recessive). I'll illustrate with a few examples from the MED (disagreeing mauscripts are counted seperately):
 * : 3x,  2x ( 0x)
 * : 6x,  3x
 * : 1x ( 0x)
 * : 4x,  1x,  1x,  1x,  1x,  1x (Orm, probably MS. )
 * : 2x,  1x ( 0x)
 * Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 03:57, 25 October 2022 (UTC)

OE calwere
Hello ! B&T has an entry for this, but are you able to check if it were actually attested, please ? Leasnam (talk) 03:06, 17 November 2022 (UTC)

 * It doesn't seem to be attested except as a alternate or inflected form of (you'd need to check the context of the relevant gloss). By the way, you do know that you'll get twenty free logins if you create a DOE account, right? Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 04:08, 17 November 2022 (UTC)
 * I did not know that, but I reckon I'll use those up pretty quickly. I should just pay the subscription cost. I'm thinking about doing it... but Thanks :) Leasnam (talk) 06:15, 19 November 2022 (UTC)
 * The given definition for seems to be unrelated to . Leasnam (talk) 06:19, 19 November 2022 (UTC)

Macedonian adverbial participles
Hello, Hazarasp! Can you please use your bot to make some changes in the entries with Category:Macedonian adverbial participles (308)? What I need is to replace the generic definition template code  with. Later I will manually edit the entries with Macedonian adverbial participles that end in -е́јќи and will replace the parameter "a" with "e". Thank you. Gorec (talk) 19:58, 28 December 2022 (UTC)

 * I'm not very well at the moment (see my main userpage); while I may be eventually able to get around to this, you might have more luck asking somebody else. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 02:12, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry, I just saw your user page. Get well soon; I wish you many health and happiness in the new year!
 * If I can't find someone, then I will edit all the entries manually, when I have the time. Thanks anyway. --Gorec (talk) 12:18, 29 December 2022 (UTC)

 * ✅ I upgraded the template with more parameters and I edited all the entries manually. Happy holidays! --Gorec (talk) 12:51, 31 December 2022 (UTC)

Galik Mongolian characters
Hiya - thanks for your outstanding etymological work at. Just in relation to Mongolian galik characters, my inclination is not to use them for the Mongolic languages themselves (outside of those which have come into general use). Instead, I think they’re more suited for direct transcriptions of Sanskrit or Classical Tibetan. With this term, the transcription is (likely to be) something like, whereas has been phonologically adapted (e.g. to avoid the word-initial consonant cluster, and by dropping the word-final short vowel). In any event, the galik “i” character is probably going to be deprecated as a glyph variant at some point anyway. Theknightwho (talk) 13:17, 21 January 2023 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the thoughts, though there's a good chance I won't be working with Mongolic material instead; I'm not well, and am therefore avoiding doing much on Wiktionary for the time being (see my user page). As a result, most of my efforts involve fixing mistakes or inaccuracies involving material that I know well (not Mongolic!). For instance, my edits at ब्राह्मण were prompted by the page's statement that was inherited from Sanskrit (a obvious falsehood); I then got a bit carried away. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 04:19, 22 January 2023 (UTC)
 * No worries - I just wanted to give you a heads up going forward. Theknightwho (talk) 18:50, 22 January 2023 (UTC)

Pronunciation of "eleven"
Hello, I was wondering whether you know how the modern pronunciation of "eleven" came to be. All the Middle English pronunciations that you added on elleven show that the stress is on the first syllable, so how did the stress shift over to the second syllable? 2601:640:8A80:98E0:701E:877E:B7CC:F25D 07:27, 18 February 2023 (UTC)

 * Due to illness I can't look into the matter further, but the reason for the stress shift doesn't appear to be known; the expected modern form would probably be something like or  (< ME / < ). or / if from the inflected form like, ,  (the regular outcome of the uninflected forms would be , , ). However, it seems that the stress-shift was completed by the ME period, so I'll change the page appropriately. Hazarasp (parlement · werkis) 07:37, 18 February 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hazarasp


text:
αλλαντοποιία

Noun

 * 1) pork meats preparation, pork butchery
 * 2) sausage making

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: αλλαντοποιία


text:
ちらつく

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to flicker
 * 2) * Windows 2000

title: ちらつく


text:
αλλαντοποιείο

Noun

 * 1) pork meat factory
 * 2) sausage factory

title: αλλαντοποιείο


text: αλλαντοποιΐα

title: αλλαντοποιΐα


text: αλλαντοποιΐας

title: αλλαντοποιΐας


text: αλλαντοποιίας

title: αλλαντοποιίας


text: αλλαντοποιείου

title: αλλαντοποιείου


text: αλλαντοποιείων

title: αλλαντοποιείων


text: αλλαντοποιεία

title: αλλαντοποιεία


text:
laululintu

Noun

 * 1) songbird

Etymology
From. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) songbird

title: laululintu


text:
レイテンシ

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) latency

title: レイテンシ


text:
レイテンシー

Noun

 * : latency

title: レイテンシー


text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Germanic/murnaną

Verb Conjugation Class
Deeply confused why this verb would be reconstructed in the ō-class rather than the ai-class of weak verbs. Gothic and OHG are both ai-class, OS, OE, ON are ambiguous, as they usually are for this class.

Mellsworthy (talk) 06:35, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
 * It's an anomalous strong verb anyway, Old English preserves the preterite *marn. Burgundaz (talk) 00:14, 3 May 2020 (UTC)


text: Intervenieren

title: Intervenieren


text:
атония

Noun

 * 1)  atony

Etymology
Ultimately borrowed from, from , from + , from.

Noun

 * 1)  atony

title: атония


text:
胃痙攣

Noun

 * 1)  stomach cramps; gastrospasm

Etymology
🇰🇲

Noun

 * 1) stomach cramps

title: 胃痙攣


text:
angeschickert

Etymology
Past participle of the less common verb, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  tipsy; tiddly; mildly drunk

title: angeschickert


text:
angewidert

Adjective

 * 1) disgusted

title: angewidert


text:
angewinkelt

Adjective

 * 1) bent

title: angewinkelt


text:
qwetsets

Verb

 * 1)  to leave, to depart
 * Tsut qwetséts .
 * He said that he left.
 * 1) to begin

title: qwetsets


text:
Template:welcomeip/documentation

Usage
Enter this on new anonymous IP's talk pages as ~, or if you want to use the current version that will remain independent of future changes to the template use it with the subst: parameter as  ~.

Additional uses

 * Use of this template can be used to assist patrolling anonymous edits. When viewing Special:Recentchanges with "hideliu" (hide logged in users) the anonymous IPs that appear will have either red or blue Talk page links.  When welcoming a new anon IP, do a cursory check on that user's "User contributions" link.  Lazy sysops can then skip contributions on RecentChanges that have blue talk links.  This technique will work better when we start actually deleting old user talk pages, which is mostly an uncommon practice, as of June 1st, 2006.

 * If one does not wish to include the paragraph about how we are not Wikipedia, use it this way:.

fr:Modèle:Merci IP

title: Template:welcomeip/documentation


text:
angloamerikanisch

Adjective

 * 1)  Anglo-American

title: angloamerikanisch


text:
anglofranzösisch

Adjective

 * 1)  Anglo-French

title: anglofranzösisch


text:
הצלחהדיק

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) successful

title: הצלחהדיק


text:
anglophon

Adjective

 * 1)  Anglophone

title: anglophon


text: 胃痉挛

title: 胃痉挛


text:
פֿאַרקנסן

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  get engaged to be married

title: פֿאַרקנסן


text:
gastrospasm

Noun

 * 1)  Spasmodic contraction of the gastric walls.

title: gastrospasm


text:
angreifbar

Adjective

 * 1) vulnerable
 * 2) assailable

title: angreifbar


text:
angriffslustig

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) aggressive
 * 2) belligerent

title: angriffslustig


text:
angsteinflößend

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) frightening, scary

title: angsteinflößend


text:
שטות

Noun

 * 1) nonsense, drivel, idiocy, bullcrap, poppycock

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) foolishness, nonsense

title: שטות


text:
anheimelnd

Adjective

 * 1) cozy, homely

title: anheimelnd


text:
שטותערײַ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) foolishness

title: שטותערײַ


text:
anhänglich

Adjective

 * 1) devoted
 * 2) clingy

title: anhänglich


text:
פֿאַרדעכטיק

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) secret, hidden, covert

title: פֿאַרדעכטיק


text:
מכּה

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) plague
 * 2)  terrible misfortune
 * 3) sore, wound

title: מכּה


text:
vierbeinig

Adjective

 * 1) four-legged

title: vierbeinig


text:
兩公婆

Noun

 * 1)  husband and wife; married couple

title: 兩公婆


text: 两公婆

title: 两公婆


text:
公婆

Noun

 * 1) parents-in-law (of a married woman); husband's parents
 * 2)  husband and wife; married couple
 * 3)  ancestor; predecessor
 * 4)  ; ancestral tablet tablet with the name of an ancestor inscribed on it
 * 1)  ; ancestral tablet tablet with the name of an ancestor inscribed on it

Synonyms

title: 公婆


text:
zweibeinig

Adjective

 * 1) bipedal, two-legged having two legs

title: zweibeinig


text:
dreibeinig

Adjective

 * 1) three-legged

title: dreibeinig


text:
インストーラー

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  installer

title: インストーラー


text:
einschreiten

Verb

 * 1) to intervene, to interfere, to step in

title: einschreiten


text: Schreiten

title: Schreiten


text: Einschreiten

title: Einschreiten


text:
嘈交

Verb

 * 1)  to argue; to quarrel (and shout at each other)

title: 嘈交


text:
濃煙

Noun

 * 1) thick smoke; billowing smoke

title: 濃煙


text: 浓烟

title: 浓烟


text:
住客

Noun

 * 1) lodger; tenant; occupant; resident

title: 住客


text:
四射

Verb

 * 1)  to radiate in all directions

title: 四射


text:
送院

Verb

 * 1) to send to hospital; to be sent to hospital

title: 送院


text:
度歲

Verb

 * 1)  to celebrate the Chinese New Year

title: 度歲


text: 度岁

title: 度岁


text:
Module:User:Erutuon/script utilities

local export = {}

local m_data = mw.loadData("Module:script utilities/data") --[=[ Other modules used: Module:scripts Module:languages Module:parameters Module:utilities Module:debug ]=]

function export.is_Latin_script(sc) return (sc:getCode:find("Latn")) or sc:getCode == "Latinx" end

-- Used by Template:lang function export.lang_t(frame) params = { [1] = {},		[2] = { allow_empty = true, default = "" }, ["sc"] = {}, ["face"] = {}, ["class"] = {}, }	local args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, params) local NAMESPACE = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText local lang = args[1] or (NAMESPACE == "Template" and "und") or error("Language code has not been specified. Please pass parameter 1 to the template.") lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(lang) or require("Module:languages").err(lang, 1) local text = args[2] local sc = args["sc"] sc = (sc and (require("Module:scripts").getByCode(sc) or error("The script code \"" .. sc .. "\" is not valid.")) or nil) local face = args["face"] return export.tag_text(text, lang, sc, face, class) end

-- Wrap text in the appropriate HTML tags with language and script class. function export.tag_text(text, lang, sc, face, class, id) if not sc then sc = lang:findBestScript(text) end require("Module:script utilities/tracking").track(text, lang, sc) -- Replace space characters with newlines in Mongolian-script text, which is written top-to-bottom. if sc and sc:getDirection == "down" then --	First, escape targets of wikilinks and HTML tags,				which should not have their spaces				replaced with line breaks. local escaped = {} local i = 1 for link_target in mw.ustring.gmatch(text, "%[%[([^|]+|)") do			escaped[i] = link_target text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, link_target, "$" .. i)			i = i + 1 end for HTML_tag in mw.ustring.gmatch(text, "<[^>]+>") do			escaped[i] = HTML_tag text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, HTML_tag, "$" .. i)			i = i + 1 end text = mw.ustring.gsub(			text,			" +",			" "		) -- Unescape whatever was escaped. text = mw.ustring.gsub(			text,			"$(%d)",			function(a)				a = tonumber(a)				return escaped[a]			end		) end

if sc:getCode == "Imag" then face = nil end

local function class_attr(classes) table.insert(classes, 1, sc:getCode) if class and class ~= '' then table.insert(classes, class) end return 'class="' .. table.concat(classes, ' ') .. '"' end local function tag_attr(...) local output = {} if id then table.insert(output, 'id="' .. require("Module:utilities").make_id(lang, id) .. '"') end table.insert(output, class_attr({...}) ) if lang then table.insert(output, 'lang="' .. lang:getCode .. '"') end return table.concat(output, " ") end if face == "hypothetical" then -- Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/script-utilities/face/hypothetical require("Module:debug").track("script-utilities/face/hypothetical") end local data = m_data.faces[face or "nil"] if sc:getDirection == "rtl" then text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "%p$", "%0") end local post = "" if face == "translation" and sc:getDirection == "rtl" then post = "" end -- Add a script wrapper if data then return ( data.prefix or "" ) .. '<' .. data.tag .. ' ' .. tag_attr(data.class) .. '>' .. text .. '' .. post else error('Invalid script face "' .. face .. '".') end end

function export.tag_translit(translit, lang, kind, attributes) if type(lang) == "table" then lang = lang.getCode and lang:getCode or error("Third argument to tag_translit should be a language code or language object.") end local data = m_data.translit[kind or "default"] local opening_tag = {} table.insert(opening_tag, data.tag) if lang == "ja" then table.insert(opening_tag, 'class="' .. (data.classes and data.classes .. " " or "") .. 'tr"') else table.insert(opening_tag, 'lang="' .. lang .. '-Latn"') table.insert(opening_tag, 'class="' .. (data.classes and data.classes .. " " or "") .. 'tr Latn"') end if data.dir then table.insert(opening_tag, 'dir="' .. data.dir .. '"') end table.insert(opening_tag, attributes) return "<" .. table.concat(opening_tag, " ") .. ">" .. translit .. "" end

-- Add a notice to request the native script of a word function export.request_script(lang, sc) local scripts = lang.getScripts and lang:getScripts or error('The language "' .. lang:getCode .. '" does not have the method getScripts. It may be unwritten.') -- By default, request for "native" script local cat_script = "native" local disp_script = "script" -- If the script was not specified, and the language has only one script, use that. if not sc and #scripts == 1 then sc = scripts[1] end -- Is the script known? if sc then -- If the script is Latin, return nothing. if export.is_Latin_script(sc) then return "" end if sc:getCode ~= scripts[1]:getCode then disp_script = sc:getCanonicalName end -- The category needs to be specific to script only if there is chance -- of ambiguity. This occurs when lang=und, or when the language has -- multiple scripts. if lang:getCode == "und" or scripts[2] then cat_script = sc:getCanonicalName end else -- The script is not known. -- Does the language have at least one non-Latin script in its list? local has_nonlatin = false for i, val in ipairs(scripts) do			if not export.is_Latin_script(val) then has_nonlatin = true break end end -- If there are non-Latin scripts, return nothing. if not has_nonlatin then return "" end end local category = "" if mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText ~= "Template" then category = "" end return " [" .. disp_script .. " needed] " .. category end

function export.template_rfscript(frame) local args = frame.args local lang = args[1] or error("The first parameter (language code) has not been given") local sc = args["sc"]; if sc == "" then sc = nil end lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(lang) or error("The language code \"" .. lang .. "\" is not valid.") sc = (sc and (require("Module:scripts").getByCode(sc) or error("The script code \"" .. sc .. "\" is not valid.")) or nil) local ret = export.request_script(lang, sc) if ret == "" then error("This language is written in the Latin alphabet. It does not need a native script.") else return ret end end

function export.checkScript(text, scriptCode, result) local scriptObject = require("Module:scripts").getByCode(scriptCode) if not scriptObject then error('The script code "' .. scriptCode .. '" is not recognized.') end local originalText = text -- Remove non-letter characters. text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[%A]", "") -- Remove all characters of the script in question. text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "[" .. scriptObject:getCharacters .. "]", "") if text ~= "" then if type(result) == "string" then error(result) else error('The text "' .. originalText .. '" contains the letters "' .. text .. '" that do not belong to the ' .. scriptObject:getCategoryName .. '.', 2) end end end

return export

title: Module:User:Erutuon/script utilities


text:
墟市

Noun

 * 1)  market; bazaar

title: 墟市


text:
Ripley County

Etymology
Both are named after.

title: Ripley County


text:
咀嘴

Verb

 * 1)  to kiss (on the lips)

title: 咀嘴


text:
人頭湧湧

Idiom

 * 1)  to have large crowds of people

title: 人頭湧湧


text: 人头涌涌

title: 人头涌涌


text:
外枠

Noun

 * 1) outer border; outside frame

title: 外枠


text:
秘製

Verb

 * 1) to prepare using a secret recipe

title: 秘製


text: 秘制

title: 秘制


text: User:Erutuon/lang/sandbox

title: User:Erutuon/lang/sandbox


text:
枠線

Noun

 * 1) borders (outer lines) of a box

title: 枠線


text:
コマ

Noun

 * 1)   a frame of a comic or film
 * 2)  coma, a cloud of dust around the nucleus of a comet
 * 3)   piece

title: コマ


text:
Amber Valley

Etymology
Named after the River.

title: Amber Valley


text:
虐政

Noun

 * 1) tyranny; tyrannical government; despotism

title: 虐政


text: Module:User:Erutuon/script utilities/documentation


text:
やさぐれ

Noun

 * 1)  runaway person
 * 2) apathy; not caring; languor

title: やさぐれ


text:
家出人

Noun

 * 1) runaway person

title: 家出人


text:
客串

Verb

 * 1)  to give a guest performance;  to appear on stage in an amateur capacity; to cameo
 * 2)  to substitute for (another person); to assume a role outside of one's usual duties

title: 客串


text:
家出

Noun

 * 1) running away from home

Verb

 * 1) to run away from home

title: 家出


text:
隔籬鄰舍

Noun

 * 1)  neighbour

Usage notes
usually refers to the immediate next-door neighbours, while is a more general term referring to everyone who lives in the same neighbourhood. Compare to the difference between and  in Hokkien and Teochew.

title: 隔籬鄰舍


text: 隔篱邻舍

title: 隔篱邻舍


text:
といえども

Etymology
.

Particle

 * 1) even though, although

title: といえども


text:
gedrochtig

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * , resembling a monster

title: gedrochtig


text:
ソリティア

Noun

 * 1) solitaire card game

title: ソリティア


text:
zeegedrocht

Etymology
Compound of.

title: zeegedrocht


text: zeegedrochten

title: zeegedrochten


text:
熟食

Noun

 * 1) cooked food; prepared food; deli food

title: 熟食


text: zeemonsters

title: zeemonsters


text:
山札

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  in certain kinds of card games, the set of cards from which each player draws during game play: the draw pile, the stock
 * 2)  during the, a card indicating that the holder is allowed access to certain mountainous areas in order to gather firewood
 * 1)  during the, a card indicating that the holder is allowed access to certain mountainous areas in order to gather firewood
 * 1)  during the, a card indicating that the holder is allowed access to certain mountainous areas in order to gather firewood
 * 1)  during the, a card indicating that the holder is allowed access to certain mountainous areas in order to gather firewood
 * 1)  during the, a card indicating that the holder is allowed access to certain mountainous areas in order to gather firewood
 * 1)  during the, a card indicating that the holder is allowed access to certain mountainous areas in order to gather firewood

title: 山札


text: zeemonstertje

title: zeemonstertje


text: zeemonstertjes

title: zeemonstertjes


text:
場札

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  the discard pile in various kinds of card games
 * 2)  cards on the board during a card game

title: 場札


text:
詩巫

Etymology
Borrowed from, via.

title: 詩巫


text: 诗巫

title: 诗巫


text:
anikonisch

Adjective

 * 1) aniconic

title: anikonisch


text:
zugreifen

Verb

 * 1) to grab, to seize, to snap
 * 2) to serve oneself, to help oneself
 * 3)  to access
 * 1)  to access

Synonyms

 * 1., , ,
 * 2. ,

title: zugreifen


text:
ikonisch

Adjective

 * 1) iconic

title: ikonisch


text:
店屋

Noun

 * 1) shophouse architectural building type common in Southeast Asia

title: 店屋


text: Zugreifen

title: Zugreifen


text:
animalisch

Adjective

 * 1)  animal, brute

title: animalisch


text:
新簇簇

Adjective

 * 1)  brand new; very new

title: 新簇簇


text:
anlasslos

Adjective

 * 1) without reason; motiveless, senseless

title: anlasslos


text:
年三十

Noun

 * 1)  Chinese New Year's Eve

title: 年三十


text:
簇新

Adjective

 * 1) brand new; completely new

title: 簇新


text:
唔捨得

Verb

 * 1)  to hate to part with; to be unwilling to let go of

title: 唔捨得


text: 唔舍得

title: 唔舍得


text:
anmaßend

Adjective

 * 1) presumptuous, pretentious, high-handed, arrogant, overbearing

title: anmaßend


text:
Ambergate

Etymology
From ; it was originally named Toadmoor, and renamed after a turnpike tollgate (Amber Gate) after the railway station with this name opened in 1840. The etymology of the Australian place name is unclear.

Proper noun

 * , at the confluence of the Amber and Derwent rivers.

title: Ambergate


text:
攜同

Verb

 * 1) to bring along (other people)

title: 攜同


text: 携同

title: 携同


text:
Template talk:fa-conj

Aorist form
The conjugation table claims to show aorist forms of verbs, but to my knowledge no such form exists in modern Persian. My grammar doesn't mention it, and I can't find any references on Google supporting it either. HannesP (talk) 09:50, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

 * I, too, cannot find any reference to aorist forms in my English-language grammars of contemporary Persian (though, none of these grammars look to be especially good...) The newest one that does is Lee's A Grammar of the Persian Language (1828). I wonder if there is anything else that needs closer examination, given this. I cannot as of yet fully read the script; I am in the beginning stages of considering learning, so, I will defer to really anyone, but I'd like an explanation. I will note that the pages on Wikipedia for Persian grammar and more specifically Middle Persian to me seem like they could do with some expansion, clarification, etc. On the face of it, I wonder too at the grammar section on Old Persian - the verb section is rather short, I suspect there is more that can and should be said in an encyclopedic entry. If I am to do it, though, it will be a while before I have the relevant knowledge. Iolo ap Rhys (talk) 15:08, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

English glosses
Would there be any opposition to adding English glosses to the table, ie. 1st for first person, etc.? Iolo ap Rhys (talk) 15:08, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

subjunctive for verbs starting with vowel
My suspicion is that the subjunctive prefix be- turns into biy- before a vowel. See the wiktionary page for âmadan (آمدن) which has biyâyam. The 'Persian verb conjugator' (https://www.jahanshiri.ir/pvc/en/) also gives biy- for verbs like âmuxtan and âwardan. Exarchus (talk) 15:36, 29 May 2023 (UTC)

title: Template talk:fa-conj


text:
annalistisch

Adjective

 * 1) annalistic

title: annalistisch


text: Category:German terms suffixed with -istisch


text:
走鬼

Verb

 * 1)  to abandon one's roadside stall and flee when hawker control teams are imminent

title: 走鬼


text:
傳神

Adjective

 * 1) vivid and lifelike; realistic

title: 傳神


text: 传神

title: 传神


text:
-istisch

Suffix

 * 1) -istic

Etymology
+

Suffix

 * 1) -istic

title: -istisch


text:
anomisch

Adjective

 * 1) anomic disoriented or alienated

title: anomisch


text:
bardissa

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) bramble thorny shrub
 * 2) hedge thicket of bushes

title: bardissa


text: bardisses

title: bardisses


text:
anorektisch

Adjective

 * 1) anorectic

title: anorektisch


text:
espieta

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) spy person who secretly watches
 * 2)  informant, snitch, tattler
 * 1)  informant, snitch, tattler

title: espieta


text: espietes

title: espietes


text:
得個……字

Phrase

 * 1)  only
 * 2) doing nothing but…
 * 3) only allowed to
 * 4) merely…; nothing else but
 * 1) merely…; nothing else but
 * 1) merely…; nothing else but

title: 得個……字


text: 得个……字

title: 得个……字


text:
anotherm

Adjective

 * 1) anothermal: having a decreasing temperature with increasing water depth

title: anotherm


text:
glavolomka

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a tough nut to crack, a stumper a difficult puzzle or problem

title: glavolomka


text:
главоломка

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) a tough nut to crack, a stumper a difficult puzzle or problem

title: главоломка


text:
fatän

Etymology
From.

title: fatän


text: fatäns

title: fatäns


text:
anregungsarm

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) unstimulating

title: anregungsarm


text:
らっぱのみ

Etymology
Literally "trumpet-drinking" due to resemblance to blowing on a trumpet.

Noun

 * 1) drinking directly from a bottle

title: らっぱのみ


text:
anregungsreich

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) stimulating

title: anregungsreich


text:
白んぼ

Noun

 * 1)  whitey Caucasian

title: 白んぼ


text:
黒んぼ

Noun

 * 1)  nigger

title: 黒んぼ


text:
Template talk:quote-newsgroup

Replacement of "" with " "
Hi,, is there some other markup we can use instead of ? That creates a shaded background which seems strange in a citation. Or perhaps we should just stop indicating the newsgroup name in a different font and remove the markup altogether? — SMUconlaw (talk) 10:24, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

"Usenet" in italics

 * Why is “Usenet” in italics? J3133 (talk) 06:08, 23 April 2023 (UTC)

 * Because the template uses the standard “Module:quote” backend as all the other quotation templates. This is something I have no technological capacity to change as I don’t know how to use Lua. Probably best to raise it as a general issue for discussion at the Beer Parlour before asking for any change. — Sgconlaw (talk) 11:28, 23 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Template talk:quote-newsgroup


text:
ドアスコープ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) peephole hole in a door through which to look

title: ドアスコープ


text:
länäd

Etymology
From.

title: länäd


text: länäds

title: länäds


text:
覗き穴

Noun

 * 1) peephole hole in a door through which to look

title: 覗き穴


text:
anspruchslos

Adjective

 * 1) modest, unassuming, unpretentious

title: anspruchslos


text:
Talk:Trumpish

Is it a language, too? I actually used it by accident and my wife wanted to know if it can or should be regarded as a real word. Web search did come up with more than 70,000 references already, though the Wikipedia entry surprised me. In the linguistic sense, I'm not sure if it should be reserved for nonsense or for random lies. The current entry suggests it's a stylistic thing, whereas I think it should be pejorative in most usage scenarios. Shanen (talk) 10:29, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Trumpish


text:
リフレッシュ

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) refreshment; a means of refreshing one's spirit; the act of refreshing oneself

Verb

 * 1) to refresh the spirits; to renew the energy; to revitalize
 * 2)  to refresh

title: リフレッシュ


text:
anstellig

Adjective

 * 1) clever
 * 2) handy

title: anstellig


text:
anstößig

Adjective

 * 1) offensive
 * 2) obnoxious, objectionable

title: anstößig


text: 大牌档

title: 大牌档


text: 大牌檔

title: 大牌檔


text: rénqì

title: rénqì


text:
မျက်လှည့်

Noun

 * 1) magic; sleight of hand; legerdemain

title: မျက်လှည့်


text:
ပဉ္စလက်

Etymology
🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) magic; sleight of hand

title: ပဉ္စလက်


text:
มายากล

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) magic: mysterious tricks performed as entertainment; the art of using those tricks.

title: มายากล


text:
มายา

Etymology
From or ; possibly via. Cognate with Modern 🇨🇬. Extended as 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  deception, deceit, fraud, fraudulence; fallacy, falsehood, unreality, untruth.
 * 2)  magic; witchcraft; sorcery.
 * 3)  illusion; delusion.
 * 4)  trick; trickery; wile; ruse; artifice.
 * 5)  dream; vision.

Proper noun

 * 1)  (มหา~, สิริมหา~), a queen of the , the biological mother of the.

title: มายา


text:
yufapük

Etymology
From.

title: yufapük


text: yufapüks

title: yufapüks


text:
接報

Verb

 * 1)  to receive a call or report

title: 接報


text: 接报

title: 接报


text:
lock gate

Noun

 * 1) (Usually) one of a pair of gates at each end of a lock chamber on a canal, or river with a weir.

Translations

 * Finnish: sulkuportti
 * German:

title: lock gate


text: 过重

title: 过重


text:
強迫症

Noun

 * 1)  obsessive-compulsive disorder; OCD

title: 強迫症


text:
過重

Verb

 * 1)  to be overweight
 * 2)  to subtract the weight of the container in which the weighed object is placed

Verb

 * 1)  to stress one aspect to the neglect of another

title: 過重


text: 强迫症

title: 强迫症


text: lock gates

title: lock gates


text:
hit the mark

Verb

 * 1)  To succeed or work very well; to do the trick.

title: hit the mark


text:
關火

Verb

 * 1)  to take off the heat; to turn down the heat; to turn off the burner

title: 關火


text: 关火

title: 关火


text:
拾金不昧

Idiom

 * 1) to not pocket the money or other valuables one picks up; to return lost property to its owner

title: 拾金不昧


text:
läned

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) * 1952, Arie de Jong, "Gospul ma ‚Marcus‛", 15.21, in Diatek Nulik.
 * "vo"
 * "vo"

- Ämütoms beigolani seimik : ‚Simon‛ di ‚Cyrene‛, kel äkömom de läned : fat elas ‚Alexander‛ e ‚Rufus‛ ad polön krodi omik.

title: läned


text: läneds

title: läneds


text:
反目

Verb

 * 1) to fall out (with someone); to be in discord (with)

title: 反目


text:
choplet

Noun

 * 1)  A food product consisting of meat moulded into the form of a chop.

title: choplet


text: choplets

title: choplets


text: chopette

title: chopette


text: chopettes

title: chopettes


text:
de quatre grapes

Etymology
lit. 'of four claws'.

Adverb

 * 1) on all fours on one's hands and knees

title: de quatre grapes


text: yǎngfèn

title: yǎngfèn


text:
մոգություն

Noun

 * 1) magic

title: մոգություն


text: preternaturalisms

title: preternaturalisms


text:
插足

Verb

 * 1)  to set foot in; to put one's feet on
 * 2)  to get involved in;  to step between (two persons in a love relationship)

title: 插足


text:
友情價

Noun

 * 1) mates' rates

title: 友情價


text: 友情价

title: 友情价


text:
cock a deaf 'un

Verb

 * 1)  To turn a deaf ear; to refuse to listen, or pretend not to have heard.

title: cock a deaf 'un


text: yìshi xíngtài

title: yìshi xíngtài


text: metallogeneses

title: metallogeneses


text: xíngtàixué

title: xíngtàixué


text:
招子

Noun

 * 1) signage; poster; shop sign
 * 2)  shop sign for a liquor-selling establishment
 * 3) trick
 * 4)  eye

title: 招子


text:
開鑼

Verb

 * 1)  to start the performance
 * 2)  to begin; to start

title: 開鑼


text: 开锣

title: 开锣


text:
kanadisk gaupe

Noun

 * 1) Canada lynx, Canadian lynx;

Usage notes
The declined forms of are often used because of the unwieldy declension of the full word.

title: kanadisk gaupe


text: noxious trades

title: noxious trades


text:
紅油

Noun

 * 1)  chili oil
 * 2)  undutied diesel for industrial or shipping purposes (which is marked with red dye)
 * 1)  undutied diesel for industrial or shipping purposes (which is marked with red dye)

Noun

 * 1)  red paint, especially as a tool of vandalism

title: 紅油


text: 红油

title: 红油


text:
磨擦

Verb

 * 1) to rub; to chafe; to press together

Noun

 * 1)  friction
 * 2)  clash; friction; discord; disagreement
 * 3)  (Second Sino-Japanese War) Conflict, as between the Communists and non-Hanjian Kuomintang forces.

title: 磨擦


text:
Riverside County

Proper noun

 * 1) . It is named after the city.

title: Riverside County


text:
Lynx canadensis

Etymology
From +.

Hypernyms

 * - order; - suborder;  - family;  - subfamily;  - genus

title: Lynx canadensis


text: tirkesti

title: tirkesti


text: indecences

title: indecences


text:
tüüp

Etymology
Most likely from.

Noun

 * 1) type
 * 2)  guy, bloke

title: tüüp


text: impulse-bought

title: impulse-bought


text:
կախարդություն

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) witchcraft, sorcery, magic

title: կախարդություն


text:
beschreiten

Verb

 * 1) to tread, to pursue

Derived terms

 * (to take legal action)
 * (to take legal action)
 * (to take legal action)
 * (to take legal action)
 * (to take legal action)

title: beschreiten


text: Beschreiten

title: Beschreiten


text:
Brown County

Etymology
All are derived from the surname.

title: Brown County


text:
打壓

Verb

 * 1)  to combat and suppress; to beat down

title: 打壓


text: 打压

title: 打压


text:
月租

Noun

 * 1) monthly rent

title: 月租


text: ပေကျင်း

title: ပေကျင်း


text: gǔpǔ

title: gǔpǔ


text:
保安員

Noun

 * 1) security guard; security man

title: 保安員


text: strawberryades

title: strawberryades


text: 保安员

title: 保安员


text: ပီကင်း

title: ပီကင်း


text:
燈膽

Noun

 * 1)  light bulb

title: 燈膽


text: 灯胆

title: 灯胆


text: gǔpú

title: gǔpú


text: einschreitend

title: einschreitend


text: ベージ

title: ベージ


text:
尿袋

Noun

 * 1)  urinary catheter bag
 * 2)  urinary bladder
 * 3)  powerbank

Etymology 1
Compound of.

First appears in the  of roughly 934.

Noun

 * 1)   bladder

Etymology 2
Apparent shift from earlier yubaribukuro.

Appears in a text from 1592.

Noun

 * 1)   bladder

title: 尿袋


text:
伺服

Verb

 * 1)  to serve

title: 伺服


text: destructive distillations

title: destructive distillations


text:
受訪

Verb

 * 1) to participate in a survey; to be surveyed

title: 受訪


text: 受访

title: 受访


text:
劏房

Noun

 * 1)  subdivided flat a ubiquitous kind of rental housing present in Hong Kong

title: 劏房


text: 㓥房

title: 㓥房


text:
見面會

Noun

 * 1) meeting of a celebrity with his or her fans, or with the media

title: 見面會


text: 见面会

title: 见面会


text:
शैली

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1) style, method, way
 * 2)  genre
 * 1)  genre

title: शैली


text:
संगठन

Etymology
..

Noun

 * 1) organization

title: संगठन


text:
vortala

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) verbal

title: vortala


text:
संगठन करना

Verb

 * 1)  to organize

title: संगठन करना


text: yǐngxiǎnglì

title: yǐngxiǎnglì


text:
တိုကျို

Etymology
Borrowed from.

title: တိုကျို


text: marshalates

title: marshalates


text: marshallates

title: marshallates


text:
Talk:တိုကျို

Confirmed pronunciation at 15:00 --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 12:30, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:တိုကျို


text: Category:Limburgish terms with rare senses


text:
fervoroza

Etymology
From.

title: fervoroza


text: ဆီယူ

title: ဆီယူ


text:
Pulaski

Etymology
Americanised or Anglicised form of.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Pulaski is the 15418th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1900 individuals. Pulaski is most common among White (93.42%) individuals.

title: Pulaski


text: koliziono

title: koliziono


text: kolizioni

title: kolizioni


text:
paroko

Noun

 * 1) parish priest

Noun

 * 1) parish priest

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1)  a parish priest

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to convey an ; to send an àrokò to another party

title: paroko


text:
paroki

Etymology
From, from.
 * Via, from.
 * Via.

Noun

 * 1)  parish.

title: paroki


text: 楼兰

title: 楼兰


text:
樓蘭

Etymology
From a name in the native language of the kingdom, possibly of the shape *Kro-ran. Compare Modern 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

First attested in the .

title: 樓蘭


text:
Pulaski County

Etymology
All counties appear to be named after.

title: Pulaski County


text:
flekkhyene

Noun

 * 1) spotted hyena, laughing hyena;

title: flekkhyene


text:
hungro

Etymology
Borrowed from and.

title: hungro


text: бөјүмәк

title: бөјүмәк


text:
opaw

Adjective

 * 1) having no hair, fur or feathers
 * 2) having no hair on the head
 * 3) having a closely-cropped hairstyle
 * 4) without leaves; leafless

Noun

 * 1)  a baldhead; a person whose head is bald

Verb

 * 1) to become bald
 * 2) to get a buzzcut
 * 3) to have one's head shaved
 * 4)  to lose its leaves

title: opaw


text: атланмаг

title: атланмаг


text:
rikomencar

Etymology
From io.

Verb

 * 1)  to begin anew, to recommence

title: rikomencar


text: nutritional yeasts

title: nutritional yeasts


text:
au bout du rouleau

Adjective

 * 1) exhausted, on one's last legs, at the end of one's tether
 * 2) broke, ruined

title: au bout du rouleau


text:
Talk:firestarter

"a tool used to start a fire"
Any tool used for this purpose? Or specifically a firelighter or something else? Equinox ◑ 13:33, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:firestarter


text:
Crocuta crocuta

Etymology
From the genus name (which see for more).

Hypernyms

 * - family; - subfamily;  - genus

Hyponyms

 * † - subspecies

title: Crocuta crocuta


text:
konkordar

Verb

 * 1)  to agree

title: konkordar


text: Sagnac effects

title: Sagnac effects


text:
kakha tuka

Adjective

 * 1) hand-to-mouth; involving immediate consumption (especially of food) with no provision for the future; having barely enough to survive, being close to poverty

Verb

 * 1) to live hand-to-mouth

title: kakha tuka


text: frontiero

title: frontiero


text: frontieri

title: frontieri


text:
ehtiyac

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1) need

title: ehtiyac


text: hadood

title: hadood


text:
Category talk:Latin terms suffixed with -o

There is no mention of leo (leonis m lion), latro (latronis m robber), or homo (hominis m man). There are also probably more nouns ending in -o. I suggest a noun subcategory be created to contain these. Wiki user wiki (talk) 13:48, 6 April 2017 (UTC)
 * This category is for words suffixed with . Not all words merely ending in it should be here. —CodeCat 13:50, 6 April 2017 (UTC)


text: banana breads

title: banana breads


text: skreno

title: skreno


text: skreni

title: skreni


text:
vitreo-

Prefix

 * 1)  vitreous humour

title: vitreo-


text:
antagonistisch

Adjective

 * 1) antagonistic

title: antagonistisch


text:
Crocuta crocuta spelaea

Etymology
From +.

Proper noun
†

Hypernyms

 * - order; - family;  - subfamily;  - genus;  - species

title: Crocuta crocuta spelaea


text: virtual memories

title: virtual memories


text: redemto

title: redemto


text: redemti

title: redemti


text:
anthrazit

Adjective

 * 1)  anthracite

title: anthrazit


text:
anthrazitfarben

Adjective

 * 1) anthracite (in colour)

title: anthrazitfarben


text:
Talk:life science

Life science
To know more about life science Sophumelela (talk) 14:10, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

Thank u Sophumelela (talk) 14:11, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:life science


text:
anthropisch

Adjective

 * 1) anthropic

title: anthropisch


text:
Crocuta

Etymology
genus name, from, borrowed from , which may have been a borrowing from.

Hypernyms

 * ; - subfamily

Hyponyms

 * - sole species

title: Crocuta


text:
antiamerikanisch

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) anti-American

title: antiamerikanisch


text:
Bessemer process

Etymology
Named after its inventor, the Englishman Henry Bessemer, who took out a patent on the process in 1856.

Noun

 * 1)  The first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel, based on blowing air through molten pig iron to remove impurities by oxidation.

title: Bessemer process


text: Bessemer processes

title: Bessemer processes


text:
antiautoritär

Adjective

 * 1) antiauthoritarian

title: antiautoritär


text:
fiscal law

Noun

 * 1)  The area of law pertaining to public finances.

Translations

 * Finnish:
 * German: Finanzrecht
 * Swedish: finansrätt

title: fiscal law


text:
antibiotikaresistent

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) antibiotic-resistant

title: antibiotikaresistent


text: block systems

title: block systems


text:
antibolschewistisch

Adjective

 * 1) anti-Bolshevik, antibolshevist

title: antibolschewistisch


text:
bolschewistisch

Adjective

 * 1)  Bolshevik

title: bolschewistisch


text:
Indiana Jones

Etymology
After the fictional archaeologist, protagonist of a series of action films since 1981.

Noun

 * 1) An expert in some scholarly subject who makes daring explorations.

title: Indiana Jones


text: Indiana Jonesian

title: Indiana Jonesian


text:
antichretisch

Adjective

 * 1) antichretic

title: antichretisch


text:
en liña

Adjective

 * 1) online

title: en liña


text:
antichristlich

Adjective

 * 1) anti-Christian

title: antichristlich


text:
antidemokratisch

Adjective

 * 1) antidemocratic

title: antidemokratisch


text:
שיחק

Verb

 * 1) to play

title: שיחק


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root שׂ־ח־ק


text:
antideutsch

Adjective

 * 1) anti-German

title: antideutsch


text: reinitialisation

title: reinitialisation


text:
ओए

Interjection

 * 1) hey, oi

title: ओए


text:
antieuropäisch

Adjective

 * 1) anti-European

title: antieuropäisch


text:
गगरी

Noun

 * 1) vessel, bucket

title: गगरी


text:
antiinflammatorisch

Adjective

 * 1) anti-inflammatory

title: antiinflammatorisch


text: dogged it

title: dogged it


text: dogs it

title: dogs it


text: dogging it

title: dogging it


text:
antijüdisch

Adjective

 * 1) anti-Jewish

title: antijüdisch


text:
प्रकाशित

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Adjective

 * 1) published

title: प्रकाशित


text:
प्रकाशित करना

Verb

 * 1)  to publish

title: प्रकाशित करना


text: monkings

title: monkings


text:
antiklerikal

Adjective

 * 1) anticlerical

title: antiklerikal


text:
klerikal

Adjective

 * 1) clerical

title: klerikal


text:
antimilitaristisch

Adjective

 * 1) antimilitaristic

title: antimilitaristisch


text: aanvallertjie

title: aanvallertjie


text:
antimonhaltig

Adjective

 * 1) antimonious, antimonial

title: antimonhaltig


text: aanvallertjies

title: aanvallertjies


text:
antimykotisch

Adjective

 * 1) antimycotic

title: antimykotisch


text:
mykotisch

Adjective

 * 1) mycotic

title: mykotisch


text: naamvallen

title: naamvallen


text: naamvalletje

title: naamvalletje


text:
antinomisch

Etymology
Probably borrowed.

Adjective

 * 1) antinomian

Adjective

 * 1) antinomic

title: antinomisch


text: naamvalletjes

title: naamvalletjes


text:
melynrudh

Adjective

 * 1) orange, yellowish red

title: melynrudh


text:
antirussisch

Adjective

 * 1) anti-Russian

title: antirussisch


text:
antischiitisch

Adjective

 * 1) anti-Shiite

title: antischiitisch


text: term logics

title: term logics


text:
rudhwynn

Adjective

 * 1) pink, reddish white

title: rudhwynn


text:
schiitisch

Adjective

 * 1)  Shiite

title: schiitisch


text:
Sythas

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) A river of Achaia forming the eastern boundary of the region

title: Sythas


text:
antiseptisch

Etymology
Directly or ultimately from.

Adjective

 * 1) antiseptic

title: antiseptisch


text:
kigliw

Adjective

 * 1) pink
 * 2) flesh-coloured

title: kigliw


text: imperfecting

title: imperfecting


text:
imperfected

Adjective

 * 1) Not perfected.

title: imperfected


text:
rudhlas

Adjective

 * 1) purple, reddish blue

title: rudhlas


text:
herrebesøg

Noun

 * 1)  a visit from a male of a romantic and/or sexual nature

title: herrebesøg


text: Category:Hawaiian terms calqued from English


text:
antistatisch

Adjective

 * 1) antistatic

title: antistatisch


text:
damebesøg

Noun

 * 1)  a visit from a female of a sexual and/or romantic nature

title: damebesøg


text:
antisymmetrisch

Etymology
or

Adjective

 * 1) antisymmetric

title: antisymmetrisch


text:
antizionistisch

Adjective

 * 1) anti-Zionist

title: antizionistisch


text:
Cerynites

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) A river of Achaia flowing into the sea near Helice

title: Cerynites


text:
zionistisch

Etymology
Borrowed from. Equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1) zionist

title: zionistisch


text:
antizipativ

Adjective

 * 1) anticipative

title: antizipativ


text: sulphur butterflies

title: sulphur butterflies


text:
Selemnus

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) A river of Achaia flowing into the sea near the promontory of Rhium

title: Selemnus


text:
long hair don't care

Etymology
Chosen for the rhyme, and in reference to the habit of many male hippies of growing their hair long.

title: long hair don't care


text:
kaluha

Etymology
Analyzed as. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) twin
 * 2) conjoined banana
 * 3)  look-alike

Etymology
From earlier *kalua with intrusive h, from.

Noun

 * 1) shark

title: kaluha


text:
Helice

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) a town of Achaia situated on the coast between the rivers Selinus and Cerynites

title: Helice


text:
Seius

Proper noun

 * 1) a Roman nomen gentile, gens or "family name" famously held by:
 * , a Roman prefect

title: Seius


text:
selago

Noun

 * 1) A plant resembling savin

title: selago


text:
Talk:woid

Whose dialect is this? Sounds like American gangsters possibly. Moider him boys! Equinox ◑ 16:08, 6 April 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:woid


text: alternative energies

title: alternative energies


text:
User:Lesless

ru:Участник:Lesless

 This is Moscow:

ru:Участник:Lesless

title: User:Lesless


text: occasioneth

title: occasioneth


text:
antonymisch

Adjective

 * 1) antonymic

title: antonymisch


text:
Somerset County

Etymology
Named after the county of Somerset in England, except in Maryland.

Proper noun

 * 1) . Named after Lady Somerset.
 * 1) . Named after Lady Somerset.

title: Somerset County


text:
antragstellend

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  applicant

title: antragstellend


text:
antriebslos

Adjective

 * 1) listless

title: antriebslos


text:
Baptismus

Etymology
Native formation from.

Noun

 * 1)  the Baptist denomination

title: Baptismus


text:
Statius

Etymology
Chiefly attested as a Samnite name, hence probably from.

Proper noun

 * , famously held by:
 * Statius Gellius, a Samnite general
 * 1) Publius Papinius Statius, a Roman poet
 * , a Roman comic poet
 * , a Roman comic poet

title: Statius


text:
anzüglich

Adjective

 * 1) salacious, lewd, especially in a suggestive, insinuating way, less often explicitly
 * 2)  suggestive; insinuating something embarrassing

title: anzüglich


text:
aperiodisch

Adjective

 * 1) aperiodic

title: aperiodisch


text:
apfelartig

Adjective

 * 1) apple-like

title: apfelartig


text:
zowl

Noun

 * 1)  Soul.

title: zowl


text: zowls

title: zowls


text:
apfelförmig

Adjective

 * 1) apple-shaped

title: apfelförmig