text:
Wiktionary:Votes/2016-10/Removing label proscribed from entries

Removing label proscribed from entries
Voting on: Giving a go ahead to all automatic and semi-automatic edits that remove label "proscribed" from Wiktionary entries.

 * Rationale: See Wiktionary talk:Votes/2016-10/Removing label proscribed from entries. The voters only vote on the proposed action, not on the rationale.
 * Vote starts: 00:00, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Vote ends: 23:59, 9 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Vote created: Dan Polansky (talk) 19:38, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

Discussion:
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Template talk:proscribed
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Beer_parlour/2016/October
 * [[Image:Wikt rei-artur3.svg|20px]] Wiktionary talk:Votes/2016-10/Removing label proscribed from entries

Support

 * 1) . I agree with Dan Polansky in that the label "proscribed" is imperative in disguise, and it implies that we, the English Wiktionary, are proscribing a word or a sense. We can use the "Usage notes" section to mention if there are any authoritative sources that consider a certain term or spelling incorrect. --Daniel Carrero (talk) 00:04, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 2) . My rationale is on the talk page but let me try a different wording and one analogy. The idea that reported proscriptions are no longer proscriptions is an ingenuous one, but not to be accepted in a descriptivist dictionary. It comes without saying that a sourced wiki cannot contain original proscriptions ("You should not use word X") but rather reported proscriptions ("Alleggedly, you should not use word X"). A reported proscription still has the nature of proscription. And now the analogy. It does not make much of a difference whether you make an illegal drug or you just peddle it: even peddlers are criminally liable. A descriptivist dictionary does not deal in proscriptions: it does not make them, and it does not peddle them. --Dan Polansky (talk) 11:30, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 3) Every description can be taken as a proscription; "do not take Apfel to mean orange, do not use Apfel to mean orange." "Proscribed" is exactly parallel to "offensive"; some people will respond poorly to this use of the word, the main distinction is how.--Prosfilaes (talk) 21:23, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Re: "Every description can be taken as a proscription": Not really. The above two imperatives do not necessarily follow from our definitions in Apfel. Someone who reports actual usage in a dictionary can be oblivious about other people's behaviors, merely trying to provide best accurate information to anyone who happens to care about accuracy. By contrast, whenever person X commands Y, "person X commands Y" is a description of fact, as well as "at least one person commands Y".
 * But even if you were right, it would not really diminish my argument, which is of the following general form: look at the essence of what is being done, not at its surface syntactic form. And my imperative or exhortation is this: in a descriptivist dictionary, don't peddle prescriptions and proscriptions that contradict statistics of actual usage. --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:26, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
 * And my exhortation is that we produce a dictionary worthy of standing alongside Wikipedia, one that manages to serve all groups, including people who need to produce works for picky bosses or misguided teachers. We should be looking for reasons and ways to support them, not reasons and ways not to.--Prosfilaes (talk) 23:33, 30 October 2016 (UTC)
 * That's circular: the same bosses and teachers are going to use reference works such as Wiktionary to show that the term in question is objectionable. When a disagreement arises, they're going to say: look, even Wiktionary indicates the term or use is proscribed. --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:23, 3 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I doubt they're going to use Wiktionary for that; they're working on their own biases. And if they are, they're going to use Wiktionary to establish that Apfel does not mean orange. We can't compel people to treat a descriptive dictionary as descriptive.--Prosfilaes (talk) 23:40, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I would rather see it dealt with in a Usage note, I think. Ƿidsiþ 09:09, 28 November 2016 (UTC)
 * You realize that this vote doesn't allow for that, right? It would permit bots to simply remove the labels without replacing them with anything. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 02:17, 29 November 2016 (UTC)
 * In which case, switching to oppose. Ƿidsiþ 12:12, 30 November 2016 (UTC)
 * The vote does not forbid use of usage notes to convey similar information in a more descriptivist tone. In the rationale, I argued that we should use usage notes, and gave an example: 'Pravidla českého pravopisu, a handbook considered by many Czechs to decide what is correct spelling, does not contain "tchýně" and only contain "tchyně".' However, it is to be admitted that the proposal as formulated gives a go ahead to remove the label without at the same time expanding the usage notes. --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:20, 3 December 2016 (UTC)
 * An alternative proposal: Give a go head to remove proscribed label as long as similar information is provided in the usage note of the entry, the intent being that the label is eventually replaced with usage notes in all entries. --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:26, 3 December 2016 (UTC)
 * I think such a proposal would pass, but you'd have to create a new vote. Most people's objection to this vote, including my own, seems to be due to the fact that it offers no replacement. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 03:48, 4 December 2016 (UTC)
 * The only place I'm really uncomfortable with the replacement of a proscribed label with a usage note is in long entries where it would mean you'd have to read the whole page to realize the connection between one usage out of a dozen.--Prosfilaes (talk) 00:32, 7 December 2016 (UTC)
 * 1) . Better labels might include "dialectical," "colloquial," "informal," or even "non-standard." There is no reason to even mention that it has been proscribed. And who proscribed it? If the answer isn't in the usage notes already, it might as well just be eliminated without replacement. Jan sewi (talk) 12:10, 15 December 2016 (UTC)
 * The use of proscribed can usually be taken to mean none of those labels are appropriate. And the reason to mention it is to warn users that someone might give them crap for using it, even if there's no good reason.--Prosfilaes (talk) 01:50, 17 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Can you give an example of where none of those labels apply? I just looked up, for example, "irregardless," and it has "nonstandard" along with "proscribed." It then goes on to say that it is discouraged in the usage notes. The word "proscribed" is redundant and, as has been pointed out already, seems like a thinly-veiled attempt to save prescriptivism. Jan sewi (talk) 11:06, 17 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Singular they is perfectly standard, used across dialects, and can be found in formal writing, but it is still sometimes proscribed. —Granger (talk · contribs) 12:34, 17 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Thank you. In that case I would just put it in the usage notes and link the Wikipedia article, which is probably already done. Throwing the word "proscribed" in there makes it seem far less acceptable than it actually is, imo. Jan sewi (talk) 14:08, 17 December 2016 (UTC)

Oppose

 * 1) . Most of these could be labelled better (and it should be made explicit what authorities are doing the proscribing), but this is still valuable information that shouldn't be merged. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 00:46, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 2) . If native speakers perceive certain words as proscribed, we need to know that. If the usage of a term, e.g. Russian  is considered proscribed in Russia, foreigners need to know about this and avoid using these terms, even if they are used and attested.
 * My opposing to removing the labels doesn't mean I'm opposing to having such entries in Wiktionary. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 00:58, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * @Anatoli T.: contains non-standard and low colloquial. Given that, what is the additional value of "proscribed"? I mean, low colloquial alone suggests it usually not used in formal communication, isn't it? --Dan Polansky (talk) 11:36, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * There are many overlaps and it's not always easy to explain the exact difference or choose the right category. E.g. is a "low colloquial" or slang word for "diamond". "Low colloquial" means here "uneducated", "low class" word, these category will also include words, which are stylistically or ethically unacceptable. This is an attempt to render the Russian term . Non-standard is admittedly closer to proscribed but IMO proscribed better describes how language authorities (if they exist) treat a term. Since disputed categories are subcategories of non-standard categories, the "non-standard" label can be potentially removed. In general, I support language specific labels/categories, if they are commonly used and better understood by native speakers or if they add a feature specific to those languages, e.g. humble or honorific in reference to Japanese, Korean, etc. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 08:51, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 1)  --WikiTiki89 01:03, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 2)  Having honest, truthful labels that are useful to users and will prevent them from looking like fools for using a proscribed term is much more important than trying to promote a sociolinguist’s utopia. — Ungoliant (falai) 01:22, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * If a person uses a "proscribed" term that is widely used by the native spekars, that person cannot possibly look like a fool. One measure of competence in a language is to be undistinguishable from native speakers based on language production alone; and since the term is widely used by natives, it will not serve to mark off the non-natives from the natives. What foreigners probably should not do if they want to sound native is use rare terms. --Dan Polansky (talk) 11:40, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Yeah, that’s one measure of competence. Another measure of competence is being able to use standard language and avoid proscribed terms and constructs. — Ungoliant (falai) 14:36, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * You mean like (1,760 hits) or  (45 hits)? Or  (6,430 hits)? By the standard of rarity, I submit to the reader that these putative terms are not really in widespread use. The sad circumstance is that it is this alleggedly descriptivist dictionary that introduces a new terminology to sneak in prescriptivism. --Dan Polansky (talk) 18:13, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * That's an entirely different argument. If you wanted to make the point that we should use another word rather than "proscribed" because no one uses "proscribed" that way, that would be a different story. But this vote does not provide any replacement, because your real goal is not to label these words with anything. --WikiTiki89 18:40, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I concede your point to an extent, but let me point out the implied, unspoken argument, which was presented by showing rather than stating: frequency is the indicator sought, not proscription. I do not need a source "proscribing" the term "proscribed construction"; frequency alone tells me hardly anyone uses the term. For instance, have a look at : whatever proscription was made, it was successful in driving the frequency down to yield a frequency ratio characteristic of misspellings. --Dan Polansky (talk) 18:48, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The idea that something is inappropriate if it is uncommon and appropriate if it's common is absurd. — Ungoliant (falai) 19:07, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I did not say "appropriate" or "inappropriate". Since, "appropriate" for what purpose? The idea that, if you want to sound like a native and want to avoid what many natives will consider to be error, you should avoid vanishingly rare forms, is just common sense rather than being absurd. --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:36, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
 * So, rare like your shouldn’t be used, Polansky? — Ungoliant (falai) 13:13, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The rarity of the above does give me a pause. However, single words in a dictionary are not combinations of words, and their rarity or commonness is a fairly good guide to their being accepted. When the commonness of a putative word drops to zero, we exclude it from the dictionary no matter how "logical" or well formed the putative word may be. A zero-attested word may even be in a dictionary and we still exclude it.
 * By contrast, the pronouncement of an unelected authority does not alone serve as a good guide to acceptance since they do not purport to empirically enquire into acceptance in the population of speakers by polling and similar means of empirical science, but rather try to tell the population what they ought to do. Relying on authoritative sources for acceptance is no better than relying on authoritative sources for existence, and the latter is what we do not do for well documented languages per WT:ATTEST. We figure that authoritative sources all too often include too little and sometimes include too much, and that we can do better by looking at evidence ourselves. --Dan Polansky (talk) 15:47, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 1) --Prosfilaes (talk) 01:52, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 2)  Crom daba (talk) 11:17, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 3)  Wyang (talk) 11:31, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 4)  Since we are voting on "the proposed action, not on the rationale", I have to go with the gut feeling. I think I'd prefer more prescriptivism, and learners who have to pass exams like IELTS would benefit. Equinox ◑ 11:39, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * If a rationale in support of an action is good and sound, so must be the action, right? It does not hold the other way around: if a rationale is bad and unsound, the action can still be good. --Dan Polansky (talk) 11:56, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 1) . The fact that a word is proscribed by mainstream sources is important sociolinguistic information, and it would be a shame for that information to be removed. I might be able to tolerate removing all of the "proscribed" labels if they are replaced with usage notes conveying the same information, but the wording of this vote seems to allow users to remove the "proscribed" label from lots of entries without replacing it with anything. —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 12:20, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 2)  per my comments in Requests for deletion/Others. As Jack Lynch said, "a good descriptivist should tell you [...] not only how many people use [a word], but in what circumstances and to what effect." - -sche (discuss) 17:18, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Now is Jack Lynch a descriptivist? And if he is a prescriptivist, should I take what he says about "good descriptivist" seriously? He is not an editor of a descriptivist dictionary, is he? And why should I take his statement seriously when no argument supporting his statement is made available at the same time to me? --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:30, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Anyway, that Jack Lynch does not appear to have a Wikipedia page, but the above quote can currently be found in https://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/writing/p.html. Per http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/, Jack Lynch is "Professor in the English department, of the Newark campus of Rutgers University, specializing in the English literature of the eighteenth century and the history of the English language."
 * The linked web pages seems to have been published as The English Language: A User's Guide, Jack Lynch, 2015. --Dan Polansky (talk) 08:43, 29 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 1)  -Xbony2 (talk) 22:14, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 2) . Per  -sche. Tharthan (talk) 22:21, 28 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 3)  per Mr. Granger. Proscription is valuable information, and must be included. I would prefer a more in-depth usage note, however, rather than a vague label. I'm not opposing the removal of the "proscribed" label per se, but I strongly oppose the removal of that information. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 04:23, 1 November 2016 (UTC)
 * , even descriptivism should note the existence of proscription. Anti-Gamz Dust (Here's Hillcrest!) 03:02, 7 November 2016 (UTC)
 * 1) . Even though I hate the word "proscribed" because the average reader is unlikely to be familiar with it, the value in noting that terms are proscribed is very high. This, that and the other (talk) 09:37, 10 November 2016 (UTC)
 * 2)  all automatic removal of potentially useful information. That said, I think this label should always be specified, as eg at specially, however or even biological; simply labelling a sense "proscribed" as at eg alternately tells me nothing, not even whether it really is proscribed. (Not to mention obscurities like "somewhat proscribed".) --Droigheann (talk) 20:01, 12 November 2016 (UTC)
 * 3)  — Saltmarsh συζήτηση-talk 05:35, 13 November 2016 (UTC)
 * 4)  per WikiTiki89 (18:40, 28 October 2016 (UTC)). —msh210℠ (talk) 09:02, 28 November 2016 (UTC)
 * I think the feature the label is fulfilling is very useful. Labelling something as "proscribed" does not imply that we are an authoritative source on the matter (on that note, I do think in these cases Wiktionary should have referencing proving that a term's definition is seen as incorrect). I may be tempted to agree with something that provides a formal replacement (which may, instead of requiring automated edits to remove this information, require a simpler change to the lb template to deprecate the current label and display the new one instead (dunno if that's standard practice here)). --BurritoBazooka (talk) 04:49, 30 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Ineligible to vote. —Granger (talk · contribs) 12:07, 30 November 2016 (UTC)
 * 1)  in current form. Ƿidsiþ 12:12, 30 November 2016 (UTC)
 * 2)  It is a descriptive fact that some forms are proscribed in the standard written form of some language. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 21:24, 5 December 2016 (UTC)
 * 3)  bulk removal of useful information, though I would possibly support an alternative.   D b f  i  r  s   09:34, 15 December 2016 (UTC)
 * 4)  — I.S.M.E.T.A. 23:57, 9 January 2017 (UTC)

Abstain
But for most usages with this label, I do think we want some label. So voting to let a bot remove this label from all entries, with no guidance at all on what else the bot should be doing at the same time, seems like a bad idea. —Ruakh TALK 00:44, 20 November 2016 (UTC)
 * 1) . I find the label 'proscribed' pretty absurd; 'proscribed' means 'forbidden', so the label seems to mean, if not "We forbid this usage", then at least "We believe that some magical authority has the power to forbid this usage, and that (s)he's done so". That is pretty obviously a nonsensical and prescriptivist view with no place here. The only reason the label has survived so long as it has is that we've managed to convince ourselves that it means only "some authority has condemned, or would condemn, this usage".
 * @Ruakh: Thank you. An alternative to the proposal of this vote would be to make an addition freeze on proscribed. I would list all current uses of the label on the vote talk page, and any new uses would be removed; someone might modify the modules to show a deprecation warning in the entries that use the label. One alternative label is nonstandard, which dictionaries actually use, with I am told has a slightly different meaning. Then we would manually process the entries marked as proscribed, with no time pressure. We could be manually replacing the label with usage notes, where the usage note would indicate who proscribes, and possibly be inline-referenced to the proscription.
 * The problem with that is that most people do not seem to have a problem with the label and its meaning at all. --Dan Polansky (talk) 09:04, 20 November 2016 (UTC)
 * 1)  We define the label proscribed as Some educators or other authorities recommend against the listed usage. This information is retrievable by clicking the label. Any phantasmagorias about the label having another meaning or implication I cannot share. Keeping the info in usage notes might be more precise, but I don't really care in which of these two options we present it. We must present it, of course. Korn [kʰũːɘ̃n] (talk) 18:55, 22 November 2016 (UTC)
 * : I'm ambivalent. On the one hand, the information that someone somewhere forbids or discourages the use of a term is useful, on the other, Wiktionary's use of the label could mislead people into believing that Wiktionary is the one forbidding or discouraging. It might be better to move it to a usage note and tell who is the proscriber, and, if applicable, why. But I don't feel very strongly about it right now. — Eru·tuon 17:19, 3 December 2016 (UTC)
 * 1) abstain Late abstention: terms cannot be proscribed. Use can be. Automated removal of the label should probably occur, but only in a contextually-sensitive manner: if a term is proscribed by an authority in a durably archived manner, it should likely be mentioned in usage. OTOH, giving someone (say, Chicago Manual of Style) undue weight as an arbiter of English usage is just as great an error as airily allowing drive-by labeling as proscribed. Strunk opposed the use of contractions, all contractions, in written text except as eye-dialect. Maybe he is correct, but we should not mark them all as proscribed. - Amgine/t·e 00:44, 10 January 2017 (UTC)

Decision
Failed: 3-22-3 (12%-88%) --Daniel Carrero (talk) 00:07, 10 January 2017 (UTC)


text: 畫素

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 畫素


text: Glocks

title: Glocks


text: glomerulonephropathies

title: glomerulonephropathies


text:
巴哈伊信仰

Proper noun

 * 1) Baháʼí Faith

title: 巴哈伊信仰


text: globocrats

title: globocrats


text: globocops

title: globocops


text: glomerular lipidoses

title: glomerular lipidoses


text: gloeocystidia

title: gloeocystidia


text: glocalisations

title: glocalisations


text: glomerulopathies

title: glomerulopathies


text: 延长线

title: 延长线


text:
延長線

Noun

 * 1) extension cord
 * 2)  extended line
 * 3)  power strip; power board
 * 4)  extension of a traffic route

Noun

 * 1)  extended line (usually as an auxiliary line)
 * 2) extension of a traffic route (e.g. highway or railway line)
 * 3)  extension or result developed from an existing thing

title: 延長線


text: selvpubliseres

title: selvpubliseres


text:
Wiktionary talk:Votes/2016-10/Removing label proscribed from entries

Rationale
While it has been said that the proscribed label is merely to describe that other people proscribe and not the dictionary makers, the label is in fact a backdoor to prescriptivism. It labels entries as objectionable in a very prominent way, right before the definition. It enables import of proscriptions existing outside of Wiktionary right into Wiktionary as allegged descriptions of there being proscriptions. To me, this is at odds with the descriptivist lexicography we are trying to do here. I believe the manner in which it is allegged that the label "describes" is fundamentally fallacious: I could equally well claim that a differently conceived label proscribed merely describes the editorial judgment of the dictionary makers. No one should be fooled by that sort of "description".

Stating in a usage note that the term is absent from a particular regulatory list is an acceptable compromise. A descriptivist dictionary is under no compulsion to provide this class of information; a descriptivist could say that such information is not descriptive of usage and therefore has no place to seek in a descriptivist dictionary. We make a concession in allowing this kind of information in a usage note. Beyond usage note, no prominent label serving as a badge of shame is called for.

Prominent English dictionaries listed in OneLook do not seem to use label proscribed in their entries; I have not checked every single one, though. I looked here:
 * Help - Usage Labels - Merriam-Webster
 * How To Use This Site - AHD
 * Labels and Abbreviations - Macmillan
 * Guide to Symbols and Labels - oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com
 * Guide to the Third Edition of the OED - OED

The proscriptions imported by the label may be quite poor, worse than the editorial judgment of Wiktionary editors. The peevers are generally louder in their proscriptions than those who object to the proscriptions. Furthermore, even fallacious proscriptions based on implausible reasoning exist as proscriptions, and therefore turn on the label "proscribed" or "often proscribed" as "describing" them. You only have to remember how plentiful peddlers of astrology are, and compare them to anti-astrology; anyone found their favorite anti-horoscope in a popular magazine? The English Wiktionary should not provide peevers with such a prominent channel of communication and advertisement as is the label space right before the definition. Let peevers use our talk pages to tell the world how objectionable and forbidden various words and forms are; that's more than enough.

Let me come back once more to how the label proscribed alleggedly merely describes. It is worth noting that any prescription or even command can be rendered as a description. An emperor's command of the form "Do X" can be rendered as "It is emperor's will that you do X", a factually correct or incorrect statement descriptive of emperor's will. Similarly, "no trespassing" can be rendered as "The owners of the property ask that you do not enter and are ready to penalize your entry." If the distinction between lexicographical prescriptivism and descriptivism is to be properly maintained, the recasting of prescriptions into descriptive form to be included in the dictionary has to be rejected.

--Dan Polansky (talk) 19:41, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

If you are in for some more reading, here is "Linguistic norms" vs. "groundless peeves" by Mark Liberman, at Language Log, May 16, 2011, a collection of links to other Language Log articles related to descriptivism vs prescriptivism. --Dan Polansky (talk) 19:50, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

As I think about it more, it really is quite simple. The label admits peevers a very simple strategy: if we boo a form loud and plentifully enough, it will eventually earn at least the "sometimes proscribed" label in Wiktionary. Facts about the form and its usage will not be able to change that; the booing will prevail. --Dan Polansky (talk) 19:57, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

 * There is definitely some deep primaeval thing in me that makes me want to oppose this. On the other hand, you (Dan) make a lot of good arguments. I'm trying to work out what the issue is. I have elsewhere stated that we seem to give too much credence to misspellings, and perhaps I think we are slipping into an inescapable black hole where every moron's typo will get an entry. Perhaps I could formulate my objection along the lines of "if all modern dictionaries are more or less descriptive, why do we include more (arguably) misspelled or non-standard terms than they do?". Equinox ◑ 06:57, 22 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Misspellings do get deleted as rare misspellings or marked as common misspellings; right now, we have WT:RFD currently failing, and we deleted aqcuire (WT:RFD). Deleting rare misspellings is mandated in CFI via a passing vote. I have been arguing in favor of using frequency ratio, that is, the ratio of the frequency of the putatively correct spelling to the putatively incorrect spelling. This is great since frequency is a fact of usage, and we now have Google Ngram Viewer to give us much better data for multiple languages than bare Google searches. And once we use frequency ratio, editors can use their taste to see which ratio is to their taste for inclusion of common misspellings. I tend to think that the ratio 1000 is okay for a common misspelling while others can differ and vote "delete" in RFD in such a situation. I don't see any chance that "every moron's typo" gets an entry, or even nearly every one.
 * But this is really about proscribed more than about misspellings. Proscribed is liable to end up in terms that some people find incorrect, often based on incorrect descriptive claims. That is one objection raised against prescriptivists: while each prescription contains a non-factual, non-descriptive component, they are all too often based on factually incorrect linguistic claims.
 * As for your question, I don't have a good answer. It could do with 3 attesting quotations in non-copyedited sources such as Usenet being too low a bar for inclusion. --Dan Polansky (talk) 07:22, 22 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The problems with 'proscribed' on its own is it doesn't tell you who proscribes it. Then you need usage notes to say who proscribes it. I think it's basically a bad idea all around, and 'nonstandard' doesn't have this problem. Renard Migrant (talk) 11:30, 23 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Doesn't it? Shouldn't we have usage notes to say whom it is non-standard to? Equinox ◑ 11:33, 23 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Isn't the idea behind 'nonstandard' that it's not standard anywhere, unless otherwise stated. Like goin' is not a standard form of going anywhere. Renard Migrant (talk) 11:39, 23 October 2016 (UTC)
 * That we describe a fact about certain words, that they are proscribed, does not detract from our descriptivist nature. Failing to describe it does detract from our utility as a general-purpose dictionary, given that one of the reason native speakers use dictionaries is to confirm how their idiolect matches up with the lect of their target audience. We should have proscribed markings whenever the user of a word in a sense runs a risk of getting a negative response because of that use. The fact that we feel that sense is etymologically or historically supported is irrelevant to that user, and is itself a form of prescriptionism.--Prosfilaes (talk) 20:56, 23 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I strongly agree with Prosfilaes on this. We ought not to be so rigid in our descriptivism that we give undue weight to misspellings, heavily frowned upon forms of words and the like. It is simply unreasonable to treat those kinds of things the same as general normal forms and spellings. We risk looking like we prescribe those nonstandard forms and spellings if we do. Tharthan (talk) 00:14, 24 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I argue above that it does detract from our descriptivist nature. A descriptivist dictionary is descriptive of usage, not of there being boos and peevers. I argue above that even a straight imperative can be recast as a description, and that therefore, one should not be guided by the word "describe" alone. I point out above that dictionaries do not seem to use label "proscribed".
 * Misspellings are a whole different story; rare ones get deleted and common ones get marked as misspellings. For more about misspellings, see my post above. Some deleted misspellings include hisown, himand, dolemite, motted, enthousiastic, informacíon, trolly dolly, blackhoe, stylishy, râter, animalike, suthern, increidbly, and aqcuire. --Dan Polansky (talk) 19:03, 25 October 2016 (UTC)
 * If a descriptivist dictionary is descriptive of usage, then do we have etymologies, translations and anagrams, none of which are usage? If "boos and peevers" are worthy of a proscribed note, they are in fact part of usage, they're part of what will get past editors and get published in newspapers and journals, what will get accepted as an essay in English class.
 * Yes, straight imperatives can be recast as a description. A report of an election is merely a statement of many imperatives bundled together. Likewise, when many English teachers make an imperative, it is entirely within our bounds to report on that.--Prosfilaes (talk) 19:58, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

If a proscription is based on a fallacy what better way is there to fight it than to refute it in the usage notes for all the petty prescriptivist pedants to see? Users will assume the entries to be based on misunderstandings and we'll waste precious editor time on arguing with them. Crom daba (talk) 18:33, 25 October 2016 (UTC)
 * We don't need to fight prescriptions in any other way than refusing to give them attention in the first place. Descriptivist dictionaries do not usually contain discussions between prescriptions and their opposers, as far as I know. There is no need for these dictionaries to serve as that sort of advertising space for third parties. Our entries are not based on misunderstanding but rather on WT:CFI, especially WT:ATTEST; sooner or later, our readers will figure that out. --Dan Polansky (talk) 19:03, 25 October 2016 (UTC)
 * We will certainly need to fight them because people will keep adding them unless we address it somehow Crom daba (talk) 19:35, 25 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Not really. When a term does not meet WT:ATTEST, we usually just delete the entry: we don't create an entry containing a discussion of WT:ATTEST. When someone adds "proscribed", we can remove it and point out to our being a descriptivist dictionary in the edit summary. In fact, if it were not for the precedent of "proscribed", it would not be so easy or obvious to add "proscribed". Once introduced, the label spreads, slowly at first. It contains the ingenuous trap of allegedly being merely descriptive of there being proscriptions. Once removed (a big if), the label will not keep being added at any significant rate. --Dan Polansky (talk) 19:44, 25 October 2016 (UTC)

Suggestion for an addition to the vote
I think a section should be added to this vote allowing people to vote support, but on the condition that the proscription of the word be mentioned in a usage note. I think it would be harmful to remove the "proscribed" label without replacing it with anything. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 22:51, 21 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I think the words "proscribed", "proscribe" and the like should by absent from entries. However, this is the usage note that we currently have in tchýně:
 * Pravidla českého pravopisu, a handbook considered by many Czechs to decide what is correct spelling, does not contain "tchýně" and only contain "tchyně". However, the pronunciation is long and the form tchýně is in common usage.
 * And this is the usage note in publically:
 * This spelling is omitted from many dictionaries. The suffix -ally is normally used in this context (added onto words that end in -ic), but public is an exception, and publicly is generally considered more correct.
 * These usage notes report absence from dictionaries, which the vote does not limit in any way. The 1st usage note even concedes that "a handbook considered by many Czechs to decide what is correct spelling". I am the author of the 1st usage note.
 * On another note, let me quote the Merriam-Webster definitions of "proscribe":
 * 1 : to publish the name of as condemned to death with the property of the condemned forfeited to the state
 * 2 : to condemn or forbid as harmful or unlawful :  prohibit
 * Sense 1 does not apply, it seems. The remaining sense is rather strong, isn't it?
 * I hope this kind of labeling can be removed but if it were to stay, better words should be used, like "often bemoaned", "often criticized", "controversial", and the like. Either way, such a label seems to be an original invention of Wiktionary.
 * --Dan Polansky (talk) 06:26, 22 October 2016 (UTC)

 * "Bemoaned" is a very emotionally loaded word and suggests angry bitching. Please drop that one. Equinox ◑ 06:27, 22 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks; I did not know that. --Dan Polansky (talk) 06:47, 22 October 2016 (UTC)
 * On a general note, let voters post not only bare votes but rather votes that state or reference a rationale, and add futher comments and nuance, as usual. These can include "Let us state the absence from a regulatory list in a usage note", or the like. --Dan Polansky (talk) 06:47, 22 October 2016 (UTC)

Label prevalence
Oneliner

 * grep "{{[^}]*proscribed" enwiktionary-20151102-pages-articles.xml |wc -l

yields 434 occurrences of label "proscribed" in the November 2015 dump. The same report on January 2012 dump yields 168 occurrences.

What it does: Find and count all lines in the November 2015 dump that start with "{{", followed by characters different from "}", followed by "proscribed". This covers labeling that uses templates context, label and lb. --Dan Polansky (talk) 06:54, 22 October 2016 (UTC)

The terms so labeled seem to be categorized to Category:English disputed terms created on 2011. The cross-language category is Category:Disputed terms by language, where you can see that there are 241 English disputed terms, 36 Polish ones, 20 Russian ones, 19 Armenian ones, 16 Portuguese ones, 12 Dutch ones, 9 German ones, 5 French ones, 4 Galician ones, etc. --Dan Polansky (talk) 12:42, 22 October 2016 (UTC)

A similar search can be done using insource:/\{[^\}]*proscribed/ in the search bar. It yields 507 results. — Eru·tuon 04:04, 26 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Now that's a cool search; thanks. --Dan Polansky (talk) 11:32, 28 October 2016 (UTC)

Other label name
For some reason, I am uncomfortable with the rendering "proscribed". It seems too strong, also based on M-W.

Other renderings that come to mind include "often deemed incorrect", "disputed", "contested", "often criticized", "controversial", and the like.

I checked Google Ngram Viewer:. Of these, only "disputed" and "nonstandard" found anything.

We have Category:English disputed terms.

I do not see we need this label in addition to nonstandard, but since editors want a label with this kind of semantics per the current results of the vote, it seems worthwhile to ponder a better name.

I seem to like "often deemed incorrect", although it is quite long. I like how "deemed" indicates that Wiktionary editors take a distance from the incorrectness claim.

--Dan Polansky (talk) 09:55, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

 * For spellings, "proscribed" seems to be an uncommon descriptor ( turns up almost nothing), and a label like "often deemed incorrect" might be better. For describing words that have been proscribed/ condemned by linguistic authorities, "proscribed" seems to be the word that English uses . Especially in cases where authorities proscribe a word rather than only proscribing one sense (saying e.g. "this word [string of letters] shouldn't be used as a noun"), placing "often deemed incorrect" before a definition seems confusing, like it's a comment that the definition is incorrect, but then "well what is the correct definition"? "Criticized" and "condemned" seem liable to be misinterpreted as a comment on the referent of the term/sense when that referent is a person or thing or action (and when describing a spelling that is deemed incorrect, saying it is merely "criticized" seems too weak), though "condemned" might still work. "Controversial" doesn't convey the same sentiment as "proscribed": it's broader and weaker (in the US, whether to say a drink is soda or pop could be described as controversial, but I don't know that authorities recommend disusing either term or condemn either one as wrong), and it also seems likely to be misinterpreted (and then potentially misapplied to new entries) as saying the referent of the term/sense is controversial. - -sche (discuss) 17:17, 30 October 2016 (UTC)
 * For, when I click to the right, the last page where I can actually see the phrase is page 4. Not sure what is going on. One sentence that I see there multiple time is "... but that if they persisted in using the proscribed words they should be hanged. ..." - good idea.
 * Do authorities ever "proscribe" a word? That is, do they ever use the word "proscribe" to describe what they are doing? --Dan Polansky (talk) 18:42, 30 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Most prescriptive authorities don't admit to being prescriptivist, or at least would not use the word "prescriptive" or anything like that. So that's irrelevant. The real question is whether descriptivists ever use the word "proscribe" to describe something that a prescriptivist authority does. --WikiTiki89 14:15, 31 October 2016 (UTC)


text: glottalic airstreams

title: glottalic airstreams


text: Glover's towers

title: Glover's towers


text: glossy ibises

title: glossy ibises


text: glove sponges

title: glove sponges


text: Glovers

title: Glovers


text: glory peas

title: glory peas


text: gloriettes

title: gloriettes


text: Gloomy Guses

title: Gloomy Guses


text: glucagonemias

title: glucagonemias


text: glow-lamps

title: glow-lamps


text: glove puppets

title: glove puppets


text: glory trees

title: glory trees


text:
媒人

Noun

 * 1)  matchmaker

title: 媒人


text: selvpubliserer

title: selvpubliserer


text: glucotoxicities

title: glucotoxicities


text: glue-pots

title: glue-pots


text: glutamyltranspeptidases

title: glutamyltranspeptidases


text: glutamyls

title: glutamyls


text: glucocorticoid receptors

title: glucocorticoid receptors


text: glucosaminides

title: glucosaminides


text: glucosylations

title: glucosylations


text: glucosylases

title: glucosylases


text: glutamyltransferases

title: glutamyltransferases


text: glucagonomas

title: glucagonomas


text: gluconic acids

title: gluconic acids


text: glucopyranosyls

title: glucopyranosyls


text: glucosidations

title: glucosidations


text: glucosamides

title: glucosamides


text: selvpubliserte

title: selvpubliserte


text: glutinations

title: glutinations


text: glycerophosphoric acids

title: glycerophosphoric acids


text: glycerol rhizotomies

title: glycerol rhizotomies


text: glutathionylations

title: glutathionylations


text: glutinanes

title: glutinanes


text: glyco-amino-acids

title: glyco-amino-acids


text: glycerophosphoglycerols

title: glycerophosphoglycerols


text: glycaric acids

title: glycaric acids


text: GLWTs

title: GLWTs


text: glycerolphosphates

title: glycerolphosphates


text: glycoantigens

title: glycoantigens


text: selvpublisert

title: selvpublisert


text:
τάριχος

Etymology 1
According to Lagarde, borrowed from an 🇨🇬 predecessor of 🇨🇬, which would correspond to the famous export of salted Van fish from Armenia, but the borrowing is rather in the opposite direction because the Armenian term is late and sporadically used; besides the meaning appears more general in Greek. However it can still be of – according to Beekes  – origin and has been put together by Puhvel with the Homeric 🇨🇬 used for the Lycian last rites, , ,  and connected to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬; a mummy would be a dead-body preserved for or reserved for the gods.

Noun

 * 1) dead body preserved by embalming, mummy
 * 2) meat preserved by salting, pickling, drying,  smoking,  dried  smoked fish
 * 3)  a stockfish
 * 1)  a stockfish

Etymology 2
Conversion of the former.

title: τάριχος


text: 灵媒

title: 灵媒


text: goal judges

title: goal judges


text: glycoproteomes

title: glycoproteomes


text: goallines

title: goallines


text: glycol nucleic acids

title: glycol nucleic acids


text: gnomonic projections

title: gnomonic projections


text: gnaffs

title: gnaffs


text: goal attacks

title: goal attacks


text: glycosidic bonds

title: glycosidic bonds


text: glycyrrhizinates

title: glycyrrhizinates


text: glycolithocholates

title: glycolithocholates


text: glycocalices

title: glycocalices


text: goal sucks

title: goal sucks


text: goal shooters

title: goal shooters


text: go-shows

title: go-shows


text: glycolipidoses

title: glycolipidoses


text: gnathostegites

title: gnathostegites


text: goat-ropes

title: goat-ropes


text: glycosynthases

title: glycosynthases


text: Glys

title: Glys


text: glyptosternoids

title: glyptosternoids


text: go-aheads

title: go-aheads


text: glycyrrhizas

title: glycyrrhizas


text: glycosidic acids

title: glycosidic acids


text: goat cheeses

title: goat cheeses


text: glycofractions

title: glycofractions


text: glycosulfatases

title: glycosulfatases


text: goat figs

title: goat figs


text: glycopeptidomimetics

title: glycopeptidomimetics


text: goal averages

title: goal averages


text: glycophosphoinositols

title: glycophosphoinositols


text: glycosyl-amino-acids

title: glycosyl-amino-acids


text: glyconic acids

title: glyconic acids


text:
τάριχον

Etymology 1
A collateral form of.

Etymology 2
A declined form of.

Etymology 3
Declined forms of.

title: τάριχον


text: goat moths

title: goat moths


text: glycolipidomes

title: glycolipidomes


text: glycodelins

title: glycodelins


text: glycohydrolyses

title: glycohydrolyses


text: go-fast boats

title: go-fast boats


text: goal kicks

title: goal kicks


text: gnomeries

title: gnomeries


text: Gnats

title: Gnats


text: glycuronic acids

title: glycuronic acids


text: glycodeoxycholates

title: glycodeoxycholates


text: glypiations

title: glypiations


text: glycosulphatases

title: glycosulphatases


text: goal cages

title: goal cages


text: goal celebrations

title: goal celebrations


text: goat-antelopes

title: goat-antelopes


text: goad sticks

title: goad sticks


text: GMGs

title: GMGs


text: gnat-strainers

title: gnat-strainers


text: gobstopper trees

title: gobstopper trees


text: Gödel numbers

title: Gödel numbers


text: gob-sticks

title: gob-sticks


text: god kings

title: god kings


text: gob sticks

title: gob sticks


text: godzillions

title: godzillions


text: gobblygooks

title: gobblygooks


text: gob irons

title: gob irons


text: goat's-beards

title: goat's-beards


text: Gobannians

title: Gobannians


text: Godoberis

title: Godoberis


text: God's acres

title: God's acres


text: goddess-queens

title: goddess-queens


text: gob-strings

title: gob-strings


text:
πάρεγγυς

Adverb

 * 1) near at hand, close by
 * 2)  near
 * 3) nearly alike
 * 1) nearly alike
 * 1) nearly alike
 * 1) nearly alike

title: πάρεγγυς


text:
мрія

Etymology
Derived from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) dream product of the imagination, fantasy, aspiration
 * 2) daydream
 * 1) daydream
 * 1) daydream

Usage notes
мрі́я denotes a figment of the imagination such as a fantasy of a desired future or alternative reality, whereas  denotes the involuntary manifestation of scenes in the mind during sleep.

title: мрія


text: 毛毡苔

title: 毛毡苔


text:
User:Srikakulapu Naga babu

Srikakulapu Nagababu (born 10 May 1994) is a poet, widely regarded as the  good poet of all time. He took up poetry at the age of 16, and he is came from middle class family.His parents Satti babu and Ramanamma.He have one younger sister.her name Rajya lakshmi. He faced so many problems in his childish and very talented kid.

title: User:Srikakulapu Naga babu


text:
станція

Noun

 * 1) station

title: станція


text:
ситуація

Noun

 * 1) situation

title: ситуація


text:
數珠

Noun

 * 1)  prayer beads; rosary

title: 數珠


text:
лікарня

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) hospital

title: лікарня


text: どくしょ

title: どくしょ


text: dokusho

title: dokusho


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/ńoma

Etymology
Janhunen (1981) suggests derivation as from. Possibly some way related to.

All reflexes outside Samoyedic indicate a further suffixed form.

Noun

 * 1) hare

Descendants

From :
 * Ugric:
 * Permic:
 * Komi:
 * Komi:

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/ńoma


text:
дивізія

Noun

 * 1)  division

title: дивізія


text:
поліція

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) police

title: поліція


text:
kašeľ

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) cough

title: kašeľ


text:
організація

Etymology
. . Cognates with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬

Noun

 * 1) organization

title: організація


text: doraibu

title: doraibu


text:
さんかくじょうぎ

Noun

 * 1)  set square

title: さんかくじょうぎ


text:
господиня

Noun

 * 1) landlady
 * 2) hostess

title: господиня


text: sankaku jōgi

title: sankaku jōgi


text: boranchi

title: boranchi


text:
revmatisk

Adjective

 * 1) rheumatic

Adjective

 * 1) rheumatic

title: revmatisk


text:
вітальня

Noun

 * 1) living room

title: вітальня


text: Category:uk:Rooms

title: Category:uk:Rooms


text: Category:urj-pro:Lagomorphs

title: Category:urj-pro:Lagomorphs


text:
ofertogennes

Noun

 * 1) the condition of being covered; obstruction; obfuscation
 * 2) * 1921, Joseph Bosworth & Thomas Northcote Toller, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, German Lexicon Project.

title: ofertogennes


text: konpyūtā uirusu

title: konpyūtā uirusu


text:
рація

Etymology 1
Borrowed from, from , which is connected to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) reason, ground, cause, motive
 * 2)  salutatory, speech of greeting
 * 1)  salutatory, speech of greeting

Etymology 2
.

Noun

 * 1) walkie-talkie

title: рація


text:
oferteon

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to draw one thing over another
 * 2) * 1921, Joseph Bosworth & Thomas Northcote Toller, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, German Lexicon Project.
 * 3) to cover by drawing one thing over another; to eclipse; to obscure
 * 4) * 1921, Joseph Bosworth & Thomas Northcote Toller, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, German Lexicon Project.
 * 5) to bring to an end; to end, conclude
 * 1) to bring to an end; to end, conclude
 * 1) to bring to an end; to end, conclude
 * 1) to bring to an end; to end, conclude
 * 1) to bring to an end; to end, conclude

title: oferteon


text:
השתנה

Etymology 1
Compare 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to change, become different

Noun

 * 1) urination

title: השתנה


text:
енергія

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) energy

title: енергія


text: revmatiske

title: revmatiske


text:
User talk:Srikakulapu Naga babu

I want to talk all the people.and stay with kids

title: User talk:Srikakulapu Naga babu


text:
Guilliermond

Proper noun

 * 1)  — famously held by:
 * 2) André Alexandre Guilliermond (1812–1890), pharmacist and inventor of the cachet (a kind of pharmaceutical capsule with a solid shell consisting of starch mass)
 * 3) Marie Antoine Alexandre Guilliermond (1876–1945), French botanist

title: Guilliermond


text:
молодиця

Noun

 * 1) young married woman

title: молодиця


text: guillermondi

title: guillermondi


text: guilliermondi

title: guilliermondi


text:
спідниця

Noun

 * 1) skirt

title: спідниця


text:
сукня

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc., as well as 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  dress

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, etc., as well as 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) dress

title: сукня


text:
лекція

Noun

 * 1) lecture

title: лекція


text: λευκομέλας

title: λευκομέλας


text:
Jack Dempsey

Etymology
Named after the American boxing champion (1895–1983), because of its aggressive nature and strong facial features.

Noun

 * , a cichlid fish Native to Mexico and Honduras, but widely kept in aquaria and introduced elsewhere in the wild.

title: Jack Dempsey


text: Jack Dempseys

title: Jack Dempseys


text:
poogh

Noun

 * 1) wasp insect

title: poogh


text:
drømmeverden

Etymology
From 🇰🇲.

Noun

 * 1) dreamworld

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a dreamworld

title: drømmeverden


text:
sack off

Verb

 * 1)  To, to , to , to  relations with.
 * 2)  To  from.

title: sack off


text: sacks off

title: sacks off


text: sacking off

title: sacking off


text: sacked off

title: sacked off


text:
deleitoso

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) delightful

title: deleitoso


text:
خربان

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) defective, broken-down

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) broken-down
 * 2) defective

Etymology
From. .

Adjective

 * 1) broken, damaged, spoiled, out of order

title: خربان


text:
Talk:ambaxtos

x
Is this really attested with x? —CodeCat 22:28, 21 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The x is attested in the form, which you can find on page 191 in Lambert (2007). I was wondering, why is it found it and not in . --Victar (talk) 22:56, 21 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The -tus ending suggests an adaptation to Latin, rather than a native Gaulish speaker writing their language. Though the use of x is rather un-Latin. —CodeCat 23:13, 21 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Right, the fully Latinized form would have been . We also have the form to boot. --Victar (talk) 23:41, 21 October 2016 (UTC)

Lambert (2007) and Delamarre (2003) mention ambaxtus and ambactus, which indeed might be (partly) latinized. I can find neither "ambaxtos" or "ambaktos". Delamarre (p. 40) lemmatizes it as "ambactos", but he doesn't discuss in the introduction on what basis he chose lemma forms. As for wiktionary, ambaxtos does seem the expected form, but it's not attested, nor is an inflected form of it, so shouldn't we have *ambaxtos? How do we lemmatize Gaulish? —Caoimhin ceallach (talk) 13:04, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
 * The form ambaktos is cited by Matasovic as being a quote from Festus, but the quote is “ambactus apud ennium lingus gallica servus dicitur”, so clearly his own lemmatization. I would support this entry being moved to a reconstruction, as it's only attested in Latin texts. --  18:27, 19 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I have no objection to its being moved to Reconstruction space. —Mahāgaja · talk 18:32, 19 May 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:ambaxtos


text:
資中

Etymology
A variant of its imperial Chinese name.

title: 資中


text: Zīzhōng

title: Zīzhōng


text: 乳晕

title: 乳晕


text:
乳暈

Noun

 * 1)  areola pigmented circle around the nipple

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  an areola

title: 乳暈


text:
增速

Verb

 * 1) to accelerate; to increase speed

Noun

 * 1) rate of increase; growth rate

title: 增速


text: 资中

title: 资中


text: 年龄组

title: 年龄组


text:
年齡組

Noun

 * 1) age group

title: 年齡組


text: 先兆子痫

title: 先兆子痫


text: drømmeverdenen

title: drømmeverdenen


text:
先兆子癇

Noun

 * 1)  preeclampsia

title: 先兆子癇


text:
βλαπτικός

Etymology
From, the stem of , +.

Adjective

 * 1) Hurtful, mischievous
 * 2) Harmful
 * 1) Harmful
 * 1) Harmful

title: βλαπτικός


text:
蛋白尿

Noun

 * 1)  proteinuria

title: 蛋白尿


text: drømmeverdener

title: drømmeverdener


text: 灾难性

title: 灾难性


text:
災難性

Adjective

 * 1)  catastrophic; disastrous

title: 災難性


text:
患病率

Noun

 * 1)  prevalence of a disease

title: 患病率


text: Template:list:Gregorian calendar months/ms


text:
中位

Adjective

 * 1)  median

title: 中位


text: drømmeverdenene

title: drømmeverdenene


text: 食管癌

title: 食管癌


text: 宿命论

title: 宿命论


text:
宿命論

Noun

 * 1) fatalism; predestination

Noun

 * 1) fatalism; predestination

title: 宿命論


text: 筛查

title: 筛查


text:
Knuth-Bendix completion algorithm

Etymology
Named after and Peter Bendix.

Proper noun

 * 1)  A semidecision algorithm for transforming a set of equations (over terms) into a confluent term rewriting system.

title: Knuth-Bendix completion algorithm


text: Category:fo:Planets of the Solar System

title: Category:fo:Planets of the Solar System


text: Category:fo:Planets

title: Category:fo:Planets


text:
there must be something in the water

Phrase

 * 1)  There are so many instances of something unusual, such as in people's behavior, that there must be a common cause.

title: there must be something in the water


text:
Template:R:Janhunen 1981

Janhunen, Juha. 1981. "Uralilaisen kantakielen sanastosta" ('On the Vocabulary of the Uralic Proto-Language'). Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 77, pp. 219–274.

title: Template:R:Janhunen 1981


text:
篩查

Verb

 * 1) to check on or investigate
 * 2)  to screen; to test for a disease when asymptomatic

title: 篩查


text:
生存率

Noun

 * 1)  survival rate

title: 生存率


text: uvalas

title: uvalas


text:
بيالة

Etymology
, itself from.

Noun

 * 1) a small glass cup, usually used for tea.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a small glass cup, usually used for tea.

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a small glass cup, usually used for tea.

title: بيالة


text: 活检

title: 活检


text:
活檢

Verb

 * 1)  to biopsy

title: 活檢


text:
靶向

Adjective

 * 1)  targeted

title: 靶向


text:
分級

Verb

 * 1) to grade; to classify

title: 分級


text: Template:list:planets of the Solar System/fo


text: 分级

title: 分级


text:
unsubmit

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To  (a ); to withdraw from consideration.

title: unsubmit


text: unsubmits

title: unsubmits


text:
forþteon

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to lead forth
 * 2) * Gecyndbōc, Wikisource
 * 3) make known, discover
 * 4) betray, render up
 * 1) betray, render up

title: forþteon


text:
可比性

Noun

 * 1) comparability

title: 可比性


text:
hallaloo

Noun

 * 1) An outcry or uproar; a hullabaloo.

title: hallaloo


text: hallaloos

title: hallaloos


text:
生長因子

Noun

 * 1)  growth factor

title: 生長因子


text: 生长因子

title: 生长因子


text:
Semiticism

Etymology
From.

title: Semiticism


text: Semiticisms

title: Semiticisms


text: 长门

title: 长门


text: 长针

title: 长针


text:
易感性

Noun

 * 1)  susceptibility to a disease

title: 易感性


text:
前哨

Noun

 * 1) outpost; advanced post
 * 2)  frontline

Noun

 * 1)  frontline

title: 前哨


text:
mésaise

Etymology
From, from. The change from feminine in Old French to masculine in French is unexplained, especially as has remained feminine, but may be due to influence from.

Noun

 * 1)  discomfort; unease

title: mésaise


text:
Homerican

Adjective

 * 1)  Homeric

title: Homerican


text:
保乳

Verb

 * 1)  to conserve the breast; to retain (normal) breast

title: 保乳


text: cobler

title: cobler


text: coblers

title: coblers


text:
sowgelder

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  One who spays sows.

title: sowgelder


text: sowgelders

title: sowgelders


text:
單抗

Noun

 * 1)  monoclonal antibody

title: 單抗


text: 单抗

title: 单抗


text:
足月

Verb

 * 1) to carry a foetus to full term

title: 足月


text:
protoviral

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to a protovirus.

title: protoviral


text:
protovirus

Noun

 * 1)  A DNA sequence capable of mutating into an oncogenic virus, proposed as a hypothesis to explain the origin of ribodeoxyviruses as arising from normal cellular components.

Related terms

 * protoviral

title: protovirus


text: protoviruses

title: protoviruses


text: ribodeoxyviruses

title: ribodeoxyviruses


text:
불치병

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) incurable disease, fatal illness

title: 불치병


text: goings-over

title: goings-over


text: going rates

title: going rates


text: goings over

title: goings over


text: going overs

title: going overs


text: going-tos

title: going-tos


text: going concerns

title: going concerns


text: going-overs

title: going-overs


text: going away dresses

title: going away dresses


text:
自流井

Noun

 * 1) artesian well

Proper noun

 * 1)   district in Zigong, Sichuan province, China
 * 2)  Ziliujing the county seat, now identical to the district itself

title: 自流井


text: Zìliújǐng

title: Zìliújǐng


text: golden chains

title: golden chains


text: golden shower trees

title: golden shower trees


text: gold star wives

title: gold star wives


text: Gold Stars

title: Gold Stars


text: gold ochres

title: gold ochres


text: golden sombreros

title: golden sombreros


text: golden raisins

title: golden raisins


text: gold-copper ores

title: gold-copper ores


text: golden slams

title: golden slams


text: gold star parents

title: gold star parents


text: gold fevers

title: gold fevers


text: golden-crested wrens

title: golden-crested wrens


text: golden numbers

title: golden numbers


text: golden touches

title: golden touches


text: goldband lilies

title: goldband lilies


text: golden tickets

title: golden tickets


text: gold stars

title: gold stars


text: gold fingers

title: gold fingers


text: golden anniversaries

title: golden anniversaries


text: golden orioles

title: golden orioles


text: gold star mothers

title: gold star mothers


text: gold star families

title: gold star families


text: golden handshakes

title: golden handshakes


text:
蓉城

Etymology
From the hibiscus planted upon and around the old city walls in the 10th century.

Proper noun

 * 1)  "Hibiscus City", a nickname of Chengdu, Sichuan.

title: 蓉城


text: golden jackals

title: golden jackals


text: gold star fathers

title: gold star fathers


text: golden calves

title: golden calves


text: gold records

title: gold records


text: Goldberg-Hogness boxes

title: Goldberg-Hogness boxes


text: Róngchéng

title: Róngchéng


text: 锦城

title: 锦城


text:
錦城

Etymology
A contraction of the earlier, from a Han-era office instituted to oversee the quality and supply of the city's then-popular brocade.

Proper noun

 * 1)  "Brocade City", a nickname of Chengdu, Sichuan

title: 錦城


text: Jǐnchéng

title: Jǐnchéng


text: goo balls

title: goo balls


text: gondwanatherians

title: gondwanatherians


text: gonorrhœas

title: gonorrhœas


text: gonges

title: gonges


text: golls

title: golls


text: Goliath beetles

title: Goliath beetles


text: goliath frogs

title: goliath frogs


text: goldfish bowls

title: goldfish bowls


text: goldenrod trees

title: goldenrod trees


text: gonioprisms

title: gonioprisms


text: gonopores

title: gonopores


text: Goliath birdeaters

title: Goliath birdeaters


text: gonocoxopodites

title: gonocoxopodites


text: goneys

title: goneys


text: 锦官城

title: 锦官城


text: 众志成城

title: 众志成城


text:
錦官城

Etymology
From a Han-era office instituted to oversee the quality and supply of the city's then-popular brocade.

Proper noun

 * 1)  "City of the Brocade Official", a former nickname of Chengdu, Sichuan.

title: 錦官城


text: Jǐnguānchéng

title: Jǐnguānchéng


text: 龟城

title: 龟城


text:
龜城

Etymology
“Chengdu”: Variously derived from a turtle or turtle tracks involved at the founding of the city or from the turtle-like shape of the old city walls.

title: 龜城


text: Guīchéng

title: Guīchéng


text: Good Things

title: Good Things


text: goober beans

title: goober beans


text: good time girls

title: good time girls


text: good drunks

title: good drunks


text: good legs

title: good legs


text: good eggs

title: good eggs


text: goober-grabblers

title: goober-grabblers


text: good sports

title: good sports


text: goodfellas

title: goodfellas


text: goodtime girls

title: goodtime girls


text: goods wagons

title: goods wagons


text: Xījīng

title: Xījīng


text: good humors

title: good humors


text: good licks

title: good licks


text: good-time girls

title: good-time girls


text: goods vans

title: goods vans


text: good humours

title: good humours


text: good-time Charlies

title: good-time Charlies


text: good houses

title: good houses


text: gorks

title: gorks


text: gopis

title: gopis


text: goon sticks

title: goon sticks


text: Gordon setters

title: Gordon setters


text: goshas

title: goshas


text: gorillas in the room

title: gorillas in the room


text: goon-sticks

title: goon-sticks


text: gorge circles

title: gorge circles


text: Goodyear welts

title: Goodyear welts


text: gorking

title: gorking


text: gopher tortoises

title: gopher tortoises


text: gorge hooks

title: gorge hooks


text: Gorevans

title: Gorevans


text: goof-offs

title: goof-offs


text: goose-pens

title: goose-pens


text: Gospel truths

title: Gospel truths


text: gospel truths

title: gospel truths


text: Gothic doubles

title: Gothic doubles


text: Gotcha Days

title: Gotcha Days


text: gospells

title: gospells


text: gossip-mills

title: gossip-mills


text: Gossages

title: Gossages


text: GOTOs

title: GOTOs


text: governaunces

title: governaunces


text: governeresses

title: governeresses


text: Gould-Jacobs reactions

title: Gould-Jacobs reactions


text: gouvernours

title: gouvernours


text: gouvernors

title: gouvernors


text: Gould's jewelfronts

title: Gould's jewelfronts


text: govermints

title: govermints


text: Gould's razor shells

title: Gould's razor shells


text: gov'ts

title: gov'ts


text: кишені

title: кишені


text: кишеню

title: кишеню


text: кишенею

title: кишенею


text: кишене

title: кишене


text: кишень

title: кишень


text: кишеням

title: кишеням


text: кишенями

title: кишенями


text: кишенях

title: кишенях


text: govvies

title: govvies


text: лабораторії

title: лабораторії


text: лабораторію

title: лабораторію


text: лабораторією

title: лабораторією


text: лабораторіє

title: лабораторіє


text: лабораторій

title: лабораторій


text: лабораторіям

title: лабораторіям


text: лабораторіями

title: лабораторіями


text: лабораторіях

title: лабораторіях


text: таємниці

title: таємниці


text: таємницю

title: таємницю


text: таємницею

title: таємницею


text: таємнице

title: таємнице


text: таємниць

title: таємниць


text: таємницям

title: таємницям


text: таємницями

title: таємницями


text: таємницях

title: таємницях


text: мрії

title: мрії


text: мрію

title: мрію


text: мрією

title: мрією


text: мріє

title: мріє


text: мрій

title: мрій


text: мріям

title: мріям


text: мріями

title: мріями


text: мріях

title: мріях


text: gradable antonyms

title: gradable antonyms


text: grand fromages

title: grand fromages


text: graduation marks

title: graduation marks


text: government wharves

title: government wharves


text: grand uncles

title: grand uncles


text: станції

title: станції


text: gram molecules

title: gram molecules


text: granary weevils

title: granary weevils


text: governourships

title: governourships


text: grand chops

title: grand chops


text: станцію

title: станцію


text: grand-uncles

title: grand-uncles


text: gram atoms

title: gram atoms


text: grand means

title: grand means


text: graduate theses

title: graduate theses


text: станцією

title: станцією


text: goves

title: goves


text: grand salamis

title: grand salamis


text: GPSes

title: GPSes


text: станціє

title: станціє


text: governoresses

title: governoresses


text: grand-aunts

title: grand-aunts


text: Gozitans

title: Gozitans


text: станцій

title: станцій


text: grand unification theories

title: grand unification theories


text: grandes passions

title: grandes passions


text: government wharfs

title: government wharfs


text: станціям

title: станціям


text: graduate taxes

title: graduate taxes


text: grand princes

title: grand princes


text: graffiti bombers

title: graffiti bombers


text: grain whiskies

title: grain whiskies


text: станціями

title: станціями


text: grand openings

title: grand openings


text: gracers

title: gracers


text: Grand Muftis

title: Grand Muftis


text: grand Cs

title: grand Cs


text: grand theories

title: grand theories


text: grammatical alternations

title: grammatical alternations


text: gowdies

title: gowdies


text: grace periods

title: grace periods


text: станціях

title: станціях


text: grand dukedoms

title: grand dukedoms


text: gradees

title: gradees


text: grandalas

title: grandalas


text: grace-cups

title: grace-cups


text: grand priors

title: grand priors


text: Grand Tours

title: Grand Tours


text: gradient winds

title: gradient winds


text: grand prizes

title: grand prizes


text: Grand Inquisitors

title: Grand Inquisitors


text:
βρε

Etymology
, developed phonetically, from, from , the vocative form of. . See. Or,, from (Turkish ), itself taken from the same Greek root.

Interjection

 * 1)  hey, eh, dude
 * 2)  hey, oi, you
 * 3)  jeez, gosh, yikes, my, what
 * 1)  hey, oi, you
 * 2)  jeez, gosh, yikes, my, what
 * 1)  jeez, gosh, yikes, my, what
 * 1)  jeez, gosh, yikes, my, what

title: βρε


text:
ELSPA

Proper noun

 * 1) Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association; formerly, European Leisure Software Publishers Association.

title: ELSPA


text: ситуації

title: ситуації


text: ситуацію

title: ситуацію


text: ситуацією

title: ситуацією


text: ситуаціє

title: ситуаціє


text: ситуацій

title: ситуацій


text: ситуаціям

title: ситуаціям


text: ситуаціями

title: ситуаціями


text: ситуаціях

title: ситуаціях


text:
deskercise

Noun

 * 1) Desk exercise; the performance of exercises at a desk as a means of promoting health and fitness.
 * 2) * 2002 McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine.
 * deskercise Exercises performed while seated at the workplace
 * deskercise Exercises performed while seated at the workplace

title: deskercise


text: лікарні

title: лікарні


text: лікарню

title: лікарню


text: лікарнею

title: лікарнею


text: лікарне

title: лікарне


text: лікарень

title: лікарень


text: лікарням

title: лікарням


text: лікарнями

title: лікарнями


text: лікарнях

title: лікарнях


text: дивізії

title: дивізії


text: дивізію

title: дивізію


text:
airp

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) harpy a fabulous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having the face of a woman and the body of a vulture

title: airp


text: дивізією

title: дивізією


text: дивізіє

title: дивізіє


text: дивізій

title: дивізій


text: дивізіям

title: дивізіям


text: дивізіями

title: дивізіями


text: дивізіях

title: дивізіях


text: поліції

title: поліції


text: поліцію

title: поліцію


text: поліцією

title: поліцією


text: поліціє

title: поліціє


text: поліцій

title: поліцій


text: поліціям

title: поліціям


text: поліціями

title: поліціями


text: поліціях

title: поліціях


text: організації

title: організації


text: організацію

title: організацію


text: організацією

title: організацією


text: організаціє

title: організаціє


text: організацій

title: організацій


text: організаціям

title: організаціям


text: організаціями

title: організаціями


text: організаціях

title: організаціях


text: airthinneach

title: airthinneach


text:
aithrinneach

Adjective

 * 1) sharp, severe

title: aithrinneach


text: Category:csb:Latin letter names

title: Category:csb:Latin letter names


text: Category:csb:Letter names

title: Category:csb:Letter names


text: Category:csb:Letters, symbols, and punctuation


text: Template:list:Latin script letter names/csb


text: господині

title: господині


text: господиню

title: господиню


text: господинею

title: господинею


text: господинь

title: господинь


text: господиням

title: господиням


text: господинями

title: господинями


text: господинях

title: господинях


text: вітальні

title: вітальні


text: airthe

title: airthe


text: вітальню

title: вітальню


text: вітальнею

title: вітальнею


text: вітальне

title: вітальне


text: віталень

title: віталень


text: вітальням

title: вітальням


text: вітальнями

title: вітальнями


text: вітальнях

title: вітальнях


text: μωρού

title: μωρού


text: airnimint

title: airnimint


text: μωρά

title: μωρά


text: μωρών

title: μωρών


text: рації

title: рації


text: рацію

title: рацію


text: рацією

title: рацією


text: раціє

title: раціє


text: рацій

title: рацій


text: раціям

title: раціям


text: раціями

title: раціями


text: раціях

title: раціях


text: енергії

title: енергії


text: енергію

title: енергію


text: енергією

title: енергією


text: енергіє

title: енергіє


text: енергій

title: енергій


text: μωροί

title: μωροί


text: енергіям

title: енергіям


text:
αἰτιατική

Etymology
See.

Noun

 * 1)  The accusative case –

title: αἰτιατική


text: енергіями

title: енергіями


text:
μωρή

Interjection

 * 1)  you

title: μωρή


text: енергіях

title: енергіях


text: μωρής

title: μωρής


text: μωρούς

title: μωρούς


text: μωρές

title: μωρές


text:
de ghréas

Etymology
From, from (see ).

Phrase

 * 1)  habitually, continually, perpetually

title: de ghréas


text:
μωρέ

Etymology 1
Inflectional form.

Etymology 2
, from, already used as interjection in Hellenistic , vocative singular of , initially as " !", often in Aristophanes, vocative of form. Also see the vernacular. For the mediaeval forms, , , see Etymology at the modern.

The interjection seems to be etymologically identical to the vocative adjective, from, via the semantic shift “fool” → “buddy, mate, man” (paralleled, for example, by AAVE and Latin American ). Likely a, which may be clippings from the same original word. As similar interjections are found across the Balkan sprachbund (cf. 🇨🇬 and ), this has led some linguists to speculate about 🇨🇬 origin, but the more popular assumption is that all are eventually from Greek.

Interjection

 * 1)  you, dude, mate
 * 2)  hey, jeez, gosh, yikes, oh my
 * 1)  hey, jeez, gosh, yikes, oh my
 * 1)  hey, jeez, gosh, yikes, oh my

title: μωρέ


text:
gréasta

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) ornamented, embroidered, patterned

title: gréasta


text:
ontang-anting

Adjective

 * 1) without relatives (of a child)
 * 2) without siblings (of a child)

title: ontang-anting


text:
gréasaigh

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1)  ornament, embroider; decorate with pattern

title: gréasaigh


text: grasshopper warblers

title: grasshopper warblers


text: graph antiholes

title: graph antiholes


text: great cormorants

title: great cormorants


text: great bustards

title: great bustards


text: grapeseed oils

title: grapeseed oils


text: great rhombicuboctahedrons

title: great rhombicuboctahedrons


text: great-tits

title: great-tits


text: great laurels

title: great laurels


text: granny chasers

title: granny chasers


text: graveyard watches

title: graveyard watches


text: gravesteads

title: gravesteads


text: gravedances

title: gravedances


text: great guns

title: great guns


text: grape-stones

title: grape-stones


text: great grey owls

title: great grey owls


text: grass-greens

title: grass-greens


text: gravelometers

title: gravelometers


text: Great Seals

title: Great Seals


text: grandsons-in-law

title: grandsons-in-law


text: grantours

title: grantours


text: granule cells

title: granule cells


text: grant-backs

title: grant-backs


text: great blue lobelias

title: great blue lobelias


text: great-nieces

title: great-nieces


text: graven images

title: graven images


text: grave robbers

title: grave robbers


text: grant-forwards

title: grant-forwards


text: gravicembalos

title: gravicembalos


text: granola-heads

title: granola-heads


text: Great Turks

title: Great Turks


text: Gravel Gerties

title: Gravel Gerties


text: grands fromages

title: grands fromages


text:
grape smugglers

Etymology
Humorously suggesting that the bulges are the result of grapes hidden inside the clothing.

Noun

 * 1)  Tight or skimpy swimwear worn by men revealing details of the genitalia.

title: grape smugglers


text: graph holes

title: graph holes


text: grass carps

title: grass carps


text: GRATs

title: GRATs


text: granny shots

title: granny shots


text: great grandmasters

title: great grandmasters


text: grass traps

title: grass traps


text: graveyard spirals

title: graveyard spirals


text: graph states

title: graph states


text: graphite fluorides

title: graphite fluorides


text: grape wines

title: grape wines


text: Great Years

title: Great Years


text:
anak ontang-anting

Noun

 * 1) only child

title: anak ontang-anting


text: graphene layers

title: graphene layers


text: grape juices

title: grape juices


text: granulocytopoieses

title: granulocytopoieses


text: great rooms

title: great rooms


text: great crests

title: great crests


text: gravisaurians

title: gravisaurians


text: grapple plants

title: grapple plants


text: granofiloseans

title: granofiloseans


text: great ramshorns

title: great ramshorns


text: granulation tissues

title: granulation tissues


text: graphing papers

title: graphing papers


text: graveteiros

title: graveteiros


text: grandfathers-in-law

title: grandfathers-in-law


text: great martyrs

title: great martyrs


text: greataunts

title: greataunts


text:
User talk:Crishanmol

hlw everyone this is Manish Kumar namdev from badarpur ,new delhi, India email.gradiosanmol999@gmail.com' always carry your own attitude justify your self because you have to choose to live your path.....................!

title: User talk:Crishanmol


text:
senajan

Conjunction

 * 1) although

title: senajan


text:
σκάζω

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to limp

Etymology
, from, with [sx] > [sk]. See. From.

Verb

 * 1) to burst, explode,

title: σκάζω


text: greater prairie chickens

title: greater prairie chickens


text: Greater Antilleans

title: Greater Antilleans


text: greater bilbies

title: greater bilbies


text: greater celandines

title: greater celandines


text: greater multangulars

title: greater multangulars


text:
імперія

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) empire

title: імперія


text: greater yams

title: greater yams


text: green buildings

title: green buildings


text: green cormorants

title: green cormorants


text: green mustards

title: green mustards


text: Greek yogurts

title: Greek yogurts


text: Greek crosses

title: Greek crosses


text: green bags

title: green bags


text: green crops

title: green crops


text: green seas

title: green seas


text: green alders

title: green alders


text: Green Hornets

title: Green Hornets


text: green chains

title: green chains


text: greatuncles

title: greatuncles


text: green potatoes

title: green potatoes


text: green loopers

title: green loopers


text: green corridors

title: green corridors


text: green lanes

title: green lanes


text: green bodies

title: green bodies


text: green belts

title: green belts


text: green grams

title: green grams


text: green pigeons

title: green pigeons


text: green prawns

title: green prawns


text: green bulrushes

title: green bulrushes


text: green anacondas

title: green anacondas


text: green smoothies

title: green smoothies


text: green ormers

title: green ormers


text:
комедія

Noun

 * 1) comedy an amusing play
 * 2) comedy a humorous event
 * 3)  farce, play-acting the act of engaging in pretence or insincere behavior

title: комедія


text:
greeneyes

Noun

 * 1) A yellow flower of the genus

title: greeneyes


text: greenhouse slugs

title: greenhouse slugs


text: green-backed firecrowns

title: green-backed firecrowns


text: greenhouse cockpits

title: greenhouse cockpits


text: Green's functions

title: Green's functions


text: greeting cards

title: greeting cards


text: Greenwich Time Signals

title: Greenwich Time Signals


text: greenshirts

title: greenshirts


text: Grenadans

title: Grenadans


text: greetings cards

title: greetings cards


text: greenstick fractures

title: greenstick fractures


text: Gregg's mistflowers

title: Gregg's mistflowers


text:
емоція

Noun

 * 1) emotion

title: емоція


text:
σκάσε

Interjection

 * 1)  shut up, shut it, be quiet

title: σκάσε


text:
sanadyan

Conjunction

 * 1) although

title: sanadyan


text: grey eminences

title: grey eminences


text: grey jays

title: grey jays


text: grey alders

title: grey alders


text: grey-winged trumpeters

title: grey-winged trumpeters


text: grey whales

title: grey whales


text: grey red-backed voles

title: grey red-backed voles


text: grey nights

title: grey nights


text: grey zorros

title: grey zorros


text: grey plovers

title: grey plovers


text:
nadyan

Etymology
.

Conjunction

 * 1) although

title: nadyan


text:
шибениця

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) gallows

title: шибениця


text:
masiya

Conjunction

 * 1) although

title: masiya


text:
Talk:成都

This is probably more likely a transcription of a native non-Chinese word. From 成都:

 * 以上说法为温少峰（温少峰，试为“成都”得名进一解 社会科学研究 1981）和任乃強（任乃強，赞同《试为“成都”得名进一解》 社会科学研究 1981）所質疑. 他們認為，在蜀地有多处地方以“都”为名，例如成都、武都、新都、广都、邛都、徙|徙都、筰都，僅“成都”便有7個之多，其中的“都”不大可能均是“都市、大城市”之意，而可能是古蜀語地名的音譯. 《史記·西南夷列傳》記載，邛都、徙都、武都等，“皆氐类也”（《史記·西南夷列傳》：“西南夷君長以什數，夜郞最大；其西靡莫之屬以什數，滇最大；自滇以北君長以什數，邛都最大：此皆魋結，耕田，有邑聚. 其外西自同師以東，北至楪楡，名為嶲、昆明，皆編髮，隨畜遷徙，毋常處，毋君長，地方可數千里. 自嶲以東北，君長以什數，徙、筰都最大；自筰以東北，君長以什數，冄駹最大. 其俗或土箸，或移徙，在蜀之西. 自冄駹以東北，君長以什數，白馬最大，皆氐類也. 此皆巴蜀西南外蠻夷也. ”），意即這些“某都”式的地名，是“氐類”先民的語言所稱呼的地名. 《三國志·張嶷傳》：“又斬 斯都 耆帥李承之首”，稱“徙都”為“斯都”（上古音：徙 *selʔ，斯 *sle），表明“斯都”為音譯詞. 此“都”字在《史記》中寫為“榆”，見《史記·司馬相如傳》：“便略定西夷，邛、笮、冉、駹、 斯榆 之君皆請為內臣. ”又云：“朝冉，從駹，定笮，存邛，略 斯榆 ，举苞蒲，結軌還轅，東鄉將報，至於蜀都. ”“榆”與“都”二字上古音相近，榆 *ɬo < *lo，都 *tɬaː < *taː，亦證明“某都”式地名中的“都”為音譯. 温少峰（1981）認為“成都”一詞中的“都”在蜀語中為“地區、地方、地域”之意，而“成”是蜀人族稱，其義為“高原人”. 另请参考在羌語中“成都”一词的形式：（蒲溪話）、（雅都話），该词显然非汉语借词.

Wyang (talk) 02:26, 22 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:成都


text: mac airmis

title: mac airmis


text:
таця

Noun

 * 1) tray

Synonyms

 * піднос

title: таця


text:
anti-Semiticism

Etymology
From.

title: anti-Semiticism


text:
Semiticist

Etymology
From.

title: Semiticist


text: Semiticists

title: Semiticists


text:
立論

Verb

 * 1) to present an argument; to put forth a position; to provide reasoning

Noun

 * 1) argument; position; reasoning

title: 立論


text:
είπαν της γριάς να χέσει κι αυτή ξεκωλιάστηκε

Proverb
("They told the old woman to shit and she gave herself a (rectal) prolapse")

 * 1)  give someone an inch and they'll take a mile concerning those who make excesses


text: 立论

title: 立论


text: lìlùn

title: lìlùn


text:
каплиця

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) chapel

title: каплиця


text: anti-Semiticisms

title: anti-Semiticisms


text: χέσει

title: χέσει


text:
ari-ari

Noun

 * 1) placenta

title: ari-ari


text: ξεκωλιάστηκε

title: ξεκωλιάστηκε


text:
aruman

Noun

 * 1) tomorrow

Noun

 * 1)  afterbirth

title: aruman


text:
bingbing

Noun

 * 1)  afterbirth

Noun

 * 1) wasp

title: bingbing


text: fāngzhàng

title: fāngzhàng


text: fāngzhang

title: fāngzhang


text: quánshū

title: quánshū


text: bǎmèi

title: bǎmèi


text: fúbìng

title: fúbìng


text: zhènghòu

title: zhènghòu


text: imris

title: imris


text: wúbù

title: wúbù


text: gòubìng

title: gòubìng


text: imrisc

title: imrisc


text:
mac imrisc

Noun

 * 1)  pupil

title: mac imrisc


text:
Citations:swamp nigger

 * defs before "failing" RFV: 1) runaway black slave 2) native American

title: Citations:swamp nigger


text: niúmǎ

title: niúmǎ


text:
ngugemi

Verb

 * 1) to hold on to, to stick to

title: ngugemi


text: takes a leaf out of someone's book

title: takes a leaf out of someone's book


text: taking a leaf out of someone's book

title: taking a leaf out of someone's book


text: took a leaf out of someone's book

title: took a leaf out of someone's book


text: taken a leaf out of someone's book

title: taken a leaf out of someone's book


text:
imreasc

Noun

 * 1)  iris

Declension

 * Alternative declension

title: imreasc


text: shìzú

title: shìzú


text: takes a page out of someone's book

title: takes a page out of someone's book


text: taken a page out of someone's book

title: taken a page out of someone's book


text: taking a page out of someone's book

title: taking a page out of someone's book


text: took a page out of someone's book

title: took a page out of someone's book


text: duījī

title: duījī


text: diàndū

title: diàndū


text: take a page out of someone's playbook

title: take a page out of someone's playbook


text: takes a page out of someone's playbook

title: takes a page out of someone's playbook


text: taking a page out of someone's playbook

title: taking a page out of someone's playbook


text: took a page out of someone's playbook

title: took a page out of someone's playbook


text: taken a page out of someone's playbook

title: taken a page out of someone's playbook


text: rip a page out of someone's book

title: rip a page out of someone's book


text: rips a page out of someone's book

title: rips a page out of someone's book


text: ripping a page out of someone's book

title: ripping a page out of someone's book


text: ripped a page out of someone's book

title: ripped a page out of someone's book


text: rip a page out of someone's playbook

title: rip a page out of someone's playbook


text: rips a page out of someone's playbook

title: rips a page out of someone's playbook


text: ripping a page out of someone's playbook


text: ripped a page out of someone's playbook

title: ripped a page out of someone's playbook


text: gūlu

title: gūlu


text: 轂轆

title: 轂轆


text: 毂辘

title: 毂辘


text: 軲轤

title: 軲轤


text: 轱轳

title: 轱轳


text: qūtán

title: qūtán


text: sǎnyì

title: sǎnyì


text: shúzuì

title: shúzuì


text: lùnlǐ

title: lùnlǐ


text: xiāngwéi

title: xiāngwéi


text:
oirnimint

Etymology
From, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) ornament

title: oirnimint


text: zhèngjí

title: zhèngjí


text: fùjí

title: fùjí


text: jīngjìn

title: jīngjìn


text: wukkas

title: wukkas


text: fǎyī

title: fǎyī


text: yúnxiá

title: yúnxiá


text: diānkuáng

title: diānkuáng


text: yuǎnzhēng

title: yuǎnzhēng


text:
ornáid

Etymology
From, a late loan-word.

Noun

 * 1)  ornament element of decoration; musical flourish

title: ornáid