text:
Reconstruction talk:Proto-Dravidian/palacV

Why would Marathi have undergone spontaneous aspiration? Also, from the two sources I'm seeing (a Hindi-Hindi and Gujarati-Gujarati dictionary), they both claim descendency directly from Sanskrit. I wouldn't take it seriously but for the Prakrit forms provided: पुं० [सं० पनस, प्रा० फनस] कटहल and ''[सं. पनस, प्रा. फणस]'', respectively. I too think a Sanskrit derivation to be a little unlikely, but spontaneous initial aspiration is noted in the Prakrits (in an Introduction to Prakrit), but I'm not sure if it occurs in later periods. DerekWinters (talk) 02:01, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Interesting. You know, I had a lot of problems with placing the Marathi borrowing; I knew that the ultimate origin was Dravidian but was having difficulty determining what exact language it was borrowed from. Was it through Sanskrit via Dravidian or directly from Dravidian? I ultimately settled at the Gondi languages. Here's my conjecture:

 * TL;DR version: the actual PD word may have been with an initial *ph which was reflected in the initial /h/ of 🇨🇬 and the initial of the Indo-Aryan borrowings. 🇨🇬 may have been hypercorrected to give 🇨🇬. If this is true, we will have to move the page to *phalṇas

 * Detailed version:
 * I've noted that the aspirated consonant occurs in Indo-Aryan words borrowed from Dravidian; see 🇨🇬 which was borrowed from.
 * I'm now feeling that the initial consonant of is aspirated; because Kannada attests a descendant with an initial /h/ (🇨🇬). Hence perhaps the actual root was *phalṇas and was reflected only in Indo-Aryan borrowings and the Kannada initial /h/?? If that proves to be so, we'll have to move the entry.
 * I do not think 🇨🇬 comes from 🇨🇬 because 🇨🇬 does not yield 🇨🇬; also bear in mind the retroflex which I'm sure was borrowed. In fact, I now feel that it was the  other way round; 🇨🇬 was not even borrowed from Proto-Dravidian; I feel it was a hypercorrection of 🇨🇬 and introduced in Classical Sanskrit.
 * Telugu would've been the likeliest donor for 🇨🇬; however, there is no retroflex consonant in the Telugu descendant. On the other hand the Gondi languages have it and they are also geographically in contact with the Marathi speakers making the idea that Marathi may have borrowed from Gondi more likely. माधवपंडित (talk) 06:56, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

This still cannot explain how the Marathi word came to have a spontaneous initial aspiration when Gondi *paṇs did not have it; I would attempt to explain this by theorizing that Prakrit phaṇas was perhaps borrowed from an old Gondi dialect which had retained the /ph/. Being tribal languages, these are not very well documented or attested, so we cannot be sure of the initial consonant in even the modern Gondi-Kui languages, whether they're /ph/ or simply /p/. Adding to the confusion is the fact that languages influence each other, further making things a hopeless muddle. माधवपंडित (talk) 07:08, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

Oh, and great job finding the Middle Chinese borrowing माधवपंडित (talk) 07:27, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I thought Proto-Dravidian didn't have aspiration (and only infrequently have I noticed that South Indians can pronounce aspirated consonants). The process of Kannada developing /h/ from /p/ may follow a path similar to Japanese, although I know nothing of Kannada to be honest. Take a look at the etymology one for 火, 歯, and 葉 for example. DerekWinters (talk) 14:00, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * The Introduction to Prakrit makes the case that the pronunciation of stops in the Old/Middle Indic period was quite weak, leading to their frequent elision (or voicing too). Thus that would make sense for Indo-Aryan languages analyzing a simple unaspirated Dravidian stop as an aspirated one. It also states that there can be spontaneous aspiration, but as I'm checking it now, the example it gives for /p/ -> /ph/ is पनस -> फणस so that's quite unhelpful.
 * The retroflex ण is extremely productive (which is the best word I have for it) (alongside the ळ) is Marathi and Gujarati, in that words that didn't even have them before sometimes develop them spontaneously. Reading Gandhi's autobiography, there are a few words that don't use the ळ or ण then that use them now. Also, ण was a regular development in the Prakrits from Sanskrit न, so that may explain it's occurrence in Marathi.
 * I'm also 50% sure that the Telugu may have directly come from Sanskrit because Telugu is just like that.
 * Do you have any resources on the phonology of the Gondi languages, to see if their stops may or may not have been aspirated (at least partially).
 * I know that Old Marathi borrowed considerably from Old Kannada, but that only few Old Kannada loans made it through to the modern day. Thus, depending on the Old Kannada (and Old Marathi) forms, we might have a source. DerekWinters (talk) 14:00, 23 May 2017 (UTC).

 * I'm pretty sure the Old Kannada form was *palasu although it's very difficult to find documented and attested Old Kannada text on the internet, let alone the word for jackfruit. So Marathi (with a ) cannot be from a Tamil-Kannada language (all with a /la/ for the second syllable). Is it possible for a Prakrit to have borrowed the word from an old, unattested Dravidian dialect (presumably Gondi) and turned it into *phaṇas (whence 🇨🇬) and Classical Sanskrit later hypercorrected it to ? I'm theorizing a hypercorrection of a Prakrit word rather than a direct borrowing from Dravidian because of the in the Sanskrit form whereas the original Dravidian root had a retroflex /ṇ/. And Telugu borrowed from Sanskrit. I'm still having trouble understanding how  can give rise to New Indo-Aryan फणस; nowhere else does Sanskrit प become New Indo Aryan फ. This, added to the fact that the Marathi term "inherited" from Sanskrit would be closer to the ultimate origin than the Sanskrit word itself, makes me think that the direction of derivation was the opposite in this one, with Sanskrit taking from Prakrit (and Telugu subsequently borrowing it, just out of habit lol) and Marathi inheriting from Prakrit. माधवपंडित (talk) 14:39, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Hmm you're right, I overlooked that. From what I've seen of Sanskrit hypercorrections, it often involves an r and doesn't de-aspirate, but that's all I've seen. क्रमुक <- कमु(क) (areca nut), द्रविड <- दमिळ, कर्पास <- कपास, कर्पूर <- कपूर, विराल/विलाल <- बिडाल/बिलाल/बिराल, etc. It may have been the case here, but I'm inclined against it. I think it's decently possible that पनस could have been derived from a Dravidian source directly, but it would be helpful to know the earliest attestation and where it was attested. The possible path (that I am not really endorsing) that पनस could have taken to get फणस in Marathi would be पनस spontaneous aspiration of the प in any stage of development, and a regular shift from न to ण from Sanskrit to a Prakrit. This is extremely unlikely, but could be the case. DerekWinters (talk) 15:12, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Makes sense to me; I've made the changes and also mentioned alternative possible derivation routes. माधवपंडित (talk) 15:31, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Oh you did change it. I agreed with your original derivation from a Gondi language more though, but I guess we don't have a specific language to place it from? If you wish to switch it back I have no issues with that. DerekWinters (talk) 15:34, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * OK, if I were to place 🇨🇬 as borrowed from a Gondi dialect, where would I place Maharastri Prakrit & Sauraseni Prakrit terms? Would they be borrowed from Gondi or inherited from Sanskrit? I think Maharastri borrowed from Gondi (with Marathi inheriting from it) and Sauraseni inherited from Sanskrit. Let me know what you think about this and we can make those changes. माधवपंडित (talk) 15:41, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * So I just combed through the Old Marathi dictionary I shared with you, and found nothing for jackfruit or breadfruit sadly. The Maharashtri source that Woolner gives looks to me like a simple derivation from Sanskrit, whereas interestingly the Sauraseni he provides looks like a borrowing from a Dravidian source. Hmmm, maybe he got them flipped, but I'm not entirely sure ( can you help us out here with the Prakrit stuff?)
 * Also! One thing I noted in the dictionary: फरसु is the Old Marathi form of परशु (alongside परशु) and that is extremely interesting. They also have फासा, फांसा (c.f. Hindi फांसी) from Sanskrit पाश. Also, फूल is supposed to derive from पुल्ल through a Prakrit phulla. They also give a few other words from Sanskrit verbal roots but I'm not the most convinced (check them out yourself, page 523 or something onwards is the whole फ section (it's pretty short)). So essentially, I'm even more confused now. DerekWinters (talk) 16:08, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * You're right this is confusing but it has cleared up that Skt. प can become New I.A फ. Now, with the word फणस or even पणस absent in the dictionary, one might think the word did not exist in Old Marathi with the 🇨🇬 being a later borrowing. All the same, Maharastri Prakrit had a term for it. Also, the M.Pkt term may well have been phaṇas and Woolner probably got Sauraseni and Maharastri mixed up. I think we better leave the Marathi term inherited from Sanskrit because, if we put it as borrowed from Gondi, we will have to account for the aspirated फ. माधवपंडित (talk) 16:44, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Also, thanks for help with the Tulu term. But I don't know if the Tulu term ಪೆಲ (pela) is attested on its own. Is there a way to show that only part of the term derived, and that the second is a common fruit suffix? DerekWinters (talk) 14:20, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * We can put the ಕಾಯಿ (kāyi) part in brackets like they do in English entries with partially inherited English terms माधवपंडित (talk) 14:39, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Something's just struck me: the Marathi term for breadfruit is नीरफणस with the नीर being from PD *nīr (water). So whatever language Marathi borrowed the term for "water jackfruit" from, it must also have borrowed jackfruit from. But I've been looking and no Dravidian daughters attest "nīrpaṇas". Some lost, unattested tribal dialect is the key to this, which probably donated both the terms. माधवपंडित (talk) 14:48, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * That is extremely interesting. No other North Indian language that I can find has a similar term, not even Gujarati, so I'm quite perplexed by it. It probably is some tribal language that gave it. DerekWinters (talk) 15:12, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

By the way, are you sure Maharastri Prakrit did not have the aspirated फ? Where did the Marathi फ come from then? माधवपंडित (talk) 14:54, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I have not seen the term attested myself and am just going off of what Woolner has listed (but he's pretty reliable I think). DerekWinters (talk) 15:12, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

 * does this help? It's Sanskrit paṇas, Sauraseni phaṇas, Ardhamagadhi phaṇas, Maharastri paṇas, Magadhi paṇaś. It's possible it was borrowed into Proto-Indo-Aryan, considering the wide geographical range and how the Prakrit descendants follow normal phonetic rules. I think the Dravidian was *palṇas. —Aryamanarora (मुझसे बात करो) 18:44, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * forgot to ping. —Aryamanarora (मुझसे बात करो) 18:45, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * That's actually very helpful. Thanks! DerekWinters (talk) 18:52, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much. This certainly clears up every confusion :) माधवपंडित (talk) 00:36, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

Krishnamurti presents *pal-acV/pan-acV that is kinda different from *palṇas. Can we use this instead? --Octahedron80 (talk) 15:30, 2 October 2019 (UTC)

Indo Aryan borrowings
what makes you think that Proto-Indo-Aryan borrowed from Proto-Dravidian? The present understanding is that PIA was spoken in a region much to the north of India, near Siberia. By the time the "Aryans" reached India, PIA was long gone with the Mittani-Aryan and Vedic Sanskrit dialects already formed. This one case could be the Prakrits borrowing from Sanskrit.
 * Also, with the argument being made that the Prakrits are all one language, couldn't a similar argument be made the vedic sanskrit, and its dialects (and perhaps even the classical sanskrit and its dialects when it was spoken natively) gave rise to the Prakrits? DerekWinters (talk) 19:11, 27 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Wouldn't the reach of Dravidian also be further north back then? Also, the resulting Prakrit reflexes (especially the p/ph distinction between dialects) reflects Old-Indo-Aryan origin. Perhaps it was borrowing from Vedic Sanskrit (which, really, is representative of Old-Indo-Aryan). I don't want to keep the Prakrit directly under Sanskrit though because that's also including Classical Sanskrit which was by no means the ancestor of Prakrit. —Aryamanarora (मुझसे बात करो) 03:11, 28 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I didn't write the first comment by the way. But then should we split Vedic and Classical Sanskrit? DerekWinters (talk) 03:44, 28 May 2017 (UTC)
 * No, that would be a bit too drastic. We should, though, try to verify this specific word's existence in the Vedic lexicon before moving the Prakrits under Sanskrit. —Aryamanarora (मुझसे बात करो) 03:59, 28 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Would it be that drastic though? I have no knowledge of their respective grammars, although I have heard that Vedic's was considerably different. Or we could at least make Vedic an etym-only language, and thus we could place the Prakrits under there. Because I would argue that Old Indo-Aryan would have to be subsumed under either the Vedic dialects (one language) or, as he mentioned, the Mittani-Aryan dialect (another language, possibly), and thus the Prakrits would have to derive from Vedic. But I also am not as well read on the Prakrits, PII, PIA, etc. as you are. DerekWinters (talk) 04:08, 28 May 2017 (UTC)

Reach of Dravidian was definitely further north but PD was probably spoken no further north than modern day Pakistan whereas Proto-Indo-Aryan was formed and spoken in Sintashta & Andronovo cultures which comes to southern Russia and upper Central Asia. Perhaps it was borrowed into Old Indo-Aryan (a group of closely related mutually understandable dialects). If the word does not appear in the Vedas, it can still mean that the word was lost from Vedic but survived in a parallel dialect and later on Panini "created" sanskrit by merging the vocabulary of Old Indo-Aryan dialects (thus standardizing it) and reintroduced the word in Sanskrit vocabulary.


text:
kool-aid

Noun

 * 1)  (unquestioned fad or ideology).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: kool-aid


text: Template:list:Latin script letters/yag

title: Template:list:Latin script letters/yag


text:
storm-ridden

Adjective

 * 1) Blown by a storm or storms; stormy.
 * 2) * 1963, (translator), What I Believe by  (1962), New York: Farrar, Straus & Co., Part IV, p. 47,
 * When one has passed through the storm-ridden sea and reached the harbor, it is unsuitable to preach to those who are still struggling or who have just begun to struggle.
 * 1) * 1963, (translator), What I Believe by  (1962), New York: Farrar, Straus & Co., Part IV, p. 47,
 * When one has passed through the storm-ridden sea and reached the harbor, it is unsuitable to preach to those who are still struggling or who have just begun to struggle.

title: storm-ridden


text:
khamsa wa ishirini

Etymology
From.

Numeral

 * 1)   twenty-five

title: khamsa wa ishirini


text:
ਟਪਕਣਾ

Verb

 * 1) to drip, to trickle, to dribble

title: ਟਪਕਣਾ


text: UMK

title: UMK


text: Δούναβη

title: Δούναβη


text: Δουνάβεως

title: Δουνάβεως


text:
lordur

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a strong cup of
 * 1) a strong cup of

title: lordur


text: Template:list:Latin script letters/yle

title: Template:list:Latin script letters/yle


text: żadnych

title: żadnych


text: Category:Requests concerning Kashubian

title: Category:Requests concerning Kashubian


text: Category:Requests concerning English

title: Category:Requests concerning English


text:
Citations:artifex

 * Plinius, Naturalis Historia, liber VIII. In: Pliny Natural History with an English translation in ten volumes Volume III Libri VIII–XI By H. Rackham, 1961, p. 104ff.:
 * postea elephantum iussit induci, haud alio magis spectaculo laetatus : horrentibus quippe villis per totum corpus ingenti primum latratu intonuit, mox ingruit adsultans contraque membra exurgens hinc et illinc artifici dimicatione, qua maxume opus esset infestans atque evitans, donec adsidua rotatum vertigine adflixit ad casum eius tellure concussa.

title: Citations:artifex


text:
rechtelijk

Etymology
From +.

title: rechtelijk


text:
τσαμπουκάς

Etymology
From, from , feminine singular of.

Noun

 * 1)  bullying behaviour, tough guy behaviour, toughness
 * 2)  bully, tough guy person who adopts the above behaviour, usually male
 * 3)  boldness, guts, daring, nerve, balls the courageousness to do something
 * 1)  bully, tough guy person who adopts the above behaviour, usually male
 * 2)  boldness, guts, daring, nerve, balls the courageousness to do something
 * 1)  boldness, guts, daring, nerve, balls the courageousness to do something
 * 1)  boldness, guts, daring, nerve, balls the courageousness to do something

title: τσαμπουκάς


text: τσαμπουκά

title: τσαμπουκά


text: τσαμπουκάδες

title: τσαμπουκάδες


text: τσαμπουκάδων

title: τσαμπουκάδων


text: Category:Requests concerning Ancient Greek


text: Category:Requests concerning A-Hmao

title: Category:Requests concerning A-Hmao


text:
Module:User:Victar/term cognates

local export = {}

function export.getCognates(lang, term) local page = mw.title.new(require("Module:links").getLinkPage(term, lang)) local content = page:getContent if not content then return "" end local _, index = mw.ustring.find(content, "\n==" .. lang:getCanonicalName .. "==", nil, true) if not index then _, index = mw.ustring.find(content, "^==" .. require("Module:utilities").pattern_escape(lang:getCanonicalName) .. "==", nil, false) end if not index then error("Language not found: " .. lang:getCanonicalName .. ".") end _, next_lang = mw.ustring.find(content, "\n==[^=\n]+==", index, false) _, index = mw.ustring.find(content, "\n(====?)Descendants%1", index, false) if (not index) or (next_lang and next_lang < index) then error("Cognates not found") end local cognates = mw.ustring.match(content, "^\*\s*\{{\w*\|(\w*\|\w*).*") cognates = mw.getCurrentFrame:preprocess(cognates) cognates = mw.text.trim(cognates) return cognates end

return export

title: Module:User:Victar/term cognates


text:
Duma

Etymology 1
Borrowed from, or.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Duma is the 38155th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 581 individuals. Duma is most common among White (78.31%) individuals.

Proper noun

 * 1) duma lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia

Etymology
..

Etymology
Diminutive of.

title: Duma


text:
Module:User:Victar/term cognates/templates

local export = {}

local m_languages = require("Module:languages")

function export.show(frame) local params = { [1] = {required = true, default = "gem-pro"}, [2] = {required = true, default = "*fuhsaz"}, }	local args if frame.args[1] then args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame.args, params) else args = require("Module:parameters").process(frame:getParent.args, params) end local lang = args[1] local term = args[2] lang = m_languages.getByCode(lang) or require("Module:etymology languages").getByCode(lang) or m_languages.err(lang, 1) local entryLang = require("Module:etymology").getFull(lang) if lang:getCode ~= entryLang:getCode then -- Special:WhatLinksHere/Wiktionary:Tracking/descendant/etymological require("Module:debug").track("descendant/etymological") require("Module:debug").track("descendant/etymological/" .. lang:getCode) end local cognates = require("Module:User:Victar/term cognates").getCognates(entryLang, term) return cognates end

return export


text: User:Victar/termcogn

title: User:Victar/termcogn


text:
ਠਾਕਣਾ

Verb

 * 1) to prohibit, forbid
 * 2) to prevent, forestall, preempt
 * 3) to betroth

title: ਠਾਕਣਾ


text:
tarkastuspiste

Noun

 * 1) checkpoint

title: tarkastuspiste


text:
Talk:recalcitrant

Is there a convenient word for someone who tries to be hyper-obedient as a perverse way to show defiance? e.g. mom puts kid in timeout for 30 minutes, and he stays there for four hours until the mom finally breaks and goes to get him, and then the kid has the glory of victory for having outlasted the one who intended to punish him. I can think of adult-life situations too but theyd be more specific and more difficult to explain. Lollipop (talk) 03:54, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:recalcitrant


text:
ਟਾਪ

Noun

 * 1) a wide and thin tandoori roti

title: ਟਾਪ


text:
సుప్తి

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) sleep

title: సుప్తి


text:
overobedient

Adjective

 * 1) Excessively obedient.

title: overobedient


text:
సుప్తుడు

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Someone who sleeps, sleeper.

title: సుప్తుడు


text: εκπαραθύρωσης

title: εκπαραθύρωσης


text: εκπαραθυρώσεως

title: εκπαραθυρώσεως


text: εκπαραθυρώσεων

title: εκπαραθυρώσεων


text: εκπαραθυρώσεις

title: εκπαραθυρώσεις


text: αλανιάρικο

title: αλανιάρικο


text:
plate-glass

Adjective

 * 1) Made from plate glass

title: plate-glass


text: αλανιάρικου

title: αλανιάρικου


text: αλανιάρικα

title: αλανιάρικα


text: αλανιάρικων

title: αλανιάρικων


text:
αλανιάρικος

Adjective

 * 1) loutish, yobbish

title: αλανιάρικος


text:
Primus

Etymology 1
From, from.

Usage notes
African-American slaves frequently had given names taken from classical Latin.

Etymology 2
From the trademark.

Noun

 * 1) A Primus stove

title: Primus


text:
tont

Etymology
From, back-derived from , from.

Adjective

 * 1) thick, large
 * 2) crude, unrefined

Etymology
Of unclear origin. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) stupid, dumb, silly
 * 2) simple-minded

Noun

 * 1) fool, idiot

title: tont


text: αλανιάρικε

title: αλανιάρικε


text: αλανιάρικη

title: αλανιάρικη


text: αλανιάρικης

title: αλανιάρικης


text: Primuses

title: Primuses


text: αλανιάρικοι

title: αλανιάρικοι


text: αλανιάρικους

title: αλανιάρικους


text: αλανιάρικες

title: αλανιάρικες


text:
Talk:馥鬱

鬱?
I don't think this is used. 鬱 is wat1 in Cantonese. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 04:48, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * Also 郁郁寡歡. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 04:50, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Ah, I didn't notice the juk1 here. It may be two words: fuk1 wat1 and fuk1 juk1. Re 郁郁寡歡: there are many results on Google Books. Wyang (talk) 05:01, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I've looked through most of the results for 郁郁寡歡, and they're all e-books. It's only 30 results for me (even though Google says "about 284 results"). I feel like they are either simplified-to-traditional errors and/or errors due to homophony in Mandarin. As for fuk1 wat1 and fuk1 juk1, it doesn't seem plausible. 芬芳馥鬱 seems wrong. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 05:16, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

 * You may be correct about 郁郁寡歡. I don't think 馥鬱 is wrong. 鬱 also meant 'fragrant/fragrance', and there are many cites on Wikisource and Google Books. Wyang (talk) 05:24, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Here's the list from Chinese Wikisource (not including gibberish):
 * {| class=wikitable

! Title !! Author (Era/Year) !! Base text !! 馥鬱 or 馥郁
 * 嘉會節宰相謝酒食表 || 錢珝 (唐) || || 馥郁
 * 「音樂」？ || 魯迅 (1924) || ? || ?
 * 金剛證驗賦 || 延壽 (唐) || || 馥郁
 * 婦人觀 || 陳獨秀 (trans., 1915) || ? || ?
 * 二十四尊得道羅漢傳 (13, 17, 19) || 朱星祚 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 本業寺記 || 契撫 (唐) || || 馥郁
 * 西漢演義/032 || 甄偉 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 天壇王屋山聖跡序 || 杜光庭 (唐) || || 馥郁
 * 七真因果傳/29 || ? (清) || (not base text) || 馥郁
 * 大唐秦王詞話 (9, 38, 63) || 諸聖鄰 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 巫山艷史/第04回 || ? (清) || ? || ?
 * 隔簾花影 (26, 33) || ? (清) || || 馥郁
 * 大宋中興通俗演義/75 || 熊大木 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 大唐常州江陰縣興建寺碑銘（並序） || 郁群老 (唐) || || 馥郁
 * 金蓮仙史 (13, 22) || 潘昶 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 淞隱漫錄 (9, 13, 59, 65, 97) || 王韜 (清) || ? || ?
 * 兩漢開國中興傳志/02 || 黃化宇 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 新石頭記/第22回 || 吳趼人 (清) || ? || ?
 * 咒棗記 (6, 12) || 鄧志謨 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 隋史遺文/04 || 袁於令 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 大漢韶州雲門山大覺禪寺大慈雲匡聖宏明大師碑銘（並序） || 陳守中 (唐) || || 馥郁
 * 廣東新語/卷28 || 屈大均 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 與達奚侍郎書 || 張楚 (唐) || || 馥郁
 * 鐵花仙史 (4, 23) || 雲封山人編次 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 泣紅亭 (5, 7, 11) || 尹湛納希 (清) || ? || ?
 * 山水情/第03回 || ? (明) || || 馥郁
 * 玉樓春 (白雲道人)/第21回 || 白雲道人 (清) || || not found
 * 補紅樓夢/第四十三回 || 嫏嬛山樵 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 續東窗事犯傳 || 吳敬所 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 仙俠五花劍/第二十八回 || 海上劍痴 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 花影集/卷14 || 陶輔 (明) || ? || ?
 * 西湖二集 (22, 23, 25, 30) || 周清原 (明) || || 馥𣡸 (22), 馥郁 (23, 25, 30)
 * 豔異編續集 (7, 13, 14) || 王世貞 (明) || ? || ?
 * 清平山堂話本/03 || 洪楩 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 錦香亭/第13回 || 古吳素庵主人 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 喻世明言/第32卷 || 馮夢龍 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 安士全書/西歸直指/卷一 || 周安士 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 艮嶽記 || 張淏 (宋) || || 馥郁
 * 雲蕉館紀談 || 孔邇 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 綠野仙蹤/07 || 李百川 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 七修類稿/卷11 || 郎瑛 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 蜀檮杌/卷下 || 張唐英 (北宋) || || 馥郁
 * 剪燈餘話 || 李禎 (明) || (missing one instance) || 馥郁
 * 水滸後傳/第40回 || 陳忱 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 野叟曝言 (32, 49, 93, 146) || 夏敬渠 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 歷世真仙體道通鑑 (40, 50) || 趙道一 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 海國圖志/卷028 || 魏源 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 西湖佳話 (3, 11) || 墨浪子 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 漢姆萊脫 (1, 5) || unknown translation || ? || ?
 * 皇華紀聞/3 || 王士禛 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 今古奇觀 (16, 36, 38) || 抱甕老人 (明) || (missing one instance) || 馥郁
 * 歷世真仙體道通鑑續編/3 || 趙道一 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 有學集/05 || 錢謙益 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 靈棋經 || 東方朔 (漢) || || 馥郁
 * 詳刑公案/3 || 寧靜子 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 太平廣記/卷第085 || 李昉 (宋) || || 馥郁
 * 初學集/10 || 錢謙益 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 古今律條公案/4 || 陳玉秀 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 再生緣/第二回 || 陳端生, 梁德繩, 侯芝 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 海國春秋/33 || 汪寄 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 庸閑齋筆記/05 || 陳其元 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 日下舊聞考/卷021 || 于敏中等 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 茶餘客話/卷19 || 阮葵生 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 揚州畫舫錄/04 || 李斗 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 劉生覓蓮記/上 || 吳敬所 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 琵琶記 || 高明 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 西遊記·第五本 || 楊景賢 (元) || ? || ?
 * 悟真直指/卷四 || ? || || 馥郁
 * 漸悟集 || 馬鈺 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 續資治通鑑長編 (四庫全書本)/卷001 || ? || || 馥鬱
 * 文憲集 (四庫全書本)/卷31 || ? || || 馥鬱
 * 鐘呂傳道集 || ? || || 馥郁
 * 風流悟/第八回 || 坐花散人 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 螢窗異草 (1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10) || 長白浩歌子 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 國朝宮史 (14, 15) || 于敏中, 王際華, 裘曰修 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 傳燈錄/17 || 道原 (北宋) || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/39 (海棠譜) || 錢塘陳思 (宋) || || 馥郁
 * 宋史全文 (四庫全書本)/卷01 || ? || || 馥鬱
 * 蓬窗日錄/卷7 || 陳全之 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 東南紀聞 || ? (元) || || 馥郁
 * 西征隨筆 || 汪景祺 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 搜神秘覽 || 章炳文 (宋) || || 馥𩡏
 * 姑妄言 (1, 4, 5, 12, 23) || 曹去晶 (清) || ? || ?
 * 情史類略 (14, 20) || 馮夢龍 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 達摩出身傳燈傳 || 朱開泰 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 宋稗類鈔 (2, 7) || 潘永因 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/50 (珠江名花小傳) || 支機生 (清) || ? || ?
 * 白兔記 || ? (明) || || 馥鬱
 * 香艷叢書/9 (影梅庵憶語) || 如皋冒襄辟疆 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/19 (香本紀) || 延陵吳從先 (明) || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/20 (餘墨偶談) || 燕山孫樗詩樵 (清) || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/32 (至正妓人行) || 廬陵李禎昌棋 (明) || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/66 (吳門畫舫錄) || 西溪山人 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 湛淵靜語 || 白珽 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/49 (冬青館古宮詞) || 鳥程張鑒秋水 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 張氏卮言 || 張皋亭? || ? || ?
 * 卜皂山誌 || ? || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/7 (十國宮詞) || 南匯吳省蘭泉之 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 二老堂雜誌 || 周必大 (南宋) || || 馥郁
 * 御定歴代賦彚 (四庫全書本)/補遺卷21 || ? || || 馥鬱
 * 麻姑山誌 || ? || ? || ?
 * 揮麈後錄 || 王明清 (宋) || || 馥𩡏
 * 張協狀元 || ? || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/26 (文海披沙摘錄) || 晉安謝肇淛在杭 (明) || ? || ?
 * 蔡伯喈琵琶記 || 高明 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 聞見偶錄 || 朱象賢 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 析津誌輯佚 || 熊夢祥 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 國朝宮史續編 || 慶桂 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 香山寶卷 || 普明禪師 || || 馥𩡏
 * 續眉廬叢話 || 況周頤 (清) || ? || ?
 * 浪跡叢談 || 梁章鉅 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 湖海新聞夷堅續誌 || ? || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/47 (百花園夢記) || ? || ? || ?
 * 古今類傳 || 董谷士 (清) || ? || ?
 * 女聊齋誌異 || 賈茗 (清) || ? || ?
 * }
 * 再生緣/第二回 || 陳端生, 梁德繩, 侯芝 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 海國春秋/33 || 汪寄 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 庸閑齋筆記/05 || 陳其元 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 日下舊聞考/卷021 || 于敏中等 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 茶餘客話/卷19 || 阮葵生 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 揚州畫舫錄/04 || 李斗 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 劉生覓蓮記/上 || 吳敬所 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 琵琶記 || 高明 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 西遊記·第五本 || 楊景賢 (元) || ? || ?
 * 悟真直指/卷四 || ? || || 馥郁
 * 漸悟集 || 馬鈺 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 續資治通鑑長編 (四庫全書本)/卷001 || ? || || 馥鬱
 * 文憲集 (四庫全書本)/卷31 || ? || || 馥鬱
 * 鐘呂傳道集 || ? || || 馥郁
 * 風流悟/第八回 || 坐花散人 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 螢窗異草 (1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10) || 長白浩歌子 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 國朝宮史 (14, 15) || 于敏中, 王際華, 裘曰修 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 傳燈錄/17 || 道原 (北宋) || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/39 (海棠譜) || 錢塘陳思 (宋) || || 馥郁
 * 宋史全文 (四庫全書本)/卷01 || ? || || 馥鬱
 * 蓬窗日錄/卷7 || 陳全之 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 東南紀聞 || ? (元) || || 馥郁
 * 西征隨筆 || 汪景祺 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 搜神秘覽 || 章炳文 (宋) || || 馥𩡏
 * 姑妄言 (1, 4, 5, 12, 23) || 曹去晶 (清) || ? || ?
 * 情史類略 (14, 20) || 馮夢龍 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 達摩出身傳燈傳 || 朱開泰 (明) || || 馥郁
 * 宋稗類鈔 (2, 7) || 潘永因 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/50 (珠江名花小傳) || 支機生 (清) || ? || ?
 * 白兔記 || ? (明) || || 馥鬱
 * 香艷叢書/9 (影梅庵憶語) || 如皋冒襄辟疆 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/19 (香本紀) || 延陵吳從先 (明) || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/20 (餘墨偶談) || 燕山孫樗詩樵 (清) || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/32 (至正妓人行) || 廬陵李禎昌棋 (明) || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/66 (吳門畫舫錄) || 西溪山人 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 湛淵靜語 || 白珽 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/49 (冬青館古宮詞) || 鳥程張鑒秋水 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 張氏卮言 || 張皋亭? || ? || ?
 * 卜皂山誌 || ? || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/7 (十國宮詞) || 南匯吳省蘭泉之 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 二老堂雜誌 || 周必大 (南宋) || || 馥郁
 * 御定歴代賦彚 (四庫全書本)/補遺卷21 || ? || || 馥鬱
 * 麻姑山誌 || ? || ? || ?
 * 揮麈後錄 || 王明清 (宋) || || 馥𩡏
 * 張協狀元 || ? || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/26 (文海披沙摘錄) || 晉安謝肇淛在杭 (明) || ? || ?
 * 蔡伯喈琵琶記 || 高明 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 聞見偶錄 || 朱象賢 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 析津誌輯佚 || 熊夢祥 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 國朝宮史續編 || 慶桂 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 香山寶卷 || 普明禪師 || || 馥𩡏
 * 續眉廬叢話 || 況周頤 (清) || ? || ?
 * 浪跡叢談 || 梁章鉅 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 湖海新聞夷堅續誌 || ? || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/47 (百花園夢記) || ? || ? || ?
 * 古今類傳 || 董谷士 (清) || ? || ?
 * 女聊齋誌異 || 賈茗 (清) || ? || ?
 * }
 * 白兔記 || ? (明) || || 馥鬱
 * 香艷叢書/9 (影梅庵憶語) || 如皋冒襄辟疆 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/19 (香本紀) || 延陵吳從先 (明) || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/20 (餘墨偶談) || 燕山孫樗詩樵 (清) || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/32 (至正妓人行) || 廬陵李禎昌棋 (明) || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/66 (吳門畫舫錄) || 西溪山人 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 湛淵靜語 || 白珽 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/49 (冬青館古宮詞) || 鳥程張鑒秋水 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 張氏卮言 || 張皋亭? || ? || ?
 * 卜皂山誌 || ? || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/7 (十國宮詞) || 南匯吳省蘭泉之 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 二老堂雜誌 || 周必大 (南宋) || || 馥郁
 * 御定歴代賦彚 (四庫全書本)/補遺卷21 || ? || || 馥鬱
 * 麻姑山誌 || ? || ? || ?
 * 揮麈後錄 || 王明清 (宋) || || 馥𩡏
 * 張協狀元 || ? || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/26 (文海披沙摘錄) || 晉安謝肇淛在杭 (明) || ? || ?
 * 蔡伯喈琵琶記 || 高明 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 聞見偶錄 || 朱象賢 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 析津誌輯佚 || 熊夢祥 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 國朝宮史續編 || 慶桂 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 香山寶卷 || 普明禪師 || || 馥𩡏
 * 續眉廬叢話 || 況周頤 (清) || ? || ?
 * 浪跡叢談 || 梁章鉅 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 湖海新聞夷堅續誌 || ? || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/47 (百花園夢記) || ? || ? || ?
 * 古今類傳 || 董谷士 (清) || ? || ?
 * 女聊齋誌異 || 賈茗 (清) || ? || ?
 * }
 * 揮麈後錄 || 王明清 (宋) || || 馥𩡏
 * 張協狀元 || ? || ? || ?
 * 香艷叢書/26 (文海披沙摘錄) || 晉安謝肇淛在杭 (明) || ? || ?
 * 蔡伯喈琵琶記 || 高明 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 聞見偶錄 || 朱象賢 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 析津誌輯佚 || 熊夢祥 (元) || || 馥郁
 * 國朝宮史續編 || 慶桂 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 香山寶卷 || 普明禪師 || || 馥𩡏
 * 續眉廬叢話 || 況周頤 (清) || ? || ?
 * 浪跡叢談 || 梁章鉅 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 湖海新聞夷堅續誌 || ? || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/47 (百花園夢記) || ? || ? || ?
 * 古今類傳 || 董谷士 (清) || ? || ?
 * 女聊齋誌異 || 賈茗 (清) || ? || ?
 * }
 * 續眉廬叢話 || 況周頤 (清) || ? || ?
 * 浪跡叢談 || 梁章鉅 (清) || || 馥郁
 * 湖海新聞夷堅續誌 || ? || || 馥郁
 * 香艷叢書/47 (百花園夢記) || ? || ? || ?
 * 古今類傳 || 董谷士 (清) || ? || ?
 * 女聊齋誌異 || 賈茗 (清) || ? || ?
 * }
 * 香艷叢書/47 (百花園夢記) || ? || ? || ?
 * 古今類傳 || 董谷士 (清) || ? || ?
 * 女聊齋誌異 || 賈茗 (清) || ? || ?
 * }
 * 女聊齋誌異 || 賈茗 (清) || ? || ?
 * }

 * As you can see, the majority do not actually use 鬱. The few that use 馥鬱 are mostly in 四庫全書. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 06:29, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Wow, thanks. It seems it may be reasonable to move it to 馥郁, and list 馥鬱 as an alt-form? Wyang (talk) 06:32, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

 * 馥郁 must be the main form. 馥鬱 could either be alt-form or misspelling. In Google Books, I'm getting 30 hits for 馥鬱 with preview available, and half the results look like ebooks derived from Wikisource (or wherever Wikisource got the texts from). — justin(r)leung { (t...) 06:58, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

 * I'm happy with moving to 馥郁, but I think 馥鬱 should be an alt-form, based on the ctext attestations above (unless they are erroneous). Wyang (talk) 07:09, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

 * Alright, ✅. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 07:21, 24 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:馥鬱


text: bottle whore

title: bottle whore


text: bottle whores

title: bottle whores


text:
bottle rat

Noun

 * 1)  A woman in a nightclub who feigns interest in people ordering bottle service in order to get free drinks.

title: bottle rat


text: bottle rats

title: bottle rats


text:
marculus

Etymology
Perhaps from, from , with dissimilation. was later fabricated by analogy.

Noun

 * 1) small hammer,  hammer

title: marculus


text:
Talk:Genusus

Assuming "ancient Greek" means "ancient Hellenic," as in the language, how did you come to the conclusion that the term "Genusus" comes from the ancient Hellenic language?
 * What on earth are you talking about? When we say "Ancient Greek", we mean . — JohnC5 05:44, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
 * The whole terminology with regards to Greece, Greeks, Hellas and Hellenes has been flipped on it's ass and it's really sickening to see how everyone is just going along with it. Obviously there are those who's interests are in stark contrast to what the truth is, but all the evidence is there.  Saying someone speaks Greek is like saying they speak British.  Ignorance or malevolence?!  So, let's not confuse the two.  Hellenic is not the same as Greek. (Genesus713 (talk) 00:01, 24 May 2017 (UTC))
 * Please answer my question: what do you mean by "ancient Hellenic"? If you have some problem with our naming conventions, you can bring it up in the Beer Parlour. But in the mean time, as you can see in the List of Languages, we recognized "Greek", "Ancient Greek", and "Proto-Hellenic". We do not recognize "ancient Hellenic" as a language name. — JohnC5 00:27, 24 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I am sorry if in any way my comments have not had the positive impact I was hoping they would; I am relatively new to editing Wikipedia and obviously I still have a lot to learn, so I deeply appreciate your help in any way. I will definitely check this Beer Parlour that you mentioned.  With regards to my comments, they stem from a period of extensive research, albeit I have yet to make substantial progress in arguing this case publicly, mainly due to the fact that I have yet to publish my work on the subject.  In short, the term "Greece" is polysemous in its nature. Meaning there is more than one "Greece."  Before the formation of what we now commonly refer to as the Greek state, officially the "Hellenic Republic," and the latter rightfully so, the term "Greece" had been in use since antiquity to denote a geographic region in south-west Balkan peninsula.  Albania-proper, Dardania, Epirus, Macedonia, Thessaly, Morea/Peloponnese, and in some cases even Crete, have all been historically considered part of Greece prior to the formation of the Greek state in the beginning of the 19th century. Thrace, Anatolia, Pontus, Cyprus, and other historically Hellenic regions, were not part of the Greek peninsula and therefore these Hellenes were not Greek; not all Greeks were Hellenes and not all Hellenes were Greek; not until after the formation of the Greek state, after which things got really mixed-up for obvious reasons.  Even at that early time, those who knew, knew it very well; for example the Great Powers insisted that Otto's title be "King of Greece", rather than "King of the Hellenes," yet even when faced with such evidence, aside from all the countless maps and scriptures that prove the polysemous nature of the term "Greece," we still see the relentless perversion of historical truth.  Just look at how it is all written in Otto's page here in Wikipedia: "When he was elected king, the Great Powers extracted a pledge from Otto's father to restrain him from hostile actions against the Ottoman Empire. They also insisted that his title be "King of Greece", rather than "King of the Hellenes", because the latter would imply a claim over the millions of Greeks then still under Turkish rule. AGAIN?!:"..because the latter would imply a claim over the millions of Greeks then still under Turkish rule."??!  Really?!!  It's more like "..because the latter would imply a claim over the millions of "Hellenes" then still under Turkish rule."  After Otto's departure, the Greek state did eventually have a "King of the Hellenes," and he was indeed the King of the Hellenes, making sure anything non-Hellenic was not seen as Greek anymore.  I hope I shed some light on this mix-up.  I would eventually definitely push for a change in the use of this terminology here in Wikipedia once I have published my book.  But as you can clearly see, this is a monumental task, its implications are far-reaching.  (Genesus713 (talk) 04:19, 24 May 2017 (UTC))
 * Thank you for your clarification. I'll make a few points:
 * This is not Wikipedia, it is Wiktionary. Our to projects are quite autonomous. Just an FYI, in case you were confused.
 * Your argument seems to be that the term "Greek" in this context is a misnomer. That may well be true, but there are many misnomers, and this is so well established that there is effectively 0% chance you'll get this changed. I'm sorry if that sounds mean, but I don't want you to get your hopes up.
 * If you did want to make this argument to a wider audience, I again would advise making a discussion in the Beer Parlour.
 * Out of curiosity, why have you chosen "Genesus713" as your username and focused on this word in particular?
 * — JohnC5 04:34, 24 May 2017 (UTC)
 * I understand; thank you for the clarification. I will bring this up at the Beer Parlour once I have gathered all the satisfactory evidence.  I also understand it's near impossible to change this, but since this misnomer has quite broad and pervasive current cultural, (linguistic) historical and geopolitical ramifications, i.e. the Macedonian naming dispute, my primary goal is to influence those effected directly in a negative way by this misnomer; they will then catapult this discharge to the face of those who care or dare not to look. I am a Greek Illyrian (NOT HELLENIZED)so, no I will not go against truth to go with the current norm when all the facts point to the contrary.  Never say never!
 * The term "Genesus" is a Latin form of "Gjeneza" - and which before fusing with Christianity was an ancient Illyrian Goddess representing the mother Earth God. "713" are my lucky numbers and they also relate to a few relative things, i.e. George Castriota, the bible, etc. (Genesus713 (talk) 14:11, 28 May 2017 (UTC))
 * Could you provide evidence for this etymology. Startlingly little is actually known about the Illyrians, so I remain skeptical of most etymologies concerning Illyrian. — JohnC5 01:02, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Genusus


text:
傳播學

Noun

 * 1) communication studies

title: 傳播學


text: 传播学

title: 传播学


text:
傳播性

Noun

 * 1) communicability; transmissibility; propagation

title: 傳播性


text: chuánbōxué

title: chuánbōxué


text:
αλατωρυχείο

Noun

 * 1) salt mine

title: αλατωρυχείο


text: chuánbòxué

title: chuánbòxué


text: 传播性

title: 传播性


text: chuánbōxìng

title: chuánbōxìng


text: chuánbòxìng

title: chuánbòxìng


text:
傳播途徑

Noun

 * 1) route of transmission

title: 傳播途徑


text: 传播途径

title: 传播途径


text: chuánbō tújìng

title: chuánbō tújìng


text: chuánbò tújìng

title: chuánbò tújìng


text:
mekabu

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * , a sea plant native to Japan and Korea and invasive elsewhere; ; Asian kelp.
 * 1) Stems or thick leaves from near the stem of the plant, eaten as a vegetable.
 * 1) Stems or thick leaves from near the stem of the plant, eaten as a vegetable.

title: mekabu


text: αλατωρυχείου

title: αλατωρυχείου


text: αλατωρυχείων

title: αλατωρυχείων


text: αλατωρυχεία

title: αλατωρυχεία


text:
interimistisch

Adjective

 * 1) interim

title: interimistisch


text:
i-banking

Noun

 * 1)  investment banking

title: i-banking


text: wrapping papers

title: wrapping papers


text: bāozhuāngzhǐ

title: bāozhuāngzhǐ


text:
interkonfessionell

Adjective

 * 1) interconfessional

title: interkonfessionell


text:
梳理機

Noun

 * 1) carding machine

title: 梳理機


text: 梳理机

title: 梳理机


text: shūlǐjī

title: shūlǐjī


text:
konfessionell

Adjective

 * 1) confessional

title: konfessionell


text:
άλγος

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  pain

title: άλγος


text: Bev. Hills

title: Bev. Hills


text: yángmáo

title: yángmáo


text:
interkontinental

Adjective

 * 1) intercontinental

title: interkontinental


text: Category:Requests concerning Swedish

title: Category:Requests concerning Swedish


text: Category:zh:Textiles

title: Category:zh:Textiles


text: yángmáoshān

title: yángmáoshān


text:
interkranial

Adjective

 * 1) intercranial

title: interkranial


text:
interkrustal

Adjective

 * 1) intercrustal

title: interkrustal


text:
సుధి

Noun

 * 1) A learned man, a scholar.

title: సుధి


text:
krustal

Adjective

 * 1) crustal

title: krustal


text:
μπόγιας

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) dog catcher, dog warden

title: μπόγιας


text:
interkurrent

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) intercurrent

title: interkurrent


text: άλγους

title: άλγους


text: αλγών

title: αλγών


text: άλγη

title: άλγη


text:
Banjara Hills

Proper noun

 * 1) An urban residential and commercial area in Hyderabad, India.

title: Banjara Hills


text: interkurrierend

title: interkurrierend


text:
Banjara

Etymology
.

Proper noun

 * 1) A community usually described as nomadic people from the northwestern belt of the Indian subcontinent.

title: Banjara


text:
intermediär

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) intermediary

title: intermediär


text:
αλέα

Noun

 * 1) row of trees, avenue

title: αλέα


text: αλέας

title: αλέας


text: αλεών

title: αλεών


text: αλέες

title: αλέες


text: Category:English terms prefixed with tubero-


text:
intermenstruell

Adjective

 * 1) intermenstrual

title: intermenstruell


text:
interministeriell

Adjective

 * 1) interministerial

title: interministeriell


text:
άλειμμα

Etymology
Inherited from, from , ἀλειφ- +.

Noun

 * 1) smearing, spreading, anointment
 * 2) greasing

title: άλειμμα


text:
సుబ్రహ్మణ్యుడు

Proper noun

 * 1)  A name of Kumaraswami, the god of war.

title: సుబ్రహ్మణ్యుడు


text: αλείμματος

title: αλείμματος


text: αλειμμάτων

title: αλειμμάτων


text: αλείμματα

title: αλείμματα


text:
internetbasiert

Adjective

 * 1) Internet-based

title: internetbasiert


text:
internetsüchtig

Adjective

 * 1) Internet-addicted

title: internetsüchtig


text:
BNPer

Noun

 * 1) A supporter of the.

title: BNPer


text: BNPers

title: BNPers


text:
interozeanisch

Adjective

 * 1) interoceanic

title: interozeanisch


text:
adenase

Noun

 * 1)  An enzyme found especially in animal tissue (as liver) that hydrolyzes adenine to hypoxanthine and ammonia.

title: adenase


text:
interparlamentarisch

Adjective

 * 1) interparliamentary

title: interparlamentarisch


text: ζα

title: ζα


text:
interpersonell

Adjective

 * 1) interpersonal

title: interpersonell


text:
interplanetar

Adjective

 * 1) interplanetary

Etymology
..

Adjective

 * 1) interplanetary

title: interplanetar


text:
interpretationsfähig

Adjective

 * 1) interpretable

title: interpretationsfähig


text: línpiàn

title: línpiàn


text:
koñá

Noun

 * 1) woman

title: koñá


text: sānwēnnuǎn

title: sānwēnnuǎn


text: sāngná

title: sāngná


text:
kayoan

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) having a tendency to repeatedly ask for food

title: kayoan


text: yízhǔ rènzhèng

title: yízhǔ rènzhèng


text: yízhǔ jiǎnyàn

title: yízhǔ jiǎnyàn


text:
on a string

Prepositional phrase

 * 1) Under one's control or influence.
 * 2)  In a state of great anxiety.
 * 1)  In a state of great anxiety.
 * 1)  In a state of great anxiety.

title: on a string


text:
Marcianus

Etymology
From or.

Adjective

 * 1) of  pertaining to   ,

title: Marcianus


text: jiàncái

title: jiàncái


text: jiànzhù cáiliào

title: jiànzhù cáiliào


text: jiànzhú cáiliào

title: jiànzhú cáiliào


text: Àodàlìyǎrén

title: Àodàlìyǎrén


text: Àodàlìyǎ xūnzhāng

title: Àodàlìyǎ xūnzhāng


text: ophthalmoscopies

title: ophthalmoscopies


text: Àodàlìyà jiānguǒ

title: Àodàlìyà jiānguǒ


text: Àodàlìyǎ jiānguǒ

title: Àodàlìyǎ jiānguǒ


text: huǒshāndòu

title: huǒshāndòu


text: Àozhōu hútáo

title: Àozhōu hútáo


text: Àozhōu jiānguǒ

title: Àozhōu jiānguǒ


text: Kūnshìlánguǒ

title: Kūnshìlánguǒ


text: Kūnshìlánlì

title: Kūnshìlánlì


text: Xiàwēiyídòu

title: Xiàwēiyídòu


text: Xiàwēiyíguǒ

title: Xiàwēiyíguǒ


text: Àodàlìyà shǒuyǔ

title: Àodàlìyà shǒuyǔ


text: Àodàlìyǎ shǒuyǔ

title: Àodàlìyǎ shǒuyǔ


text: Àodàlìyà Liánbāng

title: Àodàlìyà Liánbāng


text: Àodàlìyǎ Liánbāng

title: Àodàlìyǎ Liánbāng


text:
gigafactory

Etymology

 * coined by 's in 2013.

Noun

 * 1)  A very large manufacturing facility.
 * 2)  A factory producing electric batteries at a large scale.

Translations

 * Finnish: gigatehdas, jättitehdas

title: gigafactory


text: gigafactories

title: gigafactories


text: xìnì

title: xìnì


text:
機洗

Verb

 * 1) to machine wash

Adjective

 * 1)  machine-washable

title: 機洗


text: 机洗

title: 机洗


text: jīxǐ

title: jīxǐ


text: machine washes

title: machine washes


text: machine washing

title: machine washing


text: machine washed

title: machine washed


text:
vera causa

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1) The true or real cause of something.

title: vera causa


text:
kꜣmn

Verb

 * 1)  To be blind.
 * 2)  To blind (someone).
 * 3)  Used in the phrase , meaning blind in one eye.
 * 4)  To be dark.

Noun

 * 1)  blind man

title: kꜣmn


text:
waiwi

Noun

 * 1) woman

title: waiwi


text:
ಹಲಸು

Etymology
From, from ; compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) the jackfruit

title: ಹಲಸು


text:
öljyjatropa

Noun

 * 1) physic nut,  tropical tree cultivated for its oily seeds that can be used as raw material for biodiesel

title: öljyjatropa


text: Neuen

title: Neuen


text: fěicuì

title: fěicuì


text: yúgǒu

title: yúgǒu


text:
ammattiajokortti

Noun

 * 1) professional driver's license

title: ammattiajokortti


text: దారాలు

title: దారాలు


text:
ammattiajolupa

Noun

 * 1) professional driving permit

title: ammattiajolupa


text: gānxǐ

title: gānxǐ


text: gānxǐdiàn

title: gānxǐdiàn


text:
ammattiautoilija

Noun

 * 1) professional driver

title: ammattiautoilija


text:
ammattikirjallisuus

Noun

 * 1) professional literature

title: ammattikirjallisuus


text:
sapian

Adjective

 * 1) affluent; rich; monied

title: sapian


text:
ammattikalastus

Noun

 * 1) professional fishing

title: ammattikalastus


text:
ammattijohtaja

Noun

 * 1) professional manager

title: ammattijohtaja


text:
りちぎ

Adjective

 * 1)  honest, faithful

Noun

 * 1)  honesty, conscientiousness

title: りちぎ


text: cúnchǔ

title: cúnchǔ


text:
止渴

Verb

 * 1) to quench one's thirst

title: 止渴


text: cúnchú

title: cúnchú


text:
быуа

Etymology
From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

The Proto-Turkic verbal archetype has a palatal parallel, hence 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) dam, a structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the flow
 * 2) the water reservoir resulting from placing such structure
 * 3) pond
 * 1) pond

title: быуа


text: cúnchǔqì

title: cúnchǔqì


text: cúnchúqì

title: cúnchúqì


text:
ammattikasvatus

Noun

 * 1) occupational training

title: ammattikasvatus


text:
ʼy

Alternative forms

 * ƴ in Niger

Noun

 * 1) water
 * 2) river

Alternative forms

 * in Liqʼwala dialect

Noun

 * 1) water
 * 2) river

title: ʼy


text:
ammattikateus

Noun

 * 1) professional envy envying a member of same profession for their achievements, position etc.

title: ammattikateus


text:
ammattikasvattaja

Noun

 * 1) professional educator

title: ammattikasvattaja


text:
interpretativ

Adjective

 * 1) interpretative

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) interpretative

title: interpretativ


text:
interpretierbar

Adjective

 * 1) interpretable

title: interpretierbar


text:
interrogativ

Adjective

 * 1) interrogative

title: interrogativ


text: కాసులు

title: కాసులు


text:
intersektiv

Adjective

 * 1) intersective

title: intersektiv


text: కొసలు

title: కొసలు


text:
intersektoral

Adjective

 * 1) intersectoral

title: intersektoral


text:
sektoral

Adjective

 * 1) sectoral

title: sektoral


text:
intersexuell

Adjective

 * 1) intersexual

title: intersexuell


text:
intersubjektiv

Adjective

 * 1) intersubjective

title: intersubjektiv


text:
intervallisch

Adjective

 * 1)  intervallic

title: intervallisch


text:
interventionistisch

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) interventionist

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) interventionist

title: interventionistisch


text:
κύανος

Etymology
According to Beekes, probably from, of origin.

Noun

 * 1) dark blue enamel, especially used to adorn armour
 * 2)  lapis lazuli
 * 3)  azurite
 * 4) blue copper carbonate
 * 5) cornflower
 * 6) blue rock thrush
 * 7)  blue or a shade of blue

title: κύανος


text:
interventiv

Adjective

 * 1) interventive

title: interventiv


text:
intervokalisch

Adjective

 * 1) intervocalic

title: intervokalisch


text:
vokalisch

Adjective

 * 1) vocalic

title: vokalisch


text:
Anthedon

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1) a town of Boeotia situated on the Euripus, in front of the island of Euboea

title: Anthedon


text:
interzellular

Adjective

 * 1) intercellular

title: interzellular


text: interzellulär

title: interzellulär


text:
Onchestus

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) a town of Boeotia situated in the territory of Haliartus
 * 2) a river of Thessaly that flows into the lake Boebeis

title: Onchestus


text:
intrakrustal

Adjective

 * 1) intracrustal

title: intrakrustal


text:
intrakulturell

Adjective

 * 1) intracultural

title: intrakulturell


text:
intraossär

Adjective

 * 1) intraosseous, intraossal

title: intraossär


text:
Thespiae

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) An ancient city of Boeotia situated at the foot of the mount Helicon

title: Thespiae


text:
ossär

Etymology
+.

Adjective

 * 1) osseous, ossal

title: ossär


text:
intrauterin

Adjective

 * 1) intrauterine

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) intrauterine

title: intrauterin


text:
uterin

Adjective

 * 1) uterine

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) uterine

title: uterin


text:
introspektiv

Adjective

 * 1) introspective

title: introspektiv


text:
Lebadea

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) A town of Boeotia situated near Mount Helicon

Descendants

 * Translingual:

title: Lebadea


text:
invertiert

Adjective

 * 1)  inverted

title: invertiert


text:
investigativ

Adjective

 * 1) investigative

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) investigative

title: investigativ


text: Category:zh:Myrtle family plants

title: Category:zh:Myrtle family plants


text: Category:zh:Myrtales order plants

title: Category:zh:Myrtales order plants


text: Category:Requests concerning Spanish

title: Category:Requests concerning Spanish


text:
investiv

Adjective

 * 1) investive

title: investiv


text:
inzident

Adjective

 * 1) incident (all adjectival senses)

title: inzident


text:
Module:User:Littlepenny413/zh-pron

local gsub = mw.ustring.gsub

local export = {}

local langname = { ["cdo"] = "閩東語", ["cmn"] = "普通話", ["cjy"] = "晉語", ["gan"] = "贛語", ["hak"] = "客家語", ["hsn"] = "湘語", ["nan"] = "閩南語", ["wuu"] = "吳語", ["yue"] = "廣東話", }

local langname_abbr = { ["m"] = "官話", ["c"] = "粵語", ["c-t"] = "台山話", ["g"] = "贛語", ["h"] = "客家語", ["j"] = "晉語", ["md"] = "閩東語", ["mn"] = "閩南語", ["mn-t"] = "閩南語", ["w"] = "吳語", ["x"] = "湘語", }

local pos_aliases_cat = { ["n"] = "名詞", ["noun"] = "名詞", ["pn"] = "專有名詞", ["propn"] = "專有名詞", ["proper"] = "專有名詞", ["proper noun"] = "專有名詞", ["pron"] = "代詞", ["pronoun"] = "代詞", ["v"] = "動詞", ["verb"] = "動詞", ["a"] = "形容詞", ["adj"] = "形容詞", ["adjective"] = "形容詞", ["adv"] = "副詞", ["adverb"] = "副詞", ["prep"] = "前置介詞", ["pre"] = "前置介詞", ["postp"] = "後置介詞", ["post"] = "後置介詞", ["con"] = "連詞", ["conj"] = "連詞", ["conjunction"] = "連詞", ["part"] = "助詞", ["particle"] = "助詞", ["pref"] = "前綴", ["prefix"] = "前綴", ["suf"] = "後綴", ["suffix"] = "後綴", ["interfix"] = "間綴", ["prov"] = "諺語", ["proverb"] = "諺語", ["id"] = "熟語", ["idiom"] = "熟語", ["ch"] = "成語", ["cy"] = "成語", ["chengyu"] = "成語", ["成語"] = "成語", ["ph"] = "詞組", ["phrase"] = "詞組", ["intj"] = "感嘆詞", ["interj"] = "感嘆詞", ["interjection"] = "感嘆詞", ["cl"] = "分類詞", ["cls"] = "分類詞", ["classifier"] = "分類詞", ["num"] = "數詞", ["numeral"] = "數詞", ["abb"] = "縮寫", ["abbreviation"] = "縮寫", ["det"] = "限定詞", ["deter"] = "限定詞", ["determiner"] = "限定詞", }

function makeNote(text) return "\n***  註解: " .. text .. " " end

function export.make(frame) local args = frame:getParent.args local pagename = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text local m_rom = args["m"] or args["官話"] or "" local c_rom = args["c"] or args["粵語"] or "" local c_t_rom = args["c-t"] or args["粵語台山"] or "" local g_rom = args["g"] or args["贛語"] or "" local h_rom = args["h"] or args["客家"] or "" local j_rom = args["j"] or args["晉語"] or "" local md_rom = args["md"] or args["閩東"] or "" local mn_rom = args["mn"] or args["閩南"] or "" local mn_t_rom = args["mn-t"] or args["閩南潮州"] or "" local w_rom = args["w"] or args["吳語"] or "" local x_rom = args["x"] or args["湘語"] or "" local m_audio = args["ma"] or args["官話音"] or "" local m_audio2 = args["ma2"] or args["官話音2"] or "" local c_audio = args["ca"] or args["粵語音"] or "" local c_t_audio = args["c-ta"] or args["粵語台山音"] or "" local g_audio = args["ga"] or args["贛語音"] or "" local h_audio = args["ha"] or args["客家音"] or "" local j_audio = args["ja"] or args["晉語音"] or "" local md_audio = args["mda"] or args["閩東音"] or "" local mn_audio = args["mna"] or args["閩南音"] or "" local mn_t_audio = args["mn-ta"] or args["閩南潮州音"] or "" local w_audio = args["wa"] or args["吳語音"] or "" local x_audio = args["xa"] or args["湘語音"] or "" local dial = args["dial"] or "" local mc = (args["mc"] and args["mc"] ~= "") and args["mc"] or (args["中古"] and args["中古"] ~= "") and args["中古"] or false local oc = (args["oc"] and args["oc"] ~= "") and args["oc"] or (args["上古"] and args["上古"] ~= "") and args["上古"] or false local only_cat = args["only_cat"] or ""

text = {} if only_cat ~= "yes" then textShow = {' '} textHide = {} if m_rom .. m_audio ~= "" then local m_pron = require("Module:cmn-pron") if m_rom ~= "" then table.insert(textShow, '\n* 官話\n') table.insert(textShow, m_pron.str_analysis(m_rom,'head')) end m_args = {} m_args[1] = m_pron.str_analysis(m_rom,'') m_args_names = { '1n','1na','1nb','1nc','1nd','py','cap','tl','tl2','tl3','a','audio','er','ertl','ertl2','ertl3','era','eraudio', '2n','2na','2nb','2nc','2nd','2py','2cap','2tl','2tl2','2tl3','2a','2audio','2er','2ertl','2ertl2','2ertl3','2era','2eraudio', '3n','3na','3nb','3nc','3nd','3py','3cap','3tl','3tl2','3tl3','3a','3audio','3er','3ertl','3ertl2','3ertl3','3era','3eraudio', '4n','4na','4nb','4nc','4nd','4py','4cap','4tl','4tl2','4tl3','4a','4audio','4er','4ertl','4ertl2','4ertl3','4era','4eraudio', }			for _,name in ipairs(m_args_names) do				m_args[name] = m_pron.str_analysis(m_rom,name) end m_args[2] = m_pron.str_analysis(m_rom,'2') m_args[3] = m_pron.str_analysis(m_rom,'3') m_args[4] = m_pron.str_analysis(m_rom,'4') m_args['a'] = m_audio m_args['a2'] = m_audio2 local debug = "" for code,name in pairs(m_args) do debug = debug .. code .. ":" .. name .. ","			end table.insert(textHide, m_pron.make_args(m_args)) if args["m_note"] then table.insert(textHide, makeNote(args["m_note"])) end end if c_rom .. c_audio .. c_t_rom .. c_t_audio ~= "" then local c_pron = require("Module:User:Littlepenny413/yue-pron") if c_rom .. c_t_rom ~= "" then table.insert(textShow, '\n* 粵語') table.insert(textHide, '\n* 粵語') if c_rom ~= "" then c_rom = c_rom:gsub("%*","-") local c_processed = c_rom:gsub(',([^ ])',', %1') if mw.ustring.len(mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text) == 1 then c_processed = c_processed:gsub('([^, ]+)','%1') c_processed = c_processed:gsub('%[%[%[%[',)						c_processed = c_processed:gsub('%]%]%]%]',) c_processed = gsub(c_processed, '%[%[([^%]]+)%]%]', function(a)							return  .. gsub(a, '([1-9-]+)', '%1') ..  end) else c_processed = gsub(c_processed, '([1-9-]+)', '%1') end if c_t_rom == "" then table.insert(textShow, ' (')					else						table.insert(textShow, '\n*: (廣州, ') end table.insert(textShow, '耶魯粤拼) : ' .. c_pron.yale_format(c_rom) .. ' ')						c_rom = c_rom:gsub('[%[%]]','')					local c_hom = mw.loadData("Module:yue-pron/hom")					local c_hom_exists = false					table.insert(textHide, '\n** (廣東話) ')					if not c_hom_exists then						table.insert(textHide, '  [')						table.insert(textHide, tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl("Module:yue-pron/hom",{["action"]="edit"})))						table.insert(textHide, ' +] ')					end					c_comma = gsub(c_rom,',([^ ])',', %1')					table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 耶魯粵拼 : ')					table.insert(textHide, c_pron.yale_format(c_rom))					table.insert(textHide, ' ')					table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 粵拼 : ')					table.insert(textHide, c_pron.yale_to_jyutping(c_rom))					table.insert(textHide, ' ')					table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 教院 : ')					table.insert(textHide, c_pron.yale_to_cantonese_pinyin(c_rom)) table.insert(textHide, ' ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 劉錫祥 : ') table.insert(textHide, c_pron.yale_to_sidney(c_rom)) table.insert(textHide, ' ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 廣州話拼音 : ') table.insert(textHide, c_pron.yale_to_guangdong(c_rom)) table.insert(textHide, ' ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 國際音標 : /') table.insert(textHide, c_pron.yale_to_ipa(c_rom)) table.insert(textHide, '/ ') add_audio(textHide, c_audio, 'yue') if args["c_note"] then table.insert(textHide, makeNote(args["c_note"])) end end if c_t_rom ~= "" then local c_t_processed = c_t_rom:gsub(',([^ ])',', %1') c_t_processed = gsub(c_t_processed, '([1-9%*]%-?[1-9%*]?)', '%1') table.insert(textShow, ((c_rom ~= "") and '\n*:' or '') .. ' (台山, 維基詞典) : ') table.insert(textShow, c_t_processed .. ' ') c_t_rom = c_t_rom:gsub('[%[%]]','') c_t_comma = gsub(c_t_rom,',([^ ])',', %1') table.insert(textHide, '\n** (台山話) ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 維基詞典 : ') table.insert(textHide, tostring(gsub(c_t_comma, '([1-9%*]%-?[1-9%*]?)', '%1'))) table.insert(textHide, ' ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** Gene Chin : ') table.insert(textHide, c_pron.hoi_convert(c_t_rom, 'Gene')) table.insert(textHide, ' ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 國防語言學院 : ') table.insert(textHide, c_pron.hoi_convert(c_t_rom, 'DLI')) table.insert(textHide, ' ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** Stephen Li : ') table.insert(textHide, c_pron.hoi_convert(c_t_rom, 'Stephen')) table.insert(textHide, ' ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 國際音標 : /') table.insert(textHide, c_pron.hoi_convert(c_t_rom, 'IPA')) table.insert(textHide, '/ ') add_audio(textHide, c_t_audio, 'yue-taishan') if args["c-t_note"] then table.insert(textHide, makeNote(args["c-t_note"])) end end end end if g_rom .. g_audio ~= "" then local g_pron = require("Module:gan-pron") if g_rom ~= "" then table.insert(textShow, '\n* 贛語 (維基詞典) : ') table.insert(textShow, g_pron.rom(g_rom)) table.insert(textShow, ' ') end table.insert(textHide, '\n* 贛語') table.insert(textHide, '\n** (南昌話) ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 維基詞典 : ') table.insert(textHide, g_pron.rom(g_rom)) table.insert(textHide, ' ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 國際音標 : /') table.insert(textHide, g_pron.ipa(g_rom)) table.insert(textHide, '/ ') add_audio(textHide, g_audio, 'gan') if args["g_note"] then table.insert(textHide, makeNote(args["g_note"])) end end if (mw.ustring.match(h_rom, 'pfs=.') or mw.ustring.match(h_rom, 'gd=.') or "") .. h_audio ~= "" then local h_pron = require("Module:hak-pron") if (mw.ustring.match(h_rom, "pfs=.") or "") .. (mw.ustring.match(h_rom, 'gd=.') or "") ~= "" then table.insert(textShow, '\n* 客家語') table.insert(textShow, h_pron.rom_display(h_rom,'yes')) end table.insert(textHide, '\n* 客家語') if h_rom ~=  then table.insert(textHide, h_pron.rom_display(h_rom,)) end if h_audio ~= '' then add_audio(textHide,h_audio,'hak') end if args["h_note"] then table.insert(textHide, makeNote(args["h_note"])) end end if j_rom .. j_audio ~= "" then local j_pron = require("Module:cjy-pron") if j_rom ~= "" then table.insert(textShow, '\n* 晉語 (維基詞典) : ') table.insert(textShow, j_pron.rom(j_rom)) table.insert(textShow, ' ') end table.insert(textHide, '\n* 晉語') table.insert(textHide, '\n** (太原話)+ ') if j_rom ~= '' then table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 維基詞典 : ') table.insert(textHide, j_pron.rom(j_rom)) table.insert(textHide, ' ') end local no_sandhi = false local roms = mw.text.split(j_rom, '/') for i = 1, table.getn(roms) do				if mw.ustring.find(roms[i], ' [^ ]+ ') then no_sandhi = true break end end table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 國際音標 (舊式' .. (no_sandhi and ', no sandhi' or '') .. ') : /')			table.insert(textHide, j_pron.ipa(j_rom, no_sandhi and "no_sandhi" or "")) table.insert(textHide, '/ ') add_audio(textHide, j_audio, 'cjy') if args["j_note"] then table.insert(textHide, makeNote(args["j_note"])) end end if md_rom .. md_audio ~= "" then local md_pron = require("Module:cdo-pron") if md_rom ~= "" then table.insert(textShow, '\n* 閩東語 (平話字) : ') table.insert(textShow, md_pron.rom(md_rom)) table.insert(textShow, ' ') end table.insert(textHide, '\n* 閩東語') table.insert(textHide, '\n** (福州話) ') if md_rom ~= '' then table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 平話字 : ') table.insert(textHide, md_pron.rom(md_rom)) table.insert(textHide, ' ') if not mw.ustring.match(md_rom, '([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)-([^/]*)') then table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 國際音標 : /') table.insert(textHide, md_pron.ipa(md_rom)) table.insert(textHide, '/ ') else table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 國際音標(no sandhi) : /') table.insert(textHide, md_pron.ipa(md_rom, "no_sandhi")) table.insert(textHide, '/ ') end end add_audio(textHide, md_audio, 'cdo') if args["md_note"] then table.insert(textHide, makeNote(args["md_note"])) end end if mn_rom .. mn_audio .. mn_t_rom .. mn_t_audio ~= "" then local mn_pron = require("Module:nan-pron") if mn_rom .. mn_t_rom ~= "" then table.insert(textShow, '\n* 閩南語') if mn_rom ~= "" then table.insert(textShow, ((mn_t_rom == "") and " (" or "\n*: (福建, ") .. '白話字) : ')					table.insert(textShow, mn_pron.poj_display(mn_pron.poj_check_invalid(mn_rom)))					table.insert(textShow, ' ')				end				if mn_t_rom ~= "" then					table.insert(textShow, ((mn_rom ~= "") and '\n*:' or '') .. ' (潮州, 潮州话拼音) : ')					table.insert(textShow, mn_pron.pengim_display(mn_t_rom))					table.insert(textShow, ' ')				end			end			table.insert(textHide, '\n* 閩南語')			if mn_rom .. mn_audio ~= "" then				table.insert(textHide, mn_pron.generate_all(mn_rom))				add_audio(textHide, mn_audio, 'nan')				if args["mn_note"] then table.insert(textHide, makeNote(args["mn_note"])) end			end			if mn_t_rom .. mn_t_audio ~= "" then				table.insert(textHide, '\n** (潮州話) ')				table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 潮州話拼音 : ')				table.insert(textHide, mn_pron.pengim_display(mn_t_rom))				table.insert(textHide, ' ')				table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 模仿白話字 : ')				table.insert(textHide, mn_pron.pengim_to_pojlike_conv(mn_t_rom))				table.insert(textHide, ' ')				table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 國際音標 : ') table.insert(textHide, mn_pron.pengim_to_ipa_conv(mn_t_rom)) table.insert(textHide, ' ') add_audio(textHide, mn_t_audio, 'nan') if args["mn-t_note"] then table.insert(textHide, makeNote(args["mn-t_note"])) end end end if w_rom .. w_audio ~= "" then local w_pron = require("Module:wuu-pron") if w_rom ~= "" then table.insert(textShow, '\n* 吳語 (維基詞典) : ') table.insert(textShow, w_pron.rom(w_rom)) table.insert(textShow, ' ') end table.insert(textHide, '\n* 吳語') table.insert(textHide, '\n** (上海話) ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 維基詞典 : ') table.insert(textHide, w_pron.rom(w_rom)) table.insert(textHide, ' ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 國際音標 : /') table.insert(textHide, w_pron.ipa_conv(w_rom)) table.insert(textHide, '/ ') add_audio(textHide, w_audio, 'wuu') if args["w_note"] then table.insert(textHide, makeNote(args["w_note"])) end end if x_rom .. x_audio ~= "" then local x_pron = require("Module:hsn-pron") if x_rom ~= "" then table.insert(textShow, '\n* 湘語 (維基詞典) : ') table.insert(textShow, x_pron.rom(x_rom)) table.insert(textShow, ' ') end table.insert(textHide, '\n* 湘語') table.insert(textHide, '\n** (長沙話) ') if x_rom ~= '' then x_diff = x_pron.stylediff(x_rom) table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 維基詞典 : ') table.insert(textHide, x_pron.rom(x_rom)) table.insert(textHide, ' ') table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 國際音標') table.insert(textHide, x_diff and ' (舊式)' or '') table.insert(textHide, ' : /') table.insert(textHide, x_pron.ipa(x_rom)) table.insert(textHide, '/ ') if x_diff then table.insert(textHide, '\n*** 國際音標 (新式) : /') table.insert(textHide, x_pron.ipa(x_rom, 'new')) table.insert(textHide, '/ ') end end add_audio(textHide, x_audio, 'hsn') if args["x_note"] then table.insert(textHide, makeNote(args["x_note"])) end end text = {table.concat(textShow), '\n \n\n', table.concat(textHide), ' '} if c_rom == "" then table.insert(text, "") end if dial ~= "n" and mw.ustring.len(mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text) == 1 then local success, m_dial = pcall(mw.loadData, "Module:zh/data/dial-pron/" .. pagename) if success then local dialPron = {} reading_count = 0 local temporary = {} if mw.ustring.match(dial, "^[0-9\,]+$") then for element in mw.text.gsplit(dial, ",") do						table.insert(dialPron, m_dial[tonumber(element)]) reading_count = reading_count + 1 end else for _, element in ipairs(m_dial) do						table.insert(dialPron, element) reading_count = reading_count + 1 end end for _, set in ipairs(dialPron) do					for _, object in ipairs(set[2]) do						table.insert(temporary, object) end end rand = mw.ustring.gsub("-" .. table.concat(temporary), "[^A-Za-z0-9]", mw.ustring.codepoint('%1')) table.insert(text, '\n\n \n*
 Dialectal data' ..					' ▼ ') table.insert(text, '\n{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" ' ..					'id="mw-customcollapsible-dial' .. rand .. '" style="width:100%; margin:0; ' ..					'text-align:center; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: hidden;"') local locStart = '\n|-\n!' local readingStart = table.concat({'\n!style="background:#E8ECFA; width:9em"|',				' [', tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl("Module:zh/data/dial-pron/" .. pagename, {["action"]="edit"})), ' edit]   '}) local locEnd = ' ' local headclr = 'style="background:#E8ECFA"|' local mclr = 'style="background:#FAF5F0"|' local jclr = 'style="background:#F0F5FA"|' local wclr = 'style="background:#F4F0FA"|' local huclr = 'style="background:#FAF9F0"|' local xclr = 'style="background:#F0F2FA"|' local gclr = 'style="background:#F0FAF3"|' local haclr = 'style="background:#FAF0F6"|' local cclr = 'style="background:#F0F5FA"|' local minclr = 'style="background:#F7FAF0"|' local clrList = { mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, mclr, jclr, jclr, jclr, wclr, wclr, wclr, wclr, huclr, huclr, xclr, xclr, gclr, haclr, haclr, cclr, cclr, cclr, minclr, minclr, minclr, minclr, minclr }				local locList = { table.concat({headclr, "Variety\n!", headclr, "Location"}), table.concat({"rowspan=17 ", mclr, "普通話\n!", mclr, "北京\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "哈爾濱\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "天津\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "濟南\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "青島\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "鄭州\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "西安\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "西寧\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "銀川\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "蘭州\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "烏魯木齊\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "武漢\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "成都\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "貴陽\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "昆明\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "南京\n|", mclr}), table.concat({mclr, "合肥\n|", mclr}), table.concat({"rowspan=3 ", jclr, "晉語\n!", jclr, "太原\n|", jclr}), table.concat({jclr, "平遙\n|", jclr}), table.concat({jclr, "呼和浩特\n|", jclr}), table.concat({"rowspan=4 ", wclr, "吳語\n!", wclr, "上海\n|", wclr}), table.concat({wclr, "蘇州\n|", wclr}), table.concat({wclr, "杭州\n|", wclr}), table.concat({wclr, "溫州\n|", wclr}), table.concat({"rowspan=2 ", huclr, "徽語\n!", huclr, "歙縣\n|", huclr}), table.concat({huclr, "屯溪\n|", huclr}), table.concat({"rowspan=2 ", xclr, "湘語\n!", xclr, "長沙\n|", xclr}), table.concat({xclr, "湘潭\n|", xclr}), table.concat({gclr, "Gan\n!", gclr, "南昌\n|", gclr}), table.concat({"rowspan=2 ", haclr, "客家語\n!", haclr, "梅縣\n|", haclr}), table.concat({haclr, "桃源\n|", haclr}), table.concat({"rowspan=3 ", cclr, "粵語\n!", cclr, "廣州\n|", cclr}), table.concat({cclr, "南寧\n|", cclr}), table.concat({cclr, "香港\n|", cclr}), table.concat({"rowspan=5 ", minclr, "閩語\n!", minclr, "廈門 (閩南)\n|", minclr}), table.concat({minclr, "福州 (閩東)\n|", minclr}), table.concat({minclr, "建甌 (閩北)\n|", minclr}), table.concat({minclr, "汕頭 (閩南)\n|", minclr}), table.concat({minclr, "海口 (閩南)\n|", minclr})} function ipa_correct(ipa, location) if location == 22 then return (gsub(ipa, "13", "23")) else return ipa end end function fmtDial(text, location) local fmttedPron = {} if text == "" then return "" end for pronunciation in mw.text.gsplit(text, "|") do						ipa = mw.ustring.match(pronunciation, "^[^\(\)一-龯㐀-䶵～,]+") ipa = gsub(ipa, "([ptk])([0-5])", "%1̚%2") environ = mw.ustring.match(pronunciation, "[\(\)一-龯㐀-䶵～,]*$") or false table.insert(fmttedPron, " /" ..							tostring(ipa_format(ipa_correct(ipa, location))) .. "/ " .. (environ and " "..environ.." " or nil)) end return table.concat(fmttedPron, " ") end for locationNo = 1, 40 do					for readingNo = 1, #dialPron do						if readingNo == 1 then table.insert(text, locStart) table.insert(text, locList[locationNo]) end if locationNo == 1 then situation = dialPron[readingNo][1] table.insert(text, readingStart) table.insert(text, pagename) table.insert(text, (pagename ~= situation and " (" ..								gsub(situation, pagename, "'''" .. pagename .. "'''") .. ")" or "")) table.insert(text, " ") else table.insert(text, (readingNo == 1 and "" or "\n|" .. clrList[locationNo-1])) table.insert(text, locEnd) table.insert(text, fmtDial(dialPron[readingNo][2][locationNo-1], locationNo)) table.insert(text, " ") end end end table.insert(text, "\n|} ") end end if mc then m_ltc_pron = require("Module:ltc-pron") mc_preview = m_ltc_pron.retrieve_pron(pagename, false, mc, true) if not mc_preview then mc = false end end if oc then m_och_pron = require("Module:och-pron") oc_preview = m_och_pron.generate_show(pagename, oc) if not oc_preview then oc = false end end if mc or oc then table.insert(text, '\n\n ') if mc then table.insert(text, m_ltc_pron.ipa(mc, mc_preview)) end if oc then table.insert(text, m_och_pron.ipa(oc, oc_preview)) end table.insert(text, " ") end table.insert(text, " ") end conv_text = {} if mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText == "" then local catText = args["cat"] or args["分類"] local cat = {} local cat_start = '[[Category:'		local cat_end = ']]' rom = m_rom ~= "" and m_rom or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text if mw.ustring.match(rom, '[一-龯㐀-䶵]') then local m_cmn_pron = mw.loadData("Module:zh/data/cmn-pron") rom = gsub(rom, '.', m_cmn_pron.py) end local m_pron = require("Module:cmn-pron") rom = m_pron.py_transform(rom, true, true) if w_rom ~= '' then w_rom = gsub(w_rom, '%d', '') end local function add_cat(cat_table, name, cat, rom) local this_cat = {} table.insert(this_cat, cat_start) table.insert(this_cat, name) table.insert(this_cat, cat) table.insert(this_cat, "|") table.insert(this_cat, rom) table.insert(this_cat, cat_end) table.insert(cat_table, table.concat(this_cat)) end if catText and catText ~=  and mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText ==  or mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText == 'User' then cat = mw.text.split(catText, ',', true) if (pos_aliases_cat[cat[1]] or "") == 'chengyu' then table.insert(cat, 2, '成語') end table.insert(cat, 1, "字詞") for i = 1, #cat do				cat[i] = gsub(cat[i], '^ +', '') if mw.ustring.match(cat[i], ':') then local lang_name, category = langname_abbr[mw.text.split(cat[i], ':', true)[1]], (pos_aliases_cat[mw.text.split(cat[i], ':', true)[2]] or cat[i]) add_cat(conv_text, '漢語', category, rom) table.insert(conv_text, cat_start) table.insert(conv_text, lang_name) table.insert(conv_text, category) table.insert(conv_text, '|') table.insert(conv_text, (lang_name == '粵語' and c_rom or (lang_name == '閩南' and (mn_rom ~=  and mn_rom) or (mn_t_rom ~=  and mn_t_rom) or rom)) .. cat_end) else cat[i] = pos_aliases_cat[cat[i]] or cat[i] add_cat(conv_text, '漢語', cat[i], rom) if m_rom ~= '' then add_cat(conv_text, '官話', cat[i], m_rom) end if c_rom ~=  then add_cat(conv_text, '廣東話', cat[i], c_rom:gsub('[%[%]]',)) end if c_t_rom ~= '' then add_cat(conv_text, '台山話', cat[i], c_t_rom) end if g_rom ~=  or g_audio ~=  then add_cat(conv_text, '贛語', cat[i], g_rom:gsub("'", "")) end if mw.ustring.match(h_rom, 'pfs=.') or mw.ustring.match(h_rom, 'gd=.') or h_audio ~=  then add_cat(conv_text, '客家語', cat[i], mw.ustring.gsub(mw.ustring.gsub(h_rom, 'pfs=', ), 'gd=', '')) end if j_rom ~=  or j_audio ~=  then add_cat(conv_text, '晉語', cat[i], j_rom) end if md_rom ~=  or md_audio ~=  then add_cat(conv_text, '閩東語', cat[i], md_rom) end if mn_rom ~=  or mn_audio ~=  then add_cat(conv_text, '閩南語', cat[i], mn_rom) end if mn_t_rom ~=  or mn_t_audio ~=  then add_cat(conv_text, '閩南語', cat[i], mn_t_rom) end if w_rom ~=  or w_audio ~=  then add_cat(conv_text, '吳語', cat[i], w_rom) end if x_rom ~=  or x_audio ~=  then add_cat(conv_text, '湘語', cat[i], x_rom) end end end end table.insert(conv_text, cat_start) table.insert(conv_text, '漢語字詞有國際音標|') table.insert(conv_text, rom) table.insert(conv_text, cat_end) if mw.ustring.len(mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text) == 1 then table.insert(conv_text, cat_start) table.insert(conv_text, '漢字|') table.insert(conv_text, rom) table.insert(conv_text, cat_end) end end if mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText ~= '' then return (gsub(table.concat(text) .. table.concat(conv_text), "%[%[Category:[^%]]+%]%]", "")) else return (table.concat(text) .. table.concat(conv_text)) end end

function ipa_format(text) local numbers = { [1]='¹',[2]='²',[3]='³',[4]='⁴',[5]='⁵',[0]='⁰',['-']='⁻',['/']='/, /' } return gsub(text,'[0-5%-/]',numbers) end

function add_audio(text, audio, lang) -- This function has side effects if audio ~= "" then if audio == "y" then audio = lang .. '-' .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle.baseText .. '.ogg' end table.insert(text, '\n*** [[File:')		table.insert(text, audio)		table.insert(text, ']]') table.insert(text, '[[Category:')		table.insert(text, langname[lang])		table.insert(text, '字詞有錄音]]') end end

return export

title: Module:User:Littlepenny413/zh-pron


text:
Dyrrhachium

Etymology
From. .

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1)  a city on the coast of Illyricum, now called Durrës

title: Dyrrhachium


text:
iodhaltig

Adjective

 * 1) iodous (containing iodine)

title: iodhaltig


text:
ionotrop

Adjective

 * 1) ionotropic

title: ionotrop


text:
ipsativ

Adjective

 * 1) ipsative

title: ipsativ


text:
Titurius

Proper noun

 * 1) a Roman nomen gentile, gens or "family name" famously held by:
 * , a legate of Caesar

title: Titurius


text:
iranfeindlich

Adjective

 * 1) anti-Iranian

title: iranfeindlich


text: Burlington County

title: Burlington County


text:
irden

Etymology
From and, , from. Equivalent to.

Adjective

 * 1)  earthen, earthenware made of clay
 * 2)  earthly, worldly of this life; not heavenly
 * 1)  earthly, worldly of this life; not heavenly
 * 1)  earthly, worldly of this life; not heavenly

Noun

 * 1) wheat
 * 2)  cereals

title: irden


text:
Peticus

Proper noun

 * , a Roman consul
 * , a Roman consul

title: Peticus


text:
irländisch

Adjective

 * 1)  Irish

title: irländisch


text:
irokesisch

Adjective

 * 1)  Iroquoian

title: irokesisch


text:
irrevokabel

Adjective

 * 1) irrevokable

title: irrevokabel


text:
irrig

Adjective

 * 1) erroneous, mistaken, false, fallacious

title: irrig


text:
wind-grass

Noun

 * 1) Any of a number of grasses:
 * 2)  Several species of
 * 1)  Several species of

Translations

 * Maori: perehia, repehia, toherāoa, turikōkā, repehina

title: wind-grass


text:
irrlichternd

Adjective

 * 1) wandering, flitting

title: irrlichternd


text:
ischämisch

Adjective

 * 1) ischemic

title: ischämisch


text:
isenthalp

Adjective

 * 1) isenthalpic

title: isenthalp


text:
isodiametrisch

Adjective

 * 1) isodiametric

title: isodiametrisch


text: Mount Holly

title: Mount Holly


text:
diametrisch

Adjective

 * 1) diametric

title: diametrisch


text: straight-A

title: straight-A


text:
isodom

Adjective

 * 1) isodomic

title: isodom


text:
isodomic

Adjective

 * 1) Relating to, or characteristic of isodomon

Translations

 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian: isodomico

title: isodomic


text: fosilizar

title: fosilizar


text:
isokinetisch

Adjective

 * 1) isokinetic

title: isokinetisch


text:
paisucho

Etymology
From.

title: paisucho


text:
platero

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) silversmith
 * 2)  band-tailed sierra finch (Porphyrospiza alaudina)

title: platero


text:
solomo

Etymology
From +.

Noun

 * 1) sirloin

title: solomo


text:
isolationistisch

Adjective

 * 1) isolationist

title: isolationistisch


text:
tejedura

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) weaving

title: tejedura


text:
travesero

Etymology
From, possibly corresponding to a , from , from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) cross-; horizontal

Noun

 * 1) bolster

title: travesero


text:
jabeque

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) xebec

title: jabeque


text:
isotonisch

Adjective

 * 1) isotonic

title: isotonisch


text: juzgao

title: juzgao


text:
henequén

Etymology
Probably from.

Noun

 * 1) henequen

title: henequén


text: ayacote

title: ayacote


text:
israelitisch

Adjective

 * 1)  Israelite

title: israelitisch


text: chicharrar

title: chicharrar


text: alfilel

title: alfilel


text:
iterativ

Adjective

 * 1) iterative

Etymology
, from.

Adjective

 * 1)  iterative
 * 2)  iterative

title: iterativ


text:
aletría

Etymology
, from, from , from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  noodle

title: aletría


text:
ithyphallisch

Adjective

 * 1) ithyphallic

title: ithyphallisch


text:
magosto

Etymology
. Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) chestnut harvest party, celebrated at the evening, around All Saints' Day or the day of Saint Martin of November

title: magosto


text: amagüestu

title: amagüestu


text:
martagón

Etymology
From Old Anatolian or.

title: martagón


text:
pantorra

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  calf (muscle)

title: pantorra


text:
parahúso

Etymology
From +  +, referring to the spindles used to twist the thread.

Noun

 * 1) a kind of screw

title: parahúso


text:
quiro-

Etymology
, from.

Prefix

 * 1) chiro-; hand

title: quiro-


text:
estucar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to stucco

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to stucco

title: estucar


text:
和洋中

Noun

 * 1) Japanese cuisine, western cuisine, and Chinese cuisine, three principal cuisines in Japan

title: 和洋中


text:
desenfrenar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to unbridle
 * 2)  to set free, let loose
 * 3)  to bolt, run wild
 * 4)  to break free, to lose control
 * 1)  to break free, to lose control

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to unbridle
 * 2)  to lose control; to break free

title: desenfrenar


text:
día festivo

Noun

 * 1)  holiday; bank holiday

title: día festivo


text: Tesalónica

title: Tesalónica


text:
gámbaro

Noun

 * 1) lobster; shrimp

title: gámbaro


text:
maguer

Etymology
From or late. Compare 🇨🇬.

Preposition

 * 1)  despite; in spite of

Conjunction

 * 1)  although

title: maguer


text:
Jerjes

Proper noun

 * 1) Xerxes

title: Jerjes


text:
Filipo

Proper noun

 * 1)  Philip

title: Filipo


text: hǎorénkǎ

title: hǎorénkǎ


text: Gerónimo

title: Gerónimo


text:
saque de esquina

Noun

 * 1)  corner kick

title: saque de esquina


text:
Braganza

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Braganza is the 45519th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 469 individuals. Braganza is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (80.60%) individuals.

Etymology
From.

Etymology
, from, , from , from the root +.

title: Braganza


text:
superesar

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to be over, be above, overtop, surpass, have a superiority

title: superesar


text: కాసుల

title: కాసుల


text: fākǎ

title: fākǎ


text:
Henrico County

Proper noun

 * , named after the Citie of . There is now no official county seat.

title: Henrico County


text: chóngzhì

title: chóngzhì


text: míngmǎ

title: míngmǎ


text: mìmǎxué

title: mìmǎxué


text: mìmǎsuǒ

title: mìmǎsuǒ


text: kǒulìng

title: kǒulìng


text: Category:Requests for etymologies in Punjabi entries


text: Category:Requests concerning Punjabi

title: Category:Requests concerning Punjabi


text:
Limestone County

Proper noun

 * 1) . Named after.

title: Limestone County


text: మిరియాల

title: మిరియాల


text: Category:it:Seven

title: Category:it:Seven


text: Category:it:Numbers

title: Category:it:Numbers


text:
รหัสผ่าน

Etymology
. Same as

Noun

 * 1)  password

title: รหัสผ่าน


text: సముద్రాల

title: సముద్రాల


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning American Sign Language


text: Category:Requests concerning American Sign Language


text: వంకాయల

title: వంకాయల


text:
ชื่อผู้ใช้

Etymology
. Same as

Noun

 * 1)  username

title: ชื่อผู้ใช้


text: దీపములు

title: దీపములు


text: దీపాలు

title: దీపాలు


text: దీపాల

title: దీపాల


text:
dahonan

Adjective

 * 1) leafed; having a leaf or leaves

title: dahonan


text: గూటములు

title: గూటములు


text: గూటాల

title: గూటాల


text: గూటాలు

title: గూటాలు


text:
Groesbeck

Proper noun

 * , named after.
 * 1) . Named after a railroad employee.
 * 1) . Named after a railroad employee.

title: Groesbeck


text: గూటం

title: గూటం


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning Chinese


text: Category:Requests concerning Chinese

title: Category:Requests concerning Chinese


text:
batráquio

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  batrachian a frog or toad

Noun

 * 1) idiot; moron; twat stupid person

title: batráquio


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning Norwegian Bokmål


text: Category:Requests concerning Norwegian Bokmål


text: Category:Requests concerning Belarusian

title: Category:Requests concerning Belarusian


text: Category:Requests concerning Luxembourgish


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning Serbo-Croatian


text: Category:Requests concerning Serbo-Croatian


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning Adyghe


text: Category:Requests concerning Adyghe

title: Category:Requests concerning Adyghe


text:
strunzen

Etymology
Likely.

Verb

 * 1)  to urinate

title: strunzen


text: Category:Requests concerning Scots

title: Category:Requests concerning Scots


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning Polish


text: Category:Requests concerning Polish

title: Category:Requests concerning Polish


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning Middle High German


text: Category:Requests concerning Middle High German


text: Category:Requests concerning Middle Persian


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning Miyako


text: Mitchell County

title: Mitchell County


text: Category:Requests concerning Miyako

title: Category:Requests concerning Miyako


text: Category:Requests concerning Emilian

title: Category:Requests concerning Emilian


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning Mandarin


text: Category:Requests concerning Mandarin

title: Category:Requests concerning Mandarin


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning Ancient Greek


text: Category:Requests concerning Dutch

title: Category:Requests concerning Dutch


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning ǃXóõ


text: Category:Requests concerning ǃXóõ

title: Category:Requests concerning ǃXóõ


text: Category:Requests concerning Sanskrit

title: Category:Requests concerning Sanskrit


text: Category:Requests concerning Faroese

title: Category:Requests concerning Faroese


text: Category:Requests for attention concerning Kabardian


text: Category:Requests concerning Kabardian

title: Category:Requests concerning Kabardian


text: Category:Requests concerning Middle English


text:
Category:Requests for attention concerning Japanese

Sortkeys used by Module:ja-kanji-readings: Sortkeys used by Template:ja-kanji forms-IVS:
 * 1: readings containing katakana
 * 2: historical readings containing small hiragana (ぁぃぅぇぉゃゅょ)
 * 3: modern reading contains furigana–okurigana separator but historical readings don't
 * 4: kyūjitai form without references


text: Category:Requests concerning Japanese

title: Category:Requests concerning Japanese


text:
တည်

Etymology 1
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * , a species of persimmon

Verb

 * 1) to place
 * 2) to depend on

Verb

 * 1) to build

title: တည်


text: jiànjiě

title: jiànjiě


text: Category:Sauraseni Apabhramsa language

title: Category:Sauraseni Apabhramsa language


text: zhuǎnxíng

title: zhuǎnxíng


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/biraupijan

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to pluck
 * 2) to ruffle
 * 3)  to quarrel


text: francsoys

title: francsoys


text: Bakersville

title: Bakersville


text:
fransois

Etymology
Borrowed from,.

Noun

 * 1) French language

Noun

 * 1) a Frenchman

title: fransois


text: Category:dum:Languages

title: Category:dum:Languages


text: cortoys

title: cortoys


text:
نوبهار

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1)  spring

Etymology 2
.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Nava Vihara, a Buddhist monastery (vihara) in Balkh, east of Persia

title: نوبهار


text: tybeert

title: tybeert


text:
tibeert

Noun

 * 1) A cat character in the story of.

title: tibeert


text:
Parkinsonise

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1)  To cause (a person or animal) to exhibit signs and symptoms of Parkinsonism, especially as an extrapyramidal side effect from antipsychotic medications.

title: Parkinsonise


text: pancer

title: pancer


text: Category:Sauraseni Apabhramsa lemmas

title: Category:Sauraseni Apabhramsa lemmas


text: Category:Sauraseni Apabhramsa pronouns

title: Category:Sauraseni Apabhramsa pronouns


text:
echopraxic

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or relating to echopraxia.

Noun

 * 1)  A person who exhibits echopraxia.

title: echopraxic


text: Category:Sauraseni Apabhramsa terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit


text: Category:Sauraseni Apabhramsa terms derived from Indo-Aryan languages


text: मइं

title: मइं


text: Category:Sauraseni Apabhramsa terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit


text:
華法林

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  warfarin

title: 華法林


text: 华法林

title: 华法林


text:
розмовляти

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to talk, to speak, to converse, to chat

title: розмовляти


text:
ꦏꦕ

Etymology 1
, borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) glass
 * 2) mirror

Noun

 * 1) page

title: ꦏꦕ


text:
порозмовляти

Verb

 * 1) to talk, to speak, to converse, to chat

title: порозмовляти


text:
Colorado City

Proper noun

 * , destroyed by a flood.
 * , submerged under.
 * , submerged under.
 * , submerged under.

title: Colorado City


text:
Chelonii

Etymology
Plural of, from

Proper noun

 * 1) Any of three grouping of turtles:

title: Chelonii


text:
zubrowka

Etymology
Borrowed from, from.

Noun

 * 1) A dry straw-colored liqueur of vodka flavored with herbs, originally from Poland.

Translations

 * Belarusian: зубро́ўка
 * Czech: zubrovka
 * Esperanto: zubrovko
 * Georgian: ზუბროვკა
 * Hebrew: זוּבְּרוֹבְקָה
 * Japanese: ズブロッカ
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: жубро́вка
 * Roman:
 * Slovene: žubrovka
 * Ukrainian: зубрі́вка
 * Uzbek: zubrovka

title: zubrowka


text:
Walch

Etymology
,, variant of , from , , from , from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Walch is the 14902nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1986 individuals. Walch is most common among White (93.45%) individuals.

title: Walch


text: Walches

title: Walches


text: dinken

title: dinken


text:
Vandeusen

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Vandeusen is the 14902nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1986 individuals. Vandeusen is most common among White (95.97%) individuals.

title: Vandeusen


text: Vandeusens

title: Vandeusens


text:
Abebe

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Abebe is the 14913rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1985 individuals. Abebe is most common among Black/African American (95.57%) individuals.

title: Abebe


text: Abebes

title: Abebes


text: dinct

title: dinct


text:
Statham

Etymology
Habitational surname from a place in Cheshire, from, dative plural of.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Statham is the 14913rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1985 individuals. Statham is most common among White (80.4%) and Black/African American (15.31%) individuals.

title: Statham


text: Stathams

title: Stathams


text:
Raasch

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Raasch is the 14913rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1985 individuals. Raasch is most common among White (95.11%) individuals.

title: Raasch


text: Raasches

title: Raasches


text:
Muerd

Etymology
From, from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) murder

title: Muerd


text: zubrowkas

title: zubrowkas


text:
Lokey

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Lokey is the 14913rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1985 individuals. Lokey is most common among White (86.5%) individuals.

title: Lokey


text: Lokeys

title: Lokeys


text:
Coldiron

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Coldiron is the 14920th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1984 individuals. Coldiron is most common among White (95.16%) individuals.

title: Coldiron


text: Coldirons

title: Coldirons


text:
Felan

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Felan is the 14920th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1984 individuals. Felan is most common among Hispanic/Latino (77.37%) and White (20.36%) individuals.

title: Felan


text: Felans

title: Felans


text:
Linscott

Etymology
Habitational surname from two minor places in Devon, from the personal name  +  +.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Linscott is the 14920th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1984 individuals. Linscott is most common among White (94.96%) individuals.

title: Linscott


text: Linscotts

title: Linscotts


text:
Sow

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Sow is the 14920th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1984 individuals. Sow is most common among Black/African American (92.34%) individuals.

title: Sow


text:
Starkweather

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Starkweather is the 14920th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1984 individuals. Starkweather is most common among White (92.89%) individuals.

title: Starkweather


text: Starkweathers

title: Starkweathers


text:
Schaal

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Schaal is the 14920th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1984 individuals. Schaal is most common among White (95.87%) individuals.

Noun

 * 1) shawl, headscarf

title: Schaal


text: Schaals

title: Schaals


text:
𑀨𑀡𑀲

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  jackfruit or breadfruit

Descendants

 * Hindustani: phanas
 * Hindustani: phanas

title: 𑀨𑀡𑀲


text:
Scull

Etymology
surname, used as a nickname and related to.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Scull is the 14930th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1983 individuals. Scull is most common among White (87.75%) individuals.

title: Scull


text: Sculls

title: Sculls


text:
𑀧𑀡𑀲

Descendants

 * Hindustani: panas

title: 𑀧𑀡𑀲


text: abeyya

title: abeyya


text: abeyyas

title: abeyyas


text: zhīshí fènzǐ

title: zhīshí fènzǐ


text: zhīshì fènzǐ

title: zhīshì fènzǐ


text: gōnggòng zhīshifènzǐ

title: gōnggòng zhīshifènzǐ


text:
Than

Etymology
Borrowing from or.

Proper noun

 * 1) Thangadh, a town in the Indian state of Gujarat.
 * 2) A village in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
 * 1) A village in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Than is the 14,930th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1,983 individuals. Than is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (93.9 per cent) individuals.

title: Than


text: gōnggòng zhīshìfènzǐ

title: gōnggòng zhīshìfènzǐ


text: Thans

title: Thans


text:
Picou

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Picou is the 14933rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1982 individuals. Picou is most common among White (75.93%) and Black/African American (17.76%) individuals.

title: Picou


text: Picous

title: Picous


text: gōngzhī

title: gōngzhī


text:
Sutliff

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Sutliff is the 14933rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1982 individuals. Sutliff is most common among White (95.61%) individuals.

title: Sutliff


text: Sutliffs

title: Sutliffs


text:
Tansey

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Tansey is the 14937th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1981 individuals. Tansey is most common among White (92.18%) individuals.

title: Tansey


text: Tanseys

title: Tanseys


text:
Stemple

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Stemple is the 14937th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1981 individuals. Stemple is most common among White (96.87%) individuals.

title: Stemple


text: Stemples

title: Stemples


text:
Cabana

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Cabana is the 14943rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1980 individuals. Cabana is most common among White (50.86%), Hispanic/Latino (27.63%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (18.03%) individuals.

title: Cabana


text: Cabanas

title: Cabanas


text:
Kesner

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Kesner is the 14943rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1980 individuals. Kesner is most common among White (93.54%) individuals.

title: Kesner


text: Kesners

title: Kesners


text:
Setser

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Setser is the 14943rd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1980 individuals. Setser is most common among White (95.2%) individuals.

title: Setser


text: Setsers

title: Setsers


text:
Shrout

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Shrout is the 14946th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1979 individuals. Shrout is most common among White (95.91%) individuals.

title: Shrout


text: Shrouts

title: Shrouts


text:
Radley

Etymology
From +.

Proper noun

 * 1) A placename:
 * 2) . Originally in Berkshire.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Radley is the 14946th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1979 individuals. Radley is most common among White (87.52%) individuals.

title: Radley


text: Radleys

title: Radleys


text: antifas

title: antifas


text:
Ganley

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Ganley is the 14946th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1979 individuals. Ganley is most common among White (95.86%) individuals.

title: Ganley


text: Ganleys

title: Ganleys


text:
Ingold

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Ingold is the 14950th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1978 individuals. Ingold is most common among White (95.4%) individuals.

title: Ingold


text: Ingolds

title: Ingolds


text:
صبوح

Noun

 * 1) morning draught

Adjective

 * 1) cheerful, delighted

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  morning draught
 * 2) * 14th century,, Divan:
 * "fa"
 * "fa"

- تا همه خلوتیان جام صبوحی گیرند چنگ و صنجی بدر پیر خرابات بریم

 * 1)  morning

title: صبوح


text:
Brunell

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Brunell is the 14950th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1978 individuals. Brunell is most common among White (93.43%) individuals.

title: Brunell


text: Brunells

title: Brunells


text:
Kabir

Etymology
Borrowed from. This surname is mostly found in Bangladesh.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Kabir is the 14950th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1978 individuals. Kabir is most common among Asian/Pacific Islander (80.74%) individuals.

title: Kabir


text: Kabirs

title: Kabirs


text:
Sanderlin

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Sanderlin is the 14950th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1978 individuals. Sanderlin is most common among White (73.46%) and Black/African American (20.48%) individuals.

title: Sanderlin


text: Sanderlins

title: Sanderlins


text:
User talk:Gogga2

Welcome to Wiktionary
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Again, welcome! - [The] DaveRoss  14:34, 23 May 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gogga2


text:
Amendola

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Amendola is the 14957th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1977 individuals. Amendola is most common among White (93.12%) individuals.

title: Amendola


text: Amendolas

title: Amendolas


text:
Roselli

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Roselli is the 14957th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1977 individuals. Roselli is most common among White (88.27%) individuals.

title: Roselli


text: Rosellis

title: Rosellis


text:
Szewczyk

Etymology
From, from.

Statistics

 * According to the 2010 United States Census, Szewczyk is the 14957th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 1977 individuals. Szewczyk is most common among White (95.6%) individuals.

Etymology
From.

title: Szewczyk


text: Szewczyks

title: Szewczyks