text:
Wiktionary talk:Reconstructed terms/Archive 2

Result of policy vote
Policy vote concluded 22 January 2006, confirming existing policy: terms in reconstructed languages do not meet CFI, may be entered in Appendicies. Robert Ullmann 12:03, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Requests for deletion/Others - kept
Kept. See archived discussion. 09:31, 19 January 2008 (UTC)

Rollback
I've rolled back the most recent edit to this page. In that last section, it says the entries don't go in the main namespace (which that vote did conclude.) The added paragraph I think was intended to say that PIE is linked from entries in the main namespace (which is already obvious) but was mis-worded to say that those forms go in the main namespace (wrong.)  --Connel MacKenzie 18:39, 3 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Connel, you have utterly missed the difference between terms in reconstructed languages e.g. PIE, which is what the vote was about, and what goes in the appendix; and reconstructed terms in existing languages, which do *not* go in the appendix, such as an inferred Latin term. Which is what the added text was about.

 * Please go read it again, note that it does not say that PIE goes in the main namespace (which would be wrong), and put the text back. Robert Ullmann 08:37, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

 * I rephrased it a bit. --Connel MacKenzie 09:13, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Original discussion held here: User talk:Hippietrail.
 * Please read the very first sentence of this page:
 * Reconstructed terms are words, roots, and phrases which are not directly attested in their respective languages, but have been reconstructed by linguists through etymological evidence.
 * And now suddenly the distinction is made between the "terms of of reconstructed languages", and the "reconstructed terms of existing languages".
 * I repeat what I said on Hippietrail's talk page: reconstructed language = set of reconstructed terms. Set of terms reconstructed from the (Vulgar) Latin descendants by means of comparative method is a language, call it Proto-Romance or whatever.
 * By what criteria do reconstructed Proto-Romance terms merit inclusion in the main namespace, as opposed to other protolanguages? --Ivan Štambuk 14:20, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Well I agree with Ivan's comment on the HT's page that unattested terms can't pass RfV and therefore shouldn't appear in the main namespace. That being said the difference between Vulgar Latin and, say, Proto-Indo-European is that we do have writing samples of Vulgar Latin ("Proto-Romance" ≠ "Vulgar Latin"). Some terms can be attested and some can't. What do we do with a language with terms split across the two namespaces (NS:0  for the attested terms and Appendix: for the unattested/reconstructed terms)? Maybe that's ok, and Category:Late Latin will have NS:0 and Appendix: members.?  --Bequw → ¢ • τ 22:08, 5 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Encyclopædia Britannica says that "Vulgar Latin is also sometimes called Proto-Romance, although Proto-Romance most often refers to hypothetical reconstructions of the language ancestral to the modern Romance languages rather than to the Vulgar Latin", although the tables on this page make quite clear distinction between Proto-(Italo)-Western and Proto-Romance. There was a vote a while go that forbids adding all reconstructed terms into NS:0 (even with an asterisk, in which case they could collide with normal entries sucha as *nix), which is reasonable, becase reconstructed terms are usualy not definitely shaped, and could have several different forms depending on the author/notation.
 * And what category would reconstructed VL terms go into? Proto-Italo-Western Romance or Proto-Western Romance? Maybe puttting all of those into :Category:Proto-Romance language, and separating among individual dialects with title= parameter of and the appropriate subcategories of: :Category:Proto-Romance language?--Ivan Štambuk 17:28, 6 March 2008 (UTC)

Etymology
(Not modifying main page, as it’s policy.)

Note that in etymologies, you can refer to earlier forms in the same or other languages can use to refer to these as usual; to categorize correctly when the earlier form is in a different (proto-)language, use the appropriate (Wiktionary-specific) language code (these are listed in Category:Appendix-only language templates), such as   for Proto-Germanic. (This seems to be as of mid-2011.)

Cheers!
 * —Nils von Barth (nbarth) (talk) 13:16, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

Layout proposal
Entries in "bottom-level" proto-languages, and possibly in all reconstructed languages, should have their ===Etymology=== section replaced with a more general section such as ===Reconstruction notes===. Currently, Etymology sections are often used for discussing points of contention in how a reconstruction is established and how its descendants are derived, but this seems technically incorrect. This type of information, on the other hand, is vital for the ability for readers to assess the validity of any proposed reconstruction, and it needs an official place in a protolanguage entry. --Tropylium (talk) 04:46, 3 February 2015 (UTC)
 * I really don't see a problem with leaving this heading as ===Etymology===, even if it's not technically correct (although if you look at the etymology of etymology, you'll see that most of what we put in ===Etymology=== sections isn't technically "etymology"). --WikiTiki89 14:40, 6 April 2016 (UTC)
 * ===Etymology=== sections contain much that is tangential to the etymology itself, but they do include an etymology somewhere in there. Reconstruction notes meanwhile do not guarantee any information about the origin of the entry at all. Also, conflating the two might encourage superfluously stuffing "Origin unknown" to bottom-level protolanguage entries.
 * Mainly though I am concerned here about preventing policy lawyering of the type "stop putting that information there, that's not what WT:EL says etymology sections are for". It has not been a problem so far, but as our Reconstruction namespace grows, at some point editing is going to need actual policies rather than simply editor consensus about good practices. --Tropylium (talk) 17:02, 22 April 2016 (UTC)
 * I feel like it would be more beneficial for these policies to clarify what is allowed in etymology sections, rather than to create a new name for the section to be used in special circumstances. Also, there are currently plenty of etymology sections that only list the tangential information (although this is usually because the actual etymological information is missing or unknown rather than non-existant). --WikiTiki89 17:53, 22 April 2016 (UTC)

Alternative forms
Entries in protolanguages are commonly transcribed with numerous schemes. A few pages have included the "Alternative forms" header, but this seems to miss the point: Additionally, there can be also disputes over the correct phonological reconstruction, which is a more substantial disagreement. To lump these together with mere transcription variants could muddle substantially the information about the shape of the proto-root.
 * Reconstructed terms are not attested. "Alternative forms" of reconstructed terms are not differences in spelling (= orthographic variation that is attestable), they are differences in transcription (= orthographic variation in mentions). If we would not create an English entry for and link it from, or Romanized equivalents for arbitrary non-Latin-alphabet languages, there is no reason to create such alternate entries for reconstructions either.
 * In the case of multiple forms, it will always have to be an editorial decision on Wiktionary's part whichever transcription scheme we support as the main entry.
 * As long as we use the Reconstruction:Proto-Whatever/term notation, alternative reconstructions should probably be redirects rather than separate entries.

We probably should have some systematic way for listing different transcriptions and reconstructions, and attribute these to various sources, but the regular alternative forms section layout does not really work for this. --Tropylium (talk) 08:55, 6 April 2016 (UTC)
 * We already do, except that it isn't documented. A fair number of entries have an "Alternative reconstructions" header, and the "Reconstruction" header is also used, but neither of these headers necessarily preclude "Alternative forms" or "Etymology". After all, if modern languages have different forms that are used interchangeably, then reconstructed languages will have them too, and in fact some of them are reconstructable. —CodeCat 12:54, 6 April 2016 (UTC)

 * The way I see it, there actually three types of "alternatives" (maybe there are more I haven't thought of): alternative transcriptions that represent the same reconstruction, alternative reconstructions that represent the same set of descendants, and alternative forms of the same word reconstructed to have existed in parallel or in different dialects and that would each have their own set of descendants. Each of these possibilities needs to be clearly distinguished. --WikiTiki89 14:37, 6 April 2016 (UTC)
 * Good catch. Though the first two are not distinct in a clear-cut fashion. One reconstruction may posit *kara, phonemically /kara/; another might posit *qara, phonemically /kara/ but phonetically [qara]; a third might posit *qara, phonemically /qara/; a fourth might posit *Kara, with /K/ as the neutralization of /k/ and /q/. The first and the third are clearly alternate reconstructions from one another, but it is not clear if the second and fourth are transcription variants, or alternate reconstructions of their own. This will be the case whenever a dispute is over phonological analysis, rather than over "the reconstruction per se". And yet, "the reconstruction per se" isn't definable without reference to at least some phonological analyses…
 * The third possibility (two different possibilities 3a and 3b, actually) is there as well, though it does not strike me as "alternative forms" in a lexicographic sense. For 3a — reconstructable "variants" don't seem like anything other than synonymy to me. Of course closely morphologically related synonyms would probably benefit from being treated in a single entry.
 * As for 3b, reconstruction aims at crafting a single language variety, minimizing variation: if we can reconstruct two distinct forms in e.g. North Germanic and West Germanic, in a clear case we will either be able to further posit a single Proto-Germanic form behind both, or will have to leave the two of them without direct etymological relationship. (And often it will be unclear which is the case.) But yes: we may again often indeed want to treat them together. --Tropylium (talk) 17:27, 22 April 2016 (UTC)
 * More specifically, minimise dialectal variation. But alternative forms don't have to be dialectal, there can be free variation. Consider in English for example. Slavic has several examples of this, such as // and /. —CodeCat 17:32, 22 April 2016 (UTC)

 * (e/c) By the first one, I meant something like (in Proto-Semitic) *ʾaḵaḏa vs. *ʾaḫaða, both of which represent /ʔaχaða/, in otherwords a purely orthographic difference. By the second one, I meant something like (also in Proto-Semitic) *tall- vs. *till-, where there is actual disagreement about which of the three vowel phonemes it was. Thus, I see the second one as potentially overlapping more with the third one than with the first one. Also, keep in mind for the third one that even if they are treated separately we would still have to decide whether they would link to each other from ===Alternative forms=== sections or from ===Synonyms=== sections, and I think there are many cases where the former makes more sense than the latter. --WikiTiki89 17:51, 22 April 2016 (UTC)


text:
anagnosasthenia

Noun

 * 1)  A neurasthenic reaction brought on by reading.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: anagnosasthenia


text:
amyosthenia

Noun

 * 1)  Myasthenia.

title: amyosthenia


text:
Wiktionary talk:Votes/2017-01/Dominic for de-admin

Notification?

 * did you e-mail Dominic and tell him about this vote? —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 09:41, 26 January 2017 (UTC)
 * I'm sure he has not, and now this account is blocked. It's not really necessary, but emailing a user whose rights may be removed is a good practice. I will email him. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 19:31, 1 February 2017 (UTC)
 * Hehe, no. I don't do things like that on WT, sorry. --Quadcont (talk) 18:49, 6 February 2017 (UTC)

 * I sent a message on his Wikipedia talk page: w:User talk:Dominic. --Daniel Carrero (talk) 05:47, 15 February 2017 (UTC)


text:
somaticosplanchnic

Adjective

 * 1)  Relating to the body and the viscera.

title: somaticosplanchnic


text:
leukoplasia

Noun

 * 1)  Leukoplakia.

title: leukoplasia


text:
nystagmoid

Adjective

 * 1)  Resembling nystagmus.

title: nystagmoid


text:
sidevind

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a crosswind

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a crosswind

title: sidevind


text:
trichotrophy

Noun

 * 1)  Nutrition of the hair.

title: trichotrophy


text:
ananastasia

Etymology
en?

Noun

 * 1)  Inability to stand up.

title: ananastasia


text:
vasovesiculectomy

Noun

 * 1)  Excision of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles.

title: vasovesiculectomy


text:
dysstasia

Noun

 * 1)  difficulty in standing

Related terms

 * dysstatic

title: dysstasia


text:
antituberculotic

Adjective

 * 1)  Countering tuberculosis.

Noun

 * 1) A drug used to counter tuberculosis.

title: antituberculotic


text: sidevinden

title: sidevinden


text:
cenesthopathy

Etymology
First attested, borrowed from , coined by Ernest Dupré and Paul Camus, from  +  +.

Noun

 * 1)  Disordered cenesthesia; a psychopathological symptom characterised by generalised abnormal sensations in the body.

Translations

 * French:, cénesthopathie
 * Russian:

title: cenesthopathy


text:
linze

Etymology
From, , from , from , likely a borrowing from an unidentified source.

Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬 sounding too similar for a coincidence, however different enough to prohibit reconstruction of a common PIE protoform.

If ultimately a non-IE loanword, locating the source is virtually impossible because cultivation of lentil was widespread in the region since the Neolithic.

Noun

 * , legume
 * , the seed of pulse

title: linze


text: linzen

title: linzen


text: sidevinder

title: sidevinder


text: sidevindene

title: sidevindene


text: sidevindar

title: sidevindar


text: sidevindane

title: sidevindane


text:
不克

Verb

 * 1)  cannot; to not be able
 * 2)  to be unable to prevail

title: 不克


text: bùkè

title: bùkè


text:
見面禮

Noun

 * 1) present given upon first meeting

title: 見面禮


text:
pijltjesmethode

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  (little) arrows method; method in perceptual dialectology according to which dialects that have been judged similar by respondents are linked by arrows

title: pijltjesmethode


text: 见面礼

title: 见面礼


text: jiànmiànlǐ

title: jiànmiànlǐ


text:
mijnwet

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) mining law law regulating the practice of mining

title: mijnwet


text: mijnwetten

title: mijnwetten


text:
敗血病

Noun

 * 1)  septicemia

title: 敗血病


text: 败血病

title: 败血病


text: bàixuèbìng

title: bàixuèbìng


text: bàixuěbìng

title: bàixuěbìng


text: bàixiěbìng

title: bàixiěbìng


text: bàixuèzhèng

title: bàixuèzhèng


text: bàixuězhèng

title: bàixuězhèng


text: bàixiězhèng

title: bàixiězhèng


text: bàixiě

title: bàixiě


text: bàixuě

title: bàixuě


text: bàixuè

title: bàixuè


text:
春風化雨

Idiom

 * 1)  benefits of education; positive influence of a teacher

title: 春風化雨


text: 春风化雨

title: 春风化雨


text:
op een na

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)   (e.g. "second best", "second last", "second largest")

Prepositional phrase

 * 1)   (e.g. "second best", "second last", "second largest")

title: op een na


text:
春化

Noun

 * 1)  vernalization

title: 春化


text:
春婦

Noun

 * 1)  prostitute

title: 春婦


text: 春妇

title: 春妇


text:
strijdperk

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)   arena or theatre of fighting
 * 2)  subject or scope of contention that which is subject to controversy
 * 1)  subject or scope of contention that which is subject to controversy

title: strijdperk


text: strijdperken

title: strijdperken


text: strijdperkje

title: strijdperkje


text: strijdperkjes

title: strijdperkjes


text:
VCS

Hyponyms

 * DVCS

Translations

 * Greek:

title: VCS


text:
perkenwet

Etymology
Compound of.

Synonyms

 * tweede wet van Kepler

title: perkenwet


text:
perken

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  To make or become perked or perky.

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to enclose, to keep in check with fencing
 * 2)  to close off with barriers

title: perken


text: perkje

title: perkje


text: perkjes

title: perkjes


text:
開春

Verb

 * 1) to be the beginning of spring; to be early spring
 * 2) to be the Chinese New Year

title: 開春


text: 开春

title: 开春


text:
叫春

Verb

 * 1) to meow when in heat; to caterwaul

title: 叫春


text:
insnijden

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to cut into, to carve into

title: insnijden


text: ingesneden

title: ingesneden


text:
witte spelling

Etymology
Literally, “white spelling”. Named after the .

Noun

 * 1) unofficial spelling standard based on the .

title: witte spelling


text: zachte gee

title: zachte gee


text:
geboorterecht

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  inherited right

title: geboorterecht


text: geboorterechten

title: geboorterechten


text: occurances

title: occurances


text:
eerstgeboorterecht

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) right of the firstborn,  birthright of the eldest acknowledged child

title: eerstgeboorterecht


text:
breinbaas

Etymology
Coined by. Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) cunning, sly weasel, brainy person

title: breinbaas


text: breinbazen

title: breinbazen


text: breinbaasje

title: breinbaasje


text: breinbaasjes

title: breinbaasjes


text:
chemieconcern

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) chemical company, chemical concern

title: chemieconcern


text:
նախաձեռնություն

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) initiative

title: նախաձեռնություն


text: wedstrijdje

title: wedstrijdje


text: wedstrijdjes

title: wedstrijdjes


text:
sibulavenelane

Noun

 * 1)  Russian an ethnic Russian that is known by growing and trading with onions.

title: sibulavenelane


text:
Wettstreit

Noun

 * 1) competition the act of competing or a situation characterised by it
 * 2)  contest; match; an organised competition
 * 1)  contest; match; an organised competition
 * 1)  contest; match; an organised competition

title: Wettstreit


text:
драник

Etymology
, related to the Russian verb.

Noun

 * 1) thick potato pancake

title: драник


text:
dummy light

Noun

 * 1)  A type of   set in the middle of the intersection, and not at the sides, corners or above (thus forming a crash hazard). These lights are placed similarly to how traffic police platforms are set dead center of intersections.
 * 1)  A type of   set in the middle of the intersection, and not at the sides, corners or above (thus forming a crash hazard). These lights are placed similarly to how traffic police platforms are set dead center of intersections.

title: dummy light


text:
издирать

Verb

 * 1) to rend, to tear
 * 2) to scratch all over

title: издирать


text: referentiekaders

title: referentiekaders


text: referentiekadertje

title: referentiekadertje


text: referentiekadertjes

title: referentiekadertjes


text:
putàna

Etymology
Possibly from, from , but more likely a borrowing from , cf. 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.  is attested in the sixth century. The change of meaning from "girl" to "prostitute" is due to euphemism, a process that is well known to other periods and languages.

Noun

 * 1)  whore, slut, hooker, tart
 * 2)  bitch
 * 3) trollop, strumpet, whore, streetwalker

title: putàna


text: putàni

title: putàni


text: Category:Emilian derogatory terms

title: Category:Emilian derogatory terms


text: botervlieghe

title: botervlieghe


text: Category:Emilian vulgarities

title: Category:Emilian vulgarities


text: Category:Emilian terms derived from Old Occitan


text:
جوا

Adverb

 * 1) inside, indoors

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) gambling

title: جوا


text: пойматься

title: пойматься


text:
herfsttij

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  period of decline, final period of a lifetime
 * 1)  period of decline, final period of a lifetime

title: herfsttij


text:
冬令

Noun

 * 1) winter
 * 2)  winter climate; winter weather

title: 冬令


text: Thesaurus:craving

title: Thesaurus:craving


text:
隆冬

Noun

 * 1) midwinter

title: 隆冬


text:
sasi

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) quantity
 * 2) number

Etymology
First attested in the 17th century as, related to 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) bramble, blackberry bush

Etymology
From, from , from.

Verb

 * 1)  to take oath

title: sasi


text:
achterhoede

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  rear, trailers, people who are slow to adapt
 * 1)  rear, trailers, people who are slow to adapt

title: achterhoede


text: achterhoeden

title: achterhoeden


text: achterhoedes

title: achterhoedes


text:
dar pé

Etymology
lit. 'to give foot'.

Verb

 * 1)  to have good footing; to be shallow enough to step on the underwater ground

title: dar pé


text:
achterhoedegevecht

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * , rearguard fight battle involving the rearguard of a military force, usually on retreat
 * 1)  rearguard battle, rearguard struggle controversy involving people resistant to change, often considered futile

title: achterhoedegevecht


text: achterhoedegevechten

title: achterhoedegevechten


text:
погнуть

Etymology
From. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to bend

title: погнуть


text:
denkraam

Etymology
Often attributed to. Compound of.

Noun

 * 1) mental framework,

title: denkraam


text: denkramen

title: denkramen


text: denkraampje

title: denkraampje


text: denkraampjes

title: denkraampjes


text: выдираться

title: выдираться


text:
aanbegin

Etymology
From, equivalent to.

title: aanbegin


text:
Rhymes:Dutch/ʏfs

One syllable

 * sufs
 * dufs
 * mufs

title: Rhymes:Dutch/ʏfs


text:
Rhymes:Dutch/ʏft

One syllable

 * puft
 * puft

title: Rhymes:Dutch/ʏft


text:
Rhymes:Dutch/ʏlkt

One syllable

 * bulkt
 * pulkt

Two syllables

 * gebulkt
 * gepulkt

title: Rhymes:Dutch/ʏlkt


text:
caranguejo de Dungeness

Noun

 * 1) Dungeness crab,, an edible crab of the Pacific coast of North America

title: caranguejo de Dungeness


text:
Rhymes:Dutch/ʏlpt

One syllable

 * gulpt
 * schulpt
 * stulpt

Two syllables

 * gegulpt
 * geschulpt
 * gestulpt

title: Rhymes:Dutch/ʏlpt


text:
сосчитываться

Verb

 * 1)  to square accounts (with)
 * 2)  to get even

title: сосчитываться


text:
Rhymes:Dutch/ʏm

One syllable

 * drum
 * gum
 * hum
 * rum

Two syllables

 * gedrum

title: Rhymes:Dutch/ʏm


text:
Rhymes:Dutch/ʏmp

One syllable

 * dump
 * pump
 * slump

title: Rhymes:Dutch/ʏmp


text:
drukpers

Etymology
Compound of.

Noun

 * 1)  device for printing
 * 2)   mass media

title: drukpers


text: drukpersen

title: drukpersen


text: drukpersje

title: drukpersje


text: drukpersjes

title: drukpersjes


text:
Rhymes:Dutch/ʏn

One syllable

 * bun
 * dun
 * hun
 * run

title: Rhymes:Dutch/ʏn


text:
stijgbeugel

Etymology
Compound of.

title: stijgbeugel


text: stijgbeugels

title: stijgbeugels


text: stijgbeugeltje

title: stijgbeugeltje


text: stijgbeugeltjes

title: stijgbeugeltjes


text:
Lutherisme

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  Lutheranism

title: Lutherisme


text: temeiers

title: temeiers


text:
boçe

Etymology
From an earlier *bodse from.

Noun

 * 1) cone

title: boçe


text:
bocë

Etymology
From an earlier *bodse, from. Related to, but took different meaning.

Noun

 * 1) bottle
 * 2) decanter

title: bocë


text:
scheetje

Noun

 * 1)  Someone or something cute.
 * 1)  Someone or something cute.

Usage notes
Also used to describe something or someone cute like a small child.

title: scheetje


text: scheetjes

title: scheetjes


text:
uhabhu

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) harp

title: uhabhu


text:
невзвидеть

Verb

 * 1) to have headache due to various emotions

title: невзвидеть


text:
ihhala

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) harrow, rake

title: ihhala


text:
uhhafu

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) half

title: uhhafu


text:
kaskraker

Etymology
Compound of.

title: kaskraker


text: kaskrakers

title: kaskrakers


text:
ihhofu

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) wharf, quay

title: ihhofu


text:
ihholo

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) hall

title: ihholo


text:
ဦးထုပ်

Noun

 * 1) hat

title: ဦးထုပ်


text:
ihhotela

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) hotel, inn

title: ihhotela


text:
ihhovisi

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) office

title: ihhovisi


text:
iholide

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) holiday

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) holiday

title: iholide


text:
ijaji

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) judge

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) judge

title: ijaji


text:
Childeric

Etymology
From, from via. Ultimately from.

Proper noun

 * 1)   of mainly historical use, borne by several kings of the Franks.

title: Childeric


text:
ujamu

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) jam, preserve

title: ujamu


text:
uJehova

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) Jehovah

title: uJehova


text:
hypergetto

Etymology
Borrowed from or.

title: hypergetto


text:
ijele

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) jail

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) jail

title: ijele


text:
uJesu

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) Jesus

title: uJesu


text:
ujinja

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) ginger

title: ujinja


text: Childericus

title: Childericus


text:
joyina

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Verb

 * 1)  to join

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Verb

 * 1)  to join, to become a member (of), to engage (in)
 * 2)  to join, to link

title: joyina


text:
ujusi

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) juice of a fruit

title: ujusi


text:
Rucinates

Proper noun

 * 1) An Alpine tribe of Vindelicia mentioned by Pliny

title: Rucinates


text:
hyperghetto

Etymology
Coined by. From en.

Noun

 * 1)  a severely impoverished and anomic ghetto whose inhabitants are mostly working-class people of a specific ethnic minority, without any significant presence of wealthier strata

title: hyperghetto


text:
Talk:شفى

The only agent generally used with the active voice of شَفَى (šafā) is God ... The verb is most often encountered in the passive voice,
Hi, I'd like to know whether it's possible to include some category of these type of verbs. --Backinstadiums (talk) 15:41, 26 January 2017 (UTC)
 * In this case it was not quite true. I've adapted the note. However, there do exist such verbs. Kolmiel (talk) 19:35, 17 March 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:شفى


text:
Ambisontes

Etymology
, from + *Isontia, the modern Salzach. *Isontia is probably from, a common component in hydronyms.

Proper noun

 * 1) An Alpine tribe mentioned by Pliny

title: Ambisontes


text:
RosaLee

Etymology
A re-spelling of.

title: RosaLee


text:
Rugusci

Proper noun

 * 1) An Alpine tribe mentioned by Pliny

title: Rugusci


text:
Suanetes

Proper noun

 * 1) An Alpine tribe mentioned by Pliny

title: Suanetes


text:
overtakelse

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a takeover

title: overtakelse


text:
brievenbusfirma

Etymology
Compound of.

title: brievenbusfirma


text: brievenbusfirma's

title: brievenbusfirma's


text: brievenbusfirmaatje

title: brievenbusfirmaatje


text: brievenbusfirmaatjes

title: brievenbusfirmaatjes


text:
Vipitenum

Proper noun

 * 1) a mountain town of the Venostes, situated between Veldidena and Tridentum, now Vipiteno/Sterzing

title: Vipitenum


text:
tasconium

Etymology
Possibly from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  A white kind of earth resembling clay

title: tasconium


text:
캠프

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) camp

title: 캠프


text: γεωπονίας

title: γεωπονίας


text: overtakelsen

title: overtakelsen


text:
페티시즘

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) fetishism

title: 페티시즘


text: γεωπροωθητή

title: γεωπροωθητή


text: γεωπροωθητών

title: γεωπροωθητών


text: γεωπροωθητές

title: γεωπροωθητές


text:
브로치

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) brooch

title: 브로치


text: Γεωργιανών

title: Γεωργιανών


text:
Template:pcd-conj-ier

Conjugation in Picard

title: Template:pcd-conj-ier


text: overtakelser

title: overtakelser


text: γεωργίας

title: γεωργίας


text:
카바레

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) cabaret

title: 카바레


text:
crotolo

Verb

 * 1)  to cry

Conjugation
No perfect is attested.

title: crotolo


text:
카지노

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) casino

title: 카지노


text: overtakelsene

title: overtakelsene


text: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφου

title: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφου


text: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφο

title: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφο


text: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφε

title: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφε


text: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφων

title: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφων


text: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφους

title: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφους


text: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφοι

title: γεωργοκτηνοτρόφοι


text: Γεωργιανού

title: Γεωργιανού


text:
User:BlackEagle78

Languages I speak: I am comfortable discussing most other European languages; the rest gets a bit blurry.
 * Dutch
 * English
 * German (basic)

title: User:BlackEagle78


text: Γεωργιανό

title: Γεωργιανό


text: Γεωργιανέ

title: Γεωργιανέ


text:
ruidus

Adjective

 * 1) rough

title: ruidus


text: Γεωργιανοί

title: Γεωργιανοί


text: Γεωργιανούς

title: Γεωργιανούς


text: Γεωργιανής

title: Γεωργιανής


text: Γεωργιανές

title: Γεωργιανές


text: γεωργού

title: γεωργού


text: γεωργό

title: γεωργό


text: γεωργέ

title: γεωργέ


text: γεωργών

title: γεωργών


text: γεωργούς

title: γεωργούς


text: γεωργοί

title: γεωργοί


text: γιαλών

title: γιαλών


text: γιαλούς

title: γιαλούς


text: γιαλοί

title: γιαλοί


text: γιαλού

title: γιαλού


text: γιαλό

title: γιαλό


text: γιαλέ

title: γιαλέ


text: γιακά

title: γιακά


text: γιακάδες

title: γιακάδες


text: γιακάδων

title: γιακάδων


text: Γιαπωνέζο

title: Γιαπωνέζο


text: Γιαπωνέζε

title: Γιαπωνέζε


text: γιαουρτιού

title: γιαουρτιού


text: γιαουρτιών

title: γιαουρτιών


text: γιαούρτια

title: γιαούρτια


text:
Aanfang

Etymology
,, from.

Noun

 * 1) start, beginning

title: Aanfang


text: Category:mk:Cities in South Korea

title: Category:mk:Cities in South Korea


text: Category:mk:South Korea

title: Category:mk:South Korea


text: Category:mk:Korea

title: Category:mk:Korea


text: Category:mk:China

title: Category:mk:China


text: Category:mk:Cities in China

title: Category:mk:Cities in China


text:
Template:pcd-conj-er

See documentation at Template talk:ier-conj-ier.

Conjugation in Picard

title: Template:pcd-conj-er


text: Category:mk:Cities in Japan

title: Category:mk:Cities in Japan


text: Category:mk:Japan

title: Category:mk:Japan


text:
Template:pcd-conj-er1

See documentation at Template talk:pcd-conj-er.

Conjugation in Picard

title: Template:pcd-conj-er1


text: Category:mk:Cities in the United Kingdom


text: Category:mk:United Kingdom

title: Category:mk:United Kingdom


text: Category:mk:Cities in England

title: Category:mk:Cities in England


text: Category:mk:England

title: Category:mk:England


text:
volatility buffer

Noun

 * 1)  A pool of capital or other financial instrument through which a person can reduce the impact of losses to their assets in the event of market unpredictability, especially in retirement.

title: volatility buffer


text:
мавжуд

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Adjective

 * 1) available
 * 2) existing

title: мавжуд


text: Плимут

title: Плимут


text: batasunos

title: batasunos


text: batasunas

title: batasunas


text: cableoperadores

title: cableoperadores


text: canciones protesta

title: canciones protesta


text: ala pívots

title: ala pívots


text: cámpings

title: cámpings


text: beatles

title: beatles


text: batasuna

title: batasuna


text: carriles bici

title: carriles bici


text: broncoconstricciones

title: broncoconstricciones


text: cableamientos

title: cableamientos


text: bazokas

title: bazokas


text: bonometros

title: bonometros


text: intercambiadores de calor

title: intercambiadores de calor


text: carapintadas

title: carapintadas


text: cámaras ocultas

title: cámaras ocultas


text: boyantías

title: boyantías


text: billetes verdes

title: billetes verdes


text: butifarradas

title: butifarradas


text: Category:ru:Krais of Russia

title: Category:ru:Krais of Russia


text: Хабаровский край

title: Хабаровский край


text: Category:Khabarovsk Krai

title: Category:Khabarovsk Krai


text: Category:ru:Khabarovsk Krai

title: Category:ru:Khabarovsk Krai


text: Category:Cities in Khabarovsk Krai

title: Category:Cities in Khabarovsk Krai


text: Category:ru:Cities in Khabarovsk Krai

title: Category:ru:Cities in Khabarovsk Krai


text:
Амурск

Etymology
From.

title: Амурск


text: Бикин

title: Бикин


text:
if it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck

Proverb

 * 1) A subject can be identified by observing its habitual characteristics.

Translations

 * Breton: ma nij ul loen evel un houad, ma labenn evel un houad, ma neuñv evel un houad, neuze e tle bezañ un houad
 * French:
 * German: wenn es aussieht wie eine Ente, schwimmt wie eine Ente und quakt wie eine Ente, dann ist es wahrscheinlich eine Ente
 * Portuguese: se parece com um pato, nada como um pato e grasna como um pato, então provavelmente é um pato


text: Советская Гавань

title: Советская Гавань


text:
kadee

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  (naughty) kid, peculiar person
 * 2)  offspring
 * 1)  offspring
 * 1)  offspring

Adjective

 * 1)  great, awesome

title: kadee


text: Template:User wuu-1

title: Template:User wuu-1


text:
User:Kakurady

See Wikipedia:User:Kakurady, Wikipedia:zh:User:Kakurady, WikiFur:User:Kakurady, and WikiFur:zh:User:Kakurady.

Listing wishlist
See Requested_entries_(Chinese)
 * 驚不驚喜，意不意外 (惊不惊喜，意不意外) https://www.qianwenw.com/liuxingyu/113047.html
 * 悲喜交加 (see also: 悲喜, 交加）
 * 外貿協會 (see also: 外貿, 協會, 外貌協會）

title: User:Kakurady


text:
rosmaro

Etymology
, from.

Noun

 * 1) walrus

title: rosmaro


text: rosmaron

title: rosmaron


text: rosmaroj

title: rosmaroj


text: rosmarojn

title: rosmarojn


text: Aanfeng

title: Aanfeng


text:
Beire

Proper noun

 * 1) form of Albert

title: Beire


text:
Aanfenger

Noun

 * 1) beginner, novice

title: Aanfenger


text: Category:Romanian patronymics

title: Category:Romanian patronymics


text:
ikamela

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) camel

title: ikamela


text:
ikesi

Etymology
Borrowed from or from.

Noun

 * 1) case, box

title: ikesi


text:
ikhabethe

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) cupboard

title: ikhabethe


text:
ukhadinale

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) cardinal priest

title: ukhadinale


text:
ikhalenda

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) calendar

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) calendar

title: ikhalenda


text:
ikhasimende

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) customer, client

title: ikhasimende


text: Category:Spanish diminutive adverbs

title: Category:Spanish diminutive adverbs


text:
ikhekhe

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) cake

title: ikhekhe


text:
ikheji

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) cage

title: ikheji


text:
ikheli

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) address

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) address place

title: ikheli


text: Category:Portuguese diminutive pronouns

title: Category:Portuguese diminutive pronouns


text:
ikhethini

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) curtain

title: ikhethini


text:
ikhishi

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) kitchen

title: ikhishi


text:
ukhokho

Noun

 * 1) ancestor

Etymology 2
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) cocoa

title: ukhokho


text:
ukoko

Noun

 * 1) crust

Noun

 * 1)  A type of Yoruba drum played by the

Noun

 * 1) great-grandparent
 * 2) ancestor

title: ukoko


text:
ukhonkolo

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Pronunciation

 * , /ukʰóⁿkʼoːlo/, [ukʰóⁿɠoːlo]

Noun

 * 1) concrete, cement

title: ukhonkolo


text:
ikhonsathi

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) concert

title: ikhonsathi


text: Category:en:Cities in Khabarovsk Krai

title: Category:en:Cities in Khabarovsk Krai


text:
ikhukhamba

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) cucumber

title: ikhukhamba


text:
ikilasi

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) class in a school
 * 2) class on a train

title: ikilasi


text:
ikilogo

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) clock

title: ikilogo


text:
iklabishi

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) cabbage

title: iklabishi


text:
isikole

Etymology
Borrowed from, with rebracketing.

Noun

 * 1) school

title: isikole


text:
ukotini

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) cotton fabric
 * 2) cotton thread

title: ukotini


text:
ilantshi

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lunch

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) lunch

title: ilantshi


text:
ilayisense

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) licence

title: ilayisense


text:
folkevalgt

Adjective

 * 1) elected by the populace at large
 * Bør vi betingelsesløst anerkende legitimiteten af tyranner, blot fordi de er folkevalgte?
 * Ought we to unconditionally recognize the legitimacy of tyrants, merely because they are elected by the people?

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) elected

title: folkevalgt


text:
ilayisi

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) rice

title: ilayisi


text:
isileti

Etymology
Borrowed from, with rebracketing.

Noun

 * 1) slate board to write on

title: isileti


text: Category:Diminutive pronouns by language


text: Category:en:Khabarovsk Krai

title: Category:en:Khabarovsk Krai


text:
uletisi

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) lettuce

title: uletisi


text:
iloli

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) lorry, truck

title: iloli


text:
Aanstreiche

Noun

 * 1) paint, painting
 * 2) coat, coating
 * 1) coat, coating

title: Aanstreiche


text:
folkevalgte

Adjective

 * 1) used as a noun: de folkevalgte
 * 1) used as a noun: de folkevalgte

title: folkevalgte


text:
Aanstrengung

Noun

 * 1) effort

title: Aanstrengung


text:
Aanung

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) idea, notion

title: Aanung


text: teisten

title: teisten


text: teistar

title: teistar


text: teistane

title: teistane


text:
tjeld

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) an oystercatcher, a bird of the family, particularly the Eurasian oystercatcher,.

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1) a tent
 * 2) a curtain
 * 3) a wool blanket
 * 1) a wool blanket

title: tjeld


text:
Module:zu-IPA

local export = {}

local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("zu")

local u = mw.ustring.char

local ACUTE    = u(0x0301) local CIRC     = u(0x0302) local MACRON   = u(0x0304) local CARON    = u(0x030C) local SYLL     = u(0x0329)

local letters_phonemes = { ["a"] = "a", ["e"] = "e", ["i"] = "i", ["o"] = "o", ["u"] = "u", ["c"] = "ǀ", ["ch"] = "ǀʰ", ["nc"] = "ᵑǀ", ["gc"] = "ᶢǀʱ", ["ngc"] = "ᵑǀʱ", ["q"] = "ǃ", ["qh"] = "ǃʰ", ["nq"] = "ᵑǃ", ["gq"] = "ᶢǃʱ", ["ngq"] = "ᵑǃʱ", ["x"] = "ǁ", ["xh"] = "ǁʰ", ["nx"] = "ᵑǁ", ["gx"] = "ᶢǁʱ", ["ngx"] = "ᵑǁʱ", ["b"] = "ɓ", ["bh"] = "b", ["mb"] = "mb", ["d"] = "d", ["dl"] = "ɮ", ["f"] = "f", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["ng"] = "nɡ", ["h"] = "h", ["hh"] = "ɦ", ["hl"] = "ɬ", ["j"] = "dʒ", ["nj"] = "ɲdʒ", ["k"] = "ɠ", ["kh"] = "kʰ", ["kl"] = "kx", ["nk"] = "nk", ["k'"] = "k", ["l"] = "l", ["m"] = "m", ["mh"] = "mʱ", ["n"] = "n", ["nh"] = "nʱ", ["nhl"] = "nɬ", ["ny"] = "ɲ", ["p"] = "p", ["ph"] = "pʰ", ["r"] = "r", ["s"] = "s", ["sh"] = "ʃ", ["t"] = "t", ["th"] = "tʰ", ["tsh"] = "tʃ", ["ntsh"] = "ɲtʃ", ["v"] = "v", ["w"] = "w", ["wh"] = "wʱ", ["y"] = "j", ["yh"] = "jʱ", ["z"] = "z", ["-"] = "ʔ", ["m."] = "m" .. SYLL, ["m" .. ACUTE] = "m" .. ACUTE .. SYLL, ['"'] = "ˈ",	[MACRON] = "ː",	[MACRON .. ACUTE] = ACUTE .. "ː",	[CIRC] = CIRC .. "ː",	[CARON] = CARON .. "ː", }

local function IPA_word(term) local rest = mw.ustring.toNFD(term) local phonemes = {} while mw.ustring.len(rest) > 0 do		-- Find the longest string of letters that matches a recognised sequence in the list local longestmatch = "" for letter, phoneme in pairs(letters_phonemes) do			if mw.ustring.sub(rest, 1, mw.ustring.len(letter)) == letter and mw.ustring.len(letter) > mw.ustring.len(longestmatch) then longestmatch = letter end end -- Convert the string to IPA if mw.ustring.len(longestmatch) > 0 then table.insert(phonemes, letters_phonemes[longestmatch]) rest = mw.ustring.sub(rest, mw.ustring.len(longestmatch) + 1) else table.insert(phonemes, mw.ustring.sub(rest, 1, 1)) rest = mw.ustring.sub(rest, 2) end end return mw.ustring.toNFC(table.concat(phonemes)) end

function export.IPA(frame) local args = frame:getParent.args local term local tone_needed = "" if args[1] then term = args[1] else term = mw.ustring.lower(mw.title.getCurrentTitle.subpageText) tone_needed = "? " end if not (mw.ustring.find(term, '"') or mw.ustring.find(term, "[āēīōūâêîôûā́ḗī́ṓū́]$")) then		-- Penultimate lengthening		term = require("Module:zu-common").split_syllables(term)		if term[2] then			term[#term - 1] = mw.ustring.gsub(term[#term - 1], "[aeiouáéíóú]$", {["a"] = "ā", ["e"] = "ē", ["i"] = "ī", ["o"] = "ō", ["u"] = "ū", ["á"] = "ā́", ["é"] = "ḗ", ["í"] = "ī́", ["ó"] = "ṓ", ["ú"] = "ū́"})		end		term = table.concat(term)	end	term = IPA_word(term)	return require("Module:IPA").format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = } .. tone_needed end

return export

title: Module:zu-IPA


text: Module:zu-IPA/documentation

title: Module:zu-IPA/documentation


text: tjelden

title: tjelden


text: Template:zu-IPA

title: Template:zu-IPA


text: tjeldar

title: tjeldar


text: Template:zu-IPA/documentation

title: Template:zu-IPA/documentation


text:
Aanzugh

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) suit (of clothes), outfit
 * 2) three-piece suit, paletot

title: Aanzugh


text: tjeldane

title: tjeldane


text:
stellan

Etymology
From, from.

Verb

 * 1) to set, to place

title: stellan


text:
Aapehoer

Etymology
, contraction of.

Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) eyebrow

title: Aapehoer


text: Category:ca:Phobias

title: Category:ca:Phobias


text: Category:ca:Fear

title: Category:ca:Fear


text: Category:ar:Semantics

title: Category:ar:Semantics


text:
Aarem

Etymology
, from, from , from , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) arm
 * 2) sleeve
 * 1) sleeve

title: Aarem


text: Category:nl:Taxation

title: Category:nl:Taxation


text:
prijës

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) chieftain
 * 2) commander
 * 3) leader

title: prijës


text:
λελείμμεθον

Verb

 * Scene: Electra to her sister Chrysothemis: now, believing that their brother Orestes is dead, she has plans.
 * Scene: Electra to her sister Chrysothemis: now, believing that their brother Orestes is dead, she has plans.
 * Scene: Electra to her sister Chrysothemis: now, believing that their brother Orestes is dead, she has plans.

Usage notes
One of a small handful of first-person dual verb forms attested in the entire Ancient Greek corpus. The others are and  (v.l. ).

title: λελείμμεθον


text: Äärem

title: Äärem


text:
Aarmel

Etymology
From, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) sleeve

title: Aarmel


text:
User talk:Roxxox

Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contributions so far.

If you are unfamiliar with wiki editing, take a look at Help:How to edit a page. It is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.

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 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words can be added to Wiktionary, though it may be a bit technical and longwinded. The most important part is that Wiktionary only accepts words that have been in somewhat widespread use over the course of at least a year, and citations that demonstrate usage can be asked for when there is doubt.
 * If you already have some experience with editing our sister project Wikipedia, then you may find our guide for Wikipedia users useful.
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Again, welcome! Pkbwcgs (talk) 19:32, 26 January 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Roxxox


text: Category:mk:Cities in North Macedonia

title: Category:mk:Cities in North Macedonia


text: Category:Catalan words by number of syllables


text: Category:Ladin modules

title: Category:Ladin modules


text: Category:English terms borrowed from Turkmen


text: Category:Portuguese terms prefixed with xilo-


text: Category:North Levantine Arabic terms derived from Italian


text: Category:Portuguese terms borrowed from Ligurian


text: Category:Middle English terms derived from Old Saxon


text: Category:Traveller Norwegian terms derived from Sanskrit


text: Category:Finnish terms suffixed with -ssa


text: Category:Asturian terms derived from Celtiberian


text: Category:Middle Chinese modules

title: Category:Middle Chinese modules


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 科 read as とが


text: Category:Icelandic modules

title: Category:Icelandic modules


text: Category:Welsh modules

title: Category:Welsh modules


text: Category:Traveller Norwegian adjectives

title: Category:Traveller Norwegian adjectives


text: Category:nap:Religion

title: Category:nap:Religion


text: Category:Marrucinian verbs

title: Category:Marrucinian verbs


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 柂

title: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 柂


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root שׁ־מ־ד


text: Category:Danish terms suffixed with -iker


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root ב־ע־ר


text: Category:Italian terms derived from Old Chinese


text: Category:Gan modules

title: Category:Gan modules


text: Category:Catalan terms derived from Celtiberian


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kewk-


text: Category:zh:Cities in Italy

title: Category:zh:Cities in Italy


text: Category:goh:Social sciences

title: Category:goh:Social sciences


text: Category:Terms borrowed from Louisiana Creole


text: Category:German terms suffixed with -s

title: Category:German terms suffixed with -s


text: Category:ko:Cities in Italy

title: Category:ko:Cities in Italy


text: Category:gmh:Grammar

title: Category:gmh:Grammar


text: Category:ppl:Names

title: Category:ppl:Names


text: Category:English terms prefixed with talo-


text: Category:Proto-Balto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰegʷʰ-


text: Category:Umbrian terms by lexical property


text: Category:English terms prefixed with m-

title: Category:English terms prefixed with m-


text: Category:Proto-Anatolian entry maintenance


text: Category:Dutch terms suffixed with -enij


text: Category:Northern Kurdish terms by phonemic property


text: Category:Icelandic terms by phonemic property


text: Category:Finnish terms by phonemic property


text: Category:Czech terms by phonemic property


text: Category:Russian terms by phonemic property


text: Category:Ancient Greek terms by phonemic property


text: 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰

title: 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰


text: 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃

title: 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃


text: Category:Translingual transliterations of Ancient Greek terms


text: Category:Thai transliterations of English terms


text: Category:Transliterations of Arabic terms


text:
Talk:spend time

spend time: vakit geçirmek, zaman geçirmek --123snake45 (talk) 19:55, 26 January 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:spend time


text:
Aarsch

Etymology
From and, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  ass, butt
 * 2)  arsehole, asshole, anus
 * 1)  arsehole, asshole, anus

Etymology
From and, from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) ass, posterior, buttocks
 * 2) butt end of an egg

title: Aarsch


text: Äärsch

title: Äärsch


text: Category:Catalan terms by phonemic property


text: Инчон

title: Инчон


text:
-'-

Interfix

 * CD'en
 * the CD
 * FN's menneskerettighedserklæring
 * the UN's human rights declaration
 * Det staves med tre s'er!
 * It is spelled with three s's!
 * It is spelled with three s's!


text: Улсан

title: Улсан


text: Category:mk:Cities in Germany

title: Category:mk:Cities in Germany


text: klår

title: klår


text:
klårt

Adjective

 * 1)  clearly
 * 1)  clearly

title: klårt


text: klåre

title: klåre


text: klårare

title: klårare


text: klårast

title: klårast


text:
User talk:HoodWolf

Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contributions so far.

If you are unfamiliar with wiki editing, take a look at Help:How to edit a page. It is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.

These links may help you familiarize yourself with Wiktionary:

 * Entry layout (EL) is a detailed policy documenting how Wiktionary pages should be formatted. All entries should conform to this standard. The easiest way to start off is to copy the contents of an existing page for a similar word, and then adapt it to fit the entry you are creating.
 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words can be added to Wiktionary, though it may be a bit technical and longwinded. The most important part is that Wiktionary only accepts words that have been in somewhat widespread use over the course of at least a year, and citations that demonstrate usage can be asked for when there is doubt.
 * If you already have some experience with editing our sister project Wikipedia, then you may find our guide for Wikipedia users useful.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * A glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.
 * If you have anything to ask about or suggest, we have several discussion rooms. Feel free to ask any other editors in person if you have any problems or question, by posting a message on their talk page.

You are encouraged to add a BabelBox to your userpage. This shows which languages you know, so other editors know which languages you'll be working on, and what they can ask you for help with.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome! Pkbwcgs (talk) 20:38, 26 January 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:HoodWolf


text: Category:ro:Statistics

title: Category:ro:Statistics


text: statisticieni

title: statisticieni


text:
statisticiană

Etymology
From.

title: statisticiană


text: statisticiene

title: statisticiene


text:
recomanable

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) recommendable

title: recomanable


text: recomanables

title: recomanables


text: leande

title: leande


text: skytande

title: skytande


text:
pànic

Etymology
, neuter singular of.

Noun

 * 1) panic overpowering fright

title: pànic


text: pànics

title: pànics


text: 𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃

title: 𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐍃


text: 𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌼

title: 𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉𐌼


text: 𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉

title: 𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐍉


text: 𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌿𐍃

title: 𐌸𐌿𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌿𐍃


text:
User talk:Focfollet

Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contributions so far.

If you are unfamiliar with wiki editing, take a look at Help:How to edit a page. It is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.

These links may help you familiarize yourself with Wiktionary:

 * Entry layout (EL) is a detailed policy documenting how Wiktionary pages should be formatted. All entries should conform to this standard. The easiest way to start off is to copy the contents of an existing page for a similar word, and then adapt it to fit the entry you are creating.
 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words can be added to Wiktionary, though it may be a bit technical and longwinded. The most important part is that Wiktionary only accepts words that have been in somewhat widespread use over the course of at least a year, and citations that demonstrate usage can be asked for when there is doubt.
 * If you already have some experience with editing our sister project Wikipedia, then you may find our guide for Wikipedia users useful.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * A glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.
 * If you have anything to ask about or suggest, we have several discussion rooms. Feel free to ask any other editors in person if you have any problems or question, by posting a message on their talk page.

You are encouraged to add a BabelBox to your userpage. This shows which languages you know, so other editors know which languages you'll be working on, and what they can ask you for help with.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome! Pkbwcgs (talk) 20:59, 26 January 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Focfollet


text:
læ

Verb

 * 1)  to walk around

Etymology
From, from , cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬. The adjective is probably originally a different derivation from the same root:, from , compare also , which is the source of , , , and. These words go back to, cf. ,,.

Noun

 * 1) shelter from the wind, lee
 * Byen ligger i læ af bjerget.
 * The town is sheltered from the wind by the mountain.

Adjective

 * 1) being on the lee side

Verb

 * 1) to shelter

Etymology
Typographic combination of.

Article

 * 1)  the

Pronoun

 * 1)  them

Etymology 1
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) mild

Etymology 2
From.

title: læ


text:
productivitat

Noun

 * 1) productivity state of being productive

title: productivitat


text:
User:Pkbwcgs

User subpages

 * User:Pkbwcgs/warn unsourced
 * User:Pkbwcgs/Original Barnstar
 * User:Pkbwcgs/warn inappropriate pages
 * User:Pkbwcgs/warn level 1 vandalism
 * User:Pkbwcgs/warn level 2 vandalism
 * User:Pkbwcgs/Anti-Vandalism barnstar
 * User talk:Pkbwcgs/Archive/January 2017
 * User talk:Pkbwcgs/Archive/February 2017
 * User talk:Pkbwcgs/Archive/March 2017
 * User:Pkbwcgs/Add Audio.js
 * User:Pkbwcgs/Twinkle test.js (Test page)
 * User:Pkbwcgs/Twinkle.js
 * User:Pkbwcgs/warn level 3 vandalism
 * User:Pkbwcgs/Twinkle warn.js

Pages that I have created

 * Strécher
 * gebilt
 * gebitzt
 * abjectures
 * Lesebücher
 * Lesebuches
 * defaitistje
 * Forsts
 * dropped dimes
 * dropping dimes
 * drops dimes
 * postjudged
 * postjudging
 * postjudges

Broken Redirects

 * 1) has a look-see
 * 2) having a look-see
 * 3) had a look-see
 * 4) θα θέλουμε
 * 5) /-j(o)/
 * 6) אִוָּה
 * 7) מישׁר
 * 8) פּעמה
 * 9) نړيوالې غږيږه ابېڅې
 * 10) User:Aryamanarora/MediaWiki/Sidebar
 * 11) User:Awesomemeeos/farsi
 * 12) User:Iudexmortuorum/002
 * 13) Appendix:Words in Sichuanese that are different from Standard Mandarin
 * 14) Cleanup and deletion process/Requests/Incorrect topical categorizations
 * 15) Appendix:webster 1913:138
 * 16) Appendix:webster 1913:1507
 * 17) Appendix:webster 1913:16
 * 18) Appendix:webster 1913:273
 * 19) Appendix:webster 1913:367
 * 20) Appendix:webster 1913:370
 * 21) Appendix:webster 1913:619
 * 22) Appendix:webster 1913:643
 * 23) Appendix:webster 1913:665
 * 24) Appendix:webster 1913:666
 * 25) Appendix:webster 1913:692
 * 26) Appendix:webster 1913:840
 * 27) Appendix:webster 1913:979

title: User:Pkbwcgs


text: Category:Zulu terms prefixed with ka-

title: Category:Zulu terms prefixed with ka-


text:
over het hoofd zien

Verb

 * 1)  to overlook, to not notice something (especially intentionally)
 * 1)  to overlook, to not notice something (especially intentionally)

title: over het hoofd zien


text:
ikhona

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) corner
 * 2)  corner kick

title: ikhona


text: multiculturals

title: multiculturals


text:
Module:enm-conj

local export = {}

local m_links = require("Module:links") local m_utils = require("Module:utilities")

local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("enm")

function table_find (t, pattern) for _, v in pairs(t) do	if v == pattern then return true end end end

conj_data = { params = { -- Basic parameters ["class"] = {list = true, default = "ed", allow_holes = true}, ["type"] = {}, ["head"] = {}, [1] = {}, --		[1] = {default = string.sub(mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text, 1, -3)}, [2] = {},		[3] = {},		[4] = {},		[5] = {},		-- Form replacement parameters ["inf"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["1s"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["2s"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["3s"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["p"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["sub"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["imp_p"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["part"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["p_1s"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["p_2s"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["p_p"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["p_sub"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["p_part"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, -- Principal part replacement parameters ["1a"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["2a"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["3a"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["4a"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["5a"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["obl"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, -- Weak form parameters ["w_class"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true, default = "none"}, ["w_irr"] = {}, ["w_p"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["w_part"] = {type = "boolean", default = false}, -- Strong form parameters ["s_class"] = {list = true, allow_holes = true, default = "none"}, ["s2"] = {list = "s2_", allow_holes = true}, ["s3"] = {list = "s3_", allow_holes = true}, ["s4"] = {list = "s4_", allow_holes = true}, -- Miscellaneous parameters ["s"] = {}, ["i"] = {default = "1"}, ["nopres"] = {type = "boolean", default = false}, ["y"] = {}, ["pf"] = {default = "0"}, ["irr"] = {type = "boolean"}, ["nocat"] = {type = "boolean", default = false}, -- Aliases ["c"] = {alias_of = "class", list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["past"] = {alias_of = "w_p", list = true, allow_holes = true}, ["t"] = {alias_of = "type"}, ["w"] = {alias_of = "w_class", list = true, allow_holes = true, default = "none"}, ["sc"] = {alias_of = "s_class", list = true, allow_holes = true, default = "none"}, ["w_s"] = {alias_of = "s"}, }, } setmetatable(conj_data, {__call = function(self, args, data, conj_type)	if conj_type ~= "st" and conj_type ~= "wk" and conj_type ~= "irr" then		error("Unknown conjugation '" .. conj_type .. "'")	end	if args[1]:sub(1,1) == "*" then		error("Redundant asterisks")	end	local function weak_forms(class, stem, alt_stem, irr_stem)		classnames = {}		if table_find (class, "irr") then			s_stem = alt_stem		else			s_stem = irr_stem 		end			for k, v in ipairs(class) do			if conj_type == "wk" then				l = k - 1			else				l = k			end				if v == "irr" then 				if not args[2] then					error("Past stem required for weak irregular verbs")				end				if table_find(classnames, "irregular") ~= true then					table.insert(classnames, "irregular")				end				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_1s, irr_stem .. "e")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_2s, irr_stem .. "est")				table.insert(data.forms.past_sub_s, irr_stem .. "e")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, irr_stem .. "en")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, irr_stem .. "e")				table.insert(data.forms.past_part, irr_stem)				if args.nocat == false then					table.insert(data.categories, "Middle English irregular weak verbs")				end			end			if v == "sl" then 				if table_find(classnames, "suffixless") ~= true then					table.insert(classnames, "suffixless")				end				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_1s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "e")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_2s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "est")				table.insert(data.forms.past_sub_s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "e")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "en")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "e")				table.insert(data.forms.past_part, args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem)			end			if v == "te" then 				if table_find(classnames, "in -te") ~= true then					table.insert(classnames, "in -te")				end				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_1s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "te")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_2s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "test")				table.insert(data.forms.past_sub_s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "te")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "ten")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "te")				table.insert(data.forms.past_part, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "t")			end			if v == "de" then 				if table_find(classnames, "in -de") ~= true then					table.insert(classnames, "in -de")				end				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_1s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "de")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_2s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "dest")				table.insert(data.forms.past_sub_s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "de")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "den")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "de")				table.insert(data.forms.past_part, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "d")			end			if v == "ed" then 				if table_find(classnames, "in -ed") ~= true then					table.insert(classnames, "in -ed")				end				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_1s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "ed")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_2s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "edest")				table.insert(data.forms.past_sub_s, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "ed")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "eden")				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "ede")				table.insert(data.forms.past_part, (args.w_p[l] or s_stem or stem) .. "ed")			end		end	end	local function build_wk_classnames(names)		local names = table.concat(names, "/")		local names = mw.ustring.gsub(names, "-ed/in ", "-ed/")		local names = mw.ustring.gsub(names, "-te/in ", "-te/")		local names = mw.ustring.gsub(names, "-te/in ", "-de/")		return names	end		data.forms["inf"] = {args.head or (args[1] .. "en"), (args[1] .. "e")}	data.forms["pres_ind_1s"] = {args[1] .. "e"}	data.forms["pres_ind_2s"] = {(s_23 or args[1]) .. "est"}	data.forms["pres_ind_3s"] = {(s_23 or args[1]) .. "eth"}	data.forms["pres_ind_p"] = {args[1] .. "en", args[1] .. "e"}

data.forms["pres_sub_s"] = {args[1] .. "e"} data.forms["imp_p"] = {args[1] .. "eth", args[1] .. "e"} data.forms["pres_part"] = {(args[1] .. "ynge"), (args[1] .. "ende")} if conj_type == "st" then if mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText == "Template" then data.conj_type = "strong class 1" elseif args.class[1] == "ed" then error("Class parameter required for strong verbs") elseif not args[2] then error("Past stem required for strong verbs") elseif args.irr == true then data.conj_type = "strong class " .. table.concat(args.class, "/") .. ", irregular" if args.nocat == false then table.insert(data.categories, "Middle English irregular strong verbs") end else data.conj_type = "strong class " .. table.concat(args.class, "/") .. "" end data.forms["past_ind_1s"] = {args[2]} data.forms["past_ind_2s"] = {(args[3] or args[2]) .. "e"} data.forms["past_ind_p"] = {(args[3] or args[2]) .. "en", (args[3] or args[2]) .. "e"}

data.forms["past_sub_s"] = {(args[3] or args[2]) .. "e"} data.forms["past_part"] = {(args[4] or args[1]) .. "en", (args[4] or args[1]) .. "e"} s_23 = args[5] for _, v in ipairs(args["1a"]) do table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_1s, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_2s, v .. "est") table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_3s, v .. "eth") table.insert(data.forms.inf, v .. "en") table.insert(data.forms.inf, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_p, v .. "en") table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_p, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.pres_sub_s, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.pres_part, v .. "ynge") table.insert(data.forms.pres_part, v .. "ende") table.insert(data.forms.imp_p, v .. "eth") table.insert(data.forms.imp_p, v .. "e") end for _, v in ipairs(args["3a"]) do table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_2s, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.past_sub_s, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, v .. "en") table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, v .. "e") end -- Must be inserted here to keep similar second singular past forms together table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_2s, args[2]) for _, v in ipairs(args["2a"]) do			table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_1s, v)			table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_2s, v)		end for _, v in ipairs(args["4a"]) do table.insert(data.forms.past_part, v .. "en") table.insert(data.forms.past_part, v .. "e") end end if conj_type == "wk" then data.forms.past_ind_1s = {} data.forms.past_ind_2s = {} data.forms.past_ind_p = {} data.forms.past_sub_s = {} data.forms.past_part = {} args["w_p"] = args["2a"] s_23 = args[3] ext_classes = args.class

for k = 1, 10 do			if ext_classes[k] == nil and ext_classes[k+1] ~= nil then table.insert(ext_classes, k, args.class[1]) end end

if #ext_classes < #args["2a"] + 1 then repeat table.insert(ext_classes, 2, args.class[1]) until #ext_classes == #args["2a"] + 1 end weak_forms(ext_classes, args[1], args.s, args[2])

data.conj_type = "weak " .. build_wk_classnames(classnames) .. "" if args.s_class[1] == "none" and (args.s2[1] or args.s3[1] or args.s4[1]) then error("Class parameter required for strong forms") end if args.s_class[1] ~= "none" then if not (args.s2[1] or args.s3[1] or args.s4[1]) then error("At least one strong past form must be set") end for _, v in ipairs(args["s3"]) do table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_2s, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.past_sub_s, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, v .. "en") table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, v .. "e") end for _, v in ipairs(args["s2"]) do				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_1s, v)				table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_2s, v)			end for _, v in ipairs(args["s4"]) do table.insert(data.forms.past_part, v .. "en") table.insert(data.forms.past_part, v .. "e") end if s_set ~= true then data.conj_type = data.conj_type .. " or strong class " .. table.concat(args.s_class, "/") .. "" end local s_set = true end end if conj_type == "irr" then data.forms.past_sub_s = {} if args.type == "been" then data.conj_type = "irregular, suppletive" data.forms["inf"] = {"been", "be"} data.forms["pres_ind_1s"] = {"am", "be"} data.forms["pres_ind_2s"] = {"art", "bist"} data.forms["pres_ind_3s"] = {"is", "bith"} data.forms["pres_ind_p"] = {"aren", "are", "been", "be"} data.forms["past_ind_1s"] = {"was"} data.forms["past_ind_2s"] = {"were"} data.forms["past_ind_p"] = {"weren", "were"} data.forms["pres_sub_s"] = {"be"} data.forms["pres_sub_p"] = {"been", "be"} data.forms["imp_p"] = {"beth", "be"} data.forms["pres_part"] = {"beynge", "beende"} data.forms["past_part"] = {"been", "be"} if args.nocat == false then table.insert(data.categories, "Middle English suppletive verbs") end elseif args.type == "don" then data.conj_type = "irregular" data.forms["inf"] = {"don", "do"} data.forms["pres_ind_1s"] = {"do"} data.forms["pres_ind_2s"] = {"dost", "dest"} data.forms["pres_ind_3s"] = {"doth", "deth"} data.forms["pres_ind_p"] = {"don", "do"} data.forms["past_ind_1s"] = {"dide"} data.forms["past_ind_2s"] = {"didest", "dide"} data.forms["past_ind_p"] = {"diden", "dide"} data.forms["pres_sub_s"] = {"do"} data.forms["imp_p"] = {"doth", "do"} data.forms["pres_part"] = {"doynge", "donde"} data.forms["past_part"] = {"don", "do"} if args.nocat == false then table.insert(data.categories, "Middle English irregular verbs") end elseif args.type == "gon" then data.conj_type = "irregular, suppletive" data.forms["inf"] = {"gon", "go"} data.forms["pres_ind_1s"] = {"go"} data.forms["pres_ind_2s"] = {"gost", "gest"} data.forms["pres_ind_3s"] = {"goth", "geth"} data.forms["pres_ind_p"] = {"gon", "go"} data.forms["past_ind_1s"] = {"yede", "wente"} data.forms["past_ind_2s"] = {"yedest", "wentest"} data.forms["past_ind_p"] = {"yeden", "yede", "wenten", "wente"} data.forms["pres_sub_s"] = {"go"} data.forms["imp_p"] = {"goth", "go"} data.forms["pres_part"] = {"goynge", "gonde"} data.forms["past_part"] = {"gon", "go"} if args.nocat == false then table.insert(data.categories, "Middle English suppletive verbs") end elseif args.type == "willen" then data.conj_type = "irregular" data.forms["inf"] = {"willen", "wille", "wollen", "wolle"} data.forms["pres_ind_1s"] = {"wille", "wolle"} data.forms["pres_ind_2s"] = {"wilt", "wolt"} data.forms["pres_ind_3s"] = {"wille", "wolle"} data.forms["pres_ind_p"] = {"willen", "wille", "wollen", "wolle"} data.forms["past_ind_1s"] = {"wolde"} data.forms["past_ind_2s"] = {"woldest", "wolde"} data.forms["past_ind_p"] = {"wolden", "wolde"} data.forms["pres_sub_s"] = {"wille"} data.forms["imp_p"] = {"—"} data.forms["pres_part"] = {"willynge", "willende"} data.forms["past_part"] = {"—"} if args.nocat == false then table.insert(data.categories, "Middle English defective verbs") end else data.conj_type = "preterite-present" if not args[2] then error("Past stem required for preterite-present verbs") end data.forms["inf"] = {args.head or ((args[3] or args[1]) .. "en"), ((args[3] or args[1]) .. "e")} data.forms["pres_ind_1s"] = {args[1]} data.forms["pres_ind_2s"] = {args[4] or (args[1] .. "st")} data.forms["pres_ind_3s"] = {args[1]} data.forms["pres_ind_p"] = {(args[3] or args[1]) .. "en", (args[3] or args[1]) .. "e"} data.forms["past_ind_1s"] = {args[2] .. "e"} data.forms["past_ind_2s"] = {args[2] .. "est"} data.forms["past_ind_p"] = {args[2] .. "en", args[2] .. "e"} data.forms["pres_sub_s"] = {(args[3] or args[1]) .. "e"} data.forms["imp_p"] = {(args[3] or args[1]) .. "eth", (args[3] or args[1]) .. "e"} data.forms["pres_part"] = {((args[3] or args[1]) .. "ynge"), ((args[3] or args[1]) .. "ende")} data.forms["past_part"] = {(args[3] or args[1]) .. "en", (args[3] or args[1]) .. "e"} if args.w_class[1] ~= "none" then table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_2s, args[2] .. "est") table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_3s, args[2] .. "eth") end if args.nocat == false then table.insert(data.categories, "Middle English preterite-present verbs") end end for _, v in ipairs(args["1a"]) do			table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_1s, v)			table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_3s, v)		end for _, v in ipairs(args["2a"]) do table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_1s, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_2s, v .. "est") table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, v .. "en") table.insert(data.forms.past_ind_p, v .. "e") end for _, v in ipairs(args["obl"]) do table.insert(data.forms.inf, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_p, v .. "en") table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_p, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.pres_sub_s, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.imp_p, v .. "eth") table.insert(data.forms.imp_p, v .. "e") end for _, v in ipairs(args["3a"]) do table.insert(data.forms.inf, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_p, v .. "en") table.insert(data.forms.pres_ind_p, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.pres_sub_s, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.pres_part, v .. "ynge") table.insert(data.forms.pres_part, v .. "ende") table.insert(data.forms.past_part, v .. "en") table.insert(data.forms.past_part, v .. "e") table.insert(data.forms.imp_p, v .. "eth") table.insert(data.forms.imp_p, v .. "e") end end if conj_type ~= "wk" then weak_forms(args.w_class, args[1], args.s, args.w_irr) if args.w_class[1] ~= "none" and wk_set ~= true then data.conj_type = data.conj_type .. " or weak " .. build_wk_classnames(classnames) .. "" end local wk_set = true end local function custom_form(forms, slot) if table_find(forms, "—") == true then for k, _ in pairs(forms) do				slot[k] = nil end slot[1] = "—" slot[2] = nil else for k, v in pairs(forms) do				slot[k] = v	   	end for k, v in pairs(slot) do				slot[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(v, "ttt", "tt") end for k, v in pairs(slot) do				slot[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(v, "ghtt", "ght") end for k, v in pairs(slot) do				slot[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(v, "ddd", "dd") end for k, v in pairs(slot) do				slot[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(v, "[nsrl][stld][td]", {					["ntt"] = "nt",					["stt"] = "st",					["rtt"] = "rt",					["ltt"] = "lt",					["ndd"] = "nd",					["sdd"] = "sd",					["rdd"] = "rd",					["ldd"] = "ld",					["lld"] = "ld",					["sdt"] = "st",					["ndt"] = "nt",					["rdt"] = "rt",					["ldt"] = "lt",					["sst"] = "st",					["llt"] = "lt",					["lld"] = "ld",				}) end end end

custom_form(args.inf, data.forms.inf) custom_form(args["1s"], data.forms.pres_ind_1s) custom_form(args["2s"], data.forms.pres_ind_2s) custom_form(args["3s"], data.forms.pres_ind_3s) custom_form(args.p, data.forms.pres_ind_p) custom_form(args["sub"], data.forms.pres_sub_s) custom_form(args.imp_p, data.forms.imp_p) custom_form(args.part, data.forms.pres_part) custom_form(args.p_1s, data.forms.past_ind_1s) custom_form(args.p_2s, data.forms.past_ind_2s) custom_form(args.p_p, data.forms.past_ind_p) custom_form(args.p_sub, data.forms.past_sub_s) custom_form(args.p_part, data.forms.past_part) if args["nopres"] == true then data.forms.pres_ind_1s = {"—"} data.forms.pres_ind_2s = {"—"} data.forms.pres_ind_3s = {"—"} data.forms.pres_ind_p = {"—"} data.forms.pres_sub_s = {"—"} data.forms.pres_part = {"—"} data.forms.imp_p = {"—"} data.forms.pres_part = {"—"} end

if args["i"] == "0" then data.forms.inf = {"—"} data.forms.imp_p = {"—"} data.forms.pres_part = {"—"} data.forms.past_part = {"—"} end if args["w_part"] == true then table.insert(data.forms.past_part, args[2]) for _, v in ipairs(args["2a"]) do			table.insert(data.forms.past_part, v)		end end for k, v in pairs(data.forms.past_part) do		data.forms.past_part[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(v, "dd$", "d") end for k, v in pairs(data.forms.past_part) do		data.forms.past_part[k] = mw.ustring.gsub(v, "tt$", "t") end

local function find_dash(v) if table_find (v, "—") == true then table.insert(data.categories, "Middle English defective verbs") if def_set ~= true then data.conj_type = data.conj_type .. ", defective" end def_set = true end end for _, v in pairs(data.forms) do		find_dash(v) end if args.pf ~= "0" then local function add_prefix(t) for k, v in ipairs(t) do				if v ~= "0" then t[k] = args.pf .. v				end end end for _, v in pairs(data.forms) do			 add_prefix(v) end elseif args.y == "0" or table_find (data.forms.past_part, "—") then elseif args.y == "2" then yforms = {} for k, v in ipairs(data.forms.past_part) do yforms[k] = "y" .. v		end if data.forms.past_part[4] then y_abbrev = 1 else for _, item in pairs(yforms) do				table.insert(data.forms.past_part, item) end end elseif args.y == "p1" then data.forms.past_part[#data.forms.past_part + 1] = "y" .. data.forms.past_part[1] elseif args.y == "p2" then if not data.forms.past_part[2] then error("Parameter 'y' is set to 'p2', but only one past participle was supplied") else data.forms.past_part[#data.forms.past_part + 1] = "y" .. data.forms.past_part[2] end elseif args.y == "p3" then if not data.forms.past_part[3] then error("Parameter 'y' is set to 'p3', but less than three past participles were supplied") else data.forms.past_part[#data.forms.past_part + 1] = "y" .. data.forms.past_part[3] end else if data.forms.past_part[2] then data.forms.past_part[#data.forms.past_part + 1] = "y" .. data.forms.past_part[1] data.forms.past_part[#data.forms.past_part + 1] = "y" .. data.forms.past_part[2] else data.forms.past_part[#data.forms.past_part + 1] = "y" .. data.forms.past_part[1] end end if args.nocat == false then if conj_type == "st" then for _, v in ipairs(args.class) do table.insert(data.categories, "Middle English class " .. v .. " strong verbs") end end if args.s_class[1] ~= "none" then for _, v in ipairs(args.s_class) do table.insert(data.categories, "Middle English class " .. v .. " strong verbs") end end if conj_type == "wk" or args.w_class[1] ~= "none" then table.insert(data.categories, "Middle English weak verbs") end end end })

local function add_asterisks(forms, data) for _, form in ipairs(forms) do		for i, subform in ipairs(data.forms[form]) do data.forms[form][i] = "*" .. subform end end end

-- The main entry point; this is the only function that can be invoked from a template. function export.show(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent.args local conj_type = (frame.args["conj"] or parent_args["conj"]) or "st"

local data = {forms = {}, categories = {}} data.head = parent_args["head"] or nil

local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parent_args, conj_data.params, true) -- Override for templates if not args[1] then setmetatable(args, {__index = function(self, key)			return ""		end		}) end -- Generate the forms conj_data(args, data, conj_type)

-- Make the table local function show_form(form) if not form then return "—" end local ret = {} for key, subform in ipairs(form) do			if mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText == "Reconstruction" and subform ~= "—" then subform = "*" .. subform end if subform == "0" then elseif subform == "y0" then elseif subform == "—" then table.insert(ret, "—") elseif form == data.forms["past_sub_s"]	then table.insert(ret, m_links.full_link({lang = lang, term = subform}) .. [=[1 ]=]) elseif form == data.forms["past_part"] and y_abbrev == 1 then table.insert(ret, "(" .. m_links.full_link({lang = lang, alt = "y", term = yforms[key]}) .. ")" .. m_links.full_link({lang = lang, term = subform})) else table.insert(ret, m_links.full_link({lang = lang, term = subform})) end end return table.concat(ret, ", ") end data.forms["title"] = {} --	table.insert(data.forms.title, mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text)

local function repl(param) if param == "title" and mw.title.getCurrentTitle.nsText == "Reconstruction" then return "*" .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle.subpageText elseif param == "title" then return mw.title.getCurrentTitle.subpageText elseif param == "conj_type" then return data.conj_type elseif param == "inf" and not table_find(data.forms.inf, "—" ) then return "(to) " .. show_form(data.forms[param]) --		elseif param == "past_part" and y_abbrev == 1 then --			return "(to) " .. show_form(data.forms["past_part"]) else return show_form(data.forms[param]) end end if conj_type == "irr" and parent_args.type == "been" then local wikicode = [=[ Conjugation of  1 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular. ]=]	return (mw.ustring.gsub(wikicode, "", repl)) .. m_utils.format_categories(data.categories, lang) elseif table_find(data.forms.imp_p, "—") then local wikicode = [=[ Conjugation of  1 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular. ]=]	return (mw.ustring.gsub(wikicode, "", repl)) .. m_utils.format_categories(data.categories, lang) elseif conj_type == "st" or (parent_args.sc or parent_args.s_class) ~= nil then local wikicode = [=[ Conjugation of  1 Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English. 2 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular. ]=]	return (mw.ustring.gsub(wikicode, "", repl)) .. m_utils.format_categories(data.categories, lang) else local wikicode = [=[ Conjugation of  1 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular. ]=]	return (mw.ustring.gsub(wikicode, "", repl)) .. m_utils.format_categories(data.categories, lang) end end

return export

title: Module:enm-conj


text: Template:enm-conj-wk

title: Template:enm-conj-wk


text:
Template:enm-conj-wk/documentation

This template automatically generates a conjugation table for Middle English weak verbs; it replaces and offers several advancements over it. There are three Middle English conjugation templates, all based on Module:enm-conj; the choice of template depends on the type of verb: Details about the use of each template can be found on their documentation pages, though their operation is broadly similar.
 * : the template for weak verbs, which can be identified by their past in -d- or -t-. Most Middle English verbs are weak.
 * : the template for strong verbs, which form their past by modifying the stem vowel.
 * : the template for a few verbs which are particularly irregular, including the so-called preterite-present verbs.

Basic parameters
These parameters control the basic operation of the template; they should be all that's needed for most weak verbs. If an unlisted option is entered for y or class, it is treated as if the default option was entered.
 * class or c (optional) Controls the suffix used to form the verb's past forms. Multiple classes can be set using class2, class3, etc.
 * ed (default) Past forms are formed with -ed; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.
 * te Past forms are formed with -te; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.
 * de Past forms are formed with -de; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.
 * sl Past forms are formed without a suffix; automatically supplies the appropriate forms and title.
 * irr Past forms are formed unpredictably; automatically supplies the appropriate title. If enabled, 2 is required due to the forms' unpredictability.
 * 1 (required) The verbal stem (with any endings removed).
 * 2 (usually optional; see below) Used to set unpredictable past forms; the exact function of this parameter depends on whether irr is set.
 * If class (or class2, etc.) is =irr, this is the combined stem and suffix used to form the past, without any endings.
 * Otherwise, this is the stem used to form the past, without any suffixes or endings.
 * If a verb has multiple classes set, 2a, 2a2, etc. can be used to assign a distinct stem to each one.
 * 3 (optional) The stem used to form the second- and third- person singular, if not predictable.
 * s (optional) If multiple classes are set, one of which is =irr, 2 will only control the forms for =irr. Any other unpredictable forms can be set with this parameter, which takes the stem (like 2).
 * y (optional) Controls the presence of past participial variants prefixed with y-. This operates after all other parameters, so any custom past participles will automatically have variants with y- generated.
 * 0 No past participles have y- added to them.
 * 1 (default) The first past participle specified receives a variant with y-; any additional ones do not.
 * 2 All specified past participles receive variant with y-. If there is only one past participle, this behaves identically to 1.
 * p1 The first past participle specified receives a variant with y-; any others do not. If only one past participle is specified, this behaves identically to 1.
 * p2 The second past participle specified receives a variant with y-; any others do not. If only one past participle is specified, an error is returned.
 * p3 The third past participle specified receives a variant with y-; any others do not. If less than three past participles are specified, an error is returned.
 * nocat (optional) Suppresses automatic categorisation.
 * nopast (optional) If set to anything other than =0, =no, =n, or =false, marks present forms as nonexistent.

Strong forms
In Middle English, some weak verbs have acquired an optional strong past; these parameters can be used to add such past forms. Additionally, if a historically strong verb is mostly weak in Middle English, it is recommended that is used with these parameters (rather than ).
 * s_class or sc (required if strong forms are set) Changes the class of the strong forms (displayed on the template header and used to categorise the verb). While any value can be entered, this should be a number from =1 to =7. Multiple classes can be set using class2, class3, etc.
 * At least one of the following parameters is required if s_class is set:
 * s2: The past singular stem (with any endings removed). If alternative stems exist, add them using s2_2, s2_3, etc.
 * s3: The past plural/subjunctive stem (with any endings removed). If alternative stems exist, add them using s3_2, s3_3, etc.
 * s4: The past participial stem (with any endings removed). If alternative stems exist, add them using s4_2, s4_3, etc.

Form replacement
Special parameters exist for specifying custom verb forms to replace the automatically generated forms. To add variants for a custom-generated form, affix =2 after the second, a =3 after the third and so on (e.g. inf, inf2, inf3 and so on for the infinitive). Variants can be added while retaining some (or all) of the automatically-generated forms; this is done by making "gaps" in the enumeration of alternative forms (for example, to add a custom infinitive variant, but retain all the default forms, enter it as inf3, as two infinitive forms are specified by default).

The following form replacement parameters are accepted:
 * inf: infinitive
 * 1s: first-person singular present indicative
 * 2s: second-person singular present indicative
 * 3s: third-person singular present indicative
 * p: plural present indicative/subjunctive
 * sub: singular present subjunctive/imperative
 * imp_p: plural imperative
 * part: present participle
 * p_1s: first/third-person singular past indicative and singular past subjunctive
 * p_2s: second-person singular past indicative
 * p_p: plural past (indicative and subjunctive)
 * p_part: past participle

The form replacement parameters accept the following special characters:

 * =0 Marks the variant slot as blank. Useful if a form has multiple automatically-generated variants, but only one variant actually exists for that verb. For example, if a verb only has one infinitive variant, 0 can be used to suppress the second automatically-generated infinitive.
 * =— Marks the form as nonexistent for that verb. If this is used, no other variants should be entered. For example, — can be used to indicate that a verb has no infinitive.

Minor variants
Solely orthographic variants (including those which display the loss of final schwa), such as third-person singular presents with -þ instead of -th or present participles with -yng instead of -ynge, should not be added when using this template. Instead, they should be listed as alternative forms on the appropriate verb form's page.

title: Template:enm-conj-wk/documentation


text:
objectiviteit

Etymology
From.

title: objectiviteit


text:
subjectiviteit

Etymology
Borrowed from. Equivalent to.

title: subjectiviteit


text:
publiciteit

Etymology
Borrowed from or. Equivalent to.

title: publiciteit


text: Category:Middle English weak verbs

title: Category:Middle English weak verbs


text:
abnormaliteit

Etymology
From.

title: abnormaliteit


text:
missatger

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) messenger one who brings messages

title: missatger


text: missatgers

title: missatgers


text: missatgera

title: missatgera


text: missatgeres

title: missatgeres


text:
brutaliteit

Etymology
From.

title: brutaliteit


text:
desvalijamiento

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) robbery

title: desvalijamiento


text:
incumplible

Adjective

 * 1) unreachable, unattainable

title: incumplible


text:
irrigación

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) irrigation
 * 2) circulation (of blood)

title: irrigación


text:
miqueta

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) ; a tiny bit, a hint

title: miqueta


text: miquetes

title: miquetes


text:
margariteño

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1)  of

Noun

 * 1) an inhabitant of the island of  in Venezuela

title: margariteño


text:
warholiano

Etymology
From +.

Adjective

 * 1)  Warholian of or relating to Andy Warhol

title: warholiano


text:
wikipediano

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  Wikipedian a person who contributes to Wikipedia

Adjective

 * 1)  of or relating to Wikipedia

title: wikipediano


text:
wikipedista

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Wikipedian

Noun

 * 1)  Wikipedian a person who contributes to Wikipedia

Noun

 * 1)  Wikipedian a person who contributes to Wikipedia

title: wikipedista


text: дзён

title: дзён


text: дні

authors: Андрей Романенко

title: дні


text:
User:Ungoliant MMDCCLXIV/relterms

 * Portuguese

title: User:Ungoliant MMDCCLXIV/relterms


text: Category:German terms derived from Zulu

title: Category:German terms derived from Zulu


text: Category:German terms borrowed from Zulu


text: Category:de:Elapid snakes

title: Category:de:Elapid snakes


text: Category:German terms derived from Nguni languages


text:
Aarschback

Etymology
From ; cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  buttock

title: Aarschback


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2017/January 27


text:
Aarschdaarem

Noun

 * 1)  rectum terminal part of the large intestine
 * 2) Dish made with beef or pork intestine stuffed with ground meat.

title: Aarschdaarem


text: Aarschdäärem

title: Aarschdäärem