text:
fat bike

Etymology
From, from the fat tires such bicycles are equipped with, and their correspondingly wider frames needed to accommodate the width of the tires.

Noun

 * 1)  A bicycle equipped with larger than normal tyres and a wider frame to accommodate them, which provides better traction on off-road surfaces such as sand or snow.

Translations

 * French:, vélo hivernal, vélo sur neige , , ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Ukrainian: фетбайк

Etymology
Anglicism.

title: fat bike


text:
amidoalkylation

Noun

 * 1)  Formation of, or reaction with an amidoalkyl radical

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: amidoalkylation


text: aminoalcohol

title: aminoalcohol


text: aminoalcohols

title: aminoalcohols


text:
aminooxindole

Noun

 * 1)  Any amino derivative of an oxindole

title: aminooxindole


text: aminooxindoles

title: aminooxindoles


text:
aminooxygenation

Noun

 * 1)  Any reaction in which an amine and an oxygen radical are added across a double bond

title: aminooxygenation


text: fatbike

title: fatbike


text:
Citations:sindikato

Noun: "a syndicate"

 * 2011 — Suarez, Lloyd, Vigilantes ang Mibira kang Dodong Belandres? (12 December), Super Hirit, Cebu Daily News
 * Kun di kini tinud-on possible pang moabot ang panahon nga  magbutang ang mga sindikato diha og gam-anan  sa  shabu.

 * 2012 — Caminade-Vestil, Lesley, Sindikato sa Pekeng Land Tiltles Nasakpan (12 October), Banat News
 * Tulo ka mga babaye nga gidudahang sakop sa usa ka sindikato sa pagpamaligya og mga pekeng titulo sa yuta atol sa gihimong entrapment operation sa Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) 7.

 * 2013 — Bañoc, Ruphil, Hukom-bitay (03 July), SuperBalita Cebu
 * Samot na og nabiktima lang sa sindikato ang mao nga OFW. Matud sa Migrante International nga dakong sindikato sa drugas ang migamit sa atong mga OFW sa ilang operasyon.

title: Citations:sindikato


text:
aminopalladation

Noun

 * 1)  Any reaction that adds an amino group and a palladium atom across a double bond

title: aminopalladation


text:
amphiphilically

Adverb

 * 1)  By means of amphiphilic substances

title: amphiphilically


text: anomerisation

title: anomerisation


text:
antifreezing

Adjective

 * 1) That prevents freezing

Related terms

 * antifreeze

Translations

 * Greek: αντιψυκτικός

title: antifreezing


text:
arylacetaldehyde

Noun

 * 1)  Any aryl derivative of acetaldehyde

title: arylacetaldehyde


text: arylacetaldehydes

title: arylacetaldehydes


text:
arylboronate

Noun

 * 1)  Any aryl boronate

title: arylboronate


text: arylboronates

title: arylboronates


text:
arylimidazol

Noun

 * 1)  Any aryl derivative of imidazol

title: arylimidazol


text:
arylimidazolide

Noun

 * 1)  Any aryl derivative of an imidazolide

title: arylimidazolide


text:
imidazolide

Noun

 * 1)  An N-anion derived from imidazoline

title: imidazolide


text:
arylthioacetamide

Noun

 * 1)  Any aryl derivative of thioacetamide

title: arylthioacetamide


text: arylthioacetamides

title: arylthioacetamides


text:
astrobiologically

Etymology
or

Adverb

 * 1) By means of, or in reference to astrobiology

title: astrobiologically


text: Wiktionary:Foreign Word of the Day/2016/December 7


text:
бэха

Noun

 * 1)  Beamer

title: бэха


text:
astroseismicity

Noun

 * 1) The state of being astroseismic

title: astroseismicity


text:
unevolvable

Adjective

 * 1) Not evolvable.

title: unevolvable


text:
astroseismic

Adjective

 * 1)  relating to the seismic activity of a star

Related terms

 * astroseismology

title: astroseismic


text:
సౌమిత్రి

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  son of Sumitra
 * 2)  epithet (matronymic) of Lakshmana, younger brother of Rāma in Hindu epic Ramayana.

title: సౌమిత్రి


text: Category:Telugu matronymics

title: Category:Telugu matronymics


text:
సుమిత్ర

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * 1)  Sumitra : The third wife of king Dasaratha in Ramayana.

title: సుమిత్ర


text:
widz

Etymology
, . Analyzable as a.

Noun

 * 1) spectator, onlooker, viewer

title: widz


text:
widziadło

Etymology
, from. .

Noun

 * 1) specter, phantom

authors: Гражданская оборона

title: widziadło


text: Category:Matronymics by language

title: Category:Matronymics by language


text: 𤳯

title: 𤳯


text: 𧇄

title: 𧇄


text:
勃勃

Adjective

 * 1) thriving; vigorous; exuberant; burgeoning

title: 勃勃


text: bóbó

title: bóbó


text: yóuzhī

title: yóuzhī


text:
učestvovati

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to participate, take part

title: učestvovati


text:
telinevoimistelu

Noun

 * 1)  artistic gymnastics

title: telinevoimistelu


text:
ռազմավարական

Adjective

 * 1) strategic

title: ռազմավարական


text:
ultraderechismo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) far-right politics

title: ultraderechismo


text:
sodomización

Noun

 * 1) sodomization

title: sodomización


text:
europeísmo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Europeanism

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) Europeanism

title: europeísmo


text:
destronque

Etymology 1
.

Noun

 * 1) cutting down (of a tree trunk)
 * 2) uprooting
 * 3) maiming, mutilation
 * 1) maiming, mutilation

title: destronque


text: amniotas

title: amniotas


text:
tournaisiano

Adjective

 * 1) Tournaisian

Noun

 * 1) Tournaisian

title: tournaisiano


text:
monomotor

Etymology
From, probably borrowed from Continental European applications; compare with 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1)  Having a single traction motor driving the axles on a bogie.

Etymology
.

Adjective

 * 1) one-motor

title: monomotor


text:
misisipiano

Adjective

 * 1) Mississippian

Noun

 * 1) Mississippian

title: misisipiano


text: inconciente

title: inconciente


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root ר־ו־ע


text:
carbonífero

Adjective

 * 1) Carboniferous

Noun

 * 1) Carboniferous

title: carbonífero


text:
antisistémico

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) antisystem

title: antisistémico


text: antisistémica

title: antisistémica


text: Category:Persian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰew-


text: Category:Icelandic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeh₂-


text: Category:Proto-Celtic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃enh₂-


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 馬 read as むま


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with kanji read as むま


text: Category:English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleyǵ-


text: Category:Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeydʰ-


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 亡 read as な


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 厨 read as くりや


text:
destroncar

Verb

 * 1) to cut down (a tree trunk)
 * 2) to cut short, cut off
 * 3) to maim, mutilate
 * 4) to ruin
 * 5) to wear down, wear out

title: destroncar


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 曇 read as たん


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root א־ר־ן


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with kanji read as くりや


text:
rasmilladura

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) scratch

title: rasmilladura


text:
chompita

Etymology
From.

title: chompita


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 浜 read as ひん


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root ח־ל־ם


text: Category:Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ-


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root כ־ר־ז


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 潜 read as むぐ


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root ע־ב־ת


text: copresidenta

title: copresidenta


text: Category:Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed-


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ed-


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with kanji read as むぐ


text: Category:Hebrew terms belonging to the root ר־ע־ה


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 腸 read as はらわた


text: Category:Hebrew terms in the pattern תַּקְטִיל


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with kanji read as はらわた


text: abakuá

title: abakuá


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 謎 read as なぞ


text: Category:Icelandic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleh₁-


text: Category:Proto-Celtic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃lem-


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 陰 read as ほと


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with kanji read as なぞ


text: Category:Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃lem-


text: Category:Japanese terms spelled with kanji read as ほと


text:
videomensaje

Noun

 * 1) video message

title: videomensaje


text:
vicediretora

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) vice director

title: vicediretora


text:
tomógrafo

Noun

 * 1) tomograph

title: tomógrafo


text:
subregistro

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) subregister

title: subregistro


text:
sintomatología

Noun

 * 1) symptomatology

title: sintomatología


text:
sifonaje

Noun

 * 1) siphoning

title: sifonaje


text:
ribavirina

Noun

 * 1) ribavirin

title: ribavirina


text:
reanálisis

Noun

 * 1) reanalysis

title: reanálisis


text:
rastafarismo

Noun

 * 1) Rastafarianism

title: rastafarismo


text:
radiocirugía

Noun

 * 1) radiosurgery

title: radiocirugía


text:
politrauma

Noun

 * 1) polytrauma

title: politrauma


text:
pesquizaje

Noun

 * 1) screening

title: pesquizaje


text:
peladura

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) peeling (of skin)
 * 2) falling out (of hair)

title: peladura


text:
ortovoltaje

Noun

 * 1) orthovoltage

title: ortovoltaje


text:
labilidad

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) lability

title: labilidad


text:
lastimadura

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) injury

title: lastimadura


text:
flebolinfología

Noun

 * 1) phlebolymphology

title: flebolinfología


text:
eticidad

Noun

 * 1) ethical behaviour

title: eticidad


text: escaras

title: escaras


text:
electrocardiografía

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  electrocardiography

title: electrocardiografía


text:
ecocardiografía

Noun

 * 1) echocardiography

title: ecocardiografía


text:
coronariopatía

Noun

 * 1) coronaropathy

title: coronariopatía


text:
coronariografía

Noun

 * 1) coronarography

title: coronariografía


text:
cicladora

Noun

 * 1) cycler machine

title: cicladora


text:
ciberlector

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cyberreader

title: ciberlector


text:
angioradiología

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) angioradiology

title: angioradiología


text:
gynophagy

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The eating of women.

title: gynophagy


text:
rãnh

Noun

 * 1) a gutter
 * 2)  a trough

title: rãnh


text:
hyppypukki

Noun

 * 1)  vaulting horse apparatus

title: hyppypukki


text:
uimahyppytorni

Noun

 * 1) diving tower

title: uimahyppytorni


text:
hyppyteline

Noun

 * 1)  vaulting horse apparatus
 * 2)  vault, vaulting table apparatus
 * 3) Any man-made structure intended to serve as base for jumping.

title: hyppyteline


text:
佛塔

Noun

 * 1)  pagoda; stupa

title: 佛塔


text: fótǎ

title: fótǎ


text: føremiddagen

title: føremiddagen


text: føremiddagar

title: føremiddagar


text: føremiddagane

title: føremiddagane


text:
Turum

Proper noun

 * , now Turi

title: Turum


text:
vaulting table

Noun

 * 1)  An apparatus featuring a flat, large, and cushioned surface almost parallel to the floor sloping downward at the end closest to the springboard.

Translations

 * Finnish: hyppyarkku
 * German: Sprungtisch

title: vaulting table


text:
Trinius

Proper noun

 * 1)  that flows into the Adriatic Sea near the town of Histonium, now the river Trigno

title: Trinius


text:
Histonium

Proper noun

 * 1) A town of the Frentani situated on the Adriatic coast, now the town of Vasto

title: Histonium


text: dàyǒu

title: dàyǒu


text:
Buca

Proper noun

 * 1)  A city of the Frentani situated in Samnium on the Adriatic coast, whose exact position is still unknown

Etymology
From

title: Buca


text: dàyǒukěwéi

title: dàyǒukěwéi


text:
lærerik

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) informative, instructive, educational

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) informative, instructive, educational

title: lærerik


text:
Cimon

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Proper noun

 * 1) An Athenian statesman and general, son of Miltiades

title: Cimon


text:
hyppyarkku

Noun

 * 1)  vaulting table, vault apparatus

title: hyppyarkku


text:
mergae

Etymology
Probably from a root common with 🇨🇬,  and maybe 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a two-pronged pitchfork

title: mergae


text:
histon

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) A weaving room, the place where the loom stands

title: histon


text:
содамкундо

Noun

 * 1)  encyclopedia

title: содамкундо


text: lærerikt

title: lærerikt


text:
hittus

Noun

 * 1) the sound of the dog when it hunts

title: hittus


text:
hittio

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to murmur (especially during hunting)

Conjugation
No perfect is attested.

title: hittio


text:
куломс

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to die

Derived terms

 * nouns: кулокс, кулома, кулыця
 * verbs: куловтомс, кулокшномс

Etymology
From, from. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,  🇨🇬

Verb

 * 1) to die

title: куломс


text:
култаемс

Verb

 * 1) to limp, be lame

Derived terms

 * nouns: култаема, култаиця
 * verbs: култаевтемс, култаезевемс, култаекшнемс

title: култаемс


text: lærerike

title: lærerike


text:
кулсемс

Etymology
Related to.

Verb

 * 1) to be epileptic

Derived terms

 * nouns: кулсема, кулсигай

title: кулсемс


text:
plain ball

Adverb

 * 1)  Hitting the cue ball in the center.

Adjective

 * 1)  Hitting the cue ball in the center.

title: plain ball


text:
haaraistunta

Noun

 * 1)  straddle

title: haaraistunta


text:
ك ف ر

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬 as in in Yom Kippur. Compare.

Root

 * 1) related to disbelief, rejection; concealing; atonement, forgiving.

title: ك ف ر


text:
азор

Etymology
From, from , whence also 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. Ultimately borrowed from. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) master, owner
 * 2)  Mister form of address
 * 1)  Mister form of address

Derived terms

 * nouns: азорава
 * verbs: азоркстамс
 * adverb: азоркс
 * compounds: венчазор, инязор, калмазор, каназор, кудазор, одазор, олязор, ошазор

title: азор


text:
先令

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1) shilling

title: 先令


text:
elaqueo

Verb

 * 1)  to  from snares  fetters; to, to

title: elaqueo


text: xiānlìng

title: xiānlìng


text:
佔住

Verb

 * 1) to occupy; to hold; to seize

title: 佔住


text:
Алгамасторт

Proper noun

 * 1)  the Netherlands

title: Алгамасторт


text:
麝貓

Noun

 * 1) civet

title: 麝貓


text:
靈貓

Noun

 * 1) civets in the family

title: 靈貓


text:
haarakynttilä

Noun

 * 1) A type of candle which has more than one, typically two to five, branches supported by a common stem in the manner of a candelabrum; this type of candle seems to originate from Sweden, where it is called ; in English they might be called "branched candle" but there's no established term for them.

title: haarakynttilä


text: 麝猫

title: 麝猫


text: 灵猫

title: 灵猫


text:
šiaurės pašvaistė

Noun

 * 1) aurora, aurora borealis, polar lights

title: šiaurės pašvaistė


text: shèmāo

title: shèmāo


text: língmāo

title: língmāo


text: gawds

title: gawds


text:
勞工市場

Noun

 * 1)  labor market

title: 勞工市場


text:
勞動市場

Noun

 * 1)  labor market

title: 勞動市場


text:
girdyti

Verb

 * 1)  to drench, give someone drink
 * žirgelį girdyti - to give a horse water

Derived terms

title: girdyti


text: 劳工市场

title: 劳工市场


text: 劳动市场

title: 劳动市场


text:
elaqueatio

Noun

 * 1)   from snares, ,
 * 2) * 1662, Johannes Conradus Dannhawer, Liber Conſcientiæ Apertus, ſive Theologiæ Conſcientiariæ, volume I, pars prima hiatrica, sectio secunda pathologica, articulus iii: “Conſcientiæ laqueus”, § 11, page :
 * "la"

- Obligat conſcientia laqueata ad ſui elaqueationem 1. Timoth. 2, 26.

 * 1) * 2000, Archives d’Histoire de l’Art, Umetnostno zgodovinsko društvo, volume XXXVI, page :
 * "la"

- De elaqueatione pullorum

 * 1) * ibidem:
 * "la"

- De elaqueatione equorum

title: elaqueatio


text:
Citations:elaqueatio

 * 1662, Johannes Conradus Dannhawer, Liber Conſcientiæ Apertus, ſive Theologiæ Conſcientiariæ, volume I, pars prima hiatrica, sectio secunda pathologica, articulus iii: “Conſcientiæ laqueus”, § 11, page :
 * "la"

- Obligat conſcientia laqueata ad ſui elaqueationem 1. Timoth. 2, 26.

 * 2000, Archives d’Histoire de l’Art, Umetnostno zgodovinsko društvo, volume XXXVI, page :
 * "la"

- De elaqueatione pullorum

 * ibidem:
 * "la"

- De elaqueatione equorum

title: Citations:elaqueatio


text: láodòng shìchǎng

title: láodòng shìchǎng


text: láodòng shìcháng

title: láodòng shìcháng


text: láogōng shìchǎng

title: láogōng shìchǎng


text: láogōng shìcháng

title: láogōng shìcháng


text:
憨厚

Adjective

 * 1) simple and honest; straightforward

title: 憨厚


text: hānhòu

title: hānhòu


text: hānhou

title: hānhou


text:
venesæl

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) friendly, popular, well-liked

title: venesæl


text:
附設

Verb

 * 1) to be attached to of an institution, department, etc.

title: 附設


text: 附设

title: 附设


text: fùshè

title: fùshè


text:
刻石

Verb

 * 1) to engrave on stone

Noun

 * 1) engraved stone slabs

title: 刻石


text:
瘡口

Noun

 * 1) open part of a sore

title: 瘡口


text: 疮口

title: 疮口


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mértis

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  death


text:
手創

Verb

 * 1) to establish with one's own hands

title: 手創


text: 手创

title: 手创


text:
在在

Noun

 * 1)  everywhere
 * 2)  in all respects

title: 在在


text: venesæle

title: venesæle


text: Category:English terms borrowed from Aramaic


text: zàizài

title: zàizài


text:
學步

Verb

 * 1) to learn how to walk
 * 2) to follow; to imitate

title: 學步


text: 学步

title: 学步


text: venesælt

title: venesælt


text:
佳作

Noun

 * 1) excellent work; masterpiece; masterwork

Noun

 * 1) good, commendable piece work

title: 佳作


text: jiāzuò

title: jiāzuò


text:
大油

Noun

 * 1)  lard
 * 2)  linseed oil

title: 大油


text: dàyóu

title: dàyóu


text: niúyóu

title: niúyóu


text:
Rhymes:Swedish/ɪsk

One syllable

 * disk
 * fisk
 * frisk
 * pisk
 * risk
 * smisk

Two syllables

 * obelisk

Three syllables

 * heraldisk

title: Rhymes:Swedish/ɪsk


text:
overbreathe

Verb

 * 1)  To hyperventilate.

title: overbreathe


text:
overbreathing

Noun

 * 1) Hyperventilation.
 * 2) Excessive breathing.

title: overbreathing


text: overbreathes

title: overbreathes


text:
撕毀

Verb

 * 1) to tear up; to tear to shreds

title: 撕毀


text:
overmother

Verb

 * 1)  To mother somebody too much; to mollycoddle.

title: overmother


text: overmothered

title: overmothered


text: overmothers

title: overmothers


text: overmothering

title: overmothering


text:
私黨

Noun

 * 1) personal clique or faction

title: 私黨


text:
私憤

Noun

 * 1) personal spite

Noun

 * 1) personal spite

title: 私憤


text:
כיפר

Etymology
From a root, cognate with 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1) to cover
 * 2) to pardon sin, forgive
 * 3) to obtain forgiveness
 * 4) to expiate an offense
 * 5) to make expiation for an offender, to free from charge
 * 6) to appease one who has been injured, e.g. by paying a fee

title: כיפר


text:
私貨

Noun

 * 1) smuggled goods; contraband goods
 * 2)  private property

title: 私貨


text:
私念

Noun

 * 1) selfish motives or ideas

title: 私念


text:
私塾

Noun

 * 1)  traditional Chinese private school where classical literature and Confucianism used to be taught

title: 私塾


text:
私慾

Noun

 * 1) selfish desire

title: 私慾


text:
絲弦

Noun

 * 1)  silk string
 * 2) Hebei provincial opera

title: 絲弦


text:
絲織品

Noun

 * 1) silk fabric
 * 2) silk knit goods

title: 絲織品


text:
死地

Noun

 * 1) fatal position; deathtrap

Noun

 * 1) deathplace; deathtrap; place to die
 * 2) deathplace; place where one died
 * 1) deathplace; place where one died

Antonyms

 * : birthplace; place where one can survive

title: 死地


text: shàngyìng

title: shàngyìng


text: 丝织品

title: 丝织品


text: 丝弦

title: 丝弦


text: 私欲

title: 私欲


text: 私货

title: 私货


text: 私愤

title: 私愤


text: 私党

title: 私党


text: 撕毁

title: 撕毁


text:
Кранцмастор

Etymology
From Russian or other European language, with -мастор added. The change of "f" into "kv", "k" is a regular development, compare: Кома (Thomas), Квёдор (Theodore), Квилё (Philipp), Крола/кролов (Florus).

Proper noun

 * 1) France

title: Кранцмастор


text: shēnxīn

title: shēnxīn


text:
אלוקינו

Noun

 * 1)  Deliberate misspelling of . (.)

title: אלוקינו


text: lotterier

title: lotterier


text:
User talk:1Veertje

Hello
Another Dutch Wikipedian on Wiktionary!

Keep up the good work Vera,

Amin (talk) 15:50, 6 December 2016 (UTC)

 * 👍 1Veertje (talk) 18:02, 6 December 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:1Veertje


text:
soap scum

Noun

 * 1) The buildup of insoluble calcium or magnesium fatty acids from the use of soap with hard water, which leads to a dulling of surfaces and acts as a matrix for trapping soils.

Translations

 * German: Kalkseife

title: soap scum


text:
Էդմոն

Etymology
From.

Proper noun

 * , Edmon

title: Էդմոն


text:
User:Sdavis8282

I am Sam the straightener of definitions.

title: User:Sdavis8282


text: lotteriene

title: lotteriene


text:
User talk:Sdavis8282

Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contributions so far.

If you are unfamiliar with wiki editing, take a look at Help:How to edit a page. It is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.

These links may help you familiarize yourself with Wiktionary:

 * Entry layout (EL) is a detailed policy documenting how Wiktionary pages should be formatted. All entries should conform to this standard. The easiest way to start off is to copy the contents of an existing page for a similar word, and then adapt it to fit the entry you are creating.
 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words can be added to Wiktionary, though it may be a bit technical and longwinded. The most important part is that Wiktionary only accepts words that have been in somewhat widespread use over the course of at least a year, and citations that demonstrate usage can be asked for when there is doubt.
 * If you already have some experience with editing our sister project Wikipedia, then you may find our guide for Wikipedia users useful.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * A glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.
 * If you have anything to ask about or suggest, we have several discussion rooms. Feel free to ask any other editors in person if you have any problems or question, by posting a message on their talk page.

You are encouraged to add a BabelBox to your userpage. This shows which languages you know, so other editors know which languages you'll be working on, and what they can ask you for help with.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome! - TheDaveRoss 16:03, 6 December 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sdavis8282


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weh₁ros

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) true

Descendants

 * (+ -të)
 * (+ -të)
 * (+ -të)


text:
User talk:Korh2wos

Welcome
As a side note, I'd mention that you should be careful when creating entries such as. The formation of this term is unclear, since we do not know the placement of the accent of the ablaut pattern. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me or one of the other PIE editors like. — JohnC5 16:16, 6 December 2016 (UTC)

 * So to avoid any errors, should I errase the page or just the declension chart?Plus I don't know If you'll receive a notification or I must answer you somewhere else. Korh2wos (talk) 20:43, 6 December 2016 (UTC)
 * For the moment, this page should be fine. — JohnC5 21:13, 7 December 2016 (UTC)

dis-
In your edit summary you asked for feedback, so I'd like to give you some.

Firstly, the way you changed the link, it now pointed to a page for a different word. This doesn't help people with knowing anything about. It would be a bit like having a link to that points to. Yes, they're related, but a link that points to an irrelevant page is worse than a red link.

Secondly, you used the template, which is intended to be used when a term is inherited from the source language into the current language. But this term is not inherited from PIE to English, because there is at least one stage of borrowing in between.

I hope this helps. —CodeCat 21:30, 19 December 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Korh2wos


text:
intercourser

Noun

 * 1)  Someone or something that engages in social or business intercourse.
 * 2)  Someone who has sexual intercourse.
 * 1)  Someone who has sexual intercourse.
 * 1)  Someone who has sexual intercourse.
 * 1)  Someone who has sexual intercourse.

Synonyms

 * Thesaurus:copulator

title: intercourser


text:
lamestreamer

Noun

 * 1)  A mainstreamer.

title: lamestreamer


text:
私話

Noun

 * 1) private words; message not told to other people

title: 私話


text: 私话

title: 私话


text:
User talk:MartinKassemJ120

Welcome!

Hello, welcome to Wiktionary, and thank you for your contributions so far.

If you are unfamiliar with wiki editing, take a look at Help:How to edit a page. It is a concise list of technical guidelines to the wiki format we use here: how to, for example, make text boldfaced or create hyperlinks. Feel free to practice in the sandbox. If you would like a slower introduction we have a short tutorial.

These links may help you familiarize yourself with Wiktionary:

 * Entry layout (EL) is a detailed policy documenting how Wiktionary pages should be formatted. All entries should conform to this standard. The easiest way to start off is to copy the contents of an existing page for a similar word, and then adapt it to fit the entry you are creating.
 * Our Criteria for inclusion (CFI) define exactly which words can be added to Wiktionary, though it may be a bit technical and longwinded. The most important part is that Wiktionary only accepts words that have been in somewhat widespread use over the course of at least a year, and citations that demonstrate usage can be asked for when there is doubt.
 * If you already have some experience with editing our sister project Wikipedia, then you may find our guide for Wikipedia users useful.
 * The FAQ aims to answer most of your remaining questions, and there are several help pages that you can browse for more information.
 * A glossary of our technical jargon, and some hints for dealing with the more common communication issues.
 * If you have anything to ask about or suggest, we have several discussion rooms. Feel free to ask any other editors in person if you have any problems or question, by posting a message on their talk page.

You are encouraged to add a BabelBox to your userpage. This shows which languages you know, so other editors know which languages you'll be working on, and what they can ask you for help with.

I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wiktionarian! If you have any questions, bring them to the Information desk, or ask me on my talk page. If you do so, please sign your posts with four tildes: ~ which automatically produces your username and the current date and time.

Again, welcome! --WikiTiki89 16:31, 6 December 2016 (UTC)

Arabic pronunciations
Hi! It's great that you are adding pronunciations to Arabic words. We have certain practices we follow with pronunciations in standard Arabic, which are that we don't show the quality changes in short vowels because they vary between dialects. Please learn from my corrections to your edits rather than reverting them. --WikiTiki89 16:31, 6 December 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:MartinKassemJ120


text:
User talk:Ondosentattu00

Hi. Wiktionary doesn't accept names or words that you've just made up. You can add them to WT:LOP instead. Thanks. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 16:37, 6 December 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ondosentattu00


text:
死絕

Verb

 * 1) to die out; to be exterminated; to become extinct

title: 死絕


text:
死棋

Noun

 * 1) dead piece in a game of chess
 * 2) hopeless case; stupid move

title: 死棋


text:
死訊

Noun

 * 1) news of someone's death

title: 死訊


text:
死囚

Noun

 * 1) convict sentenced to death; convict awaiting execution

title: 死囚


text:
死硬

Adjective

 * 1) stiff; inflexible
 * 2) very obstinate; die-hard

title: 死硬


text:
四體

Noun

 * 1)  four limbs of a human; arms and legs

title: 四體


text:
肆行

Verb

 * 1) to act recklessly

title: 肆行


text:
nøye

Etymology 1
From, , from. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Verb

 * 1)  to be content, to settle (with)
 * 2)  to satisfy
 * 1)  to satisfy

Adjective

 * 1) careful, particular
 * 2) close, exact, intimate

title: nøye


text:
肆意

Adverb

 * 1) wantonly; recklessly; wilfully

title: 肆意


text:
伺機

Verb

 * 1) to watch for one's chance

title: 伺機


text: 伺机

title: 伺机


text: 四体

title: 四体


text: 死讯

title: 死讯


text: 死绝

title: 死绝


text: Thesaurus:massotherapist

title: Thesaurus:massotherapist


text:
softgrain

Alternative forms

 * soft-grain

Adjective

 * 1)  Composed of white flour with kibbled grains added for extra texture.

title: softgrain


text:
soft-grain

Adjective

 * 1)  Flexible; pliable.
 * 1)  Flexible; pliable.
 * 1)  Flexible; pliable.
 * 1)  Flexible; pliable.
 * 1)  Flexible; pliable.

title: soft-grain


text:
ottefull

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) anxious, apprehensive, uneasy

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) anxious, apprehensive, uneasy

title: ottefull


text: Category:Rade terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian


text: montebanc

title: montebanc


text: Category:Rade terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian


text: Category:Rade inherited terms

title: Category:Rade inherited terms


text: Category:Jarai terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian


text: Category:Jarai inherited terms

title: Category:Jarai inherited terms


text: Category:Jarai terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian


text: ottefullt

title: ottefullt


text:
koste wat kost

Etymology
, which is also used in Dutch texts.

Phrase

 * 1)  at all costs

title: koste wat kost


text:
Talk:unconditional love

RFD discussion: September–November 2016
An entry created by User:Tooironic in 2010. Several translations have been added since into the translations box, most of which are either redlinks or separated links to the parts. However, there is one translation entry that has actually been created, amor incondicional (Spanish), that I believe is also SOP for the same reason. So keep in mind that that entry is also being RFD'd here.

The reason I'm RFDing this entry is because the term's definition "Affection felt for someone that is not dependent on certain qualities or actions." may not look like it is SOP, but that definition is a rather outside the box way of saying unconditional + love. I was already suspicious when I looked at the entry, but the real thing that inspired me to RFD was the fact that I could also say unconditionally love (a verb meaning "to love someone in a way that is not dependent on certain qualities or actions"). Also we could form it backwards and say love unconditionally, or especially love someone unconditionally. That's not an RFD rationale in itself, but it goes to show that unconditional love isn't really a set phrase, which moreso suggests the SOPness of the term. PseudoSkull (talk) 01:52, 20 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Hmm. Wikipedia has an entry on this term, which suggests it isn't totally SOP, so am leaning keep. You might say the same about unconditional surrender, which is likewise similar to but not quite the same as unconditional + surrender (for example, an unconditional surrender does in fact come with certain conditions). Also, your argument about the ability to say "love unconditionally", "unconditionally love", etc. isn't really probative because lots of idioms can be flipped around or rearranged in certain ways. For example, the expression "to drive one up the wall" can be passivized but it's still an idiom (the Free Dictionary gives the example "I was being driven up the wall by their silly chatter"), and you can insert certain words in the middle, cf. drive me completely up the wall. Benwing2 (talk) 02:49, 20 September 2016 (UTC)

 * Tempted to say keep. A mother's unconditional love for her child is not literally unconditional - it depends on the condition that the beloved is her child. Smurrayinchester (talk) 13:43, 20 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I think in fact that unconditional in practical, not lexical terms doesn't always mean without condition. Renard Migrant (talk) 16:02, 20 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Is it? Say, a father unconditionally loves his child, but later he finds out that he isn't actually the biological father - does that cause the love for his child to cease immediately? -- Pedrianaplant (talk) 20:08, 20 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Of course, unconditional still means without condition, it doesn't change the meaning of the word, so much as people don't always mean what they say absolutely literally. Like someone who's 100% committed probably isn't, but that doesn't change the meaning of 100%. PS how do we not have 100%? It's clearly not SoP. Renard Migrant (talk) 22:16, 20 September 2016 (UTC)

 * And a perfect circle isn't actually perfect. This is more about how people use words loosely than about what the word means. Equinox ◑ 15:43, 21 September 2016 (UTC)
 * It's basically the same reason why we have an entry for unicorn even though there are no unicorns. Dictionaries do meanings, whether the thing they're talking about exists or not is irrelevant. Renard Migrant (talk) 19:54, 4 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Delete as SOP per Equinox. - -sche (discuss) 19:25, 23 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Delete per Equinox. DCDuring TALK 20:15, 23 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Delete: SoP. — SMUconlaw (talk) 19:18, 14 November 2016 (UTC)

Deleted. —msh210℠ (talk) 09:46, 28 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:unconditional love


text:
Talk:high school diploma

RFD discussion: September–November 2016
high school + diploma --WikiTiki89 15:16, 30 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Delete. Just a disambiguating modifier. DCDuring TALK 16:48, 30 September 2016 (UTC)
 * "An academic degree awarded or granted after finishing high school" delete per creator. Renard Migrant (talk) 19:33, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

Deleted. —msh210℠ (talk) 09:42, 28 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Abstain: I like to keep these kinds of entries but I cannot find good enough supporting material. finds this in portuguesedictionary.net, bab.la, and Collins, but I do not find them all that convincing. --Dan Polansky (talk) 09:12, 2 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Delete, transparent SOP. bd2412 T 15:18, 27 October 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:high school diploma


text:
Talk:womantic

RFV discussion: June–November 2016
I just see cutesy spellings of "romantic". —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 01:54, 25 June 2016 (UTC)
 * Cited. DTLHS (talk) 20:16, 25 June 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV passed. It appears that three of the citations are durably archived. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 05:36, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:womantic


text:
Talk:雷電神

RFV discussion: May–November 2016
Probably nonsense —suzukaze (t・c) 23:36, 11 May 2016 (UTC)
 * There is some, other results are more specific and refer to 水火雷電神. However in Chinese, seems 雷電神 is used generally to refer a god of thunder and lightning? Perhaps it is a new adaptation from the Chinese to expand the Japanese? 天人了 (talk) 03:01, 14 May 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 05:30, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:雷電神


text:
Talk:fornim

RFV discussion: July–November 2016
Was this ever used in modern English (after 1500)? DTLHS (talk) 02:48, 25 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I cannot find any Modern uses, no. 1413 - 1430 looks to be the extent in the written record. Leasnam (talk) 03:32, 25 July 2016 (UTC)

 * It's definitely not something dialectal. The latest mention I have got is ( the spelling is modernized )ː" And ye, that might have been my leech, have me fornom tongue and speech" . It is from about 1430. So I would not call it Modern English. In the later version, from 1456, the verb formin is replaced by the verb reave which leads me to believe that it was "obsolete" even then.
 * Compare the two versionsː
 * And ye, that might have been my leech, have me fornom tongue and speech (1430)
 * And ye, that might have been my leech, have reft from me (the) tongue and speech (1456)
 * So, in my aught, no it does not really pass muster as Modern English by about 20 to 50 years. And by the bye, I consider most of the stuff that made it past 1450 Modern English. Mountebank1 (talk) 04:22, 25 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Possibly. Were it not obsolete it was certainly archaic (--some older folks may have likely still had some familiarity with the term). In any event, let's move the entry to Middle English Leasnam (talk) 14:46, 25 July 2016 (UTC)

 * English L2 RFV failed and converted to Middle English. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 05:41, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:fornim


text:
Talk:thalhear

RFV discussion: July–November 2016
Manx by User:Embryomystic. How can I verify this meets WT:ATTEST? I apologize if this is obvious to Manx contributors. --Dan Polansky (talk) 15:19, 15 July 2016 (UTC)
 * It's in several online Manx dictionaries, though I don't know to what extent they're reliable enough to meet the standards of WT:ATTEST. A single mention in a reliable dictionary is good enough since Manx is an LDL, but I don't know the literature well enough to say which online dictionaries are reliable and which aren't. This is from what I'd consider a reliable dictionary, but it uses the spelling rather than . —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 15:39, 15 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I got it from Fargher's English-Manx Dictionary, but it doesn't appear to be online in any useful way, and I admittedly am lazier about citing when it just amounts to writing out the name of the paper dictionary it came from. 18:35, 15 July 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV passed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 05:39, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:thalhear


text:
Talk:elaqueation

RFV discussion: July–November 2016
DTLHS (talk) 01:22, 31 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Four quotations have been added, but three are mentions and the fourth is not durably archived. —Granger (talk · contribs) 21:34, 17 November 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed and added to Appendix:English dictionary-only terms. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 05:47, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:elaqueation


text:
Talk:birdfucker

RFV discussion: July–November 2016
English by Philmonte101. Attested? --Dan Polansky (talk) 15:37, 31 July 2016 (UTC)

It seems to be attested thanks to Usenet hits. --Einstein2 (talk) 16:15, 31 July 2016 (UTC)

 * I've added four quotations. —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 18:17, 31 July 2016 (UTC)
 * RFV passed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 05:48, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:birdfucker


text:
Talk:RFV

RFV discussion: August–November 2016
I'm RFVing the RFV entry (haha, see what I did there?). It just seems like something that's only talked about here on Wiktionary, but I might be wrong. Philmonte101 (talk) 18:27, 3 August 2016 (UTC)
 * It's been a month. Can we get rid of this now please? PseudoSkull (talk) 23:42, 16 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Delete: Wikimedia-only usage. — SMUconlaw (talk) 17:02, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. There are other, attestable senses if anyone wants to add them, though. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 05:51, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:RFV


text:
Talk:RFD

RFV discussion: August–November 2016
Rfv-sense, both noun and verb. Already in Glossary, where it belongs, whether or not its use has leaked into the real world. I don't think use in a book or article about Wikipedia or its sisters should count. DCDuring TALK 10:54, 4 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Delete. As much of a fan as I am of Wiktionary, I don't think this belongs as one of the definitions. Philmonte101 (talk) 12:03, 5 August 2016 (UTC)
 * Delete: Wikimedia-only usage. — SMUconlaw (talk) 17:03, 30 October 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 05:52, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:RFD


text:
Talk:zeptoampere

RFV discussion: August–November 2016
Was SI-units-only stub page. Now created with one citation. Equinox ◑ 16:08, 8 August 2016 (UTC)
 * RFV failed and converted back to its former stubbed state. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 05:56, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:zeptoampere


text:
Talk:dramaction

RFV discussion: September–November 2016
Probably a good candidate for speedy (don't let me stop you) all the hits I can see are actually for a Quebec website called Dramaction. The hits are in French anyway so it's immaterial. Renard Migrant (talk) 23:58, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I searched "dramaction movies" in quotes on Google and I see two results, but I see lot more results if I search just "dramaction", many are not relevant to the genre. PlanetStar (talk) 00:17, 13 September 2016 (UTC)
 * That's fair enough but we don't count web pages as 'durably archived' as they tend to get deleted. Renard Migrant (talk) 10:45, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:03, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:dramaction


text:
Talk:𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺

RFV discussion: August–November 2016
Unattested, AFAIK. — Kleio (t · c) 21:27, 16 August 2016 (UTC)
 * @ User:KIeio So wait, you mean to tell me that the word for the Gothic language itself appears not to be attested in Gothic? There should be some kind of exception here for terms like this... Philmonte101 (talk) 22:45, 17 August 2016 (UTC)
 * For instance, only needing to find 1 citation instead of 3. These can be hard to come by, so it would make sense. Philmonte101 (talk) 22:48, 17 August 2016 (UTC)
 * It's literally unattested. (And probably should've been or  anyway.) In fact even, the word for Goth, is unattested, but that one can at least be gleaned from the -just once- attested compound . Also, dead languages already require only one attestation. But yeah, unless I'm missing something, this one shouldn't be here. — Kleio (t · c) 00:07, 18 August 2016 (UTC)
 * RFV failed, now it just needs to be deleted by someone. — Kleio (t · c) 12:09, 27 November 2016 (UTC)
 * Deleted. — SMUconlaw (talk) 07:52, 28 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺


text: ottefulle

title: ottefulle


text: 占住

title: 占住


text:
Talk:globophobia

RFV discussion: September–November 2016
We have fear of gobalization. Pedia have fear of balloons. SemperBlotto (talk) 06:30, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

 * I have added a several citations to both definitions. Kiwima (talk) 18:24, 13 September 2016 (UTC)

 * And both are RFV passed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:02, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:globophobia


text:
Talk:Wikiwoordenboekmedewerker

RFV discussion: September–November 2016
Can't seem to find any attestations — Kleio (t · c) 12:57, 17 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Same for me, and even if it would have attestions, it would just be a sum of its parts. Morgengave (talk) 13:11, 17 September 2016 (UTC)
 * @ User:Morgengave Sum of parts doesn't count with compounds. According to CFI, any compound can be included here, or else we'd have deleted a massive number of my Danish compound entries by now. Although, I agree, this is not attested. PseudoSkull (talk) 15:57, 17 September 2016 (UTC)
 * That's not actually explicit in CFI that single words are exempted from the idiomaticity criterion. It's one of the things I'd like to make official in CFI though it's not like any single words are going to be deleted before the change is made. Renard Migrant (talk) 23:17, 17 September 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:08, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Wikiwoordenboekmedewerker


text:
Talk:uinom

RFV discussion: September–November 2016
This was just moved from the Italic script to Latin script. Is it attested in the Latin script? —CodeCat 17:11, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Isn't Italic covered by the romanization of ancient scripts vote? If so, of course, we shouldn't exclude the Italic script version. Renard Migrant (talk) 17:20, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I don't know, I thought it was just Gothic. Note, though, that for old Italic languages other than Latin, the Italic-script version is customarily printed in bold in sources, while Latin-script attestations are in italic. So sources do distinguish the scripts, and we generally do too for these languages. Lepontic, however, is a Celtic language, and I don't know if it's attested in Latin script at all. —CodeCat 17:21, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
 * To clarify that, both scripts of these languages are printed in Latin script in (at least) etymological and grammatical sources, but the font style (bold vs italic) points out the script it's actually attested in. —CodeCat 19:20, 14 September 2016 (UTC)

 * As MG said, we had a vote about this. Let's keep all the Latin script forms and create Italic entries as needed. Editors can choose where to lemmatise without sending them to RFV and risking deletion just because nobody dug up the cites. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 19:41, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I believe these are all attested in only Old Italic. I would prefer them all moved to OI. — JohnC5 19:51, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Actually Votes/pl-2011-09/Romanization of languages in ancient scripts 2 doesn't mention Italic script. I can't find a more up to date version of that vote (we don't seem to categorize closed votes at all, by the way) so this actually seems to have no protection, per CodeCat. Renard Migrant (talk) 20:26, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Thanks for not pinging me. Yes, a lot of these words are attested in Latin script. It seems to me that those that aren't should be given in Latin form with the Old Italic as a tr= next to it, for easier comparisons and easier to consult lemmas. uinom • (𐌖𐌉𐌍𐌏𐌌) UtherPendrogn (talk) 20:51, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Created this, though admittedly don't know if I have the right to or not. If an admin/mod/other person could take care of it, that would be good. Laid down the basics. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikitionary:Votes/pl-2016-09/Romanisation_of_Lepontic UtherPendrogn (talk) 21:03, 14 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Why not go for all Italic script entries? It's what I'd do. Renard Migrant (talk) 17:59, 15 September 2016 (UTC)

 * I've moved the entry back to the Italic script, added a citation, and made the Latin-script entry a "romanization of" entry. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 20:34, 17 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Resolved. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:05, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:uinom


text:
Talk:alko

RFV discussion: September–November 2016
Seems to be unattested in this form and as a common noun meaning "elk". What is attested is two personal names, Alkouesi (which is said to be Cisalpine Gaulish, not Lepontic) and Alkouinas (whose language is not specified any more precisely than simply Celtic). This page does call the combining form alko- Lepontic; nevertheless, the two attested forms may justify a 🇨🇬, but they don't justify this entry. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 09:10, 17 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I concur. — JohnC5 23:13, 19 September 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:07, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:alko


text:
Talk:High German

RFV discussion: September–November 2016
Is it really ever used to mean Standard High German as opposed to dialectal High German? Korn [kʰũːɘ̃n] (talk) 12:39, 26 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Easily cited; it's just a calque of the German Hochdeutsch. Also, please use the tag in future. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 04:52, 27 September 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV passed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:17, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:High German


text:
Talk:bäkabomakölüm

RFV discussion: September–November 2016
Volapük for spinal cord. —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 12:08, 21 September 2016 (UTC)
 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:10, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:bäkabomakölüm


text:
Talk:頓河畔羅斯託夫

RFV discussion: September–November 2016
Is this an incorrect simplified-to-traditional conversion, or is it attestable? — justin(r)leung { (t...) 01:37, 27 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Conversion error. My mistake but I don't remember what I used then. The basic term "羅斯託夫" (Rostov) would be easier to test. "罗斯托夫" is the correct traditional form. --Anatoli T. (обсудить/вклад) 04:42, 27 September 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:14, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:頓河畔羅斯託夫


text:
Talk:snechtamla

RFV discussion: October–November 2016
This looks like it's not even Middle Irish anymore. —CodeCat 20:59, 19 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I've changed it (possibly partially) to Modern Irish, given that its only attestation is Flight of the Earls.
 * Also: I appreciate all you're doing for Old Irish right now, but it's starting to feel like a Gish Gallop. I'm waking up with scores of changes in my inbox — some of them trivial, some of them very much not (and no edit summary), so I have to look at each page to see what might have changed; in many cases you are removing information (even if you intend to put it back later); you aren't just improving things, you're refactoring quite a lot so that I am beginning to get lost in OIr entries I wrote (and I really do think that the stem of nouns and adjectives should be in the header line, not (just) the declension table); you're being black-and-white with data in shades of grey, and those of us with jobs are going to have to quite a bit of work to answer your questions and fill your requests for more information and satisfy the holes in your understanding. Can I at least ask that you back off on the Ritalin and slow down a bit so the rest of us can catch up? --Catsidhe (verba, facta) 21:30, 19 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I sympathize with both of you. On the one hand, we definitely have way too many entries that are marked as Old Irish but aren't; on the other hand, waking up on a Thursday morning when I'm on vacation and finding no fewer than 19 entries RFVed is rather overwhelming. I'll try to work through these as I can, but it won't be fast. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 08:18, 20 October 2016 (UTC)
 * There's no rush of course. Take all the time you need. The way I see it, I'd rather mark them for verification than do nothing and ignore the problem. —CodeCat 14:19, 20 October 2016 (UTC)
 * This one's taken care of; moved to and marked as obsolete (Modern) Irish. —Aɴɢʀ (talk) 16:02, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:snechtamla


text:
Talk:fabric blindness

RFV discussion: September–November 2016
Current def: "the inability to see and understand, through complex infrastructure fog, network transactions, complex interactions and conversations between Storage Area Network (SAN) elements". I am not sure what that is trying to say. The original entry was probably promotional, but this may be an actual term of art? - TheDaveRoss 19:05, 30 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Zero on Books, none on the UseNet part of Groups, in various non-Usenet groups just variations on the same spam integrated into this entry. Chuck Entz (talk) 19:33, 30 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I did spot this mention in another company's document which is what gave me pause. I also saw a number of people talking about a sense related to actual fabrics becoming indistinguishable. edit Also this PDF. - TheDaveRoss 19:37, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:18, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:fabric blindness


text:
Talk:Unsupported titles/=`lt`

RFV discussion: July 2016
Are these symbols actually used with these meanings? I'm familiar with <= and >= used with these meanings, but not =< and =>. I know that searching for symbols like these is very difficult, so if anyone can provide convincing evidence that these are actually used, even if not durably archived, I'll withdraw the RFV. —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 13:37, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Never seen these (edit: used for this purpose) in any of numerous programming languages. Just asked a more pure-mathematical friend, who hasn't seen them either, and says that => would mean "implies". Equinox ◑ 14:28, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

 * => is used in some languages in associative arrays to introduce the value of a key (key => value). It is also used as a generic arrow symbol. — Ungoliant (falai) 16:26, 10 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I recall seeing these in typed mathematics problems sets/texts with the meanings shown. Even our miscellaneous character set does not have U+2265 (≥) for "greater than or equal to", for which ge was also used. DCDuring TALK 18:59, 10 July 2016 (UTC)
 * I couldn't swear that =< and => were ever used, rather than <= and >=. DCDuring TALK 19:35, 10 July 2016 (UTC)
 * Yes, I've seen seen => used many times as an arrow. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 22:29, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

 * FYI there are a few search engines that allow searching for mathematical symbols, including Google Scholar (if you use Latex notation, which may not help with very simple symbols like this) and supposedly search.mathweb.org and latexsearch.com. - -sche (discuss) 20:15, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Symbolhound.com also seems to be useful. Using those, I've found some programming languages that seem to use the symbol =< this way, including Prolog, and two durably archived uses, which I've added to the entry, so I withdraw the RFV for =<. I still can't find any evidence that => is used with this meaning. —Mr. Granger (talk • contribs) 21:00, 10 July 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Unsupported titles/=`lt`


text:
Talk:épisélénure

RFV discussion: September–November 2016
Trying to check the gender for this (looks feminine, listed as masculine) it turns out there are no uses for this whatsoever on Google (hits, but all Wiktionary and its mirrors, so no uses). Renard Migrant (talk) 11:44, 28 September 2016 (UTC)
 * I found hits in various translation dictionaries 1 2 3 etc., and French Wikipedia and various mirrors, but no use (other than as a password.) Those mentioning list masculine. - Amgine/t·e 18:33, 28 September 2016 (UTC)
 * Oh, and the synonym sélénirane finds a couple SGC hits. - Amgine/t·e 18:36, 28 September 2016 (UTC)
 * What is SGC? Renard Migrant (talk) 19:53, 30 September 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:15, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:épisélénure


text:
Talk:Acela Republican

RFV discussion: October–November 2016
Roughly 150 Google Web hits. Not enough in Google Books or Groups. Equinox ◑ 13:27, 9 October 2016 (UTC)
 * 150? I got 744. Pur ple back pack 89   13:55, 9 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I've added two cites. Pur ple back pack 89  14:05, 9 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Cited Pur ple back pack 89  15:34, 9 October 2016 (UTC)
 * No citations from durably archived media in entry. DCDuring TALK 15:54, 9 October 2016 (UTC)
 * First off, wrong. One of the websites is a mirror of a print magazine.  Secondly, who cares?  It's a word, ain't it?  It's used, ain't it?   There are dozens of other cites from the internet out there that could be used if need be.  Also, please do not refactor my comments. Pur ple back pack 89   16:09, 9 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Why not propose a vote (everyone else is doing it.)? You could propose that we remove the requirement that attestation be from durably archived media, which proposal has been discussed previously, but not in the past few months. DCDuring TALK 16:35, 9 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Why not actually do some work on trying to cite this, instead of criticizing everything I do and violating guidelines by refactoring my comments? This has three citations.  If you don't like them, find some ones you do like.  Until then, it's cited.  Thank you for your cooperation. Pur ple back pack 89   16:45, 9 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Why don't you add some taxonomic names or vernacular names of organisms?
 * More specifically to the point, why do you add terms that no dictionary has without making sure that you have valid attestation? Is that because you don't know the rules, choose not to conform to them, or don't know how? Can't you find more productive work to do here? Why is it that you expect others to compensate for the deficiencies exhibited by the entries you add? DCDuring TALK 00:19, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Before I answer that question, can you solemnly swear that every single definition you've ever created has been created with citations? I thought not.  There's no requirement that citations must be added as soon as an entry has been created, and I doubt there ever will be. I add words that have been used in various places, usually on the Internet.  The words I add generally have many uses on the Internet.  Whether or not another dictionary has them is irrelevant.
 * As for my request that you actually do something about this instead of being a rules Nazi and demanding I add more citations after I've already added some while you've done nothing to improve this particular entry except complain about what I've been doing, I stand by that. The way you're acting is unhelpful. Pur ple back pack 89   05:11, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * hi. I’d appreciate it if you never compared a harmless contributor to racist killers who suppressed everybody’s autonomy. Cheers, — (((Romanophile))) ♞ (contributions) 08:08, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Well, he's suppressing my autonomy... Pur ple back pack 89  13:18, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * That’s not good enough. Your participation in this project is always voluntary, but residency in Europe was (and still is) compulsory for most of the sapiens there. — (((Romanophile))) ♞ (contributions) 18:55, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Still Uncited. DCDuring TALK 00:14, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * You know how overly bureaucratic and not in the spirit of all things Wikis stand for you are right now? It's clear that the word has been used many times in various places, and you still want to get rid of it.  Have you even bothered to look at where it's been used?  If not, you should either look at where it's been used, or quit this discussion. Pur ple back pack 89   05:11, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * No one ever said anyone has to provide 3 durably-archived citations. Of course, the entry will be deleted- but who cares? None of us do. You're the one who wants to keep the entry, so you would seem to be the logical person to look for cites. As for all that other stuff about Equinox and DCDuring and bureaucracy and yada-yada-yada: please show the part of CFI that those apply to- otherwise the rest of us will just write them off as attempts to divert attention from the the fact that you don't have anything. You may not like the rules- but those are the rules. Oh, and as far as all of the rfv's you just spammed us with: all of those terms are present in dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of durably-archived sources, even if they haven't been specifically documented in the entry yet. Your term isn't- though it may yet barely squeak by. Chuck Entz (talk) 07:53, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * I think it is advisable to have citations in advance for terms or definitions not in any dictionary, especially neologisms. The citations are often more illustrative of meaning and context than our definitions, labels, and usage notes.
 * Taxonomic terms are almost guaranteed to have citations available. Vernacular names have no such guarantee, especially if we don't accept mentions. DCDuring TALK 12:10, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * If you believe citations should be done in advance, start a BP discussion or a vote about it. But there will never be a rule that exempts words like your uncited taxonomic entries while requiring citations for my political term.
 * It's a total stretch to say "I don't have anything". I have one citation that appeared in a magazine as well as online, so that's durable.  I have two non-durable citations.  I could have dozens more non-durable citations.  I don't think it's fair that something like that should be deleted, and I am displeased at how flippant you are about "of course, this is going to get deleted" when it's clear the word has been used.  Not really giving a damn about whether an entry lives or dies seems to me to not be caring about improving people's knowledge.  And I don't think it's fair that DCDuring can criticize me over and over without actually trying to improve the entry himself, especially since he has recently created dozens and dozens of articles with no citations of their own.  If he's going to expect me to cite my entries on creation (and he seems to want to above), the least he can do is model good behavior by citing his own. Pur ple back pack 89   13:18, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * The greatest improvement for your entries is often their deletion.
 * Why would I want special treatment for taxonomic names? Just as we don't usually waste time challenging words or definitions that appear in a dictionary, there is little reason to challenge taxonomic names, unless the name seems misspelled or there is other reason to suspect it is badly defined, a joke or hoax (eg Ba humbugi, etc. I am in the process of checking taxonomic names for misspellings myself. That is one reason why I look at multiple taxonomic databases for taxonomic entries, especially those I've added or that are unreferenced. DCDuring TALK  14:46, 10 October 2016 (UTC)

 * After having had one or two of my early entries deleted, I now never create an entry without doing a quick check of Google Books and Google Groups to see if it could be cited. I don't bother with actually adding cites to the entry, but I'm generally confident that the entry would survive rfv. I think that's what DCuring is asking for. Not only does that save a lot of stress for me and imposition on others, it also gives me a better idea of usage, which makes for a better entry. Chuck Entz (talk) 14:59, 10 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Not cited, three citations from the same author = not independent. Of course, these do count as one cite. Renard Migrant (talk) 14:52, 10 October 2016 (UTC)

 * Nate Silver used it here "natesilver: If you asked 100 Acela Republicans whether they’d take Fiorina as their nominee if it guaranteed there was no chance of Trump, what would they say?" (The use links to the Rick Wilson piece). - TheDaveRoss 15:52, 10 October 2016 (UTC)
 * Not durably archived? Renard Migrant (talk) 21:10, 11 October 2016 (UTC)

 * I think this might actually be SoP, "Acela" being used as an adjective to refer to the Northeast corridor of the US, including DC, NYC, Boston, Philadelphia. I see references to the "Acela Primary" and "Acela Corridor" in addition to "Acela Republican." - TheDaveRoss 20:19, 22 November 2016 (UTC)

 * RFV failed. —Μετάknowledge discuss/deeds 06:21, 29 November 2016 (UTC)

I still say it is ridiculous that this failed RFV. TBH, any word from 2010 or later should allow online citations of any stripe! Purplebackpack89 21:06, 24 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Talk:Acela Republican


text: perckor

title: perckor


text:
penula

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) paenula, a kind of cloak or mantle used by Romans

title: penula


text: penule

title: penule


text:
šilček

Noun

 * 1) sharpener device for making pencils sharp

title: šilček


text:
scossale

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  apron

title: scossale


text: scossali

title: scossali


text:
šiliti

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to sharpen

title: šiliti


text:
ošiliti

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to sharpen (pencils)

title: ošiliti


text:
sprocco

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  sprout, scion

title: sprocco


text:
to burn

Adjective

 * 1)  In abundant supply.
 * Their new striker has pace to burn.

title: to burn


text:
høgd

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From, influenced by the East Norse-derived. Ultimately from. . Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (> 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) height, altitude
 * 2) a high place, e.g. a mount
 * 3) floor
 * 4)  high jump
 * 1)  high jump
 * 1)  high jump

title: høgd


text:
boncinello

Etymology
Diminutive form of.

Noun

 * 1) device in the shape of a stirrup used to close with a bolt

title: boncinello


text: boncinelli

title: boncinelli


text:
høgde

Etymology
From.

Etymology
From.

title: høgde


text: høgden

title: høgden


text:
User:Korh2wos

Hello I am new in here

title: User:Korh2wos


text:
uaidh seo amach

Adverb

 * 1) henceforth, from now on

title: uaidh seo amach


text:
as seo amach

Adverb

 * 1) from now on

title: as seo amach


text: artığı

title: artığı


text: artıklar

title: artıklar


text: høgda

title: høgda


text: høgder

title: høgder


text: høgdene

title: høgdene


text:
hacer un calvo

Verb

 * 1)  to moon show one's buttocks

title: hacer un calvo


text:
arolio

Noun

 * 1)  arolium

title: arolio


text:
jugglesome

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Characterised or marked by juggling
 * 2) * 1901, The Tariff Review - Volume 28:
 * Why not adhere to that system in spite of all the jugglesome theories and disguised pleas in the interest of our competitors?

title: jugglesome


text:
dulosi

Etymology
, derived from.

Noun

 * 1)  dulosis

title: dulosi


text: edeagi

title: edeagi


text:
buggersome

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Characteristic or typical of a bugger; characterised or marked by buggery

title: buggersome


text: Kanadian futtobōru

title: Kanadian futtobōru


text:
ferzo

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  sailcloth

title: ferzo


text: ferzi

title: ferzi


text:
fuetto

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) a small whip used in horse racings
 * 2)  a small cable used to support or fasten a sail.

title: fuetto


text: fuetti

title: fuetti


text:
coirtigh

Etymology 1
From, , from. .

Verb

 * 1) to decorticate
 * 2) to tan
 * 3) to coat, encrust

title: coirtigh


text: coirte

title: coirte


text:
so on

Phrase

 * 1) Other things of the same sort or nature.

title: so on


text:
kostspielig

Adjective

 * 1) costly

title: kostspielig


text:
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hawją

Etymology
. Perhaps from a ja-collective form of.

Noun

 * 1) hay

title: Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hawją


text: port-wine stain

title: port-wine stain


text: port-wine stains

title: port-wine stains


text:
port-wine mark

Noun

 * 1)  naevus flammeus

title: port-wine mark


text: port-wine marks

title: port-wine marks


text:
xukur

Etymology
Inherited from, compare 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) cow, cattle

title: xukur


text:
zurückmelden

Verb

 * 1)  to report back

title: zurückmelden


text: scairde

title: scairde


text: scairdeanna

title: scairdeanna


text: abachta

title: abachta


text:
User:Burgundaz/Notes on Germanic

Adjectival *-haz and *-gaz
Gothic attests a few Germanic forms of the suffix *-gaz with *-haz:

 * *ainahô (Gothic: ainaha)
 * *barnahaz (Gothic: unbarnahs)
 * *bergahaz (Gothic: bairgahei (literally "mountainousness))
 * *new(j)aklahaz (Gothic: niuklahs)
 * *stainahaz (Gothic: stainahs)
 * *wurdahaz (Gothic: waurdahs)

... this seems to show that at least some forms of pre-Germanic *-kos showed a process of drawing the accent away from the initial syllable to the following:

 * *Hóynos > *Hoynókos
 * (*bʰornós >) *bʰórnom > *bʰornókos
 * *bʰérgʰo- > *bʰergʰókos
 * (*newognós >) *newógno- > *newognókos
 * *stóyh₂nos > *stoyh₂nókos
 * *h₂wŕ̥dʰom > *h₂wr̥dʰókos

 * Notes:
 * Two etymologies are supplied which show their likely original derivation from oxytone adjectives to barytone substantives.
 * Germanic seems to have dissimilated original *-kna- to *-kla-, compare Ancient Greek νεογνός ("newborn")

Present
In present use, the aorists show full-grade in the singular and zero-grade elsewhere, as in 3sg. *kwimidi, 3pl. *kumandi; *knididi, *knudandi; *swifidi, sufandi, *trididi, *trudandi:

Preterite
The early or pre-Germanic root aorist in past use leaves its traces in the preterites of stative-present *kunnaną and *unnaną, and also somewhat differently in the verbs *hlaþaną, *standaną and *waldaną.

In the former, the irregular preterite stems *kunþ- and *unþ- presumably go back to *ǵnéh₃-t > *ǵń̥h₃-t, *h₃én-t > *h₃ń̥-t, where the zero-grade seems to have spread from the non-singular *ǵn̥h₃-ént, *h₃n̥-ént.

In the latter, the preterites *hlōþ, *stōþ and *wulþ (< *kléh₂-t, *stéh₂-t and *h₂wĺ̥h₁-t), seem to have influenced the creation of present forms also containing a dental. Although in the case of *waldaną, it's not improbable that the present was replaced by the compound *h₂wolh₁-dʰh₁- as also found in Balto-Slavic.

Strong 4th and 5th -ē-
The lengthened grade -ē- found in the oblique of class 4 and 5 strong preterites probably spread from the singular indicative where it was originally confined, presumably in a Narten fashion of 3sg. **kwēm, 3pl. **kwemun. This is corroborated by the abnormal "o-grades" found in some deverbal formations where -a- is expected: *nēmą, where **namą (< *nemaną) is expected, *ētą for **atą (< *etaną), in a small class of o-grade deverbal neuter a-stems; numerous causative-iteratives which notoriously take the o-grade, some with traditional o-grade variants: ... and some with no traditional o-grade variant at all:
 * *ētijaną and *atjaną < *etaną
 * *kwēdijaną and *kwadjaną < *kweþaną (unless denominal)
 * *lēgijaną and *lagjaną < *ligjaną
 * *sētijaną and *satjaną < *sitjaną
 * *swēbijaną and *swabjaną < *swefaną
 * *bērijaną (not **barjaną) < *beraną
 * *gētijaną (not **gatjaną) < *getaną
 * *kwēmijaną (not **kwamjaną) < *kwemaną
 * *nēmijaną (not **namjaną) < *nemaną
 * *stēlijaną (not **staljaną) < *stelaną

Eventually the singular -ē- was replaced by the regular o-grade -a- in all verbs except one, *etaną, which somehow preserved the transitional phase as 3sg. *ēt, 3pl. *ētun.

Pre-Germanic formations
A list of formations found in Germanic that point to earlier, presumably more complex, formations.

Verbal

 * Full-grade present: *bʰér- > *beraną
 * O-grade present: *pór- > *faraną
 * Zero-grade present: *sh̥́₂g- > *sakaną
 * Narten formation: *bʰḗr-/*bʰer- > *bēr/*berun > *bēr/*bērun > *bar/*bērun
 * Aorist present: *wéyk-/*wik- > *wīhidi/*wi(g/h)andi
 * Stative present: *wóyd-/*wid- > *witaną

Pre-Germanic prefix stress
Stressed

The second -a- in *ana- likely resulted from a residual laryngeal schwa, requiring stress to survive. This could show that pre-Germanic preverbs/prefixes carried stress. Otherwise, it represents a secondary *an- + *-o as in *aba-, *uba-.
 * *aba- < *h₂epó-
 * *ana- < *h₂enh̥́₂-
 * *fra- < *pró-
 * *idi- < *h₁etí-
 * *midi- < probably *metí-
 * *uba- < *h₁upó-
 * *uber- < *h₁upér-

Unstressed
 * *bi- < *h₁pi-
 * *ga- < *kom-
 * *tiz- < *dis-
 * *tuz- < *dus-
 * *uz- < *us < *ud-s-

Proto-Germanic passive endings
The PIE thematic present middle endings should presumably have given the following in Proto-Germanic, assuming no other changes:

Instead, we see the analogical change of 2sg *-idai/-aid to *-izai/-aizau, replacement of subj 3pl *-ro with *-nto, spread of the marker *-ai from the 2sg/3sg/3pl to all forms in the indicative, thus the corresponding spread of the marker *-au (from whatever source) through the subjunctive. Presumably the unsyncretized Proto-Germanic passive should have been the following:

The 2nd dual forms are harder to predict, as depending on the date of the spread of the markers, we could expect: very early *-idamai/-aidamau, early *-idanai/-aidanau or late *-idai/-aidau. The latter might be preferable, being less marked, contributing in part to the syncretism shown in the Gothic passive.

"Do" and pre-Germanic tense
Presumably the pre-Germanic tense system had developed into the following:

The perfect describing a present state resulting from a past action, while a pluperfect would have described a past state resulting from a further past action.

The exact route this took from pre-Germanic to Germanic is quite complex.

The irregular verb do seems best at preserving morphological traces of this system:

The present stem reflects an athematic o-grade present, for whatever reason replacing the expected reduplicated athematic present.

The expected aorist non-singular stem was probably already regularized to *du- (*dun < *dʰh₁ń̥d). Eventually even this was replaced by the newer stem *dēd- after the reinterpretation of *dēþ as a bare stem. Compare *stōþ > *stōdun, *hlōþ > *hlōdun for similar formations.

Old English dyde seems to reflect a stem *dud-, possibly from a thematic pluperfect with analogical introduction of secondary zero-grade from aorist non-singular *du-, giving 2sg. *dudiz, 3sg. ''*dudi.

That *du- had become a secondary zero-grade stem is perhaps further proved by the secondary zero-grade Old English dyde, "a deed", < *dudiz replacing earlier *daþ/diz. Compare Latin conditiō, Celtic *kondatis, Ancient Greek θέσις. Given this, it is not much of a leap to assume that the inherited to-stem participle had become *dudaz from earlier *dadaz.

Therefore, a possible rendering of the early Germanic active 'do'-paradigm could have appeared as follows:

A little more speculatively, it seems possible that each tense could at one time have been given respective participles:

 * Present: *-andz
 * Imperfect: *-(a)naz (strong past participles)
 * Aorist: *-anþs, oblique *-und- (possibly derived *nēh(w)undijô, "neighbor: who is approached")
 * Perfect: *-wōz, oblique *-uz- (derived *bēruzjaz, "parent: who has borne")
 * Pluperfect: *-daz (preterite-present past participles)

Germanic weak verbs and transitivity
It is possible that Germanic weak verb classes, especially those of the third, fourth and lost stative *-ēną-class, played a larger role in describing verb transitivity to a more extensive extent in earlier Germanic.

Presumably the third class originally supplied a general inchoative aspect, as seen in the difference between *dugaiþi, "to become useful > to help" against *duganą, "to be useful". The role of simple stative present in relation to the inchoative seems to have been supplied by preterite-presents, j-stem verbs and probably also at one time by the *-ēną-class of verbs attested only in the derivatives *armēǭ and *fagēþiz. Competition between the three seems to have resulted in the almost complete disappearance of the latter verb class.

This interpretation of the third class, one of an inchoative linked with a stative companion, would help explain certain confusion between forms in the daughter languages, including verbs that show umlaut/lack of umlaut, gemination/lack of gemination and so on, as eventually the inchoative verbs themselves gradually developed into simple stative verbs in competition with their original companion.

The third class might have also served to derived inceptive verbs from activity verbs:

The fourth class might have served for anticausative aspect, derived from causative/transitive verbs.

Abnormal extension: u/i-stem/infixation
In Germanic there seems to be a class of nouns that declines in the "strong" cases with initial stress, Cv́C-uC-, while receiving oxytone or paroxytone stress in the "weak" cases, CvC-íC-; while additionally being marked by a -u- in the originally unstressed syllable in the former, but with an -i- in the originally stressed syllable in the latter.

The best theory to come to one's mind at the moment that would make sense of all the forms and accentual shifts, would be that this type of inflection/derivation was grammaticalized from earlier collective formations like like CéC-l̥/r̥ or CóC-l̥/r̥ (obl. CC-én-), which would result in Germanic forms like CeC-uR- (obl. CeC/G-iR-, where G is a mutable consonant by Verner's law). This would also help explain its perceived collective capacity in some formations.

This class might also by the basis for the collective suffixes *-idją, *-iþją, from the quite numerous dental oblique stems plus the normal collective *-ją. When the stems are collectivized with *-ją, they seem to prefer the oblique stem, *apilją, *aritją, *alizją

 * Notes:
 * The oblique stem *haubiþ- is irregular to the paradigm, but probably due to a labializing shift, -aPv́- > -auPv́- (where P is a labial consonant).

Animals
 * *albuts (obl. *albit-) - f - "swan"; > OE ielfetu; OHG albiz, elbiz; ON ǫlpt

 * *anudz (obl. *aniþ-) - f - "duck" - (OE ænid/æned, ened; OHG anut, enit; ON ǫnd, pl endr)
 * According to theory 1, this might go back to *h₂enh₂ts, however this consonant cluster doesn't seem especially heavy.

 * *awudą (obl. *awwiþa-) - n - "(sheep) herd" - ( OE eówod; OHG ewit/ouwit) (primary formation)
 * *awidją (obl. *awwiþją) - n/f - "(sheep) herd; sheepfold"; > OE ēow(e)de; OHG ouwiti; GO aweþi - With secondary and redundant collective suffix *-ją

 * *hafukaz/*habukaz (obl. *haubik-) - m - "hawk" (ON haukr; OE hafoc/hafuc/heafoc; OF hauk; OS habuk; OHG habuh/*hebich (> MHG hebech/hebich))
 * For the root-final consonant, cf. Latin capus ("hawk") but also Proto-Slavic *kobьcь ("hawk; merlin").

 * *hakudaz, obl. *hakiþ- - m - "pike (fish)" (OE hacod; OHG hachit but also heched)

Material/Substance
 * *aruts, obl. *arit- - m - "ore" (OD arut; OHG aruz, ariz)
 * Secondary *aritją > OHG aruzi, arizi.

 * *meluks, obl. *milik- - f - "milk" (OE meoloc, meolc; OF melok; OS miluk; OHG miluch, milich; ON mjǫlk; GO miluks)
 * Obviously the root is inherited. The only reason to assume it was re-rendered to this class of declension was due to its collectivity/uncountability.

People/Body part
 * *ankul-/*ankil- also possibly *ank(a)la- - m/f - "ankle" (ON ǫkkla; OHG ankala and enkil'')

 * *erulaz (obl. *irila-) - m - "earls, (high-ranking) men" (Latin Heruli/Eruli; Runic erilaz/irilaz) (cf. also ON jarl; OE eorl; OS erl'')
 * The Germanic reflexes point to *erlaz, while Latin and Runic inscriptions provide the attested forms. It is possible they are technically two different words, but the Runic inscriptions seem to be boasting of titles rather than simply the name of a tribe, to which the Germanic reflexes proper were or came to be used as titles. If they are related, it is further evidence that the u/i-formant could intervene in otherwise fixed morphemes, as happened with *meluks < *melks. This would further imply a non-IE origin for the process.

 * *hafudą, obl. *haubiþ-- n - "head" - (GO 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸; ON hǫfuð; OE hēafod but also hafudland)
 * Cognate with Latin caput, obl. capit-.

 * *haludaz, obl. *haliþ- - m - "hero, man" - (ON hǫldr; OE hæleþ/heleþ)

 * *Harud(a)z, pl. *Harudiz/*Harudōz, obl. *Hariþ- - m - "warrior, hero" - (ON *Hǫrðr > ON Hǫrðaland)
 * Germanic tribal name, Latin Charudes, pl. consonant stem. Outside Germanic, cognate to Celtic *karuts, "warrior, hero".

 * *swajutaz, obl. *swaita-(< *swajita-) - m - "host, troop" - (ON sveit/sjót (as if *swaitaz/*sweutaz); OE swēot)

 * *werudą or *wirudą, obl. *wiriþa- or *wirida-, "host (of men)" (OE weorod/werod; ON virðar (pl))
 * Possibly attested outside of Germanic in Gallic proper name Viridovix, theonym Viridios. The Celtic forms suggest the dental might have originally been -d- throughout the Germanic word, otherwise we would expect Celtic *Wirit-, unless this could be explained by the developing Celtic lenition of -t- to -d-.
 * Probably derived from the noun *wiraz/*weraz, "man",

Places
 * *harudą (obl. *hariþ-) - "area: woods, forest; district, hundred"(?) (ON herað ("district; country(side)"), OHG heride ("community; district"(?)))
 * The ON form might not belong here, it looks to go back to *harōd- with the vocalism of *hariþ- (which the OHG form represents). Koebler and others reconstruct roots *haraþ/d- and *haruþ-, presumably based on personal name elements;

 * *warudaz, obl. *wariþ- - m - "shore; island" (OE waroþ/weroþ/wereþ; OHG warid/werid)
 * Probably related to OE wær, "sea", ON vari, "water".

Plants
 * *adukaz, obl. *adik- - m - "(variously) elder; coriander; danewort" (OS aduk; OHG atuh, attiho, *atih > (MG Attich (archaic?)))
 * Compare Gallic *odokos, Latin ebulum (< ''*h₁edʰlom).

 * *ahulaz, obl. *agila- - m - "awn" (OE egl; OHG ahil)

 * *ahunō, obl. *aginō- - f - "chaff" (OE eġenu; OS agana; OHG agana; ON ǫgn; GO ahana)
 * Technically only the ON and OE terms show forms going back to this paradigm, therefore like *apalaz below, there was probably a competing form *ah/ganō. Possibly a singulative/collective differentiation?

 * *ahuraz, obl. *agira- (or *agiza-) - m - "maple" (DA ær; ModHG (dialectal) Acher)

 * *aluzaz, obl. *alisa- - m - "alder" (OE alor, aler; OHG erila, elira; ON ǫlr, alr)
 * Secondary *alizją > Old Norse elri.

 * *apulaz, obl. *apil- - m - "apple"; > OE æpl, appel; OS appul; OHG apful, apfel
 * Secondary *apilją > Old Norse epli
 * This formation existed in parallel to a normal a-stem *apalaz, where this noun possibly had more collective force. The derived tree name could have been either originally *apuldraz or *apaldraz, ON apaldr against OE apuldre, OHG apfultra (< *apuldrǭ), where either stem could have been leveled out.

Tools/Structures
 * *akuzī, obl. *akwisjō- - f - "axe"; > OE æx; OF axe; OS akus; OHG ackus; ON øx; Gothic aqisi

 * *angulaz, obl. *angil- (possibly also *ang(a)la-) - m - "(fish)hook, angle"
 * Probably the same complex as the demonym *Anglijōz/*Anglīz/*Angilōz; a view supported by the medieval Norwegian toponym Ǫngull. The Jutland peninsula vaguely resembles a fishhook in shape, with the Angles purportedly living in the area of the "hook"-part.

 * *faludaz, obl. *falid- - m - "pen, enclosure"; > DA fold; OE fald/falod; OS faled.

 * *rakudaz, obl. *rakid-? - m - "building; house"; > OE ræċed/reċed; OS rakud/rakod
 * Probably derived from *rakaz ("straight") or *rakjaną ("to stretch, straighten"). If from the latter, it could have entered this class of declension by way of an original form *rakidaz, "what is straightened, arranged". There is no evidence to assume the oblique dental would have been -þ-.

Weak class 3
The Germanic class 3 weak verbs are a merging of at least two pre-Germanic verbal paradigms, a denominal formation and a middle-esque formation.

The first is an unproblematic formation of factitive/causative verbs cognate with Ancient Greek -όω, an innovated denominal formation which kept the nominal thematic *-o- vowel instead of replacing it with *-e-, as is represented by the first weak class. So an adjective like *bataz > *bʰodós would be derived as *bʰodóyeti, as opposed to to *hailijaną, "to make whole" from *hailaz, "whole", < *koyl-e-yeti < *koylos. From this formation, past participles ended in *-adaz.

The second is, according to Jasanoff, a middle formation that's reflected in Sanskrit duhe, a competing form to dugdhe, which represents PIE *dʰugʰ-ói, "... is useful" > with peculiar Indic semantics "providing milk". To verbs of this formation a suffix *-yéti was added, giving pre-Germanic *-o(i)yéti. In Proto-Germanic the forms *-oyé- and *-oyó- developed into *-ai- and *-ā-, respectively. From this formation, past participles ended in *-aidaz.

This type of deponent middle formation probably indicated stative, inchoative and reflexive semantics: stative *wakāną, "to be vigilant" > "to be awake"; inchocative *kaldāną, "to become cold"; reflexive *armāną, "to become as (treat oneself as) poor" > "to show mercy".

Verbs that have confused the reconstruction of this class, namely *habāną, *sagāną, *libāną, are to be understood as derived and secondary:

 * *habāną, "to be holding; to have" could be derived from either the strong verb *hafjaną, "to heave, lift", or more likely the weak class 1 zero-grade present *habjaną, "to hold". This whole family of words developed as "to take" > (1: *hafjaną) "to take up/away" > "to carry (away) > "to lift"; (2: *habjaną) "to take up" > "to hold" (3: *habāną) "to be holding" > "to have". While the weak class 1 is sparsely attested, it does leave behind derivations that attest its existence, *habidaz (OE gehefed), *habiþlą (OE hefeld, "thread for weaving", literally "that which holds")

 * *sagāną, "to be speaking", is derived from weak class 1 *sagjaną, "to say". The latter is possibly the long lost causative to *sehwaną, "to follow (with the eyes) > to see", which originally meant "to cause to follow (in speech)" > "to narrate, recount" > "to say, verbalize".

 * *libāną, "to be remaining; to live", is probably derived from the zero-grade present *libjaną, "to remain" > "to survive, live, exist". The two were semantically very close, and were very likely conflated or confused.

Subsequently the stem *-ai- > *-ē- was leveled through the paradigm in Old High German, probably because the stem alternant *-ā-, unstressed *-a-, was indistinct with respect to other verb classes.

While the third weak class survives in Old Norse, it is far less used than the other two surviving weak classes, 1 and 2. This is very likely because the development of the North Germanic mediopassive formation in -sk took on much of its semantic responsibility.

In the other West Germanic languages, the 3rd weak class was merged with weak class 2 verbs, possibly because that class was a very productive destination for verbs from other classes, or perhaps the class had been reconstituted as *-ā-j-aną, just as weak class 2 was as *-ō-j-aną, with the result ending up being indistinguishable due to phonological developments.

Prefixes/Preverbs
In Proto-Germanic, when adverbs and prepositions were attached to nominals and adjectives, they would expect to bear stress, and therefore show a non-Verner voicing; on the other hand, when they were attached to verbs, they bore no stress. In the North-West Germanic languages, almost all prefixes/preverbs show overwhelming Verner's voicing, with only a few forms without, showing that this branch had largely leveled out the stressed/non-Verner alternants. In East Germanic, this had gone the other way, with the stressed/nominal alternate forms leveling out the unstressed/verbal forms, except for ga-, bi-, and possibly uz-, which secondary became unstressed, but does show assimilation to following -rs, cf urrinnan.

Below is a list of most, if not all prefixes/preverbs in the Germanic lexicon, showing both the voicing forms, with non-Verner's on the left, and Verner's on the right. Forms that show no difference either way are listed singly.

Some forms show not just a voiced alternant, but possibly also an ablaut variant.

 * *afa-/*aba-
 * *ana-
 * *anþi-/*andi-
 * ON enn reflects *anþi
 * *at-
 * **fi-/*bi-
 * An unvoiced variant is attested nowhere, there is however an ablaut variant in *ib(i)-, Gothic ibdaljin, "upon(?) the valley > hillside".
 * *fra-/*bra-
 * *furai-/**burai-
 * A voiced variant is nowhere attested or discernible.
 * *furi-/**buri-
 * A voiced variant is nowhere attested or discernible.
 * *ham-/*ga-''
 * *ga- overwhelmingly won out in all Germanic languages, showing the process for this form started already in Proto-Germanic. The non-Verner variant *ham- is attested however in Frankish forms *hamallus/*chamallus, "one who shares the same forum", from earlier *ha(m)-maþlaz, cf OHG *gimahalo, "consort", as well as *hamedii/*hamedius, "co-oathtaker", from earlier *ham-aiþijaz, cf OHG gieido, "conjurator".
 * *iþi-/*idi-
 * *miþi-/*midi-, "with, amongst", cogante with Ancient Greek μετά
 * *niþra-/**nidra-
 * A voiced variant is nowhere attested or discernible.
 * *tiz-, "apart", cognate with Ancient Greek διά (with secondary -α), Latin dis-
 * *tō-
 * Possibly in some alternation with ablaut variant *ta.
 * *tuz-, "bad, mis-", cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ-
 * *þerhw-/*þuru-
 * A voiced variant **deru is nowhere attested, but this role might have been played by the ablaut variant *þuru(h).
 * *ufa-/*uba-
 * *ufer-/*uber-
 * *under-, (under)
 * **unþer-/*under-, (between)
 * *wiþra-/**widra-
 * A voiced variant is nowhere attested or discernible.

Deverbal adjectives
Strong verbs derive primary verbal adjectives in at least three ways:
 * "gerundive": o-grade or secondary o-grade, mostly zero-grade in the 3rd class of strong verbs, with Verner's voicing, therefore originally oxytonic, with i-stem suffix
 * ra-stem: zero-grade, sometimes o-grade, in the root, Verner's voicing/oxytonic, with the ra-stem suffix
 * ula-stem: normally zero-grade with Verner's voicing/oxytonic, with an -ula-stem suffix.

The semantics of these suffixes and formations can at least be split into two:

Patientive/Passive
Characterized entirely by the "gerundive"-type of adjective. Rather than term it "gerundive" however, a word which is characterized by more meanings than the one that characterizes this class, it would be more preferable to term this either "passive derverbal" or "patientive deverbal", since semantically it seems to be somewhat more patientive or passive, indicating what a verb can or could do, often to the subject. Resembles Latin deverbal adjectives in -bilis
 * *bēriz < *beraną, "able or worthy of bearing", cf Old Norse bærr, "entitled to < worth of being able to bear or carry"
 * *frēgiz, *frehnaną, "renowned, famous" < "worthy of being asked (about)"
 * *lēgiz < *ligjaną, "able or worth to lie, be lain", Old English lǣġe, "fallow, unploughed (of land)", Old Norse lægr, "right to be buried (ie. lain to rest)"
 * *lēziz < *lesaną, "empty", originally "able or worthy to be gathered"
 * *mētiz < *metaną, "able or worthy to be measured", > Old Norse mætr, "valuable, costly", Old English, "mean, inferior", ie. "not worthy of measure"
 * *þēgiz < *þigjaną, "agreeable < able or worthy to be accepted"

Agentive/Active
Semantically this type of formation seems to imply simple activity, or "doing ... (verb)", similar to Latin deverbal adjectives in -īvus

With the suffix *-ra-: To this we add forms with the suffix *-ula-:
 * *bitraz, "biting" < *bitaną, "to bite"
 * *klibraz, "sticking, adhering" < *klībaną, "to stick to"
 * *legraz, "lying, *ligjaną, "to lie"
 * *stulraz "sneaking" < *stelaną, "to sneak"
 * *wakraz, "(being) awake" > "watching" < *wakaną,
 * *brukulaz, "breaking", *brekaną
 * *farulaz, "traveling", < *faraną, "to travel"
 * *gebulaz, "giving", *gebaną, "to give"
 * *þagulaz, "silent, taciturn" < unattested *þahaną, "to be silent" (replaced entirely by it's derived stative *þagāną)

*ǵenh₁- against *ǵneh₃-
In Latin, where both PIE *ǵn̥h₁-tós, *ǵn̥h₃-tós are expected to have given homophonous gnātus and *gnātus, Latin (and probably Italic) instead dissimilated the terms to gnātus and gnōtus, introducing the full-grade secondarily to the latter form. As these roots and their derived forms are very basic and common, it seems very likely that speakers would attempt to dissimilate them where possible.

In Germanic, we see that speakers did the very same thing, but in a different fashion. Rather than introduce a full-grade to a root with expected zero-grade, which goes against the regularity of Germanic ablaut formations, especially with regards to verbs, Germanic speakers instead opted for contrast in accent, which secondarily gave contrast in voicing. Therefore, where *ǵn̥h₁-tós and *ǵn̥h₃-tós are expected to have given homophonous *kundaz and *kundaz (from earlier *kuntós and *kuntós), Germanic speakers instead opted for contrasting accent (*kuntós, *kúntos) between the two, which with Verner's alternation gave way to voicing contrast, *kundaz, "born", against *kunþaz, "known". This voicing also shows itself spreading to related formations, *kindiz/*kundiz, "kind", and *kinþiz/*kunþiz, "knowing", and probably most noticeably to the preterite stem of *kunnaną: *kunþē, *kunþēdun, although this isn't too surprising, as the preterite root is based on the participle stem.

Secondary e-grade nominals
Several Germanic words reflect an e-grade root, with or without oxytonic accent, with which several extra-Germanic cognates can provide evidence for original o-grade. Additionally are added forms that show secondary e-grade within Germanic itself, although these vary in certainty.

With extra-Germanic cognates

 * *blindaz ("blind, dark") < *blandaz < *bʰlondós > Lithuanian blandús, "gloomy"
 * *brinkaz ("edge, rim") < *brankaz < *bʰronkos > Tocharian B prenke
 * *deuzaz ("animal") < *dauzaz < *dʰowsós > Proto-Balto-Slavic *daušas, "breath, air; spirit"
 * In view of Balto-Slavic *daušas, the semantics of the Germanic noun developed from "breathing > living (creature)" or "being animated, sprited"; either way, semantically perfectly parallel to Latin animal derived from anima, "breath, air; spirit".
 * *geraz ("eager, yearning, zealous") < *garaz < *gʰorós > Proto-Celtic *goros, "pious, zealous"; Sanskrit hāra'', "bearing away, carrying away" (< "coveting" or "eager for")
 * Also Avestan zara, "striving, purpose" < "yearning for".
 * The root might also possibly be attested in the o-grade in the names of Mythological figures, *Garmaz (< *gʰormos, "yearning, being eager for") which would be a fitting name for the "perfect" hound; *Gar(i)dī, "desire", specifically the "desire" Freyr felt for her.
 * *hreubaz < *hraubaz - adj - "rough, scabby"
 * *hringaz < *hrangaz - m - "ring, circle"
 * *lertaz ("bent") < *lartaz < *lordós > Ancient Greek lordós, "bent backwards"
 * *leutaz - adj - ("foolish; false") < *lautaz = Proto-Slavic *ludъ < *lowdos
 * *skerzaz - adj - ("skittish") < *skarzaz < *(s)korsós > Ancient Greek epíkouros, "runner, helper"
 * Clearly secondary but uncertain for original o-grade or zero-grade, compare also: Latin currere < *(s)kr̥s-e-.
 * *swefnaz - m - ("sleep, dream") < *swafnaz < ''*swopnos
 * *þeudō - f - ("tribe, people") < *þaudō < *tewtéh₂ > Proto-Balto-Slavic *tautaʔ (but maybe *tjautaʔ); Proto-Italic *toutā (and/or *teutā)
 * Probably the least secure: there are just as many, maybe more, forms attested with e-grade as o-grade. It appears there was confusion everywhere.
 * *þeuhaz - m - ("thight") < *þauhaz < *tówHkos < *towHkós > Proto-Balto-Slavic *tauʔkás
 * *tówHkos was very likely derived from *towHkós, "fat", with contrastive stress.
 * *þeuraz < *þauraz - m - "aurochs" < *táwros > Ancient Greek taûros; Latin taûros; Proto-Balto-Slavic *taurás
 * *welhaz ("wet") < *walhaz < *wólkos > Proto-Celtic *wolkos

With intra-Germanic evidence

 * *hwerbaz ("turning, changing") < *hwarbaz < *kʷorp-ós
 * Denominative *hwarbōną, "to be changing, to change > to wander about".
 * *þeubaz ("thief < slinking")
 * *þingą < *þangą - n - "meeting; case; thing"
 * Possibly derived *þangilaz, "prince, leader", and *þangijaną (unless causative), "to perform, accomplish", preserves the original o-grade, otherwise a verbally derived agent formation in *-ilaz is expected in the zero-grade. As well, the oxytonesis implies an o-stem agentive/action formation, i.e. τόμος/τομός formations.
 * Additionally, especially for Germanic poetry if indeed archaic, and with the knowledge above that *hringaz was originally *hrangaz, the Beowulf phrase Hringa þengel, "prince of rings", makes more sense as an earlier poetical phrase with rhyming initial syllables *hrangą þangilaz (*hrangǫ̂ þangilaz on Wiktionary).
 * *werdaz ("turning") < *wardaz < *wort-ós
 * Continued fossilized as an adverb/preposition in OE weard.

Zero-grade non-singular presents with singular ja-stem
Within Germanic there are a small subset of verbs that feature full grade only in the singular present, with zero-grade in the non-singular present:

While there is no certainty on how other roots came to belong to this group, some verbs like *knudaną and *trudaną above came from aorist-presents; that is, aorists being re-classed as the present form of a verb, rather than taking the usual root towards becoming preterite.

There seems to be another subset of verbs that act in the same manner, albeit with a singular stem extended with *-j- earlier *-y- or *-i- (keep in mind -ji- resolves to -i-):

This would explain why the latter two show up as if from *leganą and *setaną in Gothic, while also explaining the widespread confusion between *haf- and *hab- in the daughter languages. Again, how they came to be conjugated as such is uncertain to one at the moment; at least the root *sed- formed a root aorist, from which it might have carried on, but the other two don't seem to have had such formations. Perhaps *leg- acquired it by semantic association with *set-.

title: User:Burgundaz/Notes on Germanic


text:
шлямзей

Noun

 * 1) bath sponge
 * 2) sponge, bath sponge implement for washing

title: шлямзей


text:
gas pipeline

Translations

 * Basque: gasbide
 * Belarusian: газаправо́д
 * Catalan: gasoducte
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 輸氣管道
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: gasoducto, gaseoducto
 * Georgian: გაზსადენი, გაზსადენი მილი
 * German:, , , Gasfernleitung
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: plynovod
 * Spanish: ,
 * Ukrainian: газопровід, газогі́н, газові́д

title: gas pipeline


text:
asynchronically

Adverb

 * 1) In an asynchronous manner.

Translations

 * French:

title: asynchronically


text:
contraciclo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) countercycle; countercyclicality

title: contraciclo


text:
pantagruélico

Etymology
Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) pantagruelian
 * 2)  excessive

Adjective

 * 1) lavish, excessive, pantagruelian

title: pantagruélico


text:
leuk-

Prefix

 * 1)  before a vowel.

title: leuk-


text:
proudsome

Etymology
From.

Adjective

 * 1) Characteristically proud; pridesome
 * 2) * 2000, Eurasian File - Issues 126-156:
 * Bahceli expressed that the relations and the cooperation between the two countries are proudsome yet should not be considered sufficient as the common will for their furtherance exists in both of the countries.

title: proudsome


text:
poskušati

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to try, attempt

title: poskušati


text:
à partida

Adverb

 * 1)  in principle; provisionally

title: à partida


text:
poskusiti

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1) to try, attempt

title: poskusiti


text:
市名

Noun

 * 1) name of a city

Noun

 * 1) name of a city

title: 市名


text:
vake

Etymology 1
From, from. Ultimately from the root.

Verb

 * 1)  to be awake, to not get to sleep
 * korkje greie å vake eller sove
 * 1)  to stay awake (through the night) to help or keep watch
 * vake over ein sjuk
 * to watch over a sick one
 * 1)  to be on guard, on watch

 * 1)  to appear at the surface of the water
 * fisken vakte etter fluga
 * the fish jumped at the fly
 * 1)  to float, stay afloat
 * båten vaker fint
 * the boat floats nicely

Etymology 2
From. , with which it shares its meanings, as well as and.

Noun

 * 1) waking, the act of staying awake
 * 2)  (service) on the eve of a saint's day

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) cow

Verb

 * 1) To be vacant.

title: vake


text:
州名

Noun

 * 1) name of a

title: 州名


text: vakent

title: vakent


text: Category:es:Forms of discrimination

title: Category:es:Forms of discrimination


text: Category:it:Transgender

title: Category:it:Transgender


text: Category:pt:Transgender

title: Category:pt:Transgender


text: Category:it:Forms of discrimination

title: Category:it:Forms of discrimination


text: Category:gl:Forms of discrimination

title: Category:gl:Forms of discrimination


text:
inquilinismo

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1)  inquilinism

title: inquilinismo


text: Category:Galician terms prefixed with trans-


text: Category:es:Discrimination

title: Category:es:Discrimination


text: Category:it:Discrimination

title: Category:it:Discrimination